CN107567311A - 信号和定位在可旋转的轴上的功率通信系统 - Google Patents
信号和定位在可旋转的轴上的功率通信系统 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
- A61B2017/00389—Button or wheel for performing multiple functions, e.g. rotation of shaft and end effector
- A61B2017/00393—Button or wheel for performing multiple functions, e.g. rotation of shaft and end effector with means for switching between functions
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
- A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/0046—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
- A61B2017/00464—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable for use with different instruments
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
- A61B2017/07285—Stapler heads characterised by its cutter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B17/2909—Handles
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
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- A61B2017/2927—Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/0803—Counting the number of times an instrument is used
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种外科器械组件,所述外科器械组件包括:柄部,所述柄部包括电动马达;轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;以及磁体,所述磁体被构造成能够产生磁场。所述外科器械组件还包括:(一)可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述电动马达和所述驱动构件可操作地联接;和(二)线圈,所述线圈缠绕在所述输出轴上,所述绕圈定位在所述磁场中。当所述输出轴围绕纵向轴线旋转时,所述线圈在所述磁场内旋转,以在所述线圈中感应电流。所述外科器械组件还包括:应变仪,所述应变仪安装到所述输出轴,所述应变仪被构造成能够检测在所述输出轴内产生的应变;以及,此外,电路,所述电路安装到所述输出轴,其中所述电路和/或所述应变仪由在所述线圈中感应的所述电流供电。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及外科器械,并且在各种实施方案中,涉及外科缝合和切割器械以及与其一起使用的钉仓。
缝合器械可包括一对协同工作的细长钳口构件,其中每个钳口构件能够适于插入患者体内并且相对于待缝合和/或切入的组织定位。在各种实施方案中,钳口构件中的一者可支撑其中容纳有至少两个侧向地间隔开的钉排的钉仓,并且另一个钳口构件可支撑具有与钉仓中的钉排对准的钉成形凹坑的砧座。一般来讲,缝合器械还可包括推杆和刀片,所述推杆和刀片可相对于钳口构件滑动以通过推杆上的凸轮表面和/或由推杆推压的楔形滑动件上的凸轮表面将钉从钉仓中依次射出。在至少一个实施方案中,凸轮表面可被构造成能够启动由仓承载并与钉相关联的多个钉驱动器,以便将钉推压贴靠砧座并且在夹持于钳口构件之间的组织中形成侧向隔开的变形钉排。在至少一个实施方案中,刀片可跟随凸轮表面并且沿着钉排之间的路线切割组织。
上述讨论仅是为了举例说明本发明的领域中相关技术目前的每个方面,而不应当视为对权利要求范围的否定。
附图说明
本文所述的实施方案的各种特征结构及其优点可结合如下附图根据以下描述来加以理解:
图1为具有可操作地联接到其的可互换轴组件的外科器械的透视图;
图2为图1的可互换轴组件和外科器械的分解组件视图;
图3为示出图1和图2的可互换轴组件和外科器械的多个部分的另一个分解组件视图;
图4为图1至图3的外科器械的一部分的分解组件视图;
图5为图4的外科器械的一部分的横截面侧视图,其中击发触发器处于完全致动位置;
图6为图5的外科器械的一部分的另一个横截面视图,其中击发触发器处于未致动位置;
图7为可互换轴组件的一种形式的分解组件视图;
图8为图7的可互换轴组件的多个部分的另一个分解组件视图;
图9为图7和图8的可互换轴组件的多个部分的另一个分解组件视图;
图10为图7至图9的可互换轴组件的一部分的横截面视图;
图11为图7至图10的轴组件的一部分的透视图,其中为清楚起见,已省去开关鼓;
图12为其上安装有开关鼓的图11所示可互换轴组件部分的另一个透视图;
图13为可操作地联接到图1的外科器械的一部分的图11所示可互换轴组件的一部分的透视图,图中示出外科器械的闭合触发器处于未致动位置;
图14为图13的可互换轴组件和外科器械的右侧正视图;
图15为图13和图14的可互换轴组件和外科器械的左侧正视图;
图16为可操作地联接到图1的外科器械的一部分的图11所示可互换轴组件的一部分的透视图,图中示出外科器械的闭合触发器处于致动位置,而其击发触发器处于未致动位置;
图17为图16的可互换轴组件和外科器械的右侧正视图;
图18为图16和图17的可互换轴组件和外科器械的左侧正视图;
图18A为可操作地联接到图1的外科器械的一部分的图11所示可互换轴组件的右侧正视图,图中示出外科器械的闭合触发器处于致动位置,并且其击发触发器也处于致动位置;
图19为用于当轴组件未联接到外科器械柄部的电连接器时使电连接器掉电的系统的示意图;
图20为图1的外科器械的端部执行器的一个方面的分解图;
图21A至图21B为横跨两张图纸的图1的外科器械的电路图;
图22示出了功率组件的一个实例,该功率组件包括被构造成能够生成电池组的使用循环计数的使用循环电路;
图23示出了用于顺序地对分段电路通电的过程的一个方面;
图24示出了功率段的一个方面,该功率段包括多个菊花链式功率转换器;
图25示出了分段电路的一个方面,该分段电路被构造成能够使可用于关键功能和/或功率密集功能的功率最大化;
图26示出了功率系统的一个方面,该功率系统包括被构造成能够顺序地通电的多个菊花链式功率转换器;
图27示出了包括隔离控制节段的分段电路的一个方面;
图28(该图被分成图28A和图28B)为图1的外科器械的电路图;
图29为图1的外科器械的框图,示出了柄部组件14和功率组件之间、以及柄部组件14和可互换轴组件之间的接口;
图30示出了根据至少一个实施方案的包括马达的外科器械系统,该马达包括轴、齿轮系、可操作地联接到马达轴的输出轴、以及安装到马达轴的发电装置;以及
图31示出了图30的马达轴,该马达轴包括应变仪和用于将信息从马达轴(即,旋转平面)传输到安装到马达轴的固定平面的装置以及此外用于解译从马达轴传输的信息的装置。
在所有若干视图中,对应的参考符号指示对应的部件。本文所述的范例以一种形式示出了本发明的各种实施方案,并且此类范例不应被解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本申请的申请人拥有与本申请同日提交的下列专利申请,这些专利申请各自全文以引用方式并入本文:
-名称为“POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/640746;代理人案卷号END7556USNP/140481;
-名称为“MULTIPLE LEVEL THRESHOLDS TO MODIFY OPERATION OF POWEREDSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/640795;代理人案卷号END7552USNP/140477;
-名称为“ADAPTIVE TISSUE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES TO ADJUST CLOSURERATES FOR MULTIPLE TISSUE TYPES”的美国专利申请序列号14/640832;代理人案卷号END7557USNP/140482;
-名称为“OVERLAID MULTI SENSOR RADIO FREQUENCY(RF)ELECTRODE SYSTEM TOMEASURE TISSUE COMPRESSION”的美国专利申请序列号14/640935;代理人案卷号END7562USNP/140487;
-名称为“MONITORING SPEED CONTROL AND PRECISION INCREMENTING OF MOTORFOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/640931;代理人案卷号END7549USNP/140474;
-名称为“TIME DEPENDENT EVALUATION OF SENSOR DATA TO DETERMINESTABILITY,CREEP,AND VISCOELASTIC ELEMENTS OF MEASURES”的美国专利申请序列号14/640859;代理人案卷号END7559USNP/140484;
-名称为“INTERACTIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/640817;代理人案卷号END7555USNP/140480;
-名称为“CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND SUB-PROCESSOR CONTAINED WITHIN MODULARSHAFT WITH SELECT CONTROL PROCESSING FROM HANDLE”的美国专利申请序列号14/640844;代理人案卷号END7540USNP/140465;
-名称为“SMART SENSORS WITH LOCAL SIGNAL PROCESSING”的美国专利申请序列号14/640837;代理人案卷号END7538USNP/140463;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A LOCKABLE BATTERY HOUSING”的美国专利申请序列号14/640780;代理人案卷号END7548USNP/140473;以及
-名称为“SYSTEM FOR DETECTING THE MIS-INSERTION OF A STAPLE CARTRIDGEINTO A SURGICAL STAPLER”的美国专利申请序列号14/640765;代理人案卷号END7546USNP/140471。
本申请的申请人拥有提交于2015年2月27日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INSPECTION STATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,576;
-名称为“SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO ASSESS WHETHER A PERFORMANCEPARAMETER OF THE SURGICAL APPARATUS IS WITHIN AN ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE BAND”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,546;
-名称为“SURGICAL CHARGING SYSTEM THAT CHARGES AND/OR CONDITIONS ONEOR MORE BATTERIES”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,576;
-名称为“CHARGING SYSTEM THAT ENABLES EMERGENCY RESOLUTIONS FORCHARGING A BATTERY”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,566;
-名称为“SYSTEM FOR MONITORING WHETHER A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT NEEDS TOBE SERVICED”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,555;
-名称为“REINFORCED BATTERY FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,542;
-名称为“POWER ADAPTER FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,548;
-名称为“ADAPTABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,526;
-名称为“MODULAR STAPLING ASSEMBLY”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,541;和
-名称为“SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO TRACK AN END-OF-LIFEPARAMETER”的美国专利申请序列号14/633,562。
本申请的申请人拥有提交于2014年12月18日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATABLE ENDEFFECTOR AND MEANS FOR ADJUSTING THE FIRING STROKE OF A FIRING”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,478;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING LOCKABLE SYSTEMS”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,483;
-名称为“DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,139;
-名称为“LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES WITHARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTORS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,148;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH AN ANVIL THAT IS SELECTIVELY MOVABLEABOUT A DISCRETE NON-MOVABLE AXIS RELATIVE TO A STAPLE CARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,130;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH IMPROVED CLOSURE ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,143;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS ANDMOVABLE FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,117;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS ANDIMPROVED FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/575,154;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FLEXIBLEARTICULATION SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,493;和
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKABLEARTICULATION SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/574,500。
本申请的申请人拥有提交于2013年3月1日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“Articulatable Surgical Instruments With Conductive PathwaysFor Signal Communication”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,295,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246471;
-名称为“Rotary Powered Articulation Joints For Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,323,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246472;
-名称为“Thumbwheel Switch Arrangements For Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,338,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0249557;
-名称为“Electromechanical Surgical Device with Signal RelayArrangement”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,499,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246474;
-名称为“Multiple Processor Motor Control for Modular SurgicalInstruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,460,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246478;
-名称为“Joystick Switch Assemblies For Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,358,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246477;
-名称为“Sensor Straightened End Effector During Removal ThroughTrocar”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,481,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246479;
-名称为“Control Methods for Surgical Instruments with RemovableImplement Portions”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,518,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246475;
-名称为“Rotary Powered Surgical Instruments With Multiple Degrees ofFreedom”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,375,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246473;以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SOFT STOP”的美国专利申请序列号13/782,536,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0246476。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2013年3月14日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,097,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263542;
-名称为“CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR A DRIVE MEMBER OF A SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,193,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263537;
-名称为“INTERCHANGEABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES FOR USE WITH A SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,053,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263564;
