JPS61163704A - 誘電体線路 - Google Patents

誘電体線路

Info

Publication number
JPS61163704A
JPS61163704A JP60003981A JP398185A JPS61163704A JP S61163704 A JPS61163704 A JP S61163704A JP 60003981 A JP60003981 A JP 60003981A JP 398185 A JP398185 A JP 398185A JP S61163704 A JPS61163704 A JP S61163704A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
dielectric line
dielectric
face
electromagnetic wave
moldings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP60003981A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yosuke Suzuki
洋介 鈴木
Hiromi Yasumoto
博美 安本
Motoro Imaizumi
今泉 元郎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Junkosha Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Junkosha Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Junkosha Co Ltd filed Critical Junkosha Co Ltd
Priority to JP60003981A priority Critical patent/JPS61163704A/ja
Priority to GB8601998A priority patent/GB2185861B/en
Priority to DE19863604355 priority patent/DE3604355A1/de
Publication of JPS61163704A publication Critical patent/JPS61163704A/ja
Priority to US07/129,241 priority patent/US4825221A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/15Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a line source, e.g. leaky waveguide antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/16Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/24Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、ミリ波、サブミリ波等の電磁波エネル、ギー
の伝送に用いられる誘電体線路に関し、特許その一端部
から空間に電磁波を放射する場合に、電磁界の限定条件
を少なくとも金属により設定することなしに、前記一端
部から直接に電磁波を放出しうるようにするための手段
を備えた誘電体線路に関する。
〔従来の技術〕
通常、マイクロ波の導波路として金属導波管が用いられ
、その端部から電磁波を放射する場合には、ホーン状に
開口した金属性のアンテナを前記端部に取付けて行なっ
ている。この場合、平面波を放射させるためには、上記
金属性アンテナを一次放射アンテナとして、電磁波の進
行方向に誘電体レンズを用いたレンズアンテナ方式、金
属の反射鏡を用いたレフレクタアンテナ方式、2個の反
射鏡を用いたカセグレンアンテナ方式等を用いている。
近年のミリ波用半導体の発展に伴い、ミリ波による無線
通信およびレーダーシステム等の実用化が急速に行なわ
れるようになり、この場合の装置内および装置間導波路
として誘電体線路が使用されるようになってきた。この
誘電体線路は、第15図に全体として数字1で示すよう
に、比較的誘電率の高いプラスチック材料で形成された
中心のコア2と、このコア2を同軸的に取囲む比較的誘
電率の低いプラスチック材料で形成されたクラッド3と
よりなり、電磁波エネルギーが主としてコア2内を伝播
するようになされている。なお、4はクラッド3の外周
に被着された保護層である。
以上のような構成を有する誘電体線路は、金属導波管に
比較して挿入損失が小さく、また寸法が小さいため加工
および他の部品との接続が容易であり、さらに可撓性に
富む等の数々の特長を有する。したがって、この誘電体
線路は、今後ますます使用される趨勢にある。
ところで、上述のような誘電体線路の端部から電磁波を
放射させる場合には、ランチャ−と呼ばれる接続器を介
して金属導波管および金属性ホーンを誘電体線路に接続
していた。その理由は下記のとおりである。
(1)金属導波管と金属ホーンを用いた従来から完成さ
れている電磁波放射技術を用いることができる。
(2)電磁波放射時の位相中心がすねにくい。
(3)誘電体線路の端部を固定する場合、金属導波管の
位置で固定すればよいから、強固に固定できるのみでな
く、金属導波管の外部には電磁波は存在しないから、金
属導波管の外部を金具で固定しても管内の電磁波を乱す
ことがない等である。
〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
しかしながら、誘電体線路に金属導波管を接続すると、
その接続部分での伝送定数の整合が困難で、挿入損失の
増加、反射減衰量の悪化、位相面のずれ等が生じる原因
となっていた。
また、誘電体線路がよじれヤ偏波面が変化すると、さら
に金属導波管との整合状態が悪イヒし、その上周波数帯
域が狭くなるという欠点があった。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
そこで本発明者等は、誘電体線路の端部から電磁波を放
射させる場合の手段について種々検討した結果、本発明
を提案するに至ったもので、その特徴とするところは、
従来のように金属導波管を接続することなく、誘電体線
路の一端部から放射される電磁波を所定の波面形状をも
って取り出しうるようにするための手段を誘電体線路の
一端部に関連せしめて設けたことにある。
〔実施例〕
以下図面を参照して本発明の実施例について詳細に説明
するが、その説明の前に、実施例で用いられる誘電体線
路について触れておく。この誘電体線路については、本
願の発明者の1人によって特願昭52−14118号(
特公昭56−24241号)として提案されており、電
磁波エネルギー伝送部分が、未焼成または不完全焼成の
四弗化エチレン樹脂成形物で形成された誘電体線路であ
る。
この誘電体線路は、高エネルギー密度の電磁波をほとん
ど伝送損失を伴うことなしに伝送できるばかりでなく、
加工が容易であり、かつ成形に際して誘電率の調整が容
