JP2008541814A - 手術器具 - Google Patents
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Abstract
前記顎部2が、開位置および閉位置の間でそれぞれ移動可能となるように互いに枢動可能に接続された第1および第2の顎部材3,4を有する顎部2を備える手術器具である。第1および第2の把手部材8,12は、前記第1および第2の顎部材3,4にそれぞれ接続され、前記第1および第2の把手部材はその先端部に中空管状部10,14をそれぞれ備える。前記第1および第2の顎部材3,4はその基端部にそれぞれ延長部6,7を備える。前記各延長部6,7の外径および各管状部10,14の内径は、前記各把手部材8,12が押し嵌め接合により前記顎部材3,4の1つとそれぞれ接続されるようになされている。製造上の寸法公差を許容するために、前記各延長部6,7は1つまたはそれ以上の外向きのリブ19a〜19jをそれぞれ備え、前記リブの高さが、前記各延長部6,7の第1の端部近傍の第1の高さから、前記延長部の第2の端部近傍の第2の高さにかけて高くなる。
Description
本発明は、手術器具に関するものであり、鉗子または剪刀を有するデバイスを備えるような手術器具に関する。
このようなデバイスを備える手術器具は長年に渡って知られているものであり、その初期の例としては1937年の特許文献1が挙げられる。
本発明はこのようなデバイスに新たな改良を試みたものである。
本発明は、開位置および閉位置の間でそれぞれ移動可能なように、互いに枢動可能に接続された第1および第2の顎部材を有する顎部と、前記第1および第2の顎部材にそれぞれ接続された第1および第2の把手部材とを備えた手術器具であって、前記第1および第2の把手部材のそれぞれが、その先端部に中空管状部を有し、かつ内径を有し、前記第1および第2の顎部材のそれぞれが、その基端部に延長部を有し、かつ外径を有し、各把手部材が、対応する顎部材と押し嵌め接合によって接続するようにされた手術器具を提供する。
本発明の器具は通常、開腹手術用器具である。つまり、観血療法(手術療法)時に用いられるようにデザインされた器具である。このような上記手術器具は、術者の指を受ける開口(指穴)を有し、ハサミのように把手を備える点で上述の特許文献1に記載された手術器具と類似している。この種の手術器具は、患者の身体の小さな開口部に挿入するための、長い回転軸を備えた作動素子を通常有する内視鏡手術用の類のものとは対照的である。
通常、前記器具は鉗子(ピンセット)または、それに代えて剪刀(ハサミ)であることとする。前記器具は電気外科的器具であり、前記顎部に1つまたはそれ以上の電極を備えていることが望ましい。米国登録特許公報第6511480号に記載されている、取り外し可能な電極部を備えるような先行技術のシステムとは対照的に、前記押し嵌め接合は常時接続である。前記押し嵌め接合は十分に頑丈であり、接続部分が外れるかもしれないという不安なく手術器具として過酷に使用できる。このように、本発明の接続は「一度きり」の接続であり、前記手術器具について推奨されている耐用期間中はその接続が持続するように設計されている。
前記押し嵌め接合によれば、前記器具のコスト、重量および構成部材の製造について改善することができる。例えば、単一のデザインでハンドルを製造し、種々のデザインの顎部(例えば鉗子、剪刀など)に接続することで、様々な器具を生産することができる。これに代えて、単一のデザインの顎部と、その顎部に取り付ける種々のデザインのハンドルによって様々な器具を生産することができる。これについては、ハンドルに対して種々のサイズや形のものが組み合わせられてもよく、あるいは、単に術者の好みに合わせた組み合わせとしてもよい。
変形例として、好ましくは前記各把手部材の先端部にある前記中空管状部が、ステンレス鋼のような実質的に非圧縮性の物質で形成されていることとする。この点は、一般的に軟質のプラスチックおよびゴム材料のようなエラストマーがよく用いられる他の押し嵌め接合とは大きく異なっている。通常、前記各顎部材の前記基端部にある前記延長部についても、ステンレス鋼のような実質的に非圧縮性の物質で形成されていることとする。
前記各顎部材の前記基端部にある前記延長部が、好ましくは前記顎部の先端近傍の第1の端部および顎部の本体近傍の第2の端部を有し、1つまたはそれ以上の外向きのリブを備え、前記延長部の前記第1の端部近傍の第1の高さから前記延長部の前記第2の端部近傍の第2の高さにかけて各リブの高さが高くなっていることとする。つまり、前記延長部の前記第1の端部は前記延長部の先端側の端部であり、前記延長部の前記第2の端部は前記延長部が前記顎部の本体に接続されている側の端部である。これらの表現「基端部」および「先端部」は、概して手術器具に関して全般的に用いられうるものとして使用され、前記延長部のような特別な構成要素とは対照的な表現である。
好ましくは各顎部材の前記延長部が、該延長部に沿って長手方向に、あるいは該延長部の周囲に半径方向に延在する複数のリブを備えていることとする。前記管状部材および前記延長部について製造上の寸法公差があったとしても、前記リブにより、前記顎部材と前記把手部材との間に、単独で押し嵌め接合を設けることができる。前記リブは、2つの構成要素のサイズの多少のばらつきについて適合することができ、過度に緩い押し嵌め接合を形成することがなく、取り付けが非常に困難になることもない。
