US3566317A - Extensible surface wave transmission line - Google Patents

Extensible surface wave transmission line Download PDF

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US3566317A
US3566317A US732502A US3566317DA US3566317A US 3566317 A US3566317 A US 3566317A US 732502 A US732502 A US 732502A US 3566317D A US3566317D A US 3566317DA US 3566317 A US3566317 A US 3566317A
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surface wave
line
transmission line
conductor
wave transmission
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Theodore Hafner
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1895—Particular features or applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/10—Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor

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  • This invention relates to an assembly of a surface wave transmission line with a winding mechanism in which a surface wave transmission line, after passing the closed end of a surface wave launcher, is fed unto a winding mechanism to be wound on ⁇ and wound off with a radius as not to produce a definite deformation of the line so that the line will straighten itself out automatically after being unwound and passing the launcher at its open end.
  • the invention consists of a ying body comprising an antenna structure, means for propelling said structure, means for controlling the position of said structure, a ground station and a tethering line connecting said structure to said ground station, said ground station comprising means for transmitting to, and receiving signals from said ying body; and said tethering line being in the form of a surface wave transmissing line of a predetermined frequency range, including a core of sufficient mechanical strength to serve as a tethering line, a conducting layersurrounding said core and a dielectric coating surrounding said foil of a thickness sufficient to maintain surface waves of said frequency range along said line, means on said ground station to transmit said surface waves, and means on said structure to receive said surface waves, said transmitting means including launching means, permitting slidable passage of said surface wave transmission line from its open end to its closed end, and means for selectively winding on ⁇ and off said line when emerging from said launching means at said ground station.
  • FIG. l represents an extensible transmission line attached between a flying antenna structure and a ground station.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flying antenna structure in side elevation.
  • FIG. 3 represents a cross section through an antenna struction.
  • FIG. 4 shows a tethering line in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a modification of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the specific structure of the tethering line in operation.
  • FIG. 7 shows a tethering connection between an airplane and a ⁇ flying antenna structure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a specific flying antenna structure.
  • FIG. 9 shows one of the parts of FIG. 1, especially the balun in greater details.
  • FIG. l0 represents a modilication of FIG. 9.
  • FIGS. 1l and 12 show in front and side elevations respectively, ⁇ a specic Winding mechanism for a surface 3,566,317 Patented Feb. 23, 1971 wave transmission line such as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 10.
  • a surface wave transmission line such as illustrated in greater details in FIG. 4 or 5 is shown at 1, emerging from a motor-operated drum 2 and passing over rollers 3 to a surface wave launcher (or receiver) 4 which is shown in an exploded View.
  • balun 5 or transducer is indicated attached at 1 and it is adjustably connected through a clamp 6 and adjustable brackets 7 to a ground support at 8.
  • the other end of balun 5 is attached by another clamp 9 to horn 10 from which the surface wave conductor emerges at 11 to extend over the desired distance to a iiying antenna structure which in this case may be part of a balloon, helicopter or airplane, schematically indicated at 12.
  • the surface wave conductor 11 enters a receiving horn 13 which, when assembled, forms, together with clamp 14, balun 15 and clamp 16, a surface wave receiving structure which is substantially identical with the launching structure described above.
  • Balloon 12 may have printed thereon a cross-shaped antenna pattern, schematically indicated at 13 and connected by coaxial cable or any other transmission line indicated at 19, to the top balun 15.
  • the bottom balun 5 is connected through a coaxial cable 20 or any other transmission line, to a receiver or a transmitter, or a transmitter-receiver unit, indicated at 21, in
  • the antenna pattern 18 at the top is to serve as a receiver, transmitter antenna or as both, transmitter and receiver antennas respectively.
  • ground station 21 may be controlled by, or may be used to control, other equipment over a ground antenna schematically indicated at 22.
