US3686596A - Double mitered compensated waveguide bend - Google Patents

Double mitered compensated waveguide bend Download PDF

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US3686596A
US3686596A US122104A US3686596DA US3686596A US 3686596 A US3686596 A US 3686596A US 122104 A US122104 A US 122104A US 3686596D A US3686596D A US 3686596DA US 3686596 A US3686596 A US 3686596A
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bend
waveguide
plane
angle
housing
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Thomas K Albee
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Amphenol Corp
Bunker Ramo Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/02Bends; Corners; Twists
    • H01P1/022Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section
    • H01P1/027Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section in the H-plane

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  • Arbuckle 5 7 ABSTRACT A double mitered, compensated waveguide bend having a low VSWR over a wide bandwidth in which the effective width of the waveguide in the plane of the bend is narrowed at the mitered comers and increased on a line bisecting the angle of the bend.
  • conductive posts or irises disposed within the waveguide bend substantially on a line where the intermediate section joins each of the two straight sections. These posts extend vertically between the top and bottom of the waveguide bend and may alternatively be spaced from the outer vertical walls or contiguous to the inside vertical wall of the waveguide at the 45 bends.
  • mitered waveguide corners exhibit very narrow bandwidths, and cannot be used'without an appropriate matching device for compensation, the mitered corners are desirably spaced in such a way that their reflections cancel each other at the bend frequency for which the waveguide is designed.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel double mitered waveguide bend having an impedance profile substantially identical for all sections to thereby provide an impedance match over the entire bandwidth of the energy propagated therethrough.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel right angle waveguide bend having an odd number and not less than three reflections.
  • Yet another object is to provide a novel double mitered waveguide bend having an even number not less than four discrete sections.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded pictorial view of a preferred embodiment of the double mitered right angle waveguide bend of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the lower portion of the waveguide bend of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan view of a second embodiment of the waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of a thirdembodiment of the waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic top plan view of a fourth embodiment of the waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic top plan view of a fifth embodiment of the waveguide of the present invention.
  • a block 10 of electrically conductive material may be machined or otherwise grooved from the upper surface 12 thereof to the horizontal dimensions hereinafter described.
  • a second planar block 13 of electrically conductive material may be applied to the upper surface 12 of the lower block 10 to provide the fourth wall, i.e., the top wall, of the waveguide within the bend.
  • the rectangular waveguides have a horizontal or electrical I-I plane dimension X and a vertical or electrical E plane dimension Y, and are adapted to be connected to the two openings 14 and 16in the waveguide bend as illustrated in FIG. I.
  • the vertical dimensions are the same throughout the bend in the plane normal to the plane of the bend, i.e. the E plane.
  • the vertical dimensions are moreover substantially identical to the vertical or E plane dimensions-of the straight sections of waveguide to be secured thereto.
  • the horizontal dimension of the waveguide bend in the plane of the bend, i.e. the H plane is reduced relative to the horizontal or H plane dimensions of the straight sections of waveguide adjacent the corners or junction thereof with a section disposed generally at an angle of 45 thereto.
  • the dimension of this generally 45 section in the plane of the bend, the horizontal or H plane is increased at the center thereof along a line bisecting the angle of the bend.
  • the vertical wall 17 of the center section of the waveguide bend may be faired smoothly into the vertical walls of the two straight waveguide sections (not shown) by machining or otherwise grooving the upper surface 12 of the conductive block to form arcuate surfaces 18 having a radius R.
  • the surfaces 18 may be tangent to the vertical walls of the straight sections of waveguide at the openings 14 and 16 of the bend and tangent as well to the vertical wall 17 of the center wall section 17 of the generally 45 section of the bend.
  • the arcs of the surfaces 18 may be swung from a center 19 on a line drawn to the longitudinal axis of the straight waveguide section at an angle of one-quarter of the angle of the bend, and having a radius of between about 1 18 to 120 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide.