通常、前記各中空管状部の内径が第1の製造上の寸法公差を有しており、対応する前記延長部の前記リブの高さは第2の製造上の寸法公差を有する。前記リブの高さは、最小材料状態(the Least Material Condition)であるような場合、各中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さの範囲であることとする。ここで最小材料状態とは、顎部材の前記延長部について製造上の寸法公差内で許容される最小直径である状態をなすことを意味し、対応する前記管状部の内径が製造上の寸法公差内で許容される最大直径である状態をなすことを意味する。つまり、最小材料状態とは、製造上の寸法公差内で許容されうるかぎり最も緩い嵌め合わせを意味する。このような最も緩い嵌め合わせであっても、前記リブの高さが漸次変わることで、1つまたはそれ以上の前記リブが、対応する前記管状部の内径に締まり嵌め(干渉はまり)を形成することとなる。好ましくは、各延長部の前記リブの高さが最小材料状態であるような場合に、対応する前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さまでの範囲のうち中央3分の1の範囲であることとする。例えば、各延長部について半径方向に延在する9つのリブがあり、前記リブの高さが漸次高くなる場合、対応する前記管状部の内径が第4番目から第6番目のリブに締まり嵌めを形成することとなる。このように、最小材料状態であっても、前記各管状部が、対応する前記延長部にあるいくつかの前記リブと締まり嵌めを形成することとなる。
さらに、好ましくは、前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが、最大材料状態(the Maximum Material Condition)であるような場合、対応する前記中空管状部の内径が、前記第1の高さより大きいあるいは同一の高さとなるようになされていることとする。ここで最大材料状態とは、顎部材の前記延長部が製造上の寸法公差内で許容される最大直径であり、対応する前記管状部の内径が製造上の寸法公差内で許容される最小直径である状態を意味する。つまり、最大材料状態とは、製造上の寸法公差内で許容されうるかぎり最も緊密な嵌め合わせを意味する。このような最も緊密な嵌め合わせであっても、前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが漸次変わることで、対応する前記管状部の内径が少なくとも1つの前記リブと嵌合し、締まり嵌めを形成することとなる。
上述のように、前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが、通常、前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さにかけて、一定の連続性をもって高くなる。変形例としては、種々のリブごとのグループがあり、グループごとにリブの高さが異なり、各グループは全て同じ高さのリブを有することとしてもよい。簡易な変形例の一例として、第1の高さを有する1つまたはそれ以上の付加的なリブを前記各延長部の第1の端部近傍に備えることとしてもよい。つまり、最大材料状態である場合、対応する前記管状部に締まり嵌めされる前記各延長部が同じ高さのリブをいくつか有することとなる。これに代えてまたは付加的に、第2の高さを有する付加的な1つまたはそれ以上のリブを前記各延長部の第2の端部近傍に通常備えることとしてもよい。
本発明について、添付の図面を参照し例示的な方法によりさらに詳細に説明する。
図面を参照すると、図1は、枢動ピン5によって互いに枢動可能に接続されている第1の顎部材3および第2の顎部材4を有する顎部2を備える指穴付き鉗子1を示している。顎部材3はその基端部に延長部6を備えており、顎部材4は同様に延長部7を備えている。
図面を参照すると、図1は、枢動ピン5によって互いに枢動可能に接続されている第1の顎部材3および第2の顎部材4を有する顎部2を備える指穴付き鉗子1を示している。顎部材3はその基端部に延長部6を備えており、顎部材4は同様に延長部7を備えている。
第1の把手部材8は本体部分9と、前記本体部分に結合された管状部10と、上記把手部材の基端部にあるグリップ部11とを備える前記第1の把手部材である。前記把手部材8の前記本体部分9は前記管状部10の上を覆うように成形されている。前記把手部材8は、前記延長部6と押し嵌め接合を形成する前記管状部10によって前記顎部材3に取り付けられる。同様の方法により、第2の把手部材12は、本体部分13と、前記本体部分に結合された管状部14と、上記把手部材の基端部にあるグリップ部15とを備える前記第2の把手部材である。前記把手部材12は、前記延長部7と押し嵌め接合を形成する前記管状部14によって前記顎部材4に取り付けられる。
前記把手部材8,12を動かすことにより、前記顎部材3,4が互いに連動して開閉し、これらの顎部材の間に組織をしっかりと挟むことができる。ラチェット機構16は各把手部材8,12を備えており、各把手部材を共に閉位置に動かした際に上記把手部材がロックされることとなる。
図2に、一の方向に前記延長部6、他の方向に顎部18を有する中央本体部17を備える前記顎部材3がより詳細に示されている。前記延長部6は単独の部材であり、一連のリブ19を備えている。前記リブは図3においてより詳細に示されている。
前記延長部6は、該延長部における第1の端部21近傍のテーパ状の導入部20から、前記顎部材3の中央本体部17の方へと、前記延長部の第2の端部22まで延在する10個のリブ19a〜19jを備えている。図3の例では前記リブ19a〜19jは、表1に示される直径を有する。すべての寸法はmm(インチ)で表示されており、±0.0254mm(0.001インチ)の公差を有する。
前記把手部材8の前記管状部10は4.0894±0.0254mm(0.161±0.001インチ)の内径を有するとすると、4.064と4.1148mm(0.160と0.162インチ)間の変動が可能となる。最小材料状態である場合、前記管状部10は内径が4.1148mm(0.162インチ)となり、前記リブ19a〜19jの値については表1の値から0.0254mm(0.001インチ)を差し引いて得られることとなる。これにより前記管状部10は、前記リブ19a〜19eを通過し、前記リブ19f〜19jと締まり嵌めを形成することとなる。物質(ステンレス鋼)の圧縮性と、前記顎部材3に前記把手部材8を取り付ける機構にかかる力とに応じて、前記管状部10は前記リブ19f〜19jのいくつかまたは全てのリブと係合されることとなる。前記把手部材8の取り付けを自動機械化する際には、前記管状部に割れが生じることなく、前記管状部10と前記リブ19f〜19jとを結合することができる。よって、前記管状部10内に前記延長部6を固定している5個のリブ(19f〜19j)があることとなる。