易であり、可撓性に富む等の数々のすぐれた特長を備え
た誘電体線路である。
第1図は本発明の第1の実施例を示し、誘電体線路1の
一端部の端面に凸面5を形成したものである。この凸面
5は、誘電体線路の一端部の端面から放射される電磁波
に対して凸レンズとして作用し、これにより誘電体線路
1の端面から電磁波が平面波として放射されるようにな
されている、。
第2図は本発明の第2の実施例を示し、誘電体線路1の
一端部の端面に凹面6を形成した場合である。
第3図は本発明の第3の実施例を示し、誘電体線路1の
一端部を鉛筆の先端のような円錐状尖端部7とし、これ
により平面波を得る場合である。
第4図は本発明の第4の実施例を示し、誘電体線路1の
一端部近傍のクラッド3を除去してコア2を露出させ、
さらにこの露出されたコア2の先端をとがらせて尖端部
8を形成した構成とし、これにより平面波を得る場合で
ある。
第5図は本発明のW、5の実施例を示し、本実施例にお
いては、誘電体線路lの端面】0が長手方向に対し直角
に切断されているが、誘電体の誘電率が誘電体線路lの
軸線に沿って端面】Oに向う方向に徐々に減少するよう
に加工されている。例えば第5図において、コア2の軸
線に沿う単位部分の誘電率をε1、ε2、ε3、ε4と
すれば(実際には連続的になる)、ε1〉ε2〉ε5〉
ε4という関係になる。またコア2のみでなく、クラッ
ド3に関しても同様の誘電率変化をもたせてもよく、例
えば第5図においては、61′〉ε2′〉ε3′〉64
′トいう関係にある。特にコア2の誘電率を第5図のよ
うに変化させると、特性インピーダンスの空間との整合
がよくなる。このようにコア2の誘電率を変化させる構
成は、第3図および第4図と類似の構成とそれぞれ組合
せられた第6図および第7図の誘電体線路1によってさ
らに効果的となる。
ところで、前述のように、本発明の各実施例における誘
電体線路1を構成する誘電体として、未焼成または不完
全焼成の四弗化エチレン樹脂成形物を用いているが、こ
の成形物は結晶性高分子材料であり、その内部構造は、
多数の微小結節が多数の微細繊維によって互いに三次元
的に連結され、これら微小結節と微細繊維の間に多数の
入り組んだ空隙が形成され、全体として連続気孔性の多
孔性微細構造を有するものである。
このような多孔性微細構造を有する誘電体は、例えば特
公昭51−18991号公報に記載された方法に従って
四弗化エチレン樹脂(PTFE)成形物を未焼成状態に
おいて少なくとも一軸方向に数倍から100倍程変寸で
延伸することによって得られ、この延伸倍率の変化によ
ってPTFE成形物の比重、気孔率、誘電率等をきわめ
て広範囲に変化させることができる。したがって電磁波
エネルギーの伝播状態を所望の通りに調節した伝送線路
用誘電体が容易に得られることとなる。次にこの延伸物
をPTFEの融点(327℃)以上の温度、好ましくは
340〜380℃特に360〜375℃の温度において
約1〜15分焼成熱固定するか、あるいは融点以下25
0℃以上程度の低温度で固定を行なってもよい。この延
伸物の焼成または熱固定の程度を適宜変化させることに
よっても多孔質PTFEの誘電率を調節することができ
、このことは、延伸率を変化させる工程と共に本実施例
における誘電体線路1の特性および性能を調節するため
に用いられる重要な工程である。
また本実施例のように、誘電体線路】の誘電率を軸線方
向に変化させることの外、コア2の誘電率をラジアル方
向に変化させることにより、第1図に示した第1の実施
例のようなレンズ効果を得ることもできる。
以上述べた実施例はすべて誘電体線路lの特性インピー
ダンスを空間の特性インピーダンスに徐々に近づけるた
めに、その一端部に加工を施した場合であるが、第8図
に示す本発明の第6の実施例においては、誘電体線路1
の一端部の端面10は例えば長手方向に対し直角に切断
した状態とし、その端面から所定の距離だけ離れた位置
に誘電体レンズ11を、この誘電体レンズ1】の焦点が
端面10上に存在するように設けた場合である。この誘
電体レンズ11についても、前述したような未焼成の連
続気孔性多孔質四弗化エチレン樹脂成形物よりなる実例
が、特公昭59−23483号公報に詳細に記載されて
いる。この誘電体レンズ11の存在により、誘電体線路
1の端面lOから放射される電磁波が平面波に変換され
る。
次に第9図に示す本発明の第7の実施例にシいては、第
8図の誘電体レンズの代りにレフレクタアンテナfll
tばノクラゲラアンテナ12を用い、このアンテナ12
の焦点位置に誘電体線路lの端面10が存在するように
配置した場合である。なお、第9図では軸対称型パラゲ
ラアンテナ12を用いているが、第10図のようにオフ
セット型パラゲラアンテナ12′を用いてもよい。
また例えば、第3図に示したような、一端部を円錐状に
形成した誘電体線路】を、第11図および第12図に示
すように、カセグレンアンテナの一次放射器として用い
てもよい。@11図はニヤフィールド・カセグレンアン
テナの場合であり、第12図はファーフィールド0・カ
セグレンアンテナの場合である。さらに、第16図およ
び814図は、−次放射器からの給電軸をアンテナビー
ム軸からオフセットさせた構成を示す。
以上の説明によって、本発明による誘電体線路の構成お
よび動作が明らかとなったが、本発明はステップ・イン
デックス型、グレーデッド・インデックス型何れの場合
にも適用でき、また誘電体線路の断面形状も円形のみで
なく、楕円形または矩形とすることができる。しかして
偏波面を回転したり、変えたりする場合には円形の断面
形状が適しており、垂直または水平偏波面を形成するに
は矩形の断面形状が適している。
さらに、誘電体線路に金属による境界条件設定部あるい
はシールド部を設けてもよく、また導電性樹脂による吸
収層を設けてもよい。
なお、本発明において、誘電体線路の一端部から放射さ
れる電磁波が平面波であることを必要としない場合には
、例えば長手方向に対し単に直角に切断した端面を備え
た誘電体線路によってその目的を達成することができる
〔発明の効果〕
本発明によれば下記のような数々の効果を奏することが
できる。すなわち、 (1)  金属導波管との結合部がないので、従来その
(2)誘電体線路の端面の形状を適性くするだけでその
端面から平面波を放射できる、また目的に応じ、放射角
度を自由に制御できる。
(3)  レフレクタアンテナのように導波路がレフレ
クタの前面に存在する場合、金属導波管は電磁波を反射
させる欠点があるが、本発明の誘電体線路を用いた場合
、特にそのジャケットや金属シールド層を除去してコア
とクラッドのみとし1時にはコアのミドすることにより
、レフレクタアンテナから放射された電磁波がこの誘電
体線路をほとんど通り抜けるから、スプリアスの発生が
少ない。
(4)誘電体°線路内で偏波面が保存されなくても電磁
波を放射することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図〜第14図は本発明による誘電体線路の実施例を
示す説明図、第15図は誘電体線路の斜視図である。 図面にシいて、】は誘電体線路、2はコア、3はクラッ
ド、4は保護層、5は凸面、6は凹面、7.8は尖端部
、10は端面、11は誘電体レンズ、】2はパラゲラア
ンテナをそれぞれ示す。

