JP5497348B2 - 塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法 - Google Patents

塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法 Download PDF

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JP5497348B2
JP5497348B2 JP2009147507A JP2009147507A JP5497348B2 JP 5497348 B2 JP5497348 B2 JP 5497348B2 JP 2009147507 A JP2009147507 A JP 2009147507A JP 2009147507 A JP2009147507 A JP 2009147507A JP 5497348 B2 JP5497348 B2 JP 5497348B2
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秀樹 山本
岩夫 住母家
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株式会社 電硝エンジニアリング
秀樹 山本
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この発明は、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液から塩酸系混酸とフッ酸系混酸をそれぞれ回収する方法に関する。
この明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、「塩酸組成比の増大した」の語は、混酸廃液における塩酸組成比よりも第2留出液における塩酸組成比の方が大きい関係が成立していることを意味する。
また、この明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、「塩酸組成比」の語は、混酸廃液または第2留出液における塩酸のモル数とフッ酸のモル数の合計モル数に対する塩酸のモル数の割合を意味するものである。即ち、塩酸のモル濃度/(塩酸のモル濃度+フッ酸のモル濃度)で算出される値である。
この明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、「フッ酸組成比の増大した」の語は、混酸廃液におけるフッ酸組成比よりも第3留出液におけるフッ酸組成比の方が大きい関係が成立していることを意味する。
また、この明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、「フッ酸組成比」の語は、混酸廃液または第3留出液における塩酸のモル数とフッ酸のモル数の合計モル数に対するフッ酸のモル数の割合を意味するものである。即ち、フッ酸のモル濃度/(塩酸のモル濃度+フッ酸のモル濃度)で算出される値である。
近年飛躍的に成長した液晶製造産業や半導体製造産業においては、その製造過程において多様な廃水が出る。例えば、液晶製造工程や半導体製造工程から塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液が出るが、このような塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から各酸を個別に分離回収して再利用することは現状では技術的に困難であることから、このような混酸廃液に対しては中和処理を施して排水するのが一般的であった(特許文献1参照)。
特開2002−126722号公報(段落0002)
しかし、前記中和処理によって排水中に微量のフッ素が含まれることになるので、少なからず環境汚染の原因となることは避けられず、環境保全の観点からするとこの中和処理は決して望ましい手段とは言えない。また、資源保護の要請から、近年リサイクル利用の重要性が叫ばれているが、従来の中和処理による排出方法は廃酸を全くリサイクル利用することなく捨ててしまう方法であるので、このような社会的要請にも全く応えることができないものであった。
しかして、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液から塩酸系混酸とフッ酸系混酸をそれぞれ回収できる技術を開発すれば、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液の再生利用技術を提供することができて、環境保全に貢献できると共に資源保護の要請にも十分に応えることができる。
この発明は、かかる技術的背景に鑑みてなされたものであって、簡単な蒸留操作で且つ低コストで、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液から塩酸系混酸とフッ酸系混酸をそれぞれ回収する方法を提供することを目的とする。
前記目的を達成するために、本発明は以下の手段を提供する。
[1]塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液を蒸留することによって、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸液を留出率20〜89質量%で留出させて第1留出液を得る第1蒸留工程と、
