CN109792264A - 用于具有控制信道参考信号的无线电分布式天线系统的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于具有控制信道参考信号的无线电分布式天线系统的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本披露内容的各方面可以包括例如:基站接口,被配置用于接收被指引到移动通信设备的处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议。收发器被配置用于:基于对所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第一调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息;并且将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的另一网络设备。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年9月15日提交的美国专利申请序列号15/265,889的优先权。上述申请的内容通过引用被结合到本申请中,如同在本文中完全阐述一样。
技术领域
本主题披露内容涉及一种用于管理对无线资源的利用的方法和装置。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其他便携式设备日益变得普遍存在,并且数据使用增加,宏小区基站设备和现有的无线基础设施进而需要更高的带宽能力,以便解决增加的需求。为了提供额外的移动带宽,正在寻求小小区部署,其中微小区和微微小区提供对于比传统宏小区小得多的区域的覆盖。
此外,大多数家庭和企业已经发展为依赖针对诸如语音、视频和互联网浏览等服务的宽带数据接入。宽带接入网络包括卫星网络、4G或5G无线网络、电力线路通信网络、光纤网络、有线电视电缆网络和电话网络。
附图说明
现在将参照不一定按比例绘制的附图,并且在附图中:
图1是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的导波通信系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图2是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的传输设备的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图3是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的电磁场分布的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图4是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的电磁场分布的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图5A是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的频率响应的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图5B是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的绝缘导线的纵向横截面的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图,描绘了处于多个不同操作频率的导行电磁波场。
图6是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的电磁场分布的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图7是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的弧形耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图8是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的弧形耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图9A是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的短截线耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图9B是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的电磁分布的示例非限制性实施例的图。
图10A和图10B是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的耦合器和收发器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图11是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的双短截线耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图12是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的中继器系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图13图示了框图,图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的双向中继器的示例非限制性实施例。
图14是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的波导系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图15是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的导波通信系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图16A和图16B是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的用于对通信系统进行管理的系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图17A图示了用于检测并减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的扰动的方法的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。
图17B图示了用于检测并减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的扰动的方法的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。
图18A是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的通信系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图18B是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的图18A通信系统的一部分的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图18C至图18D是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的图18A的通信系统的通信节点的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图19A是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的用于使得基站能够与通信节点进行通信的下行链路和上行链路通信技术的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图19B是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的通信节点的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图19C是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的通信节点的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图19D是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图19E是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图19F是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图19G是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。
图19H是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的发射器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图19I是图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的接收器的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图20A图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的方法的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。
图20B图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的通信系统的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。
图20C图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的方法的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。
图21是根据本文所描述各个方面的计算环境的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图22是根据本文所描述各个方面的移动网络平台的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
图23是根据本文所描述各个方面的通信设备的示例非限制性实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述一个或多个实施例,其中相似的附图标记贯穿全文被用来指相似的元件。在以下描述中,为了解释的目的,阐述了众多细节,以便提供对各个实施例的透彻理解。然而,显然,各个实施例可以在没有这些细节(并且不应用到任何特定联网环境或标准)的情况下被实践。
在实施例中,呈现了一种用于经由导行电磁波发送并接收通信信号诸如数据或其他信令的导波通信系统。所述导行电磁波包括例如被限制到传输介质或由所述传输介质引导的表面波或其他电磁波。将认识到的是,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下可以将各种传输介质与导波通信一起使用。这种传输介质的示例可以包括以下各项中的一项或多项(单独地或者以一种或多种组合):导线,绝缘的或者不绝缘的、以及是单股的或者多股的;其他形状或构造的导体,包括导线束、电缆、杆、轨道、管道;非导体,诸如电介质管道、杆、轨道或其他电介质构件;导体和电介质材料的组合;或其他导波传输介质。
导行电磁波在传输介质上的感生可以独立于通过作为电路的一部分的传输介质而被注入或以其他方式传输的任何电势、电荷或电流。例如,在传输介质为导线的情况下,应当认识到的是,虽然导线中的小电流可以响应于导波沿导线的传播而形成,但这可以是由于电磁波沿导线表面的传播,并且不是响应于被注入到作为电路的一部分的导线中的电势、电荷或电流而形成的。因此,在导线上行进的电磁波不需要电路以沿导线表面传播。因此,导线是单导线传输线路,而不是电路的一部分。而且,在一些实施例中,导线不是必需的,并且电磁波可以沿不是导线的单线路传输介质传播。
更一般地,如本主题披露内容所描述的“导行电磁波”或“导波”受到至少为传输介质的一部分的物理对象(例如,裸导线或其他导体、电介质、绝缘导线、导管或其他中空元件、被电介质或绝缘体或其他导线束涂覆、覆盖或包围的绝缘导线束,或者另一种形式的固体、液体或其他非气体传输介质)的存在的影响,从而至少部分地限制到物理对象或由物理对象引导,并且从而沿着物理对象的传输路径传播。此类物理对象可以作为传输介质的至少一部分来操作,所述传输介质通过传输介质的界面(例如,外表面、内表面、外表面与内表面之间的内部部分或传输介质的元件之间的其他边界)引导电磁波“导行电磁波”的传播,所述导行电磁波进而可以沿着从发送设备到接收设备的传输路径承载能量、数据和/或其他信号。
不同于其强度与非导行电磁波行进的距离的平方成反比地减小的无线信号(诸如非导行(或无界)电磁波)的自由空间传播,导行电磁波可以沿着传输介质传播,具有比非导行电磁波所经受的少的每单位距离量值损耗。
与电信号不同,导行电磁波可以从发送设备传播到接收设备,而无需发送设备与接收设备之间的单独电回流路径。因此,导行电磁波可以沿着不具有导电部件的传输介质(例如,电介质条)或者经由具有不多于单个导体的传输介质(例如,单根裸导线或绝缘导线)从发送设备向接收设备传播。即使传输介质包括一个或多个导电部件并且沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波在导行电磁波的方向上生成在所述一个或多个导电部件中流动的电流,此类导行电磁波也可以沿传输介质从发送设备向接收设备传播,而无需在发送设备与接收设备之间的电回流路径上的相反电流的流动。
在非限制性说明中,考虑通过导电介质在发送设备与接收设备之间发射和接收电信号的电气系统。此类系统通常依靠电气分离的前向路径和返回路径。例如,考虑具有由绝缘体隔开的中心导体和接地屏蔽的同轴电缆。通常,在电气系统中,发送(或接收)设备的第一端子可以连接到中心导体,并且发送(或接收)设备的第二端子可以连接到接地屏蔽。如果发送设备经由第一端子在中心导体中注入电信号,那么所述电信号将沿着中心导体传播,从而导致中心导体中的前向电流,并导致接地屏蔽中的返回电流。相同的情况适用于两端子接收设备。
相比而言,考虑诸如在本主题披露内容中描述的导波通信系统,其可以利用传输介质的不同实施例(除其他以外,包括同轴电缆)来发射和接收导行电磁波,而无需电回流路径。在一个实施例中,例如,本主题披露内容的导波通信系统可以被配置用于感生沿着同轴电缆的外表面传播的导行电磁波。虽然导行电磁波将在接地屏蔽上引起前向电流,但是导行电磁波不需要返回电流来使得导行电磁波沿着同轴电缆的外表面传播。可以说由导波通信系统使用以用于发射并接收导行电磁波的其他传输介质也是如此。例如,由导波通信系统在裸导线或绝缘导线的外表面上感生的导行电磁波可以沿着无电回流路径的裸导线或绝缘裸导线进行传播。
因此,需要用于在单独导体上承载前向电流和反向电流的两个或更多个导体以使得由发送设备注入的电气信号能够传播的电气系统不同于在传输介质的界面上感生导行电磁波而无需电回流路径来使得导行电磁波能够沿着传输介质的界面进行传播的导波系统。
还要注意的是,本主题披露内容中所描述的导行电磁波可以具有主要或基本上位于传输介质的外部的电磁场结构,以便被限制到传输介质或由传输介质引导,并且以便在传输介质的外表面上或沿着传输介质的外表面传播非微不足道的距离。在其他实施例中,导行电磁波可以具有主要或基本上在传输介质内部的电磁场结构,以便被限制到传输介质或由传输介质引导,并且以便在传输介质内传播非微不足道的距离。在其他实施例中,导行电磁波可以具有部分地位于传输介质内部且部分地位于传输介质外部的电磁场结构,以便被限制到传输介质或由传输介质引导,并且以便沿着传输介质传播非微不足道的距离。在实施例中,期望的电场结构可以基于各种因素而变化,包括:期望传输距离、传输介质自身的特性以及传输介质外部的环境状况/特性(例如,存在雨、雾、大气状况等)。
应当进一步注意的是,如本主题披露内容中所描述的导波系统还与光纤系统不同。本主题披露内容的导波系统可以在传输介质的界面上感生导行电磁波,所述传输介质由不透明材料(例如,由聚乙烯制成的电介质电缆)或以其他方式抗光波传输的材料(例如,裸导线或绝缘导线)构成,使得导行电磁波能够沿着传输介质的界面在非微不足道的距离上进行传播。相反,光纤系统不能与不透明的传输介质或抗光波传输的其他传输介质一起工作。
本文所描述的各个实施例涉及可以被称为用于以毫米波频率(例如,30GHz至300GHz)向和从传输介质发射和/或提取导行电磁波的“波导耦合设备”、“波导耦合器”或更简单地称为“耦合器”、“耦合设备”或“发射台”的耦合设备,其中,波长与耦合设备和/或传输介质的一个或多个维度(诸如导线的周长、或其他横截面维度)、或者更低的微波频率(诸如300MHz至30GHz)相比而言可以较小。可以生成传输以便作为由耦合设备引导的波进行传播,诸如:电介质材料的条长度、弧长度或其他长度;喇叭状天线、单极天线、拉杆天线、隙缝天线或其他天线;天线阵列;磁共振腔、或其他共振耦合器;线圈、带状线、波导或其他耦合设备。在操作中,所述耦合设备从发射器或传输介质接收电磁波。所述电磁波的电磁场结构可以承载在耦合设备内部、耦合设备外部或其某种组合。当耦合设备非常接近传输介质时,电磁波的至少一部分耦合至或限制到所述传输介质,并且继续作为导行电磁波进行传播。以互逆方式,耦合设备可以从传输介质中提取导波并将这些电磁波输送至接收器。
根据示例实施例,表面波是由传输介质的表面引导的一种类型的导波,所述传输介质的表面诸如导线的外部表面或外表面、或者所述导线的邻近或暴露于具有不同性质(例如,电介质性质)的另一种类型的介质的另一个表面。实际上,在示例实施例中,引导表面波的导线的表面可以表示两种不同类型介质之间的过渡表面。例如,在裸露或未绝缘导线的情况下,导线的表面可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的裸露或未绝缘导线的外或外部导电表面。作为另一个示例,在绝缘导线的情况下,取决于绝缘体、空气和/或导体的性质(例如,电介质性质)的相对差异并且还取决于导波的频率和一种或多种传播模式,导线的表面可以是与导线的绝缘体部分相遇的导线的导电部分,或者可以以其他方式是暴露于空气或自由空间的导线的绝缘体表面,或者可以以其他方式是在导线的绝缘体表面和与导线的绝缘体部分相遇的导线的导电部分之间的任何材料区域。
根据示例实施例,术语在与导波结合使用的导线或其他传输介质“周围”可以包括基波导波传播模式,诸如具有圆形或基本上为圆形的场分布的导波、对称电磁场分布(例如,电场、磁场、电磁场等)、或至少部分地在导线或其他传输介质周围的其他基波模式图。此外,当导波在导线或其他传输介质“周围”传播时,其可以根据导波传播模式进行传播,所述导波传播模式可以不仅包括基波传播模式(例如,零阶模式),而且还另外地或替代地包括非基波传播模式,诸如高阶导波模式(例如,1阶模式、2阶模式等)、非对称模式和/或具有在导线或其他传输介质周围的非圆形场分布的其他导波(例如,表面波)。如在此使用的,术语“导波模式”指代导波通信系统的传输介质、耦合设备或其他系统部件的导波传播模式。
例如,这种非圆形场分布可以是单边的或多边的,具有特征在于相对较高场强度的一个或多个轴向波瓣和/或特征在于相对低场强度、零场强度或基本上零场强度的一个或多个空值或空值区域。进一步地,根据示例实施例,场分布可以以其他方式在导线周围根据方位取向而变化,从而使得在导线周围的一个或多个角度区域具有比方位取向的一个或多个其他角度区域更高的电或磁场强度(或其组合)。应当认识到的是,导波的较高阶模式或非对称模式的相对取向或位置可以随着导波沿导线行进而变化。
如本文所使用的,术语“毫米波”可以指落在30GHz至300GHz的“毫米波频带”内的电磁波/信号。术语“微波”可以指落在300MHz至300GHz的“微波频带”内的电磁波/信号。术语“射频(radio frequency)”或“RF”可以指落在10kHz至1THz内的“射频带”内的电磁波/信号。应当认识到的是,如本主题披露内容所描述的无线信号、电信号和导行电磁波可以被配置用于在任何期望频率范围上进行操作,诸如例如在毫米波频带和/或微波频带内、之上或之下的频率上。具体地,当耦合设备或传输介质包括导电元件时,由耦合设备承载的和/或沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波的频率可以在导电元件中的电子的平均碰撞频率以下。进一步地,由耦合设备承载的和/或沿着传输介质传播的导行电磁波的频率可以是非光学频率,例如,在以1THz开始的光学频率范围以下的射频。
如本文所使用的,术语“天线”可以指作为用于发射/辐射或接收无线信号的发射系统或接收系统的一部分的设备。
根据一个或多个实施例,一种方法可以包括:由分布式天线系统的包括信号处理电路系统的第一网络元件的系统接收被指引到移动通信设备的处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议;由所述系统基于对所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第一调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;由所述系统在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息;以及由所述系统将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的第二网络元件。
根据一个或多个实施例,一种分布式天线系统的网络设备可以包括:基站接口,被配置用于接收被指引到移动通信设备的处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议。收发器可以被配置用于:基于对所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第一调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息;并且将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的另一网络设备。
根据一个或多个实施例,一种分布式天线系统的网络设备可以包括:基站接口装置,用于接收被指引到移动通信设备的处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议。还可以包括收发器装置,所述收发器装置用于:基于对所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第一调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息;并且将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的另一网络设备。
现在参照图1,示出了图示导波通信系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图100。在操作中,传输设备101从通信网络或其他通信设备接收包括数据的一个或多个通信信号110,并生成导波120,以经由传输介质125将所述数据传送至传输设备102。传输设备102接收导波120并将其变换成通信信号112,所述通信信号包括供传输至通信网络或其他通信设备的数据。可以经由诸如相移键控、频移键控、正交幅度调制、幅度调制、多载波调制(诸如正交频分复用)等调制技术以及经由诸如频分复用、时分复用、码分复用、经由不同波传播模式和经由其他调制和接入策略进行复用等多址接入技术来调制导波120以传送数据。
所述一个或多个通信网络可以包括无线通信网络,诸如移动数据网络、蜂窝语音和数据网络、无线局域网(例如,WiFi或802.xx网络)、卫星通信网络、个域网、或其他无线网络。所述一个或多个通信网络还可以包括有线通信网络,诸如电话网络、以太网、局域网、广域网(诸如互联网)、宽带接入网络、有线电视网路、光纤网络、或其他有线网络。通信设备可以包括网络边缘设备、桥接设备或家庭网关、机顶盒、宽带调制解调器、电话适配器、接入点、基站或其他固定通信设备、移动通信设备(诸如汽车网关或汽车)、膝上型计算机、平板计算机、智能电话、蜂窝电话、或其他通信设备。
在示例实施例中,导波通信系统100可以以双向方式进行操作,其中,传输设备102从通信网络或设备接收包括其他数据的一个或多个通信信号112并且生成导波122,以经由传输介质125向传输设备101传送所述其他数据。在这种操作模式下,传输设备101接收导波122并将它们变换成包括其他数据的通信信号110,用于向通信网络或设备传输。可以经由诸如相移键控、频移键控、正交幅度调制、幅度调制、多载波调制(诸如正交频分复用)等调制技术以及经由诸如频分复用、时分复用、码分复用、经由不同波传播模式和经由其他调制和接入策略进行复用等多址接入技术来调制导波122以传送数据。
传输介质125可以包括电缆,所述电缆具有被电介质材料(诸如绝缘体或其他电介质覆盖物、涂层或其他电介质材料)包围的至少一个内部部分,所述电介质材料具有外表面和相应周长。在示例实施例中,传输介质125作为单导线传输线路进行操作,以引导电磁波的传输。当传输介质125被实施为单导线传输系统时,其可以包括导线。所述导线可以是绝缘或未绝缘的,并且可以是单股或多股的(例如,编织)。在其他实施例中,传输介质125可以包含其他形状或构造的导体,包括线束、电缆、杆、轨道、管道。此外,传输介质125可以包括非导体,诸如电介质管、杆、轨道或其他电介质构件;导体和电介质材料、导体但不具有电介质材料或其他导波传播介质的组合。应当注意的是,传输介质125可以以其他方式包括先前讨论的传输介质中的任何一种。
进一步地,如先前所讨论的,导波120和122可以与在自由空间/空气上的无线电传输或经由电路的通过导线的导体的电力或信号的常规传播形成对比。除了导波120和122的传播之外,传输介质125还可以可选地包含作为一个或多个电路的一部分以常规方式传播电力或其他通信信号的一根或多根导线。
现在参照图2,示出了图示传输设备的示例非限制性实施例的框图200。传输设备101或102包括通信接口(I/F)205、收发器210和耦合器220。
在操作的示例中,通信接口205接收包括数据的通信信号110或112。在各个实施例中,通信接口205可以包括用于根据无线标准协议(诸如LTE或其他蜂窝语音和数据协议、WiFi或802.11协议、WIMAX协议、超宽带协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议、直播广播卫星(DBS)或其他卫星通信协议、或其他无线协议)接收无线通信信号的无线接口。另外或替代地,通信接口205包括根据以太网协议、通用串行总线(USB)协议、有线电视电缆服务数据接口规范(DOCSIS)协议、数字用户线(DSL)协议、Firewire(IEEE 1394)协议或其他有线协议操作的有线接口。除了基于标准的协议之外,通信接口205还可以结合其他有线或无线协议一起操作。此外,通信接口205可以可选地结合包括多个协议层的协议栈一起进行操作,所述多个协议层包括MAC协议、传送协议、应用协议等。
