US2770783A - Surface wave transmission line - Google Patents

Surface wave transmission line Download PDF

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US2770783A
US2770783A US163581A US16358150A US2770783A US 2770783 A US2770783 A US 2770783A US 163581 A US163581 A US 163581A US 16358150 A US16358150 A US 16358150A US 2770783 A US2770783 A US 2770783A
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conductor
line
beads
hollow
wire
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US163581A
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Andre G Clavier
David L Thomas
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Priority to US163581A priority patent/US2770783A/en
Priority to GB4645/51A priority patent/GB676947A/en
Priority to FR1044627D priority patent/FR1044627A/en
Priority to CH309730D priority patent/CH309730A/en
Priority to DEI4169A priority patent/DE893811C/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/10—Wire waveguides, i.e. with a single solid longitudinal conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices

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  • One of the objects of this invention is to provide another form of single wire guide line for microwave surface transmission.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a coupling device for single wire guide lines to effect transfer of microwave energy between the guide line and other microwave transmission structures.
  • One of the features of the invention comprises a variation in the manner of distributing the insulation along the line. While it is known that an insulation coated conductor functions as ⁇ a guide line for microwave energy, I accomplish this distribution by disposing along a wire conductor a plurality of beads of insulating material spaced at intervals along the conductor. It is also within the scope of my invention to provide in Ianother form a continuous coating of insulation together with beads in the form of enlarged sections of insulating material spaced at intervals therealong. While it is believed preferable to provide the conductor with a distribution of insulation along the surface thereof similar propagation may be obtained along bare wire which presents a finite resistivity comparable tothat of ordinary copper wire. with a coating of insulation is believed to further concentrate the field closer to the surface of the wire.
  • Anotherl feature of the invention lies in the coupling arrangement for coupling a guide line to the wall struc- Such wire Patented Nov. 13, 1956 tures of coaxial lines and dielectric waveguides.
  • the end portion of a hollow conductor which may comprise a part4 or a continuation of the walls of a dielectric wave'- guide or the outer conductor of a coaxial line, is decreased in conductance gradually, tothe terminal end thereof.
  • the purpose of this terminal resistance is to absorb terminal losses rather than permit radiation thereof, Iand thus provide improved transformer matching.
  • This decrease of conductance may be accomplished by different arrangements, one example being the tapering of the thickness of the end portion of the hollow conductor below the ⁇ effective skin conducting thickness of the conductor for a length thereof at the terminalend, and a second example being the continuation of the hollow .conductor in constant thickness but decreasing in the conducting consistency thereof until the conductivity is reduced substantially to zeroy at the terminal end.
  • a third example may .comprise the spraying of the end portion of the hollow conductor both the inside and outside surfaces, with resistance material, the resistance layer being decreased gradually'away from the end of the conductor.
  • the terminating insulating material at the end portion of thehollow conductor, whether or not the conductor has a terminating resistance, is preferably enlarged in quantity and/ or quality to constrict the fieldto-a radius equal to or less than the radius of the hollow conductor.
  • This insulating material is decreased in amount'from the terminal end thereof for a distance outwardly along the lin'e conductor, and may comprise, for example, a solid'body of dielectric material or a plurality of beads or discs of insulating material of selected sizes and spacingto produce the desired variation in dielectricquality.
  • the beads may vary in cross-sectional dimensions or they may vary in length or in -both cross-section and length.
  • the terminating insulating material may also be decreased in insulating quality for a distance along the line conductor inwardly of the outer conductor. All of these arrangements operate to confine the electromagnetic field closely adjacent the guide line conductor for transfer of propagated microwave energy with a minimum of wave perturbation along the line and between the line 'and the walls of microwave transmission structures.
  • Fig. l is fa longitudinal cross-'sectional View of a coupling device for coupling -a line conductor to a coaxial
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2 2 of Fig. l v
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of coupling device employing beads of insulating material spaced along the conductor line rat the coupled end thereof;
  • Fig. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one of the beads ⁇ shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the invention showing the distributed insulating material of the line in the form of beads with the line coupled to a ⁇ dielectric: waveguide structure; 'and Y Figs. 5 and 6 show in longitudinal section still other modifications of coupling devices.
  • a single line conductor 1 is show-n of the form comprising a conductor wire bearing .