  • the distance between the centers 19 may be between about 58 and 60 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide, raised to a power of
  • the impedance compensating reduction in the horizontal dimension of the waveguide may be accomplished in the illustrated embodiment by machining or otherwise grooving the bend to leave the conductive vertical walls of the block 10 as defined by a first pair of surfaces 23 and 27, intersecting, respectively, a second pair of surfaces 24 and 26 on the inside of the bend extending transversely into the waveguide as illustrated at points 28 and 30, substantially alonga line bisecting the angle formed by the junction of the straight waveguide sections and the center section of the bend disposed generally 45 thereto, i.e., the one-quarter of the angle of the bend line referenced above.
  • the narrowest horizontal dimension of the waveguide bend as measured along both of these onequarter of the angle of the bend lines is between about. 91 and 95 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide.
  • the increased horizontal width of the waveguide may be obtained by machining or otherwise grooving the inside vertical wall of the bend between points 28 and 30 of the narrowest dimensions.
  • the maximum width of the waveguide in the bend may be at a point on the line of symmetry of the bend, i.e., the line normal to the outer vertical wall 17, to about 104 to 105 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide.
  • the impedance Z seen looking along one of the straight sections of the rectangular waveguide into the opening 14 is converted to an impedance Z at the apex 28, i.e., the first reduction in the horizontal dimension of the waveguide.
  • the impedance Z of the section beginning at the apex 28 is converted to an impedance 2;, at the center of the bend, i.e., the enlarged horizontal dimension at point 20.
  • the impedance Z looking toward the opening 16 from the center of the bend is reconverted by the reversal in the angle of the internal vertical wall 26 to an impedance Z
  • the impedance change at the apex reconverts the impedance Z to that of the rectangular waveguide, i.e., Z,.
  • the electrically conductive irises at the inside of the bend may be replaced by vertical posts disposed alternatively both at the inside or both at the outside of the bend adjacent the vertical walls thereof.
  • a good electrical connection should be established between the inductive posts and the waveguide and the posts should be highly conductive to reduce the losses due to the resistivity of the posts.
  • the outer wall of the bend may be defined by straight sections 50 and 52 coplanar with the side walls of the waveguides and by a planar section 54 intersecting both of the sections 50 and 52 at an angle one-half of the angle of the bend, e.g., for a 90 bend.
  • the inside wall of the bend may be defined by straight sections 56 and 58 coplanar with the walls of the waveguides.
  • An arcuate surface 60 may connect the surfaces 56 and 58.
  • the center for the arc of the surface 60 must lie substantially on a line normal to and bisecting the section 54 of the outer wall, i.e., at the line bisecting the angle of the bend.
  • the center for the arcuate surface 60 may lie on or nearthe surface 54 so that the junction of the arcuate surface 60 with each of the surfaces of the straight sections 56 and 58 is substantially on a line passing through the junction respectively of the straight sections and 52 with the section 54 and bisecting the angle formed thereby. This line will hereinafter be known as the one-quarter angle line.
  • the point of maximum horizontal waveguide width is thus on the line of symmetry earlier described to provide the necessary increase in the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend as discussed supra.
  • the effective narrowing of the horizontal dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend may be accomplished by the use of conductive posts 62 disposed on the one-quarter angle lines earlier described. These posts 62 may be spaced from the walls of the waveguide but are desirably placed as close as possible to reduce the post current.
  • FIG. 4 A third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 in which the surfaces 50, 52 and 5 4 define the outside wall of the bend as earlier described in connection with FIG. 3. Similarly, the inside wall of the bend may include the straight surfaces 56 and 58.
  • the widening of the horizontal dimension of the line of symmetry may however be achieved by vertical planar surfaces 64 and 66 joining the surfaces 56 and 58 respectively on the one quarter angle lines earlier described and mutually intersecting on the line'of-symmetry of the bend, the one half angle line.
  • the effective narrowing of the horizontal dimension of the waveguide may likewise be accomplished by means of vertical posts 68 located in this embodiment adjacent the junction of the inside wall surface 56 with the surface 64 and the surface 66 with the surface 58.
  • FIG. 5 Still another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 5 in which the straight surfaces .56 and 58 on the inside of the bend are joined at the one-quarter angle lines by a planar surface 70.