在操作的示例中,收发器210基于通信信号110或112生成电磁波,以传送数据。所述电磁波具有至少一个载波频率以及至少一个相应波长。载波频率可以在30GHz至300GHz的毫米波频带内(诸如60GHz),或者是在30GHz至40GHz范围内、或者是在微波频率范围中300MHz至30GHz的更低频带范围(诸如26GHz至30GHz、11GHz、6GHz或3GHz)内的载波频率,但是将认识到的是,其他载波频率在其他实施例中是可能的。在一种操作模式下,收发器210仅对所述一个或多个通信信号110或112进行上变频,用于将微波或毫米波频带中的电磁信号作为由传输介质125引导或限制到所述传输介质的导行电磁波进行传输。在另一种操作模式下,通信接口205或者将通信信号110或112变换成基带信号或近基带信号或者从通信信号110或112中提取数据,并且收发器210利用所述数据、基带或近基带信号对高频载波进行调制以进行传输。应当认识到的是,收发器210可以调制经由通信信号110或112接收到的数据,以便通过封装在不同协议的有效载荷中或者通过简单的频移来保持通信信号110或112的一个或多个数据通信协议。在替代方案中,收发器210可以以其他方式将经由通信信号110或112接收到的数据转化成与通信信号110或112的所述一个或多个数据通信协议不同的协议。
在操作示例中,耦合器220将电磁波作为导行电磁波耦合至传输介质125以便传送所述一个或多个通信信号110或112。虽然先前的描述集中在收发器210作为发射器的操作,但是收发器210还可以操作以接收经由耦合器220从单导线传输介质传送其他数据的电磁波,并经由通信接口205生成包括其他数据的通信信号110或112。考虑到附加导行电磁波传送还沿着传输介质125传播的其他数据的实施例。耦合器220还可以将来自传输介质125的此附加电磁波耦合至收发器210以用于接收。
传输设备101或102包括可选的训练控制器230。在示例实施例中,训练控制器230由独立处理器或者与传输设备101或102的一个或多个其他部件共享的处理器来实施。基于由收发器210从耦合成接收导行电磁波的至少一个远程传输设备接收到的反馈数据,训练控制器230选择用于导行电磁波的载波频率、调制方案和/或导波模式。
在示例实施例中,由远程传输设备101或102传输的导行电磁波传送同样沿着传输介质125进行传播的数据。可以将来自远程传输设备101或102的数据生成为包括反馈数据。在操作中,耦合器220还耦合来自传输介质125的导行电磁波,并且收发器接收电磁波并处理所述电磁波以提取反馈数据。
在示例实施例中,训练控制器230基于反馈数据进行操作以评估多个候选频率、调制方案和/或传输模式,从而选择载波频率、调制方案和/或传输模式来增强性能(诸如吞吐量、信号强度)、降低传播损耗等。
考虑以下示例:通过将多个导波作为处于对应多个候选频率和/或被指引到耦合至传输介质125的远程传输设备102的候选模式的测试信号(诸如导频波)或其他测试信号发送至所述远程传输设备,传输设备101在训练控制器230的控制下开始操作。所述导波可以另外或可替代地包括测试数据。所述测试数据可以指示所述信号的特定候选频率和/或导波模式。在实施例中,在远程传输设备102处的训练控制器230接收来自适当接收的任何导波中的测试信号和/或测试数据,并且确定最佳候选频率和/或导波模式、一组可接受的候选频率和/或导波模式、或候选频率和/或导波模式的排名排序。对(多个)候选频率或/和(多种)导行模式的这种选择由训练控制器230基于一个或多个优化标准(诸如接收信号强度、误比特率、分组错误率、信噪比、传播损耗等)生成。训练控制器230生成指示对(多个)候选频率或/和(多种)导波模式的选择的反馈数据,并且将所述反馈数据发送至收发器210以传输至传输设备101。传输设备101和102然后可以基于对(多个)候选频率或/和(多种)导波模式的选择而彼此传达数据。
在其他实施例中,包含测试信号和/或测试数据的导行电磁波由远程传输设备102反射回、中继回、或以其他方式环回至传输设备101,以用于由发起这些波的传输设备101的训练控制器230进行接收和分析。例如,传输设备101可以向远程传输设备102发送用于发起测试模式的信号,在所述测试模式下,物理反射器接通线路,终止阻抗发生变化以引起反射,开启环回模式以便将电磁波耦合回至源传输设备102,和/或启用中继器模式以便放大电磁波并将其重新传输回至源传输设备102。源传输设备102处的训练控制器230接收来自适当接收的任何导波中的测试信号和/或测试数据,并且确定对(多个)候选频率或/和(多种)导波模式的选择。
虽然已经在启动或初始化操作模式时描述了上述过程,但是每个传输设备101或102还可以在其他时间或连续地发送测试信号、经由诸如正常传输等非测试传输来评估候选频率或导波模式、或以其他方式评估候选频率或导波模式。在示例实施例中,传输设备101与传输设备102之间的通信协议可以包括应求或周期性测试模式,其中对候选频率和导波模式子集的完全测试或者更有限测试被测试和评估。在其他操作模式下,重新进入这种测试模式可以通过由于扰动、天气状况等导致的性能下降而触发。在示例实施例中,收发器210的接收器带宽或者足够宽或者被扫过以接收所有候选频率或者可以由训练控制器230选择性地调节到训练模式,在所述训练模式下,收发器210的接收器带宽足够宽或者被扫过以接收所有候选频率。
现在参照图3,示出了图示电磁场分布的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图300。在本实施例中,空气中的传输介质125包括内部导体301和电介质材料的绝缘护套302,如以横截面示出的。简图300包括表示由具有非对称和非基波导波模式的导波的传播生成的不同电磁场强度的不同灰度级。
具体地,电磁场分布对应于模式“最有效点(sweet spot)”,所述模式最有效点增强了沿着绝缘传输介质的导行电磁波传播并且降低了端到端传输损耗。在此特定模式下,电磁波由传输介质125引导以便沿着传输介质的外表面——在这种情况下为绝缘护套302的外表面进行传播。电磁波部分地嵌入在绝缘体中并且部分地在绝缘体的外表面上辐射。以此方式,电磁波“轻”耦合至绝缘体以便使能在远距离处以低传播损耗进行电磁波传播。
如所示出的,导波具有主要或基本上位于用来引导电磁波的传输介质125外部的场结构。导体301内部的区域具有很少场或没有场。同样,绝缘护套302内部的区域具有低场强。电磁场强度的大部分分布在位于绝缘护套302的外表面处并且与其非常接近的波瓣304中。非对称导波模式的存在由绝缘护套302的外表面的顶部和底部处的高电磁场强其他示出(在简图的取向中)——与绝缘护套302的其他侧上的非常小的场强相反。
所示的示例对应于由直径为1.1cm的导线和厚度为0.36cm的电介质绝缘体引导的38GHz的电磁波。因为电磁波由传输介质125引导,并且大部分场强集中于在外表面的有限距离内的绝缘护套302的外部的空气中,所以导波可以以非常低的损耗沿着传输介质125纵向向下传播。在所示出的示例中,此“有限距离”与和外表面相距小于传输介质125的最大横截面维度的一半的距离相对应。在这种情况下,导线的最大横截面维度对应于1.82cm的整体直径,然而,此值可以随着传输介质125的尺寸和形状而变化。例如,如果传输介质125采用高为0.3cm且宽为0.4cm的矩形形状,则最大横截面维度的对角线将为0.5cm,并且相应的有限距离将为0.25cm。包含大部分场强的区域的维度还随着频率而变化,并且通常随着载波频率的减小而增大。
还应当注意的是,导波通信系统的部件(诸如耦合器和传输介质)针对每种导波模式可以具有其自己的截止频率。截止频率通常阐述了特定导波模式被设计成由那个特定部件支持的最低频率。在示例实施例中,通过电磁波在传输介质125上感生出所示出的特定非对称传播模式,所述电磁波的频率落在此特定非对称模式的下限截止频率Fc的有限范围(诸如Fc至2Fc)内。下限截止频率Fc特定于传输介质125的特性。对于所示出的包括被绝缘护套302包围的内部导体301的实施例,此截止频率可以基于绝缘护套302的维度和性质以及潜在地内部导体301的维度和性质而变化,并且可以通过实验被确定为具有期望的模式图案。然而,应当注意到的是,针对不具有内导体的中空电介质或绝缘体可以找到相似的效果。在这种情况下,截止频率可以基于中空电介质或绝缘体的维度和特性而变化。
在低于下限截止频率的频率上,非对称模式难以在传输介质125中感生,并且只能传播微不足道的距离。随着频率增加到关于截止频率的有限频率范围之上,非对称模式越来越多地偏移到绝缘护套302的内侧。在远大于截止频率的频率上,场强不再集中在绝缘护套外部,而是主要在绝缘护套302的内部。虽然传输介质125为电磁波提供了较强引导并且传播仍然是可能的,但是范围由于绝缘护套302内的传播而增加的损耗而更受限制——与周围的空气相反。
现在参照图4,示出了图示电磁场分布的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图400。具体地,以用于指代相似元件的共同附图标记示出了与图3相似的横截面简图400。示出的示例对应于由直径为1.1cm的导线和厚度为0.36cm的电介质绝缘体引导的60GHz的波。因为导波的频率高于此特定非对称模式的截止频率的有限范围,所以场强的大部分已经向绝缘护套302内部偏移。具体地,场强主要集中在绝缘护套302的内部。虽然传输介质125向电磁波提供了较强引导并且传播仍然是可能的,但是当与图3的实施例相比时,范围由于绝缘护套302内的传播而增加的损耗而更受限制。
现在参照图5A,示出了图示频率响应的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图。具体地,简图500呈现了作为频率的函数的端到端损耗(以dB为单位)的曲线图,覆盖有200cm绝缘中压导线的三个点处的电磁场分布510、520和530。在每个电磁场分布中,绝缘体与周围空气之间的边界由附图标记525来表示。
如结合图3所讨论的,通过电磁波在传输介质125上感生出所示出的期望非对称传播模式的示例,所述电磁波的频率落在针对此特定非对称模式的传输介质的下限截止频率Fc的有限范围(诸如Fc至2Fc)内。具体地,在6GHz下的电磁场分布520落在此模式“最有效点”内,所述模式最有效点增强了沿着绝缘传输介质的电磁波传播并且降低了端到端传输损耗。在此特定模式下,导波部分地嵌入在绝缘体中并且部分地在绝缘体的外表面上辐射。以此方式,电磁波“轻”耦合至绝缘体以便使能在远距离处以低传播损耗进行导行电磁波传播。
在由3GHz下的电磁场分布510表示的更低频率下,非对称模式辐射更多,从而产生更高的传播损耗。在由9GHz下的电磁场分布530表示的更高频率下,非对称模式越来越多地向绝缘护套内部偏移,从而提供过多的吸收,再次产生了更高的传播损耗。
现在参照图5B,示出了图示传输介质125(诸如绝缘导线)的纵向横截面的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图550,描绘了处于多个不同操作频率下的导行电磁波场。如简图556中所示出的,当导行电磁波大致处于与模式“最有效点”相对应的截止频率(fc)下时,导行电磁波松散地耦合至绝缘导线,从而使得吸收减少,并且导行电磁波的场被充分地限制以便降低辐射到环境(例如,空气)中的量。由于导行电磁波场的吸收和辐射较低,传播损耗因此较低,从而使得导行电磁波场能够传播更长的距离。
如简图554中所示出的,当导行电磁波场的操作频率增加到大约两倍截止频率(fc)以上——或者被称为“最有效点”的范围以上时,传播损耗增加。电磁波的更多场强在绝缘层内被驱动,增加了传播损耗。在比截止频率(fc)高得多的频率下,由于由导行电磁波发射的场集中在导线的绝缘层中,因此导行电磁波被强限制到绝缘导线,如简图552中所示出的。这进而进一步由于绝缘层吸收导行电磁波而产生了传播损耗。类似地,当导行电磁波的操作频率基本上低于截止频率(fc)时,传播损耗增加,如简图558中所示出的。在比截止频率(fc)低得多的频率下,导行电磁波被弱(或微乎其微地(nominally))限制到绝缘导线,并且由此趋于辐射到环境(例如,空气)中,这进而由于导行电磁波的辐射而产生了传播损耗。
现在参照图6,示出了图示电磁场分布的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图600。在本实施例中,传输介质602是裸导线,如以横截面示出的。简图300包括表示由具有对称和基波导波模式的导波在单个载波频率下传播所生成的不同电磁场强度的不同灰度级。
在这种特定模式下,电磁波由传输介质602引导以便沿着传输介质的外表面——在这种情况下为裸导线的外表面进行传播。电磁波“轻”耦合至导线以便使能在远距离处以低传播损耗进行电磁波传播。如所示出的,导波具有基本上位于用来引导电磁波的传输介质602外部的场结构。导体602内部的区域具有很少场或没有场。
现在参照图7,示出了图示弧形耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图700。具体地,呈现了用于诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102等传输设备中使用的耦合设备。耦合设备包括耦合至发射器电路712和终止或阻尼器714的弧形耦合器704。弧形耦合器704可以由电介质材料或其他低损耗绝缘体(例如,特氟龙、聚乙烯等)制成、或者由导电(例如,金属、非金属等)材料制成、或是由前述材料的任意组合制成。如所示出的,弧形耦合器704作为波导进行操作,并且具有作为导波在弧形耦合器704的波导表面周围进行传播的波706。在所示出的实施例中,弧形耦合器704的至少一部分可以放置在导线702或其他传输介质(诸如传输介质125)附近,以便促进弧形耦合器704与导线702或其他传输介质之间的耦合,如本文所述的以便在导线上发射导波708。弧形耦合器704可以被放置成使得弯曲的弧形耦合器704的一部分与导线702相切、并且平行或基本上平行。弧形耦合器704的与导线平行的所述部分可以是曲线的顶点、或者是曲线的切线与导线702平行的任何点。当弧形耦合器704被如此定位或放置时,沿弧形耦合器704行进的波706至少部分地耦合至导线702,并且作为导波708在导线702的导线表面周围或附近并且沿导线702纵向地传播。导波708可以被表征为表面波或由导线702或其他传输介质引导或限制到所述导线或其他传输介质的其他电磁波。
波706没有耦合至导线702的一部分作为沿弧形耦合器704的波710进行传播。应当认识到的是,弧形耦合器704可以关于导线702被配置和安排在各种各样的位置中,以实现波706到导线702的期望水平的耦合或非耦合。例如,与导线702平行或基本上平行的弧形耦合器704的曲率和/或长度、以及其到所述导线的间隔距离(在实施例中,这可以包括零间隔距离)可以在不背离示例实施例的情况下变化。同样,弧形耦合器704关于导线702的安排可以基于对导线702和弧形耦合器704的对应固有特性(例如,厚度、组成、电磁性质等)、以及波706和708的特性(例如,频率、能量水平等)的考虑而变化。
甚至在导线702弯曲和屈曲时,导波708仍保持与导线702平行或基本上平行。导线702中的弯曲可以增加传输损耗,传输损耗还取决于导线直径、频率和材料。如果为了高效的功率输送而选择弧形耦合器704的维度,则波706中的大部分功率被输送到导线702,在波710中剩余的功率很少。应当认识到的是,导波708本质上仍然可以是多模式的(本文中讨论的),包括具有非基波或非对称的模式,同时沿着与导线702平行或基本上平行的路径行进,具有或不具有基波传输模式。在实施例中,非基波模式或非对称模式可以用于最小化传输损耗和/或获得增加的传播距离。
应当注意的是,术语“平行”一般是几何构造,其在实际系统中常常是不可精确实现的。相应地,当用来描述本披露内容中披露的实施例时,如在本披露内容中使用的术语“平行”表示近似而不是精确配置。在实施例中,基本上平行可以包括在所有维度上在真正平行的30度内的近似。
在实施例中,波706可以表现出一种或多种波传播模式。所述弧形耦合器模式可以取决于耦合器704的形状和/或设计。波706的所述一种或多种弧形耦合器模式可以生成、影响或冲击沿导线702传播的导波708的一种或多种波传播模式。然而,应当特别注意的是,导波706中存在的导波模式可以与导波708的导波模式相同或不同。以此方式,导波706的一种或多种导波模式可以不被输送到导波708,并且进一步地,导波708的一种或多种导波模式可能尚未存在在导波706中。还应当注意的是,针对特定导波模式的弧形耦合器704的截止频率可能不同于导线702或其他传输介质针对同一模式的截止频率。例如,在导线702或其他传输介质可以以略高于其针对特定导波模式的截止频率进行操作时,弧形耦合器704可以以远高于其针对同一模式的截止频率进行操作以便降低损耗,以略低于其针对此同一模式的截止频率进行操作以便例如感生更大的耦合和电力输送,或者以与弧形耦合器针对此模式的截止频率有关的某个其他点进行操作。
在实施例中,导线702上的波传播模式可以类似于弧形耦合器模式,因为波706和708两者分别在弧形耦合器704和导线702的外部周围进行传播。在一些实施例中,当波706耦合至导线702时,由于弧形耦合器704与导线702之间的耦合,所述模式可以改变形式,或者新的模式可以被创建或生成。例如,弧形耦合器704和导线702的尺寸、材料和/或阻抗的差异可以创建弧形耦合器模式中不存在的附加模式和/或可以抑制一些弧形耦合器模式。波传播模式可以包括基波横向电磁模式(准TEM00),其中仅较小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场在导波沿导线传播的同时径向向外延伸。这种导波模式可以是环形的,其中这些电磁场中很少存在于弧形耦合器704或导线702内。
波706和708可以包括场径向向外延伸的基波TEM模式,并且还包括其他非基波(例如,非对称的、更高级的等)模式。虽然以上讨论了特定的波传播模式,但是基于所采用的频率、弧形耦合器704的设计、导线702的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其绝缘(如果存在的话)、周围环境的电磁性质等,其他波传播模式同样是可能的,所述其他波传播模式诸如横向电(TE)模式和横向磁(TM)模式。应当注意的是,取决于频率、导线702的电特性和物理特性以及所生成的特定波传播模式,导波708可以沿氧化的未绝缘导线、未氧化的未绝缘导线、绝缘导线的导电表面和/或沿绝缘导线的绝缘表面行进。
在实施例中,弧形耦合器704的直径小于导线702的直径。对于所使用的毫米波频带波长,弧形耦合器704支持构成波706的单波导模式。这种单波导模式可以在其作为导波708耦合至导线702时改变。如果弧形耦合器704更大,则可以支持多于一种波导模式,但是这些附加的波导模式可能无法同样高效地耦合至导线702,并且可能导致更高的耦合损耗。但是,在一些替代实施例中,弧形耦合器704的直径可以等于或大于导线702的直径,例如,在期望更高耦合损耗的地方或者当与其他技术结合使用以便以其他方式减小耦合损耗时(例如,通过逐渐变细来进行阻抗匹配,等等)。
在实施例中,波706和708的波长在尺寸上相当,或者小于弧形耦合器704和导线702的周长。在示例中,如果导线702具有0.5cm的直径和大约1.5cm的相应周长,那么传输的波长是大约1.5cm或更小,对应于70GHz或更大的频率。在另一实施例中,传输和载波信号的合适频率在30GHz至100GHz的范围内,可能是大约30GHz至60GHz,并且在一个示例中是大约38GHz。在实施例中,当弧形耦合器704和导线702的周长在尺寸上相当于或大于传输的波长时,波706和708可以表现出在足够的距离上传播以支持本文所描述的各种通信系统的多波传播模式,包括基波和/或非基波(对称和/或非对称)模式。因此,波706和708可以包括多于一种类型的电和磁场配置。在实施例中,当导波708沿导线702传播时,电和磁场配置将从导线702的一端到另一端保持相同。在其他实施例中,当导波708遇到干扰(失真或障碍)或者由于传输损耗或散射而损耗能量时,电场配置和磁场配置可以在导波708沿导线702传播时改变。
在实施例中,弧形耦合器704可以由尼龙、特氟龙、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或其他塑料构成。在其他实施例中,其他电介质材料是可能的。导线702的导线表面可以是具有裸露的金属表面的金属,或者可以使用塑料、电介质、绝缘体或其他涂层、护套或外壳来绝缘。在实施例中,电介质或其他非导电/绝缘波导可以与裸/金属导线或绝缘导线配对。在其他实施例中,金属和/或导电波导可以与裸/金属导线或绝缘导线配对。在实施例中,在导线702的裸露金属表面上的氧化层(例如,由于裸露金属表面暴露于氧/空气而产生)也可以提供类似于由一些绝缘体或护套提供的绝缘或电介质性质。
应当注意的是,波706、708和710的图形表示仅仅是为了说明波706在例如作为单导线传输线路操作的导线702上感生或以其他方式发射导波708的原理。波710表示在生成导波708之后保留在弧形耦合器704上的波706的部分。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、一种或多种特定波传播模式、弧形耦合器704的设计、导线702的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁性质等而变化。
应当注意的是,弧形耦合器704可以在弧形耦合器704的端部包括可吸收来自波710的剩余辐射或能量的终止电路或阻尼器714。终止电路或阻尼器714可以防止和/或最小化来自波710的朝发射器电路712反射回的剩余辐射或能量。在实施例中,终止电路或阻尼器714可以包括终止电阻器和/或执行阻抗匹配以衰减反射的其他部件。在一些实施例中,如果耦合效率足够高,和/或波710足够小,那么可能不必使用终止电路或阻尼器714。为了简单起见,这些发射器电路712和终止电路或阻尼器714可能在其他附图中没有描绘出,但是在那些实施例中,可能使用发射器电路和终止电路或阻尼器。
另外,虽然呈现了生成单个导波708的单个弧形耦合器704,但是可以采用在沿导线702的不同点和/或在导线周围的不同方位取向放置的多个弧形耦合器704,以生成和接收处于相同或不同频率、处于相同或不同相位、处于相同或不同波传播模式的多个导波708。
图8,示出了图示弧形耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图800。在所示出的实施例中,耦合器704的至少一部分可以放置在导线702或其他传输介质(诸如传输介质125)附近,以便促进弧形耦合器704与导线702或其他传输介质之间的耦合,从而提取导波806的一部分作为如本文所述的导波808。弧形耦合器704可以被放置成使得弯曲的弧形耦合器704的一部分与导线702相切、并且平行或基本上平行。弧形耦合器704的与导线平行的所述部分可以是曲线的顶点、或者是曲线的切线与导线702平行的任何点。当弧形耦合器704被如此定位或放置时,沿导线702行进的波806至少部分地耦合至弧形耦合器704,并且作为导波808沿弧形耦合器704传播至接收设备(未明确示出)。波806没有耦合至弧形耦合器的一部分作为沿导线702或其他传输介质的波810传播。
在实施例中,波806可以表现出一种或多种波传播模式。所述弧形耦合器模式可以取决于耦合器704的形状和/或设计。导波806的一种或多种模式可以生成、影响或冲击沿弧形耦合器704传播的导波808的一种或多种导波模式。然而,应当特别注意的是,导波806中存在的导波模式可以与导波808的导波模式相同或不同。以此方式,导波806的一种或多种导波模式可以不被输送到导波808,并且进一步地,导波808的一种或多种导波模式可能尚未存在在导波806中。
现在参照图9A,示出了图示短截线耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图900。具体地,呈现了用于在诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102等传输设备中使用的包括短截线耦合器904的耦合设备。短截线耦合器904可以由电介质材料或其他低损耗绝缘体(例如,特氟龙、聚乙烯等)制成、或者由导电(例如,金属、非金属等)材料制成、或是由前述材料的任意组合制成。如所示出的,短截线耦合器904作为波导进行操作,并且具有作为导波在短截线耦合器904的波导表面周围进行传播的波906。在所示出的实施例中,短截线耦合器904的至少一部分可以放置在导线702或其他传输介质(诸如传输介质125)附近,以便促进短截线耦合器904与导线702或其他传输介质之间的耦合,如本文所述的以便在导线上发射导波908。
在实施例中,短截线耦合器904是弯曲的,并且短截线耦合器904的端部可以系到、紧固到或以其他方式机械耦合至导线702。当短截线耦合器904的端部紧固到导线702时,短截线耦合器904的端部与导线702平行或基本上平行。可替代地,超过端部的电介质波导的另一部分可以紧固或耦合至导线702,从而使得紧固或耦合部分与导线702平行或基本上平行。紧固件910可以是与短截线耦合器904分离或者被构造为短截线耦合器904的集成部件的尼龙电缆扎带或其他类型的非导电/电介质材料。短截线耦合器904可以与导线702邻近而不包围导线702。
就像结合图7所描述的弧形耦合器704,当短截线耦合器904被放置成其端部与导线702平行时,沿短截线耦合器904行进的导波906耦合至导线702,并且作为导波908在导线702的导线表面周围进行传播。在示例实施例中,导波908可以被特征化为表面波或其他电磁波。
应当注意的是,呈现波906和908的图形表示仅仅是为了示出波906在例如作为单导线传输线路操作的导线702上感生或以其他方式发射导波908的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电和磁场可以取决于耦合器的形状和/或设计、电介质波导与导线的相对位置、所采用的频率、短截线耦合器904的设计、导线702的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其可选的绝缘、周围环境的电磁性质等等当中一个或多个而改变。
在实施例中,短截线耦合器904的端部可以朝导线702逐渐变细,以便增加耦合效率。实际上,根据本主题披露内容的示例实施例,短截线耦合器904的端部的逐渐变细可以为导线702提供阻抗匹配并减少反射。例如,短截线耦合器904的端部可以逐渐变细,以便获得如图9A中所图示的波906与波908之间的期望水平的耦合。
在实施例中,紧固件910可以被放置成使得在紧固件910与短截线耦合器904的端部之间存在较短长度的短截线耦合器904。当超过紧固件910的短截线耦合器904的端部的长度是用于正被传输的任何频率的至少若干波长长时,最大的耦合效率在本实施例中被实现。
现在转到图9B,示出了图示根据本文所描述各个方面的电磁分布的示例非限制性实施例的简图950。具体地,在包括耦合器952的传输设备的两个维度中呈现了电磁分布,在由电介质材料构成的示例短截线耦合器中示出。耦合器952对作为导波沿着导线702或其他传输介质的外表面进行传播的电磁波进行耦合。
耦合器952经由对称导波模式将电磁波引导至x0处的接点。虽然沿着耦合器952进行传播的电磁波的一些能量在耦合器952的外部,但是此电磁波的大部分能量包含在耦合器952内。x0处的接点以与传输介质底部相对应的方位角将电磁波耦合至导线702或其他传输介质。此耦合感生了被引导以便在方向956上经由至少一种导波模式沿着导线702或其他传输介质的外表面进行传播的电磁波。导行电磁波的大部分能量在导线702或其他传输介质的外表面外部但非常接近所述外表面。在所示出的示例中,x0处的接点形成经由对称模式和至少一种非对称表面模式(诸如结合图3所呈现的一阶模式)两者进行传播的电磁波,所述至少一种非对称表面模式略过导线702或其他传输介质的表面。
将注意到的是,呈现导波的图形仅仅是为了图示导波耦合和传播的示例。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、耦合器952的设计和/或配置、导线702或其他传输介质的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其绝缘(如果存在的话)、周围环境的电磁性质等而变化。