-名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATIONLOCK”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,086,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541;
-名称为“SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE POSITIONING SYSTEM FORSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,210,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263538;
-名称为“MULTI-FUNCTION MOTOR FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,148,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263554;
-名称为“DRIVE SYSTEM LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,066,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263565;
-名称为“ARTICULATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,117,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263553;
-名称为“DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,130,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263543;以及
-名称为“METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,159,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0277017。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年3月7日并且全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/200,111,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263539。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年3月26日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“POWER MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,106;
-名称为“STERILIZATION VERIFICATION CIRCUIT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,099;
-名称为“VERIFICATION OF NUMBER OF BATTERY EXCHANGES/PROCEDURE COUNT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,094;
-名称为“POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SLEEP OPTIONS OF SEGMENTED CIRCUITAND WAKE UP CONTROL”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,117;
-名称为“MODULAR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH DETACHABLE SHAFTASSEMBLIES”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,075;
-名称为“FEEDBACK ALGORITHMS FOR MANUAL BAILOUT SYSTEMS FOR SURGICALINSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,093;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT UTILIZING SENSOR ADAPTATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,116;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL CIRCUIT HAVING A SAFETYPROCESSOR”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,071;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,097;
-名称为“INTERFACE SYSTEMS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,126;
-名称为“MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,133;
-名称为“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A SEGMENTED CIRCUIT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,081;
-名称为“POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND VARIABLEVOLTAGE PROTECTION”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,076;
-名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,111;以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A ROTATABLE SHAFT”的美国专利申请序列号14/226,125。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年9月5日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“CIRCUITRY AND SENSORS FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,103;
-名称为“ADJUNCT WITH INTEGRATED SENSORS TO QUANTIFY TISSUECOMPRESSION”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,119;
-名称为“MONITORING DEVICE DEGRADATION BASED ON COMPONENT EVALUATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/478,908;
-名称为“MULTIPLE SENSORS WITH ONE SENSOR AFFECTING A SECOND SENSOR'SOUTPUT OR INTERPRETATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/478,895;
-名称为“USE OF POLARITY OF HALL MAGNET DETECTION TO DETECT MISLOADEDCARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,110;
-名称为“SMART CARTRIDGE WAKE UP OPERATION AND DATA RETENTION”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,098;
-名称为“MULTIPLE MOTOR CONTROL FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,115;以及
-名称为“LOCAL DISPLAY OF TISSUE PARAMETER STABILIZATION”的美国专利申请序列号14/479,108。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2014年4月9日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKABLE DUAL DRIVESHAFTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,590,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305987;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CLOSING DRIVE AND A FIRINGDRIVE OPERATED FROM THE SAME ROTATABLE OUTPUT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,581,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305989;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SHAFT INCLUDING SWITCHES FOR CONTROLLINGTHE OPERATION OF THE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,595,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305988;
-名称为“POWERED LINEAR SURGICAL STAPLER”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,588,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0309666;
-名称为“TRANSMISSION ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,591,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305991;
-名称为“MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ALIGNMENTFEATURES FOR ALIGNING ROTARY DRIVE SHAFTS WITH SURGICAL END EFFECTOR SHAFTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,584,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305994;
-名称为“POWERED SURGICAL STAPLER”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,587,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0309665;
-名称为“DRIVE SYSTEM DECOUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICALINSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,586,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305990;以及
-名称为“MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH STATUSINDICATION ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号14/248,607,现为美国专利申请公布2014/0305992。
本申请的申请人还拥有提交于2013年4月16日并且各自全文以引用方式并入本文的以下专利申请:
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY ASINGLE MOTOR”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,365;
-名称为“LINEAR CUTTER WITH POWER”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,376;
-名称为“LINEAR CUTTER WITH MOTOR AND PISTOL GRIP”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,382;
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE WITH MULTIPLE ACTUATION MOTORS ANDMOTOR CONTROL”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,385;以及
-名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY ASINGLE MOTOR”的美国临时专利申请序列号61/812,372。
本文列出了许多具体细节,以提供对说明书中所述和附图中所示的实施方案的整体结构、功能、制造和用途的透彻理解。未详细阐述熟知的操作、部件和元件,以免使说明书中所描述的实施方案晦涩。读者将会理解,本文所述和所示的实施方案为非限制性示例,从而可认识到,本文所公开的特定结构和功能细节可为代表性和示例性的。在不脱离权利要求的范围的情况下可对这些实施方案进行变型和改变。
术语“包括(comprise)”(以及任何形式的包括(comprise),例如“包括(comprises)”和“包括(comprising)”)、“具有(have)”(以及任何形式的具有(have),例如“具有(has)”和“具有(having)”)、“包含(include)”(以及任何形式的包含(include),例如“包含(includes)”和“包含(including)”)以及“含有(contain)”(以及任何形式的含有(contain),例如“含有(contains)”和“含有(containing)”)为开放式系动词。因此,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个元件的外科系统、装置、或设备具有这些一个或多个元件,但不限于仅具有这些一个或多个元件。同样,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个特征的系统、装置、或设备的元件具有这些一个或多个特征,但不限于仅具有这些一个或多个特征。
术语“近侧”和“远侧”在本文中是相对于操纵外科器械的柄部部分的临床医生来使用的。术语“近侧”是指最靠近临床医生的部分,并且术语“远侧”是指远离临床医生定位的部分。还应当理解,为简洁和清楚起见,本文可以结合附图使用例如“垂直”、“水平”、“上”和“下”等空间术语。然而,外科器械在许多取向和位置使用,并且这些术语并非限制性和/或绝对化的。
本文提供了各种示例性装置和方法以用于执行腹腔镜式和微创外科手术。然而,读者将容易理解,本文所公开的各种方法和装置可用于许多外科手术和应用,包括例如与开放式外科手术结合。继续参阅本具体实施方式,读者将进一步理解,本文所公开的各种器械可以任何方式插入身体中,例如通过自然腔道、通过形成于组织中的切口或穿刺孔等。器械的工作部分或端部执行器部分可直接插入患者身体中或可通过具有工作通道的进入装置插入,外科器械的端部执行器和细长轴可通过所述工作通道推进。
外科缝合系统可包括轴和从轴延伸的端部执行器。端部执行器包括第一钳口和第二钳口。第一钳口包括钉仓。钉仓能够插入第一钳口并且能够从第一钳口移除;然而设想了其中钉仓不能够从第一钳口移除或至少不易于从第一钳口替换的其它实施方案。第二钳口包括被构造成能够使从钉仓射出的钉变形的砧座。第二钳口能够围绕闭合轴相对于第一钳口枢转;然而设想了其中第一钳口能够相对于第二钳口枢转的其它实施方案。外科缝合系统还包括被构造成能够允许端部执行器相对于轴旋转或进行关节运动的关节运动接头。端部执行器能够围绕延伸穿过关节运动接头的关节运动轴旋转。设想了不包括关节运动接头的其它实施方案。
钉仓包括仓体。仓体包括近侧端部、远侧端部、以及在近侧端部和远侧端部之间延伸的平台。在使用中,钉仓定位在待缝合组织的第一侧上,并且砧座定位在该组织的第二侧上。砧座朝向钉仓运动,以将组织压缩并夹持贴靠平台。然后,可移除地存储在仓体中的钉可部署到组织中。仓体包括限定于其中的钉腔,其中钉可移除地存储在钉腔中。钉腔被布置成六个纵向排。三排钉腔定位在纵向狭槽的第一侧上,并且三排钉腔定位在纵向狭槽的第二侧上。钉腔和钉的其它布置也是可以的。
钉由仓体中的钉驱动器支撑。驱动器能够在第一或非击发位置和第二或击发位置之间运动,以从钉仓射出钉。驱动器通过保持器保留在仓体中,保持器围绕仓体的底部延伸并包括被配置成能够夹持仓体以及将保持器保持至仓体的弹性构件。驱动器能够通过滑动件在其非击发位置和击发位置之间运动。滑动件能够在邻近近侧端部的近侧位置和邻近远侧端部的远侧位置之间运动。滑动件包括多个斜坡表面,该斜坡表面被构造成能够朝向砧座在驱动器下方滑动以及提升驱动器,并且钉在驱动器上受到支撑。
除上述之外,滑动件可通过击发构件朝远侧运动。击发构件被构造成能够接触滑动件并且将滑动件朝向远侧端部推压。限定于仓体中的纵向狭槽被构造成能够接收击发构件。砧座还包括被构造成能够接收击发构件的狭槽。击发构件还包括接合第一钳口的第一凸轮和接合第二钳口的第二凸轮。当击发构件朝远侧推进时,第一凸轮和第二凸轮可控制钉仓的平台与砧座之间的距离或组织间隙。击发构件还包括刀片,该刀片被构造成能够切入捕集在钉仓和砧座中间的组织。希望刀片定位成至少部分接近斜坡表面,使得钉先于刀片射出。
图1至图6示出了可再利用或不可再利用的马达驱动外科切割和紧固器械10。在所示示例中,器械10包括外壳12,该外壳12包括被构造成能够由临床医生握持、操纵并致动的柄部组件14。外壳12被构造用于可操作地附接到可互换轴组件200,该可互换轴组件上可操作地联接有外科端部执行器300,该外科端部执行器被构造成能够执行一种或多种外科任务或外科手术。继续参阅本具体实施方式,将理解,本文所公开的各种形式的可互换轴组件的各种独特和新颖的布置也可有效地与机器人控制的外科系统结合使用。因此,术语“外壳”也可涵盖机器人系统的容纳或以其他方式可操作地支撑至少一个驱动系统的外壳或类似部分,所述至少一个驱动系统被构造成能够生成并施加可用于致动本文所公开的可互换轴组件及其相应的等同物的至少一种控制动作。术语“框架”可指手持外科器械的一部分。术语“框架”也可代表机器人控制的外科器械的一部分和/或可用于可操作地控制外科器械的机器人系统的一部分。例如,本文所公开的可互换轴组件可与公开于名称为“SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241,现为美国专利申请公布US 2012/0298719中的各种机器人系统、器械、部件和方法一起使用。名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLESTAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241,现为美国专利申请公布US 2012/0298719全文以引用方式并入本文。
图1至图3中所示的外壳12结合包括端部执行器300的可互换轴组件200示出,所述端部执行器包括被构造成能够可操作地支撑其中的外科钉仓304的外科切割和紧固装置。外壳12可被构造用于与可互换轴组件结合使用,所述可互换轴组件包括能够支撑不同尺寸和类型的钉仓的端部执行器,并具有不同的轴长度、尺寸和类型等。此外,外壳12也可有效地与多种其它可互换轴组件一起使用,所述其它可互换轴组件包括被构造成能够将其它动作和形式的能量(例如,射频(RF)能量、超声能量和/或动作)施加到能够与各种外科应用和外科手术结合使用的端部执行器布置的那些组件。此外,端部执行器、轴组件、柄部、外科器械和/或外科器械系统可利用任何一种或多种合适的紧固件来紧固组织。例如,包括可移除地存储在其中的多个紧固件的紧固件仓能够可移除地插入轴组件的端部执行器中和/或附接到轴组件的端部执行器。
图1示出了具有可操作地联接到其的可互换轴组件200的外科器械10。图2和图3示出了可互换轴组件200至外壳12或柄部组件14的附接。如图4所示,柄部组件14可以包括一对可互连柄部外壳段16和18,该对柄部外壳段可通过螺钉、按扣特征结构、粘合剂等互连。在所示布置中,柄部外壳段16、18配合以形成可由临床医生握持和操纵的手枪式握把部19。如将在下文更详细地讨论,柄部组件14在其中操作地支撑多个驱动系统,该多个驱动系统被构造成能够生成各种控制动作并将其施加到可操作地附接到其的可互换轴组件的对应部分。
现在参见图4,柄部组件14还可包括可操作地支撑多个驱动系统的框架20。例如,框架20能够可操作地支撑通常标示为30的“第一”或闭合驱动系统,该“第一”或闭合驱动系统可用于将闭合和打开动作施加到可操作地附接或联接到其的可互换轴组件200。在至少一种形式中,闭合驱动系统30可包括被框架20枢转地支撑的闭合触发器32形式的致动器。更具体地,如图4所示,闭合触发器32经由销33枢转地联接到外壳14。此类布置使得闭合触发器32能够由临床医生操纵,使得当临床医生握持柄部组件14的手枪式握把部19时,闭合触发器32可容易地从启动或“未致动”位置枢转到“致动”位置并且更具体地枢转到完全压缩或完全致动位置。闭合触发器32可被弹簧或其它偏压布置(未示出)偏压到未致动位置。在各种形式中,闭合驱动系统30还包括枢转地联接到闭合触发器32的闭合连杆组件34。如图4所示,闭合连杆组件34可包括由销35枢转地联接到闭合触发器32的第一闭合连杆36和第二闭合连杆38。第二闭合连杆38在本文中也可称为“附接构件”并且包括横向附接销37。