  • the straight surfaces 50 and 52 on the outside of the bend may be joined respectively on the one quarter angle lines by surfaces 72 and 74 which mutually intersect on the line' of symmetry of the bend.
  • An increase in the horizontal dimension of the waveguide on the line of symmetry is thus achieved.
  • the surfaces 72 and 74 may, of course be replaced by an arcuate surface as shown in FIG. 6 where the radius for the arcuate surface 51 is between about 107 and 109 percent of the dimension of the. waveguide in the plane of the bend.
  • the effective narrowing of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend may be achieved by vertical posts 76 contiguous with the junction of the surfaces 56 and 70 and the junction of the surfaces 70 and 58.
  • substantially normal to the line bisecting the angle of the bend is intended, for example, to encompass the combination of the surfaces 24 and 26 of FIG. 2, the combination of the surfaces 64 and 66 of FIG. 4, the combination of the surfaces 72 and 74 of FIG. 5, the arcuate surface 60 of FIG. 3, and the arcuate surface 51 of FIG. 6.
  • the present invention may be embodied in many forms means within said housing adjacent each of said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend being defined by:
  • a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the 'waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and I a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being generally arcuate away from the sidewall on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
  • FIG. 1 By the use of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in an X band waveguide having dimensions of 0.4 by 0.9 inch, a VSWR between 1.010 and 1.090 has been achieved for a band width of 8 to 12.6 gigahertz.
  • This bend has been accomplished in a block 1.5 inches square in the plane of the bend.
  • the bend of the present invention is also suitable for bends in the E plane with a caveat as to the amount of power that may be applied without voltage breakdown.
  • a broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efiicient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend comprising two discrete surfaces intersecting in a plane bisecting the angle of the bend, said intersecting surfaces forming an obtuse angle facing the sidewall on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
  • said impedance compensating means comprises an element of electrically conducting material adjacent the sidewall on the inside of the bend.
  • a broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the'inside of the bend comprising two discrete surfaces forming at their intersection on a line bisecting the angle of the bend an obtuse angle facing the sidewall of the bend on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within saidhousing in the plane of the bend along said line bisecting the angle of the bend is greater than the correspondingdimension of the waveguide.
  • the waveguide bend of claim 15 wherein the number of waveguide sections in the bend is four and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane thereof on a line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
  • a broadband, low VSWR, double rnitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said. housing, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, said waveguide bend including an even number of waveguide sections, a first pair of said sections being of equal length and wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at their intersection on a line bisecting the angle of the bend than on their respective intersection with one of a second pair of said waveguide sections,
  • tions is between about 91 and 95 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
  • the waveguide bend of claim 25 wherein the number of waveguide sections is four, and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane of the bend along said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
  • a broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the effi' cient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend,
  • the effective cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend being greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide
  • the effective cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend adjacent said ports being less than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide, said differing effective cross-sectional dimensions interacting to reduce the VSWR of the bend over a broadband of frequencies.

Abstract

A double mitered, compensated waveguide bend having a low VSWR over a wide bandwidth in which the effective width of the waveguide in the plane of the bend is narrowed at the mitered corners and increased on a line bisecting the angle of the bend.

Description

United States Patent Albee DOUBLE MITERED COMPENSATED WAVEGUIDE BEND [72] Inventor: Thomas K. Albee, Western Springs,
[73] Assignee: The Bunker-Ramo Corporation,
Oak Brook, 111.
[22] Filed: March 8, 1971 [21] App1.No.: 122,104
Related US. Application Data [63] (llggiginuation of Ser. No. 819,294, April 25,
52 us. or ..333/98 BE, 333/33, 333/34 51 int. Cl. ..1-101p l/02,1-l0lp 5/00 58 Field of Search ..333/98 BE, 98 R, 33, 34
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,640,877 6/1953 Miller et a1. ..333/98 BE 1 Aug. 22, 1972 2,810,111 10/1957 Cohn ..333/98 BE 3,072,870 1/ 1963 Walker ..333/98 BE 3,157,844 11/1964 Lanctot ..333/98 S OTHER PUBLICATIONS Marshall et al., Precision Waveguides, The Engineer, Western Electric, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1- 1957, pp. 35- 41 Ragan, G. L., Microwave Transmission Circuits, McGraw Hill, 1948, pp. 203 217 Primary Examiner-Herman Karl Saalbach Assistant Examiner-Wm. H. Punter Attorney-Frederick M. Arbuckle 5 7 ABSTRACT A double mitered, compensated waveguide bend having a low VSWR over a wide bandwidth in which the effective width of the waveguide in the plane of the bend is narrowed at the mitered comers and increased on a line bisecting the angle of the bend.