现在转到图10A,图示的是根据本文所描述各个方面的耦合器和收发器系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图1000。所述系统是传输设备101或102的示例。具体地,通信接口1008是通信接口205的示例,短截线耦合器1002是耦合器220的示例,并且发射器/接收器设备1006、双信器1016、功率放大器1014、低噪声放大器1018、混频器1010和1020以及本地振荡器1012共同形成收发器210的示例。
在操作中,发射器/接收器设备1006发射和接收波(例如,到短截线耦合器1002上的导波1004)。导波1004可以用于通过通信接口1008传送从主机设备、基站、移动设备、建筑物或其他设备接收到的信号以及发送至其的信号。通信接口1008可以是系统1000的整体组成部分。可替代地,通信接口1008可以系留(tethered)到系统1000。通信接口1008可以包括用于接口连接至主机设备、基站、移动设备、建筑物或利用包括诸如红外数据协会(IrDA)协议等红外协议或其他视线光学协议在内的各种无线信令协议(例如,LTE、WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE802.xx等)中的任何一种的其他设备的无线接口。通信接口1008还可以包括有线接口,诸如光纤线路、同轴电缆、双绞线、第5类(CAT-5)电缆、或用于经由协议与主机设备、基站、移动设备、建筑物或其他设备进行通信的其他合适的有线或光学介质,所述协议诸如以太网协议、通用串行总线(USB)协议、有线电视电缆服务数据接口规范(DOCSIS)协议、数字用户线(DSL)协议、火线(IEEE 1394)协议或其他有线或光学协议。对于其中系统1000用作中继器的实施例,通信接口1008可以是不必要的。
通信接口1008的输出信号(例如,Tx)可以在混频器1010处与由本地振荡器1012生成的载波(毫米波载波)进行组合。混频器1010可以使用外差(heterodyning)技术或其他频移技术对来自通信接口1008的输出信号进行频移。例如,发送至通信接口1008和从通信接口发送的信号可以是调制信号,诸如根据长期演进(LTE)无线协议或其他无线3G、4G、5G或更高的语音和数据协议、Zigbee、WIMAX、超宽带或IEEE 802.11无线协议格式化的正交频分复用(OFDM)信号;有线协议,诸如以太网协议、通用串行总线(USB)协议、有线电视电缆服务数据接口规范(DOCSIS)协议、数字用户线(DSL)协议、火线(IEEE 1394)协议或其他有线或无线协议。在示例实施例中,这种变频可以在模拟域中进行,并且因此,可以在不考虑基站、移动设备或建筑物内设备使用的通信协议的类型的情况下进行频移。随着新通信技术被开发,通信接口1008可以被升级(例如,利用软件、固件和/或硬件被升级)或替换,并且频移和传输装置可以保留,从而简化升级。载波可以接着被发送至功率放大器(“PA”)1014并且可以经由双信器1016经由发射器接收器设备1006被传输。
从发射器/接收器设备1006接收到的朝通信接口1008引导的信号可以经由双信器1016与其他信号分离。接收到的信号可以接着被发送至低噪声放大器(“LNA”)1018以用于放大。借助于本地振荡器1012,混频器1020可以将接收到的信号(在一些实施例中在毫米波频带中或大约38GHz)降频到固有(native)频率。通信接口1008可以接着在输入端口(Rx)处接收传输。
在实施例中,发射器/接收器设备1006可以包括圆柱形或非圆柱形金属(例如,其在实施例中可以是中空的,但不一定按比例绘制)或其他导电或非导电波导,并且短截线耦合器1002的端部可以放在波导或发射器/接收器设备1006中或与其接近,使得当发射器/接收器设备1006生成传输时,导波耦合至短截线耦合器1002并作为导波1004在短截线耦合器1002的波导表面周围进行传播。在一些实施例中,导波1004可以部分地在短截线耦合器1002的外表面上并且部分地在短截线耦合器1002内部进行传播。在其他实施例中,导波1004可以基本上或完全在短截线耦合器1002的外表面上进行传播。在还有其他实施例中,导波1004可以基本上或完全在短截线耦合器1002内部进行传播。在这后一个实施例中,导波1004可以在短截线耦合器1002的端部(诸如图4中所示的逐渐变细的端部)进行辐射,以用于耦合至传输介质(诸如图7的导线702)。类似地,如果导波1004正在传入(从导线702耦合至短截线耦合器1002),则导波1004接着进入发射器/接收器设备1006并耦合至圆柱形波导或导电波导。虽然发射器/接收器设备1006被示为包括单独的波导——但是可以采用天线、空腔谐振器、速调管、磁控管、行波管或其他辐射元件来在耦合器1002上感生导波,需要或者不需要单独的波导。
在实施例中,短截线耦合器1002可以完全由电介质材料(或其他合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中没有任何金属或其他导电材料。短截线耦合器1002可以由尼龙、特氟龙、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其他塑料或其他非导电并适用于便于电磁波至少部分地在这些材料的外表面上的传输的材料构成。在另一实施例中,短截线耦合器1002可以包括导电/金属的芯,并且具有外部电介质表面。类似地,耦合至短截线耦合器1002用于传播由短截线耦合器1002感生出的电磁波或用于向短截线耦合器1002供应电磁波的传输介质可以完全由除裸导线或绝缘导线之外的电介质材料(或其他合适的绝缘材料)构成,其中没有任何金属或其他导电材料。
应当注意的是,虽然图10A示出发射器接收器设备1006的开口比短截线耦合器1002宽得多,但这不是按比例的,并且在其他实施例中,短截线耦合器1002的宽度与中空波导的开口相当或略小。但是在实施例中也未示出插入到发射器/接收器设备1006中的耦合器1002的端部逐渐变细,以便减少反射并增加耦合效率。
在耦合至短截线耦合器1002之前,由发射器/接收器设备1006生成的导波的一种或多种波导模式可以耦合至短截线耦合器1002,以感生导波1004的一种或多种波传播模式。由于中空金属波导和介质波导的不同特性,导波1004的波传播模式可以不同于中空金属波导模式。例如,导波1004的波传播模式可以包括基波横向电磁模式(准TEM00),其中只有小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且电场和磁场从短截线耦合器1002径向向外延伸,而导波沿短截线耦合器1002进行传播。在中空的波导内部可以或可以不存在基波横向电磁模式波传播模式。因此,由发射器/接收器设备1006使用的中空金属波导模式是可以有效且高效地耦合至短截线耦合器1002的波传播模式的波导模式。
应当认识到的是,发射器/接收器设备1006和短截线耦合器1002的其他构造或组合是可能的。例如,短截线耦合器1002'可以相对于发射器/接收器设备1006'(相应电路系统未示出)的中空金属波导的外表面切向地或平行地(有或没有间隙)被放置,如图10B的附图标记1000'所描绘的。在未由附图标记1000'示出的另一实施例中,短截线耦合器1002'可以放置在发射器/接收器设备1006'的中空金属波导的内部,而无需短截线耦合器1002'的轴与发射器/接收器设备1006'的中空金属波导的轴同轴对准。在这些实施例中的任一个当中,由发射器/接收器设备1006'生成的导波可以耦合至短截线耦合器1002'的表面,以感生短截线耦合器1002'上的导波1004'的一种或多种波传播模式,包括基波模式(例如,对称模式)和/或非基波模式(例如,非对称模式)。
在一个实施例中,导波1004'可以部分地在短截线耦合器1002'的外表面上并且部分地在短截线耦合器1002'内部进行传播。在另一实施例中,导波1004'可以基本上或完全在短截线耦合器1002'的外表面上进行传播。在还有其他实施例中,导波1004'可以基本上或完全在短截线耦合器1002'内部进行传播。在这后一个实施例中,导波1004'可以在短截线耦合器1002'的端部(诸如图9中所示逐渐变细的端部)进行辐射,以用于耦合至传输介质(诸如图9的导线702)。
还将认识到,发射器/接收器设备1006的其他构造是可能的。例如,发射器/接收器设备1006”(相应电路系统未示出)的中空金属波导(如在图10B中被描绘为附图标记1000”)可以相对于传输介质(诸如图4的导线702)的外表面切向或平行地放置(有或没有间隙),而不使用短截线耦合器1002。在本实施例中,由发射器/接收器设备1006”生成的导波可以耦合至导线702的表面,以感生导线702上导波908的一种或多种波传播模式,包括基波模式(例如,对称模式)和/或非基波模式(例如,非对称模式)。在另一实施例中,导线702可以定位在发射器/接收器设备1006”'(相应电路系统未示出)的中空金属波导内部,从而使得导线702的轴与中空金属波导的轴同轴(或不同轴)地对准,而不使用短截线耦合器1002——参见图10B的附图标记1000”'。在本实施例中,由发射器/接收器设备1006”'生成的导波可以耦合至导线702的表面,以感生导线上导波908的一种或多种波传播模式,包括基波模式(例如,对称模式)和/或非基波模式(例如,非对称模式)。
在1000”和1000”'的实施例中,针对具有绝缘外表面的导线702,导波908可以部分地在绝缘体的外表面上并且部分地在绝缘体内部进行传播。在实施例中,导波908可以基本上或完全在绝缘体的外表面上、或者基本上或完全在绝缘体内部进行传播。在1000”和1000”'的实施例中,针对作为裸导体的导线702,导波908可以部分地在导体的外表面上并且部分地在导体内部进行传播。在另一实施例中,导波908可以基本上或完全在导体的外表面上进行传播。
现在参照图11,示出了图示双短截线耦合器的示例非限制性实施例的框图1100。具体地,呈现了用于在诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102等传输设备中使用的双耦合器设计。在实施例中,两个或更多个耦合器(诸如短截线耦合器1104和1106)可以定位在导线1102周围以便接收导波1108。在实施例中,一个耦合器足以接收导波1108。在那种情况下,导波1108耦合至耦合器1104并作为导波1110进行传播。如果导波1108的场结构由于(多种)特定导波模式或各种外部因素而在导线1102周围振荡或波动,则耦合器1106可以被放置成使得导波1108耦合至耦合器1106。在一些实施例中,四个或更多个耦合器可以被放在导线1102的一部分周围,例如,相对于彼此处于90度或其他间距,以便接收可以在导线1102周围振荡或旋转的导波,其中导波已经在不同的方位取向被感生出或具有例如具有依赖取向的波瓣和/或空值或其他非对称性的非基波或更高阶模式。但是,应当认识到的是,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,可以在导线1102的一部分周围放置少于或多于四个耦合器。
应当注意的是,虽然耦合器1106和1104被图示为短截线耦合器,但是同样可以使用本文中描述的包括弧形耦合器、天线或喇叭状耦合器、磁耦合器等在内的任何其他耦合器设计。还将认识到,虽然一些示例实施例已经呈现了在导线1102的至少一部分周围的多个耦合器,但是此多个耦合器也可以被认为是具有多个耦合器子成分的单个耦合器系统的一部分。例如,两个或更多个耦合器可以被制造为单个系统,所述系统可以在单次安装中安装在导线周围,从而使得耦合器根据所述单个系统相对于彼此(手动地或自动地利用可控机构,诸如电机或其他致动器)预定位或可调节。
耦合至耦合器1106和1104的接收器可以使用分集组合来组合从耦合器1106和1104两者接收到的信号,以便最大化信号质量。在其他实施例中,如果耦合器1104和1106中的一个或另一个接收到高于预定阈值的传输,则接收器可以在决定使用哪个信号时使用选择分集。进一步地,虽然图示了由多个耦合器1106和1104进行的接收,但是同样可以发生由采用相同配置的耦合器1106和1104进行的传输。具体地,可以采用各式各样的多输入多输出(MIMO)传输和接收技术来进行传输,其中,传输设备(诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102)包括多个收发器和多个耦合器。
应当注意的是,呈现波1108和1110的图形表示仅仅是为了图示导波1108在耦合器1104上感生或以其他方式发射波1110的原理。作为这种波传播的结果而生成的实际电场和磁场可以取决于所采用的频率、耦合器1104的设计、导线1102的维度和组成以及其表面特性、其绝缘(若有的话)、周围环境的电磁性质等而变化。
现在参照图12,示出了图示中继器系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图1200。具体地,呈现了用于在诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102等传输设备中使用的中继器设备1210。在此系统中,两个耦合器1204和1214可以放置在导线1202或其他传输介质附近,从而使得沿着导线1202传播的导波1205作为波1206(例如,作为导波)由耦合器1204来提取,并且接着被中继器设备1210提升或中继并且作为波1216(例如,作为导波)被发射到耦合器1214上。波1216可以接着在导线1202上被发射并继续作为导波1217沿导线1202进行传播。在实施例中,中继器设备1210可以接收用于通过与导线1202的磁耦合来提升或中继的功率的至少一部分,例如,当导线1202是电力线路或以其他方式包含功率承载导体时。应当注意的是,虽然耦合器1204和1214被图示为短截线耦合器,但是同样可以使用本文中描述的包括弧形耦合器、天线或喇叭状耦合器、磁耦合器等任何其他耦合器设计。
在一些实施例中,中继器设备1210可以中继与波1206相关联的传输,并且在其他实施例中,中继器设备1210可以包括通信接口205,所述通信接口从波1206中提取数据或其他信号以便将这种数据或信号作为通信信号110或112供应至另一网络和/或一个或多个其他设备和/或从另一网络和/或一个或多个其他设备接收通信信号110或112,并且所述中继器设备发射其中嵌入了所接收通信信号110或112的导波1216。在中继器配置中,接收器波导1208可以从耦合器1204接收波1206,并且发射器波导1212可以将导波1216作为导波1217发射到耦合器1214上。在接收器波导1208与发射器波导1212之间,嵌入在导波1206中的信号和/或导波1216自身可以被放大,以校正信号损耗以及与导波通信相关联的其他低效率,或者信号可以被接收和处理以提取其中包含的数据并再生成以供传输。在实施例中,接收器波导1208可被配置用于从信号中提取数据,处理所述数据以利用例如纠错码来校正数据错误,并且利用经校正数据重新生成更新信号。发射器波导1212然后可以发射其中嵌入了更新信号的导波1216。在实施例中,嵌入在导波1206中的信号可以从传输中提取并被处理以用于作为通信信号110或112经由通信接口205与另一网络和/或一个或多个其他设备进行通信。类似地,由通信接口205接收到的通信信号110或112可以插入到由发射器波导1212生成并发射到耦合器1214上的导波1216的传输中。
应当注意的是,虽然图12分别示出了从左边进入并从右边离开的导波传输1206和1216,但这仅仅是简化而不旨在是限制的。在其他实施例中,接收器波导1208和发射器波导1212还可以分别充当发射器和接收器,从而允许中继器设备1210是双向的。
在实施例中,中继器设备1210可以放置在导线1202或其他传输介质上存在不连续或障碍物的位置处。在导线1202是电力线路的情况下,这些障碍物可以包括变压器、连接、电线杆和其他此类电力线路设备。中继器设备1210可以帮助导波(例如,表面波)跳过线路上的这些障碍物并且同时提升传输功率。在其他实施例中,可以使用耦合器来跳过障碍物而无需使用中继器设备。在此实施例中,耦合器的两端都可以系到或紧固到导线上,从而为导波提供行进的路径而不被障碍物阻挡。
现在转到图13,图示的是根据本文所描述各个方面的双向中继器的示例非限制性实施例的框图1300。具体地,呈现了用于在诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102等传输设备中使用的双向中继器设备1306。应当注意的是,虽然耦合器被图示为短截线耦合器,但是同样可以使用本文中描述的包括弧形耦合器、天线或喇叭状耦合器、磁耦合器等在内的任何其他耦合器设计。在存在两条或更多条导线或者其他传输介质的情况下,双向中继器1306可以采用分集路径。这种导波传输针对不同类型的传输介质(诸如绝缘导线、未绝缘导线、或其他类型的传输介质)具有不同的传输效率和耦合效率,并且进一步地,如果暴露于各要素下,可能会受到天气和其他大气状况的影响,可能有利的是在特定时间在不同传输介质上进行选择性传输。在各个实施例中,各种传输介质可以被指定为主要传输介质、次要传输介质或第三等传输介质等,而不管这种指定是否指示一种传输介质优于另一种传输介质。
在所示的实施例中,传输介质包括绝缘或未绝缘导线1302以及绝缘或未绝缘导线1304(本文中分别被称为导线1302和导线1304)。中继器设备1306使用接收器耦合器1308接收沿导线1302行进的导波,并且使用发射器波导1310中继传输作为沿导线1304的导波。在其他实施例中,中继器设备1306可以从导线1304切换到导线1302,或者可以沿相同的路径中继传输。中继器设备1306可以包括传感器,或者与指示可影响传输的状况的传感器(或图16A中所描绘的网络管理系统1601)进行通信。基于从传感器接收的反馈,中继器设备1306可以确定是沿着同一导线保持传输还是将传输输送到另一条导线。
现在转到图14,图示的是图示了双向中继器系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图1400。具体地,呈现了用于在诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102等传输设备中使用的双向中继器系统。所述双向中继器系统包括接收和发射来自位于分布式天线系统或回程系统中的其他耦合设备的传输的波导耦合设备1402和1404。
在各个实施例中,波导耦合设备1402可以接收来自另一波导耦合设备的传输,其中所述传输具有多个子载波。双信器1406可以将所述传输与其他传输分离,并且将所述传输指引到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)1408。在本地振荡器1412的帮助下,混频器1428可以将传输降频(其在一些实施例中在毫米波频带内或大约38GHz)到较低频率,诸如用于分布式天线系统的蜂窝频带(大约1.9GHz)、固有频率、或用于回程系统的其他频率。提取器(或解复用器)1432可以提取子载波上的信号并将信号指引到输出部件1422以用于由功率放大器1424进行可选放大、缓冲或隔离从而耦合至通信接口205。通信接口205可以进一步处理从功率放大器1424接收到的信号或者以其他方式通过无线或有线接口将这种信号传输至其他设备,诸如基站、移动设备、建筑物等。对于未在此位置提取的信号,提取器1432可以将其重新指引到另一混频器1436,其中,这些信号用于调制由本地振荡器1414生成的载波。所述载波连同其子载波被指引到功率放大器(“PA”)1416并且被波导耦合设备1404经由双信器1420重新传输至另一个系统。
LNA 1426可以被用来放大、缓冲或隔离由通信接口205接收到的信号,接着将所述信号发送至多路复用器1434,所述多路复用器将所述信号与已经从波导耦合设备1404接收到的信号进行合并。从耦合设备1404接收到的信号已经被双信器1420分离,接着传递通过LNA1418,并由混频器1438进行降频。当信号由多路复用器1434进行组合时,所述信号由混频器1430进行升频,接着由PA 1410提升,并且通过波导耦合设备1402继续传输至另一个系统。在实施例中,双向中继器系统可以仅仅是没有输出设备1422的中继器。在本实施例中,将不使用多路复用器1434,并且来自LNA 1418的信号将被指引至如先前所描述的混频器1430。应当认识到的是,在一些实施例中,双向中继器系统还可以使用两个不同且分离的单向中继器来实施。在替代实施例中,双向中继器系统还可以是提升器(booster)或以其他方式执行重新传输而无需降频和升频。实际上,在示例实施例中,重新传输可以基于在信号或导波的重新传输之前接收信号或导波并执行某种信号或导波处理或重新整形、滤波和/或放大。
现在参照图15,示出了图示导波通信系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图1500。此简图描绘了可以使用诸如结合图1所呈现的导波通信系统等导波通信系统的示例性实施例。
为了提供到附加基站设备的网络连接,将通信小区(例如,微小区和宏小区)链接到核心网络的网络设备的回程网络相应地扩展。类似地,为了提供到分布式天线系统的网络连接,期望链接基站设备及其分布式天线的扩展通信系统。可以提供诸如图15中所示的导波通信系统1500以启用替代的、增加的或附加的网络连接,并且可以提供波导耦合系统以在传输介质上发射和/或接收导波(例如,表面波)通信,所述传输介质诸如作为单导线传输线路(例如,公用设施线路)进行操作并且可用作波导和/或以其他方式进行操作以引导电磁波的传输的导线。
导波通信系统1500可以包括配电系统的第一实例1550,所述配电系统包括可通信地耦合至中心局1501和/或宏小区站点1502的一个或多个基站设备(例如,基站设备1504)。基站设备1504可以通过有线(例如,光纤和/或电缆)或者通过无线(例如,微波无线)连接而连接至宏小区站点1502和中心局1501。配电系统的第二实例1560可以用于向移动设备1522以及向住宅和/或商业机构1542(本文中被称为机构1542)提供无线语音和数据服务。系统1500可具有用于向如图15中所示的移动设备1522至1524和机构1542提供语音和/或数据服务的配电系统的附加实例1550和1560。
宏小区(诸如宏小区站点1502)可以具有到移动网络和基站设备1504的专用连接,或者可以共享和/或以其他方式使用另一连接。中心局1501可以用于向移动设备1522至1524和机构1542分配媒体内容和/或提供互联网服务提供商(ISP)服务。中心局1501可以接收来自卫星星座1530(其中之一在图15中被示出)的媒体内容或其他内容源,并且经由配电系统的第一和第二实例1550和1560将这种内容分配到移动设备1522至1524和机构1542。中心局1501还可以通信地耦合至互联网1503以用于向移动设备1522至1524和机构1542提供互联网数据服务。
基站设备1504可以安装在或附连到电线杆1516上。在其他实施例中,基站设备1504可以在变压器附近和/或在位于电力线路附近的其他位置的附近。基站设备1504可以便于移动设备1522和1524到移动网络的连接。分别在电线杆1518和1520上或它们附近安装的天线1512和1514可以从基站设备1504接收信号并且将那些信号在比如果天线1512和1514位于基站设备1504处或附近时宽得多的区域上传输至移动设备1522和1524。
应当注意的是,为了简单起见,图15在配电系统的每个实例1550和1560中显示了三个电线杆,具有一个基站设备。在其他实施例中,电线杆1516可以具有更多个基站设备、以及具有到机构1542的分布式天线和/或系留式连接的更多电线杆。
传输设备1506(诸如结合图1所呈现的传输设备101或102)可以经由连接电线杆1516、1518和1520的(多条)公用设施线路或电力线路将信号从基站设备1504传输至天线1512和1514。为了传输信号,无线电源和/或传输设备1506将来自基站设备1504的信号(例如,经由混频)上变频或以其他方式将来自基站设备1504的信号变频到微波频带信号,并且传输设备1506发射微波频带波,所述微波频带波作为沿着如在先前实施例中所描述的公用设施线路或其他导线行进的导波进行传播。在电线杆1518处,另一个传输设备1508接收导波(并且可选地可以根据需要或期望对其进行放大或者作为中继器进行操作以接收所述导波并重新生成所述导波)并且将其作为导波在公用设施线路或其他导线上前向发送。传输设备1508还可以从微波频带导波中提取信号并将其频率向下移动或以其他方式将其变频到其原始蜂窝频带频率(例如,1.9GHz或其他定义的蜂窝频率)或另一个蜂窝(或非蜂窝)频带频率。天线1512可以向移动设备1522无线传输降频后的信号。根据需要或期望,所述过程可以由传输设备1510、天线1514和移动设备1524来重复。
还可以分别由天线1512和1514接收来自移动设备1522和1524的发射。传输设备1508和1510可以将蜂窝频带信号升频或以其他方式变频到微波频带,并且将所述信号作为导波(例如,表面波或其他电磁波)传输在(多条)电力线路上传输至基站设备1504。
由中心局1501接收到的媒体内容可以经由基站设备1504供应至配电系统的第二实例1560以用于分配至移动设备1522和机构1542。传输设备1510可以通过一个或多个有线连接或无线接口系留到机构1542。所述一个或多个有线连接可以包括但不限于:电力线路、同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线电缆、导波传输介质、或用于分配媒体内容和/或用于提供互联网服务的其他合适的有线介质。在示例实施例中,来自传输设备1510的有线连接可以通信地耦合至位于一个或多个相应服务区域接口(SAI——未示出)或基架处的一个或多个特高比特率的数字用户线路(VDSL)调制解调器,每个SAI或基架向机构1542的一部分提供服务。VDSL调制解调器可以用于选择性地向位于机构1542中的网关(未示出)分配媒体内容和/或提供互联网服务。SAI或基架也可以通过诸如电力线路、同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线电缆、导波传输介质或其他合适的有线介质等有线介质通信地耦合至机构1542。在其他示例实施例中,传输设备1510可以直接通信地耦合至机构1542,而无需中间接口,诸如SAI或基架。
在另一示例实施例中,系统1500可以采用分集路径,其中两条或更多条公用设施线路或其他导线串接在电线杆1516、1518和1520之间(例如,例如在电线杆1516与电线杆1520之间的两条或更多条导线),并且来自基站/宏小区站点1502的冗余传输作为导波在公用设施线路或其他导线的表面下方被传输。公用设施线路或其他导线可以是绝缘的或未绝缘的,并且取决于造成传输损耗的环境状况,耦合设备可以选择性地从绝缘或未绝缘公用设施线路或其他导线接收信号。所述选择可以基于导线的信噪比的测量或者基于所确定的天气/环境状况(例如,湿度检测器、天气预报等)。与系统1500一起使用分集路径可以启用替代路由能力、负载均衡、增加的负载处理、并发的双向或同步通信、扩频通信等。
应当注意的是,图15中的传输设备1506、1508和1510的使用仅仅是示例性的,并且在其他实施例中,其他使用是可能的。例如,可以在回程通信系统中使用传输设备,从而向基站设备提供网络连接。传输设备1506、1508和1510可以用在期望在导线(无论是绝缘的还是不绝缘的)上传输导波通信的许多情况中。由于与可以承载高电压的导线没有接触或者与其具有有限的物理和/或电接触,因此传输设备1506、1508和1510是对其他耦合设备的改进。所述传输设备可以位于远离导线(例如,与导线隔开)和/或位于导线上,只要它不与导线电接触即可,因为电介质充当绝缘体,由此允许便宜、容易和/或较不复杂的安装。然而,如前所述,可以采用导电耦合器或非电介质耦合器,例如是在导线对应于电话网络、有线电视网络、宽带数据服务、光纤通信系统或采用低压或具有绝缘传输线的其他网络的配置中。
还应当注意的是,虽然在实施例中示出了基站设备1504和宏小区站点1502,但是其他网络配置同样是可能的。例如,可以以类似的方式采用诸如接入点或其他无线网关的设备来扩展其他网络(诸如无线局域网、无线个人区域网或者根据诸如802.11协议、WIMAX协议、UltraWideband协议、蓝牙协议、Zigbee协议或其他无线协议的通信协议操作的其他无线网络)的范围。
