CN101373238B - 弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤 - Google Patents

弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤 Download PDF

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CN101373238B
CN101373238B CN200810120563.9A CN200810120563A CN101373238B CN 101373238 B CN101373238 B CN 101373238B CN 200810120563 A CN200810120563 A CN 200810120563A CN 101373238 B CN101373238 B CN 101373238B
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optical fiber
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refractive index
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CN101373238A (zh
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张立永
卢卫民
吴海港
李群星
黄晓鹏
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Tianjin Futong Information Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Futong Group Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0281Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02395Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03605Highest refractive index not on central axis
    • G02B6/03611Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03622Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
    • G02B6/03627Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only arranged - +

Abstract

本发明公开了一种弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,其由横截面为圆形的裸玻璃光纤以及包围在该裸玻璃光纤外周的两个横截面为圆环形的树脂保护层构成,其特征是所述裸玻璃光纤由一个横截面为圆形的芯层和两个横截面为圆环形的包层组成,所述芯层的折射率高于两个包层的折射率,且所述芯层与第一包层的折射率差大于第一包层与第二包层的折射率差,第二包层为纯SiO 2组成,芯层的折射率剖面呈幂函数分布,两个包层的折射率剖面均呈阶梯型分布。本发明光纤的损耗对光纤的弯曲不敏感,分别满足ITU.T G.657.A和G.657.B光纤标准的要求。适用于光纤到户(FTTH)等局域网和接入网系统。

Description

弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光纤,特别是满足ITU.T G.657光纤标准的、弯曲损耗不敏感的、适用于光纤到户(FTTH)等局域网和接入网系统的单模光纤。
背景技术
随着宽带业务向家庭延伸,通信光网络的建设重点正在由核心网向光纤局域网、接入网乃至于光纤到户(FTTH)发展。FTTH作为接入的最后一段距离,受复杂应用场合的影响(多为街道、楼宇、拐角等),接入点多,且因布线时的悬拉、折弯因素等影响,光纤存在弯曲的现象很多。这对光纤的弯曲性能提出了更高的要求。常规G.652光纤的模场直径约为9.2μm,由于受到弯曲损耗和机械应力的影响,使用中一般要求光纤弯曲半径不能小于30mm,难以在室内沿墙壁布线以及将光纤余长绑成像电源线一样的小束。FTTH的普及需要进一步提高光纤的操作性能,并使室内装置以及接线盒的小型化成为可能,因此弯曲不敏感光纤将成为未来光纤应用的重点。