  • insulation '2 which may be of enamel, polystyrene, polyethylene or other insulating material.
  • the coating 2 may Abe omitted Where the conductor has the prerequisite resistivity to concentrate the electromagnetic'field within a satisfactory radius about the conductor.
  • the :conductor '1 is extended into ⁇ a hollow conducto-r l3 of a coupling device which may comprise the terminal end of a coaxial line -4 of the ysolid dielectric type, the conductor 1 being connected as ⁇ a continuation of the center conductor ⁇ 5 of coaxial line.
  • the hollow conductor 3 may be the -wa'll portion of ea dielectric guide, such as indicated in Fig. 4.
  • the insulating coating 2 preferably merges or enters into a body of insulation 6, 7 which is disposed within the end portion of the hollow yconductor 3.
  • the body of insulation may be made as a single unit or in two or more parts, such as longitudinal halves, thirds or quarters, Aand held together by a solven and/or the encircling end of the perturbation of the wave propagation at the coupling hollow conductor 3. in Figs. 1V and 2, lfor example, the
  • the body is shown in halves 6 and 7, grooved to receive the line conductor l1.
  • the connecting portion is preferably tapered.
  • the hollow conductor '3 is provided with a terminal end extension 8 which preferably overlaps the body 6, which is decreased gradually to zero conductance Aat the terminal end 9 thereof.
  • This extension K8 may be formed by tapering the thickness -of the conductor -3 so that the conductance thereof is decreased gradually below the normal skin conductance of the conductor until it reaches zero.
  • the section ⁇ 8 may be formedv by spraying Iconductive material onto the body '6, 7 making the coat-ing thereof Vgradually thinner unt-il the terminal end 9 comprises spaced particles of conductive material.
  • the portion of the body ⁇ 6, 7 extending outwardly of the terminal end 9 is tapered gradually down to the size of the coating 2.
  • theinsu-lating coating 2 has disposed thereon a plurality of -beads of insulating material spaced at intervals along the Iline conductor 1, as indicated at 10, 111, 12 and 13.
  • These beads 410, 1 1, 12 and -13 are shown to vary in diameter, the largest being the bead 10 at. the termi-nal end 9 of the hollow conductor 3.
  • the thickness or length d of these beads preferably are much smaller than ⁇ the wavelength of the microwave energy.
  • the bead 10 preferably closes the terminal end of the member '3 while the 'beads 11, lf2 and 13 lare progressively smaller in diameter, the bead 13 closely approaching the diameter of the coating 2.
  • the coating 2 may be discontinued .between Ithe first bead 13 and the flinal bead 10, and also along the line conductor if desired', but .as shown in Fig. 3 4it is lapplied to the conductor throughout this length.
  • the coating 2 which preferably :is increased in thickness by an added layer of enamel serves to maintain the ⁇ beads inl position as well as to assist in confining the electromagnetic fieldy closely adjacent the conductor 1.
  • the -number of 4beads ⁇ 10-13 as well as the .spacing thereof, may be vari-ed as desired.
  • the center conductor 5 is supported by beads i1'4 in the usual manner of -coaxial lines.
  • a dielectric guide 15 is vshown to include a hollow conductor l16 into which line conductor 1A extends, kthe latter beingV anchored forV tensioning purposes conductor 1A is electrically connected by wire gripping ngers 18 of tubular sleeve 19 secured in end ⁇ cap 120 on rthe hollow conductor. 16.
  • the sleeve "19 insures proper coaxial positioning of the line conductor.
  • a dielectric guide 21 for transfer of microwave energy to theline conductor 1A which may or may not be bare lof insulation opposite the dielectric guide 21, a transition connection 22 being provided for either direct connection to the conductor or in capacity coupling arrangement therewith.
  • the line conductor IlA as shown is a bare wire provided ywith distributed insulation i-nY the form ofy beads 23 the spacing S of which' is preferably inthe orderof 10S'per wavelength..
  • the beads are of 'different radial sizes, similarly as indicatedl in Fig. *3.
  • the largest bead 24 is preferably ⁇ disposed ⁇ at' the terminal endy to close the hollow conductor.
  • the terminal end portion 26 ⁇ of the hollow conductor 16 is shown in this embodiment to be of constant thickness las distinguished from the tapered thickness of the end portions 8 ⁇ in Figs. l and 2.