现在参照图16A和图16B,示出了图示一种用于对电网通信系统进行管理的系统的示例非限制性实施例的框图。考虑图16A,呈现了用于在诸如结合图15所呈现的系统等导波通信系统中使用的波导系统1602。波导系统1602可以包括传感器1604、电源管理系统1605、传输设备101或102,所述传输设备包括至少一个通信接口205、收发器210和耦合器220。
波导系统1602可以耦合至电力线路1610以用于促进根据本主题披露内容所描述实施例的导波通信。在示例实施例中,传输设备101或102包括耦合器220,所述耦合器用于在如本主题披露内容中所描述的电力线路1610的表面上感生沿着电力线路1610的表面纵向传播的电磁波。传输设备101或102还可以充当如在图12至图13中所示出的中继器,所述中继器用于在同一电力线路1610上重新传输电磁波或用于在电力线路1610之间路由电磁波。
传输设备101或102包括收发器210,所述收发器被配置用于例如将在原始频率范围上操作的信号上变频为以载波频率操作、展现载波频率或与载波频率相关联的电磁波,所述电磁波沿着用于感生相应导行电磁波的耦合器进行传播,所述相应导行电磁波沿着电力线路1610的表面进行传播。载波频率可以由具有定义电磁波带宽的上限截止频率和下限截止频率的中心频率来表示。电力线路1610可以是具有导电表面或绝缘表面的导线(例如,单股或多股)。收发器210还可以从耦合器220接收信号,并且将以载波频率操作的电磁波下变频为在其原始频率上的信号。
由传输设备101或102的通信接口205接收到的用于上变频的信号可以包括但不限于:由中心局1611在通信接口205的有线或无线接口上、由基站1614在通信接口205的有线或无线接口上供应的信号;由移动设备1620传输至基站1614以用于在通信接口205的有线或无线接口上传递的无线信号;由建筑物内通信设备1618在通信接口205的有线或无线接口上供应的信号;和/或由在通信接口205的无线通信范围内漫游的移动设备1612供应至通信接口205的无线信号。在波导系统1602用作诸如图12至图13中示出的中继器的实施例中,通信接口205可以或可以不包括在波导系统1602中。
沿着电力线路1610的表面进行传播的电磁波可以被调制和格式化为包括数据分组或数据帧,所述数据分组或数据帧包括数据有效载荷并且进一步包括联网信息(诸如用于标识一个或多个目的地波导系统1602的报头信息)。所述联网信息可以由波导系统1602或者诸如中心局1611、基站1614、移动设备1620、或建筑物内设备1618或其组合等始发设备来提供。另外,经调制的电磁波可以包括用于减轻信号扰动的纠错数据。所述联网信息和纠错数据可以由目的地波导系统1602用于检测指引至其的传输并且用于利用纠错数据对传输进行下变频和处理,所述传输包括被指引至通信地耦合至目的地波导系统1602的接收通信设备的语音信号和/或数据信号。
现在参照波导系统1602的传感器1604,传感器1604可以包括以下各项中的一项或多项:温度传感器1604a、扰动检测传感器1604b、能量损耗传感器1604c、噪声传感器1604d、振动传感器1604e、环境(例如,天气)传感器1604f、和/或图像传感器1604g。温度传感器1604a可以用于测量环境温度、传输设备101或102的温度、电力线路1610的温度、温度差异(例如,与设定点或基线相比、在传输设备101或102与1610之间等等)、或其任何组合。在一个实施例中,温度度量可以通过基站1614周期性采集并上报给网络管理系统1601。
扰动检测传感器1604b可以对电力线路1610执行测量以便检测诸如信号反射等扰动,所述扰动可以指示存在可能阻碍电磁波在电力线路1610上传播的下游扰动。信号反射可以表示由于例如由传输设备101或102在电力线路1610上传输的电磁波引起的失真,所述电磁波从位于传输设备101或102下游的电力线路1610中的扰动全部或部分地反射回至传输设备101或102。
信号反射可由电力线路1610上的障碍物引起。例如,当树枝位于电力线路1610上或者非常接近电力线路1610(这可能引起电晕放电)时,树枝可能引起电磁波反射。可能引起电磁波反射的其他障碍物可以包括但不限于:已经缠绕在电力线路1610上的物体(例如,衣服、利用鞋带缠绕在电力线路1610上的鞋等)、电力线路1610上的腐蚀积聚物或冰积聚物。电网部件也可能妨碍或阻碍电磁波在电力线路1610表面上传播。可能引起信号反射的电网部件的图示包括但不限于变压器以及用于连接拼接电力线路的接头。电力线路1610上的锐角也可能引起电磁波反射。
扰动检测传感器1604b可以包括用于进行以下操作的电路:将电磁波反射的幅值与由传输设备101或102传输的原始电磁波的幅值进行比较以确定电力线路1610中的下游扰动衰减了多少传输。扰动检测传感器1604b可以进一步包括用于对反射波进行频谱分析的频谱分析器电路。由频谱分析器电路生成的频谱数据可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其他人工智能、分类或比较技术来与频谱分布曲线进行比较以便基于例如与频谱数据最接近匹配的频谱分布曲线来标识扰动的类型。频谱分布曲线可以存储在扰动检测传感器1604b的存储器中,或者可以由扰动检测传感器1604b远程访问。所述分布曲线可以包括频谱数据,所述频谱数据对在电力线路1610上可能遇到的不同扰动进行建模,以便使得扰动检测传感器1604b能够局部地标识扰动。扰动的标识(如果已知的话)可以通过基站1614上报给网络管理系统1601。扰动检测传感器1604b还可以利用传输设备101或102来传输作为测试信号的电磁波以便确定电磁波反射的往返时间。由扰动检测传感器1604b测量的往返时间可以用于计算由电磁波行进直至反射发生的点的距离,这使得扰动检测传感器1604b能够计算从传输设备101或102到电力线路1610上的下游扰动的距离。
所计算的距离可以通过基站1614上报给网络管理系统1601。在一个实施例中,波导系统1602在电力线路1610上的位置对于网络管理系统1601可以是已知的,所述网络管理系统1601可以使用所述位置基于电网的已知拓扑来确定电力线路1610上的扰动的位置。在另一实施例中,波导系统1602可以向网络管理系统1601提供其位置以便辅助确定电力线路1610上的扰动的位置。波导系统1602的位置可以由波导系统1602根据存储在波导系统1602的存储器中的波导系统1602的预编程位置来获得,或者波导系统1602可使用包括在波导系统1602中的GPS接收器(未示出)来确定其位置。
电源管理系统1605向波导系统1602的前述部件提供能量。电源管理系统1605可以从太阳能电池、或者从耦合至电力线路1610的变压器(未示出)、或者通过电感耦合至电力线路1610或另一附近电力线路来接收能量。电源管理系统1605还可以包括备用电池和/或用于向波导系统1602提供临时电力的超级电容器或其他电容器电路。能量损耗传感器1604c可以用于检测波导系统1602何时具有电力丢失状况和/或某种其他故障的发生。例如,能量损耗传感器1604c可以检测何时存在由于缺陷太阳能电池、太阳能电池上使其发生故障的障碍物电力线路1610上的电力丢失而导致的电力丢失,和/或备用电力系统何时由于备用电池的失效、超级电容器中的可检测缺陷而发生故障。当发生故障和/或电力丢失时,能量损耗传感器1604c可以通过基站1614通知网络管理系统1601。
噪声传感器1604d可以用于测量电力线路1610上可能不利地影响电磁波在电力线路1610上的传输的噪声。噪声传感器1604d可以感测不期望的电磁干扰、噪声突发、或者可能中断在电力线路1610的表面上接收调制电磁波的其他扰动源。噪声突发可由例如电晕放电或其他噪声源引起。噪声传感器1604d可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其他人工智能、分类或比较技术将测量噪声与由波导系统1602从内部噪声分布曲线数据库或从存储噪声分布曲线的远程定位数据库获得的噪声曲线进行比较。通过比较,噪声传感器1604d可以基于例如向测量噪声提供最接近匹配的噪声分布曲线来标识噪声源(例如,电晕放电或其他)。噪声传感器1604d还可以通过测量诸如误比特率、分组丢失率、抖动、分组重传请求等传输度量来检测噪声如何影响传输。噪声传感器1604d可以通过基站1614向网络管理系统1601上报噪声源的身份、其发生时间、以及传输度量等。
振动传感器1604e可以包括用于检测电力线路1610上的2D或3D振动的加速度计和/或陀螺仪。可以经由模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或其他人工智能、分类或比较技术将所述振动与可以本地地存储在波导系统1602中或由波导系统1602从远程数据库获得的振动分布曲线进行比较。振动分布曲线可以例如用于基于例如向测量振动提供最接近匹配的振动分布曲线来将倒下的树与阵风进行区分。此分析的结果可以由振动传感器1604e通过基站1614上报给网络管理系统1601。
环境传感器1604f可以包括用于测量大气压、环境温度(其可以由温度传感器1604a来提供)、风速、湿度、风向和雨量等的气压计。环境传感器1604f可以采集原始信息,并且通过经由模式识别、专家系统、基于知识的系统或其他人工智能、分类或其他天气建模和预测技术将所述原始信息与可从波导系统1602的存储器或远程数据库获得的环境分布曲线进行比较来处理此信息,以便在其发生之前预测天气状况。环境传感器1604f可以将原始数据及其分析上报给网络管理系统1601。
图像传感器1604g可以是用于捕获波导系统1602附近的图像的数字相机(例如,电荷耦合器件或CCD成像器、红外相机等)。图像传感器1604g可以包括机电机构,以控制用于从多个视角(例如,顶表面、底表面、左表面、右表面等)检查电力线路1610的相机的移动(例如,实际位置或焦点/变焦)。可替代地,图像传感器1604g可以被设计为使得无需机电机构来获得所述多个视角。对由图像传感器1604g生成的成像数据的采集和检索可以由网络管理系统1601来控制,或者可以由图像传感器1604g自主采集并上报给网络管理系统1601。
可以由波导系统1602使用可适用于采集与波导系统1602和/或电力线路1610相关联的遥测信息以用于检测、预测和/或减轻可能阻碍电磁波传输在电力线路1610(或任何其他形式的电磁波传输介质)上传播的扰动的其他传感器。
现在参照图16B,框图1650图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的一种用于对电网1653和嵌入在其中或与其相关联的通信系统1655进行管理的系统的示例非限制性实施例。通信系统1655包括耦合至电网1653的电力线路1610的多个波导系统1602。在通信系统1655中使用的波导系统1602的至少一部分可以与基站1614和/或网络管理系统1601直接通信。未直接连接至基站1614或网络管理系统1601的波导系统1602可以通过连接至基站1614或网络管理系统1601的其他下游波导系统1602来与基站1614或网络管理系统1601进行通信会话。
网络管理系统1601可以通信地耦合至公共事业公司1652的装备和通信服务提供商1654的装备,以便分别向每个实体提供与电网1653和通信系统1655相关联的状态信息。网络管理系统1601、公共事业公司1652的装备、以及通信服务提供商1654可以接入由公共事业公司人员1656使用的通信设备和/或由通信服务提供商人员1658使用的通信设备,以用于提供状态信息和/或用于在管理电网1653和/或通信系统1655时指引这类人员。
图17A图示了一种用于检测并减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的扰动的方法1700的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1700可以以步骤1702开始,在所述步骤中,波导系统1602发射和接收消息,所述消息嵌入在沿着电力线路1610的表面行进的调制电磁波或另一种类型的电磁波中,或者形成所述调制电磁波或另一种类型的电磁波的一部分。所述消息可以是语音消息、流式视频、和/或在通信地耦合至通信系统1655的通信设备之间交换的其他数据/信息。在步骤1704处,波导系统1602的传感器1604可以采集感测数据。在实施例中,可以在步骤1702中发射和/或接收消息之前、期间或之后在步骤1704中采集感测数据。在步骤1706处,波导系统1602(或传感器1604自身)可以根据感测数据来确定通信系统1655中的扰动的实际或预测发生,所述扰动可以影响源自波导系统1602(例如,由波导系统传输)或由所述波导系统接收的通信。波导系统1602(或传感器1604)可以处理温度数据、信号反射数据、能量损耗数据、噪声数据、振动数据、环境数据、或其任何组合以便做出此判定。波导系统1602(或传感器1604)还可以检测、标识、估计、或预测扰动源和/或其在通信系统1655中的位置。如果在步骤1708中既未检测/标识、又未预测/估计扰动,则波导系统1602可以前进至步骤1702,在所述步骤中,其继续发射和接收消息,所述消息嵌入沿着电力线路1610的表面行进的调制电磁波中的、或形成所述调制电磁波的一部分。
如果在步骤1708处检测/标识或预测/估计到发生扰动,则波导系统1602前进至步骤1710以便判定扰动是否对消息在通信系统1655中的传输或接收带来了不利影响(或者可替代地,可能的不利影响或其可能不利影响的程度)。在一个实施例中,可以在步骤1710处使用持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值来确定扰动何时不利地影响通信系统1655中的通信。仅出于图示的目的,假设持续时间阈值被设定为500ms,而发生频率阈值被设定为在10秒的观察周期内发生5次扰动。因此,具有大于500ms的持续时间的扰动将触发持续时间阈值。另外,在10秒时间间隔内发生超过5次的任何扰动将触发发生频率阈值。
在一个实施例中,当仅超过了持续时间阈值时,扰动可被认为不利地影响通信系统1655中的信号完整性。在另一实施例中,当超过了持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值两者时,扰动可被认为不利地影响了通信系统1655中的信号完整性。因此,对于对不利地影响通信系统1655中的信号完整性的扰动进行分类而言,后一实施例比前一实施例更保守。将认识到的是,根据示例实施例,许多其他算法和相关联参数和阈值可以用于步骤1710。
返回参照方法1700,如果在步骤1710处,在步骤1708处检测到的扰动不满足受到不利影响的通信的条件(例如,既不超过持续时间阈值也不超过发生频率阈值),则波导系统1602可以前进至步骤1702并且继续处理消息。例如,如果在步骤1708中检测到的扰动具有1毫秒的持续时间、在10秒时间段内具有单次发生,则将不超过这两个阈值中的任何一个。因此,这种扰动可以被认为对通信系统1655中的信号完整性具有微乎其微的影响并且因此将不被标记为需要减轻的扰动。虽然未被标记,但是可以将扰动发生、其发生时间、其发生频率、频谱数据、和/或其他有用信息作为遥测数据上报给网络管理系统1601以用于监测目的。
返回参照步骤1710,如果另一方面扰动满足受到不利影响的通信的条件(例如,超过这两个阈值中的任一者或两者),则波导系统1602可以前进至步骤1712并且将所述事件上报给网络管理系统1601。所述报告可以包括由传感器1604采集的原始感测数据、波导系统1602对扰动的描述(如果已知的话)、扰动发生时间、扰动发生频率、与扰动相关联的位置、参数读数(诸如误比特率、分组丢失率、重传请求、抖动、延迟时间等)。如果扰动基于由波导系统1602的一个或多个传感器做出的预测,则所述报告可以包括期望扰动类型,并且如果是可预测的,当预测基于由波导系统1602的传感器1604采集的历史感测数据时,所述报告可以包括扰动的期望发生时间、以及预测扰动的期望发生频率。
在步骤1714处,网络管理系统1601可以确定减轻、规避、或校正技术,这种技术可以包括指引波导系统1602重新路由通信量以在可以确定扰动位置的情况下规避扰动。在一个实施例中,检测扰动的波导耦合设备1402可以指引中继器(诸如在图13至图14中示出的一个中继器)将波导系统1602从受扰动影响的主要电力线路连接至次要电力线路,以便使得波导系统1602能够将通信量重新路由至不同的传输介质并避免扰动。在波导系统1602被配置为中继器的实施例中,波导系统1602可以自己将通信量从主要电力线路重新路由至次要电力线路。应当进一步注意的是,针对双向通信(例如,全双工通信或半双工通信),中继器可以被配置用于将通信量从次要电力线路重新路由回至主要电力线路以供波导系统1602进行处理。
在另一实施例中,波导系统1602可以通过以下方式来重新指引通信量:指示位于扰动上游的第一中继器和位于扰动下游的第二中继器以避免扰动的方式将通信量从主要电力线路暂时重新指引至次要电力线路并重新指引回至主要电力线路。应当进一步注意的是,针对双向通信(例如,全双工通信或半双工通信),中继器可以被配置用于将通信量从次要电力线路重新路由回至主要电力线路。
为了避免中断在次要电力线路上发生的现有通信会话,网络管理系统1601可以指引波导系统1602指示(多个)中继器使用次要电力线路的(多个)未使用时隙和/或(多个)频带来将数据和/或语音通信量重新指引远离主要电力线路从而规避扰动。
在步骤1716处,当通信量正被重新路由以避免扰动时,网络管理系统1601可以通知公共事业公司1652的装备和/或通信服务提供商1654的装备,其进而可以向公共事业公司的人员1656和/或通信服务提供商的人员1658通知所检测到的扰动及其位置(如果已知的话)。来自任一方的现场人员可以致力于解决在所确定的扰动位置处的扰动。一旦由公共事业公司的人员和/或通信服务提供商的人员移除或以其他方式减轻了扰动,则这些人员可以使用通信地耦合至网络管理系统1601的现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机、智能电话等)、和/或公共事业公司和/或通信服务提供商的装备来通知其对应的公司和/或网络管理系统1601。所述通知可以包括对如何减轻扰动的描述、以及对电力线路1610的可以改变通信系统1655的拓扑的任何变化。
一旦已经解决了扰动(如在决策1718中确定的),则网络管理系统1601就可以在步骤1720处指引波导系统1602恢复由波导系统1602使用的先前路由配置,或者如果用于减轻扰动的恢复策略引起了通信系统1655的新网络拓扑时根据新的路由配置对通信量进行路由。在另一实施例中,波导系统1602可以被配置用于通过在电力线路1610上发射测试信号来监测扰动的减轻,从而确定扰动何时已经被移除。一旦波导系统1602检测到不存在扰动,如果其确定通信系统1655的网络拓扑尚未改变则其可以自主地恢复其路由配置而无需网络管理系统1601的辅助,或者其可以使用适配于所检测到的新网络拓扑的新路由配置。
图17B图示了一种用于检测并减轻在图16A和图16B的系统的通信网络中发生的扰动的方法1750的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。在一个实施例中,方法1750可以以步骤1752开始,在所述步骤中,网络管理系统1601从公共事业公司1652的装备或通信服务提供商1654的装备接收与维护安排相关联的维护信息。网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1754处根据维护信息来标识有待在维护安排期间执行的维护活动。通过这些活动,网络管理系统1601可以检测由于维护(例如,电力线路1610的事先安排的置换、电力线路1610上的波导系统1602的事先安排的置换、电网1653中的电力线路1610的事先安排的重配置等)而产生的扰动。
在另一实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1755处接收来自一个或多个波导系统1602的遥测信息。除其他以外,所述遥测信息可以包括:提交遥测信息的每个波导系统1602的身份;由每个波导系统1602的传感器1604进行的测量;与由每个波导系统1602的传感器1604检测到的预测扰动、估计扰动或实际扰动相关的信息;与每个波导系统1602相关联的位置信息;所检测扰动的估计位置、扰动的标识等。网络管理系统1601可以根据遥测信息来确定可能不利于波导操作、沿导线表面的电磁波传输、或这两者的扰动的类型。网络管理系统1601还可以使用来自多个波导系统1602的遥测信息以便隔离和标识扰动。另外,网络管理系统1601可以请求来自在受影响波导系统1602附近的波导系统1602的遥测信息以便对扰动的位置进行三角测量和/或通过接收来自其他波导系统1602的相似遥测信息来验证扰动的标识。
在又另一实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1756处接收来自维护现场人员的事先未安排的活动报告。事先未安排的维护可能由于未计划的现场调用而发生,或者由于在现场调用或事先安排的维护活动期间发现的不期望的现场问题而发生。活动报告可以标识由于现场人员解决通信系统1655和/或电网1653中所发现的问题所引起的电网1653的拓扑配置的变化、一个或多个波导系统1602的变化(诸如其置换或修复)、所执行的扰动减轻(若有的话)等。
在步骤1758处,网络管理系统1601可以通过根据步骤1752至1756接收到的报告来判定扰动是否将基于维护安排发生、或者判定扰动是否已经发生或者预测扰动基于遥测数据发生、或者判定是否由于在现场活动报告中标识的未计划维护而已经发生了扰动。通过任何这些报告,网络管理系统1601可以判定所检测或预测到的扰动是否需要由通信系统1655的受影响波导系统1602或其他波导系统1602对通信量进行重新路由。
当在步骤1758处检测或预测到扰动时,则网络管理系统1601可以前进至步骤1760,在所述步骤中,所述网络管理系统可以指引一个或多个波导系统1602对通信量进行重新路由以规避扰动。当扰动由于电网1653的永久拓扑变化而是永久的时,网络管理系统1601可以前进至步骤1770并且越过步骤1762、1764、1766和1772。在步骤1770处,网络管理系统1601可以指引一个或多个波导系统1602使用适配于新拓扑的新路由配置。然而,当已经通过由一个或多个波导系统1602供应的遥测信息检测到扰动时,网络管理系统1601可以向公共事业公司的维护人员1656或通信服务提供商的维护人员1658通知扰动的位置、扰动的类型(如果已知的话)、以及可能有助于这种人员减轻扰动的相关信息。当预期扰动是由于维护活动引起时,网络管理系统1601可以指引一个或多个波导系统1602以给定安排(与维护安排一致)对通信量路由进行重新配置,以避免在维护安排期间由维护活动引起的扰动。
返回至步骤1760并且在其完成时,过程可以继续步骤1762。在步骤1762处,网络管理系统1601可以监测(多个)扰动何时已经被现场人员减轻。可以在步骤1762处通过分析由现场人员利用现场装备(例如,膝上型计算机或手持计算机/设备)通过通信网络(例如,蜂窝通信系统)提交给网络管理系统1601的现场报告来检测扰动的减轻。如果现场人员已经上报扰动已经减轻,则网络管理系统1601可以前进至步骤1764以便根据现场报告来判定是否需要拓扑变化来减轻扰动。拓扑变化可以包括:重新路由电力线路1610、重新配置波导系统1602以便利用不同的电力线路1610、以其他方式利用替代链路来旁路扰动等。如果已经发生拓扑变化,则网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1770处指引一个或多个波导系统1602使用适配于新拓扑的新路由配置。
然而,如果现场人员尚未上报拓扑变化,则网络管理系统1601可以前进至步骤1766,在所述步骤中,所述网络管理系统可以指引一个或多个波导系统1602发送测试信号以便测试在(多次)检测扰动之前已经使用的路由配置。可以将测试信号发送至在扰动附近的受影响波导系统1602。测试信号可以用于判定信号扰动(例如,电磁波反射)是否被任一个波导系统1602检测到。如果测试信号确认之前的路由配置不再遭受先前所检测到的(多次)扰动,则网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1772处指引受影响波导系统1602恢复先前的路由配置。然而,如果由一个或多个波导耦合设备1402分析并被上报给网络管理系统1601的测试信号指示存在(多次)扰动或(多次)新的扰动,则网络管理系统1601将前进至步骤1768并且将此信息上报给现场人员以便进一步解决现场问题。在此情况下,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1762处继续监测(多次)扰动的减轻。
在前述实施例中,波导系统1602可以被配置用于自适应于电网1653的变化和/或扰动的减轻。也就是说,一个或多个受影响波导系统1602可以被配置用于自监测扰动的减轻并且重新配置通信量路由,而无需由网络管理系统1601向其发送指令。在本实施例中,可自配置的所述一个或多个波导系统1602可以向网络管理系统1601告知其路由选择,从而使得网络管理系统1601可以维持通信系统1655的通信拓扑的宏观视图。
虽然为了简化说明的目的,所述对应方法分别被示出和描述为图17A和图17B一系列方框,但是应当理解和认识到,所要求保护的主题不受方框的顺序限制,因为一些方框可以与其他方框以与本文所描绘和描述的不同的顺序发生和/或同时发生。此外,可能并不需要所有图示的方框来实施本文所描述的方法。
现在转到图18A,示出了图示根据本主题披露内容的各个方面的通信系统1800的示例非限制性实施例的框图。通信系统1800可以包括宏基站1802,诸如具有覆盖一个或多个扇区(例如,6或更多个扇区)的天线的基站或接入点。宏基站1802可以被通信地耦合至通信节点1804A,所述通信节点充当用于分布在宏基站1802的覆盖区域之内或之外的不同地理位置处的其他通信节点1804B-E的主节点或分配节点。通信节点1804作为分布式天线系统进行操作,所述分布式天线系统被配置用于处理与诸如移动设备(例如,手机)和/或固定的/静止的设备(例如,住宅、或商业机构中的通信设备)等无线地耦合至任何通信节点1804的客户端设备相关联的通信通信量。具体地,可以通过允许和/或指引某些移动的和/或静止的设备利用在所述移动设备或静止设备的通信范围内的通信节点1804的无线资源来使宏基站1802的无线资源可用于移动设备。
通信节点1804A-E可以通过接口1810而通信地耦合至彼此。在一个实施例中,接口1810可以包括有线接口或系留式接口(例如,光纤电缆)。在其他实施例中,接口1810可以包括形成无线电分布式天线系统的无线RF接口。在各个实施例中,通信节点1804A-E可以被配置用于根据由宏基站1802提供的指令来向移动设备和静止设备提供通信服务。然而,在其他操作示例中,通信节点1804A-E仅作为模拟中继器进行操作以便将宏基站1802的覆盖范围扩展遍及各个通信节点1804A-E的整个范围。
微基站(描绘为通信节点1804)可以在若干方面不同于宏基站。例如,微基站的通信范围可以小于宏基站的通信范围。因此,由微基站消耗的电力可以少于由宏基站消耗的电力。宏基站可选地指示微基站关于这些微基站将与哪些移动设备和/或静止设备进行通信、以及当与某些移动设备或静止设备进行通信时将由这些微基站使用哪个载波频率、(多个)频谱片段和/或这类(多个)频谱片段的时隙调度。在这些情况下,可以采用主-从配置或其他合适的控制配置来执行由宏基站对微基站的控制。无论是独立地进行操作还是在宏基站1802的控制下进行操作,微基站的资源都可以比由宏基站1802利用的资源更简单并且成本更低。
现在转到图18B,示出了图示图18A的通信系统1800的通信节点1804B-E的示例非限制性实施例的框图。在此图示中,通信节点1804B-E被放置在诸如灯柱等公用设施固定装置上。在其他实施例中,通信节点1804B-E中的一些可以被放置在用于分配电力和/或通信线路的建筑物或电线柱或电线杆上。这些图示中的通信节点1804B-E可以被配置用于通过接口1810彼此进行通信,所述接口在此图示中被示出为无线接口。通信节点1804B-E还可以被配置用于通过遵循一种或多种通信协议(例如,诸如LTE信号或其他4G信号等第四代(4G)无线信号、第五代(5G)无线信号、WiMAX、802.11信号、超宽带信号等)的无线接口1811来与移动设备或静止设备1806A-C进行通信。通信节点1804可以被配置用于通过接口1810以可比用于通过接口1811与移动设备或静止设备进行通信的操作频率(例如,1.9GHz)更高的操作频率(例如,28GHz、38GHz、60GHz、80GHz或更高)来交换信号。较高的载波频率和较宽的带宽可以用于在通信节点1804之间进行通信,以使得通信节点1804能够经由一个或多个不同的频带(例如,900MHz频带、1.9GHz频带、2.4GHz频带、和/或5.8GHz频带等)和/或一种或多种不同的协议向多个移动设备或静止设备提供通信服务,如将由下文描述的图19A的频谱下行链路简图和频谱上行链路简图所图示的。在其他实施例中,特别是在经由导波通信系统在导线上实施接口1810的情况下,可以采用较低频率范围(例如,在2GHz至6GHz、4GHz至10GHz等的范围内)中的宽带频谱。