最大材料状態である場合、前記管状部10は内径が4.064mm(0.160インチ)であり、前記リブ19a〜19jは上記の値に0.0254mm(0.001インチ)を加えて得られる値となる。これにより前記管状部10は前記リブ19a〜19jの全てと締まり嵌めを形成することとなる。よって、前記管状部10内で前記延長部6を固定している10個のリブ(19a〜19j)があることとなる。同様の態様で、把手部材12が前記顎部材4の前記延長部と固締されることは記載せずとも十分理解されるであろう。
上述の説明から明らかなように、製造された構成要素の寸法公差によらず、前記リブ19a〜19jの規定により前記把手部材8,12および顎部材3,4の間に確実に押し嵌め接合をなすことができる。これにより、非常に厳しい寸法公差で精密研磨によって製造されるものとは対照的に、標準寸法公差±0.0254mm(±0.001インチ)で構成要素を成形により製造することができる。
図4は、前記延長部6にそって長手方向に延在する前記リブ19a〜19jについての変形例を示す。前記リブ19a〜19jは、第1に、前記延長部の第1の端部21近傍にかけて相対的にリブの高さが低くなり、第2に、前記延長部の第2の端部22近傍にかけて、より顕著なリブの高さとなるようになされた勾配を有することとする。前記リブ19a〜19jの高さが最小材料状態であるような場合、前記中空管状部10の内径が前記リブ19a〜19jの中央3分の1の範囲であることとしてもよい。これにより、前記管状部10が最も緩い状態の場合であっても、長手方向に延在する前記リブ19a〜19jの実質的に軸方向の長さの範囲で係止されることとなる。同様に前記リブ19a〜19jの高さが最大材料状態であるような場合、前記中空管状部10の内径が前記第1の高さに等しいまたはそれ以上であることとする。このように、前記管状部10との接続が最も緊密な場合、長手方向に延在する前記リブ19a〜19jの範囲内で係合されるように、前記リブ19a〜19jの最も浅い部分で嵌め合わされて係止することとなる。
Claims (21)
- 開位置および閉位置の間でそれぞれ移動可能なように、互いに枢動可能に接続された第1および第2の顎部材を有する顎部と、
前記第1および第2の顎部材にそれぞれ常時接続された第1および第2の把手部材とを備えた手術器具であって、
前記第1および第2の把手部材のそれぞれが、その先端部に中空管状部を有し、かつ内径を有し、
前記第1および第2の顎部材のそれぞれが、その基端部に延長部を有し、かつ外径を有し、
各把手部材が、対応する顎部材と押し嵌め接合によって単独で接続するようにされた手術器具。 - 前記手術器具が開腹手術用の器具である請求項1に記載の手術器具。
- 前記手術器具が鉗子である請求項1に記載の手術器具。
- 前記手術器具が剪刀である請求項1に記載の手術器具。
- 前記手術器具が電気外科的器具である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各把手部材の先端部にある中空管状部が実質的に非圧縮性の物質で形成される請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各顎部材の基端部にある延長部が実質的に非圧縮性の物質で形成される請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各顎部材の基端部にある前記延長部が、その先端近傍の第1の端部と、前記顎部の本体近傍の第2の端部と、1つまたはそれ以上の外向きのリブとを備え、1つまたはそれ以上のリブまたは各リブの高さが、前記延長部の第1の端部近傍の第1の高さから前記延長部の第2の端部近傍の第2の高さにかけて高くなる請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各顎部材の前記延長部が複数のリブを備える請求項8に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブが前記延長部に沿って長手方向に延在する請求項9に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各中空管状部の内径が第1の寸法公差を有し、対応する前記延長部の前記リブの高さが第2の寸法公差を有し、前記リブの高さが最小材料状態である場合、つまり、製造上の寸法公差内で許容されうるかぎり最も緩く嵌められるような場合、前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さの範囲である請求項10に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが最小材料状態であるような場合、対応する前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さの範囲のうち、中央3分の1の範囲内である請求項11に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが最大材料状態である場合、つまり、製造上の寸法公差内で許容されうるかぎり最も緊密に嵌められるような場合、対応する前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さに等しいまたはそれ以上である請求項10から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが、前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さにかけて所定の割合で高くなる請求項10から請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブが該延長部の周囲に沿って半径方向に延在する請求項9に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各中空管状部の内径が第1の寸法公差を有し、対応する前記延長部の前記リブの高さが第2の寸法公差を有し、前記リブの高さが最小材料状態であるような場合、前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