国际电信联盟(ITU)于2006年12月正式出台了关于弯曲不敏感光纤光缆的规格和标准,并将此类光纤光缆定义为G.657光纤光缆。G.657光纤光缆主要特性就是容许更小的弯曲直径、且弯曲损耗更低,能更好的满足FTTH工程的施工要求。与常规的单模光纤(C-SMF)相比,G.657光纤具有更好的抗弯曲性能,使其适用于光纤接入网,包括位于光纤接入网终端的建筑物内的各种布线。按照工作波长和使用范围,G.657光纤可以分为两类:G.657A和G.657B。G.657A的特点是在全面满足G.652.D规范的前提下改善光纤的弯曲损耗特性。G.657.A可以在1260~1625nm整个工作波长范围工作。G.657.A光纤可作为G.652.D的一个子类,其传输和互连性能与G.652D相同,但G.657.A光纤具有更好的弯曲性能和更精确的几何尺寸技术要求。G.657.B的特点是更充分地改善光纤的弯曲损耗特性,不必一定满足G.652.D规范,主要考虑用在建筑物内部。G.657.B光纤的传输工作波长分别是1310nm、1550nm和1625nm。由于较低的模场直径,G.657.B光纤的熔接与连接特性也与G.652光纤不同,但可以在弯曲半径非常小的情况下正常工作。
事实上,抗弯损(弯损为弯曲损耗的简称)光纤一直就是光纤材料开发和研究的重要内容之一。早在上个世纪80年代,美国的AT&T和日本的NTT公司就分别推出了压低包层和凸型折射率光纤,该光纤在1.3μm波长下工作的截至波长可做到1.35μm。通过几十年的努力,当今已有不少公司都相继推出了抗弯损光纤,且其抗弯性能也得到了很大的改善。例如,藤仓公司的
Figure G2008101205639D0002153215QIETU
-SR15和
Figure G2008101205639D0002153242QIETU
-SR15E抗弯损光纤,其分别对应于ITU-T G.652.B光纤和ITU-TG.652.D光纤,这些光纤的最小允许弯曲半径达到15mm,相对于普通单模光纤的30mm的弯曲半径,缩小了一半。住友电工推出的PureAccess-Ultra光纤的最小允许弯曲半径从常规的30mm减小到7.5mm。康宁公司的抗弯损光纤,当弯曲半径为32mm时,其在1550nm下的损耗不超过1dB,对应的截至波长在870nm~970nm之间。烽火的抗弯光纤(Bend Insensitive Fiber)在10mm、30圈的弯曲情况下,其在1550nm下的损耗不大于0.5dB,且相应的截至波长在1290nm以下。
改善光纤的弯曲性能可以从改善光纤的结构着手。如藤仓的孔助弯曲不敏感光纤(中国专利申请号:200580022430.2,公开号为CN1981223A),该光纤在弯曲半径为5mm、1550nm波长下的弯曲损耗为0.012dB/圈,模场直径(1550nm)为7.8μm,截止波长为1.28μm。虽然该光纤模场直径略小于C-SMF,但通过电弧使孔助光纤与C-SMF截面相匹配,使得平均熔接损耗达到0.05dB,其衰减性能也达到C-SMF的水平,1.30μm和1.55μm的衰减为0.50dB/km和0.28dB/km。我国专利申请(申请号200610119574.6,公开号为CN1971323A)也介绍了一种空气孔助的光纤。德拉克的沟助BendBrightXS光纤,该光纤既符合G.657.A标准(与G.652.D完全兼容)又符合G.657.B标准(弯损更小),最小弯曲半径位于1~10mm区间,而且当采用合适的程序与C-SMF的平均熔接损耗低于0.05dB。美国康宁推出的一种基于nanoStructuresTM技术的新型弯曲不敏感光纤--ClearCurveTM光纤,该光纤不仅与G.652.D完全兼容,而且抗弯曲性能比G.657.B规定值高出10倍。欧洲专利申请(申请号:89104889.4,公开号为:0334247A2)提出了一种包层凹陷的阶跃型折射率剖面的光纤,该光纤的模场直径分别为6μm和8μm左右。国际专利申请号为PCT/US2006/035894、公开号为WO2007/040947 A1则提出了一种抛物线型折射率分布的弯曲损耗不敏感光纤。申请号为US2008/0056654A1的美国专利则发明了一种三包层且第二包层具有一定凹陷的折射率分布的弯曲损耗不敏感光纤。申请号为200610051922.0、公开号为CN1971321A的我国专利申请则发明了一种超细低水峰抗弯损光纤。
