CN1833397A - 用于监视和记录与人有关的活动和数据的电子安全系统 - Google Patents

用于监视和记录与人有关的活动和数据的电子安全系统 Download PDF

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CN1833397A
CN1833397A CNA2004800171917A CN200480017191A CN1833397A CN 1833397 A CN1833397 A CN 1833397A CN A2004800171917 A CNA2004800171917 A CN A2004800171917A CN 200480017191 A CN200480017191 A CN 200480017191A CN 1833397 A CN1833397 A CN 1833397A
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詹姆斯·M·萨伊科夫斯基
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United Security Applications ID Inc
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Abstract

一种用于提供安全和唯一的个体身份识别的设备,包括以电磁方式记录并存储表示特定个体的数据的装置。该装置在各字段中接收和存储数据。一种用于跟踪和识别个体的系统,包括:电磁身份识别装置,该装置具有多个数据字段,每个都适于接收识别信号;写入器,用于把信号编码到适当的数据字段;控制器,用于接收用于唯一识别个体的信号,并把该信号存储在主数据库中;以及读取器,适于查询存储在所述电磁身份识别设备上的唯一个体身份识别信号,并把相应的个体身份识别信号与从所述电磁身份识别设备接收的信号进行比较,并且当存在差异时产生报警信号。

Description

用于监视和记录与人有关的活动和数据的电子安全系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求以下申请的优先权:美国专利申请60/479,127,申请日2003年6月17日,名称“用于监视和记录有关人员和货物的活动与数据的电子安全系统”;同时待审的专利申请(代理卷号5264-0002-2),名称“用于监视和记录与货物有关的活动和数据的电子安全系统”;同时待审的专利申请(代理卷号5264-0002-3),名称“用于监视和记录与机构及其代理有关的活动和数据的电子安全系统”。上述申请通过引用整体并入此处,用于参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及以电子方式监视和记录有关人的数据和活动的系统和方法,特别涉及监视和记录有关个体的动态实时数据,特别是应用于处在提供安全检查的场合中的旅行者。
背景技术
众所周知,在许多正规场合和商务场合都提供个人的身份证明和信息的存储处理系统,这种系统按电子形式存储数据并且类似的处理和传输有关个体的数据。例如,通过使用便携微处理器设备,包括计算机、带有微片的“智能卡”以及电子扫描的标签和条码、光和无线电传感器以及其他技术等,来实现这些目的。
通常,用于存储、处理和传输数据的各设备按各种方式中的任何一种来链接,以建立基于计算机的网络,该网络与输入输出设备通信来存储和处理有关个体的数据。例如,这些网络包括因特网和万维网以及专有网络。可通过调制解调器、线缆、射频(RF)传输等获得数据信号的传输。
尽管有大量的应用例子,在商务和社会活动中采用这些公知的硬件和软件技术用各种系统和方法来获取、存储和处理通信数据,但目前用来获取、管理、处理和传送数据信号的系统还不能有效跟踪在几个国家出出进进的人员。特别是缺乏这样的装置,可在各政府机构和官方部门之间按协作和有益的方式有效地实时链接这样的通信。
当前,在美国的各州政府和各地方政府已经产生了一系列不同的照片身份识别卡,其中包含文字信息,现在包括个人的照片。这些中最常见的是由50个州和地区的每个所发放的驾驶证。类似地,许多州对武器持有的许可还有要求,这同样要求另外的卡,其中包含有关个体的信息以及对该个人允许携带的武器类别。许多公司也同样发放照片身份识别卡用于他们各自的商务活动中。这些照片身份识别信息大多只包含文字材料,如名字、地址、出生日期、眼睛颜色等,以及照片。某些已在产业界使用的身份识别卡包含更多的信息,如指纹等。