前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめて蒸留を行うことによって、塩酸組成比の増大した混酸液を留出させて第2留出液を得る第2蒸留工程と、
前記第1蒸留工程で得られた蒸留残液を蒸留することによって、フッ酸組成比の増大した混酸液を留出させて第3留出液を得る第3蒸留工程と、を含むことを特徴とする塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法。
[2]前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめてなる液における硝酸リチウムの含有割合が0.5〜15質量%である前項1に記載の塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法。
[3]前記第2蒸留工程における蒸留温度を95〜115℃の範囲に設定する前項1または2に記載の塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法。
[4]前項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の回収方法により得られた第2留出液を含有してなる塩酸系回収酸。
[5]前項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の回収方法により得られた第3留出液を含有してなるフッ酸系回収酸。
[1]の発明では、第2蒸留工程では、第1蒸留工程で得られた第1留出液(塩酸及びフッ酸を含有した留出液)に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめて蒸留を行うので、塩酸組成比の増大した混酸液からなる第2留出液(塩酸系混酸)を回収できる。この第2留出液は、第1蒸留工程での蒸留操作により留出した第1留出液から得られたものであるから、金属等の不純物の含有もなく、高純度の混酸である。また、第3蒸留工程では、第1蒸留工程で得られた蒸留残液を蒸留するので、フッ酸組成比の増大した混酸液からなる第3留出液(フッ酸系混酸)を回収できる。また、この第3留出液は、第1蒸留工程での蒸留残液(不純物含有)を蒸留して留出したものであるから、金属等の不純物の含有もなく、高純度の混酸である。
[2]の発明では、第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめてなる液における硝酸リチウムの含有割合が0.5〜15質量%であるから、混酸廃液から塩酸組成比をより増大させた第2留出液(塩酸系回収混酸)を回収できる利点がある。
[3]の発明では、第2蒸留工程における蒸留温度を95〜115℃の範囲に設定するので、低コストで効率良く第2留出液(塩酸系回収混酸)を回収できる。
[4]の発明では、金属等の不純物の含有のない高純度の塩酸系回収混酸が提供される。この塩酸系回収混酸は、混酸廃液を原料にして再生したものであるから資源の有効利用を図り得る。
[5]の発明では、金属等の不純物の含有のない高純度のフッ酸系回収混酸が提供される。このフッ酸系回収混酸は、混酸廃液を原料にして再生したものであるから資源の有効利用を図り得る。
この発明の回収方法の一例を示す概略説明図である。
この発明に係る、塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法は、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液を蒸留することによって、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸液を留出率20〜89質量%で留出させて第1留出液を得る第1蒸留工程と、前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめて蒸留を行うことによって、塩酸組成比の増大した混酸液を留出させて第2留出液を得る第2蒸留工程と、前記第1蒸留工程で得られた蒸留残液を蒸留することによって、フッ酸組成比の増大した混酸液を留出させて第3留出液を得る第3蒸留工程と、を含むことを特徴とする。
上記回収方法によれば、第2蒸留工程では、第1蒸留工程で得られた第1留出液(塩酸及びフッ酸を含有した留出液)に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめて蒸留を行うので、塩酸組成比の増大した混酸液からなる第2留出液(塩酸系混酸)を回収できる。この第2留出液は、第1蒸留工程での蒸留操作により留出した第1留出液から得られたものであるから、金属等の不純物の含有もなく、高純度の混酸である。また、第3蒸留工程では、第1蒸留工程で得られた蒸留残液を蒸留するので、フッ酸組成比の増大した混酸液からなる第3留出液(フッ酸系混酸)を回収できる。また、この第3留出液は、第1蒸留工程での蒸留残液(不純物含有)を蒸留して留出したものであるから、金属等の不純物の含有もなく、高純度の混酸である。また、第2留出液及び第3留出液は、混酸廃液を原料にして再生したものであるから、資源の有効利用を図ることができる。