  • section '26 is so chosen to vary in conductivity throughout its length until the conductance of the section is substantially zero ⁇ at the terminal end thereof. This may also be ⁇ accomplished by spraying resistance material on the inside -and/or outside surfaces of the hollow conductor, the resistance coating being ythickest at the terrninal end.
  • the line yconductor 11A is the Isame as shown in iFig. 4, the distributed insulating material being in the form of beads 23 spaced at intervals therealong. These beads by proper spacing provide the same constricting effect upon theelect-romagnetic held as the continuous coatingl 2 of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the conductor 1A approaches .andv extends into the hollow conductor l16 the beads are spaced closer and closer together as indicated at 127 until the shortest ⁇ spacing occurs at the terminal end ofthe hollow conductor and therebeyond the usual center conductor spacers 114 are employed to coaxially position the line conductor. This concentration of insulating-material at the terminal end effectively constricts the electromagnetic field to a cross-sectional volume corresponding to the cross-section of the interior of the hollow conductor 16.
  • the terminal insulating material is shown in the form of beads 28, 29, 30 and 31, which vary both in diameter and length, and, therefore, also in spacing; adjacent the termi-nal end of the 'hollow conductor 32.
  • the largest bead28 which preferably is less iny length than the wavelength of the microwave energy, is disposed in; the termina-l end portion 33.
  • Additional insulating beads 34 whichare progressively decreased in :length to the lengthofy the usual center conductor spacer beads 35 and. areV intenposedbetween the terminal bead 28 and the rstspaced bead 35.
  • said means comprising a hollow conductor extendingfrom the outer conductor of the coaxial line, said lline conductor being extended into said hollow conductor, said hollow conductor. being decreased gradually in thickness toward the end remote from the coaxial line, whereby the conductance thereof is gradually' decreased and insulating material.

Description

Nov. 13, 1956 A. G. CLAVIER x-:T AL
SURFACE WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed May 23, 1950 Nov. 13, 1956 A. G. CLAVIER ET AL SURFACE WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Eiled May 23, 1950 gli mmf
E N R O INVENTORS United States Patent f SURFACE WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE Andre G. Clavier, Nutley, N. J., and David L. Thomas,
Lee, London, England, assignors to International Standard Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Applicaon May 23, 1950, Serial No. 163,581k
Claims. (Cl. 333-95) 'I'his invention relates to microwave transmission systems and more particularly to a single wire guide line for microwave transmission and means for coupling such lines to other forms of microwave transmitting structures.
In addition to the transmission of microwave energy over radio links, coaxial cables and dielectric waveguides, it has recently been discovered that such high frequency energy covering a very Wide band may be transmitted by means of a single wire properly insulated, the transmission of energy being confined closely adjacent the wire in the electric rand magnetic fields formed thereabout. While it was known that when a wire had electric energy applied thereto that electric and magnetic fields formed aboutthe wire, it was believed that these fields radiated outwardly without any definite limits or boundary. It has recently been discovered however, that if the conductor is coated with a given thickness of insulation the electromagnetic fields produced by microwave energy are concentrated and substantially confined within a given radius about the conductor, this radius being determined by the size of the conductor, the quality and thickness of the insulating coating. By way of example, Ian ordinary No. `l2V enameled copper wire was found to have for microwave energy in the neighborhood of 5000 mc. an electromagnetic ield concentrated within a three to four-inch radius about the wire and that microwave energy could be propagated in this ield closely adjacent the surface of the wire at a velocity slightly less than the speed of light. This manner of propagation now referred to as surface wave transmission presents very small loss and-is substantially free from electrical and other disturbances Where this confined field is substantially unobstructed.
One of the objects of this invention is to provide another form of single wire guide line for microwave surface transmission. v
Another object of the invention is to provide a coupling device for single wire guide lines to effect transfer of microwave energy between the guide line and other microwave transmission structures.
