CN102351415A - 一种保偏光纤制造方法及保偏光纤 - Google Patents

一种保偏光纤制造方法及保偏光纤 Download PDF

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CN102351415A
CN102351415A CN2011101682521A CN201110168252A CN102351415A CN 102351415 A CN102351415 A CN 102351415A CN 2011101682521 A CN2011101682521 A CN 2011101682521A CN 201110168252 A CN201110168252 A CN 201110168252A CN 102351415 A CN102351415 A CN 102351415A
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glass
polarization maintaining
stress rods
optical fibre
maintaining optical
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陈伟
李诗愈
柯一礼
莫琦
胡福明
罗文勇
黄文俊
杜城
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WUHAN WAR SHARP LIGHT TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
    • C03B37/01217—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of polarisation-maintaining optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/30—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
    • C03B2203/31—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres by use of stress-imparting rods, e.g. by insertion

Abstract

一种保偏光纤制造方法及保偏光纤，涉及光纤通信及光纤传感领域的光学波导纤维，包括如下步骤：(1)玻璃母棒由侧表面向内开设两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽，将应力棒加工成与所述开槽相配合的形状，且所述两个开槽横截面的中心与玻璃母棒横截面的圆心位于同一直线；(2)将所述应力棒分别插入玻璃母棒的每个开槽内，所述玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后装入套管内，形成保偏光纤预制棒；(3)将所述保偏光纤预制棒拉制成保偏光纤。所述其玻璃母棒设有开槽，应力棒嵌入开槽内，工艺重复性较高，开槽内表面光洁度高，开槽对称性好，提高了加工效率，保偏光纤的光学性能与可靠性得到显著提高。