27 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures atented Aug. 22, 1972 INVENTOR Tl/oms k. 1555 DOUBLE MITERED COMPENSATED WAVEGUIDE BEND This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 819,294, filed Apr. 25, 1969.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION by swung between the center lines of the straight waveguide sections is generally three-quarters of a wave length of the energy transmitted or more'in odd multiples of quarter wave lengths at the center band frequency. This construction provides a low VSWR with an inherent broad bandwidth but the size limitation is deemed undesirable for many applications.
Attempts to shorten thelength of the radius of the waveguide bend to the point where the two straight waveguide sections are disposed at right angles to each other have been attempted. While these bends relax somewhat the space requirements, they, tend to be frequency sensitive and difficult to impedance match over the full frequency range. In attempting to improve the bandwidth, the prior art has increased the radius of curvature of the arc joining the two straight sections of waveguide thus narrowing the horizontal dimension of the waveguide in the area of the bend. Vertical conductive posts or irises disposed at the junctions of the straight sections of the waveguide to-the radius bend have been utilized.
An alternative prior art approach has been to utilize double mitered bends in which a section of waveguide disposed intermediate to the two right angle waveguide sections at an angle of 45 to both. This in effect accomplishes two abrupt 45 angle changes in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide. This type of construction also provides a low VSWR but only for a very narrow bandwidth which renders the bend unsuitable for many applications without compensation.
Attempts to compensate for the deficiencies of the double mitered 90 bend have included the utilization of conductive posts or irises disposed within the waveguide bend substantially on a line where the intermediate section joins each of the two straight sections. These posts extend vertically between the top and bottom of the waveguide bend and may alternatively be spaced from the outer vertical walls or contiguous to the inside vertical wall of the waveguide at the 45 bends.
Inasmuch as mitered waveguide corners exhibit very narrow bandwidths, and cannot be used'without an appropriate matching device for compensation, the mitered corners are desirably spaced in such a way that their reflections cancel each other at the bend frequency for which the waveguide is designed.
radius bends, the mean or center line length of the arc; 2Q
While this latter type of waveguide bend construction has resulted in improved performance, the bandwidth at a low VSWR does not approach that of the present invention. It is accordingly an object of the present invention to obviate the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a novel double mitered waveguide bend small in size relative to the wave length of the energy propagated therethrough.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel double mitered waveguide bend having an impedance profile substantially identical for all sections to thereby provide an impedance match over the entire bandwidth of the energy propagated therethrough.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel right angle waveguide bend having an odd number and not less than three reflections.
Yet another object is to provide a novel double mitered waveguide bend having an even number not less than four discrete sections.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from a perusal of the claims and the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention when read in conjunction with the appended drawings.
THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded pictorial view of a preferred embodiment of the double mitered right angle waveguide bend of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the lower portion of the waveguide bend of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan view of a second embodiment of the waveguide of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of a thirdembodiment of the waveguide of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top plan view of a fourth embodiment of the waveguide of the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic top plan view of a fifth embodiment of the waveguide of the present invention.
THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION With reference to FIG. 1, a block 10 of electrically conductive material may be machined or otherwise grooved from the upper surface 12 thereof to the horizontal dimensions hereinafter described. A second planar block 13 of electrically conductive material may be applied to the upper surface 12 of the lower block 10 to provide the fourth wall, i.e., the top wall, of the waveguide within the bend. I I
It is important that high conductivity materials be utilized in the construction of the bend since the two most significant losses are due respectively to the resistive component of the waveguide material and the resistive material of the inductive posts or irises hereinafter described.
