CN102280709A - 宽频带赋形天线外罩及微波天线 - Google Patents

宽频带赋形天线外罩及微波天线 Download PDF

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CN102280709A
CN102280709A CN2011101411290A CN201110141129A CN102280709A CN 102280709 A CN102280709 A CN 102280709A CN 2011101411290 A CN2011101411290 A CN 2011101411290A CN 201110141129 A CN201110141129 A CN 201110141129A CN 102280709 A CN102280709 A CN 102280709A
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wide
cover body
antenna
band shaped
shaped antenna
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吴知航
姜汝丹
潘军
唐荣
符道临
王勇
刘素芹
谢庆南
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Comba Network Systems Co Ltd
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Comba Telecom Systems China Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/075859 priority patent/WO2012163237A1/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/422Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface

Abstract

本发明公开一种宽频带赋形天线外罩,包括互相组装在一起的至少两层环形罩体,所述由至少两层罩体组成的宽频带赋形天线外罩上形成了位于所述多层罩体中心部位的主反射区及位于所述多层罩体边缘部位的辅反射区。本发明同时公开了一种采用上述宽频带赋形天线外罩的微波天线。本发明提供的天线外罩在微波天线中不仅具有较好的电气性能和机械性能,还具有40%以上的相对频带宽度,可同时适合多款产品,且重量较轻,成本亦较低。

Description

宽频带赋形天线外罩及微波天线
【技术领域】
本发明涉及通信天线领域,尤其涉及一种宽频带赋形天线外罩及包含该宽频带赋形天线外罩的微波天线。
【背景技术】
在点对点或者单点对多点的微波通信网络中,微波天线是必不可少的接收和发射电磁波信号的装置。随着微波通信需求的增长,通信网络变得越来越密集,微波通信系统之间产生互相干扰的潜在风险也越来越大。
为避免或减弱微波通信系统之间的互相干扰,各行政当局和网络运营商制定了严格的标准以限定微波天线的辐射方向图包络,再根据不同的通信网络要求来选择满足不同标准等级的微波天线。
天线外罩是微波天线系统的重要组成部件,主要起两个作用:第一,保护天线免受灰尘、雨雪、冰冻等自然环境的影响;第二,减小微波天线系统的风力负荷,进而减轻天线安装系统的机械性能要求。
因此,天线外罩的工程设计目标通常包括以下几点:
在电气性能上,天线外罩不能导致天线的增益、回波损耗、辐射方向图包络以及前后比等性能指标恶化,天线外罩的最佳的设计目标是能改善天线的电气性能;
在机械性能上,天线外罩需具有结构强度好、体积小、风荷小等优点;
在成本方面,天线外罩本身的成本以及安装到天线上的成本要低。
如果天线外罩的设计无法满足上述工程设计目标,则会对天线的电气性能产生以下不良影响:
损失了天线增益,这主要由天线外罩引入的插入损耗导致的,因此要求设计天线外罩时不仅要选择低损耗的介质材料,还要合理设计天线外罩的厚度,从而使天线外罩具有良好的波束透过性能;
增加了天线的回波损耗,即恶化了天线的输入电压驻波比,这主要是由天线外罩结构本身导致的反射电磁波重新回到馈源所致;