  • FIG. 2 illustrated a specific flying antenna structure in which the surface wave transmission line 11 is terininated at the top, not in a horn type surface wave receiver which has to be connected to a iiying antenna, such as 18 in FIG. Tl, but line 11 is connected directly to a turnstile antenna structure which is attached to line 11 and/or an extension of line 11, and which is schematically shown at 23 (see also the cross-section shown in FIG. 3) which has been so designed that the surface wave field of transmission line 11 is matched with the -wave field of turnstile antenna 23.
  • a iiying antenna such as 18 in FIG. Tl
  • the supporting stem 24 of the turnstile antenna 23 supports on insulating stub 25 the metal screen 26 which also forms the wings of the iiying antenna structure 23, which are movably hinged to each other at 27, thereby insuring a desired directivitjy of turnstile antenna 23.
  • Control of the movements of these wings 26, around their common axis 27, is effected by a motor 28 and by signals derived from the ground station 21 over line 11 which, as indicated above, not only serves as a mechanical tethering line but also as a high frequency transmission line for surface waves which have a considerable bandwidth or channel-carrying capacity.
  • an adjustable horizontal ap is attached at 29 to the wings 26. Flap 29 is controlled by a motor 30 which is also controlled by signals derived from transmission line 11.
  • Flap 29 and wings 26 and their controls may be effectively realized in any desired manner and, if necessary, as in any airplane, be formed as parts only of Wing and flap surface which are made adjustable and thereby controllable, all this without departing from the scope of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a specific surface wave conductor, consisting of a stranded steel rope 31 of sufiicient mechanical strength to support the wind velocity and other stresses encountered in its operation as a tethering line.
  • steel rope 31 is surrounded by a conducting layer 32 which may be either a copper foil, or the like highly flexible conducting layer, or a sodium coating, and as schematically indicated in the drawing, separated if necessary from the steel rope 31 by an adhesive layer 33 which may also be conductive to increase the consistency of conduction, especially at the high frequency under consideration, characteristic of surface wave transmission.
  • a conducting layer 32 which may be either a copper foil, or the like highly flexible conducting layer, or a sodium coating, and as schematically indicated in the drawing, separated if necessary from the steel rope 31 by an adhesive layer 33 which may also be conductive to increase the consistency of conduction, especially at the high frequency under consideration, characteristic of surface wave transmission.
  • Another layer or coating which may be insulating in character as indicated at 34, may serve to insulate the conducting layer or layers 32, 33 from steel rope 31, thereby permitting additional direct or alternating currents to be fed through the cable to provide energy to motors or other equipment on the flying antenna structure, and/or heat the surface wave conductor sufficiently to prevent excessive ice or sleet formation which would impair operation, or at least increase the loss of surface wave propagation.
  • the pure polyethylene, 3S which maintains the surface wave, is protected by a black polyethylene skin 36.
  • an insulating coating 35 of low-loss plastic such as pure polyethylene or Teon to concentrate the surface wave to a radial distance corresponding to that of the surface wave field radius, or the radial dimensions of the launching and receiving structure, which are generally of the order of one wavelength of the operating frequency range.
  • the pure polyethylene sheeting is covered with a thin skin of black polyethylene which assures weather resistivity without substantially increasing propagation losses.
  • Conductive layer or layers 32, 33 may be replaced by a single copper foil embedded or sandwiched in a plastic medium such as polyamid which is highly ilexible, thereby supporting the conducting layer in the various winding operations imposed on the cable. If necessary, the plastic may also be provided on one or both sides of the sandwich with an adhesive to increase the overall stability and especially the flexing strength of the structure.
  • a plastic medium such as polyamid which is highly ilexible
  • each strand is individually copper-coated or -plated in the form of a Teflon (trademark) coated Copperweld (trademark) or Copperply (trademark) wire 37 which, by the number of strands, can be adjusted to the desired high tensile strength and elasticity, say 4000 lbs, breaking strength, without losing its elasticity and flexibility so that it can be continuously wound on and off a relatively small drum which, for example, may have a diameter of l5" for an overall cable diameter of 1A, or generally with a ratio of cable diameter to drum diameter of the order of at least 1:50.