Assuming that the plane of the waveguide bend is in the X or horizontal plane, the rectangular waveguides have a horizontal or electrical I-I plane dimension X and a vertical or electrical E plane dimension Y, and are adapted to be connected to the two openings 14 and 16in the waveguide bend as illustrated in FIG. I.
In accordance with the present invention, the vertical dimensions are the same throughout the bend in the plane normal to the plane of the bend, i.e. the E plane. The vertical dimensions are moreover substantially identical to the vertical or E plane dimensions-of the straight sections of waveguide to be secured thereto. The horizontal dimension of the waveguide bend in the plane of the bend, i.e. the H plane, is reduced relative to the horizontal or H plane dimensions of the straight sections of waveguide adjacent the corners or junction thereof with a section disposed generally at an angle of 45 thereto. The dimension of this generally 45 section in the plane of the bend, the horizontal or H plane, is increased at the center thereof along a line bisecting the angle of the bend.
With reference now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the vertical wall 17 of the center section of the waveguide bend may be faired smoothly into the vertical walls of the two straight waveguide sections (not shown) by machining or otherwise grooving the upper surface 12 of the conductive block to form arcuate surfaces 18 having a radius R. The surfaces 18 may be tangent to the vertical walls of the straight sections of waveguide at the openings 14 and 16 of the bend and tangent as well to the vertical wall 17 of the center wall section 17 of the generally 45 section of the bend. The arcs of the surfaces 18 may be swung from a center 19 on a line drawn to the longitudinal axis of the straight waveguide section at an angle of one-quarter of the angle of the bend, and having a radius of between about 1 18 to 120 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide. The distance between the centers 19 may be between about 58 and 60 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide, raised to a power of The impedance compensating reduction in the horizontal dimension of the waveguide may be accomplished in the illustrated embodiment by machining or otherwise grooving the bend to leave the conductive vertical walls of the block 10 as defined by a first pair of surfaces 23 and 27, intersecting, respectively, a second pair of surfaces 24 and 26 on the inside of the bend extending transversely into the waveguide as illustrated at points 28 and 30, substantially alonga line bisecting the angle formed by the junction of the straight waveguide sections and the center section of the bend disposed generally 45 thereto, i.e., the one-quarter of the angle of the bend line referenced above.
The narrowest horizontal dimension of the waveguide bend as measured along both of these onequarter of the angle of the bend lines is between about. 91 and 95 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide.
The increased horizontal width of the waveguide may be obtained by machining or otherwise grooving the inside vertical wall of the bend between points 28 and 30 of the narrowest dimensions. The maximum width of the waveguide in the bend may be at a point on the line of symmetry of the bend, i.e., the line normal to the outer vertical wall 17, to about 104 to 105 percent of the horizontal dimension X of the waveguide.
cel at the center band design frequency. The cancellation of these multi-mode reflections requires an odd number, three or more, of reflection generating means within the bend. An even number, four .or more, of discrete sections of waveguide are thus present in the bend. i
The impedance Z seen looking along one of the straight sections of the rectangular waveguide into the opening 14 is converted to an impedance Z at the apex 28, i.e., the first reduction in the horizontal dimension of the waveguide. The impedance Z of the section beginning at the apex 28 is converted to an impedance 2;, at the center of the bend, i.e., the enlarged horizontal dimension at point 20. The impedance Z looking toward the opening 16 from the center of the bend is reconverted by the reversal in the angle of the internal vertical wall 26 to an impedance Z The impedance change at the apex reconverts the impedance Z to that of the rectangular waveguide, i.e., Z,. An impedance match and cancellation of the multi-mode reflection is thus attained along the line of symmetry of the waveguide bend. The energy propagated through the bend sees an odd number of reflections and an even number of discrete sections arranged symmetrically to effect the multi-mode cancellation.
As is well known, the electrically conductive irises at the inside of the bend may be replaced by vertical posts disposed alternatively both at the inside or both at the outside of the bend adjacent the vertical walls thereof. A good electrical connection should be established between the inductive posts and the waveguide and the posts should be highly conductive to reduce the losses due to the resistivity of the posts.