Description

一种保偏光纤制造方法及保偏光纤
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤通信及光纤传感领域的光学波导纤维，尤其涉及一种保偏光纤制造方法及保偏光纤。
背景技术
标准单模光纤传输的横向空间模式HE11，实际上是两个正交模式HE11 x和HE11 y的简并模式，此种模式下模态传输常数βx≈βy。而实际的单模光纤由于几何尺寸并非理想的圆形，以及外界应力作用、弯曲和扭转等因素的影响，导致模态简并的破坏，两种模态传输常数βx和βy不同，从而产生模态双折射(几何双折射和应力双折射)，导致正交模分量间产生相位差，以及产生传输的时延差，即偏振模色散。
保偏光纤就是人为地引入双折射，使正交模态之间传播常数差Δβ(Δβ＝βx-βy)增大，减小模态的耦合，从而维持光在光纤中传输的偏振状态。
90年代以来，保偏光纤偏振器技术研究取得了重大突破，为相关的光纤传感器的实用化提供了技术保障，并且随着电子信息技术的进步，光纤陀螺、光纤偏振器、光纤偏振耦合器、波分复用器、调制器、水听器等对偏振保持光纤的需求量越来越大。目前，已存在的几种类型的保偏光纤中，应力施加型的保偏光纤包括熊猫型(panda)、蝴蝶结型(bow-tie)、椭圆纤芯型(elliptical core)、椭圆包层型(ellipticalclad)及椭圆套层型(elliptical jacket)等。在这些保偏光纤类型中，熊猫型的制作工艺较为简单，且具较为优良的偏振保持特性和较低的损耗。
如附图1所示，为传统熊猫型保偏光纤的结构图，其芯层a的轴线与包层b的轴线重合，两个应力棒单元s分别位于芯层a的两侧，且两个应力棒单元s的轴线与芯层a的轴线位于同一平面。
现有技术中熊猫保偏光纤的制造工艺主要采用管套棒(RIT)法或者钻孔法。管套棒法是通过将芯棒和应力棒装在套管中然后加温拉丝成纤，如CN99127132.7中所介绍的熊猫保偏光纤的制备方法，但是管套棒法在拉丝过程中，波导结构容易变形，不同熊猫保偏光纤精度不容易统一，工艺重复性差，不适合大批量生产。而机械钻孔法是保偏光纤常见的制造方法，通过在预制棒中机械钻出两个圆柱形孔，然后将应力棒插入到圆孔中而形成。但是钻孔需要高精度的机械精加工，由于精度的关系，稍微有所偏差就会造成加工孔的内表面粗糙度高、两个加工孔的对称性差；另外，对钻头的要求较高，钻头较小力度不容易满足，随着加工深度的加大，钻头尖端会有离心力向外甩动，加工孔的出口会大于加工孔的入口，况且加工效率低；综上所述，均会对所加工的保偏光纤的强度与光学性能产生不良影响。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种保偏光纤制造方法及保偏光纤，其玻璃母棒设有开槽，应力棒嵌入开槽内，工艺重复性较高，提高光纤精度，开槽内表面光洁度高，开槽对称性好，提高了加工效率，保偏光纤的光学性能与可靠性得到显著提高。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取一种保偏光纤制造方法，包括如下步骤：(1)玻璃母棒由侧表面向内开设两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽，将应力棒加工成与所述开槽相配合的形状，且所述两个开槽横截面的中心与玻璃母棒横截面的圆心位于同一直线；(2)将所述应力棒分别插入玻璃母棒的每个开槽内，所述玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后装入套管内，形成保偏光纤预制棒；(3)将所述保偏光纤预制棒拉制成保偏光纤。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述在玻璃母棒上开槽和应力棒的加工，二者为任意顺序。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤(1)所述玻璃母棒包括同轴线设置的芯层和套管，所述两个开槽相对设置于芯层的两侧。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述开槽为矩形槽，所述两个开槽的中心线与玻璃母棒的轴线位于同一平面。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤(1)所述两个应力棒均为柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边和一条圆弧边，所述圆弧边与玻璃母棒横截面的边线互补为圆形。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤(2)所述玻璃母棒与应力棒之间形成紧配合，玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后，与套管之间形成紧配合，且配合体之间的尺寸偏差小于0.20mm。
在上述技术方案的基础上，步骤(3)所述的保偏光纤，其在1550nm波长的拍长小于3.50mm，1550nm波长的衰减系数小于0.30dB/km，100m长度的保偏光纤在1550nm波长的偏振串音小于-40dB。
本发明还设计一种保偏光纤，包括玻璃母棒、两个应力棒以及套设于二者之外的套管，所述玻璃母棒由侧边向内设有两个形状相同的开槽，两个开槽相对设置于玻璃母棒的芯层两侧，所述两个应力棒分别嵌入所述开槽内，且所述应力棒与所述开槽形状、大小完全相同，所述两个应力棒的中心线与所述玻璃母棒的中心线位于同一平面。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述两个应力棒均为柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边边和一条圆弧边，所述圆弧边与玻璃母棒横截面的边线互补为圆形。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述玻璃母棒与应力棒之间形成紧配合，玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后，与套管之间形成紧配合，且配合体之间的尺寸偏差小于0.20mm。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)从玻璃母棒的侧表面开槽，利用数控机床加工即可，不需要高精度的机械精加工，开槽内表面光洁度高，加工效率高且成本降低，适合大规模生产；
(2)开槽深度较大，不受钻头大小、长短的限制，开槽前后统一，开槽的对称性好；
综上所述，本发明所述的保偏光纤，具备良好的光学性能与可靠性，具备较短的拍长，较低的衰减，偏振串音性能好。
附图说明
图1为背景技术中传统熊猫型保偏光纤的结构图；
图2为本发明一种保偏光纤制造方法的流程图；
图3为本发明实施例保偏光纤的结构图；
图4为本发明实施例中应力棒的横截面结构图；