仍然参见图4,可观察到,第一闭合连杆36可在其上具有锁定壁或锁定端39,该锁定壁或锁定端被构造成能够与枢转地联接到框架20的闭合释放组件60配合。在至少一种形式中,闭合释放组件60可包括具有在其上形成的朝远侧突起的锁定爪64的释放按钮组件62。释放按钮组件62可被释放弹簧(未示出)沿逆时针方向枢转。当临床医生将闭合触发器32从其未致动位置朝向柄部组件14的手枪式握把部19按压时,第一闭合连杆36向上枢转至某个点,其中锁定爪64落入该点中以与第一闭合连杆36上的锁定壁39保持接合,从而阻止闭合触发器32返回未致动位置。参见图18。因此,闭合释放组件60有助于将闭合触发器32锁定在完全致动位置。当临床医生期望将闭合触发器32解锁以允许其被偏压到未致动位置时,临床医生只需枢转闭合释放按钮组件62,使得锁定爪64运动成与第一闭合连杆36上的锁定壁39脱离接合。当锁定棘爪64已运动成与第一闭合连杆36脱离接合时,闭合触发器32可枢转回到未致动位置。也可采用其它闭合触发器锁定和释放布置结构。
除上述之外,图13至图15示出了处于未致动位置的闭合触发器32,该未致动位置与轴组件200的打开或松开构型相关联,在该构型中,组织可定位在轴组件200的钳口之间。图16至图18示出了处于致动位置的闭合触发器32,该致动位置与轴组件200的闭合或夹持构型相关联,在该构型中,组织被夹持在轴组件200的钳口之间。读者在将图14与图17比较之后将会知道,当闭合触发器32从其未致动位置(图14)向其致动位置(图17)运动时,闭合释放按钮62在第一位置(图14)与第二位置(图17)之间枢转。闭合释放按钮62的旋转可称为向上旋转,然而,闭合释放按钮62的至少一部分朝向电路板100旋转。参见图4,闭合释放按钮62可包括从其延伸的臂61和安装到臂61的磁性元件63,例如,永磁体。当闭合释放按钮62从其第一位置旋转到其第二位置时,磁性元件63可朝向电路板100运动。电路板100可包括被构造成能够检测磁性元件63的运动的至少一个传感器。在至少一个方面,例如,磁场传感器65可安装到电路板100的底部表面。磁场传感器65可被构造成能够检测由磁性元件63的运动引起的环磁场传感器65的磁场变化。磁场传感器65可例如与微控制器1500(图19)进行信号通信,该微控制器可确定闭合释放按钮62是处于其第一位置、其第二位置,还是/或者第一位置与第二位置之间的任何位置,该第一位置与闭合触发器32的未致动位置和端部执行器的打开构型相关联,该第二位置与闭合触发器32的致动位置和端部执行器的闭合构型相关联。
如在本公开通篇中所使用,磁场传感器可为磁场传感器、探测线圈、磁通门、光泵、核旋、超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)、霍尔效应、各向异性磁电阻、巨磁电阻、磁性隧道结、巨磁阻抗、磁致伸缩/压电复合材料、磁敏二极管、磁敏晶体管、光纤、磁光,以及基于微机电系统的磁传感器等。
在至少一种形式中,柄部组件14和框架20可以可操作地支撑在本文中称为击发驱动系统80的另一个驱动系统,该驱动系统被构造成能够将击发动作施加到附接到其的可互换轴组件的对应部分。击发驱动系统80在本文中也可称为“第二驱动系统”。击发驱动系统80可采用位于柄部组件14的手枪式握把部19中的电动马达82。在各种形式中,马达82可以是直流有刷驱动马达,其具有例如大约25,000RPM的最大转速。在其它布置中,马达可包括无刷马达、无绳马达、同步马达、步进马达、或任何其它合适的电动马达。马达82可由功率源90供电,在一种形式中,该功率源可包括可移除电源组92。如图4所示,例如,电源组92可包括近侧外壳部分94,该近侧外壳部分被构造用于附接到远侧外壳部分96。近侧外壳部分94和远侧外壳部分96被构造成能够可操作地支撑其中的多个电池98。电池98各自可包括例如锂离子(“LI”)电池或其它合适的电池。远侧外壳部分96被构造成能够以可移除方式可操作地附接到同样可操作地联接到马达82的控制电路板组件100。可使用可串联连接的多个电池98作为外科器械10的功率源。此外,功率源90可以是可替换的和/或可充电的。
如上文关于其它各种形式所概述,电动马达82可包括与齿轮减速器组件84可操作地交接的可旋转轴(未示出),该齿轮减速器组件被安装成与能够纵向运动的驱动构件120上的一组或一齿条的驱动齿122啮合接合。在使用中,功率源90所提供的电压极性可沿顺时针方向操作电动马达82,其中由电池施加给电动马达的电压极性可被反转,以便沿逆时针方向操作电动马达82。当电动马达82沿一个方向旋转时,驱动构件120将沿远侧方向“DD”被轴向地驱动。当马达82被沿相反的旋转方向驱动时,驱动构件120将沿近侧方向“PD”被轴向地驱动。柄部组件14可包括开关,该开关被构造成能够使由功率源90施加到电动马达82的极性反转。如同本文所述的其它形式一样,柄部组件14还可包括传感器,该传感器被构造成能够检测驱动构件120的位置和/或驱动构件120运动的方向。
马达82的致动可由枢转地支撑在柄部组件14上的击发触发器130控制。击发触发器130可在未致动位置和致动位置之间枢转。击发触发器130可被弹簧132或其它偏压布置结构偏压到未致动位置中,使得当临床医生释放击发触发器130时,击发触发器可被弹簧132或偏压布置结构枢转到或以其它方式返回未致动位置。在至少一种形式中,如上文所讨论,击发触发器130可定位在闭合触发器32“外侧”。在至少一种形式中,击发触发器安全按钮134可由销35枢转地安装到闭合触发器32。安全按钮134可定位在击发触发器130和闭合触发器32之间,并且具有从其突起的枢转臂136。参见图4。当闭合触发器32处于未致动位置时,安全按钮134被容纳在柄部组件14中,在此情况下,临床医生不能容易地接近安全按钮并使安全按钮在阻止击发触发器130的致动的安全位置和其中可击发击发触发器130的击发位置之间运动。当临床医生按压闭合触发器32时,安全按钮134和击发触发器130向下枢转,随后可被临床医生操纵。
如上文所讨论,柄部组件14可包括闭合触发器32和击发触发器130。参见图14至图18A,击发触发器130能够可枢转地安装到闭合触发器32。闭合触发器32可包括从其延伸的臂31,击发触发器130可围绕枢轴销33可枢转地安装到臂31。如上文所概述,当闭合触发器32从其未致动位置(图14)运动到其致动位置(图17)时,击发触发器130可向下下降。在安全按钮134已运动到其击发位置之后,主要参见图18A,可按压击发触发器130,以操作外科器械击发系统的马达。在各种实例中,柄部组件14可包括跟踪系统,例如,系统800,该跟踪系统被构造成能够确定闭合触发器32的位置和/或击发触发器130的位置。主要参照图14、图17和图18A,跟踪系统800可包括磁性元件(例如,永磁体802),该磁性元件安装到从击发触发器130延伸的臂801。跟踪系统800可包括一个或多个传感器,例如,第一磁场传感器803和第二磁场传感器804,这些传感器可被构造成能够跟踪磁体802的位置。
读者在将图14与图17比较之后将会知道,当闭合触发器32从其未致动位置运动到其致动位置时,磁体802可在与第一磁场传感器803相邻的第一位置和与第二磁场传感器804相邻的第二位置之间运动。
读者在将图17与图18A比较之后将进一步知道,当击发触发器130从未击发位置(图17)向击发位置(图18A)运动时,磁体802可相对于第二磁场传感器804运动。传感器803和804可跟踪磁体802的运动,并且可与电路板100上的微控制器进行信号通信。微控制器可利用来自第一传感器803和/或第二传感器804的数据,确定磁体802沿着预定义的路径的位置,并且微控制器可基于该位置,确定闭合触发器32是处于其未致动位置、其致动位置、还是其未致动位置和其致动位置之间的位置。相似地,微控制器可利用来自第一传感器803和/或第二传感器804的数据,确定磁体802沿着预定义的路径的位置,并且微控制器可基于该位置,确定击发触发器130是处于其未击发位置、其完全击发位置、还是其未击发位置和其完全击发位置之间的位置。
如上所述,在至少一种形式中,能够纵向运动的驱动构件120具有在其上形成的一齿条的齿122,以用于与齿轮减速器组件84的相应驱动齿轮86啮合接合。至少一种形式还包括能够手动致动的“应急”组件140,该组件被构造成能够使临床医生能够在马达82变得失能的情况下手动地缩回能够纵向运动的驱动构件120。应急组件140可包括杠杆或应急柄部组件14,该杠杆或应急柄部组件被构造成能够被手动地枢转成与同样设置在驱动构件120中的齿124棘轮接合。因此,临床医生可使用应急柄部组件14手动地缩回驱动构件120,以使驱动构件120沿近侧方向“PD”做棘轮运动。现为美国专利8,608,045的美国专利申请公布US2010/0089970公开了应急布置和同样可用于本文所公开的各种器械的其它部件、布置和系统。名称为“POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLYRETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号12/249,117(美国专利申请公布2010/0089970,现为美国专利8,608,045)据此全文以引用方式并入。
现在参见图1和图7,可互换轴组件200包括外科端部执行器300,该外科端部执行器包括被构造成能够可操作地支撑其中的钉仓304的细长通道302。端部执行器300还可包括砧座306,该砧座相对于细长通道302可枢转地支撑。可互换轴组件200还可包括关节运动接头270和关节运动锁350(图8),该关节运动锁可被构造成能够将端部执行器300相对于轴轴线SA-SA可释放地保持在期望的位置。有关端部执行器300、关节运动接头270和关节运动锁350的构造和操作的细节阐述于提交于2013年3月14日的名称为“ARTICULATABLESURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)中。提交于2013年3月14日的名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)据此以引用方式并入本文。如图7和图8所示,可互换轴组件200还可包括由喷嘴部分202和203构成的近侧外壳或喷嘴201。可互换轴组件200还可包括闭合管260,该闭合管可用于闭合和/或打开端部执行器300的砧座306。现在主要参见图8和图9,轴组件200可包括脊210,该脊可被构造成能够可固定地支撑关节运动锁350的轴框架部分212。参见图8。脊210可被构造成能够:一,可滑动地支撑其中的击发构件220;二,可滑动地支撑围绕脊210延伸的闭合管260。脊210还被构造成能够可滑动地支撑近侧关节运动驱动器230。关节运动驱动器230具有远侧端部231,该远侧端部被构造成能够可操作地接合关节运动锁350。关节运动锁350与关节运动框架352交接,该关节运动框架能够可操作地接合端部执行器框架(未示出)上的驱动销(未示出)。如所指出的那样,有关关节运动锁350和关节运动框架的操作的更多细节可见于美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)。在各种情况下,脊210可包括可旋转地支撑在底座240中的近侧端部211。在一种布置中,例如,脊210的近侧端部211具有在其上形成的螺纹214,以便通过螺纹附接到被构造成能够被支撑在底座240内的脊轴承216。参见图7。这种布置有利于将脊210可旋转地附接到底座240,使得脊210可以相对于底座240选择性地围绕轴轴线SA-SA旋转。
主要参见图7,可互换轴组件200包括闭合梭动件250,该闭合梭动件可滑动地支撑在底座240内,使得其可相对于底座240轴向运动。如图3和图7所示,闭合梭动件250包括被构造成能够附接到附接销37的一对朝近侧突起的钩252,该附接销附接到第二闭合连杆38,如将在下文更详细地讨论。闭合管260的近侧端部261联接到闭合梭动件250以用于相对于其旋转。例如,将U形连接器263插入闭合管260的近侧端部261中的环形狭槽262中,使其保留在闭合梭动件250中的竖直狭槽253内。参见图7。这种布置有助于将闭合管260附接到闭合梭动件250,以用于与闭合梭动件一起轴向行进,同时使闭合管260能够围绕轴轴线SA-SA相对于闭合梭动件250旋转。闭合弹簧268轴颈连接在闭合管260上,并且有助于沿近侧方向“PD”偏压闭合管260,从而有助于当轴组件可操作地联接到柄部组件14时将闭合触发器枢转到未致动位置中。
在至少一种形式中,可互换轴组件200还可包括关节运动接头270。然而,其它可互换轴组件可能无法进行关节运动。如图7所示,例如,关节运动接头270包括双枢轴闭合套管组件271。根据各种形式,双枢轴闭合套管组件271包括具有朝远侧突出的上柄脚273和下柄脚274的端部执行器闭合套管组件272。端部执行器闭合套管组件272包括马蹄形孔275和插片276,其用于按以引用方式并入本文的提交于2013年3月14日的名称为“ARTICULATABLESURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK”的美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)中所述的各种方式接合砧座306上的开口插片。如本文更详细地描述,当砧座306打开时,马蹄形孔275和插片276与砧座上的插片接合。上部双枢轴连杆277包括向上突出的远侧枢轴销和近侧枢轴销,这些枢轴销分别接合闭合管260上的朝近侧突出的上柄脚273中的上部远侧销孔以及朝远侧突出的上柄脚264中的上部近侧销孔。下部双枢轴连杆278包括向上突出的远侧枢轴销和近侧枢轴销,这些枢轴销分别接合朝近侧突出的下柄脚274中的下部远侧销孔以及朝远侧突出的下柄脚265中的下部近侧销孔。另外参见图8。
在使用中,闭合管260朝远侧(方向“DD”)平移,以(例如)响应于闭合触发器32的致动而闭合砧座306。通过下述方式闭合砧座306:朝远侧平移闭合管260且因此平移轴闭合套管组件272,从而使其按前述参考文献美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)中所述的方式撞击砧座360上的近侧表面。也如该参考文献所详述,通过下述方式打开砧座306:朝近侧平移闭合管260和轴闭合套管组件272,从而使插片276和马蹄形孔275接触并且推挤砧座插片以将砧座306抬起。在砧座打开位置,轴闭合管260运动到其近侧位置。
如上所述,外科器械10还可包括在美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)中更详细描述的类型和构造的关节运动锁350,该关节运动锁可被构造和操作成能够选择性地将端部执行器300锁定就位。当关节运动锁350处于其解锁状态时,这种构造使端部执行器300能够相对于轴闭合管260旋转或做关节运动。在这种解锁状态下,端部执行器300可被定位并推压贴靠例如环绕患者体内手术部位的软组织和/或骨,以使端部执行器300相对于闭合管260做关节运动。端部执行器300也可通过关节运动驱动器230相对于闭合管260做关节运动。
同样如上所述,可互换轴组件200还包括击发构件220,该击发构件被支撑以便在轴脊210内轴向行进。击发构件220包括被构造成能够附接到远侧切割部分或刀杆280的中间击发轴部分222。击发构件220在本文中也可称为“第二轴”和/或“第二轴组件”。如图8和图9所示,中间击发轴部分222可在其远侧端部中包括纵向狭槽223,该纵向狭槽可被构造成能够接收远侧刀杆280的近侧端部282上的插片284。纵向狭槽223和近侧端部282可被设定尺寸并被构造成能够允许两者间的相对运动,并且可包括滑动接头286。滑动接头286可允许击发驱动装置220的中间击发轴部分222运动,以在不运动或至少基本上不运动刀杆280的情况下,使端部执行器300做关节运动。一旦端部执行器300已被适当地取向,中间击发轴部分222就可朝远侧推进,直到纵向狭槽223的近侧侧壁接触到插片284,以便推进刀杆280并击发定位在通道302内的钉仓。如图8和图9中可进一步看到的那样,轴脊210在其中具有细长的开口或窗口213,以利于把中间击发轴部分222装配进轴框架210以及插入该轴框架中。一旦中间击发轴部分222已被插入轴框架中,顶部框架段215就可与轴框架212接合,以封闭其中的中间击发轴部分222与刀杆280。有关击发构件220的操作的进一步描述可见于美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)。
除上述之外,轴组件200可包括离合器组件400,该离合器组件可被构造成能够选择性地和可释放地将关节运动驱动器230联接到击发构件220。在一种形式中,离合器组件400包括围绕击发构件220定位的锁定衬圈或锁定套管402,其中锁定套管402可在接合位置和脱离位置之间旋转,在该接合位置,锁定套管402将关节运动驱动器360联接到击发构件220,在该脱离位置,关节运动驱动器360没有可操作地联接到击发构件200。当锁定套管402处于其接合位置时,击发构件220的远侧运动可使关节运动驱动器360朝远侧运动,并且因此,击发构件220的近侧运动可使关节运动驱动器230朝近侧运动。当锁定套管402处于其脱离位置时,击发构件220的运动不传递到关节运动驱动器230,并且因此,击发构件220可独立于关节运动驱动器230运动。在各种情况下,当击发构件220没有使关节运动驱动器230在近侧方向或远侧方向上运动时,关节运动驱动器230可被关节运动锁350保持就位。
主要参见图9,锁定套管402可包括圆柱形或至少基本上圆柱形的主体,该主体包括限定于其中的被构造成能够接收击发构件220的纵向孔403。锁定套管402可包括沿直径相反的面朝内的锁定突起404和面朝外的锁定构件406。锁定突起404可被构造成能够与击发构件220选择性地接合。更具体地,当锁定套管402处于其接合位置时,锁定突起404定位在限定于击发构件220中的驱动凹口224内,使得远侧推力和/或近侧拉力可从击发构件220传递到锁定套管402。当锁定套管402处于其接合位置时,第二锁定构件406被接收在限定于关节运动驱动器230中的驱动凹口232内,使得施加到锁定套管402的远侧推力和/或近侧拉力可传递到关节运动驱动器230。实际上,当锁定套管402处于其接合位置时,击发构件220、锁定套管402和关节运动驱动器230将一起运动。另一方面,当锁定套管402处于其脱离位置时,锁定突起404可以不定位在击发构件220的驱动凹口224内,并且因此,远侧推力和/或近侧拉力可以不从击发构件220传递到锁定套管402。因此,远侧推力和/或近侧拉力可以不传递到关节运动驱动器230。在这种情况下,击发构件220可相对于锁定套管402和近侧关节运动驱动器230朝近侧和/或朝远侧滑动。
如图8至图12所示,轴组件200还包括可旋转地接收在闭合管260上的开关鼓500。开关鼓500包括中空轴段502,该中空轴段具有在其上形成的轴凸台504,以用于将向外突起的致动销410接收在其中。在各种情况下,致动销410延伸穿过狭槽267进入设置在锁定套管402中的纵向狭槽408,以在锁定套管402与关节运动驱动器230接合时,利于该锁定套管做轴向运动。旋转扭转弹簧420被构造成能够如图10所示接合开关鼓500上的凸台504以及喷嘴外壳203的一部分,以将偏压力施加到开关鼓500。参见图5和图6,开关鼓500还可包括限定于其中的至少部分周边的开口506,这些开口可被构造成能够接收从喷嘴半部202、203延伸的周边安装架204、205,并且允许开关鼓500和近侧喷嘴201之间的相对旋转,而不是平移。如这些图所示,安装架204和205还延伸穿过闭合管260中的开口266以坐置在轴脊210中的凹陷部211中。然而,喷嘴201旋转到某个点(在该点处,安装架204、205到达它们各自的狭槽506在开关鼓500中的端部)将导致开关鼓500围绕轴轴线SA-SA的旋转。开关鼓500的旋转最终将引起致动销410的旋转以及锁定套管402在其接合位置与脱离位置之间的旋转。因此,实质上,喷嘴201可用于以在美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)中更详细描述的各种方式来使关节运动驱动系统与击发驱动系统可操作地接合和脱离接合。
也如图8至图12所示,例如,轴组件200可包括滑环组件600,该滑环组件可被构造成能够将电力传导至端部执行器300和/或从该端部执行器传导电力,并且/或者将信号传送至端部执行器300和/或从该端部执行器接收信号。滑环组件600可包括近侧连接器凸缘604和远侧连接器凸缘601,该近侧连接器凸缘安装到从底座240延伸的底座凸缘242,该远侧连接器凸缘定位在限定于轴外壳202、203中的狭槽内。近侧连接器凸缘604可包括第一面,并且远侧连接器凸缘601可包括第二面,其中第二面与第一面相邻定位,并能够相对于第一面运动。远侧连接器凸缘601可围绕轴轴线SA-SA相对于近侧连接器凸缘604旋转。近侧连接器凸缘604可包括限定于其第一面中的多个同心或至少基本上同心的导体602。连接器607可安装在连接器凸缘601的近侧侧面上,并可具有多个触件(未示出),其中每个触件对应于导体602中的一个并与其电接触。这种布置在保持近侧连接器凸缘604与远侧连接器凸缘601之间电接触的同时,允许这两个凸缘之间相对旋转。例如,近侧连接器凸缘604可包括电连接器606,该电连接器可使导体602与安装到轴底座240的轴电路板610进行信号通信。在至少一个实例中,包括多个导体的线束可在电连接器606与轴电路板610之间延伸。电连接器606可朝近侧延伸穿过限定于底盘安装凸缘242中的连接器开口243。参见图7。提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,067(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263552)全文以引用方式并入。提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,025(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263551)全文以引用方式并入。有关击滑环组件600的更多细节可见于美国专利申请序列号13/803,086(现为美国专利申请公布2014/0263541)。
如上文所讨论,轴组件200可包括近侧部分和远侧部分,该近侧部分可固定地安装到柄部组件14,该远侧部分能够围绕纵向轴线旋转。如上文所讨论,可旋转远侧轴部分可围绕滑环组件600相对于近侧部分旋转。滑环组件600的远侧连接器凸缘601可定位在可旋转的远侧轴部分内。而且,除上述之外,开关鼓500也可定位在可旋转的远侧轴部分内。当可旋转的远侧轴部分旋转时,远侧连接器凸缘601和开关鼓500可彼此同步地旋转。另外,开关鼓500可相对于远侧连接器凸缘601在第一位置与第二位置之间旋转。当开关鼓500处于其第一位置时,关节运动驱动系统可与击发驱动系统可操作地脱离接合,因此,击发驱动系统的操作可不使轴组件200的端部执行器300进行关节运动。当开关鼓500处于其第二位置时,关节运动驱动系统能够可操作地与击发驱动系统接合,因此,击发驱动系统的操作可以使轴组件200的端部执行器300做关节运动。当开关鼓500在其第一位置和其第二位置之间运动时,开关鼓500相对于远侧连接器凸缘601运动。在各种实例中,轴组件200可包括被构造成能够检测开关鼓500的位置的至少一个传感器。现在参见图11和图12,远侧连接器凸缘601可包括例如磁场传感器605,并且开关鼓500可包括磁性元件,例如永磁体505。磁场传感器605可被构造成能够检测永磁体505的位置。当开关鼓500在其第一位置和其第二位置之间旋转时,永磁体505可相对磁场传感器605运动。在各种实例中,磁场传感器605可检测当永磁体505运动时产生的磁场变化。磁场传感器605可与例如轴电路板610和/或柄部电路板100进行信号通信。基于来自磁场传感器605的信号,轴电路板610和/或柄部电路板100上的微控制器可确定关节运动驱动系统是与击发驱动系统接合还是脱离。
