CN102130698B - 一种电磁波同频放大直放站系统中的回波检测和消除自激的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电磁波同频放大直放站系统中的回波检测和消除自激的方法，发现了电磁波同频放大直放站系统中，放大器的增益和返回电磁波信号到达接收天线时的相位与放大器输出功率三者之间关系。根据此关系，能够有效地检测到回波信号大小，并提高放大器输出功率，同时避免回波信号引起的放大器自激，减小对前、后向天线隔离度的要求，提高系统增益，增大覆盖范围，适用于所有电磁波同频直放站系统，如通信直放站，数据电视直放站等系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁波信号同频放大直放站系统的返回电磁波(回波)检测和自激消除的方法。无线通信、数字电视、无线数据中继和其它无线电广播系统，距离发射基站较远区域，或由于地形等因素影响，需要对一些覆盖较差的区域进行信号增强，或需要增加覆盖范围，电磁波信号同频放大直放站装置是一种简单易行的低成本方案。其原理是把较小的信号接收放大后重新发射出去，这个系统中重发信号会有部分返回到接收天线，当直放站的放大增益大于接收天线重发天线之间的隔离时，回波会使直放站产生自激，使整个系统瘫痪。
技术背景
在实际应用中由于直放站的接收天线和重发天线物理距离很多情况不可能无限增大，两天线隔离不足时，回波产生自激，针对这种问题目前的解决方案是：
1、合理选点，尽量使用天然隔离架设收发天线和采用高定向天线增加接收天线和重发天线之间的隔离；专业技术人员测试隔离，并预留10-15DB隔离冗余调节增益。该方案工程费用高成本较高，对设备隔离度要求高，长期器件老化和环境变化引起的放大器增益变化或天线隔离度变化，会引起直放站功率下降或引发自激，隔离不足时只能减小增益，直放站放大器不能满功率发射。
2、采用先下变频，数字基带对回波抵消再上变频的技术方案，该方案技术复杂，成本高，系统延时较大，抵消程度有限。隔离不足时还要减小增益，放大器也不能满功率发射。
发明内容
针对以上方案存在问题，该发明发现了一种环境回波存在时的直放站放大器增益和回波信号到达接收天线相位与放大器输出功率三者之间关系，利用此关系曲线检测到回波大小，并根据曲线找到适合直放站放大器最大输出功率而不产生自激的回波相位，从而使直放站系统增益大为提高，有效地避免由于回波而引起的自激问题，降低了对收发天线隔离的要求，根据此关系，可以方便实现自动调节直放站系统，自适应环境，无需专业调试安装。
本发明核心是发现存在回波时，电磁波同频放大直放站系统中放大器的输出功率与放大器增益和重发射信号到达接收天线时的相位(回波相位)三者之间关系，根据此关系得到检测回波大小和消除放大器自激的方法。
使用本发明的电磁波同频放大和直放站系统和传统方法比较，具有以下特点
1.可方便实现动态回波检测，自适应环境，动态调节系统参数。
2.对系统收发隔离极大降低，理论任意隔离均可以实现直放站放大器满功率发射。
3.射频无需进行下变频和数字基带处理，延时极小。
4.与数字基带抵消回波方案的显著区别是：数字基带方案提高直放站系统增益是通过提高直放站放大器增益，增益大于收发隔离实现，本发明是利用调节回波相位，直放站放大器增益接近而不等于(小于不等于)隔离方式实现。
电磁波同频放大直放站系统存在回波，当接收天线与重发天线之间隔离小于等于直放站放大器增益时，直放站放大器产生自激。对直放站系统中放大器的输出功率与放大器增益和重发射信号到达接收天线时的相位(回波相位)测试，在隔离和空中信号强度保持不变时，调节直放站放大器输出信号相位，使放大器接收到回波信号相位发生变化，测试直放站放大器增益与输出功率关系，得出附图2曲线，图中曲线B是无回波时的直放站放大器输出功率与增益关系曲线，当直放站放大器增益远小于收发天线隔离时，图2中G1点一下位置，放大器输出功率与回波相位变化没有关系，增加直放站放大器增益，增益接近收发天线隔离，G3是增益等于隔离点，放大器的输出功率与无回波时的曲线B比较，回波相位与接收信号同相的A曲线输出功率渐渐变大，回波相位与接收信号反相的C曲线渐渐偏小，靠近G3点，图1所示，A曲线功率接近放大器满功率，C曲线接近无回波B曲线的-3dB点；到达增益等于隔离的临界点G3点时，A曲线到达放大器非线性区域，C曲线在B曲线-3dB功率位置急剧增大、直放站放大器自激进入放大器非线性区域。其它相位与功率关系在曲线A、C之间，图中未出现。图1是自激附近局部图，图中G2点是增益小于隔离3dB位置，A曲线功率高于B曲线功率3dB。
根据此组基本曲线，可以得到回波的检测方法和消除自激的基本方法，后面简要说明。
附图说明
图1本发明发现的在空中信号和隔离度不变时的直放站放大器增益、回波相位与输出功率局部曲线