现在转到图18C至18D,示出了图示图18A的通信系统1800的通信节点1804的示例非限制性实施例的框图。通信节点1804可以附接至诸如图18C中示出的电线柱或电线杆等公用设施固定装置的支撑结构1818。通信节点1804可以利用由塑料或其他合适的材料构造的附接至通信节点1804的端部的臂1820来附着至支撑结构1818。通信节点1804可以进一步包括覆盖通信节点1804的各部件的塑料壳体组件1816。通信节点1804可以由电力线路1821(例如,110/220VAC)来供电。电力线路1821可以源自灯杆或者可以耦合至电线杆的电力线路。
在通信节点1804与如图18B中示出的其他通信节点1804进行无线通信的实施例中,通信节点1804的顶侧1812(还在图18D中图示)可以包括耦合至一个或多个收发器(诸如,例如图14中图示的收发器1400的全部或部分)的多个天线1822(例如,没有金属表面的16个电介质天线)。顶侧1812的所述多个天线1822中的每个天线可以作为通信节点1804的扇区进行操作,每个扇区被配置用于与所述扇区的通信范围内的至少一个通信节点1804进行通信。可替代地或以组合的方式,通信节点1804之间的接口1810可以是系留式接口(例如,光纤电缆、或用于传送如先前所描述的导行电磁波的电力线路)。在其他实施例中,接口1810可以在通信节点1804之间有所不同。即,一些通信节点1804可以通过无线接口进行通信,而其他通信节点通过系留式接口进行通信。在又其他实施例中,一些通信节点1804可以利用组合的无线和系留式接口。
通信节点1804的底侧1814还可以包括用于以适用于移动设备或静止设备1806的载波频率与一个或多个移动设备或静止设备1806进行无线通信的多个天线1824。如较早所指出的,由通信节点1804用于通过图18B中示出的无线接口1811与移动设备或静止设备进行通信所使用的载波频率可以不同于用于通过接口1810在通信节点1804之间进行通信的载波频率。通信节点1804的底部部分1814的所述多个天线1824还可以利用收发器,诸如,例如图14中图示的收发器1400的全部或部分。
现在转到图19A,示出了图示用于使得基站能够与图18A的通信节点1804进行通信的下行链路和上行链路通信技术的示例非限制性实施例的框图。在图19A的图示中,下行链路信号(即,被从宏基站1802指引到通信节点1804的信号)可以被频谱划分成:控制信道1902;下行链路频谱片段1906,这些频谱片段各自包括调制信号,所述调制信号可以被变频至其原始/固有频带以使得通信节点1804能够与一个或多个移动设备或静止设备1906进行通信;以及导频信号1904,这些导频信号可以被供应以频谱片段1906中的一些或全部,以便减轻通信节点1904之间产生的失真。导频信号1904可以由下行通信节点1804的顶侧1816(系留式或无线)收发器进行处理,以便从接收信号中去除失真(例如,相位失真)。每个下行链路频谱片段1906可以被分派足够宽(例如,50MHz)的带宽1905,以便包括相应导频信号1904以及位于频谱片段1906中的频率信道(或频隙)中的一个或多个下行链路调制信号。这些调制信号可以表示可由通信节点1804用于与一个或多个移动设备或静止设备1806进行通信的蜂窝信道信号、WLAN信道信号或其他调制通信信号(例如,10MHz至20MHz)。
对由移动或静止通信设备生成的上行链路经调制信号(其固有/原始频带中)进行变频并且由此定位于上行链路频谱片段1910中的频率信道(或频隙)中。上行链路调制信号可以表示蜂窝信道信号、WLAN信道信号或其他调制通信信号。每个上行链路频谱片段1910可以被分派相似或相同的带宽1905以便包括导频信号1908,所述导频信号可以提供有一些或每个频谱片段1910以使得上行通信节点1804和/或宏基站1802能够去除失真(例如,相位误差)。
在所示出的实施例中,下行链路频谱片段1906和上行链路频谱片段1910各自包括多个频率信道(或频隙),其中,可以利用已经从任何数量的固有/原始频带(例如,900MHz频带、1.9GHz频带、2.4GHz频带、和/或5.8GHz频带等)进行变频的调制信号来占用所述多个频率信道。调制信号可以被上变频至下行链路频谱片段1906和上行链路频谱片段1910中的相邻频率信道。以此方式,尽管下行链路频谱片段1906中的一些相邻频率信道可以包括起初在同一固有/原始频带中的调制信号,但是下行链路频谱片段1906中的其他相邻频率信道还可以包括起初在不同固有/原始频带中、但被变频成位于下行链路频谱片段1906的相邻频率信道中的调制信号。例如,可以对处于1.9GHz频带中的第一调制信号和处于同一频带(即,1.9GHz)中的第二调制信号进行变频,并由此将其定位在下行链路频谱片段1906的相邻频率信道中。在另一个图示中,可以对处于1.9GHz频带中的第一调制信号和处于不同频带(即,2.4GHz)中的第二通信信号进行变频,并由此将其定位在下行链路频谱片段1906的相邻频率信道中。因此,可以利用具有相同或不同信令协议与相同或不同固有/原始频带的调制信号的任何组合来占用下行链路频谱片段1906的频率信道。
类似地,尽管上行链路频谱片段1910中的一些相邻频率信道可以包括起初在同一频带中的调制信号,但是上行链路频谱片段1910中的相邻频率信道还可以包括起初在不同固有/原始频带中、但被变频成位于上行链路片段1910的相邻频率信道中的调制信号。例如,可以对处于2.4GHz频带中的第一通信信号和处于同一频带(即,2.4GHz)中的第二通信信号进行变频,并由此将其定位在上行链路频谱片段1910的相邻频率信道中。在另一个图示中,可以对处于1.9GHz频带中的第一通信信号和处于不同频带(即,2.4GHz)中的第二通信信号进行变频,并由此将其定位在上行链路频谱片段1906的相邻频率信道中。因此,可以利用具有相同或不同信令协议与相同或不同固有/原始频带的调制信号的任何组合来占用上行链路频谱片段1910的频率信道。应当注意的是,取决于适当位置处的频谱分配,下行链路频谱片段1906与上行链路频谱片段1910可以本身彼此相邻且仅由保护带分开或以其他方式由更大的频率间隔分开。
现在转到图19B,示出了图示通信节点的示例非限制性实施例的框图1920。具体地,诸如无线电分布式天线系统的通信节点1804A等通信节点设备包括基站接口1922、双工器/双信器组件1924、以及两个收发器1930和1932。然而,应当注意的是,当通信节点1804A与诸如宏基站1802等基站协同定位时,可以省略双工器/双信器组件1924和收发器1930,并且收发器1932可以直接耦合至基站接口1922。
在各个实施例中,基站接口1922接收具有第一频谱片段中的一个或多个下行链路信道的第一调制信号,以便发射至客户端设备,诸如一个或多个移动通信设备。第一频谱片段表示第一调制信号的原始/固有频带。第一调制信号可以包括遵循诸如LTE或其他4G无线协议、5G无线通信协议、超宽带协议、WiMAX协议、802.11或其他无线局域网协议和/或其他通信协议等信令协议的一个或多个下行链路通信信道。双工器/双信器组件1924将处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号输送至收发器1930,以便作为自由空间无线信号与在通信节点1804A范围内的一个或多个移动通信设备进行直接通信。在各个实施例中,收发器1930是经由仅提供以下各项的模拟电路系统来实施的:滤波,用于使调制信号的处于其原始/固有频带中的下行链路信道和上行链路信道的频谱通过同时衰减带外信号;功率放大;发射/接收交换;双工;双信;以及阻抗匹配,用于驱动对接口1810的无线信号进行发送和接收的一个或多个天线。
在其他实施例中,收发器1932被配置用于执行对处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号到处于第一载波频率下的第一调制信号的变频——将第一调制信号从第一频谱片段频移到另一频谱片段。在各个实施例中,可以基于对第一调制信号的模拟信号处理在不修改第一调制信号的信令协议的情况下执行这种变频。处于第一载波频率下的第一调制信号可以占用下行链路频谱片段1906的一个或多个频率信道。第一载波频率可以位于毫米波或微波频带中。如本文所使用的,模拟信号处理包括滤波、交换、双工、双信、放大、频率升降变换、以及不需要诸如包括但不限于模数转换、数模转换或数字变频等数字信号处理的其他模拟处理。在其他实施例中,收发器1932可以被配置用于通过在不利用任何形式的模拟信号处理的情况下向第一调制信号施加数字信号处理且在不修改第一调制信号的信令协议的情况下执行对处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号到第一载波频率的变频。在又其他实施例中,收发器1932可以被配置用于通过向第一调制信号施加数字信号处理和模拟处理的组合且在不修改第一调制信号的信令协议的情况下执行对处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号到第一载波频率的变频。
收发器1932可以进一步被配置用于将一个或多个控制信道、诸如导频信号或其他参考信号等一个或多个相应参考信号、和/或一个或多个时钟信号连同第一载波频率下的第一调制信号一起传输至分布式天线系统的网络元件,诸如一个或多个下行通信节点1904B-E,以便一旦第一调制信号由所述网络元件变频至第一频谱片段就将第一调制信号无线地分配至一个或多个其他移动通信设备。具体地,参考信号使得网络元件能够减小在对第一调制信号从第一载波频率到第一频谱片段的处理期间的相位误差(和/或其他形式的信号失真)。控制信道可以包括多条指令,这些指令用于指引分布式天线系统的通信节点将处于第一载波频率下的第一调制信号变换成处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号,以便控制频率选择且重用模式、切换和/或其他控制信令。在经由控制信道发射和接收的指令是数字信号的实施例中,收发器1932可以包括提供模数转换、数模转换并且处理经由控制信道发送和/或接收的数字数据的数字信号处理部件。可以利用使用下行链路频谱片段1906供应的时钟信号来同步由下行通信节点1904B-E为了从控制信道中恢复指令和/或提供其他时序信号而进行的数字控制信道处理的时序。
在各个实施例中,收发器1932可以从诸如通信节点1804B-E等网络元件接收处于第二载波频率下的第二调制信号。第二调制信号可以包括由一个或多个调制信号占用的遵循诸如LTE或其他4G无线协议、5G无线通信协议、超宽带协议、802.11或其他无线局域网协议和/或其他通信协议等信令协议的一个或多个上行链路频率信道。具体地,移动或静止通信设备生成处于第二频谱片段(诸如原始/固有频带)中的第二调制信号,并且网络元件将处于第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号变频成处于第二载波频率下的第二调制信号、并且当处于第二载波频率下的第二调制信号被通信节点1804A接收时对其进行发射。收发器1932进行操作以将处于第二载波频率下的第二调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号,并且经由双工器/双信器组件1924和基站接口1922将处于第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号发送至诸如宏基站1802等基站以便进行处理。
考虑在分布式天线系统中实施通信节点1804A的以下示例。可以利用根据DOCSIS2.0或更高级的标准协议、WiMAX标准协议、超宽带协议、802.11标准协议、诸如LTE协议等4G或5G语音和数据协议和/或其他标准通信协议所调制和以其他方式格式化的信号来占用上行链路频谱片段1910中的上行链路频率信道以及下行链路频谱片段1906中的下行链路频率信道。除了遵循当前标准的协议之外,可以对这些协议中的任何协议进行修改以便结合图18A的系统一起进行操作。例如,可以对802.11协议或其他协议进行修改以包括附加指南和/或单独的数据信道,从而在更宽的区域上提供冲突检测/多址接入(例如,允许经由下行链路频谱片段1906或上行链路频谱片段1910的特定频率信道进行通信的网络元件或通信地耦合至所述网络元件的通信设备听到彼此)。在各个实施例中,上行链路频谱片段1910的所有上行链路频率信道以及下行链路频谱片段1906的所有下行链路频率信道可以全部根据同一通信协议而被格式化。然而,在替代方案中,可以在上行链路频谱片段1910和下行链路频谱片段1906两者上采用两种或更多种不同的协议来例如与各种各样的客户端设备兼容和/或在不同的频带中进行操作。
当采用两种或更多种不同的协议时,可以根据第一标准协议来对下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道的第一子集进行调制;并且可以根据不同于所述第一标准协议的第二标准协议来对下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道的第二子集进行调制。同样,可以由所述系统接收上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道的第一子集以便根据所述第一标准协议进行解调;并且可以根据第二标准协议接收上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道的第二子集以便根据不同于所述第一标准协议的所述第二标准协议进行解调。
根据这些示例,基站接口1922可以被配置用于从诸如宏基站1802等基站或其他通信网络元件处接收调制信号,诸如处于其原始/固有频带中的一个或多个下行链路信道。类似地,基站接口1922可以被配置用于向基站供应从另一个网络设备处接收的调制信号,所述调制信号被变频成具有处于其原始/固有频带中的一个或一个上行链路信道的调制信号。基站接口1922可以经由与宏基站或其他网络元件双向地传达诸如上行链路信道和下行链路信道(处于其原始/固有频带中)、通信控制信号以及其他网络信令等通信信号的有线或无线接口来实施。双工器/双信器组件1924被配置用于将在其原始/固有频带中的下行链路信道输送至收发器1932,所述收发器将下行链路信道的频率从其原始/固有频带变频至接口1810的频谱——在这种情况下,为用于将通信信号下行传送至分布式天线系统的在通信设备1804A范围内的一个或多个其他通信节点1804B-E的无线通信链路。
在各个实施例中,收发器1932包括模拟无线电,所述模拟无线电通过混频或其他外差动作对下行链路信道信号(处于其原始/固有频带中)进行变频,以便生成占用下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道的经变频下行链路信道信号。在此图示中,下行链路频谱片段1906在接口1810的下行链路频带之内。在实施例中,下行链路信道信号被从其原始/固有频带上变频至下行链路频谱片段1906的28GHz、38GHz、60GHz、70GHz或80GHz频带,以便与一个或多个其他通信节点1804B-E进行视距无线通信。然而,应当注意的是,针对下行链路频谱片段1906同样可以采用其他频带(例如,3GHz至5GHz)。例如,收发器1932可以被配置用于:在接口1810的频带下降到一个或多个下行链路信道信号的原始/固有频谱带之下的情况下,对处于其原始/固有频谱带中的所述一个或多个下行链路信道信号进行下变频。
收发器1932可以被耦合至:用于与通信节点设备1804B进行通信的多个单独天线,诸如结合图18D呈现的天线1822;或用于与不同位置处的多个设备进行通信的相控天线阵列、可转向波束或多波束天线系统。双工器/双信器组件1924可以包括双工器、三工器、分离器、开关、路由器和/或作为“信道双工器”进行操作以提供在多条通信路径上经由上行链路信道和下行链路信道的一个或多个原始/固有频谱片段的双向通信的其他组件。
除了将经变频的调制信号以不同于其原始/固有频谱频带的载波频率下行转发至在其他通信节点1804B-E之外,通信节点1804A还可以经由无线接口1811将未从其原始/固有频谱频带修改的调制信号的全部或选定部分传达至在通信节点1804A的无线通信范围内的客户端设备。双工器/双信器组件1924将处于其原始/固有频谱带中的调制信号输送至收发器1930。收发器1930可以包括信道选择滤波器和功率放大器,所述信道选择滤波器用于选择一个或多个下行链路信道,并且所述功率放大器耦合至诸如结合图18D呈现的天线1824等一个或多个天线,以便经由无线接口1811将所述下行链路信道发射至移动或固定无线设备。
除了目的地为客户端设备的下行链路通信之外,通信节点1804A还可以以互逆的方式进行操作以处理源自客户端设备的上行链路通信。在操作中,收发器1932经由接口1810的上行链路频谱从通信节点1804B-E接收上行链路频谱片段1910中的上行链路信道。上行链路频谱片段1910中的上行链路频率信道包括调制信号,所述调制信号由通信节点1804B-E从其原始/固有频谱频带变频至上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道。在接口1810在比由客户端设备供应的调制信号的固有/原始频谱片段高的频带中进行操作的情形下,收发器1932将经上变频的调制信号下变频至其原始频带。然而,在接口1810在比由客户端设备供应的调制信号的固有/原始频谱片段低的频带中进行操作的情形下,收发器1932将经下变频的调制信号上变频至其原始频带。另外,收发器1930进行操作以便经由无线接口1811从客户端设备接收调制信号(处于其原始/固有频带中)的所有或选定调制信号。双工器/双信器组件1924将经由收发器1930接收的调制信号(处于其原始/固有频带中)输送至基站接口1922,以便发送至宏基站1802或通信网络的其他网络元件。类似地,占用上行链路频谱片段1910中的上行链路频率信道的被收发器1932变频至其原始/固有频带的调制信号被供应至双工器/双信器组件1924,以便输送至基站接口1922从而发送至宏基站1802或通信网络的其他网络元件。
现在转到图19C,示出了图示通信节点的示例非限制性实施例的框图1935。具体地,诸如无线电分布式天线系统的通信节点1804B、1804C、1804D或1804E等通信节点设备包括收发器1933、双工器/双信器组件1924、放大器1938以及两个收发器1936A和1936B。
在各个实施例中,收发器1936A从通信节点1804A或上行通信节点1804B-E接收第一载波频率下的第一调制信号,所述第一载波频率与分布式天线系统的经变换频谱中的第一调制信号的信道(例如,一个或多个下行链路频谱片段1906的频率信道)的布局相对应。第一调制信号包括由基站提供且被指引到移动通信设备的第一通信数据。收发器1936A进一步被配置用于从通信节点1804A接收一个或多个控制信道、以及一个或多个相应参考信号(诸如导频信号或其他参考信号)、和/或与处于第一载波频率下的第一调制信号相关联的一个或多个时钟信号。第一调制信号可以包括遵循诸如LTE或其他4G无线协议、5G无线通信协议、超宽带协议、WiMAX协议、802.11或其他无线局域网协议和/或其他通信协议等信令协议的一个或多个下行链路通信信道。
如先前所讨论的,参考信号使得网络元件能够减小在对第一调制信号从第一载波频率到第一频谱片段(即,原始/固有频谱)的处理期间的相位误差(和/或其他形式的信号失真)。控制信道包括多条指令,所述指令用于指示分布式天线系统的通信节点将处于第一载波频率下的第一调制信号变换成处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号,以便控制频率选择和重用模式、切换和/或其他控制信令。时钟信号可以同步由下行通信节点1804B-E为了从所述控制信道中恢复指令和/或提供其他时序信号而进行的数字控制信道处理的时序。
放大器1938可以是双向放大器,其对第一载波频率下的第一调制信号连同参考信号、控制信道和/或时钟信号一起进行放大以便经由双工器/双信器组件1924耦合至收发器1936B,所述收发器在此图示中充当中继器,所述中继器用于将第一载波频率下的经放大的第一调制信号连同参考信号、控制信道和/或时钟信号一起重新传输至通信节点1804B-E中位于所示出的通信节点1804B-E下游并且以相似方式进行操作的一个或多个其他通信节点。
处于第一载波频率下的经放大第一调制信号连同参考信号、控制信道和/或时钟信号还经由双工器/双信器组件1924被一起耦合至收发器1933。收发器1933对控制信道执行数字信号处理,以便从所述控制信道中恢复指令,诸如采用数字数据形式的指令。时钟信号用于同步数字控制信道处理的时序。然后,收发器1933根据所述指令并基于对第一调制信号的模拟(和/或数字)信号处理来执行对处于第一载波频率下的第一调制信号至处于第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号的变频,并且利用所述参考信号来减小所述变换过程期间的失真。收发器1933无线地传输第一频谱片段中的第一调制信号,以便作为自由空间无线信号与在通信节点1804B-E范围内的一个或多个移动通信设备进行直接通信。
在各个实施例中,收发器1936B从诸如位于所示出的通信节点1804B-E下游的一个或多个其他的通信节点1804B-E等其他网络元件接收在上行链路频谱片段1910中的第二载波频率下的第二调制信号。第二调制信号可以包括遵循诸如LTE或其他4G无线协议、5G无线通信协议、超宽带协议、802.11或其他无线局域网协议和/或其他通信协议等信令协议的一个或多个上行链路通信信道。具体地,一个或多个移动通信设备生成在诸如原始/固有频带等第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号,并且下行网络元件执行对第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号至第二载波频率下的第二调制信号的变频、并且当在上行链路频谱片段1910中第二载波频率下的第二调制信号由所示出的通信节点1804B-E接收时对其进行传输号。收发器1936B进行操作以便经由双工器/双信器组件1924将第二载波频率下的第二调制信号发送至放大器1938以进行放大,并且经由收发器1936A重新传输回至通信节点1804A或上行通信节点1804B-E,以便进一步重新传输回至诸如宏基站1802等基站从而进行处理。
收发器1933还可以从在通信节点1804B-E范围内的一个或多个移动通信设备接收处于第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号。收发器1933:进行操作以便例如在经由控制信道接收的指令的控制下执行对处于第二频谱片段中的第二调制信号至处于第二载波频率下的第二调制信号的变频;插入参考信号、控制信道和/或时钟信号以便由通信节点1804A用于将第二调制信号重新变换回至原始/固有频谱片段;并且经由双工器/双信器组件1924和放大器1938将处于第二载波频率下的第二调制信号发送至收发器1936A以进行放大并且重新传输回至通信节点1804A或上行通信节点1804B-E,以便进一步发射回至诸如宏基站1802等基站从而进行处理。
现在转到图19D,示出了图示频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图1940。具体地,针对传送调制信号的分布式天线系统示出了频谱1942,所述调制信号在其已经从一个或多个原始/固有频谱片段被变频(例如,经由上变频或下变频)成频谱1942之后占用下行链路片段1906或上行链路频谱片段1910的频率信道。
在所呈现的示例中,下行(下行链路)信道频带1944包括由单独的下行链路频谱片段1906表示的多个下行频率信道。同样,上行(上行链路)信道频带1946包括由单独的上行链路频谱片段1910表示的多个上行频率信道。单独频谱片段的频谱形状意指用于每个调制信号以及相关联的参考信号、控制信道和时钟信号的频率分配的占位符。下行链路频谱片段1906或上行链路频谱片段1910中的每个频率信道的实际频谱响应将基于所采用的协议和调制并且进一步根据时间而改变。
根据非对称通信系统,上行链路频谱片段1910的数量可以小于或大于下行链路频谱片段1906的数量。在这种情况下,上行信道频带1946可以窄于或宽于下行信道频带1944。在替代方案中,在实施对称通信系统的情况下,上行链路频谱片段1910的数量可以等于下行链路频谱片段1906的数量。在这种情况下,上行信道频带1946的宽度可以等于下行信道频带1944的宽度,并且比特填充或其他数据填充技术可以用来补偿上行通信量的变化。尽管下行信道频带1944被示出为位于比上行信道频带1946低的频率,但是在其他实施例中,下行信道频带1844可以位于比上行信道频带1946高的频率。另外,频谱片段的数量及这些频谱片段在频谱1942中的对应频率位置可以随时间推移而动态改变。例如,可以在频谱1942(未示出)中提供普通控制信道,所述普通控制信道可以向通信节点1804指示每个下行链路频谱片段1906以及每个上行链路频谱片段1910的频率位置。取决于通信量状况、或需要重新分配带宽的网络需求,可以借助于所述普通控制信道来改变下行链路频谱片段1906和上行链路频谱片段1910的数量。另外,下行链路频谱片段1906与上行链路频谱片段1910不必分开分组。例如,普通控制信道可以以交替的方式或以可以是或可以不是对称的任何其他组合来识别后接上行链路频谱片段1910的下行链路频谱片段1906。应当进一步注意的是,代替利用普通控制信道,可以使用多个控制信道,每个控制信道识别一个或多个频谱片段的频率位置以及频谱片段的类型(即,上行链路或下行链路)。
另外,尽管下行信道频带1944和上行信道频带1946都被示出为占用单个连续的频带,但是在其他实施例中,取决于可用的频谱和/或所采用的通信标准,可以采用两个或更多个上行信道频带和/或两个或更多个下行信道频带。上行链路频谱片段1910和下行链路频谱片段1906的频率信道可以由根据DOCSIS 2.0或更高级的标准协议、WiMAX标准协议、超宽带协议、802.11标准协议、诸如LTE协议等4G或5G语音和数据协议和/或其他标准通信协议所调制、格式化的经变频信号占用。除了遵循当前标准的协议之外,可以对这些协议中的任何协议进行修改以便结合所示出的系统一起进行操作。例如,可以对802.11协议或其他协议进行修改以包括附加指南和/或单独的数据信道,从而在更宽的区域上提供冲突检测/多址接入(例如,允许经由特定频率信道进行通信的设备听到彼此)。在各个实施例中,上行链路频谱片段1910的所有上行链路频率信道以及下行链路频谱片段1906的所有下行链路频率信道全部根据同一通信协议而被格式化。然而,在替代方案中,可以在一个或多个上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道以及一个或多个下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道两者上采用两种或更多种不同的协议来例如与各种各样的客户端设备兼容和/或在不同的频带中进行操作。