改善光纤的弯曲性能还可以从改善光纤的涂敷树脂层的性能着手。如申请号为03124078.x、公开号为CN1542473A的我国专利申请提出了一种具有特殊树脂层的高弯曲模量的光纤,又如德拉克的ColorLockTM的涂层工艺也增强了光纤的微弯性能及可靠性。
上述提及的各种现有技术中,分别通过改进光纤的结构、光纤的折射率剖面、光纤的涂敷树脂层等不同的方式对光纤的弯曲性能进行了改进,但其中很多都难以满足ITU.T G657规定的传输性能的要求,而有些能满足传输要求的光纤则结构相对复杂,实现的工艺难度大、制造成本高。本发明要解决的问题是,寻找一种结构相对简单、工艺相对容易,同时又能满足国际ITU.T组织提出的G.657系列光纤标准的新型弯曲不敏感单模光纤。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题和提出的技术任务是克服现有技术存在的光纤的损耗对光纤的弯曲比较敏感,不能满足诸如FTTH局域网的复杂的施工要求的矛盾,通过对光纤结构的特殊设计,提供一种结构简单、制作容易,光纤的损耗对其弯曲不敏感,且光纤的允许弯曲半径最小可达到7.5mm、满足ITU.T G657系列要求的、可用于局域网和接入网传输的单模光纤。为此,本发明的主要内容和技术方案如下:
弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,由横截面为圆形的裸玻璃光纤以及包围在该裸玻璃光纤外周的两个圆环形的树脂保护层构成,其特征是所述裸玻璃光纤由一个芯层和两个包层组成,所述芯层的折射率高于两个包层的折射率,且所述芯层与第一包层的折射率差大于第一包层与第二包层的折射率差,第二包层为纯SiO2组成,芯层的折射率剖面呈特定的幂函数分布,两个包层的折射率剖面均呈阶梯型分布;
所述的芯层与第一包层的折射率差在0.0033~0.0072之间;第一包层与第二包层的折射率差在-0.0016~0之间;芯层的厚度在2.7~4.1μm之间;第一包层厚度在0.5~2.3μm之间;第二包层的厚度在56.7~59.8μm之间。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步完善和补充,本发明还包括以下附加技术特征:
或者,所述的芯层与第一包层的折射率差(Δ1)在0.0034~0.0045之间;第一包层与第二包层的折射率差(Δ2)在-0.0006~0之间;芯层的厚度在3.5~4.0μm之间;第一包层的厚度在0.5~1.9μm之间;第二包层的厚度在56.6~58.5μm之间。此时,成品光纤在1310nm波长下的模场直径(MFD)在8.6±0.4μm之间,其截止波长(λc)在1180~1330nm之间;以15mm半松绕10圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.25dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<1.0dB;以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.75dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<1.5dB。
或者,所述的芯层与第一包层的折射率差(Δ1)在0.0058~0.0072之间;第一包层与第二包层的折射率差(Δ2)在-0.0016~-0.0008之间;芯层的厚度在2.8~3.2μm之间;第一包层的厚度在0.8~2.1μm之间;第二包层的厚度在57.1~58.9μm之间。此时,成品光纤在1310nm波长下的模场直径(MFD)在6.5±0.5μm之间,其截止波长(λc)在1180~1330nm之间;以15mm半松绕10圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.03dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.1dB;以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.1dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.2dB;以7.5mm半松绕1圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.5dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<1.0dB。