再次参见图3和图7,底座240包括在其上形成的至少一个、优选地两个锥形附接部分244,该锥形附接部分能够被接收在对应的燕尾形狭槽702内,这些燕尾形狭槽在框架20的远侧附接凸缘部分700内形成。每个燕尾形狭槽702可以是锥形,或换句话讲,可以略成V形,从而以坐置方式将附接部分244接收在其中。如图3和图7中可进一步看到的那样,轴附接耳状物226在中间击发轴222的近侧端部上形成。如将在下文更详细地讨论,例如,当可互换轴组件200联接到柄部组件14时,轴附接耳状物226被接收在纵向驱动构件120的远侧端部125中形成的击发轴附接支架126中。
各种轴组件采用闩锁系统710以可移除地将轴组件200联接到外壳12,并且更具体地,联接到框架20。如图7所示,例如,在至少一种形式中,闩锁系统710包括可动地联接到底座240的锁定构件或锁定轭712。在所示示例中,例如,锁定轭712为U形,其具有两个隔开的向下延伸的支脚714。支脚714各自具有在其上形成的枢轴耳状物716,这些枢轴耳状物能够被接收在底座240中形成的对应孔245中。这种布置有利于锁定轭712至底座240的枢转附接。锁定轭712可包括朝近侧突起的两个锁定耳状物714,这两个锁定耳状物被构造用于与框架20的远侧附接凸缘700中对应的锁定棘爪或沟槽704可释放地接合。参见图3。在各种形式中,锁定轭712被弹簧或偏压构件(未示出)沿近侧方向偏压。锁定轭712的致动可通过可滑动地安装在闩锁致动器组件720上的闩锁按钮722来实现,该闩锁致动器组件安装到底座240。闩锁按钮722可相对于锁定轭712沿近侧方向偏压。如将在下文更详细地讨论,锁定轭712可通过沿远侧方向偏压闩锁按钮而运动到解锁位置,这也使锁定轭712枢转成不再与框架20的远侧附接凸缘700保持接合。当锁定轭712与框架20的远侧附接凸缘700“保持接合”时,锁定耳状物716保持坐置在远侧附接凸缘700中对应的锁定棘爪或沟槽704内。
当采用包括适于切割和紧固组织的本文所述类型的端部执行器以及其他类型的端部执行器的可互换轴组件时,可能有利的是防止可互换轴组件在端部执行器致动期间不经意地从外壳脱离。例如,在使用中,临床医生可致动闭合触发器32以抓持目标组织并将其操纵至期望的位置。一旦目标组织以期望取向定位在端部执行器300内,临床医生就可完全致动闭合触发器32,以关闭砧座306并将目标组织夹持在合适位置供切割与缝合。在该实例中,第一驱动系统30已被完全致动。在目标组织已被夹持在端部执行器300中之后,可能需要防止轴组件200不经意地从外壳12脱离。闩锁系统710的一种形式被构造成能够防止这种不经意的脱离。
如可在图7中最具体所见,锁定轭712包括至少一个且优选地两个锁定钩718,所述锁定钩能够接触在闭合梭动件250上形成的对应的锁定耳状物部分256。参见图13至图15,当闭合梭动件250处于未致动位置(即,第一驱动系统30未致动并且砧座306打开)时,锁定轭712可沿远侧方向枢转,以将可互换轴组件200从外壳12解锁。当处于该位置时,锁定钩718不接触闭合梭动件250上的锁定耳状物部分256。然而,当闭合梭动件250运动到致动位置(即,第一驱动系统30被致动并且砧座306处于闭合位置)时,锁定轭712被阻止枢转到解锁位置。参见图16至图18。换句话讲,如果临床医生试图将锁定轭712枢转到解锁位置,或者例如,锁定轭712不经意地以原本可能引起其朝远侧枢转的方式受到冲撞或发生接触,则锁定轭712上的锁定钩718将接触闭合梭动件250上的锁定耳状物256,并且防止锁定轭712运动到解锁位置。
现在将参照图3描述可互换轴组件200与柄部组件14的附接。要开始联接过程,临床医生可将可互换轴组件200的底座240定位在框架20的远侧附接凸缘700上方或附近,使得底座240上形成的锥形附接部分244与框架20中的燕尾形狭槽702对准。然后临床医生可沿垂直于轴轴线SA-SA的安装轴线IA运动轴组件200,以使附接部分244坐置成与对应的燕尾形接收狭槽702“可操作地接合”。这样做时,中间击发轴222上的轴附接耳状物226也将坐置在可纵向运动的驱动构件120中的支架126中,并且第二闭合连杆38上的销37的部分将坐置在闭合轭250中对应的钩252中。本文中所使用的术语“可操作地接合”在两个部件的上下文中是指这两个部件彼此充分地接合,使得一旦向其施加致动动作,这些部件就可执行其预期行动、功能和/或工序。
如上文所讨论,可互换轴组件200的至少五个系统能够可操作地与柄部组件14的至少五个对应系统联接。第一系统可包括框架系统,该框架系统将轴组件200的框架或脊与柄部组件14的框架20联接和/或对齐。另一系统可包括闭合驱动系统30,该闭合驱动系统可将柄部组件14的闭合触发器32与轴组件200的闭合管260和砧座306可操作地连接。如上文所概述,轴组件200的闭合管附接轭250可与第二闭合连杆38上的销37接合。另一系统可包括击发驱动系统80,该击发驱动系统可将柄部组件14的击发触发器130与轴组件200的中间击发轴222可操作地连接。
如上文所概述,轴附接耳状物226可与纵向驱动构件120的支架126可操作地连接。另一系统可包括电气系统,该电气系统可用信号通知柄部组件14中的控制器(例如,微控制器)轴组件(例如,轴组件200)已与柄部组件14可操作地接合,并且/或者(二)在轴组件200和柄部组件14之间传导功率和/或通信信号。例如,轴组件200可包括可操作地安装到轴电路板610的电连接器1410。电连接器1410被构造用于与柄部控制板100上的对应的电连接器1400配合接合。有关电路系统和控制系统的更多细节可见于美国专利申请序列号13/803,086,该专利申请的完整公开内容此前以引用方式并入本文。第五系统可由用于可释放地将轴组件200锁定到柄部组件14的闩锁系统组成。
再次参见图2和图3,柄部组件14可包括电连接器1400,该电连接器包括多个电触件。现在参见图19,电连接器1400可包括例如第一触件1401a、第二触件1401b、第三触件1401c、第四触件1401d、第五触件1401e和第六触件1401f。尽管所示示例利用了六个触件,但可设想出可利用多于六个触件或少于六个触件的其它示例。
如图19所示,第一触件1401a可与晶体管1408电连通,触件1401b-1401e可与微控制器1500电连通,并且第六触件1401f可与地电连通。在某些情况下,电触件1401b-1401e中的一个或多个电触件可与微控制器1500的一个或多个输出通道电连通,并且在柄部1042处于带电状态时可通电,或具有施加到其的电压电位。在一些情况下,电触件1401b-1401e中的一个或多个电触件可与微控制器1500的一个或多个输入通道电连通,并且当柄部组件14处于带电状态时,微控制器1500可被构造成能够检测电压电位何时被施加到此类电触件。当轴组件诸如轴组件200装配到柄部组件14时,电触件1401a-1401f可不彼此连通。然而,当轴组件未装配到柄部组件14时,电连接器1400的电触件1401a-1401f可暴露,并且在一些情况下,触件1401a-1401f中的一个或多个触件可意外地布置成彼此电连通。例如,当触件1401a-1401f中的一个或多个触件接触导电材料时,可出现此类情况。例如,当发生这种情况时,微控制器1500可接收错误的输入并且/或者轴组件200可接收错误的输出。为解决这个问题,在各种情况下,当轴组件诸如轴组件200未附接到柄部组件14时,柄部组件14可不带电。
在其它情况下,当轴组件诸如轴组件200未附接到柄部1042时,柄部1042可带电。在这种情况下,例如,微控制器1500可被构造成能够忽略不计施加到与微控制器1500电连通的触件(即,触件1401b-1401e)的输入或电压电位,直到轴组件附接到柄部组件14。即使在这种情况下微控制器1500可供应有功率,以操作柄部组件14的其它功能,该柄部组件14也可处于掉电状态。在某种程度上,电连接器1400可处于掉电状态,因为施加到电触件4001b-4001e的电压电位可能不影响柄部组件14的操作。读者将会知道,即使触件1401b-1401e可处于掉电状态,但未与微控制器1500电连通的电触件1401a和1401f可处于或可不处于掉电状态。例如,无论柄部组件14是处于加电还是掉电状态,第六触件4001f可保持与地电连通。
此外,无论柄部组件14是处于加电还是掉电状态,晶体管1408和/或任何其它合适布置的晶体管诸如晶体管1410和/或开关可被构造成能够控制从功率源1404(例如,位于柄部组件14内的电池90)到第一电触件1401a的功率供应。在各种情况下,例如,当轴组件200与柄部组件14接合时,轴组件200可被构造成能够改变晶体管1408的状态。在某些情况下,除下述之外,磁场传感器1402可被构造成能够切换晶体管1410的状态,因此可切换晶体管1408的状态,最终将来自功率源1404的功率供应给第一触件1401a。这样,联接到连接器1400的功率电路和信号电路两者在轴组件未安装到柄部组件14时可被掉电,而在轴组件安装到柄部组件14时可被加电。
在各种情况下,再次参见图19,柄部组件14可包括例如磁场传感器1402,该磁场传感器可被构造成能够在轴组件联接到柄部组件14时检测轴组件诸如轴组件200上的可检测元件诸如磁性元件1407(图3)。磁场传感器1402可由功率源1406诸如电池供电,该功率源实际上可放大磁场传感器1402的检测信号,并经由图19所示的电路与微控制器1500的输入通道通信。一旦微控制器1500接收到指示轴组件已至少部分地联接到柄部组件14并因此电触件1401a-1401f不再暴露的输入,微控制器1500就可进入其正常的或加电的操作状态。在此类工作状态中,微控制器1500将对从轴组件传输到一个或多个触件1401b-1401e的信号进行评估,和/或通过处于其正常使用状态的一个或多个触件1401b-1401e将信号传输到轴组件。在各种情况下,在磁场传感器1402可检测到磁性元件1407之前,可能必须使轴组件200完全坐置。例如,虽然可利用磁场传感器1402来检测轴组件200是否存在,但也可利用任何合适系统的传感器和/或开关来检测轴组件是否已装配到柄部组件14。这样,除上述之外,联接到连接器1400的功率电路和信号电路两者在轴组件未安装到柄部组件14时可被掉电,而在轴组件安装到柄部组件14时可被加电。
在各种示例中,例如,如在本公开通篇中所使用,可采用任何合适的磁场传感器来检测轴组件是否已装配到柄部组件14。例如,用于磁场感测的技术包括霍尔效应传感器、探测线圈、磁通门、光泵、核旋、超导量子干涉仪(SQUID)、霍尔效应、各向异性磁电阻、巨磁电阻、磁性隧道结、巨磁阻抗、磁致伸缩/压电复合材料、磁敏二极管、磁敏晶体管、光纤、磁光,以及基于微机电系统的磁传感器等。
参见图19,微控制器1500通常可包括微处理器(“处理器”)和可操作地联接到该处理器的一个或多个存储器单元。处理器通过执行存储器中存储的指令码,可控制外科器械的各种部件,例如,马达、各种驱动系统和/或用户显示器。微控制器1500可使用集成和/或分立硬件元件、软件元件和/或硬件元件和软件元件两者的组合来实施。集成硬件元件的示例可包括处理器、微处理器、微控制器、集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、逻辑门、寄存器、半导体器件、芯片、微芯片、芯片组、微控制器、片上系统(SoC)和/或封装系统(SIP)。分立硬件元件的示例可包括电路和/或电路元件,例如逻辑门、场效应晶体管、双极型晶体管、电阻器、电容器、电感器和/或继电器。在某些实例中,例如,微控制器1500可包括混合电路,该混合电路在一个或多个基板上包括分立和集成电路元件或部件。
参见图19,微控制器1500可为例如可购自Texas Instruments的LM4F230H5QR。在某些实例中,Texas Instruments LM4F230H5QR为ARM Cortex-M4F处理器芯,其包括:256KB的单循环闪速存储器或其它非易失性存储器(最多至40MHZ)的片上存储器、用于使性能改善超过40MHz的预取缓冲器、32KB的单循环串行随机访问存储器(SRAM)、装载有Stellaris软件的内部只读存储器(ROM)、2KB电可擦编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、一个或多个脉宽调制(PWM)模块、一个或多个正交编码器输入(QEI)模拟、具有12个模拟输入通道的一个或多个12位模数转换器(ADC),以及易得的其它特征。可以很方便地换用其他微控制器,来与本公开联合使用。因此,本公开不应限于这一上下文。
如上文所讨论,当轴组件200未装配到或未完全装配到柄部组件14时,柄部组件14和/或轴组件200可包括被构造成能够防止或至少降低柄部电连接器1400的触件和/或轴电连接器1410的触件发生短路的可能性的系统和构型。参见图3,柄部电连接器1400可至少部分地凹陷于限定于柄部框架20中的腔体1409内。电连接器1400的六个触件1401a-1401f可完全陷入腔体1409内。这种布置可降低物体意外地接触触件1401a-1401f中的一个或多个触件的可能性。相似地,轴电连接器1410可定位在轴底座240中限定的凹陷部内,这可降低物体意外地接触轴电连接器1410的触件1411a-1411f中的一个或多个触件的可能性。参照图3所示的具体示例,轴触件1411a-1411f可包括凸形触件。在至少一个示例中,例如,每个轴触件1411a-1411f可包括从其延伸的柔性突出部,该柔性突出部可被构造成能够接合对应的柄部触件1401a-1401f。柄部触件1401a-1401f可包括凹形触件。在至少一个示例中,每个柄部触件1401a-1401f可包括例如平坦表面,轴凸形触件1401a-1401f可贴靠该平坦表面擦过或滑过,并且维持平坦表面和轴凸形触件1401a-1401f之间的导电接合。在各种实例中,将轴组件200装配到柄部组件14的方向可平行于或至少基本上平行于柄部触件1401a-1401f,使得当将轴组件200装配到柄部组件14时,轴触件1411a-1411f贴靠柄部触件1401a-1401f滑动。在各种另选示例中,柄部触件1401a-1401f可包括凸形触件,并且轴触件1411a-1411f可包括凹形触件。在某些另选示例中,柄部触件1401a-1401f和轴触件1411a-1411f可包括任何合适布置的触件。
在各种实例中,柄部组件14可包括被构造成能够至少部分地覆盖柄部电连接器1400的连接器防护件和/或被构造成能够至少部分地覆盖轴电连接器1410的连接器防护件。当轴组件未装配到、或只是部分地装配到柄部时,连接器防护件可防止、或至少降低物体意外地接触电连接器的触件的可能性。连接器防护件可以是可动的。例如,连接器防护件可在防护位置与非防护位置之间运动,在防护位置,该连接器防护件至少部分地保护连接器,在非防护位置,该连接器防护件不保护连接器,或至少为连接器提供较少保护。在至少一个示例中,连接器防护件的位置可随着轴组件装配到柄部而移置。例如,如果柄部包括柄部连接器防护件,则轴组件可随着轴组件装配到柄部而接触并移置柄部连接器防护件。相似地,如果轴组件包括轴连接器防护件,则柄部可随着轴组件装配到柄部而接触并移置轴连接器防护件。在各种实例中,例如,连接器防护件可包括门。在至少一种情况下,该门可包括倾斜表面,当门与柄部或轴接触时,该倾斜表面可有利于门沿一定方向的移置。在各种实例中,例如,连接器防护件可被平移和/或旋转。在某些实例中,连接器防护件可包括覆盖电连接器触件的至少一层膜。当轴组件装配到柄部时,该层膜可能破裂。在至少一个实例中,连接器的凸形触件可先刺透这层膜,再与定位在这层膜下方的对应触件接合。
如上所述,外科器械可包括能够选择性地使电连接器诸如电连接器1400的触件加电或激活的系统。在各种实例中,触件可在未激活状况和激活状况之间转换。在某些实例中,触件可在监控状况、去激活状况和激活状况之间转换。例如,当轴组件尚未装配到柄部组件14时,微控制器1500例如可监控触件1401a-1401f,以确定触件1401a-1401f中的一个或多个触件是否可能已经短路。微控制器1500可被构造成能够将低电压电位施加到触件1401a-1401f中的每个触件,并评估在该触件中的每个触件处是否仅存在最小电阻。这种操作状态可包括监控状况。如果在某个触件处检测到的电阻很高,或超过了阈值电阻,则微控制器1500可去激活该触件、多于一个触件,或者全部触件。这种操作状态可包括去激活状况。如上文所讨论,如果轴组件装配到柄部组件14,并被微控制器1500检测到,则微控制器1500可提高施加到触件1401a-1401f的电压电位。这种操作状态可包括激活状况。
本文所公开的各种轴组件可采用传感器和各种其他部件,所述传感器和各种其他部件需要与外壳中的控制器电连通。这些轴组件通常被构造成能够相对于外壳旋转,因此必须在两个或更多个可相对彼此旋转的部件之间设置有利于这种电连通的连接件。当采用本文所公开类型的端部执行器时,连接器构造在本质上必须相对稳固,同时还必须略微紧凑,以装配到轴组件的连接器部分中。
参见图20,示出了端部执行器300的非限制性形式。如上所述,端部执行器300可包括砧座306和钉仓304。在该非限制性示例中,砧座306联接到细长通道198。例如,孔199可限定于细长通道198中,这些孔可接收从砧座306延伸的销152并允许砧座306相对于细长通道198和钉仓304从打开位置枢转到闭合位置。此外,图20示出了被构造成能够纵向平移到端部执行器300中的击发杆172。击发杆172可由一个实心节段构成,或在各种示例中,可包括层压材料,该层压材料包括例如一叠钢板。击发杆172的远侧突出端可附接到E形梁178,该E形梁可(除了其它以外)在砧座306处于闭合位置时有助于将砧座306与定位在细长通道198中的钉仓304间隔开。E形梁178还可包括锋利切割刃182,当通过击发杆172向远侧推进E形梁178时,切割刃182可用于切断组织。在操作中,E形梁178还可致动或击发钉仓304。钉仓304可包括模塑的仓体194,该仓体保持多个钉191,所述多个钉安置在钉驱动器192上,所述钉驱动器位于相应的向上打开的钉腔195内。楔形滑动件190通过E形梁178朝远侧驱动,从而在仓托盘196上滑动,该仓托盘将可替换钉仓304的各种部件保持在一起。楔形滑动件190使钉驱动器192向上进行凸轮运动,以将钉191挤出成与砧座306变形接触,同时E形梁178的切割表面182切断夹持的组织。
除上述之外,E形梁178可包括在击发期间接合砧座306的上部销180。E形梁178还可包括中间销184和底脚186,其可接合仓体194、仓托盘196和细长通道198的各个部分。当钉仓304定位在细长通道198内时,限定于仓体194中的狭槽193可与限定于仓托盘196中的狭槽197以及限定于细长通道198中的狭槽189对齐。在使用中,E形梁178可滑动穿过对齐的狭槽193、197和189,如图20所示,其中E形梁178的底脚186可沿着狭槽189的长度接合沿着通道198的底面延伸的沟槽,中间销184可沿着纵向狭槽197的长度接合仓托盘196的顶部表面,并且上部销180可接合砧座306。在这种情况下,当击发杆172向远侧运动以从钉仓304击发钉和/或切入砧座306和钉仓304之间捕集的组织时,E形梁178可隔开或限制砧座306和钉仓304之间的相对运动。然后,击发杆172和E形梁178可向近侧回缩,从而允许砧座306打开,以释放两个缝合和切断的组织部分(未示出)。
概括地描述了外科器械10(图1至图4)之后,现在详细描述外科器械10的各种电气/电子部件。现在参见其中示出包括多个电路段2002a-2002g的分段电路2000的一个示例的图21A至图21B。包括多个电路段2002a-2002g的分段电路2000被构造成能够控制带电外科器械诸如但不限于图1至图18A中所示的外科器械10。多个电路段2002a-2002g被构造成能够控制带电外科器械10的一种或多种操作。安全处理器段2002a(段1)包括安全处理器2004。主处理器段2002b(段2)包括主处理器2006。安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006被构造成能够与一个或多个另外的电路段2002c-2002g进行交互,以控制带电外科器械10的操作。主处理器2006包括联接到例如一个或多个电路段2002c-2002g、电池2008和/或多个开关2058a-2070的多个输入装置。分段电路2000可通过任何合适的电路诸如例如带电外科器械10内的印刷电路板组件(PCBA)来实施。应当理解,本文使用的术语“处理器”包括任一种微处理器、微控制器,或者将计算机的中央处理单元(CPU)的功能结合到一个集成电路或最多几个集成电路上的其他基础计算装置。处理器是多用途的可编程装置,该装置接收数字数据作为输入,依据其存储器中存储的指令来处理输入,然后提供结果作为输出。因为处理器具有内部存储器,所以是顺序数字逻辑的示例。处理器的操作对象是以二进制数字系统表示的数字和符号。
在一个方面,主处理器2006可以是任一种单核或多核处理器,例如由TexasInstruments提供的以商品名ARM Cortex着称的那些。在一个示例中,安全处理器2004可以是包括两个基于微控制器的系列的安全微控制器平台,诸如由Texas Instruments提供的以Hercules ARM Cortex R4为商品名的TMS570和RM4x。然而,可不受限制地采用微控制器和安全处理器的其他合适的替代物。在一个示例中,安全处理器2004可专门被构造用于IEC61508和ISO 26262安全关键应用等,以在输送可扩展的性能、连通性和存储器选项时提供高级集成安全特征。
在某些实例中,主处理器2006可为例如可购自Texas Instruments的LM4F230H5QR。在至少一个示例中,Texas Instruments LM4F230H5QR为ARM Cortex-M4F处理器芯,其包括:256KB的单循环闪速存储器或其它非易失性存储器(最多至40MHZ)的片上存储器、用于使性能改善超过40MHz的预取缓冲器、32KB的单循环SRAM、装载有Stellaris软件的内部ROM、2KB的EEPROM、一个或多个PWM模块、一个或多个QEI模拟、具有12个模拟输入通道的一个或多个12位ADC,以及对于产品数据表而言易得的其它特征。可以很方便地换用其他处理器,因此,本公开不应限于这一上下文。
在一个方面,分段电路2000包括加速度段2002c(段3)。加速度段2002c包括加速度传感器2022。加速度传感器2022可包括例如加速度计。加速度传感器2022被构造成能够检测带电外科器械10的运动或加速度。在一些示例中,例如,使用来自加速度传感器2022的输入,以向/从休眠模式转变、识别带电外科器械的取向,并且/或者识别外科器械何时已被放下。在一些示例中,加速度段2002c联接到安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006。
在一个方面,分段电路2000包括显示器段2002d(段4)。显示器段2002d包括联接到主处理器2006的显示器连接器2024。显示器连接器2024通过一个或多个显示器驱动器集成电路2026将主处理器2006联接到显示器2028。显示器驱动器集成电路2026可与显示器2028集成,和/或可与显示器2028分开定位。显示器2028可包括任一种合适的显示器,例如,有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器、液晶显示器(LCD)和/或其它任何合适的显示器。在一些示例中,显示器段2002d联接到安全处理器2004。