さの範囲である請求項15に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが最小材料状態であるような場合、対応する前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さの範囲のうち中央3分の1の範囲内である請求項16に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが最大材料状態であるような場合、対応する前記中空管状部の内径が前記第1の高さに等しいまたはそれ以上である請求項15から請求項17のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記リブの高さが、前記第1の高さから前記第2の高さにかけて所定の割合で高くなる請求項15から請求項18のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記第1の端部近傍の前記第1の高さで1つまたはそれ以上の付加的なリブを有する請求項15から請求項19のいずれかに記載の手術器具。
- 前記各延長部の前記第2の端部近傍の前記第2の高さで1つまたはそれ以上の付加的なリブを有する請求項15から請求項20のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US68436405P | 2005-05-25 | 2005-05-25 | |
PCT/GB2006/001535 WO2006125940A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-04-26 | A surgical instrument |
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JP2008541814A true JP2008541814A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2008512895A Pending JP2008541814A (ja) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-04-26 | 手術器具 |
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US (1) | US20060271102A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1883358B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2008541814A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101184445B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE450215T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2006251051B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602006010849D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006125940A1 (ja) |
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JP2010200838A (ja) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-16 | Hogi Medical:Kk | 鉗子 |
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- 2006-04-26 WO PCT/GB2006/001535 patent/WO2006125940A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2006-04-26 AU AU2006251051A patent/AU2006251051B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
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CN101184445B (zh) | 2010-05-19 |
US20060271102A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EP1883358A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
WO2006125940A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EP1883358B1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
DE602006010849D1 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
AU2006251051B2 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
CN101184445A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
AU2006251051A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
ATE450215T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
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