但目前这些用于识别人的系统还没有利用那些已经用于识别和跟踪货物运输的新技术的优点,如条形码等技术,目前也没有一种有效的用于个体的标准化和防拆封的身份识别系统。
在过去,即使没有统一的个人身份识别也可满足需求,因许多身份识别只用于简单的操作,如在例行的交通检查中警察所用的身份识别、钞票检验等。外国政府有其自己的利用安全措施实现的身份识别系统,其效率各不相同。目前有很大的争议,就是在美国的墨西哥藉人是否可使用他们的墨西哥身份识别卡在美国用于类似的身份识别目的。
由于大量的人员进出美国,目前用来建立照片身份识别的技术的问题更加恶化。还没有一种有效的机制可系统化和大规模的提供保障机制来识别和跟踪在美国移动的个体。在2001年9月11日发生的严重国土安全事件,以及境外的恐怖主义分子的敌视,都表明目前的用于身份识别的系统完全不适合需要。目前,美国已经修改了为外国人发放签证和申请护照的申请程序,并视图改进文档建立的安全措施。需要一种系统可以跟踪那些进入美国、在美国旅行然后离开美国的人,从而限制和防止大规模安全事件发生的机会。另外,还需要一种系统可在系统的授权用户之间提供信息交换的便利。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明旨在提供一种设备,用于提供安全和唯一的个人身份识别。这样的设备包括用于以电磁方式记录和存储数据以及表示特定个体的识别参数值的装置。优选地,该装置能够在包括识别符字段和旅行字段的多个字段中接收和存储数据,该识别符字段适于仅从允许的源接收用于识别特定个体的信号,该旅行字段适于接收对应于有关旅行次序的信号。
在另一个方面,本发明旨在提供一种系统,用于跟踪和识别个体。这样的系统包括:电磁身份识别装置,该装置具有多个数据字段,每个数据字段适于接收唯一识别个体的信号;写入器,用于把该身份识别信号编码到所述电磁身份识别装置数据字段;控制器,用于接收唯一识别个体的信号并把该个体身份识别信号存储到主数据库存储设备;以及读取器,适于查询存储在所述电磁身份识别装置上的唯一个体身份识别信号,并与所述控制器通信,用于对相应的存储在所述主数据库存储设备上的个体身份识别信号与从所述电磁身份识别设备接收的信号做比较,并当该比较表现出差异时产生报警信号。
附图说明
图1是用于个体身份识别系统的电子身份识别系统的示意图。
图2是图1的系统的示意图,其中身份识别信息被写入系统所包含的多个卡。
图3是本发明的身份识别卡的平面图。
图4和图5是可由本发明的电子身份识别系统使用的手持读取装置的透视图。
图6是示出一个过程的简化流程图,其中带有电子身份识别卡的个人旅行者进入机场或诸如边境检查站的检查点。
图7是示出把电子身份识别卡与各数据库链接的简化流程图。
图8是示出跟踪外国旅行者离境的简化流程图。
图9是示出跟踪美国公民从外国返回的简化流程图。
图10是示出跟踪购票的个人通过运输公司在国内旅行的简化流程图。
图11是示出向初次入境的外国游客发放智能签证的简化流程图。
图12是示出使用前述所发放的智能签证的外国游客的旅行过程的简化流程图。
图13是示出向美国公民发放(或更换)新的智能护照的简化流程图。
图14是示出为美国公民把通常的护照更换成智能护照的简化流程图。
图15是示出发放国家身份识别卡的简化流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在提供用于个体的安全身份识别卡,以及使用这种安全身份识别卡的系统。该卡特别适于用来跟踪个体尤其是进入美国的旅行者的系统使用,并可通过与主数据库的实时通信立刻确定各种状态。
本发明设计了一种身份识别卡、护照、签证以及与中央系统协作的类似识别装置的集成式系统,可由各政府机构来访问,这些政府机构包括但不限于:联邦调查局(FBI)、国务院、国防部、各移民局、各个进入美国的口岸的海关、州和地方警察部门等。
本发明的一个关键方面是对在美国的所有人都使用身份识别卡。这样的卡包括可通过视觉确定的识别信息,但还可进一步包括数字照片、生物指纹以及编码的信息。在一个实施例中,该编码的信息以电子方式存储在嵌入该卡本身结构的微片中。另外,该编码的信息可采用具有发送和接收能力的形式,或类似的发送/接收功能(如通过射频(RF)),以便自动读取编程到该卡上微片中的数据。在任何实施例中,数字照片使得可由人脸识别系统(面部印相)来使用该系统。生物指纹使得可通过指纹技术和数据库快速解决身份验证查询。通过读取器可读取该编码的信息,并且该编码信息链接到集中式数据库,该集中式数据库中包含有关该卡持有者的持久信息的记录。优选地,通过封装身份识别机构(如经由叠片技术)以及在该卡中结合全息图像和/或加密该编码信息,可使该卡防拆封。