在一些方面,分段电路2000包括轴段2002e(段5)。轴段2002e包括用于联接到外科器械10的轴2004的一个或多个控件和/或用于联接到轴2004的端部执行器2006的一个或多个控件。轴段2002e包括轴连接器2030,该轴连接器被构造成能够将主处理器2006联接到轴PCBA 2031。轴PCBA 2031包括第一关节运动开关2036、第二关节运动开关2032、和轴PCBAEEPROM2034。在一些示例中,轴PCBA EEPROM 2034包括特定于轴2004和/或轴PCBA 2031的一个或多个参数、例程和/或程序。轴PCBA 2031可联接到轴2004和/或与外科器械10是一体的。在一些示例中,轴段2002e包括第二轴EEPROM 2038。第二轴EEPROM 2038包括与可与带电外科器械10交接的一个或多个轴2004和/或端部执行器2006对应的多个算法、例程、参数、和/或其它数据。
在一些方面,分段电路2000包括位置编码器段2002f(段6)。位置编码器段2002f包括一个或多个磁性旋转位置编码器2040a-2040b。一个或多个磁性旋转位置编码器2040a-2040b被构造成能够识别外科器械10的马达2048、轴2004和/或端部执行器2006的旋转位置。在一些示例中,磁性旋转位置编码器2040a-2040b可联接到安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006。
在一些示例中,分段电路2000包括马达段2002g(段7)。马达段2002g包括马达2048,该马达被构造成能够控制带电外科器械10的一种或多种运动。马达2048通过H桥驱动器2042和一个或多个H桥场效应晶体管(FET)2044联接到主处理器2006。H桥FET 2044联接到安全处理器2004。马达电流传感器2046与马达2048串联联接,以测量马达2048的电流消耗。马达电流传感器2046与主处理器2006和/或安全处理器2004进行信号通信。在一些示例中,马达2048联接到马达电磁干扰(EMI)滤波器2050。
在一些方面,分段电路2000包括功率段2002h(段8)。电池2008联接到安全处理器2004、主处理器2006,以及另外的电路段2002c-2002g中的一个或多个电路段。电池2008通过电池连接器2010和电流传感器2012联接到分段电路2000。电流传感器2012被构造成能够测量分段电路2000的总电流消耗。在一些示例中,一个或多个电压转换器2014a、2014b、2016被构造成能够向一个或多个电路段2002a-2002g提供预先确定的电压值。例如,在一些示例中,分段电路2000可包括3.3V的电压转换器2014a-2014b和/或5V的电压转换器2016。升压转换器2018被构造成能够提供最高至预先确定的量(诸如例如,最高至13V)的升压电压。升压转换器2018被构造成能够在功率密集操作期间提供附加的电压和/或电流,并且能够防止电压降低状况或低功率状况。
在一些方面,安全段2002a包括马达功率中断部2020。马达功率中断部2020联接在功率段2002h与马达段2002g之间。如在本文更详细地讨论,安全段2002a被构造成能够在安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006检测到错误或故障状况时中断到马达段2002g的功率。尽管电路段2002a-2002g被示为具有电路段2002a-2002h中物理位置接近的所有部件,但本领域的技术人员将认识到,电路段2002a-2002h可包括在物理上和/或在电学上与相同电路段2002a-2002g的部件分开的其他部件。在一些示例中,一个或多个部件可由两个或更多个电路段2002a-2002g共享。
在一些方面,多个开关2056-2070联接到安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006。多个开关2056-2070可被构造成能够控制外科器械10的一种或多种操作、能够控制分段电路2000的一种或多种操作,和/或能够指示外科器械10的状态。例如,应急门开关2056被构造成能够指示应急门的状态。多个关节运动开关诸如例如左侧向左关节运动开关2058a、左侧向右关节运动开关2060a、左侧向中心关节运动开关2062a、右侧向左关节运动开关2058b、右侧向右关节运动开关2060b和右侧向中心关节运动开关2062b被构造成能够控制轴2004和/或端部执行器2006的关节运动。左侧换向开关2064a和右侧换向开关2064b联接到主处理器2006。在一些示例中,包括左侧向左关节运动开关2058a、左侧向右关节运动开关2060a、左侧向中心关节运动开关2062a和左侧换向开关2064a在内的左侧开关通过左挠性连接器2072a联接到主处理器2006。包括右侧向左关节运动开关2058b、右侧向右关节运动开关2060b、右侧向中心关节运动开关2062b和右侧换向开关2064b在内的右侧开关通过右挠性连接器2072b联接到主处理器2006。在一些示例中,击发开关2066、夹持释放开关2068和轴接合开关2070联接到主处理器2006。
在一些方面,多个开关2056-2070可包括例如安装到外科器械10的柄部的多个柄部控件、多个指示器开关、和/或它们的任何组合。在各种示例中,多个开关2056-2070允许外科医生操纵外科器械,向分段电路2000提供有关外科器械的位置和/或操作的反馈,和/或指示外科器械10的不安全操作。在一些示例中,更多或更少的开关可联接到分段电路2000,开关2056-2070中的一个或多个开关可组合成单个开关,和/或扩展成多个开关。例如,在一个示例中,左侧关节运动开关和/或右侧关节运动开关2058a-2064b中的一个或多个可组合成单个多位置开关。
在一个方面,安全处理器2004被构造成能够除了其它的安全操作以外实施看门狗功能。分段电路2000的安全处理器2004和主处理器2006进行信号通信。微处理器活心跳信号提供在输出端2096处。加速度段2002c包括加速度计2022,该加速度计被构造成能够监控外科器械10的运动。在各种示例中,加速度计2022可以是单轴、双轴或三轴加速度计。加速度计2022可用于测量适当的加速度,该加速度不一定是坐标加速度(速度改变的速率)。作为替代,加速度计观察到在加速度计2022的参照系静止时,与由测试质量经受的重量现象相关联的加速度。例如,在地球的表面上静止的加速度计2022由于其重量将测量竖直向上的(重力)加速度g=9.8m/s2。加速度计2022可测量的另一类加速度是重力加速度。在各种其它示例中,加速度计2022可包括单轴、双轴或三轴加速度计。此外,加速度段2002c可包括一个或多个惯性传感器,以检测和测量加速度、倾斜、冲击、振动、旋转和多自由度(DoF)。合适的惯性传感器可包括加速度计(单轴、双轴或三轴)、用于测量空间磁场(例如地球磁场)的磁力计和/或用于测量角速度的陀螺仪。
在一个方面,安全处理器2004被构造成能够针对一个或多个电路段2002c-2002h(例如,马达段2002g)实施看门狗功能。就这一点来说,安全处理器2004采用看门狗功能来检测主处理器2006的故障并从主处理器2006的故障中恢复。在正常操作期间,安全处理器2004监控主处理器2004的硬件故障或程序错误,并发起一种或多种校正动作。校正动作可包括将主处理器2006置于安全状态,并恢复正常的系统操作。在一个示例中,安全处理器2004至少联接到第一传感器。第一传感器测量外科器械10(图1至图4)的第一性质。在一些示例中,安全处理器2004被构造成能够将外科器械10的所测量性质与预先确定的值进行比较。例如,在一个示例中,马达传感器2040a联接到安全处理器2004。马达传感器2040a向安全处理器2004提供马达的速度和位置信息。安全处理器2004监控马达传感器2040a并将值与最大速度和/或位置值进行比较,并且如果值高于预先确定的值,则阻止马达2048的操作。在一些示例中,预先确定的值基于马达2048的实时速度和/或位置计算、从与主处理器2006通信的第二马达传感器2040b提供的值计算,并且/或者从例如联接到安全处理器2004的存储器模块提供给安全处理器2004。
在一些方面,第二传感器联接到主处理器2006。第二传感器被构造成能够测量第一物理性质。安全处理器2004和主处理器2006被构造成能够提供分别指示第一传感器的值和第二传感器的值的信号。当安全处理器2004或主处理器2006指示值超出可接受范围时,分段电路2000便阻止电路段2002c-2002h中的至少一个电路段诸如例如马达段2002g的操作。例如,在图21A至图21B所示的示例中,安全处理器2004联接到第一马达位置传感器2040a,并且主处理器2006联接到第二马达位置传感器2040b。马达位置传感器2040a、2040b可包括任何合适的马达位置传感器,例如,具有正弦和余弦输出的磁性角度旋转输入装置。马达位置传感器2040a、2040b向安全处理器2004和主处理器2006提供指示马达2048的位置的相应的信号。
当第一马达传感器2040a的值和第二马达传感器2040b的值处于预先确定的范围内时,安全处理器2004和主处理器2006生成激活信号。当主处理器2006或安全处理器2004检测到值超出预先确定的范围时,则终止激活信号,随即中断并/或阻止至少一个电路段2002c-2002h(例如,马达段2002g)的操作。例如,在一些示例中,来自主处理器2006的激活信号和来自安全处理器2004的激活信号耦合到与门。与门联接到马达功率开关2020。当来自安全处理器2004和主处理器2006两者的激活信号都较高(指示马达传感器2040a,2040b的值在预先确定的范围内)时,与门便将马达功率开关2020保持在闭合或打开位置。当马达传感器2040a,2040b中任一者检测到值超出预先确定的范围时,则来自马达传感器2040a,2040b的激活信号被设定为低,并且与门的输出也被设定为低,从而打开马达功率开关2020。在一些示例中,第一传感器2040a的值与第二传感器2040b的值例如通过安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006进行比较。当第一传感器的值与第二传感器的值不同时,安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006便可阻止马达段2002g的操作。
在一些方面,安全处理器2004接收指示第二传感器2040b的值的信号,并且将第二传感器的值与第一传感器的值进行比较。例如,在一个方面,安全处理器2004直接联接到第一马达传感器2040a。第二马达传感器2040b联接到主处理器2006和/或直接联接到安全处理器2004,该主处理器将第二马达传感器2040b的值提供给安全处理器2004。安全处理器2004将第一马达传感器2040的值与第二马达传感器2040b的值进行比较。当安全处理器2004检测到第一马达传感器2040a与第二马达传感器2040b之间存在失配时,安全处理器2004可例如通过切断到马达段2002g的功率来中断马达段2002g的操作。
在一些方面,安全处理器2004和/或主处理器2006联接到被构造成能够测量外科器械的第一性质的第一传感器2040a和被构造成能够测量外科器械的第二性质的第二传感器2040b。第一性质和第二性质包括外科器械正常操作时的预先确定的关系。安全处理器2004监控第一性质和第二性质。当检测到第一性质的值和/或第二性质的值与预先确定的关系不一致时,则发生故障。当发生故障时,安全处理器2004至少采取一种动作,例如,阻止电路段中的至少一个的操作、执行预先确定的操作,和/或重置主处理器2006。例如,安全处理器2004在检测到故障时可打开马达功率开关2020,以切断到马达电路段2002g的功率。
在一个方面,安全处理器2004被构造成能够执行独立的控制算法。在操作中,安全处理器2004监控分段电路2000并且被构造成能够独立地控制和/或覆写来自其它电路部件诸如例如主处理器2006的信号。安全处理器2004可执行预先编程的算法并且/或者在操作期间可基于外科器械10的一种或多种动作和/或位置实时更新或编程。例如,在一个示例中,每当新的轴和/或端部执行器联接到外科器械10时,便使用新的参数和/或安全算法对安全处理器2004进行重新编程。在一些示例中,安全处理器2004存储的一个或多个安全值由主处理器2006复制。执行双向错误检测,以确保处理器2004或2006存储的值和/或参数是正确的。
在一些方面,安全处理器2004和主处理器2006实施冗余的安全检查。安全处理器2004和主处理器2006提供指示正常操作的周期性信号。例如,在操作期间,安全处理器2004可向主处理器2006指示安全处理器2004正在执行代码并且正常操作。主处理器2006同样可向安全处理器2004指示主处理器2006正在执行代码并且正常操作。在一些示例中,安全处理器2004和主处理器2006之间的通信是以预先确定的间隔发生的。预先确定的间隔可为恒定的,也可基于外科器械10的电路状态和/或操作而变化。
图22示出了功率组件2100的一个示例,该功率组件包括被构造成能够监控功率组件2100的使用循环计数的使用循环电路2102。功率组件2100可联接到外科器械2110。使用循环电路2102包括处理器2104和使用指示器2106。使用指示器2106被构造成能够向处理器2104提供信号,以指示电池组2100和/或联接到功率组件2100的外科器械2110的使用。“使用”可包括任何合适的动作、条件和/或参数,例如,改变外科器械2110的模块化部件、部署或击发联接到外科器械2110的一次性部件、从外科器械2110递送电外科能量、修复外科器械2110和/或功率组件2100、交换功率组件2100、为功率组件2100再充电,和/或超出外科器械2110和/或电池组2100的安全限制。
在一些实例中,使用循环或使用是由一个或多个功率组件2100参数限定的。例如,在一个实例中,当功率组件2100处于完全充电水平时,使用循环包括使用大于5%的可得自功率组件2100的总能量。在另一实例中,使用循环包括超出预先确定的时间限值的来自功率组件2100的连续能量消耗。例如,使用循环可对应于从功率组件2100汲取连续和/或总能量五分钟。在一些实例中,功率组件2100包括使用循环电路2102,该使用循环电路具有连续功率消耗,以将使用循环电路2102的一个或多个部件诸如例如使用指示器2106和/或计数器2108保持在活动状态。
处理器2104保持着使用循环计数。使用循环计数指示由使用指示器2106检测到的功率组件2100和/或外科器械2110的使用次数。处理器2104可基于来自使用指示器2106的输入而递增和/或递减使用循环计数。使用循环计数用于控制功率组件2100和/或外科器械2110的一个或多个操作。例如,在一些实例中,当使用循环计数超出预先确定的使用限度时,停用功率组件2100。尽管本文所讨论的实例是相对于递增使用循环计数使其超出预先确定的使用限度而讨论的,但本领域中的那些技术人员将认识到,使用循环计数可开始于某个预先确定的量,并可由处理器2104递减。在这个实例中,当使用循环计数降至低于预先确定的使用限度时,处理器2104即启动和/或阻止功率组件2100的一个或多个操作。
使用循环计数由计数器2108保持。计数器2108包括任何合适的电路,例如,存储器模块、模拟计数器和/或被构造成能够保持使用循环计数的任何电路。在一些实例中,计数器2108与处理器2104一体形成。在其它实例中,计数器2108包括单独的部件,例如,固态存储器模块。在一些实例中,使用循环计数被提供给远程系统,例如,中央数据库。使用循环计数由通信模块2112传输到远程系统。通信模块2112被构造成能够使用任何合适的通信媒介诸如例如有线和/或无线通信。在一些实例中,通信模块2112被构造成能够在使用循环计数超出预先确定的使用限度时,接收来自远程系统的一个或多个指令,诸如例如,控制信号。
在一些实例中,使用指示器2106被构造成能够监控与联接到功率组件2100的外科器械2110一起使用的模块化部件的数目。模块化部件可包括例如模块化轴、模块化端部执行器、和/或任何其他模块化部件。在一些实例中,使用指示器2106监控一个或多个一次性部件的使用情况,例如,在联接到外科器械2110的端部执行器内插入和/或部署钉仓的情况。使用指示器2106包括一个或多个传感器,这些传感器用于检测外科器械2110的一个或多个模块化和/或一次性部件的交换。
在一些实例中,使用指示器2106被构造成能够监控在已安装功率组件2100时进行的单次患者外科手术。例如,当功率组件2100联接到外科器械2110时,使用指示器2106可被构造成能够监控外科器械2110的击发。击发可对应于钉仓的部署、电外科能量的施加和/或任何其他合适的外科事件。使用指示器2106可包括用于当安装功率组件2100时测量击发次数的一个或多个电路。当进行单次患者手术时,使用指示器2106向处理器2104提供信号,然后处理器2104递增使用循环计数。
在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括被构造成能够监控功率源2114的一个或多个参数诸如例如自功率源2114消耗的电流的电路。功率源2114的一个或多个参数对应于可由外科器械2110执行的一个或多个操作诸如例如切割和缝合操作。使用指示器2106向处理器2104提供一个或多个参数,当这一个或多个参数指示手术已进行时,该处理器递增使用循环计数。
在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括被构造成能够在预先确定的时间段后递增使用循环计数的计时电路。预定时间段对应于单次患者手术时间,即操作者进行手术诸如例如切割和缝合手术所需的时间。当功率组件2100联接到外科器械2110时,处理器2104轮询使用指示器2106,以确定单次患者手术时间是否已结束。若预先确定的时间段已经过去,处理器2104则递增使用循环计数。在递增使用循环计数之后,处理器2104重置用户指示器2106的计时电路。
在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括与单次患者手术时间近似的时间常数。在一个示例中,使用循环电路2102包括电阻器-电容器(RC)计时电路2506。RC计时电路包括由电阻器-电容器对限定的时间常数。时间常数由电阻器和电容器的值限定。在一个示例中,使用循环电路2552包括可充电电池和时钟。当功率组件2100安装在外科器械中时,可充电电池由功率源充电。可充电电池包括足够的功率以使时钟运行至少单次患者手术时间。时钟可包括实时时钟、被构造成能够实施计时功能的处理器或任何其它合适的计时电路。
仍然参见图22,在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括传感器,该传感器被构造成能够监控由功率组件2100所经受的一种或多种环境条件。例如,使用指示器2106可包括加速度计。加速度计被构造成能够监控功率组件2100的加速度。功率组件2100具有最大加速度耐受度。加速度超过预先确定的阈值表示例如功率组件2100已被放下。当使用指示器2106检测到加速度超过最大加速度耐受度时,处理器2104递增使用循环计数。在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括水分传感器。水分传感器被构造成能够指示功率组件2100何时已暴露于水分。水分传感器可包括例如被构造成能够指示功率组件2100何时已完全浸入清洁流体中的浸没传感器、被构造成能够指示使用期间水分何时与功率组件2100接触的水分传感器、和/或任何其它合适的水分传感器。
在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括化学品接触传感器。化学品接触传感器被构造成能够指示功率组件2100何时已与有害和/或危险化学品接触。例如,在消毒规程中,可能使用了导致功率组件2100劣化的不适用的化学品。当使用指示器2106检测到不适用的化学品时,处理器2104递增使用循环计数。
在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102被构造成能够监控功率组件2100所历经的修复循环次数。修复循环可包括例如清洁循环、消毒循环、充电循环、常规和/或预防维修、和/或任何其他合适的修复循环。使用指示器2106被构造成能够检测修复循环。例如,使用指示器2106可包括水分传感器以检测清洁和/或消毒循环。在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102监控功率组件2100所历经的修复循环次数,并在修复循环次数超出预先确定的阈值之后,停用功率组件2100。
使用循环电路2102可被构造成能够监控功率组件2100交换的次数。每当交换功率组件2100时,使用循环电路2102便递增使用循环计数。当超出最大交换次数时,使用循环电路2102锁定功率组件2100和/或外科器械2110。在一些实例中,当功率组件2100联接到外科器械2110时,使用循环电路2102识别功率组件2100的序列号并锁定功率组件2100,使得功率组件2100只能与外科器械2110一起使用。在一些实例中,每当功率组件2100从外科器械2110移除和/或联接到该外科器械时,使用循环电路2102递增使用循环。
在一些实例中,使用循环计数对应于功率组件2100的消毒。使用指示器2106包括被构造成能够检测消毒循环的一个或多个参数诸如例如温度参数、化学参数、水分参数和/或任何其它合适的参数的传感器。当检测到消毒参数时,处理器2104递增使用循环计数。在预先确定的消毒次数之后,使用循环电路2102停用功率组件2100。在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102在消毒循环、电压传感器和/或任何合适的传感器检测再充电循环期间被重置。当检测到修复循环时,处理器2104递增使用循环计数。当检测到消毒循环时,停用使用循环电路2102。当功率组件2100联接到外科器械2110时,重新激活和/或重置使用循环电路2102。在一些实例中,使用指示器包括零功率指示器。零功率指示器在消毒循环期间改变状态,并当功率组件2100联接到外科器械2110时由处理器2104检查。当零功率指示器指示已经发生消毒循环时,处理器2104递增使用循环计数。
计数器2108保持着使用循环计数。在一些实例中,计数器2108包括非易失性存储器模块。每当检测到使用循环时,处理器2104便递增存储在非易失性存储器模块中的使用循环计数。存储器模块可由处理器2104和/或控制电路诸如例如控制电路200访问。当使用循环计数超出预先确定的阈值时,处理器2104停用功率组件2100。在一些实例中,使用循环计数由多个电路部件保持。例如,在一个实例中,计数器2108包括电阻器(或熔断器)组。在每次使用功率组件2100之后,电阻器(或熔断器)可被烧断成打开位置,从而改变电阻器组的电阻。功率组件2100和/或外科器械2110读取剩余的电阻值。当电阻器组的最后一个电阻器被烧坏时,电阻器组便具有预先确定的电阻诸如例如,对应于开式电路的无穷大电阻,这表明功率组件2100已经达到其使用限度。在一些实例中,电阻器组的电阻用于推导出剩余的使用次数。
在一些实例中,当使用循环计数超出预定使用限度时,使用循环电路2102便阻止功率组件2100和/或外科器械2110的进一步使用。在一个实例中,例如,利用与外科器械2110一体形成的屏幕将与功率组件2100相关的使用循环计数提供给操作者。外科器械2110向操作者提供使用循环计数已经超出功率组件2100的预先确定的限值的指示,并阻止外科器械2110的进一步操作。