Other embodiments of the waveguide of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 3-6. With reference, for example to FIG. 3, the outer wall of the bend may be defined by straight sections 50 and 52 coplanar with the side walls of the waveguides and by a planar section 54 intersecting both of the sections 50 and 52 at an angle one-half of the angle of the bend, e.g., for a 90 bend.
The inside wall of the bend may be defined by straight sections 56 and 58 coplanar with the walls of the waveguides. An arcuate surface 60 may connect the surfaces 56 and 58. The center for the arc of the surface 60 must lie substantially on a line normal to and bisecting the section 54 of the outer wall, i.e., at the line bisecting the angle of the bend. The center for the arcuate surface 60 may lie on or nearthe surface 54 so that the junction of the arcuate surface 60 with each of the surfaces of the straight sections 56 and 58 is substantially on a line passing through the junction respectively of the straight sections and 52 with the section 54 and bisecting the angle formed thereby. This line will hereinafter be known as the one-quarter angle line.
The point of maximum horizontal waveguide width is thus on the line of symmetry earlier described to provide the necessary increase in the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend as discussed supra.
The effective narrowing of the horizontal dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend may be accomplished by the use of conductive posts 62 disposed on the one-quarter angle lines earlier described. These posts 62 may be spaced from the walls of the waveguide but are desirably placed as close as possible to reduce the post current.
A third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 in which the surfaces 50, 52 and 5 4 define the outside wall of the bend as earlier described in connection with FIG. 3. Similarly, the inside wall of the bend may include the straight surfaces 56 and 58.
The widening of the horizontal dimension of the line of symmetry may however be achieved by vertical planar surfaces 64 and 66 joining the surfaces 56 and 58 respectively on the one quarter angle lines earlier described and mutually intersecting on the line'of-symmetry of the bend, the one half angle line.
The effective narrowing of the horizontal dimension of the waveguide may likewise be accomplished by means of vertical posts 68 located in this embodiment adjacent the junction of the inside wall surface 56 with the surface 64 and the surface 66 with the surface 58.
Still another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 5 in which the straight surfaces .56 and 58 on the inside of the bend are joined at the one-quarter angle lines by a planar surface 70. The straight surfaces 50 and 52 on the outside of the bend may be joined respectively on the one quarter angle lines by surfaces 72 and 74 which mutually intersect on the line' of symmetry of the bend. An increase in the horizontal dimension of the waveguide on the line of symmetry is thus achieved. The surfaces 72 and 74 may, of course be replaced by an arcuate surface as shown in FIG. 6 where the radius for the arcuate surface 51 is between about 107 and 109 percent of the dimension of the. waveguide in the plane of the bend.
The effective narrowing of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend may be achieved by vertical posts 76 contiguous with the junction of the surfaces 56 and 70 and the junction of the surfaces 70 and 58.
The term substantially normal to the line bisecting the angle of the bend is intended, for example, to encompass the combination of the surfaces 24 and 26 of FIG. 2, the combination of the surfaces 64 and 66 of FIG. 4, the combination of the surfaces 72 and 74 of FIG. 5, the arcuate surface 60 of FIG. 3, and the arcuate surface 51 of FIG. 6.
As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied in many forms means within said housing adjacent each of said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend being defined by:
a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports,
a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the 'waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and I a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being generally arcuate away from the sidewall on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
2. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90 and wherein the plane of the waveguide bend is the H plane.
without departing from the scope thereof. By the use of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in an X band waveguide having dimensions of 0.4 by 0.9 inch, a VSWR between 1.010 and 1.090 has been achieved for a band width of 8 to 12.6 gigahertz.
This bend has been accomplished in a block 1.5 inches square in the plane of the bend.
The bend of the present invention is also suitable for bends in the E plane with a caveat as to the amount of power that may be applied without voltage breakdown.
It is intended therefore that the invention not be limited 3. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein the sidewall of the bend in the inside of the bend is defined by:
a surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports, I
a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and
a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend.
4. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein said impedance compensating means are located adjacent the sidewall on the inside wall of the bend.
5. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein the dimension of the bend on said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
6. The waveguide bend of claim 5 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is and wherein the plane of the waveguide bend is the H plane; and,
wherein the sidewall of the bend in the inside of the bend is defined by:
a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports,
a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and
a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend.
7. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efiicient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend comprising two discrete surfaces intersecting in a plane bisecting the angle of the bend, said intersecting surfaces forming an obtuse angle facing the sidewall on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
8. The broadband of claim 7 wherein the dimension of the bend on said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
9. The waveguide bend of claim 8 wherein the sidewall of the bend on the inside of the bend is defined by:
a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports,
a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and
' a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend; and
wherein said impedance compensating means comprises an element of electrically conducting material adjacent the sidewall on the inside of the bend.
10. The waveguide bend of claim 9 wherein the angle of the bend is 90 and wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane.
11. The broadband of claim 7 wherein the angle of the bend is 90 and wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane.
12. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the'inside of the bend comprising two discrete surfaces forming at their intersection on a line bisecting the angle of the bend an obtuse angle facing the sidewall of the bend on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within saidhousing in the plane of the bend along said line bisecting the angle of the bend is greater than the correspondingdimension of the waveguide.
13. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend is defined by:
a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports,
a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and,
a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend.
14. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90, and wherein the plane of the waveguide bend is the H plane.
15; The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the waveguide bend as defined by said sidewalls includes an even number of waveguide sections, a first pair of said sections being of equal length and wider in crosssection in the plane of the bend at their intersection on said line bisecting the angle of the bend than on their respective intersection with one of a second pair of said waveguide sections, said second pair of said sections being of equal length and being wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at said ports than at their respective intersection with said first pair of sections.
16. The waveguide bend of claim 15 wherein the number of waveguide sections in the bend is four and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane thereof on a line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
17. The waveguide bend of claim 16 wherein the angle of the bend is 90, and wherein the bend is the H plane.
18. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the sidewall of the bend on said outside of said bend is cent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
20. A broadband, low VSWR, double rnitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said. housing, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, said waveguide bend including an even number of waveguide sections, a first pair of said sections being of equal length and wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at their intersection on a line bisecting the angle of the bend than on their respective intersection with one of a second pair of said waveguide sections,
tions is between about 91 and 95 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
22. The waveguide bend of claim wherein the dimension of the waveguide bend in the plane of the bend at the intersection of said first pair of sections is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
23. The waveguide bend of claim 22 wherein the dimension of the waveguide bend in the plane thereof at the intersection of said first and second sections is between about 91 and 95 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
24. The waveguide bend of claim 23 wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane; and wherein the angle of the bend is 90.
25. The waveguide bend of claim 20 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90 and wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane.
26. The waveguide bend of claim 25 wherein the number of waveguide sections is four, and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane of the bend along said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
27. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the effi' cient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend,
the effective cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend being greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide, and,
the effective cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend adjacent said ports being less than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide, said differing effective cross-sectional dimensions interacting to reduce the VSWR of the bend over a broadband of frequencies.

Claims (27)

1. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent each of said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend being defined by: a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports, a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being generally arcuate away from the sidewall on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
2. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90* and wherein the plane of the waveguide bend is the H plane.
3. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein the sidewall of the bend in the inside of the bend is defined by: a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports, a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend.
4. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein said impedance compensating means are located adjacent the sidewall on the inside wall of the bend.
5. The waveguide bend of claim 1 wherein the dimension of the bend on said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
6. The waveguide bend of claim 5 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90* and wherein the plane of the waveguide bend is The H plane; and, wherein the sidewall of the bend in the inside of the bend is defined by: a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports, a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend.
7. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend comprising two discrete surfaces intersecting in a plane bisecting the angle of the bend, said intersecting surfaces forming an obtuse angle facing the sidewall on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
8. The waveguide bend of claim 7 wherein the dimension of the bend on said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
9. The waveguide bend of claim 8 wherein the sidewall of the bend on the inside of the bend is defined by: a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports, a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and a third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend; and wherein said impedance compensating means comprises an element of electrically conducting material adjacent the sidewall on the inside of the bend.