图5为本发明实施例中玻璃母棒的横截面结构图。
附图标记：
芯层a，包层b，应力棒单元s；
直角边(i、j、k)，圆弧边n，玻璃母棒e，芯层f，开槽g，应力棒s，套管h。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图2和图5所示，本发明一种保偏光纤制造方法包括如下步骤：
(1)玻璃母棒e由侧表面向内开设两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽g，将应力棒s加工成与所述开槽g相配合的形状，且所述两个开槽g横截面的中心与玻璃母棒e横截面的圆心位于同一直线。所述玻璃母棒e包括同轴线设置的芯层f，所述两个开槽g相对设置于芯层f的两侧。其中，在玻璃母棒e上开槽和应力棒s的加工，二者之间为任意顺序，还可以同时分别进行。
(2)将所述应力棒s分别插入玻璃母棒的每个开槽g内，所述玻璃母棒e与应力棒s组合后装入套管h内，形成保偏光纤预制棒。所述玻璃母棒e与应力棒s之间形成紧配合，玻璃母棒e与应力棒s组合后，与套管h之间形成紧配合，且配合体之间的尺寸偏差小于0.20mm。
(3)将所述保偏光纤预制棒拉制成保偏光纤，所述保偏光纤在1550nm波长的拍长小于3.50mm，1550nm波长的衰减系数小于0.30dB/km，100m长度的保偏光纤在1550nm波长的偏振串音小于-40dB。
如图5所示，本发明的保偏光纤包括玻璃母棒e、两个应力棒s以及套设于二者之外的套管h，所述玻璃母棒e由侧边向内设有两个形状相同的开槽g，两个开槽g相对设置于玻璃母棒e的芯层f两侧，所述两个应力棒s分别嵌入所述开槽g内，且所述应力棒s与所述开槽g形状、大小完全相同，所述两个应力棒s的中心线与所述玻璃母棒e的中心线位于同一平面。
下面通过3个具体实施例来详细描述本发明。
实施例1
如图2至图5所示，将玻璃母棒e加工成柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边i、j、k和一条圆弧边n，其中，直角边j、k相互平行，长度均为15.10mm，直角边i分别连接直角边j、k的一端，长度为16.80mm。所述圆弧边n与玻璃母棒e横截面的边线互补为圆形，圆弧边n的曲率半径为21.60mm。将芯层直径为3.79mm，包层直径为43.20mm石英玻璃母棒e由侧表面向内加工两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽g，开槽g的尺寸与应力棒s的尺寸相配合，配合误差为0.12mm，所述两个开槽g的中心线与母棒e的轴线位于同一平面。所述，母棒e横截面的圆心C2、两个槽孔g横截面的中心点C1和C3在同一直线上。
然后将两根应力棒s分别插入母棒e的开槽g中，插好后，再插入外径为60mm的玻璃套管h中，h套管与开槽母棒的配合间隙为0.16mm，从而组合成如图5所示的保偏光纤预制棒。
最后将所述保偏光纤预制棒置于拉丝塔上，在1900℃左右温度下拉丝成直径包层直径为125微米，涂层直径为246微米的保偏光纤，该光纤测试的主要指标见表-1所示。
表-1保偏光纤性能指标
  技术指标   数值   单位
  工作波长   1550   nm
  截止波长   1360   nm
  模场直径(1550nm)   10.50   μm
  衰减(1550nm)   0.22   dB/km
  拍长(1550nm)   3.2   mm
  偏振串音(100m光纤)   -43   dB
实施例2
如图2至图5所示，将玻璃母棒e加工成柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边i、j、k和一条圆弧边n，其中，直角边j、k相互平行，长度均为17.62mm，直角边i分别连接直角边j、k的一端，长度为19.60mm。所述圆弧边n与玻璃母棒e横截面的边线互补为圆形，圆弧边n的曲率半径为25.20mm。将芯层直径为4.42mm，包层直径为50.40mm石英玻璃母棒e由侧表面向内加工两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽g，开槽g的尺寸与应力棒s的尺寸相配合，配合误差为0.15mm，所述两个开槽g的中心线与母棒e的轴线位于同一平面。所述，母棒e横截面的圆心C2、两个槽孔g横截面的中心点C1和C3在同一直线上。
然后将两根应力棒s分别插入母棒e的开槽g中，插好后，再插入外径为70mm的玻璃套管h中，h套管与开槽母棒的配合间隙为0.18mm，从而组合成如图5所示的保偏光纤预制棒。
最后将所述保偏光纤预制棒置于拉丝塔上，在1900℃左右温度下拉丝成直径包层直径为125微米，涂层直径为245微米的保偏光纤，该光纤测试的主要指标见表-2所示。
表-2保偏光纤性能指标
  技术指标   数值   单位
  工作波长   1550/1310   nm
  截止波长   1290   nm
  模场直径(1550nm)   9.56   μm
  衰减(1550nm)   0.28   dB/km
  拍长(1550nm)   3.0   mm
  偏振串音(100m光纤)   -51   dB
实施例3
如图2至图5所示，将玻璃母棒e加工成柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边i、j、k和一条圆弧边n，其中，直角边j、k相互平行，长度均为16.36mm，直角边i分别连接直角边j、k的一端，长度为18.20mm。所述圆弧边n与玻璃母棒e横截面的边线互补为圆形，圆弧边n的曲率半径为23.40mm。将芯层直径为4.10mm，包层直径为46.80mm石英玻璃母棒e由侧表面向内加工两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽g，开槽g的尺寸与应力棒s的尺寸相配合，配合误差为0.12mm，所述两个开槽g的中心线与母棒e的轴线位于同一平面。所述，母棒e横截面的圆心C2、两个槽孔g横截面的中心点C1和C3在同一直线上。
然后将两根应力棒s分别插入母棒e的开槽g中，插好后，再插入外径为65mm的玻璃套管h中，h套管与开槽母棒的配合间隙为0.17mm，从而组合成如图5所示的保偏光纤预制棒。
最后将所述保偏光纤预制棒置于拉丝塔上，在1900℃左右温度下拉丝成直径包层直径为125微米，涂层直径为245微米的保偏光纤，该光纤测试的主要指标见表-3所示。
表-3保偏光纤性能指标
  技术指标   数值   单位
  工作波长   1550/1310   nm
  截止波长   1280   nm
  模场直径(1550nm)   9.62   μm
  衰减(1550nm)   0.23   dB/km
  拍长(1550nm)   3.0   mm
  偏振串音(100m光纤)   -46   dB
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (10)