在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102被构造成能够在达到预先确定的使用限度时在物理上防止其操作。例如,功率组件2100可包括护罩,该护罩被构造成能够在使用循环计数超出预先确定的使用限度时部署在功率组件2100的触件上。该护罩通过覆盖功率组件2100的电连接件阻止功率组件2100的再充电及使用。
在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102至少部分地位于外科器械2110内,并被构造成能够保持外科器械2110的使用循环计数。图22以虚线示出了外科器械2110内的使用循环电路2102的一个或多个部件,并示出使用循环电路2102的另选定位。当超出外科器械2110的预先确定的使用限度时,使用循环电路2102停用和/或阻止外科器械2110的操作。当使用指示器2106检测到特定事件和/或需求(例如,外科器械2110的击发、对应于单次患者手术时间的预先确定的时间段)时,使用循环电路2102响应于表明达到了一个或多个预先确定的阈值和/或满足了任何其它合适需求的系统诊断,而根据外科器械2110的一个或多个马达参数递增使用循环计数。如上文所讨论,在一些实例中,使用指示器2106包括对应于单次患者手术时间的计时电路。在其它实例中,使用指示器2106包括一个或多个传感器,这些传感器被构造成能够检测外科器械2110的特定事件和/或条件。
在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102被构造成能够防止在达到预先确定的使用限度之后使用外科器械2110。在一些实例中,外科器械2110包括可视指示器,以便当已经达到和/或超过预先确定的使用限度时给出指示。例如,标记(例如红色标记)可从外科器械2110(例如从柄部)弹出,从而为操作者提供外科器械2110已超出预先确定的使用限度的视觉指示。又如,使用循环电路2102可联接到与外科器械2110一体形成的显示器。使用循环电路2102显示指示已经超出预先确定的使用限度的信息。外科器械2110可以向操作者提供已经超出预先确定的使用限度的听觉指示。例如,在一个实例中,当超出预先确定的使用限度时,外科器械2110发出可以听见的音调,然后将功率组件2100从外科器械2110移除。可以听见的音调指示外科器械2110的最后一次使用,并指示应该丢弃或修复外科器械2110。
在一些实例中,使用循环电路2102被构造成能够将外科器械2110的使用循环计数传输到远程位置,例如,中央数据库。使用循环电路2102包括被构造成能够将使用循环计数传输到远程位置的通信模块2112。通信模块2112可利用任何合适的通信系统,例如,有线和/或无线通信系统。远程位置可包括被构造成能够保持使用信息的中央数据库。在一些实例中,当功率组件2100联接到外科器械2110时,功率组件2100记录外科器械2110的序列号。例如,当功率组件2100联接到充电器时,该序列号被传输到中央数据库。在一些实例中,中央数据库保持着对应于外科器械2110的每一次使用的计数。例如,每次使用外科器械2110时,与外科器械2110相关联的条形码便可被扫描。当使用计数超过预先确定的使用限度时,中央数据库向外科器械2110提供指示应该丢弃外科器械2110的信号。
外科器械2110可被构造成能够在使用循环计数超出预先确定的使用限度时锁定和/或阻止操作外科器械2110。在一些实例中,外科器械2110包括一次性仪器,并且在使用循环计数超出预先确定的使用限度之后被丢弃。在其它实例中,外科器械2110包括可重复使用的外科器械,该外科器械可在使用循环计数超出预先确定的使用限度之后被修复。在达到预先确定的使用限度之后,外科器械2110引发可逆闭锁。技术人员例如利用被构造成能够重置使用循环电路2102的专业技术键来修复外科器械2110并释放闭锁。
在一些方面,分段电路2000被构造成能够顺序地启动。先由每个电路段2002a-2002g执行错误检查,再对下一个顺序电路段2002a-2002g通电。图23示出了用于顺序地对分段电路2270诸如例如分段电路2000通电的过程的一个示例。当电池2008联接到分段电路2000时,安全处理器2004通电2272。安全处理器2004执行错误自检2274。当检测到错误时2276a,安全处理器停止对分段电路2000通电并生成错误代码2278a。当未检测到错误时2276b,安全处理器2004开始对主处理器2006加电2278b。主处理器2006执行错误自检。当未检测到错误时,主处理器2006开始对剩余的电路段中的每个顺序地加电2278b。主处理器2006对每个电路段通电并进行错误检查。当未检测到错误时,对下一个电路段通电2278b。当检测到错误时,安全处理器2004和/或主处理器停止对电流段通电,并生成错误2278a。继续顺序地启动,直到电路段2002a-2002g已全部通电为止。
图24示出了功率段2302的一个方面,该功率段包括多个菊花链式功率转换器2314、2316、2318。功率段2302包括电池2308。电池2308被构造成能够提供源电压,例如,12V的电压。电流传感器2312联接到电池2308,以监控分段电路和/或一个或多个电路段的电流消耗。电流传感器2312联接到FET开关2313。电池2308联接到一个或多个电压转换器2309、2314、2316。始终接通的转换器2309向一个或多个电路部件诸如例如运动传感器2322提供恒定的电压。始终接通的转换器2309包括例如3.3V转换器。始终接通的转换器2309可向附加电路部件诸如例如安全处理器(未示出)提供恒定的电压。电池2308联接到升压转换器2318。升压转换器2318被构造成能够提供大于由电池2308所提供电压的升压电压。例如,在所示实施方案中,电池2308提供12V的电压。升压转换器2318被构造成能够将该电压升高至13V。升压转换器2318被构造成能够在外科器械诸如例如外科器械10(图1至图4)的操作期间维持最小的电压。马达的操作可引起提供给主处理器2306的功率降到低于最小阈值,并且在主处理器2306中产生电压降低或重置状况。升压转换器2318确保在外科器械10的操作期间有足够的功率可用于主处理器2306和/或其它电路部件,例如马达控制器2343。在一些示例中,升压转换器2318直接联接到一个或多个电路部件,例如,OLED显示器2388。
升压转换器2318联接到一个或多个降压转换器,以提供低于升压电压水平的电压。第一电压转换器2316联接到升压转换器2318,并且向一个或多个电路部件提供降低的电压。在所示示例中,第一电压转换器2316提供5V的电压。第一电压转换器2316联接到旋转位置编码器2340。FET开关2317联接在第一电压转换器2316和旋转位置编码器2340之间。FET开关2317由处理器2306来控制。处理器2306例如在功率密集操作期间打开FET开关2317,以去激活位置编码器2340。第一电压转换器2316联接到第二电压转换器2314,该第二降压转换器被构造成能够提供第二降低的电压。第二降低的电压包括例如3.3V的电压。第二电压转换器2314联接到处理器2306。在一些示例中,升压转换器2318、第一电压转换器2316和第二电压转换器2314以菊花链式构型联接。菊花链式构型允许使用更小且更高效的转换器以用于产生低于该升压电压水平的电压水平。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
图25示出了分段电路2400的一个方面,该分段电路被构造成能够使可用于关键功能和/或功率密集功能的功率最大化。分段电路2400包括电池2408。电池2408被构造成能够提供源电压,诸如例如12V的电压。源电压被提供给多个电压转换器2409、2418。始终接通的电压转换器2409向一个或多个电路部件例如运动传感器2422和安全处理器2404提供恒定的电压。始终接通的电压转换器2409直接联接到电池2408。始终接通的电压转换器2409提供例如3.3V的电压。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
分段电路2400包括升压转换器2418。升压转换器2418提供大于由电池2408所提供源电压诸如例如13V的升压电压。升压转换器2418直接向一个或多个电路部件诸如例如OLED显示器2488和马达控制器2443提供升压电压。通过将OLED显示器2488直接联接到升压转换器2418,分段电路2400消除了专用于OLED显示器2488的功率转换器的需要。升压转换器2418在马达2448的一个或多个功率密集操作诸如例如切割操作期间向马达控制器2443和马达2448提供升压电压。升压转换器2418联接到降压转换器2416。降压转换器2416被构造成能够将低于所述升压电压的电压诸如例如5V提供给一个或多个电路部件。降压转换器2416联接到例如FET开关2451和位置编码器2440。FET开关2451联接到主处理器2406。当分段电路2400转变到休眠模式时,并且/或者在需要将额外的电压传送给马达2448的功率密集功能期间,主处理器2406打开FET开关2451。打开FET开关2451去激活位置编码器2440,并且消除了位置编码器2440的功率消耗。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
降压转换器2416联接到线性转换器2414。线性转换器2414被构造成能够提供例如3.3V的电压。线性转换器2414联接到主处理器2406。线性转换器2414向主处理器2406提供操作电压。线性转换器2414可联接到一个或多个额外的电路部件。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
分段电路2400包括应急开关2456。应急开关2456联接到外科器械10上的应急门。应急开关2456和安全处理器2404联接到与门2419。与门2419向FET开关2413提供输入。当应急开关2456检测到应急状况时,应急开关2456向与门2419提供应急关闭信号。当安全处理器2404检测到不安全状况(例如,由传感器失配所致)时,安全处理器2404向与门2419提供关闭信号。在一些示例中,应急关闭信号和关闭信号两者在正常操作期间都较高,并且当检测到电压降低状况或不安全的状况时都较低。当与门2419的输出较低时,FET开关2413是打开的,并且马达2448的操作受到阻止。在一些示例中,安全处理器2404利用关闭信号将马达2448转变到休眠模式下的关闭状态。由联接到电池2408的电流传感器2412向FET开关2413提供第三输入。电流传感器2412监控由电路2400消耗的电流,并且当检测到电流大于预先确定的阈值时,打开FET开关2413从而关闭马达2448的电源。FET开关2413和马达控制器2443联接到被构造成能够控制马达2448的操作的一组FET开关2445。
马达电流传感器2446与马达2448串联联接,从而向电流监视器2447提供马达电流传感器读数。电流监视器2447联接到主处理器2406。电流监视器2447提供指示马达2448电流消耗的信号。主处理器2406可利用来自马达电流监视器2447的信号来控制马达的操作,例如,以确保马达2448的电流消耗央可接受范围内、将马达2448的电流消耗与电路2400(例如,位置编码器2440)的一个或多个其它参数进行比较、和/或确定治疗部位的一个或多个参数。在一些示例中,电流监视器2447可联接到安全处理器2404。
在一些方面,一个或多个柄部控件诸如例如击发触发器的致动引起主处理器2406在柄部控件被致动时降低供给一个或多个部件的功率。例如,在一个示例中,击发触发器控制切割构件的击发行程。切割构件由马达2448驱动。击发触发器的致动引起马达2448的向前操作和切割构件的推进。在击发期间,主处理器2406闭合FET开关2451,以从位置编码器2440移除功率。一个或多个电路部件的去激活允许更高的功率传送至马达2448。当击发触发器被释放时,例如,通过闭合FET开关2451并且再激活位置编码器2440,全功率恢复至停用的部件。
在一些方面,安全处理器2404控制分段电路2400的操作。例如,安全处理器2404可启动分段电路2400的顺序加电、分段电路2400向/从睡眠模式的转变,和/或可覆写来自主处理器2406的一个或多个控制信号。例如,在所示示例中,安全处理器2404联接到降压转换器2416。安全处理器2404通过激活或去激活降压转换器2416来控制分段电路2400的操作,以向分段电路2400的其余部分提供功率。
图26示出了功率系统2500的一个方面,该功率系统包括被构造成能够被顺序通电的多个菊花链式功率转换器2514、2516、2518。所述多个菊花链式功率转换器2514、2516、2518可在初始加电和/或从休眠模式的转变期间被例如安全处理器顺序地激活。安全处理器可由独立的功率转换器(未示出)供电。例如,在一个示例中,当电池电压VBATT联接到功率系统2500并且/或者加速度计检测到睡眠模式下的运动时,安全处理器引发菊花链式功率转换器2514、2516、2518的顺序启动。安全处理器激活13V升压节段2518。升压节段2518通电并执行自检。在一些示例中,升压节段2518包括集成电路2520,该集成电路被构造成能够升高源电压并执行自检。二极管D阻止5V供电节段2516加电,直到升压节段2518已完成自检并已向二极管D提供了指示升压节段2518未识别到任何错误的信号为止。在一些示例中,由安全处理器提供该信号。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
5V供电节段2516顺序地在升压节段2518之后通电。5V供电节段2516在加电期间执行自检,以识别5V供电节段2516中的任何错误。5V供电节段2516包括集成电路2515,该集成电路被构造成能够从升压电压提供降低电压,并能够执行错误检查。当未检测到错误时,5V供电节段2516完成顺序加电,并向3.3V供电节段2514提供激活信号。在一些示例中,安全处理器向3.3V供电节段2514提供激活信号。3.3V供电节段包括集成电路2513,该集成电路被构造成能够由5V供电节段2516提供降低电压,并能够在加电期间执行错误自检。当在自检期间未检测到错误时,3.3V供电节段2514向主处理器提供功率。主处理器被构造成能够顺序地对剩余的电路段中的每个电路段供电。通过顺序地对功率系统2500和/或分段电路的剩余部分通电,功率系统2500降低了错误风险,在施加负荷之前实现电压水平的稳定性,并防止所有硬件以不可控的方式同时被接通而产生较大的电流消耗。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
在一个方面,功率系统2500包括过压识别及消减电路。过压识别及消减电路被构造成能够检测外科器械中的单极返回电流,并且在检测到单极返回电流时中断来自功率段的功率。过压识别及消减电路被构造成能够识别功率系统的地电浮动。过压识别及消减电路包括金属氧化物变阻器。过压识别及消减电路至少包括一个瞬时电压抑制二极管。
图27示出了包括单点控制节段2602的分段电路2600的一个方面。单点控制节段2602使分段电路2600的控制硬件与分段电路2600的功率节段(未示出)隔离。控制节段2602包括例如主处理器2606、安全处理器(未示出),和/或附加的控制硬件,例如FET开关2617。功率节段包括例如马达、马达驱动器和/或多个马达MOSFET。单点控制节段2602包括充电电路2603和联接到5V功率转换器2616的可充电电池2608。充电电路2603和可充电电池2608使主处理器2606与功率节段隔离。在一些示例中,可充电电池2608联接到安全处理器和任何额外的支持硬件。使控制节段2602与功率节段隔离允许控制节段2602(例如主处理器2606)保持活动的(甚至当主电源被移除时)、穿过可充电电池2608提供过滤器以保持噪声远离控制节段2602、使控制节段2602与电池电压中的剧烈变化隔离以确保适当的操作(甚至在较大的马达负载期间)、并且/或者允许实时操作系统(RTOS)被分段电路2600使用。在一些示例中,可充电电池2608向主处理器提供降低电压,例如,3.3V的电压。然而,这些示例不限于本说明书的上下文中所述的特定电压范围。
图28A和图28B示出了控制电路3000的另一方面,该控制电路被构造成能够控制图1至图18A所示的带电外科器械10。如图18A、图28B所示,柄部组件14可包括马达3014,该马达可由马达驱动器3015控制,并可由外科器械10的击发系统使用。在各种形式中,马达3014可以是直流有刷驱动马达,其具有例如大约25,000RPM的最大转速。在其它布置中,马达3014可包括无刷马达、无绳马达、同步马达、步进马达或任何其它合适的电动马达。在某些情况下,马达驱动器3015可包括例如H桥FET 3019,如图28A和图28B所示。马达3014可由功率组件3006供电,该功率组件能够可释放地安装到柄部组件14。功率组件3006被构造成能够向外科器械10供应控制功率。功率组件3006可包括电池,该电池可包括串联连接的多个电池单元,该多个电池单元可用作功率源,以对外科器械10供电。在这种构型中,功率组件3006可称为电池组。在某些情况下,功率组件3006的电池单元可以是可替换的和/或可充电的。在至少一个示例中,电池单元可以是能够可分离地联接到功率组件3006的锂离子电池。
适合与外科器械10一起使用的驱动系统和闭合系统的示例公开于名称为“CONTROL SYSTEM OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”且提交于2013年3月14日的美国临时专利申请序列号61/782,866,该专利的完整公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。例如,电动马达3014可包括与齿轮减速器组件可操作地连接的可旋转轴(未示出),该齿轮减速器组件可被安装成与能够纵向运动的驱动构件上的一组或一齿条的驱动齿啮合接合。在使用中,电池所提供的电压极性可操作电动马达3014,以驱动能够纵向运动的驱动构件,以使端部执行器300起作用。例如,马达3014可被构造成能够驱动能够纵向运动的驱动构件,例如,以推进击发机构,从而将钉从与端部执行器300装配在一起的钉仓击发到由端部执行器300捕集的组织中,并且/或者推进切割构件,从而切割由端部执行器300捕集的组织。
如图28A和图28B所示,并如下文更详细地描述,例如,功率组件3006可包括功率管理控制器,该功率管理控制器可被构造成能够调节功率组件3006的功率输出,以便当可互换轴组件200联接到柄部组件14(图1)时,输送第一功率输出来为马达3014供电,以推进切割构件,而当可互换轴组件200联接到柄部组件14时,输送第二功率输出来为马达3014供电,以推进切割构件。这种调节在避免将超出联接到柄部组件14的可互换轴组件需求的过高功率传输到马达3014这方面可以是有利的。
在某些情况下,例如,通过将一个或多个通信信号路由通过位于柄部组件14(图1)中的主控制器3017,接口3024可有利于在功率管理控制器3016和轴组件控制器3022之间传输这类通信信号。在其它情况下,当轴组件200(图1)和功率组件3006联接到柄部组件14时,接口3024可有利于通过柄部组件14的功率管理控制器3016和轴组件控制器3022之间的直接通信线路。
在一个实例中,主微控制器3017可以是任一种单核或多核处理器,例如由TexasInstruments提供的以ARM Cortex为商品名的那些。在一个实例中,外科器械10(图1至图4)可包括功率管理控制器3016,例如,包括两个基于微控制器的系列(例如同样由TexasInstruments提供的以Hercules ARM Cortex R4为商品名的TMS570和RM4x)的安全微控制器平台。然而,可不受限制地采用微控制器和安全处理器的其他合适的替代物。在一个实例中,安全处理器2004(图21A)可专门构造用于IEC 61508和ISO 26262安全关键应用等,以在输送可扩展的性能、连接性和存储器选项时提供高级集成安全特征。
在某些实例中,微控制器3017可以是例如可购自Texas Instruments的LM4F230H5QR。在至少一个示例中,Texas Instruments LM4F230H5QR是ARM Cortex-M4F处理器内核包括高达40MHz的256KB单周期闪速存储器或其它非易失性存储器的芯片上存储器、40MHz以上的用于提高性能的预取缓冲区、32KB单周期串行随机存取存储器(SRAM)、加载有Stellaris软件的内置只读存储器(ROM)、2KB电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、一个或多个脉宽调制(PWM)模块、一个或多个正交编码器输入(QEI)模拟、具有12个模拟输入通道的一个或多个12位模/数转换器(ADC)、以及随时可用于产品数据表的其它特征。本公开不应限于这一上下文。
图29为图1的外科器械的框图,其示出柄部组件14(图1)与功率组件之间、以及柄部组件14与可互换轴组件之间的接口。如图29所示,功率组件3006可包括功率管理电路3034,所述功率管理电路可包括功率管理控制器3016、功率调制器3038和电流感测电路3036。功率管理电路3034可被构造成能够在轴组件200和功率组件3006联接到柄部组件14时,基于轴组件200(图1)的功率要求调节电池3007的功率输出。例如,功率管理控制器3016可被编程为控制功率组件3006的功率输出的功率调制器3038,并且电流感测电路3036可用于监控功率组件3006的功率输出,以便为功率管理控制器3016提供关于电池3007的功率输出的反馈,使得功率管理控制器3016可调节功率组件3006的功率输出以维持期望的输出。
值得注意的是,功率管理控制器3016和/或轴组件控制器3022各自可包括可存储多个软件模块的一个或多个处理器和/或存储器单元。尽管可以举例的方式描述外科器械14(图1)的某些模块和/或块,但可以理解,可使用更多或更少数量的模块和/或块。另外,虽然可根据模块和/或块来描述各种实例以有利于说明,但这些模块和/或块可通过一个或多个硬件部件(如处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、电路、寄存器)和/或软件部件(如程序、子例程、逻辑)、和/或硬件部件与软件部件的组合来实施。
在某些实例中,外科器械10(图1至图4)可包括输出装置3042,该输出装置可包括用于向用户提供感官反馈的一个或多个装置。此类装置可包括例如视觉反馈装置(例如,LCD显示屏、LED指示器)、听觉反馈装置(例如,扬声器、蜂鸣器)或触觉反馈装置(例如,触觉致动器)。在某些情况下,输出装置3042可包括显示器3043,该显示器可包括在柄部组件14(图1)中。轴组件控制器3022和/或功率管理控制器3016可通过输出装置3042向外科器械10的用户提供反馈。接口3024可被构造成能够将轴组件控制器3022和/或功率管理控制器3016连接到输出装置3042。读者将会知道,作为替代,输出装置3042可与功率组件3006集成。在这类情况下,当轴组件200联接到柄部组件14时,输出装置3042与轴组件控制器3022之间的通信可通过接口3024来实现。