  • FIG. 6 explains the function of a surface wave cable such as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, in which cable 38 under control of a drum 39 operated by motor 40 is arranged to travel in either directions 41, passing a launching or receiving structure as schematically indicated at 42. While conductor 37 is wound on drum 39 it is elastically and not permanently deformed. As it is Wound off drum 39 and as it passes the launching or receiving structure 42, cable 37, under control of its own elasticity, will automatically become straight, thereby transmitting the surface wave with a minimum of loss.
  • a flying antenna structure 43 such as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, is tethered through a surface wave conductor 44 from an airplane schematically indicated at 45.
  • the antenna structure 43 may be propulsed itself by a motor 46 fed through line 44 (see two conductor arrangements 31, 32, FIG. 4) and driving a propeller 47, and also controlled by command signals derived from airplane 45 through the tethering surface Wave conductor 44.
  • motor 46 may be formed as a generator 43 which is driven by propeller 49 under control of the motion asserted by line 50, and the current of generator 48 may be used to energize the ap and wing control motors indicated at 51 and 52 respectively.
  • FIG. 9 shows in side elevation and in cross-section one of the coaxial transducers or baluns shown in the exploded views of FIG. 1.
  • the transducer consists essentially of three portions: a central portion '53, a front portion 54, and a rear portion or filter portion 55, which are all screwed together' to form a solid unit and therefore, if
  • a surface wave conductor consisting of a stranded steel rope 56 surrounded by a thin dielectric layer 57, a copperfoil 58, preferably attached by an adhesive (not shown) to layer 57, and surrounded by the field concentrating dielectric 59 proper, ywhich consists of pure polyethylene schematically indicated at 59 which, if necessary, may be further protected by a thin ⁇ black outer polyethylene layer 60.
  • copperfoil 57 may also be attached by an adhesive to layer 59.
  • Layers 58, 59 may be replaced by a Teflon or equivalent coating to produce minimum loss with maximum weather resistivity and optimum abrasive characteristics.
  • the elastic flexibility of rope 56 combined with layers 57 and 60 may be such as to produce the desired alternative straightening out and curving required in accordance with the invention, during the different winding and unwnding operations.
  • Portion has a Teflon cylindrical sleeve insert which operates as a filter and the entire part S4, of course, can be replaced in accordance with the mechanical requirements of wear and tear, but also depending on the particular operating spectrum required of the surface wave conductor.
  • Center portion 53 is attached to end portion 55 by screws 61 and is further attached by other screws 62 which also connect the outer or filter portion 55 to center portion 54 to which at its other end the horn 63 is connected.
  • the inner conductor of the entire balun structure is connected at one end to 53 by a screw connection 64 and at the other end is spaced from portion 54 by a dielectric window 66 of plexiglass or the like.
  • Portion 54 also supports at 67 the coaxial connection of the balun to the outside and a diametrical position 68 an adjustment probe for correcting the operating frequency range or bandwidth ⁇ within certain limits.
  • FIG. 10 shows balun continuously adjustable for a variable frequency range.
  • the inner conductor ⁇ 68, supporting a surface wave conductor 70 proper is provided with a very fine outer thread.
  • the outer conductor 71 of the balun is provided lwith a fine inner thread.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a launching or receiver unit 75 attached to a reel 76 of otherwise well-known construction, which is arranged rotatable or swiveling around a vertical axis 77.
  • Launching unit 75 itself is attached to drum 78 rotatable about a horizontal axis schematically indicated at 79.
  • launcher unit 75 under control of the drag exerted by the surface wave conductor 80 emerging from launcher unit 75 may assume any position Ibetween the horizontal position shown in FIG. l1 at 75 in full line, and the vertical position 75 shown in dotted line, thus reducing strain on the entire structure as well as its individual parts to a minimum.
