CN103795525B - 数据加密的方法 - Google Patents

数据加密的方法 Download PDF

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CN103795525B
CN103795525B CN201210429367.6A CN201210429367A CN103795525B CN 103795525 B CN103795525 B CN 103795525B CN 201210429367 A CN201210429367 A CN 201210429367A CN 103795525 B CN103795525 B CN 103795525B
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data
encryption
initial data
finite field
length
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CN103795525A (zh
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陈昱嘉
廖振宏
王莅君
李仲智
廖盈杰
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Hangzhou Fangzhou Technology Co ltd
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Inventec Pudong Technology Corp
Inventec Corp
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
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    • G06F21/602Providing cryptographic facilities or services

Abstract

本发明提出一种数据加密的方法,适用于云端服务器系统的计算节点装置。首先,接收原始数据。并且,计算加密矩阵的维度。另外,计算加密长度,以依据加密长度依序自原始数据中取出加密长度的数据片段。借由加密矩阵分别对所取出的数据片段进行加密,而获得多个加密片段。本发明重新计算一个加密长度,依据此加密长度将原始数据划分为多个数据片段,使得这些数据片段加密后的膨胀在容忍范围内,解决了数据在加密后所造成的数据膨胀问题。

Description

数据加密的方法
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种保密机制,且特别是有关于一种数据加密的方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着网际网络的快速发展、软件与硬件的技术提升,许多使用者对于信息服务的需求越来越高,云端技术很快地发展壮大,并且在许多商业平台布建上获得证实。云端技术代表了规模庞大的运算能力,经由大型的云端服务机房,提供各种软件应用,许多企业不需要投入大量的信息成本,就可以使用到云端服务供应商所提供的强大的处理效能。
云端技术的背后包含了以基础架构即服务(Infrastructure as a Service,IaaS)、平台级服务(Platform as a Service,PaaS),以及软件即服务(Softwareas aService,SaaS)等概念。另外,确保顾客数据的安全性、完整性与私密性变成为近年来使用云端计算服务的使用者最关心的议题之一。
一般而言,可在将数据上传至云端进行储存之前,将数据加密,借以防止数据被窃取。然而,数据在加密之后,通常会造成数据膨胀,导致储存所需的空间加大。
发明内容
本发明提供一种数据加密的方法,可防止加密后的数据过度膨胀。
本发明提出一种数据加密的方法,适用于云端服务器系统的计算节点装置。首先,接收原始数据。并且,计算加密矩阵的维度,以及计算一加密长度,以依据加密长度依序自原始数据中取出多个数据片段。借由加密矩阵分别对所取出的数据片段进行加密,而获得多个加密片段。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述在计算加密长度之后,还可以加密长度作为数据片段的长度,而重新组合原始数据,借以获得重组数据;并且借由加密矩阵对重组数据进行加密,而获得加密阵列。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述在获得加密阵列之后,还可重新组合加密阵列,而获得加密片段。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述计算加密矩阵的维度的步骤中,可基于原始数据的基底,决定有限域(finite field)的幂次方(power),并且依据有限域的幂次方决定加密矩阵的维度。