所述裸玻璃光纤的直径在124.3~125.7μm之间;第一树脂保护层的厚度为38±1μm,杨氏模量为1.1±0.1MPa,弹性模量为1.6±0.1MPa;第二树脂保护层(13)的厚度22±1μm,杨氏模量为700±50MPa,弹性模量为1200±100MPa;成品光纤的直径为242±7μm。
所述的芯层靠近中心部分区域的折射率剖面的分布幂函数的幂指数在3~5之间,靠近第一包层部分区域的折射率剖面的分布幂函数的幂指数在-9~-8之间。
本发明的单模光纤可由掺杂的石英玻璃构成裸玻璃光纤的芯层、由石英玻璃构成裸玻璃光纤的包层以及由树脂构成的内外两层树脂保护层,其中裸玻璃光纤的芯层和包层具有独特的结构:光纤的芯层为掺杂Ge或P或其他可增加折射率的化学元素的、折射率相对较高的区域;第一包层为纯SiO2层或掺杂F或S或其他可降低折射率的化学元素的区域;第二包层即光纤的外包层为纯SiO2层。裸玻璃光纤的外径为125±1μm(芯层、第一包层、第二包层的总和即是裸玻璃光纤外径,制造中通过调整第二包层来确保三层总和也即裸玻璃光纤的尺寸)。成品光纤的直径为242±7μm。
制造这种光纤时,先根据设计的折射率剖面,即芯层的折射率、厚度,第一包层的折射率、厚度,第二包层的厚度等参数,确定各层掺杂的组分,再分别以气相沉积法(MCVD)(或等离子化学气相沉积法PCVD,或外部气相沉积法OVD,或纵向气相沉积法VAD等)制造符合设计要求的光纤预制棒的芯棒,以外部气相沉积(OVD)(或上述的VAD,或上述的MCVD,或上述的PCVD,或套管法RIC等方法)制造包围在芯棒外周的两个包层从而得到光纤预制棒,最后再在拉丝塔上将该光纤预制棒拉制成裸玻璃光纤,该裸玻璃光纤经两次紫外光固化树脂涂覆形成设计尺寸的两个包层;最后经一系列机械、光学和化学筛选后卷盘成为单模光纤成品。
本发明的有益效果是通过对裸玻璃光纤的芯层和包层进行合理的设计,实现了在工艺上可行、制造公差要求较为宽松、制造成本较为低廉并能完全满足当今有关G.657光纤标准且适用于诸如FTTH等的局域网和接入网的弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤。
随着光纤通信业务的进一步推广,特别是光纤到户(FTTH)等工程的实施,光纤的抗弯曲性能得到了越来越广泛的重视,它是当今和未来考察光纤性能的重要指标之一。改善光纤的弯曲性能可以从光纤的结构、组成和涂敷树脂层着手,本发明从光纤的结构和组成两方面对光纤的芯层进行了关键性的设计,使光纤的芯层呈幂函数分布,并在第一包层引入一定程度的折射率凹陷(Δ2在-0.0016~0之间),从而降低了本发明的光纤对光纤弯曲的敏感性,获得了优异的弯曲不敏感性能。
已知的研究表明,无论是宏弯损耗还是微弯损耗都随着光纤MAC值的增加而增加。MAC值是模场直径(MFD)和截止波长(λc)的比值,其定义如式(1)所示:
MAC=MFD/λc                    (1)
据此,本发明中通过对裸玻璃光纤芯层、包层的尺寸和折射率分布的特殊设计,降低了光纤的MFD并增加了光纤的λc,从而实现了光纤抗弯曲损耗性能的提高。
本发明的光纤具有独特的折射率剖面、波导性能和弯曲不敏感性能:MAC值不超过7.5;零色散波长在1180~1330nm之间,零色散斜率不大于0.092ps/(nm2·km),截至波长在1200~1400nm之间。与G.652光纤相比,其对光纤的弯曲的敏感性大大降低,可将光纤的允许弯曲半径由30mm降低到10mm,甚至7.5mm,从而降低了局域网和接入网施工的难度和成本。
附图说明
图1A和1B分别是本发明的单模光纤(10)的横截面示意图和裸玻璃光纤(11)的横截面示意图。
图2是图1中裸玻璃光纤(11)的折射率剖面结构示意图。
图3是图1中裸玻璃光纤(11)折射率剖面结构的另一示意图。
图4所示为本发明光纤芯层厚度(a)与光纤模场直径(MFD)之间的关系曲线。
图5所示为本发明光纤芯层厚度(a)与光纤截至波长(λc)之间的关系曲线。
图6所示为本发明光纤芯层厚度(a)与光纤MAC值之间的关系曲线。
图7所示为本发明光纤芯层折射率差(Δ1)与光纤模场直径(MFD)之间的关系曲线。
图8所示为本发明光纤芯层折射率差(Δ1)与光纤截至波长(λc)之间的关系曲线。
图9所示为本发明光纤芯层折射率差(Δ1)与光纤MAC值之间的关系曲线。