  • FIG. 12 shows in somewhat greater detail how the launcher unit 75 is attached to the walls 78 which in turn must be rotatable about drum axis 81 by means of a pair of brackets 83 connecting the outer -walls 78 of drum 76 over the balun 83 to the horn 84 of the launcher unit 75.
  • brackets 82 are mounted rotatably so as to permit the self-adjustment of the position of launcher unit 75 in accordance with the principles set forth above, to be affording electric connection of the surface wave conductor and continuous transmission of the surface wave from launcher to receiver and conversely, during the winding and unwinding operations with a minimum of strain.
  • a surface wave transmission line assembly a surface wave launcher, a surface wave transmission line passing through said launcher, from its open to its closed end; the closed end being formed as a coaxial line having an inner conductor permitting said surface wave transmission line to freely move through said inner conductor; and an outer conductor conductively supported on said inner conductor at one end, and dielectrically supported on said inner conductor on the other end of said coaxial line, and capacitively coupled to said inner conductor at an intermediate point of said coaxial line so as to permit tuning from the outside, of the energy fed through said coaxial line from and to said surface wave transmission line, su'bstantially without being alfected by the movement of said surface wave transmission line through said inner conductor; means for selectively winding on and oi said surface wave transmission line after having passed through said launcher at its closed end; said surface wave transmission line being wound with such a radius as not to produce a definite deformation of said line so that said line will straighten itself out automatically after being unwound and passing through said launcher at
  • said surface wave transmission line consists of a tiexible elastic steel rope surrounded by a copper foil and a dielectric coating surrounding said copper foil.
  • said surface wave transmission line consists of stranded copper coated steel wire, whereby the stranding occurs substantially on the surface of the rope, said rope being surrounded by dielectric coating.
  • Winding means are arranged to swivel with respect to their support so as to permit said winding means to follow the movement of the line during winding and unwinding 0perations.

Abstract

THIS INVENTION RELATES TO A SURFACE WAVE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, IN WHICH THE CLOSED END OF THE SURFACE WAVE LAUNCHER IS FORMED AS A COAXIAL LINE HAVING AN INNER CONDUCTOR THROUGH WHICH A SURFACE WAVE CONDUCTOR SI MOVABLE, AND AN OUTER CONDUCTOR CONDUCTIVELY SUPPORTED ON ONE END, AND DIELECTRICALLY SUPPORTED ON THE INNER CONDUCTOR ON THE OTHER END OF THE COAXIAL LIN, AND CAPACITIVELY COUPLED TO THE INNER CONDUCTOR AT AN INTERMEDIATE POINT OF COAXIAL LINE SO AS TO PERMIT TUNING FROM THE THE OUTSIDE.

Description

T.HAFNER Feb. 23, 1971 EXTENSIBLE SURFACE WAVE TRANSMISSION Fled May 24. 1968 3 SheQts-Sheet 1v R E R m OA TH N EE VR NO -m H T T. HAFNER 3,566,317 i EXTENSIBLE SURFACE WAVE'A TRANSMISSION' LINEv s sheets-sheet a Feb. 23;V 1971 j Filed May- 24. 1968 INVENTOR THEODORE HAFNER mc@ vox www Feb. 42:3; 1971 lFiled May 24,1968
HolZONTAL i SWIVEL T. HAFNr-:R 3,566,317
EXTENSIBLE SURFACE WAVE TRANSMISSION'LINE 3 Sheetssheet 5 FIG. u.'
yINVENTOR l THEODORE HAFNER' United States Patent O 3,566,317 EXTENSIBLE SURFACE VIAVE TRANSMISSION LIN Theodore Hafner, 1501 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10036 Filed May 24, 1968, Ser. No. 732,502 Int. Cl. H01p 3/12; H0141 1/28 U.S. Cl. 333-95 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to an assembly of a surface wave transmission line with a winding mechanism in which a surface wave transmission line, after passing the closed end of a surface wave launcher, is fed unto a winding mechanism to be wound on `and wound off with a radius as not to produce a definite deformation of the line so that the line will straighten itself out automatically after being unwound and passing the launcher at its open end.