影响了天线的辐射方向图包络性能,尤其恶化了天线的前后比性能,这是由于天线外罩扰乱了天线反射面边缘的绕射场分布所致,情况严重时,天线外罩甚至会对绕射场产生后向“引导”作用,从而引起了天线的后向辐射。
现有微波天线的天线外罩大多采用单层结构,并且主要包括三种结构形式:平板形、外凸形以及内凹形。同时,现有天线外罩的制造材料一般选用质地均匀、介电常数稳定和损耗低的介质材料。然而,上述现有单层结构的天线外罩无法完全满足上述电气性能设计目标,比如其机械性能差和成本较高。下面分别描述这三种现有单层结构的天线外罩的缺点。
平板形单层结构的天线外罩通常采用厚度约为半个介质材料波长的介质材料,从而使天线外罩获得较好的透波性能,进而减小天线外罩对增益和输入电压驻波比的影响。然而,这种平板形单层结构的天线外罩存在以下不足:
首先,频带宽度受限,因而无法应用于宽频带微波天线系统;
其次,由于现有平板形单层结构的天线外罩的边缘部分通常未经特殊赋形处理,因此对天线的辐射方向图包络,尤其是前后比有较大不良影响;
最后,平板形单层结构的天线外罩本身的机械强度较差。
现有技术中的内凹形或者外凸形单层结构的天线外罩虽然可以通过一定的锥角设计来获得较宽的频带特性,但是这些结构往往未考虑到对辐射方向图包络尤其是前后比性能的影响;另外,内凹形单层结构的天线外罩的机械强度和风荷性能不佳。而且,虽然通过锥角的设计获得了较宽的频带特性,但是通常其相对频带宽度一般在15%左右,这种相对频带宽度仍然无法满足带宽要求较高比如要求带宽为6~40GHz的微波天线的使用需求。
此外,对于工作频段为较低频段的微波天线尤其是6~10GHz的微波天线而言,传统的单层结构的天线外罩,无论采用平板形,外凸形,还是内凹形,由于需要按照半个介质波长进行结构设计,所以导致天线外罩的厚度较大,其重量因而也比较大,尤其是中、大口径的天线外罩,甚至超过整个反射面组件的重量,造成整个天线系统载荷较大,同时其制造成本和整体运输成本也随之增加。相应地,安装了这种天线外罩的微波天线也承受类似的缺点与不足。
因此有必要提供一种改进的天线外罩,尤其是宽频带赋形天线外罩及微波天线,以便克服现有技术中的缺点与不足。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于克服上述天线外罩方案之不足,提供一种微波天线及其外罩,使外罩在微波天线中不仅具有较好的电气性能和机械性能,还具有40%以上的相对频带宽度,可同时适合多款产品,且重量较轻,成本亦较低。
为实现该目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种宽频带赋形天线外罩,至少包括互相组装在一起的两层罩体,由至少两层罩体组成的宽频带赋形天线外罩上形成了位于所述多层罩体中心部位的主反射区及位于所述多层罩体边缘部位的辅反射区;所述顶部罩体的底边上形成用于加强整个宽频带赋形天线外罩机械强度的支撑结构。
一种微波天线,包括宽频带赋形天线外罩、与所述宽频带赋形天线外罩安装在一起的天线反射面及设置在天线反射面内的底部中心的馈源;其中,所述宽频带赋形天线外罩包括互相组装在一起的至少两层罩体,所述由至少两层罩体组成的宽频带赋形天线外罩上形成了位于所述多层罩体中心部位的主反射区及位于所述多层罩体边缘部位的辅反射区;所述顶部罩体的底边上形成用于加强整个宽频带赋形天线外罩机械强度的支撑结构。
与现有技术相比,在本发明中,由于采用了具有至少两层结构的天线外罩,并且对天线外罩的边缘进行了赋形处理,因此带来了如下优点:
在电气性能上,具有40%以上的相对频带宽度,同时能显著提高微波天线的辐射方向图包络,尤其是前后比性能;且对其它电气性能如输入电压驻波比、交叉极化鉴别率等影响较小;
在机械性能上,天线外罩结构内部的支撑筋或者支撑柱加强了天线外罩自身的机械强度,同时,天线外罩体积小、重量轻、外形美观;
在成本方面,天线外罩通过模具注塑一次成型,从而加工成本低,而且对于低频段的微波天线而言,重量的减轻降少了材料的用量;天线外罩可以适用于多款产品,明显减少了全系列产品模具的数量,且附加的生产成本、管理成本及运输成本较低。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明一个实施例的宽频带赋形天线外罩的立体分解图,展示了构成天线外罩的顶部罩体、底部罩体及设置在顶部罩体与底部罩体之间的可选支撑材料层;
图2展示了图1所示宽频带赋形天线外罩的顶部罩体的俯视图;