应当注意的是,可以从不同的原始/固有频谱片段中收集调制信号,以便聚集到频谱1942中。以此方式,上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道的第一部分可以与上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道的已经被从一个或个不同的原始/固有频谱片段进行变频的第二部分相邻。类似地,下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道的第一部分可以与下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道的已经被从一个或个不同的原始/固有频谱片段进行变频的第二部分相邻。例如,已经被变频的一个或多个2.4GHz 802.11信道可以与也已经被变频至以80GHz为中心的频谱1942的一个或多个5.8GHz802.11信道相邻。应当注意的是,每个频谱片段可以具有诸如导频信号等可以用于生成处于某个频率和相位下的本地振荡器信号的相关联参考信号,所述本地振荡器信号提供对此频谱片段的一个或多个频率信道从其在频谱1942中的落点向回至其原始/固有频谱片段的变频。
现在转到图19E,示出了图示频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图1950。具体地,呈现了如结合由通信节点1840A的收发器1930或通信节点1804B-E的收发器1932对所选频谱片段执行的信号处理所讨论的频谱片段选择。如所示出的,选择包括上行链路信道频带1946的上行链路频谱片段1910之一的特定上行链路频率部分1958以及包括下行链路信道频带1944的下行链路频谱片段1906之一的特定下行链路频率部分1956来由信道选择滤波通过,其中,上行链路信道频带1946和下行链路信道频带1944的其余部分被滤除——即被衰减,以便减轻对由收发器通过的期望频率信道的处理的不利影响。应当注意的是,尽管示出了选择单个特定上行链路频谱片段1910和特定下行链路频谱片段1906,但是在其他实施例中,可以使两个或更多个上行链频谱片段和/或下行链路频谱片段通过。
尽管收发器1930和1932可以基于静态信道滤波器在上行链路频率部分1958和下行链路频率部分1956固定的情况下进行操作,但是如先前所讨论的,可以使用经由控制信道发送至收发器1930和1932的指令来将收发器1930和1932动态地配置成特定频率选择。以此方式,可以由宏基站1802或通信网络的其他网络元件将相应频谱片段的上行频率信道和下行频率信道动态地分配给各个通信节点,以便优化分布式天线系统的性能。
现在转到图19F,示出了图示频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图1960。具体地,针对传送调制信号的分布式天线系统示出了频谱1962,所述调制信号在其已经从一个或多个原始/固有频谱片段被变频(例如,经由上变频或下变频)成频谱1962之后占用上行链路频谱片段或下行链路频谱片段的频率信道。
可以采用如先前所讨论的两种或更多种不同的通信协议来传达上行和下行数据。当采用两种或更多种不同的协议时,下行链路频谱片段1906的下行链路频率信道的第一子集可以由根据第一标准协议的经变频调制信号占用;并且相同或不同的下行链路频谱片段1910的下行链路频率信道的第二子集可以由根据不同于所述第一标准协议的第二标准协议的经变频调制信号占用。同样,可以由所述系统接收上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道的第一子集以便根据所述第一标准协议进行解调;并且可以根据第二标准协议接收相同或不同上行链路频谱片段1910的上行链路频率信道的第二子集以便根据不同于所述第一标准协议的所述第二标准协议进行解调。
在所示出的示例中,下行信道频带1944包括由表示使用第一通信协议的第一类型的单独频谱形状来表示的第一多个下行频谱片段。下行信道频带1944'包括由表示使用第二通信协议的第二类型的单独频谱形状来表示的第二多个下行频谱片段。同样,上行信道频带1946包括由表示使用所述第一通信协议的所述第一类型的单独频谱形状来表示的第一多个上行频谱片段。上行信道频带1946'包括由表示使用所述第二通信协议的所述第二类型的单独频谱形状来表示的第二多个上行频谱片段。这些单独的频谱形状意指用于每个单独频谱片段以及相关联的参考信号、控制信道和/或时钟信号的频率分配的占位符。尽管单独的信道带宽被示出为对于第一类型和第二类型的信道而言大致相同,但是应当注意的是,上行和下行信道频带1944、1944'、1946和1946'可以具有不同的带宽。另外,取决于可用的频谱和/或所采用的通信标准,这些第一类型和第二类型的信道频带中的频谱片段可以具有不同的带宽。
现在转到图19G,示出了图示频谱的示例非限制性实施例的图形简图1970。具体地,针对以已经从一个或多个原始/固有频谱片段被变频(例如,经由上变频或下变频)的信道信号的形式来传送调制信号的分布式天线系统示出了图19D至图19F的频谱1942或1962的一部分。
部分1972包括下行链路频谱片段1906或上行链路频谱片段1910的一部分,所述部分由频谱形状表示且表示带宽的针对控制信道、参考信号和/或时钟信号而留出的一部分。例如,频谱形状1974表示与参考信号1979和时钟信号1978分开的控制信道。应当注意的是,时钟信号1978被示出为具有表示可能需要调节成更传统时钟信号的形式的正弦信号的频谱形状。然而,在其他实施例中,传统时钟信号可以作为调制载波来发送,诸如,通过经由幅值调制或保持载波相位以用作相位参考的其他调制技术来对参考信号1979进行调制。在其他实施例中,可以通过对另一个载波进行调制或者作为另一个信号来发射时钟信号。另外,应当注意的是,时钟信号1978和参考信号1979两者都被示出为在控制信道1974的频带之外。
在另一个示例中,部分1975包括下行链路频谱片段1906或上行链路频谱片段1910的一部分,所述部分由表示带宽的针对控制信道、参考信号和/或时钟信号而留出的一部分的频谱形状的一部分表示。频谱形状1976表示具有指令的控制信道,所述指令包括经由幅值调制、幅移键控或保持载波相位以用作相位参考的其他调制技术来对参考信号进行调制的数字数据。时钟信号1978被示出为在频谱形状1976的频带之外。由控制信道指令调制的参考信号实际上是控制信道的子载波,并且在控制信道的带内。再次,时钟信号1978被示出为具有表示正弦信号的频谱形状,然而,在其他实施例中,传统时钟信号可以作为调制载波或其他信号来发送。在这种情况下,控制信道的指令可以用于对时钟信号1978而非参考信号进行调制。
考虑以下示例,其中,控制信道1976是经由对采用连续波(CW)形式的参考信号的调制来承载的,在将下行链路频谱片段1906或上行链路频谱片段1910变频回至其原始/固有频谱片段期间,根据所述参考信号来校正接收器中的相位失真。可以利用诸如脉冲幅值调制、二进制相移键控、幅移键控或其他调制方案等鲁棒调制来对控制信道1976进行调制,以便承载分布式天线系统的网络元件之间的指令,诸如网络操作、经营和管理通信量以及其他控制数据。在各个实施例中,控制数据可以包括但不限于:
·指示每个网络元件的在线状态、离线状态以及网络性能参数的状态信息。
·诸如模块名称和地址、硬件版本和软件版本、设备能力等网络设备信息。
·诸如变频因子、信道间隔、保护带、上行链路/下行链路分配、上行链路和下行链路信道选择等频谱信息。
·诸如天气状况、图像数据、断电信息、视距阻挡等环境测量。
·故障减轻消息,诸如故障检测指示、用于选择备用通信链路的指令、备用通信链路的测试结果、用于将用于网络设备之间的通信的频谱片段修改为不同频率范围的指令等。
在进一步示例中,控制信道数据可以经由超宽带(UWB)信令来发送。可以通过以特定时间间隔生成无线电能量并且经由脉冲位置调制或时间调制而占用更大的带宽、通过对UWB脉冲的极性或幅值进行编码和/或通过使用正交脉冲来发射控制信道数据。具体地,UWB脉冲可以以相对较低的脉冲速率来零散地发送以便支持时间调制或位置调制,但是也可以以高达UWB脉冲带宽倒数的速率来发送。以此方式,控制信道可以以相对较低的功率在UWB频谱上扩展,并且不会干扰对可能占用控制信道的UWB频谱的带内部分的参考信号和/或时钟信号的CW发射。
现在转到图19H,示出了图示发射器的示例非限制性实施例的框图1980。具体地,发射器1982被示出为与例如接收器1981以及收发器中的数字控制信道处理器1995一起使用,所述收发器诸如结合图19C呈现的收发器1933。如所示出的,发射器1982包括模拟前端1986、时钟信号发生器1989、本地振荡器1992、混频器1996以及发射器前端1984。
处于第一载波频率下的经放大第一调制信号连同参考信号、控制信道和/或时钟信号被一起从放大器1938耦合至模拟前端1986。模拟前端1986包括一个或多个滤波器或其他频率选择,以便将控制信道信号1987、时钟参考信号1978、导频信号1991以及一个或多个所选信道信号1994分开来。
数字控制信道处理器1995对控制信道执行数字信号处理,以便诸如经由对数字控制信道数据的解调来从控制信道信号1987中恢复指令。时钟信号发生器1989根据时钟参考信号1978生成时钟信号1990,以便同步由数字控制信道处理器1995进行的数字控制信道处理的时序。在时钟参考信号1978为正弦曲线的实施例中,时钟信号发生器1989可以提供放大和限制以便根据所述正弦曲线产生传统时钟信号或其他时序信号。在时钟参考信号1978为调制载波信号(诸如,对参考信号或导频信号或其他载波的调制)的实施例中,时钟信号发生器1989可以提供解调以便产生传统时钟信号或其他时序信号。
在各个实施例中,控制信道信号1987可以是在与导频信号1991和时钟参考1988分开的频率范围内的经数字调制信号,或者作为导频信号1991的调制。在操作中,数字控制信道处理器1995提供对控制信道信号1987的解调以提取其中包含的指令,以便生成控制信号1993。具体地,可以使用由数字控制信道处理器1995响应于经由控制信道接收的指令而生成的控制信号1993来选择特定信道信号1994以及相应的导频信号1991和/或时钟参考1988,所述导频信号和/或时钟参考用于对信道信号1994的频率进行变换从而经由无线接口1811进行发射。应当注意的是,在控制信道信号1987经由对导频信号1991的调制来传送指令的情况下,可以经由数字控制信道处理器1995而不是如所示出的模拟前端1986来提取导频信号1991。
数字控制信道处理器1995可以经由诸如微处理器、微控制器、数字信号处理器、微计算机、中央处理单元、现场可编程门阵列、可编程逻辑设备、状态机、逻辑电路系统、数字电路系统、模数转换器、数模转换器和/或基于对电路系统和/或操作指令的硬编码来操纵信号(模拟的和/或数字的)的任何设备等处理模块来实施。所述处理模块可以是或进一步包括存储器和/或集成存储器元件,所述集成存储器元件可以是单个存储器设备、多个存储器设备、和/或另一处理模块、模块、处理电路和/或处理单元的嵌入式电路系统。这样的存储器设备可以是只读存储器、随机存取存储器、易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、静态存储器、动态存储器、闪存、高速缓存存储器和/或存储数字信息的任何设备。需要注意的是,如果处理模块包括多于一个处理设备,则这些处理设备可以定位在中心(例如,经由有线和/或无线总线结构直接耦合在一起)或者可以分布式地定位(例如,经由通过局域网和/或广域网的间接耦合的云计算)。进一步需要注意的是,存储相应操作指令的存储器和/或存储器元件可以嵌入在微处理器、微控制器、数字信号处理器、微计算机、中央处理单元、现场可编程门阵列、可编程逻辑设备、状态机、逻辑电路系统、数字电路系统、模数转换器、数模转换器或其他设备之内或位于这些设备外部。仍然进一步需要注意的是,存储器元件可以存储,并且处理模块执行与本文所描述的步骤和/或功能中的至少一些相对应的硬编码指令和/或操作指令,并且这样的存储器设备或存储器元件可以被实施为制品。
本地振荡器1992利用导频信号1991生成本地振荡器信号1997,以便减小变频过程期间的失真。在各个实施例中,导频信号1991处于本地振荡器信号1997的正确频率和相位,以生成处于适当频率和相位下的本地振荡器信号1997,从而将信道信号1994(处于与其在分布式天线系统的频谱中的落点相关联的载波频率下)变换至其原始/固有频谱片段,以便发射至固定或移动通信设备。在这种情况下,本地振荡器1992可以采用带通滤波和/或其他信号调节来生成保持导频信号1991的频率和相位的正弦本地振荡器信号1997。在其他实施例中,导频信号1991具有可以用于导出本地振荡器信号1997的频率和相位。在这种情况下,本地振荡器1992采用分频、倍频或其他频率合成基于导频信号1991来生成处于适当频率和相位下的本地振荡器信号1997,从而将信道信号1994(处于与其在分布式天线系统的频谱中的落点相关联的载波频率)变换至其原始/固有频谱片段,以便发射至固定或移动通信设备。
混频器1996基于本地振荡器信号1997进行操作以便对信道信号1994进行频移,从而生成处于其相应原始/固有频谱片段的经变频信道信号1998。尽管示出了单个混频级,但是可以采用多个混频级来将信道信号移到基带和/或一个或多个中间频率作为总变频的一部分。发射器(Xmtr)前端1984包括功率放大器和阻抗匹配,以便经由诸如天线1824等一个或多个天线将经变频的信道信号1998作为自由空间无线信号传输到在通信节点1804B-E范围内的一个或多个移动或固定通信设备。
现在转到图19I,示出了图示接收器的示例非限制性实施例的框图1985。具体地,接收器1981被示出为与例如发射器1982以及收发器中的数字控制信道处理器1995一起使用,所述收发器诸如结合图19C呈现的收发器1933。如所示出的,接收器1981包括模拟接收器(RCVR)前端1983、本地振荡器1992和混频器1996。数字控制信道处理器1995在来自控制信道的指令的控制下进行操作,以便生成导频信号1991、控制信道信号1987和时钟参考信号1978。
还可以使用由数字控制信道处理器1995响应于经由控制信道接收的指令而生成的控制信号1993来选择特定信道信号1994以及用于对信道信号1994的频率进行变换的相应导频信号1991和/或时钟参考1988,从而经由无线接口1811进行接收。模拟接收器前端1983包括低噪声放大器以及一个或多个滤波器或其他频率选择,以便在控制信号1993的控制下接收一个或多个所选信道信号1994。
本地振荡器1992利用导频信号1991生成本地振荡器信号1997,以便减小变频过程期间的失真。在各个实施例中,本地振荡器采用带通滤波和/或其他信号调节、分频、倍频或其他频率合成基于导频信号1991来生成处于适当频率和相位的本地振荡器信号1997,从而将信道信号1994、导频信号1991、控制信道信号1987和时钟参考信号1978变频至分布式天线系统的频谱,以便发射至其他通信节点1804A-E。具体地,混频器1996基于本地振荡器信号1997进行操作以便对信道信号1994进行频移,从而生成处于分布式天线系统的频谱频谱片段内的期望落点的经变频信道信号1998,以便耦合至放大器1938、至收发器1936A以进行放大和经由收发器1936A重新传输回至通信节点1804A或上行通信节点1804B-E,从而进一步重新传输回至诸如宏基站1802的基站以便进行处理。再次,尽管示出了单个混频级,但可以采用多个混频级来将信道信号移到基带和/或一个或多个中间频率作为总变频的一部分。
现在转到图20A,示出了用于减轻图20B的通信系统中的故障的方法2040的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。方法2040可以在步骤2042处开始,在所述步骤中,诸如图16A所示的波导系统检测由图20B的附图标记2030所描绘的主要通信链路(这里称为主要通信链路2030)中的故障。对于长途通信,主要通信链路2030可以表示高压电力线路(例如,100kV至138kV)、超高压电力线路(例如,230kV至800kV)或特高压电力线路(例如,>800kV)的电网。通常,出于安全原因并且为了降低来自树枝的障碍物的可能性,在一个实施例中,这种电力线路被放置在电线杆上的高海拔处。对于短途通信(例如,城市、郊区或农村地区),主要通信链路2030可以表示中压电力线路(例如,4kV至69kV),所述中压电力线路通常位于较低压电力线路、电话线、和/或同轴电缆线之上。因此,应当理解,在不脱离示例实施例的情况下,主要通信链路2030也可以包括电线杆上的各种位置处的非高压(例如,中压或低压)电力线路。
然而,这种电力线路可能发生来自树枝的障碍物,这种障碍物如可以由图16A中所描述的波导系统1602的传感器感测到。通常,故障可以表示由波导系统的传感器感测或检测到的可能不利地影响传送数据并且在主要通信链路2030的表面上传播的电磁波的发射或接收的任何扰动。数据的非限制性说明可以包括:与语音通信服务、互联网服务、广播视频服务相关联的数据;用于控制内容分配和/或用于建立语音和/或数据通信会话的控制数据;来自其他网络的语音或数据通信;或其任何组合的其他类型的数据服务。
在步骤2044处,波导系统1602可以向如图16A中所示的网络管理系统1601上报故障或与其相关联的信息。例如,波导系统1400可以识别故障类型、故障位置、质量度量(本文所描述的)、和/或与故障相关联的其他通信参数信息,包括信号强度、信号损耗、延迟时间、分组丢失等。在一个实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以通过指示波导系统1400在步骤2046处选择在主要通信链路2030上发生故障的情况下提供备用通信服务的一个或多个备用通信介质或链路来采取规避动作。在另一实施例中,波导系统1602可以通过在步骤2046处选择一个或多个备用通信介质或链路来自主地采取故障减轻动作以维持通信服务活跃。波导系统1602可以被配置用于基于选择标准来选择备用通信介质或链路。选择标准可以包括可以用于验证备用通信介质适用于备用通信服务的质量度量。质量度量可以包括但不限于期望的通信带宽、期望的服务质量(QoS)、期望的信噪比、期望的误比特率性能、期望的分组丢失性能、期望的数据吞吐量、期望的抖动性能、期望的延迟时间性能等。
可以由图20B的附图标记2006、2008或2010中的任何一个表示的波导系统(本文称为波导系统2006、2008或2010)可以具有用于发起备用通信服务的多个选项。例如,波导系统2006可以具有可以耦合到通信接口(如图14的附图标记205)的天线2012以提供控制信道,以便使得波导系统2006能够与基站2002、基站2004或其他波导系统(如部署与天线2012的无线通信接口的波导系统2008)进行包括诸如故障减轻消息等控制数据或其他控制信道数据的无线通信(例如,LTE、WiFi、4/5G或以其他方式)。波导系统2006可以因此通过第一无线链路将数据重新指引到基站2002。基站2002进而可以通过第二无线链路将数据重新指引到波导系统2008。然后,波导系统2008可以使用在主链路2030上传播的电磁波来重新传输数据。
类似地,波导系统2006可以通过第一无线链路将数据重新指引到基站2004。基站2004进而可以通过高速有线链路2013(例如,光纤)将数据重新指引到固定电话网络2020。固定电话网络2020还可以通过另一个高速链路2013将数据重新指引到本地基站2014(例如,微小区)。然后,本地基站2014可以将数据供应给波导系统2010,所述波导系统使用在主要通信链路2030上传播的电磁波来重新传输数据。另外,波导系统2006可以通过无线链路将数据重新指引到波导系统2008。然后,波导系统2008可以使用在主要通信链路2030上传播的电磁波来重新传输数据。
在每个上述示例实施例中,数据由波导系统2006发送到备用通信介质或链路,所述备用通信介质或链路将所述数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030的未受故障影响的部分。主要通信链路2030的未受影响部分可以由网络管理系统1601识别。网络管理系统1601进而可以经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据来协调与波导系统2006选择的备用通信介质的通信节点的通信量流,以将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030的未受影响部分。
然而,在一些实施例中,使用无线链路连接到任何备用通信介质或链路可能导致比受影响的主要通信链路2030的原始带宽容量更少的带宽。在这种实施例中,波导系统2006可能需要调整数据的带宽以适应所选备用通信介质上的重新传输,如将在方法2040的步骤2060、2062和2064处所解决的。为了减少或消除对带宽调整的需要,波导系统2006可以选择多个无线备用通信介质,以通过在所选备用通信介质之间分配数据的一部分来减轻对调整数据带宽的需要。
除了无线备用链路之外,波导系统2006还可以使用波导2005(并入波导系统2006),所述波导可以耦合到其附近的未受影响的线路,比如线路2040,其可以用作用于提供备用通信服务的次要通信链路(本文中称为次要通信链路2040)。对于长途通信,如果多于一条高压电力线路可用,则次要通信链路2040可以表示另一条高压电力线路,或者如果可用的话则表示中压电力线路。对于短途通信(例如,城市、郊区或农村地区),次要通信链路2040可以表示用于向商业机构和/或住宅机构分配电力的低压电力线路(例如,小于1000伏,比如240V)、电话线、或同轴电缆线。出于说明的目的,将假设线路2040是电力线路,并且因此在本文中称为电力线路2040。然而,应当注意,线路2040可以是非电力线路,比如波导系统2006可访问的电话线、或同轴电缆。应当进一步注意,低压电力线路、电话线或同轴电缆线通常位于中压电力线路下方,并且因此可能更容易受到诸如树枝等障碍物的影响,这些障碍物可能引起可能不利地影响电磁波在次要通信链路2040的表面上的发射和接收的扰动。
次要通信链路2040使得波导系统2006能够与波导系统2008通信,后一波导系统还具有并入其中并耦合到次要通信链路2040的波导2009。在这种配置中,次要通信链路2040可以包括控制信道,所述控制信道可以用于传送故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据,并且还可以用于绕过主要通信链路2030中可能在波导系统2006与波导系统2008之间发生的故障。在此图示中,波导系统2008可以重新建立回到主要通信链路2030的不受波导系统2006所检测的故障影响的部分的通信服务。然而,如果主要通信链路2030上的故障影响波导系统2006和波导系统2008两者,则波导系统2006可以使用次要通信链路2040来与本地基站2014通信,所述本地基站可以配置有如图16A所示的其自己的波导系统,以便接收和发射传送数据并在次要通信链路2040的表面上传播的电磁波。本地基站2014进而可以将数据供应给波导系统2010,所述波导系统可以将其传输重新指引到主要通信链路2030到下游波导系统(未示出)。
应当进一步注意,可以以几种方式将数据重新指引到次要通信链路2040。在一个实施例中,在主要通信链路2030上传播的电磁波可以被重新指引到次要通信链路2040。这可以通过将波导2005的一端连接到次要通信链路2040并且将波导2005的另一端连接到主要通信链路2030的未受影响部分来实现。在这种配置中,在主要通信链路2030上流动的电磁波可以被波导2005重新指引到次要通信链路2040,并且在次要通信链路2030上流动的电磁波可以被波导2005重新指引到主要通信链路2040。
在一个实施例中,在主要通信链路2030的方向上或在次要通信链路2040的方向上传播通过波导2005的电磁波可以是非放大的。例如,波导2005可以是分别耦合到主要通信链路2030和次要通信链路2040的两端的无源电介质波导设备,所述无源电介质波导设备不具有用于修改在任一方向上流过波导2005的电磁波的有源电路系统。可替代地,可以将一个或多个放大器添加到波导2005,以对在主要通信链路2030的方向上和/或在次要通信链路2040的方向上传播通过波导2005的电磁波进行放大。例如,波导2005可以包括对在主要通信链路2030的方向上传播的电磁波进行放大的有源电路和/或对在次要通信链路2040的方向上传播的电磁波进行放大的有源电路。
在又另一实施例中,波导设备2005可以由如图13所示的中继器表示,所述中继器可以利用如图14所示的有源电路系统来提取在主要通信链路2030中传播的电磁波中所包括的数据,并利用被发送到次要通信链路2040的新电磁波来重新传输相同的数据。类似地,图14的电路系统可以用于提取在次要通信链路2040中传播的电磁波中所包括的数据,并且利用被发送到主要通信链路2030的新电磁波来重新传输相同的数据。
在又另一实施例中,波导系统2006还可以包括将波导系统2006耦合到本地基站2015(例如,微小区)的链路2007。链路2007可以表示使得波导系统2006能够将数据重新指引到本地基站2015的高速通信链路,比如光纤链路,所述本地基站进而可以将数据引导到固定电话网络2020,所述固定电话网络进而将数据供应给另一本地基站2014,所述另一本地基站可以将这种信号呈现给波导系统2010以将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030。
基于以上说明,取决于其带宽需求,波导系统2006具有用于在步骤2046处选择一个或多个备用通信介质或链路的若干选项,所述若干选项包括:(1)经由高速链路2007到本地基站2015的有线连接,这使得波导系统2006能够经由波导系统2010将数据重新指引回到主要通信链路2030,(2)经由波导系统2006的波导2005到次要通信链路2040的连接,这使得波导系统2006能够经由波导系统2008将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030,(3)经由波导系统2006的波导2005到次要通信链路2040的连接,这还使得波导系统2006能够使用本地基站2014经由波导系统2010将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030,(4)到基站2002的无线链路,这使得波导系统2006能够经由波导系统2008将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030,(5)到基站2004的无线链路,这使得波导系统2006能够使用本地基站2014经由波导系统2010将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030,以及(6)到波导系统2008的无线链路,这可以将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030。
一旦波导系统2006已经选择了一个或多个备用通信链路,其就可以前进到步骤2048,在所述步骤中,可以判定特定备用通信链路是否是电网的一部分或其他方式(例如,到本地基站的无线链路或有线链路)。由于波导系统2006可以选择多于一个备用通信链路,因此可以针对到本地基站的电网备用链路、备用无线链路和/或备用有线链路的每个实例,同时或依次调用步骤2050和2054。
对于电网的备用链路,波导系统2006可以被配置用于在次要通信链路2040上传输电磁波测试信号。电磁波测试信号可以由波导系统2008和/或本地基站2014接收(假设其具有集成波导系统)。波导系统2008和/或本地基站2014可以分析测试信号。可以针对以下各项来测量测试信号:例如,信噪比、数据吞吐量、误比特率、分组丢失率、抖动、等待时间以及可以由波导系统2006与选择标准进行比较的其他度量。测试结果可以在步骤2052处由波导系统2008和/或由本地基站2014通过次要通信链路2040、或者在波导系统2008的情况下通过无线链路传输、以及在本地基站2014的情况下通过有线链路2013和2011传输回到波导系统2006。除了根据选择标准分析从波导系统2008和/或本地基站2014发送回的测试结果之外,波导系统2006还可以在次要通信链路2040上执行自主测试,比如信号反射测量和在本主题披露内容中描述的其他测量。
对于非电网备用链路,波导系统2006可以发送适合于所使用的传输介质的类型的测试信号。在无线链路的情况下,波导系统2006可以将无线测试信号发送到基站2002、基站2004和/或波导系统2008。波导系统2006可以确定每个无线链路的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)、每个无线链路的信噪比、数据吞吐量、误比特率、分组丢失率、以及适于用于确定每个无线链路的适用性的选择标准的其他测量。还可以在步骤2052处由波导系统2006通过无线链路从基站2002、2004和/或波导系统2008接收测试结果。在诸如链路2007等有线(非电网)链路的情况下,波导2006可以发送用于测试与波导系统2010的通信的测试信号。类似地,可以从波导系统2010和/或中间节点(例如,固定电话网络2020和/或本地基站2015)接收回测试结果,以便与选择标准进行比较。