In a more specific embodiment, the invention consists of a ying body comprising an antenna structure, means for propelling said structure, means for controlling the position of said structure, a ground station and a tethering line connecting said structure to said ground station, said ground station comprising means for transmitting to, and receiving signals from said ying body; and said tethering line being in the form of a surface wave transmissing line of a predetermined frequency range, including a core of sufficient mechanical strength to serve as a tethering line, a conducting layersurrounding said core and a dielectric coating surrounding said foil of a thickness sufficient to maintain surface waves of said frequency range along said line, means on said ground station to transmit said surface waves, and means on said structure to receive said surface waves, said transmitting means including launching means, permitting slidable passage of said surface wave transmission line from its open end to its closed end, and means for selectively winding on `and off said line when emerging from said launching means at said ground station.
These and other objects of the invention vwill be more fully apparent from the drawings annexed herein, in which FIG. l represents an extensible transmission line attached between a flying antenna structure and a ground station.
FIG. 2 shows a flying antenna structure in side elevation.
FIG. 3 represents a cross section through an antenna struction.
FIG. 4 shows a tethering line in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a modification of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 illustrates the specific structure of the tethering line in operation.
FIG. 7 shows a tethering connection between an airplane and a `flying antenna structure.
FIG. 8 shows a specific flying antenna structure.
FIG. 9 shows one of the parts of FIG. 1, especially the balun in greater details.
FIG. l0 represents a modilication of FIG. 9.
FIGS. 1l and 12 show in front and side elevations respectively, `a specic Winding mechanism for a surface 3,566,317 Patented Feb. 23, 1971 wave transmission line such as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 10.
As apparent from FIG. l, a surface wave transmission line such as illustrated in greater details in FIG. 4 or 5 is shown at 1, emerging from a motor-operated drum 2 and passing over rollers 3 to a surface wave launcher (or receiver) 4 which is shown in an exploded View.
In this view, a balun 5 or transducer is indicated attached at 1 and it is adjustably connected through a clamp 6 and adjustable brackets 7 to a ground support at 8. The other end of balun 5 is attached by another clamp 9 to horn 10 from which the surface wave conductor emerges at 11 to extend over the desired distance to a iiying antenna structure which in this case may be part of a balloon, helicopter or airplane, schematically indicated at 12.
At the top end, the surface wave conductor 11 enters a receiving horn 13 which, when assembled, forms, together with clamp 14, balun 15 and clamp 16, a surface wave receiving structure which is substantially identical with the launching structure described above.
While both surface wave launching and receiving structures are substantially supported, riding only on the surface wave conductor 11, which passes through them, the bottom launcher is also held back by link structure 7, and the receiver at the top by one or more steel ropes 17, all
i ICC this, of course, without impeding the winding on and oif of line 11 by motor-operated drum 2.
Balloon 12 may have printed thereon a cross-shaped antenna pattern, schematically indicated at 13 and connected by coaxial cable or any other transmission line indicated at 19, to the top balun 15.
Similarly, at the other or bottom end of line 11, the bottom balun 5 is connected through a coaxial cable 20 or any other transmission line, to a receiver or a transmitter, or a transmitter-receiver unit, indicated at 21, in
case the antenna pattern 18 at the top is to serve as a receiver, transmitter antenna or as both, transmitter and receiver antennas respectively.
If required, ground station 21 may be controlled by, or may be used to control, other equipment over a ground antenna schematically indicated at 22.