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 1、電磁波を伝送しうるようになされた誘電体線路にお
    いて、一端部から前記電磁波を空間に放射しうるように
    なされており、かつこの放射される電磁波を所定の波面
    形状をもって放出しうるようにするための手段を前記一
    端部に関連せしめて設けたことを特徴とする誘電体線路
    。 2、前記手段が前記一端部の端面に形成された凸面より
    なる特許請求の範囲第1項記載の誘電体線路。 3、前記手段が前記一端部の端面に形成された凹面より
    なる特許請求の範囲第1項記載の誘電体線路。 4、前記手段が前記一端部の端面に形成された尖端部よ
    りなる特許請求の範囲第1項記載の誘電体線路。 5、前記手段が前記一端部の端面に対向して配置された
    誘電体レンズよりなる特許請求の範囲第1項記載の誘電
    体線路。 6、前記手段が前記一端部の端面に対向して配置された
    反射鏡よりなる特許請求の範囲第1項記載の誘電体線路
    。 7、前記手段が、前記一端部に向う軸線方向に誘電率が
    減少するようになされた電磁波エネルギー伝送部分を有
    する誘電体線路を含む特許請求の範囲第1項から第6項
    のうちのいずれかに記載された誘電体線路。 8、前記誘電体線路の電磁波エネルギー伝送部分が未焼
    成または不完全焼成の四弗化エチレン樹脂成形物により
    形成されている特許請求の範囲第1項から第7項のうち
    のいずれかに記載された誘電体線路。
JP60003981A 1985-01-16 1985-01-16 誘電体線路 Pending JPS61163704A (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60003981A JPS61163704A (ja) 1985-01-16 1985-01-16 誘電体線路
GB8601998A GB2185861B (en) 1985-01-16 1986-01-28 Dielectric waveguide
DE19863604355 DE3604355A1 (de) 1985-01-16 1986-02-12 Dielektrischer wellenleiter
US07/129,241 US4825221A (en) 1985-01-16 1987-12-07 Directly emitting dielectric transmission line