在步骤2056处,波导系统2006可以根据波导系统2006使用的选择标准来评定备用链路是否适用于备用通信服务。如果备用链路不可用或不适用于备用通信服务,则波导系统2006可以前进到步骤2058并经由可用备用链路将此问题上报给网络管理系统1601,并继续在步骤2046处选择另一备用链路(如果可用的话)。如果选择了另一备用链路,则波导系统2006可以执行如前所述的步骤2048至2052。如果在步骤2056处已经将一个或多个备用链路验证为适用于备用通信服务,则波导系统2006可以前进到步骤2060以判定(多个)备用链路是否提供足够的带宽以支持在主要通信链路2030中用于传送数据的带宽。
如果(多个)备用链路不能支持最初用于在主要通信链路2030上传输数据的带宽,则波导系统2006可以前进到步骤2062以调整数据的带宽,使得其适用于(多个)备用链路。如果存在实时传输,例如,实时音频信号或视频信号,则代码转换器可以对这些实时信号进行代码转换以将比特率降低为遵循调整的带宽。在另一实施例中,可以降低非实时信号的传输速率,以保持与包括在数据中的实时信号相关联的服务质量。在此步骤中,波导系统2006可以经由通过可用备用链路发送的故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据向网络管理系统1601告知数据的带宽将被调整。在一个实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据(经由例如备用链路)向受故障影响的设备告知必须调整通信带宽以适应备用服务。可替代地,波导系统2006可以经由(多个)备用链路通过故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据来向受影响的设备通知带宽变化。
一旦在步骤2062处调整了带宽,波导系统2006就可以前进到步骤2064并开始经由(多个)备用链路来重新指引数据。如果不需要进行带宽调整,则波导系统2006可以前进到步骤2066并根据其原始带宽重新指引数据。在另一实施例中,如果(多个)备用链路的带宽容量不能支持最初用于在主要通信链路2030上传输数据的带宽,则波导系统2006可以前进到步骤2046以选择不同的备用链路。
在一个实施例中,(多个)备用链路(即,次要通信链路)可以与其他通信设备(例如,波导系统或其他通信节点)共享。在一个实施例中,波导系统2006可以经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据被配置用于选择用于通过(多个)备用链路来发射和接收数据的操作频率,其不同于其他通信设备所使用的操作频率。在另一实施例中,波导系统2006可以经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据被配置用于选择用于通过(多个)备用链路发射和接收数据的时隙分配,其不同于其他通信设备所使用的时隙分配。在又另一实施例中,波导系统2006可以经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据被配置用于选择用于通过(多个)备用链路发射和接收数据的一个或多个操作频率和一个或多个时隙分配的组合,其不同于其他通信设备所使用的一个或多个操作频率和一个或多个时隙分配。
在(多个)备用链路在主要通信链路2030不受故障影响的点处具有对电网的通信访问的实例中,波导系统2006可以在步骤2068处经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据指示(多个)备用链路中的一个或多个通信节点,以在电网中由波导系统2006确定的未受影响的位置处或在由网络管理系统1601识别并传送到波导系统2006的未受影响的位置处将数据重新指引回主要通信链路2030,从而规避故障。
当(多个)备用链路正在使用时,网络管理系统1601可以指示电力公用设施或通信公司的人员来解决故障,如先前在本主题披露内容中所描述的。一旦在步骤2070处解决了故障,网络管理系统1601就可以在步骤2072处经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据指示波导系统2006(以及(多个)备用链路中的其他通信节点)以恢复数据路由或根据用于解决故障的减轻策略来重新配置数据路由。可替代地,波导系统2006可以监测电网的故障减轻,并且自主地判定其是否可以重用先前的路由配置或者是否必须基于电网的网络拓扑的可检测变化来使用新的路由配置。应当理解,由一个或多个波导系统2006检测到的故障可能是由于天气状况、变压器故障、或其他原因导致的电力线路断开而引起的断电的结果。网络管理系统1601还可以用于基于发送到网络管理系统1601的故障通知由一个或多个波导系统2006经由故障减轻消息或其他控制信道数据来协调断电的减轻。还应当理解,次要通信链路(例如,备用链路)还可以由诸如管道、地下电力线路等地下传输介质来表示。
虽然为了简化说明的目的,所述对应的过程被示出和描述为图20A中的一系列方框,但是应当理解和认识到,所要求保护的主题不受方框的顺序限制,因为一些方框可以与其他方框以与本文所描绘和描述的不同的顺序发生和/或同时发生。此外,可能并不需要所有图示的方框来实施本文所描述的方法。应当进一步注意,图20A的过程可以进一步修改以执行本主题披露内容中描述的任何实施例,诸如,例如与如图17A和图17B所示的规避电网中的扰动有关的实施例。
此外,虽然前述描述主要集中于减轻波导系统之间的导波通信中的故障,但类似的技术同样可以用于减轻无线电分布式天线系统(RDAS)中的故障,比如结合图18A至图18D和图19A至图19I所描述的任何系统。具体地,可以经由带内或带外无线控制信道在这种分布式天线系统中的网络设备之间共享故障减轻消息或其他控制数据。
在各个实施例中,分布式天线系统的网络设备(比如通信节点1804A至1804E)包括被配置用于接收被指引到移动通信设备的处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号的基站接口1922或其他接口。如之前所讨论的,调制信号可以遵循诸如LTE、802.11协议、DOCSIS协议、WIMAX协议、5G无线协议、或其他信号格式等无线信令协议。诸如收发器1932、1936A、1926B或其他收发器等收发器被配置用于:基于对所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第一调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息;并且将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的另一网络设备,比如,另一通信节点1804A至1804E或其他网络设备。
在各个实施例中,故障减轻消息包括以下各项之一:指示链路正常运行的心跳信号;故障检测指示;用于选择备用通信链路的指令;备用通信链路的测试结果;和/或用于将第一频谱片段修改为不同频率范围的指令。以此方式,网络设备之间共享的故障减轻消息可以用于识别故障状况、协调备用通信链路的测试、协调到或从备用通信链路的转变、改变主要通信链路中所使用的频谱片段、交换其他消息以便于减轻故障状况、和/或提供其他故障减轻程序。
可以在与用于网络设备之间的主要通信的频谱片段间隔开的频谱片段中传输控制信道。以此方式,在主要通信链路中发生的故障可能不会影响控制信道通信,并且控制信道仍然可以用于协调通信到替代频谱片段或到备用通信链路的输送。在一个示例中,当主要通信链路处于毫米波或微波频带时,LTE或802.11频带可以用于控制信道通信,然而,替代的毫米波或微波频带、或其他非毫米波或非微波频带、或者经由罐的有线链路同样用于此目的。
现在转到图20C,示出了方法2075的示例非限制性实施例的流程图。方法2075可以与结合图1至图19和图20A至图20B所呈现的一个或多个功能和特征一起使用。步骤2080包括:由分布式天线系统的包括信号处理电路系统的第一网络元件的系统接收被指引到移动通信设备的处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议。步骤2082包括:由所述系统基于对所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的第一调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外。步骤2084包括:由所述系统在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息;并且步骤2086包括:由所述系统将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的第二网络元件。
在各个实施例中,故障减轻消息包括以下各项之一:故障检测指示;用于选择备用通信链路的指令;备用通信链路的测试结果;或者用于将第一频谱片段修改为不同频率范围的指令。所述无线信令协议可以为长期演进(LTE)无线协议、第五代蜂窝通信协议或其他无线通信协议。可以在与第二频谱片段间隔开的第三频谱片段中传输控制信道。所述信号处理电路系统可以包括促进模拟信号处理的模拟信号处理电路系统,其中,所述信号处理包括所述模拟信号处理,并且其中,所述模拟信号处理不需要模数转换或数模转换。
在各个实施例中,所述方法可以进一步包括:发射参考信号,所述参考信号使得所述第二网络元件能够减小当将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号重新变换成处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号以便将所述调制信号无线地分配给处于所述第一频谱片段中的通信设备时的相位误差。所述方法还可以包括:由所述系统在所述控制信道中发射指令,以指引所述分布式天线系统的所述第二网络元件将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
在各个实施例中,由所述系统进行的变换包括将处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号上变频到处于第二频谱片段中的调制信号,并且由网络元件进行的变换包括将处于第二频谱片段中的调制信号下变频到处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号。可替代地,由所述系统进行的变换包括将处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号下变频到处于第二频谱片段中的调制信号,并且由网络元件进行的变换包括将处于第二频谱片段中的调制信号上变频到处于第一频谱片段中的调制信号。
虽然为了简化说明的目的,所述对应的过程被示出和描述为图20C中的一系列方框,但是应当理解和认识到,所要求保护的主题不受方框的顺序限制,因为一些方框可以与其他方框以与本文所描绘和描述的不同的顺序发生和/或同时发生。此外,可能并不需要所有图示的方框来实施本文所描述的方法。
现在参考图21,其中图示了根据本文所描述各个方面的计算环境的框图。为了提供用于本文所描述实施例的各个实施例的附加上下文,图21和以下讨论意在提供对可以实施本主题披露内容的各个实施例的合适计算环境2100的简要一般描述。虽然以上已经在可以在一个或多个计算机上运行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了实施例,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,所述实施例还可以与其他程序模块组合和/或作为硬件和软件的组合来实施。
一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务或实施特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、部件、数据结构等。而且,本领域技术人员将认识到,所述发明性方法可以用其他计算机系统配置来实践,包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机、以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器的或可编程的消费电子产品等,其中的每个可操作地耦合至一个或多个相关联的设备。
如本文中所使用的,处理电路包括处理器以及其他专用电路,诸如专用集成电路、数字逻辑电路、状态机、可编程门阵列、或处理输入信号或数据并且响应于其而产生输出信号或数据的其他电路。应当注意的是,虽然本文中与处理器的操作相关联描述的任何功能和特征同样可以由处理电路来执行。
除非上下文另有清楚,否则如权利要求中所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅仅是为了清晰,而不是另外指示或暗示任何时间次序。例如,“第一确定”、“第二确定”和“第三确定”不指示或暗示第一确定是在第二确定之前进行的,或者反之亦然,等等。
本文实施例的所示实施例还可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中某些任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备这两者中。
计算设备通常包括各种各样的介质,其可以包括计算机可读存储介质和/或通信介质,这两个术语在本文如下彼此不同地使用。计算机可读存储介质可以是可由计算机访问的任何可用存储介质,并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可移动和不可移动介质。作为示例而非限制,计算机可读存储介质可以结合用于存储诸如计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或非结构化数据的信息的任何方法或技术来实施。
计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储器、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储器或其他磁性存储设备或者其他可以被用来存储期望信息的有形的和/或非暂态介质。在这方面,当在本文被应用到存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质时,术语“有形”或“非暂态”应当被应理解为作为修饰语(modifier)排除本身仅仅传播暂态信号并且不放弃对所有本身不仅传播暂态信号的标准存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
计算机可读存储介质可以由一个或多个本地或远程计算设备访问,例如经由访问请求、查询或其他数据检索协议,用于关于由所述介质存储的信息的各种各样的操作。
通信介质通常以诸如调制的数据信号(例如,载波或其他传送机制)的数据信号体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他结构化或非结构化数据,并且包括任何信息传递或传送介质。术语“调制的数据信号”或信号是指其一个或多个特性以在一个或多个信号中编码信息的这种方式被设置或改变的信号。作为示例而非限制,通信介质包括有线介质(诸如有线网络或直接连线连接),以及无线介质(诸如声学、RF、红外和其他无线介质)。
再次参考图21,示例环境2100用于经由基站(例如,基站设备1504、宏小区站点1502、或基站1614)或中心局(例如,中心局1501或1611)来发射和接收信号,或者用于形成所述基站或中心局的至少一部分。示例环境2100的至少一部分还可以用于传输设备101或102。所述示例环境可以包括计算机2102,所述计算机2102包括处理单元2104、系统存储器2106和系统总线2108。系统总线2108将包括但不限于系统存储器2106的系统部件耦合至处理单元2104。处理单元2104可以是各种可商购处理器中的任何一种。双微处理器和其他多处理器架构也可以被用作处理单元2104。
系统总线2108可以是几种类型的总线结构中的任意一种,其可以进一步利用各种各样的市售总线体系架构中的任意一种互连到存储器总线(具有或不具有存储器控制器)、外围总线和局部总线。系统存储器2106包括ROM 2110和RAM 2112。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可以存储在诸如ROM、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM等非易失性存储器中,其中BIOS包含帮助诸如在启动期间在计算机2102内的元件之间输送信息的基本例程。RAM 2112还可以包括高速RAM,诸如用于高速缓存数据的静态RAM。
计算机2102还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)2114(例如,EIDE、SATA),所述内部硬盘驱动器2114还可以被配置成用于在合适的机箱(未示出)中外部使用,所述计算机还包括磁性软盘驱动器(FDD)2116(例如,为了从可移动磁盘2118读取或对其写入)和光盘驱动器2120(例如,读取CD-ROM盘2122,或者从诸如DVD的其他高容量光学介质读取或对其写入)。硬盘驱动器2114、磁盘驱动器2116和光盘驱动器2120可以分别通过硬盘驱动器接口2124、磁盘驱动器接口2126和光盘驱动器接口2128连接到系统总线2108。用于外部驱动器实施的接口2124包括通用串行总线(USB)以及电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)1394接口技术中的至少一个或两者。其他外部驱动器连接技术在本文所述实施例的预期内。
驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读存储介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的非易失性存储。对于计算机2102,驱动器和存储介质以合适的数字格式容纳任何数据的存储。虽然上面的计算机可读存储介质的描述涉及硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可移动磁盘和诸如CD或DVD的可移动光学介质,但是本领域技术人员应当认识到的是,其他类型的计算机可读的存储介质(诸如zip驱动器、磁带盒、闪存卡、盒式磁带等)也可以在示例操作环境中使用,另外,任何此类存储介质都可以包含用于执行本文所描述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
多个程序模块可以存储在驱动器和RAM 2112中,包括操作系统2130、一个或多个应用程序2132、其他程序模块2134和程序数据2136。操作系统、应用、模块和/或数据的全部或部分也可以被高速缓存在RAM 2112中。本文所描述的系统和方法可以利用各种市售的操作系统或操作系统的组合来实施。可以由处理单元2104实施并以其他方式执行的应用程序2132的示例包括由传输设备101或102执行的分集选择确定。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入设备(例如,键盘2138和诸如鼠标2140的指点设备)将命令和信息输入到计算机2102中。其他输入设备(未示出)可以包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏板、触控笔、触摸屏等。这些和其他输入设备常常通过可以耦合至系统总线2108的输入设备接口2142连接到处理单元2104,但是可以通过其他接口连接,这些其他接口诸如并行端口、IEEE 1394串行端口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等。
监视器2144或其他类型的显示设备也可以经由诸如视频适配器2146的接口连接到系统总线2108。还将认识到,在替代实施例中,监视器2144还可以是任何显示设备(例如,具有显示器的另一计算机、智能电话、平板计算机等),用于经由任何通信手段(包括经由互联网和基于云的网络)接收与计算机2102相关联的显示信息。除了监视器2144之外,计算机通常还包括其他外围输出设备(未示出),诸如扬声器、打印机等。
计算机2102可以利用经由到一个或多个远程计算机(诸如(多个)远程计算机2148)的有线和/或无线通信的逻辑连接在联网环境中操作。所述(多个)远程计算机2148可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐设备、对等设备或其他公共网络节点,并且通常包括相对于计算机2102描述的许多或全部元件,但是为了简洁,仅示出了存储器/存储设备2150。所描绘的逻辑连接包括到局域网(LAN)2152和/或更大的网络(例如,广域网(WAN)2154)的有线/无线连接。这种LAN和WAN联网环境在办公室和公司中是常见的,并且便于企业范围的计算机网络(诸如内联网),所有这些都可以连接到全球通信网络(例如,互联网)。
当在LAN联网环境中使用时,计算机2102可以通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器2156连接到本地网络2152。适配器2156可以促进到LAN 2152的有线或无线通信,其还可以包括部署在其上的用于与无线适配器2156进行通信的无线AP。
当在WAN联网环境中使用时,计算机2102可以包括调制解调器2158或者可以连接至WAN 2154上的通信服务器,或者具有用于在WAN 2154上建立通信的其他装置(诸如通过互联网)。可以是内部或外部设备以及有线或无线设备的调制解调器2158可以经由输入设备接口2142连接到系统总线2108。在联网环境中,关于计算机2102或其各部分而描绘出的程序模块可以存储在远程存储器/存储设备2150中。应当认识到的是,所示出的网络连接是示例并且可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其他手段。
计算机2102可操作成与可操作地部署在无线通信中的任何无线设备或实体通信,这些无线设备或实体例如打印机、扫描仪、桌面和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助理、通信卫星、任何与无线可检测标签相关联的装备或位置(例如,信息站、报摊、洗手间)以及电话。这可以包括无线保真(Wi-Fi)和无线技术。因此,通信可以是与常规网络一样的预定义结构或者简单地是至少两个设备之间的自组织(ad hoc)通信。
Wi-Fi可以允许在从家里的沙发、酒店房间的床上或者工作会议室连接到互联网,而无需电线。Wi-Fi是类似于在手机中使用的无线技术,它使这种设备(例如计算机)在室内和室外;在基站范围内的任何地方,发送和接收数据。Wi-Fi网络使用被称为IEEE 802.11(a、b、g、n、ac、ag等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可以被用来将计算机连接到彼此、连接到互联网并且连接到(可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网的)有线网络。Wi-Fi网络在例如无许可的2.4GHz和5GHz无线电频带内操作,或具有包含这两个频带(双频带)的产品,使得网络可以提供类似于在许多办公室使用的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络的真实世界性能。
图22呈现了可以实施和利用本文所描述的所披露主题的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台2210的示例实施例2200。在一个或多个实施例中,移动网络平台2210可以生成和接收由与所披露主题相关联的基站(例如,基站设备1504、宏小区站点1502、或基站1614)、中心局(例如,中心局1501或1611)或传输设备101或102发射和接收的信号。一般而言,无线网络平台2210可以包括便于分组交换(PS)(例如,互联网协议(IP)、帧中继、异步输送模式(ATM))和电路交换(CS)通信量(例如,语音和数据)这两者、以及控制用于联网无线电信的生成的部件,例如节点、网关、接口、服务器或完全不同的平台。作为非限制性示例,无线网络平台2210可以包括在电信运营商网络中,并且如本文其他地方所讨论的那样可以被认为是运营商侧的部件。移动网络平台2210包括(多个)CS网关节点2222,所述CS网关节点可以接口连接从像(多个)电话网络2240(例如,公共交换电话网(PSTN)或公共陆地移动网(PLMN))的传统网络、或信令系统#7(SS7)网络2270接收到的CS通信量。(多个)电路交换网关节点2222可以授权并认证从这种网络产生的通信量(例如,语音)。此外,(多个)CS网关节点2222可以访问通过SS7网络2270生成的数据、漫游或移动性;例如,存储在被访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动性数据,其可以驻留在存储器2230中。而且,(多个)CS网关节点2222接口连接基于CS的通信量和信令以及(多个)PS网关节点2218。作为示例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(多个)CS网关节点2222可以至少部分地在(多个)网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中实现。应当认识到的是,(多个)CS网关节点2222、(多个)PS网关节点2218和(多个)服务节点2216的功能和具体操作由用于电信的移动网络平台2210所使用的(多种)无线电技术来提供和规定。
除了接收和处理CS交换通信量和信令之外,(多个)PS网关节点2218还可以授权并认证与被服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话。数据会话可以包括与无线网络平台2210外部的网络交换的通信量或(多个)内容,其中网络比如(多个)广域网(WAN)2250、(多个)企业网2270以及(多个)服务网络2280,其中服务网络可以在(多个)局域网(LAN)中体现,也可以通过(多个)PS网关节点2218与移动网络平台2210相接口。应当注意的是,WAN 2250和(多个)企业网2260可以至少部分地体现像IP多媒体子系统(IP multimedia subsystem,IMS)的(多个)服务网络。基于在(多个)技术资源2217中可用的(多个)无线电技术层,(多个)分组交换网关节点2218可以在数据会话被建立时生成分组数据协议上下文;促进对分组化数据进行路由的其他数据结构也可以被生成。为此,在一方面,(多个)PS网关节点2218可以包括隧道接口(例如,(多个)3GPP UMTS网络中的隧道终止网关(TTG)(未示出)),所述隧道接口可以促进与(多个)不同的无线网络(诸如Wi-Fi网络)的分组化通信。
在实施例2200中,无线网络平台2210还包括(多个)服务节点2216,基于(多个)技术资源2217中可用的(多个)无线电技术层,所述服务节点传送通过(多个)PS网关节点2218接收的数据流的各个分组流。应当注意的是,对于主要取决于CS通信的(多个)技术资源2217,(多个)服务器节点可以不依赖(多个)PS网关节点2218就输送通信量;例如,(多个)服务器节点可以至少部分地体现移动交换中心。作为示例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(多个)服务节点2216可以在(多个)服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)中体现。