FIG. 2 illustrated a specific flying antenna structure in which the surface wave transmission line 11 is terininated at the top, not in a horn type surface wave receiver which has to be connected to a iiying antenna, such as 18 in FIG. Tl, but line 11 is connected directly to a turnstile antenna structure which is attached to line 11 and/or an extension of line 11, and which is schematically shown at 23 (see also the cross-section shown in FIG. 3) which has been so designed that the surface wave field of transmission line 11 is matched with the -wave field of turnstile antenna 23.
In order predeterminedly to direct the generally omnidirectional radiation pattern of such a turnstile antenna 23, the supporting stem 24 of the turnstile antenna 23 supports on insulating stub 25 the metal screen 26 which also forms the wings of the iiying antenna structure 23, which are movably hinged to each other at 27, thereby insuring a desired directivitjy of turnstile antenna 23.
Control of the movements of these wings 26, around their common axis 27, is effected by a motor 28 and by signals derived from the ground station 21 over line 11 which, as indicated above, not only serves as a mechanical tethering line but also as a high frequency transmission line for surface waves which have a considerable bandwidth or channel-carrying capacity.
In order to further, and predeterminedly, stabilize the flying antenna structure an adjustable horizontal ap is attached at 29 to the wings 26. Flap 29 is controlled by a motor 30 which is also controlled by signals derived from transmission line 11.
Flap 29 and wings 26 and their controls, may be effectively realized in any desired manner and, if necessary, as in any airplane, be formed as parts only of Wing and flap surface which are made adjustable and thereby controllable, all this without departing from the scope of this invention.
FIG. 4 shows a specific surface wave conductor, consisting of a stranded steel rope 31 of sufiicient mechanical strength to support the wind velocity and other stresses encountered in its operation as a tethering line.
In order to act as a surface wave conductor, steel rope 31 is surrounded by a conducting layer 32 which may be either a copper foil, or the like highly flexible conducting layer, or a sodium coating, and as schematically indicated in the drawing, separated if necessary from the steel rope 31 by an adhesive layer 33 which may also be conductive to increase the consistency of conduction, especially at the high frequency under consideration, characteristic of surface wave transmission.
Another layer or coating which may be insulating in character as indicated at 34, may serve to insulate the conducting layer or layers 32, 33 from steel rope 31, thereby permitting additional direct or alternating currents to be fed through the cable to provide energy to motors or other equipment on the flying antenna structure, and/or heat the surface wave conductor sufficiently to prevent excessive ice or sleet formation which would impair operation, or at least increase the loss of surface wave propagation. The pure polyethylene, 3S, which maintains the surface wave, is protected by a black polyethylene skin 36.
On top of conducting layer or layers 32, 33 is arranged an insulating coating 35 of low-loss plastic such as pure polyethylene or Teon to concentrate the surface wave to a radial distance corresponding to that of the surface wave field radius, or the radial dimensions of the launching and receiving structure, which are generally of the order of one wavelength of the operating frequency range.
In case polyethylene is used for surface wave concentration, the pure polyethylene sheeting is covered with a thin skin of black polyethylene which assures weather resistivity without substantially increasing propagation losses.
Conductive layer or layers 32, 33 may be replaced by a single copper foil embedded or sandwiched in a plastic medium such as polyamid which is highly ilexible, thereby supporting the conducting layer in the various winding operations imposed on the cable. If necessary, the plastic may also be provided on one or both sides of the sandwich with an adhesive to increase the overall stability and especially the flexing strength of the structure.
In a modification of the surface wave conductor shown in FIG. 5, the steel rope and its conductive coating is replaced by finely stranded steel wire in which each strand is individually copper-coated or -plated in the form of a Teflon (trademark) coated Copperweld (trademark) or Copperply (trademark) wire 37 which, by the number of strands, can be adjusted to the desired high tensile strength and elasticity, say 4000 lbs, breaking strength, without losing its elasticity and flexibility so that it can be continuously wound on and off a relatively small drum which, for example, may have a diameter of l5" for an overall cable diameter of 1A, or generally with a ratio of cable diameter to drum diameter of the order of at least 1:50.