图2本发明发现的在空中信号和隔离度不变时的直放站放大器增益、回波相位与输出功率完整曲线曲线
图3相位检测回波方案；
图4开关检测回波方案；
图5输入信号回波监测方案；
图6数学变换后的在空中信号和隔离度不变时的直放站放大器增益、回波相位与放大器输入信号功率关系曲线。
具体实施方式
1.相位检测方法
图3所示：接收天线接收到信号，经过可调节增益的放大器放大，进入相位调节电路，之后信号经过耦合器耦合部分信号进行功率检测，耦合器输出信号经过发射天线发射出去，功率检测信号进入MCU，MCU控制相位和放大器增益。
方法一，开启放大器增益调至最小，缓慢增加放大器增益同时快速180度调节相位，放大器在A和C曲线之间工作，记录在A曲线和C曲线功率，到达G2点时，相位调节时发现输出功率变化到大于3dB，说明距自激点有3dB，定位功率最高点的相位，继续缓慢增大发射增益，使功率达到期望值，侦测功率是否异常。如有异常，回到G2点侦测重复上述，后面根据情况可以自行安排程序。如在增大增益过程中，输出功率急剧变大，说明到非A曲线到达G3点，重新相位调节。
方法二：开启放大器增益调至最小，缓慢增加放大器增益同时快速180度调节相位，放大器在A和C曲线之间工作，到G2点后，定位C曲线后继续增加增益，测试G3点位置，到G3点后，回退适量增益(1dB左右)，调节相位至功率最大，转到A曲线，如超过功率期望值继续调低增益至期望功率，侦测功率是否异常。如有异常，回到G2点重复上述，后面根据情况可以自行安排程序。
此方案对低频段和相对较窄频带和小功率系统最为适应。
2.开关检测方法
图4所示，在图3的耦合器输出和天线之间串入一个天线开关，开关的另一边接50欧姆电阻到地。
开启放大器增益调至最小，缓慢增加放大器增益，同时180度调节输出相位，天线开关在关断和打开之间轮流切换，放大器工作在A-B、C-B曲线之间，记录A、B、C曲线功率，到G2点附近时，在功率C曲线停止相位调节，继续调大增益，功率突变大时说明到达G3点，回退适当功率一般1DB左右，置停止调节增益，调节相位至A曲线停止。侦测功率是否异常，如有异常，回到G2重复上述，后面根据情况，自行安排程序。
此方案对高频段、相对宽频带和大功率系统最为适应。
3.动态检测方法
对于运动使用环境和经常变化的使用环境，空间隔离随时变化，要实时调节放大器增益，上述方案要么瞬时自激，要么瞬时关闭信号，对重发信号瞬时损坏，不改变上述硬件结构，图4天线开关不需关闭到地，调节相位，放大器工作在A、C两曲线间，在G2附近设置门限，检测功率变化大于门限时减小增益，小于门限时增加功率。从而实现了不发生自激的连续调节。
4.输入信号回波检测方法
图5所示，取消了放大器输出的耦合电路和功率检测电路，接收信号耦合一部分放大后用于输入信号功率检测，检测到的输入信号与输出相位和增益关系如图6所示，图6中G1、G2、G3与图2和图3对应的各个点相同。用此曲线对回波检测和自激消除方法和上述类似。
Claims (2)
1.一种电磁波同频放大直放站系统中的回波检测和消除自激的方法，其特征在于，根据电磁波同频直放站系统的放大器输出功率、放大器的增益与返回电磁波信号到达接收天线时的相位三者之间关系，即相位-输出功率关系，利用所述相位-输出功率关系，调节回波信号的相位，使回波相位到达接收天线处与天线接收信号相位同相，调节放大器增益，使放大器增益接近收发天线之间隔离，使放大器增益小于而不等于收发天线之间隔离。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种电磁波同频放大直放站系统中的回波检测和消除自激的方法，其特征在于所述回波相位调节可以在放大通道中的任意位置调节，也可以通过调节天线位置调节。
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Address after: 518000 Room 101, building C4, Zone C, Fuhai international science and Technology Park, Zhancheng community, Fuhai street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen Jiaxian Communication Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518000 4th floor, building 41a, area 5, Cuigang Industrial Park, Huaide, Fuyong street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Shenzhen Jiaxian communication equipment Co.,Ltd. |