この発明の回収方法を適用する対象の混酸廃液は、塩酸及びフッ酸(フッ化水素酸)を含む混酸廃液である。前記混酸廃液は、塩酸とフッ酸を除く他の酸をさらに含有したものであっても良い。
前記第1蒸留工程における蒸留温度(蒸留の際の混酸廃液の温度)は100〜140℃の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。100℃以上とすることで蒸留効率(生産性)を向上できると共に140℃以下とすることで蒸留に要する熱エネルギーコストを抑制することができる。中でも、前記第1蒸留工程における蒸留温度は105〜120℃の範囲に設定するのがより好ましい。
前記第1蒸留工程における蒸留は、留出率が20〜89質量%の範囲になるように行うのが好ましい。この場合には、第2留出液(塩酸系回収混酸)及び第3留出液(フッ酸系回収混酸)のうちのいずれか一方の回収量が少なくなることを回避できる。中でも、前記第1蒸留工程における蒸留は、留出率が50〜80質量%の範囲になるように行うのがより好ましく、特に好適なのは留出率55〜75質量%であり、さらに最も好適なのは留出率60〜70質量%である。
留出率(質量%)=100×第1留出液の質量/混酸廃液の質量
なお、前記留出率は、上記算出式で算出される値である。
前記第2蒸留工程において、前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめてなる液における硝酸リチウムの含有割合は0.5〜15質量%であるのが好ましい。0.5質量%以上とすることで塩酸組成比を十分に増大させた第2留出液(塩酸系混酸)を回収できると共に15質量%以下とすることで液中における硝酸リチウムの多量の析出を十分に防止できる。中でも、前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめてなる液における硝酸リチウムの含有割合は1.0〜12質量%であるのが特に好ましい。
前記第2蒸留工程における蒸留温度は95〜115℃の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。95℃以上とすることで蒸留効率(生産性)を向上できると共に115℃以下とすることで蒸留に要する熱エネルギーコストを抑制することができる。中でも、前記第2蒸留工程における蒸留温度は100〜110℃の範囲に設定するのがより好ましい。
前記第3蒸留工程における蒸留温度は105〜130℃の範囲に設定するのが好ましい。105℃以上とすることで蒸留効率(生産性)を向上できると共に130℃以下とすることで蒸留に要する熱エネルギーコストを抑制することができる。
上記のようにして得られた第2留出液(塩酸系回収混酸)及び第3留出液(フッ酸系回収混酸)は、そのまま使用することもできるし、各種用途に対応して適宜各酸の濃度を調整して使用することもできる。例えば第2留出液(塩酸系回収混酸)において塩酸の濃度を高める必要がある場合には、第2留出液に新たに塩酸(市販品や再生品等)を所要濃度になるまで添加混合すれば良い。
また、この発明の回収方法において、第1蒸留工程では、混酸廃液に対して特に金属塩等の塩を添加する必要はないが、この発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、金属塩等の塩を添加して蒸留することも可能である。同様に、第3蒸留工程では、第2蒸留工程からの蒸留残液に対して特に金属塩等の塩を添加する必要はないが、この発明の効果を阻害しない範囲であれば、金属塩等の塩を添加して蒸留することも可能である。
この発明に係る回収方法において用いられる回収装置の概略を図1に示す。(1)が第1蒸留塔、(2)が第2蒸留塔、(3)が第3蒸留塔である。前記第1蒸留塔(1)に、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液を投入して真空蒸留を行う。この第1蒸留操作により第1蒸留塔(1)の頂部から第1留出液(塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸液)が留出する。この第1蒸留塔(1)から留出した第1留出液と、硝酸リチウムとを第2蒸留塔(2)に投入してこの第2蒸留塔(2)で真空蒸留を行う。この第2蒸留操作により第2蒸留塔(2)の頂部から第2留出液(塩酸組成比の増大した混酸液)が留出する。こうして塩酸系回収混酸を得る。
前記第1蒸留塔(1)の底部から出た蒸留残液(缶出液)を第3蒸留塔(3)に投入してこの第3蒸留塔(3)で真空蒸留を行う。この第3蒸留操作により第3蒸留塔(3)の頂部から第3留出液(フッ酸組成比の増大した混酸液)が留出する。こうしてフッ酸系回収混酸を得る。
なお、この発明の回収方法は、図1に示される構成の回収装置で行われるものに特に限定されるものではない。
次に、この発明の具体的実施例について説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のものに特に限定されるものではない。
<実施例1>
図1に示す構成の回収装置を用いて以下のとおり第1蒸留工程、第2蒸留工程及び第3蒸留工程を実施した。
(第1蒸留工程)