本发明的另一个关键方面是使得身份识别卡可作为个人在美国之外旅行的“智能”护照。如这里所使用的,当用来说明本发明的设备时,术语“智能”是指可使用可应用的装置把数据写入该设备、存储到该设备、从该设备中擦除以及重写到该设备中。使用结合有“监控(watch)”技术的智能护照,使得政府可跟踪和监视在任何可读环境中的智能卡持有者,特别是当智能卡持有者进入诸如边境检查站、机场、港口或者是受监视的建筑或区域的安全区域、或从这种区域经过、或从这种区域出来的时候。该卡本身包含相关的数据,该数据大致与存储在主数据库中的数据相同。
参见图1,用于个体的安全身份识别卡系统10的系统实施例具有:控制器12、数据库14、显示设备16、读取器18、至少一个卡20以及写入设备22。每个个体都有所给予的卡。在一个优选的实施例中,控制器12是宿主计算机,可用于执行下文中所公开的操作,并具有足够的存储器以便能够适当处理从读取器18中接收的信息以及用于显示。优选地,卡20是智能身份识别装置,包含该卡持有者的特定信息,这种信息优选是持有者的数字照片、持有者的生物指纹以及微片。
参见图2,所示出的卡20描述了用于三个单独的人的三个单独的卡20a、20b和20c。尽管只示出了三个卡,应该理解,该系统可使用任意数量的卡。优选地,卡发放给每个在美国居住和/或在美国旅行的人。如下文中详述的,对卡的读/写功能是严格控制的,通常只能由发卡机构来进行。
优选地,卡20a、20b和20c的每一个存储对该卡持有者的唯一数据。参见图3,存储在卡20的数据优选包括数字照片24、生物指纹26、全息图像28以及包含编码数据的内部存储器片30。可编码到微片并存储在微片中的数据的例子包括但不限于驾驶员的驾驶执照信息(如身份识别号、车辆登记日期以及违章历史)、社会安全号、地址(过去的和现在的)、个人数据(如出生日期、身高、重量、头发颜色、眼睛颜色等)、电子和电话联系信息、医疗记录(如过敏症、药物治疗、药物滥用史、是否有任何类型的假体(这在确定为什么有人经过金属检查装置时总要触发报警器的时候有用)或其他健康信息)、犯罪记录(重罪、轻罪、性侵犯状况、以前的宣判有罪、宣判无罪等)、别名、家族数据(最近的亲属联系信息以及对确定个人行踪有用的信息)、金融和银行信息(如信用卡号以及信用限制、储蓄账号以及余额、信用历史和等级、薪资历史等)、武器购买和拥有记录、婚姻状况、所属的政党、种族背景和国籍状态、就业和失业历史、受教育历史、图书借阅记录、消费品购买记录、财产权属和留置权信息、法院判决信息以及有关接收救济和其他政府福利的历史、保险确认等。
在一个实施例中,卡20的内部存储器片30通常包括带有整个1024位存储器的EEPROM。使用字节边界存储器寻址和字节边界存储器封锁。用于从存储器片30接收数据的通信平台优选是防冲突协议二叉树型、防冲突算法。另外,编程到存储器片30中的信息可包括全球定位号、卡激活的日期和时间、海关协调号和协调号说明等。在进出口岸时,进出口岸的识别数据也可以写到卡中,在进出口岸时这样的数据同海关保留的相应数据做比较,必要时用于验证旅行和系统操作。
作为选择,卡20还可包括信号装置32,这可以是任何合适的电磁收发信机。在一个实施例中,信号装置是Intermec 915MHz射频身份识别(RFID)装置,其具有无源操作并符合EPC(电子产品编码)和ISO(国际标准化组织)标准。这样的装置具有直到13英尺的读取范围并可安装在胶贴(sticker)中,并且可进一步兼作可由人辨认的标签。
带有RFID信号装置的卡20可由读取器18来读取。在优选的实施例中,该读取器具有能力来查询和读取每个卡20上的信号装置32,在应用中查看卡上的数据,写卡数据以及清除和重写卡数据。几个读取器18可作为信号网络的部分来通信。优选地,系统使用IntermecITRF91501读取器,这是固定915MHz的读取器,并且卡写入器具有四(4)个地址天线端口、RS232串行端口以及在十二微秒内读取RFID信号装置以及按卡按字节平均31微秒执行验证的写入能力。这样的装置利用单个天线在大约3米的距离读取。
可替换地,读取器18可以是由个人在远程使用的Intermec IP3便携读取器。参见图4和图5,可见Intermec IP3具有移动读/写能力并包括Intermec 700系列移动计算机。通过由可充电的锂离子电池包供电的内部电路极化天线,可有效进行读取操作,并且通过计算机驱动系统应用程序来处理RFID信号数据。字母数字键盘40和显示屏42提供从用户的输入通信以及到用户的输出通信。构造便携读取器供室内和室外使用,并具有+14°F到+140°F的工作温度,防雨防尘,符合IP64,由锂离子7.2伏电池来供电,并使用Microsoft Windows forPocket PC作为操作系统。可有64兆字节或128兆字节的随机存取存储器(RAM)以及32兆字节的闪存只读存储器(ROM)。内部插槽具有安全数字和压缩闪(CF)Type II卡。它依赖标准的通信协议RS232、IrDA1.1(115K字节每秒(KBPS))。也可使用10BASE T-Ethernet和USB端口配置的读取器。对读取器还有集成的无线电选件和扫描仪选件。优选地,读取器18可适合于进站工作站44以提供桌面连接性。