FIG. 6 explains the function of a surface wave cable such as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, in which cable 38 under control of a drum 39 operated by motor 40 is arranged to travel in either directions 41, passing a launching or receiving structure as schematically indicated at 42. While conductor 37 is wound on drum 39 it is elastically and not permanently deformed. As it is Wound off drum 39 and as it passes the launching or receiving structure 42, cable 37, under control of its own elasticity, will automatically become straight, thereby transmitting the surface wave with a minimum of loss.
As apparent yfrom FIG. 7 a flying antenna structure 43 such as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, is tethered through a surface wave conductor 44 from an airplane schematically indicated at 45.
In addition to wing and flap controls effected through surface wave conductor 44 in the manner described with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3, the antenna structure 43 may be propulsed itself by a motor 46 fed through line 44 (see two conductor arrangements 31, 32, FIG. 4) and driving a propeller 47, and also controlled by command signals derived from airplane 45 through the tethering surface Wave conductor 44.
In an alternative arrangement, shown in FIG. 8, motor 46 may be formed as a generator 43 which is driven by propeller 49 under control of the motion asserted by line 50, and the current of generator 48 may be used to energize the ap and wing control motors indicated at 51 and 52 respectively.
FIG. 9 shows in side elevation and in cross-section one of the coaxial transducers or baluns shown in the exploded views of FIG. 1.
As apparent from FIG. 9, the transducer consists essentially of three portions: a central portion '53, a front portion 54, and a rear portion or filter portion 55, which are all screwed together' to form a solid unit and therefore, if
necessary, can lbe replaced by the same or other parts fitting different frequency range requirements.
Passing through portions 53-55 is a surface wave conductor consisting of a stranded steel rope 56 surrounded by a thin dielectric layer 57, a copperfoil 58, preferably attached by an adhesive (not shown) to layer 57, and surrounded by the field concentrating dielectric 59 proper, ywhich consists of pure polyethylene schematically indicated at 59 which, if necessary, may be further protected by a thin `black outer polyethylene layer 60.
If necessary, copperfoil 57 may also be attached by an adhesive to layer 59. Layers 58, 59 may be replaced by a Teflon or equivalent coating to produce minimum loss with maximum weather resistivity and optimum abrasive characteristics.
The elastic flexibility of rope 56 combined with layers 57 and 60 may be such as to produce the desired alternative straightening out and curving required in accordance with the invention, during the different winding and unwnding operations.
Portion has a Teflon cylindrical sleeve insert which operates as a filter and the entire part S4, of course, can be replaced in accordance with the mechanical requirements of wear and tear, but also depending on the particular operating spectrum required of the surface wave conductor.
Center portion 53 is attached to end portion 55 by screws 61 and is further attached by other screws 62 which also connect the outer or filter portion 55 to center portion 54 to which at its other end the horn 63 is connected. The inner conductor of the entire balun structure is connected at one end to 53 by a screw connection 64 and at the other end is spaced from portion 54 by a dielectric window 66 of plexiglass or the like. Portion 54 also supports at 67 the coaxial connection of the balun to the outside and a diametrical position 68 an adjustment probe for correcting the operating frequency range or bandwidth `within certain limits.
FIG. 10 shows balun continuously adjustable for a variable frequency range. In this case, the inner conductor `68, supporting a surface wave conductor 70 proper is provided with a very fine outer thread. Similarly, the outer conductor 71 of the balun is provided lwith a fine inner thread. These threads permit the end plates of the balun, namely the conducting end plate 72 and the dielectric end plate 73, to be adjusted in directions indicated `by arrows 74 and thereby adjust to operating frequency range of the balun in a predetermined manner.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show a launching or receiver unit 75 attached to a reel 76 of otherwise well-known construction, which is arranged rotatable or swiveling around a vertical axis 77. Launching unit 75 itself is attached to drum 78 rotatable about a horizontal axis schematically indicated at 79. In that way, launcher unit 75 under control of the drag exerted by the surface wave conductor 80 emerging from launcher unit 75 may assume any position Ibetween the horizontal position shown in FIG. l1 at 75 in full line, and the vertical position 75 shown in dotted line, thus reducing strain on the entire structure as well as its individual parts to a minimum.