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述上述原始数据的基底与该有限域的幂次方符合第一限制条件2k≧d;其中,k代表有限域的幂次方,d代表原始数据的基底。另外,加密矩阵的维度符合第二限制条,即n<2k,并且n≦r;其中,加密矩阵的维度为n×n,k代表有限域的幂次方,r代表原始数据划分为数据片段的数量。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述计算加密长度步骤是依据有限域的幂次方来计算。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述加密长度与有限域的幂次方之间符合第三限制条件S=k/log2d;其中,S代表加密长度,k代表有限域的幂次方,d代表原始数据的基底。或者,上述第三限制条件包括S≧(1/α)×logd(2k-1);其中,S代表加密长度,k代表有限域的幂次方,d代表原始数据的基底,α代表膨胀容忍值。
基于上述,本发明重新计算一个加密长度,依据此加密长度将原始数据划分为多个数据片段,使得这些数据片段加密后的膨胀在容忍范围内,解决了数据在加密后所造成的数据膨胀问题。
附图说明
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明,其中:
图1是依照本发明一实施例的云端服务器系统的示意图。
图2是依照本发明一实施例的进行云端储存的架构示意图。
图3是依照本发明另一实施例的云端服务器系统的示意图。
图4是依照本发明一实施例的数据加密的方法流程图。
主要元件符号说明:
100:云端服务器系统
110:计算节点装置
120:数据储存中心
210:主机
220:笔记本电脑
230:手机
240:云端储存系统
311:虚拟机器
312:超管理器
310:实体交换器
S405~S420:数据加密的方法各步骤
具体实施方式
在底下各实施例中,云端服务器系统由一个或多个节点来实现,每个节点可分别设置一个或多个节点装置,而每个节点装置例如为电脑主机或服务器等实体装置。所述节点装置还可分类成计算节点装置与储存节点装置。计算节点装置用以提供计算服务。储存节点装置用以提供储存服务,例如储存节点装置中包括一个或多个数据储存中心。上述实体装置依据其用途的不同而具有不同的构件。作为计算节点装置的实体装置包括:具有虚拟技术(Virtual Technology,VT)能力以及大量运算能力的一个或多个处理器、大容量的存储器、通讯单元、并且可选择性地配置高存取速度的储存单元等。而作为储存节点装置的实体装置主要包括高存取速度且为大储存空间的储存单元,另外还包括处理器、存储器、通讯单元等。
图1是依照本发明一实施例的云端服务器系统的示意图。请参照图1,云端服务器系统100包括计算节点装置110与多个数据储存中心120。计算节点装置110在接收到原始数据之后,会对原始数据执行加密程序而获得多个密文片段,并透过网络,分别将这些密文片段储存至多个数据储存中心120。在此,数据储存中心120的数量亦可以为2个或2个以上,可视云端服务器系统100的使用需求来决定。
由另一观点来看,多个数据储存中心120可视为一个云端储存系统,以供使用者上传数据来进行储存。图2是依照本发明一实施例的进行云端储存的架构示意图。请参照图2,云端储存系统240为云端服务器系统100中重要的一环。云端储存系统240例如由多个储存节点装置来实现,每一储存节点装置至少包括一个数据储存中心。即,云端储存系统240是透过多个储存节点装置来实现一个储存容量相当高的储存空间。不同的使用者利用可连网的各式电子装置,如主机210、笔记本电脑220或手机230等,透过网络而将各种数据传送至云端储存系统240进行储存。
底下再举一例来说明云端服务器系统100的其中一种实施方式。图3是依照本发明另一实施例的云端服务器系统的示意图。为求方便说明,在本实施例中仅列举出计算节点装置110,然而,在其他实施例中,云端服务器系统100中可包括两个或两个以上的计算节点装置110。
在此,计算节点装置110包括多个虚拟机器(Virtual Machine,VM)311与超管理器(Hypervisor)312。计算节点装置110是透过实体交换器310而连结至云端储存系统240。在此,云端储存系统240是由一个或多个实体的储存节点装置来实现,其包括多个数据储存中心。
例如,以智慧型网络调变模块(Smart Network Regulator,SNR)而言,考虑到整体硬件资源而将虚拟机器建置于不同的实体机器(计算节点装置110)中,而在同一台实体机器内的虚拟机器透过超管理器310连结管理,并且,云端服务器系统100中所有的实体机器皆透过实体交换器310互相连结。换个角度来看,使用者所租用的虚拟机器是位于云端服务器系统100中的计算节点装置110,而所租用的虚拟机器311透过网络来与云端服务器系统100中的其他节点装置连接。