在任何时候,授权用户(具有唯一用户识别符或口令并满足所建立的安全要求)可利用读取器18从卡20读取文件,以查看编程在卡20上的数据。在本发明优选实施例中,所读取的文件可复制到或传送到计算机或其他控制装置(如膝上型计算机、台式计算机或个体数字助理(PDA))。来自卡20的信息可以被生成、显示、打印或传送到中央计算机来处理。在控制机构(如软件)的控制下,来自卡20的信息可以同其他信息比较,如从卡持有者的人脸扫描所获得的结果,以确定该卡的持有者与卡20所发放给的那个人是否是同一个人。指出数据的精确性或安全漏洞的报告可打印和/或显示。
上面参照图1至图5所述的系统10被配置成计算机可控制的,用以收集数据。通过高性能的以太网络接口线,该系统可容易地连接到PC数据控制系统。
上述系统的电子设备可输入、处理、存储以及传送与个体的身份识别有关的数据,并通过执行各种算法把这样的数据链接到各终端。该数据还可用于同现有数据库交叉索引,以提供在个体旅行期间在各离散的点跟踪个体的功能。
该系统的装置还适于构造用于连续跟踪个体的系统。特别地,通过在衣服、手镯、项链等中间结合RFID信号装置,就可以通过连续查询该RFID装置来确定个体的移动。这样的连续跟踪系统在跟踪可疑的或已知的罪犯或恐怖分子时特别有用。这在监视犯人群体方面也很有用。在任何场合,对于个体的跟踪,该个体可以知情,也可以不知情。
在该系统的任何使用中,提供一种非打扰的、远程的、无线的个体位置和移动的监视。对系统的信号装置的间歇性查询(即卡的读取)使得可为了安全的目的在给定点查看个体的位置,并进一步使得为了安全的目的把有关信息传送到适当的各方。对该系统的信号装置的连续查询使得可对个体进行实时的或接近实时的监督,这对于预测不希望发生的各个个体的聚集以及对是否需要警察和军队采取行动做出评估都是很有用的。优选地,数据的传输通过卫星、GPRS(通用分组无线业务)或蜂窝应用来集成,以提供实时的或接近实时的分析。
对不携带护照的美国公民,结合了这里所述技术的智能护照用作国家身份识别卡。从功能上说,该卡与发放给进入美国的外国人的智能护照是相同的。在美国,用于准备到外国旅行的美国公民的智能护照,以及用于这个国家中没有打算旅行的人的智能护照,直接链接到该旅行者的社会安全号,并成为该旅行者在美国旅行时或返回美国时的身份识别的主要工具。
当一个准备到外国旅行的美国公民申请并接收新的智能护照,在中央计算机系统中就建立一个记录,该系统包括大容量的带有这种文字信息的主数据库。该个体记录包含所有通常的护照信息,包括但不限于背景调查、生物指纹、数字照片以及旅行的行程。在特定的例子中,它可以链接到运输公司数据源(如航空和海上运输公司)并链接到包含在该卡上的RF信号装置。该数据库可由授权的政府官员按适当的只读或读写级别来访问,以保持该信息的完整性。
必要时该数据库的信息可被升级。例如,当该个体获得驾驶执照,则记录该信息。如果该个体又接受了摩托车许可证或商用驾驶执照,类似地该信息也同样要编码到计算机系统中用于存储。
智能护照可以是在美国的外国人也可获得的文件,包括那些有“绿卡”并允许在美国工作的常住外国人,以及那些因商务或度假旅行的外国人。当外国旅行者进入这个国家在进行入境检查的时候,要扫描智能护照。海关官员可完全访问旅行者的在该智能护照上可用的有关背景信息。作为进入过程的一部分,外国旅行者要在生物板上输入生物指纹。在进入点采集的生物指纹与存储在数据库中的指纹相比较以保证进入这个国家的个体确实是申请接受该智能护照的个体。
旅行者必须声明入境逗留的时间有多长,以返程票和与运输公司数据库的连接为证。这使得海关官员再一次实时验证离开的日期和预期的口岸。当该个体结束逗留并通过机场、港口或边境关口离开,再采集相应的信息和指纹来验证要离开美国的个体确实是持有该智能护照的人。该信息提供给主数据库。通过中央计算机系统执行算法,该算法定期执行,如每天、每周等,以此查询数据库以确认预计在该天离开美国的个体确实已离开。
旅行者,尤其是商务旅行者,常常会改变计划,他们需要多逗留另外的时间。通常旅行者要做改变,运输企业也受同样的影响。本系统要求在外国旅行者发生这样改变的时候,航空公司要发送电子通知到主护照系统,以使得对旅行者数据库做更新。