FIG. 12 shows in somewhat greater detail how the launcher unit 75 is attached to the walls 78 which in turn must be rotatable about drum axis 81 by means of a pair of brackets 83 connecting the outer -walls 78 of drum 76 over the balun 83 to the horn 84 of the launcher unit 75. At axis 79 brackets 82 are mounted rotatably so as to permit the self-adjustment of the position of launcher unit 75 in accordance with the principles set forth above, to be affording electric connection of the surface wave conductor and continuous transmission of the surface wave from launcher to receiver and conversely, during the winding and unwinding operations with a minimum of strain.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with certain arrangements of conductors, insulators, launchers, receivers, antennas, terminal and control equipment, it is not limited thereto but may be applied in any appropriate form or manner whatsoever without departing from the scope of this invention.
What is claimed is:
1. In a surface wave transmission line assembly, a surface wave launcher, a surface wave transmission line passing through said launcher, from its open to its closed end; the closed end being formed as a coaxial line having an inner conductor permitting said surface wave transmission line to freely move through said inner conductor; and an outer conductor conductively supported on said inner conductor at one end, and dielectrically supported on said inner conductor on the other end of said coaxial line, and capacitively coupled to said inner conductor at an intermediate point of said coaxial line so as to permit tuning from the outside, of the energy fed through said coaxial line from and to said surface wave transmission line, su'bstantially without being alfected by the movement of said surface wave transmission line through said inner conductor; means for selectively winding on and oi said surface wave transmission line after having passed through said launcher at its closed end; said surface wave transmission line being wound with such a radius as not to produce a definite deformation of said line so that said line will straighten itself out automatically after being unwound and passing through said launcher at its open end.
2. Assembly according to claim 1 wherein said surface wave transmission line consists of a tiexible elastic steel rope surrounded by a copper foil and a dielectric coating surrounding said copper foil.
3. Assembly according to claim 1 wherein said surface wave transmission line consists of stranded copper coated steel wire, whereby the stranding occurs substantially on the surface of the rope, said rope being surrounded by dielectric coating.
4. Assembly according to claim 2 wherein said dielectric coating consists of Tellen.
5. Assembly according to claim 2 wherein there is provided an additional insulation between the copper foil and the steel rope.
6. Assembly according to claim 2 -wherein said launching means are arranged to swivel with respect to said winding means so as to permit said launching means to follow the movement of the line during winding and unwinding operations.
7. Assembly according to claim 2 wherein said Winding means are arranged to swivel with respect to their support so as to permit said winding means to follow the movement of the line during winding and unwinding 0perations.
8. Assembly according to claim 2 wherein said winding and launching means are rigidly attached to each other to form a solid unit, said unit being arranged to swivel so as to permit it to follow the movement of said line emerging from said launching means at its open end.
9. Assembly according to claim 2 `wherein said winding and launching means are ilexibly coupled to each other SO as to permit said launching means to follow the movement of said line during fwinding and unwinding operations.
10. Assembly according to claim 2 wherein said launching means, at its open end, has a horn portion to which feet guiding means are attached by means of radial strings.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,685,068 7/1954 Goubau 333-95SUX 2,995,740 8/ 1961 Shreckengost 343-705X 3,077,569 2/'1963 Ikrath 333--95SUX 3,134,951 5/1964 Huber 333-95SUX 3,241,145 3/1966 Petrides 343-705 HERMAN K. SAALBACH, Primary Examiner T. VEZEAU, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
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