图10所示为本发明光纤第一包层折射率差(Δ2)与光纤模场直径(MFD)之间的关系曲线。
图11所示为本发明光纤第一包层折射率差(Δ2)与光纤截至波长(λc)之间的关系曲线。
图12所示为本发明光纤第一包层折射率差(Δ2)与光纤MAC值之间的关系曲线。
图13所示为本发明光纤第一包层厚度(b)与光纤模场直径(MFD)之间的关系曲线。
图14所示为本发明光纤第一包层厚度(b)与光纤截至波长(λc)之间的关系曲线。
图15所示为本发明光纤第一包层厚度(b)与光纤MAC值之间的关系曲线。
图16所示为以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,本发明光纤MAC值与光纤在1550nm波长下的弯曲损耗之间的关系曲线。
具体实施方式
参照图1A,单模光纤即成品光纤定义为10。其结构包括:分布在单模光纤10中心的横截面为圆形的裸玻璃光纤11,以及依次包围在单模光纤11外周的横截面为圆环形的第一树脂保护层12、和第二树脂保护层13,该二树脂保护层均为聚丙烯酸树脂材料,可通过紫外线固化或其它方法固化制得。参照图1B,裸玻璃光纤11包括横截面为圆形的芯层111、横截面为圆环形的折射率凹陷的第一包层112和横截面为圆环形的由纯SiO2组成的第二包层113,第二包层113也可称为外包层。
本发明可以采用气相轴线沉积工艺(VAD)(也可用PCVD、OVD、MCVD或其他类似方法代替)制备得到具有图2所示折射率剖面结构的光纤预制棒的芯棒,然后再以OVD(也可用PCVD、VAD、MCVD或其他类似方法代替)技术制造纯SiO2的外包层,或采用RIC技术在芯棒周边包上外包层,从而制备得到光纤预制棒。具体工艺如下所述:
利用VAD(或PCVD、MCVD、OVD等)结合OVD(或PCVD、MCVD、OVD等)的方法制造光纤预制棒:在VAD等芯棒制造工艺中,通过在喷灯的SiCl4原料中掺杂GeCl4以适当的提高芯层111的折射率差Δ1,并通过沉积时间和原料流量等参数控制芯层111的沉积层尺寸(具体为厚度a);通过调整S(或F等)的掺杂量以调整第一包层112的折射率差Δ2的大小,并通过沉积时间和原料流量等参数控制第一包层112的沉积层尺寸(具体为厚度b);停止GeCl4供料,以纯SiCl4为原料对沉积层继续喷涂以制造第二包层113的部分厚度,并通过沉积时间和原料流量等参数控制第一包层113的沉积层尺寸,该步沉积中,第二包层113厚度不小于a和b之和的4.5倍,以制备得到芯棒。然后,根据上述所得芯棒的尺寸推算光纤第三包层113另一部分的厚度,再采用OVD等包层技术,以SiCl4为原料在芯棒外周沉积一层SiO2粉尘,经玻璃化炉烧结成透明的玻璃体,即得到光纤预制棒。
采用VAD(或PCVD、MCVD、OVD等)结合RIC法制造光纤预制棒的工艺是:根据选用套管的尺寸计算所需芯棒的尺寸,并计算出芯包折射率剖面结构中各层的几何尺寸和折射率;采用上述VAD等相同的方法制造芯棒;采用RIC技术,将芯棒的外表面和套管的内表面用一定浓度(如35%)的氢氟酸(或其他可替代的化学试剂)清洗干净;再将芯棒一端在切割机上加工2~4个导气槽并将芯棒插入与之匹配的外套管中;将带有芯棒的套管的两端接上石英结尾管,然后安置在MCVD或PCVD机床上加热使套管收缩到芯棒上形成光纤预制棒。收缩过程中使套管和芯包之间的空间保持负压,收缩时内部的空气随芯棒一端的导气槽排出。
将上述不同工艺制备得到的光纤预制棒在纺丝机上进行纺丝,同时涂覆两层不同硬度的聚丙烯酸树脂形成第一树脂保护层12、和第二树脂保护层13即得单模光纤10。
参照图1,在本发明中,具有此种结构的G.657光纤,要求芯层111折射率差Δ1在0.0033~0.0072之间,允许误差为±2.3%;芯层111的厚度a在2.7~4.1μm之间,允许误差为±3.3%。第一包层112折射率差Δ2在-0.0016~0之间,允许误差为±2.0%;第一包层112的厚度b在0.5~2.3μm之间,允许误差为±2.0%。第二包层113为纯SiO2层,其折射率差为0;第二包层厚度c在56.7~59.8μm之间,允许误差为±0.8%。第二包层113的厚度c可在预制棒制造完成后通过抛光等措施适当修正,因此对产品的合格率无太大影响。裸玻璃光纤11的直径在124.0~126.0μm之间,第一树脂保护层12的厚度约38μm,杨氏模量为1.1MPa,弹性模量为1.6MPa;第二树脂保护层13的厚度约22μm,杨氏模量为700MPa,弹性模量为1200MPa;成品光纤的直径控制在242±7μm。芯层111折射率差Δ1、第一包层112折射率差Δ2分别用以下公式计算得到:
Δ 1 = n 1 - n 2 n 1 × 100 % - - - ( 2 )
Δ 2 = n 2 - n 0 n 2 × 100 % - - - ( 3 )
式中n0为纯SiO2的折射率,n1为芯层的折射率,n2为第一包层的折射率。
参照图2和图3,本发明的单模光纤具有独特的折射率剖面结构。芯层111的折射率剖面呈幂函数分布,靠近光纤中心部分区域的折射率剖面的分布函数的幂指数在3~5之间,靠近第一包层部分区域的折射率剖面的分布函数的幂指数在-9~-8之间。第一包层112可以有一定的折射率凹陷或没有折射率凹陷(所述折射率凹陷反映在折射率剖面上如图2中为曲线形成凹陷状),当有折射率凹陷时呈阶梯型分布。第二包层113呈阶梯型分布。
上述光纤的结构和性能的关系曲线如图4~图16所示。
图4所示的曲线呈不规则的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤模场直径(MFD)随光纤芯层厚度a增大而呈现出先增加后减小,然后再增加的变化趋势。
图5所示的曲线呈近似幂函数分布的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤的截止波长λc随光纤芯层厚度a的增大而显示出不断增加的变化关系。
图6所示的曲线呈近似抛物线的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤的MAC值随光纤芯层厚度a的增大而先增加后减小的变化关系。
图7所示的曲线呈近似对数函数分布的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤模场直径MFD随光纤芯层折射率差Δ1的增大而不断减小的变化关系。
图8所示的曲线呈近似直线的形状,显示出本发明单模光纤的截止波长λc随光纤芯层折射率差Δ1的增大而不断增大的变化关系。
图9所示的曲线呈近似对数函数分布的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤MAC值随光纤芯层折射率差Δ1的增大而不断减小的变化关系。
图10所示的曲线呈不规则的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤的模场直径MFD随光纤第一包层折射率差Δ2的增大而不断增大的变化关系。
图11所示的曲线呈不规则的形状曲线,显示出本发明单模光纤的截止波长λc随光纤第一包层折射率差Δ2的增大而减小的变化关系,且当Δ2<-0.001是这种变化关系基本是线性的。
图12所示的曲线呈近似幂函数分布的曲线形状,显示出本发明单模光纤MAC值随光纤第一包层折射率差Δ2的增大而不断增大的变化关系。
图13所示的曲线呈近似直线的形状,显示出本发明光单模纤模场直径MFD随光纤第一包层厚度b的增大而呈现出不断减小的变化趋势。
图14所示的曲线呈近直线的形状,显示出本发明光纤的截止波长λc随光纤第一包层厚度b的增大而不断增加的变化关系。
图15所示的曲线呈近似直线的形状,显示出本发明单模光纤的MAC值随光纤第一包层厚度b的增大而不断减小的变化关系。
图16所示的分布图呈不断上升的趋势,显示出本发明单模光纤的弯曲损耗随MAC增大而不断增大的变化关系。
实施例1:
采用VAD技术制造芯棒,OVD(或RIC)技术制造外包层的工艺制造光纤预制棒。在沉积芯层111时,在原料SiCl4中掺杂一量定的GeCl4使芯层折射率差Δ1在632.8nm波长下的值为0.0038;在沉积第一包层112和部分第二包层113时,使用纯SiCl4原料。通过控制喷灯流量和沉积时间将各层厚度控制为:芯层111厚度为3.72μm;第一包层112层厚度为1.10μm;第二包层113层厚度在57.76μm。通过控制拉丝速度、滴头温度等将裸玻璃光纤直径控制在125.15μm;第一树脂保护层12和第二树脂保护层13涂覆树脂的厚度分别为37.4μm和21.8μm;最终成品光纤直径为243.55μm;通过树脂和固化条件的控制使得第一树脂保护层12和第二树脂保护层13的杨氏模量分别约为1.1MPa和1.6MPa,弹性模量分别为700MPa和1200MPa。