本发明的另外实施例使得可与诸如银行、信用卡公司、汽车租赁公司、蜂窝电话公司等专有数据网络进行无缝隙通信,以适用于可对在美国的人员进行电子计算机化的检查。例如,通过这个人在美国的进入点和随后的商务事务、汽车租赁、航空购票等,可以识别可疑的个体。这使得各权利机构可迅速跟踪个体在美国的行动,以识别可疑分子或明确的个体。
由本发明提供的智能护照系统可以分阶段实现。第一阶段可以是在卡中结合RF信号装置。这可使得移民当局立刻跟踪个体,并当旅行者没有按期离开时会向移民局官员报警。该信号装置可使用不可取下的胶贴安装在护照上以代替这个国家目前使用的印章。该胶贴可容纳RF信号装置。
第二阶段可以是在其他国家实现智能护照。这将利用智能护照来替换所有目前的护照,该智能护照能使用信号装置并具有数字照片和生物指纹。这种转换可在更长的时间里实现,以降低成本并改正在实现中发现的问题。
如上所述,本发明还会对信用卡产业产生影响。众所周知,信用卡误用和欺诈已经在这个国家成为严重问题,每年因欺诈性购买所造成的损失大约有25亿美元。
前面引述的由本发明的受让人拥有的同时提交的相伴申请中还公开并请求保护了一种系统与方法,用于在货物跟踪以及在机构内的安全性跟踪。本发明的系统和方法可同这些其他系统保持一致,以提供全美国范围内的人员、货物以及机构的全谱系安全性。
智能护照与美国人相关联的时候会包含上面所列的信息以及其他的身份识别信息,如指纹。智能护照ID卡可发放给新生儿的父母,并且把有关新生儿的数据输入到主数据库。这样的数据可包括姓名、出生日期、医院、父母姓名和地址、社会安全号、以及任何其他的身份识别信息。类似的,可以更新ID卡以包括该个人进入的学校名称和地址。大学记录、毕业日期以及其他学校信息也可以包含在卡数据库中。随着该个人长大并开始新的事业,可更新相关的信息。例如,当该个人获得驾驶证、参军服兵役、获得枪支持有许可等,所有这些信息都可更新,或更新卡上的表示,或至少返至系统主数据库。
参见图6至图15,通过不同的算法示出了本发明系统的操作。身份识别系统的操作包括不同的阶段,在各阶段执行不同的功能,这些功能的总和用于确定人的身份。特别参见图6,其中描述了个人旅行进入机场或诸如边境站的检查点的过程。已经向该旅行者提供了电子身份识别(“智能ID”),其使用诸如“智能卡”或类似装置的电子存储技术。发放该智能ID卡用作护照,并且它包含电子方式存储的如普通护照中所含有的类似信息。该智能ID还包括:一个或多个按电子可读但不可擦除的方式存储的数字照片;按电子可读但不可擦除的方式存储的生物指纹;其他生物数据(如视网膜扫描数据);具有发射和接收能力和类似传送/接收装置的信号装置(如RF);以及本领域公知的相同数据存储和传输装置。该智能ID按不可擦除的方式(除非授权的用户)来发放,并可对篡改进行检查。防篡改的已知技术包括全息印制和编码。设计RF信号装置可与位于边境终端的由授权人员操作的读/写设备通信。
理想的情况下,所有国家都发放与此一致的智能ID。在没有实现这种状况的情况下,旅行者在进入一个使用本发明的国家时需要在检查点和边境滞留,同时须建立智能ID和基本信息描述。进入机场检查点的带有智能ID的旅行者将启动登记过程50。在登记过程50中,旅行者在登记步骤52进行登记,并在指纹步骤54提供生物指纹(优选通过扫描他的卡)。该旅行者还可以或另外在人脸扫描步骤56提交人脸识别测试。在检查步骤58,在检查点所获取的数据(“实时数据”)同相应的航空数据库的数据做比较,和/或同智能卡发放时的地方所输入的数据做比较,以及同包含在该智能ID存储区中的相应数据做比较。在确认步骤60确认该数据。另外,人脸识别数据与通过其他装置输入的其他数据或链接到其他网络的数据做比较,例如已知具有安全风险的人员的名单,其数据可用来做比较。这样的比较保证了该旅行者确实代表了其真实身份。从指纹步骤54,查询62做比较。从人脸扫描步骤56,查询64做另外的比较。如果其中的比较表明该旅行者属于应扣留人员的名单,或者信息不匹配并怀疑造假,读取并比较数据的系统将在步骤66自动报警。安全机构可据此扣留该旅行者。如果没有指示这样的报警,如果需要,可在继续步骤70通过执行各种另外的检查来继续该过程。这种另外的检查包括但不限于由司法机构或其他授权的政府机构所做的情报监控(Intelligence watch)。
在该过程的这一点,在检查点下载的智能ID可用于在存取步骤72来存取用于航空购票和旅行行程的数据。在存取步骤72,如果政府机构或其他官方机构想监视旅行者的活动,包括该旅行者是否在该旅行行程中所指示的预定时间和地点离开该国家,就可以这样做。如果不是这样,可自动激活报警。在存取步骤72,在汇编步骤74合并和汇编指纹数据和其他数据。