如上文所讨论,外科器械可包括柄部、轴组件和端部执行器。柄部可包括电动马达,该电动马达具有可旋转的输出轴,该输出轴可操作地联接到轴组件中的驱动轴。输出轴可旋转驱动轴,或者另选地,输出轴的旋转运动可在传输到驱动轴之前转换为平移运动。在任一种情况下,输出轴的性质可在其驱动驱动轴时加以测量。各种实施方案可包括例如相对于输出轴定位的一个或多个传感器,该一个或多个传感器例如可测量驱动轴的运动。此类传感器相对于轴板外定位。此类实施方案可为有用的;然而,传感器的离板定位可限制可检测的驱动轴的性质和/或用以检测驱动轴的性质的方式。下面讨论包括定位在输出轴上的一个或多个传感器的各种实施方案,该一个或多个传感器可检测驱动轴的性质。此类传感器相对于轴板内定位。下面还讨论可包括安装到轴的控制电路和/或用于将功率传输到控制电路的装置的实施方案。
现在参见图30和图31,外科器械系统15000包括电动马达15010,该电动马达包括可旋转的轴15020。电动马达15010可包括任何合适的电动马达,例如诸如,直流(DC)电动马达。电动马达15010安装在外科器械的柄部中;然而,电动马达15010可安装在外科器械的任何合适的部分,例如诸如,从柄部延伸的轴组件中。在某些其他实施方案中,电动马达15010可为机器人控制的组件的一部分。在任何情况下,马达轴15020由任何合适数量的轴承可旋转地支撑,使得轴15020能够通过电动马达15010围绕纵向轴线15021旋转。
主要参见图30,外科器械系统15000还包括与马达轴15020可操作地联接的驱动系统15030。驱动系统15030定位在外科器械的柄部中;然而,驱动系统15030可定位在外科器械的任何合适的部分,例如诸如,从柄部延伸的轴组件中。在某些其他实施方案中,驱动系统15030可为机器人控制的组件的一部分。在任何情况下,驱动系统15030包括传输装置15031和输出轴15032。传输装置15031被构造成能够在马达轴15020与输出轴15032之间传输旋转运动。传输装置15031包括例如多个相互啮合的齿轮。在各种实例中,传输装置15031的齿轮被构造成使得输出轴15032的旋转速度不同于马达轴15020的旋转速度。在至少一个这样的实例中,输出轴15032的旋转速度小于马达轴15020的旋转速度。在各种另选的实施方案中,传输装置15031的齿轮被构造成使得输出轴15032的旋转速度与马达轴15020的旋转速度相同。
再次参见图30和图31,外科器械系统15000还包括安装到输出轴15020的传感器15050。传感器15050包括应变仪;然而,可利用任何合适的传感器。例如,传感器15050可包括例如加速度计。应变仪15050安装到输出轴15020的外表面15023。应变仪15050包括由绝缘材料构成的基板或背衬15052,该绝缘材料为柔性的并且能够贴合轴15020的外表面15023。背衬15052能够通过任何合适的粘合剂,例如诸如,氰基丙烯酸酯附接到轴15020的外表面15023。应变仪15050还包括安装到基板15052的金属线15053。当轴15020经受负载并且被负载弹性和/或塑性变形时,金属线15053也被负载变形,因此,金属线15053的电阻发生变化。这种通常使用惠斯通电桥测得的电阻变化与被称为量规因数的比率与由轴15020所经受的应变或变形相关。
当电导体,例如诸如,金属线15053在其弹性限度内被拉伸成使得其不会断裂或永久变形时,电导体将变窄且变长,从而增大其端到端的电阻。相反,当电导体被压缩成使得其不会弯曲时,电导体会变宽且变短,从而减小其端到端的电阻。电阻应变仪的电导体通常包括以连续的锯齿形平行线图案布置的长而薄的导电带。导电带的这些平行线通常紧密地间隔开,使得导电带的一大段定位在小区域上。由于导电带的这一大段,沿平行线取向方向的少量应力导致导体的有效长度上的相对于在单根直线传导线的情况下将会观察到的成倍增大的应变测量且因此成倍增大的电阻变化。根据所测得的应变仪15050的电阻,推断施加到马达轴15020的应力的量。
外科器械系统15000还包括定位在马达轴15020上的控制系统15040控制系统15040包括安装到马达轴15020的电路板15046。电路板15046可例如由印刷电路板和/或柔性层压板构成,并且可例如利用一种或多种粘合剂附接到轴15020的外表面15023。控制系统15040可包括电路板15046上的控制电路。除了别的之外,控制电路还包括微处理器15047和与微处理器15047进行信号通信的至少一个存储器芯片15048。应变仪15050也与微处理器15047进行信号通信,该微处理器被构造成能够检测应变仪15050的金属线15053中的电阻变化,如上文所讨论。当轴15020旋转以操作端部执行器关节运动系统时,外科器械的组织夹持系统和/或钉击发系统(例如轴15020)将经受在轴15020内产生被应变仪15050和微处理器15047检测到的应变的力和/或扭矩T,如在下文进一步更详细地讨论。微处理器15047可包括上文所讨论的惠斯通电桥。
除上述之外,应变仪15050可包括任何合适的应变仪。例如,应变仪15050可包括例如半导体应变仪、压敏电阻器、基于纳米颗粒的应变仪、光纤应变仪和/或电容应变仪。某些应变仪被构造成能够测量沿一根轴线的应变,而其他应变仪被构造成能够测量沿多于一根轴线,例如诸如,两根轴线或三根轴线的应变。多于一个应变仪可用于评估轴5020的应变。例如,第一应变仪可用于沿第一轴线评估轴5020的应变,并且第二应变仪可用于沿第二轴线评估轴5020的应变。在至少一个这样的实例中,第一应变仪可被定位和布置成测量沿轴5020的纵向轴线5021的应变,并且第二应变仪可被定位和布置成测量围绕轴5020的周边的应变。沿轴5020的周边轴线测得的应变正交于沿纵向轴线测得的应变;然而,可设想出其中第一轴线和第二轴线彼此横向而不是彼此正交的其他实施方案。在各种实例中,可利用一个或多个应变仪来评估由轴15020在轴15020的特定位置处所经受的总应变或总体应变。在某些实例中,可利用多个应变仪来评估轴15020在轴15020的多个位置处的应变。
应变仪15050可用于评估由轴15020所经受的应变和应力。当轴15020用于驱动关节运动系统时,应变的大幅度增加可指示外科器械的端部执行器可能没有适当地进行关节运动。相似地,应变的大幅度增加可指示外科器械的击发构件可能在轴15020用于驱动击发系统时被卡位。微处理器15047和/或外科器械的任何其他微处理器可被编程为解译应变数据,并且利用应变数据来解译是否应修改外科器械的操作。例如,应变仪15050在轴15020用于使端部执行器进行关节运动时供应给微处理器15047的应变读数可超过最大关节运动应变阈值,并且在此类实例中,微处理器15047例如可被编程为当应变读数超过最大关节运动应变阈值时中断驱动轴15020的马达15010的操作。相同的应变读数如果在轴15020用于从端部执行器射出钉时提供的话可超过或可不超过最大击发应变阈值。如果应变读数不超过最大击发应变阈值,则微处理器15047可不中断电动马达15010的操作。如果应变读数超过最大击发应变阈值,则微处理器15047可中断电动马达15010的操作。在某些实例中,最大击发应变阈值不同于最大关节运动应变阈值,而在其他实例中,它们可能相同。
在一些实例中,除上述之外,中断马达15010可意味着微处理器15047和/或外科器械的任何其他微处理器立即暂停马达15010,直到接收到来自外科器械的用户的输入。这种输入可以是反转马达15010的操作的命令或超驰马达15010的中断并且重新启动马达15010以完成关节运动或击发过程的命令,根据具体情况而定。在某些实例中,中断马达15010可意味着使马达15010减速,从而可赋予微处理器15047例如更长的时间段以评估由轴15020所经受的加载状况。如果应变的增加表示瞬时或暂时的增加并且所测得的应变回落到相关阈值以下,则微处理器15047可不中断马达15010。如果微处理器15047已响应于升高的应变读数而使马达15010减速,则微处理器15047可在应变回落到相关阈值以下之后恢复马达15010的原始速度。在其他实例中,微处理器15047可继续以较慢的速度操作马达15010,即使应变已经回落到相关阈值以下。然而,如果高于相关阈值的升高的应变读数持续,则微处理器15047可在经过预先确定的时间段之后以较慢的速度操作马达15010和/或暂停马达15010。在所测得的应变继续增大超过阈值的情况下,微处理器15047可被编程为停止马达15010。
如上文所讨论,微处理器15047定位在轴5020上。为了使微处理器15047控制驱动轴15020的马达15010,微处理器15047需要能够与马达15010进行通信。在至少一个实例中,可利用滑环系统来将一个或多个信号从微处理器15047传输到马达15010。也可利用滑环系统来将一个或多个信号从马达15010和/或监控马达15010的传感器传输到微处理器15047。在某些实例中,可利用发射器15060来在微处理器15047与马达15010之间传输数据。发射器15060安装到轴15020并且与轴15020一起旋转。发射器15060与微处理器15047进行信号通信,并且在至少一个实例中,可包括无线频率发射器,该无线频率发射器被构造成能够利用微处理器15047所提供的数据来产生无线信号。频率发射器可经由安装到轴15020的一根或多根功率线和/或一根或多根信号线来与微处理器15047通信。另选地,如下文进一步更详细地描述,发射器15060可包括阻抗场发生器。
当发射器15060包括无线频率发射器时,外科器械可包括无线频率接收器15070,该无线频率接收器被构造成能够接收频率发射器所发射的信号。频率接收器15070定位在外科器械的柄部中;然而,频率接收机15070可定位在外科器械中的任何合适的位置。在各种实例中,频率接收器15070与马达15010进行信号通信,使得在无线信号内传输并且频率接收器15070所接收到的数据可直接控制马达15010。在其他实例中,频率接收器15070与外科器械中的第二微处理器15080进行信号通信。第二微处理器15080定位在外科器械的柄部中;然而,第二微处理器15080可定位在外科器械中的任何合适的位置。第二微处理器15080可利用从微处理器15047传输的数据和/或来自一个或多个合适的输入的任何其他数据来控制马达15010。第二微处理器15080经由例如一根或多根信号和/或功率线15082来与马达15010进行信号通信。第二微处理器15080还可被编程为以上文所述的方式控制马达15010。在各种实例中,微处理器15047和15080可配合以控制马达15010。
控制系统15040、传感器15050和发射器15060包括板载检测系统,该板载检测系统被构造成能够检测并评估轴15020的一种或多种状况。在上述实施方案中,轴15020的状况为由轴15020所经受的操作负载,并且传感器15050包括被构造成能够检测操作负载的应变仪;然而,可通过定位在轴15020上的一个或多个板载传感器来检测轴15020的任何合适的状况。此外,微处理器15047可被构造成能够将从多个传感器提供给微处理器15047的数据布置成两个或更多个信号,并且无线频率发射器可被构造成能够将这些信号发射到频率接收器15070。此类信号然后可提供给微处理器15080,该微处理器可响应于其已接收到的信号而控制马达15010。可利用一个或多个信号多路复用器和解多路复用器。
尽管无线频率发射器可例如用于在旋转平面(即,轴15020)与固定平面(即,外科器械的柄部)之间传送数据,但发射器15060可被构造成能够以任何合适的方式传送数据。在至少一个实施方案中,如上所述,发射器15060可包括阻抗场发生器。在至少一个实例中,阻抗场发生器可包括安装到轴15020的外表面15023的阻抗线圈。阻抗场发生器可被构造成能够产生例如可由定位在柄部中的场传感器15070感测到的场。类似于上述,阻抗场发生器在旋转平面内运动,并且场传感器定位在固定平面内。
除上述之外,阻抗场发生器所产生的场的量值与由应变仪15050检测到的应变的量值相对应。例如,较高的发射场强度可与较大的应变相关联,而较低的发射场强度可与较小的应变相关联。在至少一个实例中,阻抗场发生器所发射的场的量值可与由应变仪15050检测到的应变的量值成正比。在这种实施方案中,例如,场传感器可测量阻抗场发生器所产生的场的强度并且将这种信息传送到微处理器15080。微处理器15080可包括校准表,该校准表将从场传感器接收到的数据与由马达轴15020所经受的负载相关联。微处理器15080还可被构造成能够响应于从应变仪15050和阻抗场发生器接收到的数据而调节电动马达15010的速度。例如,当所测得的应变高时,微处理器15080可使电动马达15010减速。微处理器15080还可利用任何其他合适的数据来调节电动马达15010的性能特性。例如,这种数据可包括马达15010的电流消耗、被缝合的组织的阻抗、砧座与钉仓之间的组织间隙、和/或由砧座经受的应变。
上述阻抗场发生器在不使用电触点的情况下在运动轴15020与柄部之间传输数据。因此,可以说,阻抗场发生器“以无线方式”将数据从轴15020传送到柄部;然而,也可以说,阻抗场发生器被用来影响邻近运动轴15020所做的测量,该测量然后被转换为数据流并且被解译。
如读者将了解,控制系统15040、传感器15050和发射器15060可能需要电力来操作。在至少一个实例中,例如,一个或多个电池可安装到轴15020,该一个或多个电池可向控制系统15040、传感器15050和/或发射器15060供应功率。除了或代替电池,可例如经由滑环系统,例如诸如,上文所述的滑环系统来向控制系统15040、传感器15050和/或发射器15060供应功率。除了或代替上述,例如,功率可以无线方式传输到控制系统15040、传感器15050和/或发射器15060。在至少一个这样的实例中,外科器械可包括磁体15041,该磁体被构造成能够产生磁场15042,当轴15020被电动马达15010旋转时,该磁场在缠绕轴15020的线圈15043中感应电流。线圈15043与控制系统15040电连通,使得在线圈15043内感应的电流可向微处理器15047、应变器传感器15050和/或发射器15060供应功率。在至少一个这样的实例中,线圈15043包括安装到板15046上的触点的第一端部15044和第二端部15045。
磁体15041包括永磁体;然而,磁体15041可包括任何合适的磁体,例如诸如,电磁体。当磁体15041包括永磁体时,磁体15041可以连续地产生磁场15042。永磁体15041牢固地定位在外科器械中,使得磁场15042的取向和/或量值不会改变。线圈15043包括缠绕轴15020的外表面15023的铜线或铜合金线;然而,线圈15043可由任何合适的导电材料(例如诸如,铝)构成。线圈15043可缠绕轴15020任何合适的圈数。此外,线圈15043可定位在轴15020上的其中磁场15042的强度高或处于其最高水平的位置处。在至少一个实例中,线圈15043可缠绕轴15020,使得线圈15043与磁场15042的极轴对齐或至少基本上对齐。一般来讲,在线圈15043内产生的电流与线圈15043缠绕轴15020的圈数成正比。此外,在线圈15043内产生的电流与轴15020旋转的速度成正比。如上文所讨论,磁体15041可包括电磁体。电磁体15041可由外科器械的电池供电,例如,以产生磁场15042。电磁体15041可被选择性激活或通电,以选择性地产生磁场15042。例如,只有当轴15020被电动机15010旋转时,电磁体15041才能被通电。
在此类实例中,当轴15020不旋转时,电磁体15041就不会被通电。当预期或正在发生轴15020的操作的长时间暂停时,此类实例可能是有用的。在至少一个实例中,电磁体15041可在轴15020被马达15010旋转之前被通电。在某些实例中,电磁体15041可在轴15020停止旋转之后被断电。这种方法可确保轴15020的运动可完全用于在线圈15043内感应电流。在各种实例中,无论轴15020是否旋转,电磁体15041都可被通电。当预期或正在发生轴15020的操作的仅短暂暂停时,此类实例可能是有用的。
当轴15020不旋转时,除上述之外,磁场15042不会在线圈15043内感应电流,且因此,控制系统15040、传感器15050和发射器15060不由磁场15042供电。在至少一个这样的实例中,微处理器15047可进入休眠模式。当马达15010开始旋转轴15020时,线圈15043在磁场15042内旋转并且电流在线圈15043内产生。线圈15043可与微处理器15047中的输入门电连通,并且可向输入门供应电压电位,该电压电位可(一)为微处理器15047供电和(二)致动微处理器15047从其休眠模式唤醒。因此,在这种实施方案中,当轴15020不旋转时,控制系统15040可处于休眠模式,而当轴15020旋转时,控制系统15040可处于活动或完全加电操作模式。
在各种实例中,当轴15020不旋转时,控制系统15040可包括和/或可接入功率源。在此类实例中,微处理器15047可进入低功率模式。在至少一个实例中,控制系统15040可包括一个或多个电容元件,例如诸如,超级电容器,该一个或多个电容元件可被构造成能够在轴15020被旋转且来自线圈15043的电流被供应到控制系统15040时存储电力。当轴15020不再旋转且来自线圈15043的电流不再被供应到控制电路15040时,电容元件可向微处理器15047和/或控制系统15040的任何其他部分供应电力,并且至少在一段时间内防止微处理器15047和/或控制系统15040进入完全未加电状态。当轴15020以慢速度(即,足以产生在其完全加电操作模式下操作此类部件所需的功率的速度)旋转时,此类电容元件还可向微处理器15047、和/或控制系统15040的任何其他部分、应变仪15050、和/或发射器15060释放功率。除了或代替上述,当轴15020不旋转时,安装到轴15020的电池可向微处理器15047、和/或控制系统15040的任何其他部分、应变仪15050、和/或无线发射器15060供应功率。例如,当轴15020缓慢地旋转时和/或当此类部件在其他的情况下动力不足时,此类电容元件还可向微处理器15047、和/或控制系统15040的任何其他部分、应变仪15050、和/或发射器15060提供功率。
除上述之外,轴15020可出于多种原因而被停止。例如,外科器械的用户可选择暂停或停止击发构件的推进,以评估击发构件的击发行程是否可以或应该完成,并且在这种情况下,推进击发构件的轴15020可被暂停或停止。如上文所讨论,当轴15020不旋转时,不在线圈15043中感应电流;然而,当轴15020不被旋转时,可能需要为控制系统15040、传感器15050和/或发射器15060供电,以便收集、评估并且/或者传输来自传感器15050的数据。上述辅助功率源能够有利于外科器械的这种操作状态。在至少一个另选的实施方案中,可不在线圈15043中感应电流,即使轴15020不旋转。例如,多个电磁体15041可围绕线圈15043定位,该多个电磁体可选择性通电以产生旋转磁场15042。在这样的实施方案中,磁场15042可相对于线圈15043旋转,以在线圈15043中感应电流,并且为控制系统15040、传感器15050和/或发射器15060供电,即使轴15020已被停止。
在使用中,除上述之外,可利用功率源,例如诸如,电池来为电动马达15010供电并且旋转轴15020。如上所述,线圈15043在磁场15042内的旋转在线圈15043内产生电流,该电流向定位在轴15020上的控制电路15040、传感器15050和/或发射器15060供应功率。在此类实例中,该板载轴系统重新捕获旋转轴15020所消耗的能量的一部分并且利用该能量来感测、评估和/或监控轴15020的性能。
已结合电动马达15020讨论了本文所公开的各种示例;然而,这些示例可应用于任何可旋转轴和/或可旋转系统,例如诸如,轴15032。此外,本文所公开的示例可应用于任何合适的外科器械的可旋转轴和/或可旋转系统。例如,本文所公开的示例可应用于机器人系统,例如诸如,由Intuitive Surgical公司制造的DAVINCI机器人外科系统。名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241(现为美国专利申请公布号2012/0298719)的完整公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文所公开的示例也可应用于非外科应用,例如,马达的曲轴和/或凸轮轴。
实施例
实施例1-一种外科器械组件,所述外科器械组件包括:轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;柄部组件,所述柄部组件包括电动马达;永磁体,其中所述永磁体产生磁场;以及可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述电动马达和所述驱动构件可操作地联接,其中所述输出轴能够通过所述电动马达围绕纵向轴线旋转。所述轴组件还包括:线圈,所述线圈缠绕在所述输出轴上,其中所述线圈定位在所述磁场中,并且其中当所述可旋转的输出轴围绕所述纵向轴线旋转时,所述线圈在所述磁场内旋转,以在所述线圈中感应电流,并且驱动所述驱动构件;应变仪,所述应变仪安装到所述输出轴,所述应变仪被构造成能够检测当所述输出轴驱动所述驱动构件时所述输出轴内的应变;以及电路,所述电路安装到所述输出轴,其中所述线圈和所述应变仪电联接到所述电路,并且其中所述电路由在所述线圈中感应的所述电流供电。
实施例2-根据实施例1所述的外科器械组件,还包括场发生器,所述场发生器被构造成能够产生场,所述场具有作为被所述应变仪感测到的所述应变的函数的量值。
实施例3-根据实施例1或2所述的外科器械组件,还包括:信号发射器,所述信号发射器安装到所述输出轴,其中所述信号发射器被构造成能够发射与由所述输出轴所经受的所述应变相关的无线信号;和信号接收器,其中所述信号接收器被构造成能够接收所述无线信号。
实施例4-根据实施例1、2、3或4所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿所述纵向轴线的应变。
实施例5-根据实施例4所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿横向于所述纵向轴线的第二轴线的应变。
实施例6-根据实施例5所述的外科器械组件,其中所述第二轴线包括所述输出轴的外周边。
实施例7-根据实施例1、2、3、4、5或6所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪包括第一应变仪,所述第一应变仪被构造成能够测量沿第一轴线的应变,其中所述外科器械组件包括第二应变仪,所述第二应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述第二应变仪被构造成能够检测当所述输出轴驱动所述驱动构件时沿第二轴线在所述输出轴内产生的应变。
实施例8-根据实施例7所述的外科器械组件,其中所述电路包括微处理器,其中所述微处理器被构造成能够基于从所述第一应变仪和所述第二应变仪获取的读数而计算总应变值。
实施例9-根据实施例1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8所述的外科器械组件,其中所述轴组件还包括钉仓,所述钉仓包括可移除地存储在其中的钉。
实施例10-根据实施例1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8或9所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器,所述传感器安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述传感器被构造成能够检测所述输出轴的参数。