One of the features of the invention comprises a variation in the manner of distributing the insulation along the line. While it is known that an insulation coated conductor functions as `a guide line for microwave energy, I accomplish this distribution by disposing along a wire conductor a plurality of beads of insulating material spaced at intervals along the conductor. It is also within the scope of my invention to provide in Ianother form a continuous coating of insulation together with beads in the form of enlarged sections of insulating material spaced at intervals therealong. While it is believed preferable to provide the conductor with a distribution of insulation along the surface thereof similar propagation may be obtained along bare wire which presents a finite resistivity comparable tothat of ordinary copper wire. with a coating of insulation is believed to further concentrate the field closer to the surface of the wire.
Anotherl feature of the invention lies in the coupling arrangement for coupling a guide line to the wall struc- Such wire Patented Nov. 13, 1956 tures of coaxial lines and dielectric waveguides. The end portion of a hollow conductor, which may comprise a part4 or a continuation of the walls of a dielectric wave'- guide or the outer conductor of a coaxial line, is decreased in conductance gradually, tothe terminal end thereof. The purpose of this terminal resistance is to absorb terminal losses rather than permit radiation thereof, Iand thus provide improved transformer matching. .This decrease of conductance may be accomplished by different arrangements, one example being the tapering of the thickness of the end portion of the hollow conductor below the` effective skin conducting thickness of the conductor for a length thereof at the terminalend, and a second example being the continuation of the hollow .conductor in constant thickness but decreasing in the conducting consistency thereof until the conductivity is reduced substantially to zeroy at the terminal end. A third example may .comprise the spraying of the end portion of the hollow conductor both the inside and outside surfaces, with resistance material, the resistance layer being decreased gradually'away from the end of the conductor.
The terminating insulating material at the end portion of thehollow conductor, whether or not the conductor has a terminating resistance, is preferably enlarged in quantity and/ or quality to constrict the fieldto-a radius equal to or less than the radius of the hollow conductor. This insulating material is decreased in amount'from the terminal end thereof for a distance outwardly along the lin'e conductor, and may comprise, for example, a solid'body of dielectric material or a plurality of beads or discs of insulating material of selected sizes and spacingto produce the desired variation in dielectricquality. The beads may vary in cross-sectional dimensions or they may vary in length or in -both cross-section and length. The terminating insulating material may also be decreased in insulating quality for a distance along the line conductor inwardly of the outer conductor. All of these arrangements operate to confine the electromagnetic field closely adjacent the guide line conductor for transfer of propagated microwave energy with a minimum of wave perturbation along the line and between the line 'and the walls of microwave transmission structures.
The above-mentioned and other features and objects of this invention `and the manner of attaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be best understood, by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. l is fa longitudinal cross-'sectional View of a coupling device for coupling -a line conductor to a coaxial Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2 2 of Fig. l v
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of coupling device employing beads of insulating material spaced along the conductor line rat the coupled end thereof;
Fig. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one of the beads `shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the invention showing the distributed insulating material of the line in the form of beads with the line coupled to a `dielectric: waveguide structure; 'and Y Figs. 5 and 6 show in longitudinal section still other modifications of coupling devices. A
In Figs. l and 2, a single line conductor 1 is show-n of the form comprising a conductor wire bearing .a continuous coating of insulation '2 which may be of enamel, polystyrene, polyethylene or other insulating material. The coating 2, however, may Abe omitted Where the conductor has the prerequisite resistivity to concentrate the electromagnetic'field within a satisfactory radius about the conductor. The :conductor '1 .is extended into `a hollow conducto-r l3 of a coupling device which may comprise the terminal end of a coaxial line -4 of the ysolid dielectric type, the conductor 1 being connected as `a continuation of the center conductor `5 of coaxial line. The hollow conductor 3, of course, may be the -wa'll portion of ea dielectric guide, such as indicated in Fig. 4. The insulating coating 2 preferably merges or enters into a body of insulation 6, 7 which is disposed within the end portion of the hollow yconductor 3. The body of insulation may be made as a single unit or in two or more parts, such as longitudinal halves, thirds or quarters, Aand held together by a solven and/or the encircling end of the perturbation of the wave propagation at the coupling hollow conductor 3. in Figs. 1V and 2, lfor example, the
body is shown in halves 6 and 7, grooved to receive the line conductor l1.. Where the conductors 1 and l5 are of different size, the connecting portion is preferably tapered. The hollow conductor '3 is provided with a terminal end extension 8 which preferably overlaps the body 6, which is decreased gradually to zero conductance Aat the terminal end 9 thereof. This extension K8 may be formed by tapering the thickness -of the conductor -3 so that the conductance thereof is decreased gradually below the normal skin conductance of the conductor until it reaches zero. The section `8 may be formedv by spraying Iconductive material onto the body '6, 7 making the coat-ing thereof Vgradually thinner unt-il the terminal end 9 comprises spaced particles of conductive material. The portion of the body `6, 7 extending outwardly of the terminal end 9 is tapered gradually down to the size of the coating 2.