另外,参见图7,智能ID可链接到其他数据库(在80示出),以分析可指示非法的和威胁状况的活动。这样的数据库80包括但不限于监控名单81、社会安全(以及就业历史)数据库82、银行数据库84、汽车租赁数据库86、电话使用数据库88、犯罪历史数据库89、信用卡使用数据库90、移民局签证数据库91、武器购买和登记数据库92、旅行历史93、医疗记录94等。
执行查询100,并且如果上述任何比较指示了已编程的报警事件,该系统在报警步骤102自动向官方报警,并可扣留该旅行者。否则,在汇编步骤104汇编数据,可执行威胁/风险分析步骤106,并且可执行查询108以检查该旅行者是否属于威胁和安全风险。如果认为该旅行者属于威胁和风险,再执行报警步骤102。否则,该旅行者可进到安全检查步骤110。在检测步骤112可通过金属检查站来扫描智能ID,在指纹扫描步骤114采集生物指纹,以及执行查询116以确认该旅行者的身份。如果没有确认该旅行者的身份,则在步骤122扣留该旅行者向官方报警。如果该身份是有效的,该旅行者在继续步骤124进到登机门。在继续步骤124,重新扫描指纹和智能ID,并执行查询126以确定该ID是否有效。如果该ID不是有效的,扣留该旅行者并在步骤122向官方报警。如果ID是有效的,则旅行者在登机步骤128登机。
参见图8,当非本国公民旅行者从这个国家离开,在离境点再次扫描智能ID并执行上述同样的验证步骤以证明该旅行者的身份。在跟踪步骤130,监视并记录外国游客的旅行。执行查询132以确定该游客是否按计划离境以及该游客是否具有批准的旅行行程和签证。该系统把实际的离境日期与入境时所输入的填报旅行行程做比较。还可执行其他的比较,扫描诸如银行、电话使用、信用卡、租用等可拼合起来的活动,以反映该旅行者的活动和所去的地方。如果该比较是正常的,则在登记步骤134登记所有监视的数据。如果任何比较产生已编程的差异并指示应该报警,则在报警步骤136自动产生报警,由此向官方报警,以便在该旅行者离境之前将其扣留。然后在搜索步骤138可启动对该旅行者的搜索。从搜索步骤138,执行查询140以确定是否存在任何已存在搜索的数据源上的匹配。如果这些比较核实无误,则准许该旅行者离境,并且其身份的状态在该系统中改变到非监控模式。
当本国公民从国际旅行中归来,如图9所示,在离境的国际检查点,该旅行者出示智能ID,以通过上述的生物和数字人脸和指纹装置来验证其身份。执行查询150以确定该旅行者是否具有智能ID或类似的装置。如果该旅行者没有,在验证步骤152手工验证其身份,并拍摄该旅行者的照片,在存储步骤154将其数字照片和其他数据存储到他的卡上,并且在信号装置应用步骤156应用信号装置(如果可用)。这样在更新步骤158重新发放了更新的护照,并发给该旅行者。如果该旅行者具有智能ID,在检查步骤160检查该旅行者。从检查步骤160或从更新步骤158,执行查询162以验证该旅行者的身份。如果不能验证该身份,或者如果存在差异,在报警步骤164向官方报警。如果不存在差异并可验证该旅行者,在发放步骤166向旅行者发放登机牌。在登机时间,再次获取生物扫描数据(在扫描步骤168),以便再次与智能ID和座位号做比较。然后,该旅行者在登机步骤170登上返回其国家的飞机。
如图10所示,该系统可用于国内旅行,其中旅行者在登机点使用智能ID及其存储的生物和其他数据来证明身份。这样,在步骤180按照上述的身份识别过程来执行。如果不按照该过程执行,执行查询182以确定该旅行者是否具有智能ID或可使用RF信号装置的护照。如果该旅行者有,则在其登机之前在扫描步骤184扫描该ID。而且,还在该点采集生物指纹数据。在验证步骤186验证旅行者的身份,并执行查询190以确定该身份是否有效。如果该身份是有效的,允许该旅行者在登机步骤192登机。如果该身份不是有效的,则在报警步骤194扣留该个体并通知官方。任何没有智能ID的旅行者可在其传统的护照上附加微片。
参见图11和图12,将说明使用类似的技术和方法向外国游客发放和处理旅游签证。起初,“智能签证”信息和数据与存储在数据库中的数据比较,该数据库通过计算机网络链接在该游客的国家和其要去旅行的国家之间。该数据通过网络在当地使领馆处理和存储。在图11中,初次入境的外国游客在申请步骤200通过在该游客国家的美国使领馆申请进入美国。在检查步骤202,美国使领馆与所在国协调进行背景调查。查询204确定该背景调查是否满足可接受的安全等级。如果确定该游客不满足进入美国的标准,则在驳回步骤206驳回该游客的进入申请,并在通知步骤208通知他的国家。另一方面,如果确定该游客满足进入美国的标准,在获取步骤210,该游客向美国使领馆报告以获取他的智能签证。在会晤步骤212完成询问以明确该游客的行程和美国联系人,并采集有关的生物数据和照片。然后在发放步骤214编制智能签证并发放给该游客。