实施例11-一种外科器械组件,所述外科器械组件包括:柄部;轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;磁体,所述磁体被构造成能够产生磁场;以及可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述驱动构件可操作地联接,其中所述可旋转的轴能够围绕纵向轴线旋转,以驱动所述驱动构件。所述外科器械组件还包括:线圈,所述线圈缠绕在所述可旋转的输出轴上,其中所述线圈定位在所述磁场中,并且其中当所述可旋转的输出轴围绕所述纵向轴线旋转时,所述线圈在所述磁场内旋转,以在所述线圈中感应电流;和电路,所述电路安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述线圈电联接到所述电路,并且其中所述电路由在所述线圈中感应的所述电流供电。
实施例12-根据实施例11所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器和场发生器,所述场发生器被构造成能够产生场,所述场具有作为被所述传感器感测到的参数的函数的量值。
实施例13-根据实施例11或12所述的外科器械组件,其中所述磁体包括永磁体。
实施例14-根据实施例11、12或13所述的外科器械组件,其中所述磁体包括电磁体。
实施例15-根据实施例11、12、13或14所述的外科器械组件,还包括:信号发射器,所述信号发射器安装到所述输出轴,其中所述信号发射器被构造成能够发射无线信号;和信号接收机,其中所述信号接收机被构造成能够接收所述无线信号。
实施例16-根据实施例11、12、13、14或15所述的外科器械组件,还包括应变仪,所述应变仪与所述电路电连通,其中所述应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿所述纵向轴线的应变。
实施例17-根据实施例16所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿横向于所述纵向轴线的第二轴线的应变。
实施例18-根据实施例17所述的外科器械组件,其中所述第二轴线包括所述输出轴的外周边。
实施例19-根据实施例11、12、13、14或15所述的外科器械组件,还包括:第一应变仪,所述第一应变仪与所述电路电连通,其中所述第一应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述第一应变仪被构造成能够测量沿第一轴线的应变;和第二应变仪,所述第二应变仪与所述电路电连通,其中所述第二应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述第二应变仪被构造成能够测量沿第二轴线的应变。
实施例20-根据实施例19所述的外科器械组件,其中所述电路包括微处理器,其中所述微处理器被构造成能够基于从所述第一应变仪和所述第二应变仪获取的读数而计算总应变值。
实施例21-根据实施例11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20所述的外科器械组件,其中所述轴组件还包括钉仓,所述钉仓包括可移除地存储在其中的钉。
实施例22-根据实施例11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20或21所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器,所述传感器安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述传感器被构造成能够检测所述输出轴的参数。
实施例23-一种外科器械组件,所述外科器械组件包括:柄部;轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述驱动构件可操作地联接;电路,所述电路安装到所述输出轴;用于产生电磁场的装置;安装到所述输出轴的装置,用于当所述输出轴在所述电磁场内旋转时产生电力,并且用于向所述电路供应电力。
实施例24-根据实施例23所述的外科器械组件,其中所述轴组件还包括钉仓,所述钉仓包括可移除地存储在其中的钉。
实施例25-根据实施例23或24所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器,所述传感器安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述传感器被构造成能够检测所述输出轴的参数。
实施例26-根据实施例25所述的外科器械组件,还包括场发生器,所述场发生器被构造成能够产生场,所述场具有作为被所述传感器感测到的所述参数的函数的量值。
实施例27-根据实施例26所述的外科器械组件,其中所述传感器包括应变仪,并且所述参数包括应变。
以下专利的全部公开内容据此以引用方式并入本文:
公布于1995年4月4日的名称为“ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE”的美国专利5,403,312;
公布于2006年2月21日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVINGSEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS”的美国专利7,000,818;
公布于2008年9月9日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING ANDFASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK”的美国专利7,422,139;
公布于2008年12月16日的名称为“ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTWITH CLOSURE SYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS”的美国专利7,464,849;
公布于2010年3月2日的名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATINGEND EFFECTOR”的美国专利7,670,334;
公布于2010年7月13日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS”的美国专利7,753,245;
公布于2013年3月12日的名称为“SELECTIVELY ORIENTABLE IMPLANTABLEFASTENER CARTRIDGE”的美国专利8,393,514;
名称为“SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING RECORDING CAPABILITIES”的美国专利申请序列号11/343,803,现为美国专利7,845,537;
提交于2008年2月14日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENTHAVING RF ELECTRODES”的美国专利申请序列号12/031,573;
提交于2008年2月15日的名称为“END EFFECTORS FOR A SURGICAL CUTTING ANDSTAPLING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/031,873,现为美国专利号7,980,443;
名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号12/235,782,现为美国专利号8,210,411;
名称为“POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLYRETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM”美国专利申请序列号12/249,117,现为美国专利号8,608,045;
提交于2009年12月24日的名称为“MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTWITH ELECTRIC ACTUATOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ASSEMBLY”的美国专利申请序列号12/647,100,现为美国专利8,220,688;
提交于2012年9月29日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE”的美国专利申请序列号12/893,461,现为美国专利号8,733,613;
提交于2011年2月28日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT”的美国专利申请序列号13/036,647,现为美国专利号8,561,870;
名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENTARRANGEMENTS”的美国专利申请序列号13/118,241(现为美国专利申请公布2012/0298719);
提交于2012年6月15日的名称为“ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTCOMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE”的美国专利申请序列号13/524,049,现为美国专利申请公布2013/0334278;
提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSORSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,025;
提交于2013年3月13日的名称为“STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSORSYSTEM”的美国专利申请序列号13/800,067;
提交于2006年1月31日的名称为“SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENTWITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM”的美国专利申请公布2007/0175955;以及
提交于2010年4月22日的名称为“SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH ANARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR”的美国专利申请公布2010/0264194,现为美国专利8,308,040。
虽然本文已结合某些公开的实施方案对所述装置的多种实施方案进行了描述,但也可实施这些实施方案的许多修改和变型。另外,在公开用于某些部件的材料的情况下,可使用其它材料。此外,根据多种实施方案,单个部件可被替换为多个部件,并且多个部件也可被替换为单个部件,以执行给定的一种或多种功能。上述具体实施方式和下述权利要求旨在涵盖所有此类修改和变型。
本文所公开的装置可被设计成在单次使用后被丢弃,或者其可被设计成使用多次。然而,在任一种情况下,可修复装置以在至少一次使用之后重复使用。重新修复可包括以下步骤中的任意组合:拆卸该装置、然后清洗或更换特定零件、以及随后组装。具体地讲,可拆卸装置,并且可选择性地以任何组合形式替换或移除装置的任意数量的特定零件或部件。在清洁和/或替换特定部件后,可对装置进行重新组装,以便随后在修复设施处使用或就在外科规程之前由手术团队使用。本领域的技术人员将理解,修复装置可利用各种技术来进行拆卸、清洁/替换和重新组装。此类技术的使用和所得修复装置全部在本申请的范围内。
仅以举例的方式,可在外科手术之前对本文所述的实施方案进行处理。首先,可以获得新的或用过的器械,并且根据需要进行清洁。然后,可对器械进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将器械放置在闭合且密封的容器诸如塑料或TYVEK袋)中。然后可将容器和器械置于可穿透该容器的辐射场,例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子。辐射可以杀死器械上和容器中的细菌。消毒后的器械随后可被存放在无菌容器中。密封容器可将器械保持处于无菌状态,直至在医疗设施中将该容器打开。还可使用本领域已知的任何其它技术对装置进行消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β或γ辐射、环氧乙烷、等离子体过氧化物或蒸汽。
尽管本发明已被描述为具有示例性设计,但可在本公开的实质和范围内进一步修改本发明。因此,本申请旨在涵盖采用本发明一般原理的任何变型、用途或改型。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其它公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本公开所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。同样地并且在必要的程度下,本文明确阐述的公开内容取代以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。据称以引用方式并入本文但与本文列出的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,将仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入。
Claims (27)
1.一种外科器械组件,包括:
轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;
柄部,所述柄部包括电动马达;
永磁体,其中所述永磁体产生磁场;
可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述电动马达和所述驱动构件可操作地联接,其中所述输出轴能够通过所述电动马达围绕纵向轴线旋转;
线圈,所述线圈缠绕在所述输出轴上,其中所述线圈定位在所述磁场中,并且其中当所述可旋转的输出轴围绕所述纵向轴线旋转时,所述线圈在所述磁场内旋转,以在所述线圈中感应电流并且驱动所述驱动构件;
应变仪,所述应变仪安装到所述输出轴,所述应变仪被构造成能够检测当所述输出轴驱动所述驱动构件时所述输出轴内的应变;以及
电路,所述电路安装到所述输出轴,其中所述线圈和所述应变仪电联接到所述电路,并且其中所述电路由在所述线圈中感应的所述电流供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械组件,还包括场发生器,所述场发生器被构造成能够产生场,所述场具有作为被所述应变仪感测到的所述应变的函数的量值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械组件,还包括:
信号发射器,所述信号发射器安装到所述输出轴,其中所述信号发射器被构造成能够发射与由所述输出轴所经受的所述应变相关的无线信号;和
信号接收器,其中所述信号接收器被构造成能够接收所述无线信号。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿所述纵向轴线的应变。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿横向于所述纵向轴线的第二轴线的应变。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科器械组件,其中所述第二轴线包括所述输出轴的外周边。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪包括第一应变仪,所述第一应变仪被构造成能够测量沿第一轴线的应变,其中所述外科器械组件包括第二应变仪,所述第二应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述第二应变仪被构造成能够检测当所述输出轴驱动所述驱动构件时沿第二轴线在所述输出轴内产生的应变。
8.根据权利要求7所述的外科器械组件,其中所述电路包括微处理器,其中所述微处理器被构造成能够基于从所述第一应变仪和所述第二应变仪获取的读数来计算总应变值。
9.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械组件,其中所述轴组件还包括钉仓,所述钉仓包括可移除地存储在其中的钉。
10.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器,所述传感器安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述传感器被构造成能够检测所述输出轴的参数。
11.一种外科器械组件,包括:
柄部;
轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;
磁体,所述磁体被构造成能够产生磁场;
可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述驱动构件可操作地联接,其中所述可旋转的轴能够围绕纵向轴线旋转,以驱动所述驱动构件;
线圈,所述线圈缠绕在所述可旋转的输出轴上,其中所述线圈定位在所述磁场中,并且其中当所述可旋转的输出轴围绕所述纵向轴线旋转时,所述线圈在所述磁场内旋转,以在所述线圈中感应电流;以及
电路,所述电路安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述线圈电联接到所述电路,并且其中所述电路由在所述线圈中感应的所述电流供电。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,还包括:
传感器;和
场发生器,所述场发生器被构造成能够产生场,所述场具有作为被所述传感器感测到的参数的函数的量值。
13.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,其中所述磁体包括永磁体。
14.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,其中所述磁体包括电磁体。
15.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,还包括:
信号发射器,所述信号发射器安装到所述输出轴,其中所述信号发射器被构造成能够发射无线信号;和
信号接收器,其中所述信号接收器被构造成能够接收所述无线信号。
16.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,还包括应变仪,所述应变仪与所述电路电连通,其中所述应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿所述纵向轴线的应变。
17.根据权利要求16所述的外科器械组件,其中所述应变仪被构造成能够测量沿横向于所述纵向轴线的第二轴线的应变。
18.根据权利要求17所述的外科器械组件,其中所述第二轴线包括所述输出轴的外周边。
19.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,还包括:
第一应变仪,所述第一应变仪与所述电路电连通,其中所述第一应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述第一应变仪被构造成能够测量沿第一轴线的应变;和
第二应变仪,所述第二应变仪与所述电路电连通,其中所述第二应变仪安装到所述输出轴,并且其中所述第二应变仪被构造成能够测量沿第二轴线的应变。
20.根据权利要求19所述的外科器械组件,其中所述电路包括微处理器,其中所述微处理器被构造成能够基于从所述第一应变仪和所述第二应变仪获取的读数来计算总应变值。
21.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,其中所述轴组件还包括钉仓,所述钉仓包括可移除地存储在其中的钉。
22.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器,所述传感器安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述传感器被构造成能够检测所述输出轴的参数。
23.一种外科器械组件,包括:
柄部;
轴组件,所述轴组件包括驱动构件;
可旋转的输出轴,所述可旋转的输出轴与所述驱动构件可操作地联接;
电路,所述电路安装到所述输出轴;
用于产生电磁场的装置;以及
安装到所述输出轴的装置,用于当所述输出轴在所述电磁场内旋转时产生电力并向所述电路供应电力。
24.根据权利要求23所述的外科器械组件,其中所述轴组件还包括钉仓,所述钉仓包括可移除地存储在其中的钉。
25.根据权利要求23所述的外科器械组件,还包括传感器,所述传感器安装到所述可旋转的输出轴,其中所述传感器被构造成能够检测所述输出轴的参数。
26.根据权利要求25所述的外科器械组件,还包括场发生器,所述场发生器被构造成能够产生场,所述场具有作为被所述传感器感测到的所述参数的函数的量值。
27.根据权利要求26所述的外科器械组件,其中所述传感器包括应变仪,并且所述参数包括应变。
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EP3064141B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
WO2016144600A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
CN107567311B (zh) | 2020-12-25 |
BR112017019007B1 (pt) | 2022-07-19 |
EP3064141A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
EP3064141B8 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
JP2018507070A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
US9901342B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
BR112017019007A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
JP6808636B2 (ja) | 2021-01-06 |
US20200093484A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
US20160256162A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
US10772625B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 |
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