图4是依照本发明一实施例的数据加密的方法流程图。请同时参照图1及图4,在步骤S405中,透过计算节点装置110来接收原始数据。原始数据例如为图片、档案、音频档、视频档、电子邮件、文件等。例如使用者利用可连网的电子装置,透过网络连线至云端服务器系统100中的计算节点装置110,借以透过在计算节点装置110中所租用的虚拟机器来对原始数据进行底下各处理步骤。
接着,在步骤S410中,计算节点装置110计算加密矩阵的维度。例如,加密矩阵A为n×n的矩阵,并且加密矩阵A所有的系数ai为相异且不等于0。在此,依据原始数据的基底来计算加密矩阵A的维度n,借此可避免加密之后的数据过度膨胀。
之后,在步骤S415中,透过计算节点装置110来计算加密长度,以依序自原始数据中获得多个数据片段。在此,为了解决原始数据在加密后所造成的数据膨胀问题,重新计算一个加密长度,原始数据以加密长度为划分的长度,将原始数据划分为多个数据片段,借以进一步控制数据片段在加密后不会过度膨胀。
然后,在步骤S420中,计算节点装置110借由加密矩阵分别对所取出的数据片段进行加密,而获得多个加密片段。也就是说,计算节点装置110会计算出一个适当的长度(即,加密长度)来将原始数据切割为多个数据片段。之后,借由加密矩阵对各个数据片段进行加密程序而获得多个密文片段。
之后,计算节点装置110透过网络,分别将各密文片段储存至云端服务器系统100中的多个数据储存中心120,或者亦可同时储存在同一个数据储存中心。在此,所述数据储存中心120可以分属于不同的储存节点装置中。即,计算节点装置110透过网络将不同的密文片段储存至不同数据储存中心120。在本实施例中,倘若由原始数据获得p个密文片段,则p个密文片段会分别储存至p个数据储存中心120。
另外,在其他实施例中,亦可将一个以上密文片段储存至同一个数据储存中心120。例如,密文片段1与密文片段2储存至数据储存中心A,密文片段3与密文片段4储存至数据储存中心B等,以此类推。在其他实施例中,亦可以在不将所有的密文片段储存在同一个数据储存中心120的情况下来分散储存密文片段。
底下再详细来说明数据加密的演算法,计算节点装置110在接收到基底为d的原始数据b之后,执行底下步骤。
首先,基于原始数据的基底d,决定有限域(finite field)的幂次方(power)k。在此,基底d与有限域的幂次方k符合第一限制条件,即2k≥d。
并且,依据有限域的幂次方k决定加密矩阵A的维度n。另外,依据有限域的幂次方k,计算加密长度S,以及依据加密长度S,将原始数据b重新组合获得重组阵列b'。假设计算节点装置110接收到基底为d的原始数据b,以阵列表示为b=(b1,...,bm)。其中,原始数据b中各元素表示为bi,其中i=1,…,m。在计算出加密长度Si之后,根据加密长度Si将原始数据b=(b1,...,bm)重新组合获得重组阵列
其中,上述r代表原始数据划分为数据片段的数量,也就是重组阵列b'中所包括的元素数量。
然后,产生加密矩阵A,并利用加密矩阵A对重组阵列b'进行加密,而获得加密阵列c。之后,将多个密文片段储存至一个或多个数据储存中心。在此,加密矩阵A的维度n×n符合第二限制条件,即,n<2k,并且n≤r。
另,依据第三限制条件决定加密长度S,也就是说加密长度S与有限域的幂次方k之间符合第三限制条件。在此,第三限制条件可以是严格不溢位(strictly non-overflow)或者为α倍膨胀容忍度(αloosely inflation)。严格不溢位(底下称为定理1)即为加密后的密文片段的位数ld(ci)等于加密前的数据片段的位数ld(bi)。α倍膨胀容忍度(底下称为定理2)中的α代表膨胀容忍值,表示加密后的密文片段的位数ld(ci)与加密前的数据片段的位数ld(bi)之间的膨胀程度,即ld(ci)/ld(bi)小于或等于α。
底下以范德蒙矩阵(vandermonde matrix)作为加密矩阵A来进行说明,以伽罗瓦域(Galois Field)作为有限域来进行说明。加密矩阵A如下所示,加密矩阵的维度为n×n:
其中,加密矩阵A的所有系数ai为相异且不等于0,并且基于有限域Fq(其中q=2k>n),系数ai位于区间[0,2k-1]。
[定理1]
倘若Si=S=k/log2d,则可符合严格不溢位,其证明过程如下所述。
首先,假设Si<k/log2d,则获得
k/log2 d=k·logd 2=logd 2k...方程式(1)。
由于加密程序为超过整数,故,得知Si≤logd(2k-1)。另,由于ci分布于{0,...,2k-1},故,用以表示加密元素的最大的加密长度为ld(ci)max=logd(2k-1)。再者,bi的加密长度表示为ld(bi)。因此,可获得
Si=ld(bi)≤logd(2k-1)=ld(ci)max...方程式(2)。
由于加密后的数据长度可能或大于加密前的数据长度,因此,第二步假设Si>k/log2d,对两边以基底d来执行乘幂(exponentiation),可获得然而,为ai的值的情况与ai的最大值为2k-1的情况,两者为相矛盾。