图3展示了图1所示宽频带赋形天线外罩的顶部罩体的仰视图;
图4展示了图1所示宽频带赋形天线外罩的轴向剖视图,同时展示了天线外罩的主反射区及辅反射区;
图5a-5c展示了三种不同结构形式的宽频带赋形天线外罩,同时展示了天线外罩的主反射区对电磁波的反射情况;
图6a-6c展示了图4所示宽频带赋形天线外罩的辅反射区的几种详细结构,同时展示了这些辅反射区对电磁波的反射情况;
图7展示了本发明宽频带赋形天线外罩与现有技术中的天线外罩的典型反射系数曲线对照情况。
图8展示了本发明宽频带赋形天线外罩使用时的典型辐射方向图曲线。
图9a-9e局部地展示了本发明其他实施例中的多层结构的宽频带赋形天线外罩;
图10a-10d展示了本发明其他实施例中的宽频带赋形天线外罩的支撑结构;
图11展示了本发明宽频带赋形天线外罩与吸波材料层及天线反射面之间的组装图;及
图12展示了图11所示构件组装之后形成的微波天线的剖视图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
请参阅图1-4及图9a-9e,根据本发明一个实施例的宽频带赋形天线外罩100至少包括互相组装在一起的顶部罩体11及底部罩体12。
所述顶部罩体11的底边上形成用于加强整个宽频带赋形天线外罩100机械强度的支撑结构,比如图1所示的支撑筋13和/或支撑柱15。
在此需要强调的是:所述顶部罩体11的底部既可以仅仅形成径向分布的支撑筋13(如图10a所示),也可以仅仅形成同心分布的支撑筋13(如图10b所示),也可以仅仅形成比如径向分布的支撑柱15(如图10c所示),又可以形成如图10d所示的径向分布及环形分布的支撑筋13结合支撑柱15成为整体。相应地,底部形成支撑筋13的双层结构的宽频带赋形天线外罩100的局部结构展示于图9a;底部形成支撑柱15的双层结构的宽频带赋形天线外罩100的局部结构展示于图9b;而图9c所示的结构则是在所述顶部罩体11与所述底部罩体12之间夹着支撑材料层20。这些支撑结构都落入本发明的保护范围之内。
同时,本发明提供的宽频带赋形天线外罩100也并不限制于上述实施例中描述的双层结构,而是可以采用更多层的结构。比如图9d和图9e所展示的多层结构的宽频带赋形天线外罩100。具体地,在图9d中,顶部罩体11与所述底部罩体12之间设置有中间层122,并且相邻两层之间设置有上述支撑筋13。类似地,在图9e所示的结构中,顶部罩体11与所述底部罩体12之间设置有中间层122,并且底部罩体12与中间层122之间设置有上述支撑筋13,同时,顶部罩体11与中间层122之间设置有支撑材料层20。
所述底部罩体12通过比如图1所示的螺钉19而固定在所述顶部罩体11上。具体地,所述顶部罩体11的环形边缘弯曲形成裙边18,而所述底部罩体12上的相应部位则开设安装孔(图未示),将底部罩体12放置在所述顶部罩体11的裙边18内,然后借助上述螺钉19穿过安装孔并锁固在顶部罩体11上,从而将两层罩体11、12互相固定。
所述由至少两层罩体11、12组成的宽频带赋形天线外罩100上形成了位于所述两层罩体11、12中心部位的主反射区21及位于所述两层罩体11、12边缘部位的辅反射区22。
其中,所述主反射区21的结构可以为图5a所示的内凹形结构,可以为图5b所示的外凸形结构,也可以为图5c所示的平板形结构。其中,前两种结构都经过了特殊赋形处理,因此当将其应用于微波天线时,能够实现改善天线电气性能的设计目标;而第三种结构为简化的设计方案,当应用于某类微波天线时,不恶化整体的电气性能。下面详细描述这三种结构的主反射区21。
如图5a所示,天线宽频带赋形天线外罩100的主反射部分21为内凹的环锥面,其锥角α经特殊设计,可以使从天线反射面正向辐射的电磁波31在环锥面反射的电磁波32固定地反射到180-2α的角度方向上。一方面,使反射的电磁波32通过天线反射面2经过两次反射后不会再反射到天线反射面2内部的馈源3内,从而减小了电磁波对天线整体性能的影响,尤其是对较宽频带内的输入电压驻波比性能的影响;另一方面,可以将反射电磁波33反射的特定方向选择性地对应于天线整体辐射方向图中非辐射方向图的主瓣区域内的位置(辐射方向图中属于主瓣之外的区域),以对应于辐射方向图中的零点角度位置或远旁瓣角度位置尤佳,从而降低天线宽频带赋形天线外罩100对天线本身的辐射方向图,尤其是主瓣区域的影响。