本实施例光纤的各性能参数如下:零色散波长λ0为1.313μm;截至波长λc为1.228μm;在色散斜率系数S0为0.0878ps/nm2/km;在1310nm波长下的模场直径为8.55μm;在1288nm~1339nm的波长范围内,色散系数的最大绝对值2.29ps/nm/km;在1271nm~1360nm的波长范围内,色散系数的最大绝对值3.89ps/nm/km;在1310nm下的抗弯损特征参量MAC值为6.96;以15mm半松绕10圈测量时,在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗0.08dB,在1625nm波长下的损耗0.017dB;以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.021dB,在1625nm波长下的损耗0.05dB。本实施例光纤符合ITU.T G.657.A的光纤标准,该光纤的模场直径与G.652系列的光纤相当,可与现有传输网络很好的相容,可用于光纤到户等局域网的传输系统。
实施例2
采用VAD技术制造芯棒,OVD(或RIC)技术制造外包层的工艺制造光纤预制棒。在沉积芯层111时,在原料SiCl4中掺杂一量定的GeCl4使芯层折射率差Δ1在632.8nm波长下的值为0.0065;在沉积第一包层112时,在原料SiCl4中掺杂一量定的CF4使112层折射率差Δ2在632.8nm波长下的值为-0.0009;在沉积部分第二包层113时,使用纯SiCl4原料。通过控制喷灯流量和沉积时间将各层厚度控制为:芯层111厚度为2.96μm;第一包层112层厚度为1.69μm;第二包层113层厚度在57.87μm。通过控制拉丝速度、滴头温度等将裸玻璃光纤直径控制在125.03μm;第一涂层12和第二涂层13涂覆树脂的厚度分别为36.1μm和23.8μm;最终成品光纤直径为245.02μm;通过树脂和固化条件的控制使得第一树脂保护层12和第二树脂保护层13的杨氏模量分别约为1.1MPa和1.6MPa,弹性模量分别约为700MPa和1200MPa。本实施例光纤的各性能参数如下:截至波长λc为1.248μm;在1310nm波长下的模场直径为6.71μm;在1310nm下的抗弯损特征参量(MAC)值为5.37;在1310nm下的衰减系数0.368dB/km;在1550nm下的衰减系数0.205dB/km;在1625nm下的衰减系数0.209dB/km;在1310nm下的衰减不连续性0.01dB/km;在1550nm下的衰减不连续性0.01dB/km;以15mm半松绕10圈测量时,在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗0.002dB,在1625nm波长下的损耗0.015dB;以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.002dB,在1625nm波长下的损耗0.013dB,以7.5mm半松绕1圈测量时,在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.004dB,在1625nm波长下的损耗0.013dB。本实施例光纤符合ITU.T G.657.B的光纤标准,该光纤具有更小的模场直径和更好弯曲不敏感性能,特别适合FTTX(光纤到户、光纤到楼宇、光纤到路边)等的接入网的传输系统。
需要特别指出的是,上述实施例的方式仅限于描述实施例,但本发明不只局限于上述方式,且本领域的技术人员据此可在不脱离本发明的范围内方便的进行修饰,因此本发明的范围应包括本发明所揭示的原理和新特征的最大范围。

Claims (7)

1.弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,由横截面为圆形的裸玻璃光纤(11)以及包围在该裸玻璃光纤(11)外周的两个横截面为圆环形的树脂保护层(12、13)构成,其特征是所述裸玻璃光纤(11)由一个横截面为圆形的芯层(111)和两个横截面为圆环形的包层(112、113)组成,所述芯层(111)的折射率高于两个包层(112、113)的折射率,且所述芯层(111)与第一包层(112)的折射率差(Δ1)大于第一包层(112)与第二包层(113)的折射率差(Δ2),第二包层为纯SiO2组成,芯层(111)的折射率剖面呈幂函数分布,两个包层的折射率剖面均呈阶梯型分布;