1.一种保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)玻璃母棒由侧表面向内开设两个相对设置、形状相同的开槽，将应力棒加工成与所述开槽相配合的形状，且所述两个开槽横截面的中心与玻璃母棒横截面的圆心位于同一直线；
(2)将所述应力棒分别插入玻璃母棒的每个开槽内，所述玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后装入套管内，形成保偏光纤预制棒；
(3)将所述保偏光纤预制棒拉制成保偏光纤。
2.如权利要求1所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，所述在玻璃母棒上开槽和应力棒的加工，二者为任意顺序。
3.如权利要求1所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述玻璃母棒包括同轴线设置的芯层和套管，所述两个开槽相对设置于芯层的两侧。
4.如权利要求3所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：所述开槽为矩形槽，所述两个开槽的中心线与玻璃母棒的轴线位于同一平面。
5.如权利要求1所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述两个应力棒均为柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边和一条圆弧边，所述圆弧边与玻璃母棒横截面的边线互补为圆形。
6.如权利要求1所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述玻璃母棒与应力棒之间形成紧配合，玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后，与套管之间形成紧配合，且配合体之间的尺寸偏差小于0.20mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)所述的保偏光纤，其在1550nm波长的拍长小于3.50mm，1550nm波长的衰减系数小于0.30dB/km，100m长度的保偏光纤在1550nm波长的偏振串音小于-40dB。
8.一种保偏光纤，包括玻璃母棒、两个应力棒以及套设于二者之外的套管，其特征在于：所述玻璃母棒由侧边向内设有两个形状相同的开槽，两个开槽相对设置于玻璃母棒的芯层两侧，所述两个应力棒分别嵌入所述开槽内，且所述应力棒与所述开槽形状、大小完全相同，所述两个应力棒的中心线与所述玻璃母棒的中心线位于同一平面。
9.如权利要求8所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：所述两个应力棒均为柱体，其横截面包括三条直角边边和一条圆弧边，所述圆弧边与玻璃母棒横截面的边线互补为圆形。
10.如权利要求9所述的保偏光纤制造方法，其特征在于：所述玻璃母棒与应力棒之间形成紧配合，玻璃母棒与应力棒组合后，与套管之间形成紧配合，且配合体之间的尺寸偏差小于0.20mm。
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Application publication date: 20120215