如图5b所示,天线宽频带赋形天线外罩100的主反射部分21为外凸的环锥面,其锥角α经特殊设计,可以使天线反射面2正向辐射的电磁波31在环锥面反射的电磁波32固定反射到2α-180角度方向上:一方面,使反射的电磁波32集中反射到馈源3的底座区域,通过特殊设计而抵消,从而减小对天线整体性能影响,尤其是对较宽频带内的输入电压驻波比性能的影响;另一方面,也可以将这个反射的电磁波32反射到的特定方向选择性地对应于天线整体辐射方向图中不在辐射方向图的主瓣区域内的位置(辐射方向图中属于主瓣之外的区域),以对应于辐射方向图中的零点角度位置或远旁瓣角度位置尤佳,从而,降低天线外罩对天线本身的辐射方向图,尤其是主瓣区域的影响。
如图5c所示,天线宽频带赋形天线外罩100的主反射部分21为平面,对于某类微波天线,其天线反射面2的“焦点”或者“焦环”位于馈源3的上部,天线反射面2正向辐射的电磁波31在天线外罩面反射的电磁波32通过天线反射面2二次反射的电磁波33不会回到馈源3内,而集中到“焦点”或者“焦环”处,可以通过在馈源3上部选加吸波材料6将其吸收,从而减小对天线整体性能影响,尤其是对较宽频带内的输入电压驻波比性能的影响。
图6a-6c展示了辅反射区22的几种实例,其中图6a展示了折状拱形的辅反射区22,图6b展示了弧状拱形的辅反射区22,而图6c展示了盖状拱形的辅反射区22。这几种结构的辅反射区22均有聚束反射的特性:天线反射面2的边缘绕射的电磁波34在拱形部位上反射,而这个拱形部位将反射的电磁波35相对集中聚集到宽频带赋形天线外罩100内的某个区域。
下面通过附图7-8详细说明本发明提供的宽频带赋形天线外罩100的技术效果。图7展示了宽频带赋形天线外罩100与现有技术中的天线外罩的典型反射系数曲线的比较情况。在图中,实线106为本发明提供的宽频带赋形天线外罩100的典型反射系数曲线,点线104为现有技术中的平板形天线外罩的典型反射系数曲线,而虚线102为现有技术中的内凹形天线外罩的典型反射系数曲线。以反射系数-20dB为指标,可以看到,本发明的宽频带赋形天线外罩100的频带宽度比传统平板形和内凹形天线外罩的频带宽度宽很多,其相对工作频带宽度可以达到40%以上。如图8所示,本发明的宽频带赋形天线外罩100显著地提高了辐射前后比性能约10dB。
优选地,参考图1及图9c,所述顶部罩体11及底部罩体12之间设置有支撑材料层20。所述支撑材料层20为低损耗低介电常数的可选部件,需要与顶部罩体11及底部罩体12的外部形状相符,同时需要全部或者部分夹在顶部罩体11和底部罩体12之间,从而保证顶部罩体11和底部罩体12之间具有厚度均匀的空气层,并进一步加强了宽频带赋形天线外罩100的机械强度。
进一步优选地,参考图2-4,所述顶部罩体11的环形边缘上设置有螺柱17,用于实现与图11-12所示的天线反射面2之间的组装(详后述)。所述底部罩体12的环形边缘朝下弯折形成翻边14及限位柱16,用于将图11-12所示的可选的吸波材料层4固定上去。具体地,吸波材料层4安装在顶部罩体11的裙边18的内侧。吸波材料层4的形状为圆环状,安装位置可与辅反射区22的内表面形状协同设计,保证尽可能地将吸波材料层4置于宽频带赋形天线外罩100的裙边18和辅反射区22所共同定义的范围的反射电磁波相对聚集的区域,从而有效吸收电磁波,减少向天线后向绕射的电磁波,进而提高微波天线的前后比性能。
吸波材料层4是可选部件,其在微波天线装配后,被夹持在宽频带赋形天线外罩100的裙边18、辅反射区22与底部罩体12的翻边14之间,用于吸收被宽频带赋形天线外罩100的辅反射区22的内表面反射回来的电磁波以及部分绕射的电磁波;吸波材料可选用泡沫型、海绵型、橡胶型等材质形式。
需要注意的是:本发明提供的宽频带赋形天线外罩100可以采用模具注塑工艺一次加工成型,包括螺柱17、限位柱16、支撑筋13及支撑柱15等结构,由此制备的宽频带赋形天线外罩100的一致性较好,加工成本低。
本发明提供的宽频带赋形天线外罩100具有诸多优点,比如,在机械性能方面,本发明与传统的天线外罩相比,支撑筋13或者支撑柱15对整体宽频带赋形天线外罩100具有机械强度加强作用,因此天线外罩整体的结构强度好;同时天线外罩还具有体积小、重量轻、外形美观等特点,尤其是对于低频段的微波天线而言,采用的介质板厚度远小于半波长且间隔为空气或者密度与空气接近的支撑材料,比传统天线外罩方案重量减轻明显,且明显降低了天线外罩附加的整体天线系统的载荷。