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60003981A JPS61163704A (ja) 1985-01-16 1985-01-16 誘電体線路

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61163704A true JPS61163704A (ja) 1986-07-24

Family

ID=11572212

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60003981A Pending JPS61163704A (ja) 1985-01-16 1985-01-16 誘電体線路

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4825221A (ja)
JP (1) JPS61163704A (ja)
DE (1) DE3604355A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB2185861B (ja)

Cited By (11)

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JPS6469106A (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-03-15 Gore & Ass Dielectric waveguide with higher degree mode suppressing layer
JPH0289402A (ja) * 1987-09-29 1990-03-29 W L Gore & Assoc Inc 高次モード抑止フィルターを有する誘電性導波体
JPH02100318U (ja) * 1989-01-25 1990-08-09
JP2001168635A (ja) * 1999-09-29 2001-06-22 Tokimec Inc 誘電体ロッドアンテナ
JP2002171119A (ja) * 2000-11-29 2002-06-14 Kyocera Corp 平面アンテナ基板
JP2005204023A (ja) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-28 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> 高周波電磁波アンテナ
WO2012008525A1 (ja) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 国立大学法人東北大学 プラズマ処理装置及びプラズマ処理方法
WO2012008521A1 (ja) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 国立大学法人東北大学 プラズマ処理装置及びプラズマ処理方法
WO2012008523A1 (ja) * 2010-07-15 2012-01-19 国立大学法人東北大学 プラズマ処理装置
JP2012022917A (ja) * 2010-07-15 2012-02-02 Tohoku Univ プラズマ処理装置及びプラズマ処理方法
JP2012022916A (ja) * 2010-07-15 2012-02-02 Tohoku Univ プラズマ処理装置及びプラズマ処理方法
JP2012021196A (ja) * 2010-07-15 2012-02-02 Tohoku Univ プラズマ処理装置
US9095039B2 (en) 2010-07-15 2015-07-28 Tohoku University Plasma processing apparatus and plasma processing method

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GB2185861A (en) 1987-07-29
GB8601998D0 (en) 1986-03-05
US4825221A (en) 1989-04-25
DE3604355A1 (de) 1987-08-20
GB2185861B (en) 1989-11-01

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