在图12中,该游客在定票步骤220预定可用的运输公司的机票。提交带有有关行程的智能签证,如果是可接受的,在更新步骤222更新游客的签证。然后执行查询224以确定对于当前的行程是否需要签证。如果不需要签证,在登记步骤226该游客提供智能签证,并且发给机票,并把该游客的行程登记到系统中。如果需要签证,则该游客在申请步骤228申请更新的签证。执行查询230以确定美国使领馆是否批准该签证。如果该签证还没有被批准,在否决步骤232否决该旅行并且不发给机票。如果已经批准该签证,则在发放步骤234以电子方式发放签证,登记有关的信息并通知该游客。在购票步骤236,该游客提供智能签证,发给其机票,把行程登记到适当数据库中。
图13的流程图详细示出了向本地公民(在本例中是美国公民)发放新“智能护照”或其更新的过程。首先,实现类似前面参照“智能ID”所述的数据和用于获取和存储该数据的装置,然后代替传统的护照使用智能护照。在该过程中,旅行者在提交步骤300提交由美国国务院审阅的申请。在检查步骤302,进行适当的背景检查。然后执行查询304以确定该背景检查是否满足可接受的已建立标准。如果不满足可接受的已建立标准,则在拒绝步骤306拒绝该申请。如果该背景检查满足可接受的已建立标准,则在通知步骤310向该旅行者指出他的智能护照可以在指定的部门得到。然后旅行者到指定的部门,在那里他在步骤312进行生物指纹和照片的采集。在汇编步骤314汇编智能护照,使其包含有关的信息以及结合到其中的任何检测装置。检测装置信息链接到数据库。然后在发放步骤316把智能护照发给该旅行者。
图14的流程图详细示出了利用微片翻新已有的护照。在政策改变步骤400要求护照持有者把RF信号装置添加到他当前的护照。可给出选项402,以设置是在美国邮局做这种改变或是在其他指定的位置做这种改变。在向指定的位置报告之后,执行步骤404,其中要对护照持有者进行照片和生物指纹的采集,存储在数据库中,并结合到RF信号装置中。然后在安装步骤406把RF信号装置如邮票和胶贴那样安装。优选地,安装这种邮票或胶贴使得不可从护照上取下。然后该信号装置链接到用于该申请人(护照持有者)的数据库记录。在重新发放步骤408,把更新的护照发给护照持有者。
图15的流程图描述了依据本发明的发放“国家ID”的过程。国家ID基本上同上述的智能ID相同,可发放给所有公民,公民使用社会安全号作为众多识别符中的一种。另外的识别符包括数字生物数据如指纹、人脸识别等。在国家ID的发放中,执行查询500以明确该个人是否具有社会安全号。如果该人没有社会安全号,执行发放步骤502,其中发放在具有RF信号装置的ID卡上的社会安全号。然后在指纹步骤504采集该个人的生物指纹,然后在存储步骤506把该指纹和社会安全号存储到RF信号装置中,然后在发放步骤508发放作为国家ID卡的卡。除了指纹步骤504,还可在照相步骤514采集个人的照片。可以在更新步骤516阶段性地更新照片,例如每五年更新一次(对儿童可做更频繁的更新)。如果该个人具有社会安全号,在组合步骤510把国家ID与智能护照组合。而且,可安排所有的美国公民在安排步骤512获得新的国家ID,在该ID的RF信号装置中包含有生物指纹和社会安全号数据。在任何情况下,当至少获得有关信息,则在发放步骤518发放国家ID。
尽管参照其详细的实施例示出并说明了本发明,本领域的普通技术人员应该理解,在不脱离本发明范围的前提下,可以做各种改变,其要素可由等价物来替换。例如,这里使用的“个体”除了人之外还可定义成包括任何具有唯一身份识别的东西。另外,在不脱离本发明的基本范围的前提下,可对本发明的教导做修改以适用于特定的情形和材料。因此,本发明不限制在上面详细说明的具体实施例,而是本发明包括在权利要求书所述范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于提供安全和唯一身份识别的设备,所述身份识别设备包括:
用于接收电磁数据信号的装置,所述信号具有多个编码段,对应于选择的识别参数值;