. In Fig. 3 theinsu-lating coating 2 has disposed thereon a plurality of -beads of insulating material spaced at intervals along the Iline conductor 1, as indicated at 10, 111, 12 and 13. These beads 410, 1 1, 12 and -13 are shown to vary in diameter, the largest being the bead 10 at. the termi-nal end 9 of the hollow conductor 3. The thickness or length d of these beads preferably are much smaller than `the wavelength of the microwave energy. The bead 10 preferably closes the terminal end of the member '3 while the 'beads 11, lf2 and 13 lare progressively smaller in diameter, the bead 13 closely approaching the diameter of the coating 2. .The coating 2 may be discontinued .between Ithe first bead 13 and the flinal bead 10, and also along the line conductor if desired', but .as shown in Fig. 3 4it is lapplied to the conductor throughout this length. The coating 2 which preferably :is increased in thickness by an added layer of enamel serves to maintain the `beads inl position as well as to assist in confining the electromagnetic fieldy closely adjacent the conductor 1. The -number of 4beads `10-13 :as well as the .spacing thereof, may be vari-ed as desired. The center conductor 5 is supported by beads i1'4 in the usual manner of -coaxial lines. v
In Fig. 4 a dielectric guide 15 is vshown to include a hollow conductor l16 into which line conductor 1A extends, kthe latter beingV anchored forV tensioning purposes conductor 1A is electrically connected by wire gripping ngers 18 of tubular sleeve 19 secured in end` cap 120 on rthe hollow conductor. 16. The sleeve "19 insures proper coaxial positioning of the line conductor. In communication with the hollow conductoi 1-6 is a dielectric guide 21 for transfer of microwave energy to theline conductor 1A which may or may not be bare lof insulation opposite the dielectric guide 21, a transition connection 22 being provided for either direct connection to the conductor or in capacity coupling arrangement therewith.
The line conductor IlA as shown is a bare wire provided ywith distributed insulation i-nY the form ofy beads 23 the spacing S of which' is preferably inthe orderof 10S'per wavelength.. At the terminal couplingthe beads are of 'different radial sizes, similarly as indicatedl in Fig. *3. The largest bead 24 is preferably` disposed `at' the terminal endy to close the hollow conductor. To reduce at spaced intervals along the conductor inside the hollow conductor 16. The terminal end portion 26 `of the hollow conductor 16 is shown in this embodiment to be of constant thickness las distinguished from the tapered thickness of the end portions 8 `in Figs. l and 2. The material of section '26, however, is so chosen to vary in conductivity throughout its length until the conductance of the section is substantially zero `at the terminal end thereof. This may also be `accomplished by spraying resistance material on the inside -and/or outside surfaces of the hollow conductor, the resistance coating being ythickest at the terrninal end.
In Fig. 5 the line yconductor 11A is the Isame as shown in iFig. 4, the distributed insulating material being in the form of beads 23 spaced at intervals therealong. These beads by proper spacing provide the same constricting effect upon theelect-romagnetic held as the continuous coatingl 2 of Figs. 1 and 2. As the conductor 1A approaches .andv extends into the hollow conductor l16 the beads are spaced closer and closer together as indicated at 127 until the shortest `spacing occurs at the terminal end ofthe hollow conductor and therebeyond the usual center conductor spacers 114 are employed to coaxially position the line conductor. This concentration of insulating-material at the terminal end effectively constricts the electromagnetic field to a cross-sectional volume corresponding to the cross-section of the interior of the hollow conductor 16.