所述的芯层(111)与第一包层(112)的折射率差(Δ1)在0.0033~0.0072之间;第一包层(112)与第二包层(113)的折射率差(Δ2)在-0.0016~0之间;芯层的厚度(a)在2.7~4.1μm之间;第一包层(112)的厚度(b)在0.5~2.3μm之间;第二包层(113)的厚度(c)在56.7~59.8μm之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,其特征是所述裸玻璃光纤(11)的直径在124.3~125.7μm之间;第一树脂保护层(12)的厚度为38±1μm,杨氏模量为1.1±0.1MPa,弹性模量为1.6±0.1MPa;第二树脂保护层(13)的厚度为22±1μm,杨氏模量为700±50MPa,弹性模量为1200±100MPa;成品光纤的直径为242±7μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,其特征是所述的芯层(111)与第一包层(112)的折射率差(Δ1)在0.0058~0.0072之间;第一包层(112)与第二包层(113)的折射率差(Δ2)在-0.0016~-0.0008之间;芯层的厚度在2.8~3.2μm之间;第一包层(112)的厚度在0.8~2.1μm之间;第二包层(113)的厚度在57.1~58.9μm之间;裸玻璃光纤的外径为125±1μm;成品光纤的直径为242±7μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,其特征是成品光纤在1310nm波长下的模场直径(MFD)在6.5±0.5μm之间,其截止波长(λc)在1180~1330nm之间;以15mm半松绕10圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.03dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.1dB;以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.1dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.2dB;以7.5mm半松绕1圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.5dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<1.0dB。
5.根据权利要求1所述的弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,其特征是所述的芯层(111)靠近中心部分区域的折射率剖面的分布幂函数的幂指数在3~5之间,靠近第一包层(112)部分区域的折射率剖面的分布幂函数的幂指数在-9~-8之间。
6.弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,由横截面为圆形的裸玻璃光纤(11)以及包围在该裸玻璃光纤(11)外周的两个横截面为圆环形的树脂保护层(12、13)构成,其特征是所述裸玻璃光纤(11)由一个横截面为圆形的芯层(111)和两个横截面为圆环形的包层(112、113)组成,所述芯层(111)的折射率高于两个包层(112、113)的折射率,且所述芯层(111)与第一包层(112)的折射率差(Δ1)大于第一包层(112)与第二包层(113)的折射率差(Δ2),第二包层为纯SiO2组成,芯层(111)的折射率剖面呈幂函数分布,两个包层的折射率剖面均呈阶梯型分布;所述的芯层(111)与第一包层(112)的折射率差(Δ1)在0.0034~0.0045之间;第一包层(112)与第二包层(113)的折射率差(Δ2)在-0.0006~0之间;芯层的厚度在3.5~4.0μm之间;第一包层(112)的厚度在0.5~1.9μm之间;第二包层(113)的厚度在56.6~58.5μm之间;裸玻璃光纤的外径为125±1μm;成品光纤的直径为242±7μm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的弯曲损耗不敏感的单模光纤,其特征是成品光纤在1310nm波长下的模场直径(MFD)在8.6±0.4μm之间,其截止波长(λc)在1180~1330nm之间;以15mm半松绕10圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.25dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<1.0dB;以10mm半松绕1圈测量时,成品光纤在1550nm波长下的宏弯损耗<0.75dB,在1625nm波长下的宏弯损耗<1.5dB。
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