用于在多个数据字段的相应一个中按电磁方式存储所述数据信号的装置,所述数据字段包括识别符字段和旅行字段,该识别符字段适于接收唯一识别个体的信号,该旅行字段适于接收对应于有关所述个体从第一位置到第二位置移动的参数数据的信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述识别符字段包括基本字母数字字段和生物字段,该基本字母数字字段用于记录对应于字母数字识别符数据的字母数字数据,该生物字段用于记录对应于生物识别符数据的信息。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述与旅行有关的字段还进一步包括:安全护照字段,用于接收对应于政府护照数据的信号;以及可读写旅行字段,适于接收用于在特定地理位置识别个体到达的信号。
4.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述基本字母数字字段适于接收对应于个体的名称、地址以及政府所发放识别数据的信号。
5.如权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述生物字段适于接收对应于个体指纹的信号。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述旅行字段适于接收对应于进入某个国家的日期和口岸以及离开某个国家的日期和口岸的信号。
7.一种用于跟踪和识别个体的系统,所述系统包括:
电磁身份识别设备,具有多个数据字段,每个所述数据字段适于接收唯一识别个体的信号;
写入器,用于把所述身份识别信号编码到所述电磁身份识别设备数据字段;
控制器,用于接收编码在所述电磁身份识别设备上的用于唯一识别个体的信号,并把所述个体身份识别信号存储在主数据库存储设备;以及
读取器,适于查询存储在所述电磁身份识别设备上的唯一个体身份识别信号,并与所述控制器通信,以便把存储在所述主数据库存储设备上的相应个体身份识别信号与从所述电磁身份识别设备接收的信号进行比较,并且当所述比较表现出差异的时候产生报警信号。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述写入器还进一步包括用于选择所述电磁身份识别设备的可写数据字段的装置,并只在其中记录信号。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述电磁身份识别设备进一步包括多个相区别的字段,其中的每个适于接收对应于字母数字身份识别数据、生物身份识别数据、护照数据以及表示该个体进入一个国家和离开该国家的数据的信号。
10.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述写入器还包括用于在所述字母数字字段中增加数据的装置。
11.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述控制器还包括用于检查所存储的表示被安排在选定日期离开口岸的个体的信号的内容的装置,并且在所述选定的日期之后,该装置把所述信号与对应于实际记录的要在所述选定日期离开所述出境口岸的个体的信号做比较,并且当在安排离开所述口岸的个体与所记录的离开所述口岸的个体之间发现差异时,则从其中产生报警信号。
12.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述控制器还包括从位于所选择口岸的读取器接收多组身份识别信号的装置,所述接收的读取器信号对应于在选定的时段进入该口岸的个体,以及信号对应于在选定的时段离开所述口岸的个体。
13.如权利要求7所述的系统,还进一步包括电磁读写设备,该设备适于同多个对应于特定个体组的电磁身份识别设备通信;
所述读写设备包括用于查询所述电磁身份识别设备上的数据字段并记录识别每个个体的信号的装置;以及
用于转发在所述主数据库存储设备上的所述记录的个体信号的装置,其包括写入设备,用来对每个离开口岸的个体把对应于该日期和口岸的数据和信号编码在电磁身份识别设备上。
14.如权利要求7所述的电磁身份识别设备,还进一步包括可由非政府实体访问的数据字段。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述电磁身份识别设备包括RFID标签。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统,其中所述RFID标签是具有直到13英尺范围的有源标签,并以大约915MHz来工作。
17.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述读取器包括Intermec IP3便携读取器平台。
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