10. The waveguide bend of claim 9 wherein the angle of the bend is 90* and wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane.
11. The waveguide bend of claim 7 wherein the angle of the bend is 90* and wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane.
12. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing and having impedance compensating means within said housing adjacent said ports, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the sidewall of the bend on the inside of the bend comprising two discrete surfaces forming at their intersection on a line bisecting the angle of the bend an obtuse angle facing the sidewall of the bend on the inside of the bend so that the cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along said line bisecting the angle of the bend is greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide.
13. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the sidewall of the bend on the outside of the bend is defined by: a first surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent one of said ports, a second surface substantially coplanar with one wall of the waveguide externally of said housing adjacent the other of said ports, and, A third surface connecting said first and second surfaces, said third surface being substantially normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend.
14. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90*, and wherein the plane of the waveguide bend is the H plane.
15. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the waveguide bend as defined by said sidewalls includes an even number of waveguide sections, a first pair of said sections being of equal length and wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at their intersection on said line bisecting the angle of the bend than on their respective intersection with one of a second pair of said waveguide sections, said second pair of said sections being of equal length and being wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at said ports than at their respective intersection with said first pair of sections.
16. The waveguide bend of claim 15 wherein the number of waveguide sections in the bend is four and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane thereof on a line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
17. The waveguide bend of claim 16 wherein the angle of the bend is 90*, and wherein the bend is the H plane.
18. The waveguide bend of claim 12 wherein the sidewall of the bend on said outside of said bend is defined by a planar surface normal to said line bisecting the angle of the bend and a pair of arcuate surfaces on opposite sides thereof, said arcuate surfaces being substantially tangential both to said planar surface and to the sidewalls of the waveguide at said ports.
19. The waveguide bend of claim 18 wherein the angle of the bend is 90*, wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane, and wherein the radius of curvature of said arcuate surface is between about 118 and 120 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
20. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, said waveguide bend including an even number of waveguide sections, a first pair of said sections being of equal length and wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at their intersection on a line bisecting the angle of the bend than on their respective intersection with one of a second pair of said waveguide sections, said second pair of said sections being of equal length and being wider in cross-section in the plane of the bend at said ports than at their respective intersection with said first pair of sections, said intersections being spaced such that discontinuities defined thereby interact to reduce the VSWR of the bend over a broadband of frequencies.
21. The waveguide bend of claim 20 wherein the number of waveguide sections in the bend is four and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane thereof at the intersection of said first and second pair of sections is between about 91 and 95 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
22. The waveguide bend of claim 20 wherein the dimension of the waveguide bend in the plane of the bend at the intersection of said first pair of sections is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
23. The waveguide bend of claim 22 wherein the dimension of the waveguide bend in the plane thereof at the intersection of said first and second sections is between about 91 and 95 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
24. The waveguide bend of claim 23 wherein the Plane of the bend is the H plane; and wherein the angle of the bend is 90*.
25. The waveguide bend of claim 20 wherein the angle of the waveguide bend is 90* and wherein the plane of the bend is the H plane.
26. The waveguide bend of claim 25 wherein the number of waveguide sections is four, and wherein the dimension of the bend in the plane of the bend along said line bisecting the angle of the bend is between about 104 and 105 percent of the dimension of the waveguide in the plane of the bend.
27. A broadband, low VSWR, double mitered waveguide bend for a hollow pipe waveguide having rectangular cross-sectional dimensions comprising a waveguide bend defining housing having two ports adapted to be aligned with the waveguide for the efficient transmission of electromagnetic energy through said housing, the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide within said housing being substantially uniform in the plane normal to the bend, the effective cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend along a line bisecting the angle of the waveguide bend being greater than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide, and, the effective cross-sectional dimension of the waveguide within said housing in the plane of the bend adjacent said ports being less than the corresponding dimension of the waveguide, said differing effective cross-sectional dimensions interacting to reduce the VSWR of the bend over a broadband of frequencies.
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