对于采用分组化通信的无线电技术,无线网络平台2210中的(多个)服务器2214可以执行众多应用,这些应用可以生成多个不同的分组化数据流(streams或者flows),并且管理(例如,调度、排队,格式化……)这种流。(多个)这种应用可以包括对由无线网络平台2210提供的标准服务(例如,供应、计费、客户支持……)的附加特征。数据流(例如,作为语音呼叫或数据会话的一部分的(多个)内容)可以被传送到(多个)PS网关节点2218,用于数据会话的授权/认证和启动,并且被传送到(多个)服务节点2216,用于其后的通信。除了应用服务器之外,(多个)服务器2214还可以包括(多个)实用服务器(utility server),实用服务器可以包括供应服务器、操作和维护服务器、可以至少部分地实施证书颁发和防火墙以及其他安全机制的安全服务器,等等。在一方面,(多个)安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台2210服务的通信,以便作为(多个)CS网关节点2222和(多个)PS网关节点2218可以制定的授权和认证程序的附加,还确保网络的操作和数据完整性。而且,(多个)供应服务器可以供应来自(多个)外部网络(如由不同的服务提供者运营的网络)的服务;例如,WAN 2250或(多个)全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出)。(多个)供应服务器还可以通过关联到无线网络平台2210的网络(例如,由同一服务提供者部署和运营)来供应覆盖,网络诸如图1中所示的通过提供更多网络覆盖来增强无线服务覆盖的分布式天线网络。中继器设备(诸如图7、图8和图9中所示的那些)也改善网络覆盖,以便增强通过UE 2275的订户服务体验。
应当注意的是,(多个)服务器2214可以包括被配置用于至少部分地给予(confer)宏网络平台2210的功能的多个处理器。为此,例如,这一个或多个处理器可以执行存储在存储器2230中的代码指令。应当认识到的是,(多个)服务器2214可以包括内容管理器2215,所述内容管理器以基本上与前文所描述相同的方式进行操作。
在示例实施例2200中,存储器2230可以存储与无线网络平台2210的操作相关的信息。其他操作信息可以包括通过无线网络平台2210被服务的移动设备的供应信息、订户数据库;应用智能、定价方案,例如促销价格、统一费率方案、优惠券活动;与用于不同的无线电或无线技术层的操作的电信协议一致的(多个)技术规范;等等。存储器2230还可以存储来自(多个)电话网络2240、WAN 2250、(多个)企业网2270或者SS7网络2260当中的至少一项的信息。在一方面,存储器2230可以例如作为数据存储部件或作为远程连接的存储器存储的一部分被访问。
为了提供用于所披露主题的各方面的上下文,图22和以下讨论意在提供对其中可以实施所披露主题的合适环境的简要的一般描述。虽然以上已经在可以在一个和/或多个计算机上运行的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述了本主题,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,所披露的主题也可以结合其他程序模块来实施。一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务和/或实施特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、部件、数据结构等等。
图23描绘了通信设备2300的说明性实施例。通信设备2300可以充当被本主题披露内容(例如,在图15、图16A和图16B中)引用的诸如移动设备和建筑物内设备等设备的说明性实施例。
通信设备2300可以包括有线和/或无线收发器2302(本文中为收发器2302)、用户界面(UI)2304、电源2314、位置接收器2316、运动传感器2318、取向传感器2320、以及控制器2306以用于管理其操作。收发器2302可以支持短距离或远距离无线接入技术,诸如WiFi、DECT、或蜂窝通信技术,仅提及几个(和是分别由技术联盟和联盟注册商标)。蜂窝技术可以包括例如CDMA-1X、UMTS/HSDPA、GSM/GPRS、TDMA/EDGE、EV/DO、WiMAX、SDR、LTE、以及在其出现时的其他下一代无线通信技术。收发器2302还可以被适配成支持电路交换有线接入技术(诸如PSTN)、分组交换有线接入技术(诸如TCP/IP、VoIP等)、及其组合。
UI 2304可以包括具有导航机构(诸如滚球、操纵杆、鼠标、或用于操控通信设备2300的操作的导航盘)的可按压或触敏小键盘2308。键盘2308可以是通信设备2300的壳体组件的整体部分、或者是通过系留式有线接口(诸如USB电缆)或支持例如的无线接口可操作地耦合至其的独立设备。键盘2308可以表示通常由电话使用的数字小键盘、和/或具有字母数字键的QWERTY键盘。UI 2304可以进一步包括显示器2310,诸如单色或彩色LCD(液晶显示器)、OLED(有机发光二极管)、或用于将图像传送到通信设备2300的最终用户的其他合适的显示技术。在显示器2310是触敏式的实施例中,键盘2308的一部分或全部可以通过具有导航特征的显示器2310来呈现。
显示器2310可以使用触屏技术来同样充当用于检测用户输入的用户界面。作为触屏显示器,通信设备2300可以被适配成呈现具有图形用户界面(GUI)元素的用户界面,所述图形用户界面元素可以由用户利用手指触摸来选择。触屏显示器2310可以配备有电容式、电阻式或其他形式的感测技术以便检测用户手指的多少表面区域已经放置在触屏显示器的一部分上。此感测信息可以用于控制对用户界面的GUI元素或其他功能的操控。显示器2310可以是通信设备2300的壳体组件的整体部分、或者是通过系留式有线接口(诸如电缆)或无线接口通信地耦合至其的独立设备。
UI 2304还可以包括利用音频技术来传送低音量音频(诸如接近人耳可听到的音频)和高音量音频(诸如用于免提操作的喇叭扩音器)的音频系统2312。音频系统2312可以进一步包括用于接收最终用户的可听信号的麦克风。音频系统2312还可以用于语音识别应用。UI2304可以进一步包括用于捕获静止图像或移动图像的图像传感器2313,诸如电荷耦合器件(CCD)相机。
电源2314可以利用诸如可更换和可再充电电池、供电调节技术和/或充电系统技术的通用电源管理技术来向通信设备2300的部件供应能量以促进远距离或短距离便携式通信。可替代地或组合地,所述充电系统可以利用外部电源,诸如通过物理接口(诸如USB端口)或其他合适的系留式技术供应的DC电源。
位置接收器2316可以利用定位技术(诸如能够辅助GPS的全球定位系统(GPS)接收器)以用于基于由GPS卫星星座生成的信号来标识通信设备2300的位置,其可以用于促进定位服务,诸如导航。运动传感器2318可以利用运动感测技术(诸如加速度计、陀螺仪、或其他合适的运动感测技术)来检测通信设备2300在三维空间中的运动。取向传感器2320可以利用取向感测技术(诸如磁力计)来检测通信设备2300的取向(北、南、西和东、以及度、分或其他合适取向度量的组合取向)。
通信设备2300可以使用收发器2302也能通过感测技术(诸如利用接收信号强度指示(RSSI)和/或信号到达时间(TOA)或飞行时间(TOF)测量)来确定与蜂窝、WiFi、或其他无线接入点的接近度。控制器2306可以将计算技术(诸如微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程门阵列、专用集成电路、和/或视频处理器)与相关联存储存储器(诸如闪存、ROM、RAM、SRAM、DRAM或用于执行计算机指令、控制并处理由通信设备2300的前述部件供应的数据的其他存储技术)一起使用。
可以在本主题披露内容的一个或多个实施例中使用未在图23中示出的其他部件。例如,通信设备2300可以包括用于添加或移除身份模块(诸如用户身份模块(SIM)卡或通用集成电路卡(UICC))的槽。SIM卡或UICC卡可以用于识别用户服务、执行程序、存储用户数据等。
在本说明书,诸如“存储库(store)”、“存储装置(storage)”、“数据存储(datastore)”、“数据存储装置(data storage)”、“数据库(database)”的术语以及基本上任何其他与部件的操作和功能相关的信息存储部件都是指“存储器部件”,或者体现在“存储器”或包括所述存储器的部件中的实体。应当认识到的是,本文所描述的存储器部件可以是易失性存储器或者是非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器两者,作为说明而非限制,易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、盘存储装置和存储器存储装置。另外,非易失性存储器可以包括在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除ROM(EEPROM)或闪存中。易失性存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM),它充当外部高速缓存存储器。作为说明而非限制,RAM以许多形式可用,诸如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM(SLDRAM)和直接高频动态RAM(DRRAM)。此外,本文所披露的系统或方法的存储器部件意在包括但不限于包括这些和任何其他合适类型的存储器。
而且,应当注意的是,所披露的主题可以利用其他计算机系统配置来实践,包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、微型计算设备、大型计算机,以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如,PDA、电话、智能电话、手表、平板计算机、上网本计算机、等等),基于微处理器的或可编程的消费者或工业电子产品,等等。所说明的各方面也可以在分布式计算环境中实践,其中任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行;但是,本披露的各方面就算不是全部也至少有一些可以在独立的计算机上实践。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备这两者中。
本文描述的一些实施例还可以采用人工智能(AI)来便于使本文所描述的一个或多个特征自动化。例如,可以在可选训练控制器230中使用人工智能来评估和选择候选频率、调制方案、MIMO模式和/或导波模式,以便最大化输送效率。实施例(例如,与在添加到现有通信网络之后自动识别所获取的提供最大化价值/利益的小区站点有关的)可以采用各种基于AI的方案来执行其各个实施例。而且,分类器可以被用来确定所获取的网络的每个小区站点的排名或优先级。分类器是将输入属性向量x=(x1,x2,x3,x4,……,xn)映射到所述输入属于一类(class)的置信度(confidence)的函数,即f(x)=confidence(class)。这种分类可以采用基于概率和/或基于统计的分析(例如,分解成分析效用和成本)来预测或推断用户期望被自动执行的动作。支持向量机(SVM)是可以被采用的分类器的示例。SVM通过找出可能输入的空间中的超曲面来操作,其中超曲面试图分离触发标准与非触发事件。直观地,这使得分类对于接近训练数据但与训练数据不完全相同的测试数据是正确的。其他有向和无向模型分类方法包括例如朴素贝叶斯、贝叶斯网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型和提供可被采用的不同独立性模式的概率分类模型。如本文使用的分类还包括被用来开发优先级模型的统计回归。
如将容易认识到的,一种或多种实施例可以采用经过显式训练(例如,经由一般训练数据)以及隐式训练(例如,经由观察UE行为、运营者偏好、历史信息、接收外来信息)的分类器。例如,SVM可以经由分类器构造器和特征选择模块中的学习或训练阶段来配置。因此,(多个)分类器可以被用来自动学习和执行多个功能,包括但不限于根据预定标准确定所获取的小区站点中哪个将有利于最大数量的订户和/或所获取的小区站点中哪个将向现有的通信网络覆盖添加最小价值,等等。
如在本申请中在一些上下文中所使用的,在一些实施例中,术语“部件”、“系统”等意在指或者包括与计算机相关的实体或者与具有一个或多个具体功能的操作装置相关的实体,其中实体可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件。作为示例,部件可以是但不限于是在处理器上运行的过程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行线程、计算机可执行的指令、程序和/或计算机。作为说明而非限制,在服务器上运行的应用和服务器都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可以驻留在执行的过程和/或线程内,并且部件可以在一个计算机上本地化和/或在两个或更多个计算机之间分布。此外,这些部件可以从其上存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。这些部件可以经由本地和/或远程过程来通信,诸如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如,来自经由信号与在本地系统、分布式系统中和/或跨诸如互联网的网络和其他系统中的另一个部件交互的一个部件的数据)的信号。作为另一个示例,部件可以是具有由电路系统或电子电路系统操作的机械零件提供的具体功能的装置,电路系统或电子电路系统由处理器所执行的软件或固件应用操作,其中处理器可以在装置的内部或外部并且执行软件或固件应用的至少一部分。作为还有另一个示例,部件可以是通过没有机械零件的电子部件提供具体功能的装置,所述电子部件可以在其中包括处理器,以执行至少部分地给予电子部件功能的软件或固件。虽然各种部件被示为单独的部件,但是应当认识到的是,在不背离示例实施例的情况下,多个部件可以被实施为单个部件,或者单个部件可以被实施为多个部件。
另外,各个实施例可以利用标准的编程和/或工程技术被实施为方法、装置或制品,以产生软件、固件、硬件或其任何组合来控制计算机实施所披露的主题。如本文所使用的,术语“制品”是要涵盖可从任何计算机可读设备或计算机可读存储/通信介质访问的计算机程序。例如,计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于磁存储设备(例如,硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如,压缩光盘(CD)、数字多功能盘(DVD))、智能卡和闪存设备(例如,卡、棒、键驱动器)。当然,本领域技术人员将认识到,在不背离各个实施例的范围或精神的情况下,可以对这种配置做出许多修改。
此外,词语“示例”和“示例性”在本文中被用于意指充当实例或说明。本文被描述为“示例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计并不一定要被解释为优于或胜过其他实施例或设计。相反,词语示例或示例性的使用意在以具体的方式呈现概念。如在本申请中所使用的,术语“或(or)”旨在意味着开放式的“或”而不是排他性的“或”。即,除非另有指定或从上下文可以清楚,否则“X采用A或B”意在指任何自然的包含性排列。即,如果X采用A;X采用B;或者X采用A和B二者,则“X采用A或B”在任何以上情况下都满足。此外,如在本申请和所附权利要求书中所使用的,除非另有指定或从上下文清楚看出是针对单数形式,否则“一(a)”和“一个(an)”应当一般性地被解释为指“一个或多个”。
而且,诸如“用户设备”、“移动站”、“移动电话”、“订户站”、“接入终端”、“终端”、“手持机”、“移动设备”(和/或表示类似术语的术语)可以指被无线通信服务的订户或用户用来接收或传送数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或基本上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。前述术语在本文并且参考相关的附图可互换使用。
此外,术语“用户”、“订户”、“客户”、“消费者”等贯穿全文可被互换采用,除非上下文保证这些术语之间的特定区分。应当认识到的是,这种术语可以指人类实体或者通过人工智能(例如,至少基于复杂的数学形式体系做出推论的能力)支持的自动化部件,所述自动化部件可以提供模拟视觉、声音识别等。
如在本文所采用的,术语“处理器”可以指基本上任何计算处理单元或设备,包括但不限于包括单核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的单处理器;多核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器;具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器;并行平台;以及具有分布式共享存储器的并行平台。此外,处理器可以指被设计为执行本文所描述功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件部件或者其任意组合。处理器可以利用纳米级体系架构,诸如但不限于基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门,以便优化空间的使用或增强用户设备的性能。处理器还可以被实施为计算处理单元的组合。
如本文所使用的,诸如“数据存储装置(data storage)”、“数据存储设备(datastorage)”、“数据库(database)”的术语以及基本上任何其他与部件的操作和功能相关的信息存储部件都是指“存储器部件”或者在“存储器”或包括存储器的部件中体现的实体。应当认识到的是,本文所描述的存储器部件或计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。
以上所描述的仅仅包括各个实施例的示例。当然,不可能为了描述这些实施例而描述部件或方法的每个可想到的组合,但本领域普通技术人员可以认识到,呈现的实施例的许多进一步的组合和排列都是可能的。因此,本文所披露和/或要求保护的实施例是要涵盖属于权利要求的精神和范围之内的所有此类更改、修改和变化。此外,就术语“包括(includes)”在具体描述或权利要求中被使用的范围而言,这种术语是要以类似于术语“包括(comprising)”的方式作为包含性的,就像当“包括(comprising)”在权利要求中作为转变词被采用时所解释的那样。
此外,流程图可以包括“开始”和/或“继续”指示。“开始”和“继续”指示反映出所呈现的步骤可以可选地结合到其他例程中或以其他方式与其他例程一起使用。在这种语境下,“开始”指示所呈现的第一步的开始并且前面可以有未具体示出的其他活动。进一步地,“继续”指示反映所呈现的步骤可以多次执行和/或后面可以有未具体示出的其他活动。另外,虽然流程图指示步骤的特定排序,但其他排序也是可能的,只要因果关系的原理得以保持。
如本文也可以使用的,(多个)术语“可操作地耦合至”、“耦合至”和/或“耦合”包括项之间的直接耦合和/或项之间经由一个或多个中间项的间接耦合。这些项和中间项包括但不限于接点、通信路径、部件、电路元件、电路、功能块和/或设备。作为间接耦合的示例,从第一项传送到第二项的信号可以通过由一个或多个中间项修改信号中信息的形式、性质或格式而被修改,而信号中信息的一个或多个元素仍然以可以被第二项识别的方式传送。在间接耦合的另一个示例中,由于一个或多个中间项中的动作和/或反应,第一项中的动作可以造成第二项上的反应。
虽然本文中已经图示并描述了特定的实施例,但是应当认识到,实现相同或相似目的的任何安排可以代替本主题披露内容所描述或示出的实施例。本题披露内容旨在涵盖各个实施例的任何以及所有适配或变体。可以在本主题披露内容中使用以上实施例的组合以及本文中未具体描述的其他实施例。例如,来自一个或多个实施例的一个或多个特征可以与一个或多个其他实施例的一个或多个特征进行组合。在一个或多个实施例中,积极引用的特征也可以被否定地引用并且从需要或不需要被另一结构和/或功能特征来代替的实施例中排除。可以以任何顺序来执行关于本主题披露内容的实施例所描述的步骤或功能。关于本主题披露内容的实施例所描述的步骤或功能可以单独执行或者与本主题披露内容的其他步骤或功能、以及来自其他实施例或来自本主题披露内容中尚未描述的其他步骤组合地执行。进一步地,还可以利用关于实施例所描述的多于或少于全部的特征。
Claims (15)
1.一种方法,包括:
由分布式天线系统的第一网络元件的经由第一电磁波在第一传输介质的表面上的传播进行操作而无需电回流路径的系统来接收调制信号,所述第一网络元件包括信号处理电路系统,其中,所述调制信号处于第一频谱片段中,并且所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议;
由所述系统基于对处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;
由所述系统在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息,其中,所述故障减轻消息包括用于选择备用通信链路的指令,所述备用通信链路经由第二电磁波在第二传输介质的表面上的传播进行操作而无需电回流路径;以及
由所述系统将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的第二网络元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述故障减轻消息进一步包括以下各项之一:故障检测指示;用于选择备用通信链路的指令;备用通信链路的测试结果;或者用于将所述第一频谱片段修改为不同频率范围的指令。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述控制信道是在与所述第二频谱片段间隔开的第三频谱片段中传输的。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
发射参考信号,所述参考信号使得所述第二网络元件能够减小当将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号重新变换成处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号以便将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号无线地分配给通信设备时的相位误差。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
由所述系统在所述控制信道中发射指令,以指引所述分布式天线系统的所述第二网络元件将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述无线信令协议包括长期演进(LTE)无线协议或第五代移动通信协议。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,由所述系统进行的所述变换包括:将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号上变频为处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,由所述第二网络元件进行的所述变换包括:将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号下变频为处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,由所述系统进行的所述变换包括:将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号下变频为处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,由所述第二网络元件进行的所述变换包括:将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号上变频为处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述信号处理电路系统包括促进模拟信号处理的模拟信号处理电路系统,其中,所述信号处理包括所述模拟信号处理,并且其中,所述模拟信号处理不需要模数转换或数模转换。
12.一种分布式天线系统的网络设备,所述网络设备包括:
基站接口,被配置用于由分布式天线系统的第一网络元件的经由第一电磁波在第一传输介质的表面上的传播进行操作而无需电回流路径的系统来接收调制信号,所述第一网络元件包括信号处理电路系统,其中,所述调制信号处于第一频谱片段中,并且所述调制信号遵循无线信令协议;
收发器,被配置用于:
基于对处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号的信号处理且在不修改处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号的所述无线信令协议的情况下将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于第二频谱片段中的调制信号,其中,所述第二频谱片段在所述第一频谱片段之外;
在控制信道中生成故障减轻消息,其中,所述故障减轻消息包括用于选择备用通信链路的指令,所述备用通信链路经由第二电磁波在第二传输介质的表面上的传播进行操作而无需电回流路径;并且
将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号以及所述控制信道传输到所述分布式天线系统的第二网络元件。
13.如权利要求12所述的网络设备,其中,所述控制信道是在与所述第二频谱片段间隔开的第三频谱片段中传输的。
14.如权利要求12所述的网络设备,其中,所述收发器进一步被配置用于发射参考信号,所述参考信号使得另一网络设备能够减小当将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号重新变换成处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号以便将处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号无线地分配给通信设备时的相位误差。
15.如权利要求12所述的网络设备,其中,所述收发器进一步被配置用于在所述控制信道中发射指令,以指引所述分布式天线系统的所述另一网络设备将处于所述第二频谱片段中的所述调制信号变换成处于所述第一频谱片段中的所述调制信号。
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WO2018052830A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
WO2018052830A8 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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BR112019004884A2 (pt) | 2019-06-11 |
KR20190052077A (ko) | 2019-05-15 |
JP2020500441A (ja) | 2020-01-09 |
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US20180077709A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
US11032819B2 (en) | 2021-06-08 |
EP3513499A1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
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