在成本方面,本发明的宽频带赋形天线外罩100通过模具注塑一次成型从而加工成本低,而且对于低频段的微波天线而言,重量的减轻降少了材料的用量;此外,天线外罩可以适用于多款产品,明显减少了全系列产品模具的数量,且附加的生产成本、管理成本及运输成本较低。
因此,本发明的微波天线外罩无论在电气性能还是机械性能上均取得优于传统技术的效果,并且在系列化产品的成本上还有很大的优势,由其装配而得的微波天线自然优于其它传统同类天线。
图11-12展示了采用了前述宽频带赋形天线外罩100的微波天线200的结构。微波天线200包括宽频带赋形天线外罩100、与所述宽频带赋形天线外罩100安装在一起的天线反射面2及设置在天线反射面2内的底部中心的馈源3。
优选地,作为可选部件的吸波材料层4可根据需要进行装配,需要安装时,先将吸波材料层4固定在宽频带赋形天线外罩100的若干限位柱16上。宽频带赋形天线外罩100与天线反射面2的整体装配是采用数个螺钉5将天线反射面2的翻边与宽频带赋形天线外罩100的螺柱17相联接,同时通过限位柱16对两者进行定位,从而保证宽频带赋形天线外罩100与天线反射面2完全配合以形成紧凑结构。

Claims (14)

1.一种宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于包括互相组装在一起的至少两层环形罩体,所述由至少两层罩体组成的宽频带赋形天线外罩上形成了位于所述多层罩体中心部位的主反射区及位于所述多层罩体边缘部位的辅反射区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述顶部罩体的底边上形成用于加强整个宽频带赋形天线外罩机械强度的支撑结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述支撑结构为同心分布或径向分布的支撑筋。
4.根据权利要求2所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述支撑结构为径向分布的支撑柱。
5.根据权利要求2所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述顶部罩体与所述底部罩体之间夹着支撑材料层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述顶部罩体的环形边缘弯曲形成裙边,而所述底部罩体上的相应部位则开设安装孔,所述底部罩体放置在所述顶部罩体的裙边内,借助螺钉穿过安装孔并锁固在顶部罩体上,从而将两层罩体互相固定。
7.根据权利要求1所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述主反射区为内凹形环锥面结构、外凸形环锥面结构或平板形结构。
8.根据权利要求1所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述辅反射区为折状拱形辅反射区、弧状拱形辅反射区或盖状拱形的辅反射区。
9.根据权利要求6所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述顶部罩体的环形边缘上设置有螺柱;所述底部罩体的环形边缘朝下弯折形成翻边及限位柱。
10.根据权利要求9所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述顶部罩体的裙边的内侧安装有吸波材料层。
11.根据权利要求10所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述吸波材料层为圆环状。
12.根据权利要求10所述的宽频带赋形天线外罩,其特征在于:所述吸波材料层为泡沫型、海绵型或橡胶型的吸波材料层。
13.一种微波天线,其特征在于包括宽频带赋形天线外罩、与所述宽频带赋形天线外罩安装在一起的天线反射面及设置在天线反射面内的底部中心的馈源;其中,所述宽频带赋形天线外罩包括互相组装在一起的至少两层罩体,所述由至少两层罩体组成的宽频带赋形天线外罩上形成了位于所述多层罩体中心部位的主反射区及位于所述多层罩体边缘部位的辅反射区。
14.根据权利要求13所述的微波天线,其特征在于:所述顶部罩体的底边上形成用于加强整个宽频带赋形天线外罩机械强度的支撑结构。
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