Referringto IFig.` 6, the terminal insulating material is shown in the form of beads 28, 29, 30 and 31, which vary both in diameter and length, and, therefore, also in spacing; adjacent the termi-nal end of the 'hollow conductor 32. The largest bead28 which preferably is less iny length than the wavelength of the microwave energy, is disposed in; the termina-l end portion 33. Additional insulating beads 34. whichare progressively decreased in :length to the lengthofy the usual center conductor spacer beads 35 and. areV intenposedbetween the terminal bead 28 and the rstspaced bead 35. Y
While the various formsy illustrated indicate,. particularly in Figs. 3 through 6, `a limited number of insulating. beads as forming the terminating insulating material for. the ligne conductor, it willv be understood that the number, sizes andi-actual spacing of these beads may 'vary widely depending on the permissable degree of perturbal tion. of'. wave propagation. Thuswhile l have described =above the principles of my invention inconnection with ,specific apparatus, itis/ato be clearly lunderstood that this description is inadeyonly by way of example `and not as -a limitation to the scope of my invention .as set forth in the objects thereof and the accompanying claims.
What we claim is: lf. In:` a microwave transmission sys-tem, means for coupling energy from a coaxial line,.to a line conductor capable of `microwave surface propagation by means of through a turnbuckle1=7=to-a support (not shown). rI'he an electromagnetic fieldv formed thereabout, said means comprising a hollow conductor extendingfrom the outer conductor of the coaxial line, said lline conductor being extended into said hollow conductor, said hollow conductor. being decreased gradually in thickness toward the end remote from the coaxial line, whereby the conductance thereof is gradually' decreased and insulating material. disposedy about said line` conductor withiny said hollow conductor to constrict. substantially the radial extent of. the electromagnetic el'd as it is propagated from the 'coaxial' line tothe line conductor.
2. I'n` ai microwave transmission system according to claim l, wherein said quantity of insulation is decreased gradually in insulating characteristic for a given distance outwardly along said line, after the terminationof said hollow conductor. I
3". The microwave' transmission system according to claim 1, and' further comprising insulatingV material, in-
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,207,845 Wolff July 16, 1940 2,269,991 Scheldorf Jan. 13, 1942 2,438,795 Wheeler Mar. 30, 1948 2,453,759 Robinson Nov. 16, 1948 2,471,732 Feenburg May 31, 1949 2,491,601 Bernstein et al Dec. 20, 1949 2,492,404 Streib et al Dec. 27, 1949 2,588,610 B'oothroyd Mar. l1, 1952 2,685,068 Goubau July 27, 1954 OTHER REFERENCES Principles .and Practice of Wave Guides, L. G. H. Huxley 1947, MacMillan Co., N. Y., pp. 198-203. (Copy in Scientic Library.)
US163581A 1950-05-23 1950-05-23 Surface wave transmission line Expired - Lifetime US2770783A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE503409D BE503409A (en) 1950-05-23
US163581A US2770783A (en) 1950-05-23 1950-05-23 Surface wave transmission line
GB4645/51A GB676947A (en) 1950-05-23 1951-02-26 Microwave transmission system
FR1044627D FR1044627A (en) 1950-05-23 1951-03-20 Ultra-shortwave transmission system
CH309730D CH309730A (en) 1950-05-23 1951-05-19 Ultra-shortwave transmission installation.
DEI4169A DE893811C (en) 1950-05-23 1951-05-20 Microwave transmission system

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US2946970A (en) * 1956-04-11 1960-07-26 Hafner Theodore Repeater amplifiers for surface wave transmission
US2948870A (en) * 1956-03-13 1960-08-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave mode suppressors
US2949589A (en) * 1955-05-20 1960-08-16 Surface Conduction Inc Microwave communication lines
US3126517A (en) * 1964-03-24 Tapered waveguide transition sections
US3491291A (en) * 1966-06-27 1970-01-20 Beloit Iron Works Resonant loop single conductor surface wave device
US4743916A (en) * 1985-12-24 1988-05-10 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for proportional RF radiation from surface wave transmission line
US4808950A (en) * 1986-10-06 1989-02-28 Sanders Associates, Inc. Electromagnetic dispersive delay line
US7154430B1 (en) 1981-01-16 2006-12-26 The Boeing Company Ventriloqual jamming using a towed transmission line
US20160351987A1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-12-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp Apparatus and method for launching electromagnetic waves
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GB676947A (en) 1952-08-06
CH309730A (en) 1955-09-15
FR1044627A (en) 1953-11-19
DE893811C (en) 1953-10-19

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