故,倘若Si<logd(2k-1),则Si<k/log2d,将会发生加密后的数据过度膨胀的问题。倘若则Si>k/log2d,其不符合有限域的限制条件。
据此,获得加密长度S为k/log2d。
[定理2]
倘若Si≥(1/α)×logd(2k-1),则可符合α倍膨胀容忍度,使用Si=ld(bi)以及ld(ci)max=logd(2k-1),证明如下所示。
...方程式(3)。
据此,可利用上述定理1或定理2来重新计算出加密长度S,借以对原始数据b进行重新组合。
举例来说,假设原始数据b的基底d为2,且原始数据为b=(0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1),以此为例来说明。依据d=2,在第一限制条件2k≥d之下,决定有限域的幂次方k为3。
并且,依据定理1或定理2决定加密长度Si。在此,以定理1,即Si=S=k/log2d为例,计算出S=3。而后,依据加密长度S=3将原始数据b重新组合获得重组阵列为b′=(001,011,101)。
另外,在第二限制条件n<2k,并且n≤r之下,决定加密矩阵A的维度为3×3,例如
之后,便可借由加密矩阵A对重组阵列b'进行加密,借此获得加密阵列c=(111,011,110)。另外,还可进一步将加密阵列重新组合而获得11110),而将密文片段1111与密文片段11110分别储存至不同的数据储存中心。
在本实施例中,在计算节点装置110将原始数据加密并分散储存至不同的数据储存中心120时,还可将每个密文片段储存在哪一个数据储存中心的索引写入至索引档。据此,当合法使用者欲读取数据时,这些分散在不同数据储存中心120的密文片段,便可透过索引档被计算节点装置110取得,借以解码并还原为原始数据。
据此,倘若使用者欲使用原始数据时,再从各个数据储存中心取出原始数据所有加密后的加密片段来进行解密,而由解密后的片段来获得原始数据。
综上所述,在上述实施例中,计算加密矩阵的维度,借以控制加密后的数据膨胀度,并且计算由原始数据所划分的数据片段的长度(即,加密长度),使得数据片段在经由加密矩阵进行加密后所获得的加密片段的膨胀在容忍范围内,解决了数据在加密后所造成的数据膨胀问题。并且,还可进一步令原始数据分散储存在多个数据储存中心,据此,只要黑客无法取得分散在各个数据中心的密文,就无法解读出原始数据,进而任何原始数据的内容就不会被泄漏。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种数据加密的方法,适用于一云端服务器系统的一计算节点装置,该方法包括:
接收一原始数据;
计算一加密矩阵的维度;
计算一加密长度,以依据该加密长度依序自该原始数据中获得符合该加密长度的多个数据片段;以及
借由该加密矩阵分别对所取出的每一所述数据片段进行加密,而获得多个加密片段;
其中,计算该加密矩阵的维度 的步骤包括:
基于该原始数据的基底,决定一有限域的幂次方;以及
依据该有限域的幂次方决定该加密矩阵的维度;
其中,该原始数据的基底与该有限域的幂次方符合一第一限制条件,该第一限制条件包括:
2k≧d;
其中,k代表该有限域的幂次方,d代表该原始数据的基底。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在计算该加密长度的步骤之后,还包括:
以该加密长度作为每一所述数据片段的长度,而重新组合该原始数据,借以获得一重组数据;以及
借由该加密矩阵对该重组数据进行加密,而获得一加密阵列。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在获得该加密阵列的步骤之后,还包括:
重新组合该加密阵列,而获得所述加密片段。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该加密矩阵的维度符合一第二限制条件,该第二限制条件包括:
n<2k,并且n≦r;
其中,该加密矩阵的维度为n×n,k代表该有限域的幂次方,r代表该原始 数据划分为所述数据片段的数量。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,计算该加密长度步骤包括:
依据该有限域的幂次方,计算该加密长度。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,该加密长度与该有限域的幂次方之间符合一第三限制条件,该第三限制条件包括:
S=k/log2d;
其中,S代表该加密长度,k代表该有限域的幂次方,d代表该原始数据的基底。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,该加密长度与该有限域的幂次方之间符合一第三限制条件,该第三限制条件包括:
S≧(1/α)×logd(2k-1);
其中,S代表该加密长度,k代表该有限域的幂次方,d代表该原始数据的基底,α代表膨胀容忍值。
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