塩酸濃度が1.98mol/dm3、フッ酸濃度が9.51mol/dm3である混酸廃水(金属イオン、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃水)1000質量部を第1蒸留塔(1)に投入して蒸留温度107℃で真空蒸留を留出率が62.5質量%になるまで行った。この蒸留操作により第1蒸留塔(1)の頂部から塩酸濃度が2.36mol/dm3、フッ酸濃度が3.41mol/dm3である留出混酸液(第1留出液)625質量部を得た。
(第2蒸留工程)
前記第1蒸留工程で得られた第1留出液625質量部に硝酸リチウム(LiNO3)を9質量部溶解せしめて第2蒸留塔(2)に投入して蒸留温度107℃で真空蒸留を行った。この蒸留操作により第2蒸留塔(2)の頂部から塩酸濃度が6.20mol/dm3、フッ酸濃度が1.62mol/dm3である留出混酸液(第2留出液)を398質量部回収した。即ち、塩酸系回収混酸を398質量部得た。
(第3蒸留工程)
前記第1蒸留工程で得られた375質量部の蒸留残液(缶出液)(塩酸濃度が1.19mol/dm3、フッ酸濃度が22.7mol/dm3)の全量を第3蒸留塔(3)に投入して蒸留温度110℃で真空蒸留を行った。この蒸留操作により第3蒸留塔(3)の頂部から塩酸濃度が1.86mol/dm3、フッ酸濃度が17.5mol/dm3である留出混酸液(第3留出液)を255質量部回収した。即ち、フッ酸系回収混酸を255質量部得た。
<比較例1>
第2蒸留工程において(第1留出液に)硝酸リチウムを添加しないものとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして第1、第2及び第3蒸留工程を実施した。
なお、上記実施例と比較例において、塩酸濃度及びフッ酸濃度は、イオンクロマトグラフ(日本ダイオネクス社製「ICP−1000」)を用いて測定した。
実施例1で用いた混酸廃水について金属イオンの定性・定量分析をICP発光分析装置(島津製作所製「ICPS−7510」)を用いて行ったところ、Alイオンが3.702g/dm3、Siイオンが40.76g/dm3、Caイオンが1.184g/dm3、Feイオンが0.12g/dm3検出された。
一方、実施例1で得られた塩酸系回収混酸とフッ酸系回収混酸について金属イオンの定性・定量分析をICP発光分析装置(島津製作所製「ICPS−7510」)を用いて行ったところ、いずれの回収混酸も金属イオンは検出されなかった。
Figure 0005497348
Figure 0005497348
表1、2から明らかなように、この発明の回収方法を適用した実施例1では、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液から、塩酸系混酸(塩酸組成比の顕著に増大した回収混酸)とフッ酸系混酸(フッ酸組成比の増大した回収混酸)をそれぞれ回収することができた。なお、これら回収された塩酸系混酸とフッ酸系混酸は、いずれも、金属イオンを含有しないものであった。
これに対し、第2蒸留工程において特定の金属塩を添加することなく蒸留操作を行った比較例1では、第2留出液において塩酸組成比は増大したものの、実施例1と比較するとそれほど顕著なものではなかった。
この発明の回収方法は、例えば液晶製造工程や半導体製造工程等から排出される、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液に対して適用され、その結果、塩酸組成比が増大した混酸液(塩酸系回収酸)及びフッ酸組成比が増大した混酸液(フッ酸系回収酸)をそれぞれ分離回収できる。
1…第1蒸留塔
2…第2蒸留塔
3…第3蒸留塔

Claims (5)

  1. 塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸廃液を蒸留することによって、塩酸及びフッ酸を含む混酸液を留出率20〜89質量%で留出させて第1留出液を得る第1蒸留工程と、
    前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめて蒸留を行うことによって、塩酸組成比の増大した混酸液を留出させて第2留出液を得る第2蒸留工程と、
    前記第1蒸留工程で得られた蒸留残液を蒸留することによって、フッ酸組成比の増大した混酸液を留出させて第3留出液を得る第3蒸留工程と、を含むことを特徴とする塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法。
  2. 前記第1留出液に硝酸リチウムを溶解せしめてなる液における硝酸リチウムの含有割合が0.5〜15質量%である請求項1に記載の塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法。
  3. 前記第2蒸留工程における蒸留温度を95〜115℃の範囲に設定する請求項1または2に記載の塩酸−フッ酸系混酸廃液から塩酸とフッ酸をそれぞれ回収する方法。
  4. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の回収方法により得られた第2留出液を含有してなる塩酸系回収酸。
  5. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の回収方法により得られた第3留出液を含有してなるフッ酸系回収酸。
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