USRE19792E

USRE19792E - Fastener

Info

Publication number: USRE19792E
Authority: US
Priority date: 1923-12-22
Publication date: 1935-12-17
Also published as: US1978329A

Description

Dec. '17, 1935. I ROSENBERG Re. 19,792

FASTENER Ori inal Filed Dec. 22, 1923 Rea -cause. 11, 1935 This relates to improvements in art whichare'alsowelladaptedforuseinconiuncv ,tion with The object in-viewistheproductlon ofasimple and,andyetvcryeffective,means of'anchorage or connection. A further object is the'achieving of anchoragein'thehardermetalasuchassoftiron soft steel, by longitudinal stress delivered toafastener.asbyahammerblow,andtherecausing the fastener to be anchoredin the material of the metal work through mod frietionslengagementofafa'stenerwithsuch incident to modification of the material of "with this and further objects in view as will inparthereinafterbecome apparentandinpart be. the invention certain novel constructions, combinations and arrangements overthesisesordinarilyemployedincommerce,

Iigures2,3.'4,5,and8areviewssim ilarto Figure 1 of, diiferent slightly modified embodiment'sthe Figure? isa'transversesectiontakenonthe plane indicated by line '|I of Figure 3, and

looking downward.

Referring to the drawing by numerals, I indicaies a pin-like body having a driving head 2 at one end and a pilot 3 forming the terminus of the other end of the body. Immediately above .the pilot, that is, in the direction toward the head. the body is formed with outstanding annuiar ribs 4, l, lying parallel to each other and at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body. Between theribs I isan annular valley or depression I. and below the lower rib is 50 of a valley extending into'the'body I. Each of the ribs I has an inclined under face and a flat upper face so that the upper face lies in a single plane intersecting the axis ofthe pin at right angles. u'lhus, each rib l is a relatively short cone mm with its base facing upwardor um Rosenberg, New York. N. r.

ougmum. 1.91m, dated Serial No. sate-u. Deeembq' 22, 1923. Appiioa- I 2:360:- l'eiasllc Harem her 0, 1935, Serial No.

. 15 Claims. (Cl. ss-zn iiicationof such material-as from invention, intermediate parts beingbroken out, andthepartsbeingseenonanexaggeratedscale the magnification being utilised for clearness of an annular depression I forming that portion PATENT OFFICE October 28, 193 4,-

inthedirectiontowardthehammer-drivenend 'ofthefastener.

jury to the ribs. Reference herein and in the appended claims to the hardened condition of theribslistobeunderstoodtoincludethat degree of hardness just mentioned, and to the end of providing this hardened condition. as a matter of facility and commercial practicability, the fastener is preferably formed of soft iron or soft steel and then case-hardened as by the well cyaniding process. 15

In operation and in practicing'of the art-the fastener may be employed as a means of anchoragedirectlytoabodyofhardmetalsuchas steel or iron or-other hard flowable material. or

as a means of connection of one plateof such.

material to another, and in either instance an apertur'eorrecess isformed in the material to beengaged,therecessbeingofa crosssectional area equal toand slightly greater thanthe cross sectionofthebodyLbutnotequaltothediameter of one of the ribs I. and-in the instance of arecess,suchrecessisformed ofadepthequal at least to the distance to which the fastener istobedrivenin. Thepilotiisinsertedinsuch aperture or recess, and theheadlisdrlvemas by a hammer blow or other requisite stress, for

- moving the fastener into the recess or aperture and thereby causing the material engaged to flow or move first sumciently away from the body I topermit the passage of a rib l. and then'to'flow back to a position overlapping such rib and to have a similar action with respect to the next rib 4. An interlock is thus effected between the fastener and the material engaged which eifecw tively resists stress tending to withdraw the fastener. It isto be noted that the valley I is of a depth suflicient to cause its base to have a diameter less than the diameter of the body I, and it is also to be understood that reference to direction throughout this specification and the appended claims assumes the fastener to be in nular ribs s of substantially the same form as ribs I, except that the ribs i spring from the surface or periphery of and the valley s Q between the ribs, therefore, does not extend within the body itself.

. In Figures 3 and 7 isillustrated a still further embodiment of the fastener in which the body I is substantially identical with the body I of Figure 1, and is provided with ribs I I, II, with a valley I2 therebetween, but in this instance the ribs are not'annular, but are interrupted at a series a of places, as indicated at IS. The spaces or interruptions -l3 between the segments of the otherwise annular ribs ll enable portions of the engaged material to remain in place and form interlocking longitudinal ribs with portions overlying the several ends of the several segments making up the ribs Ii.

Figure 4 shows a structure identical with the showing in Figure 2 except that a greater number of annular ribs is employed. In this figure, the

body of the fastener is provided with the usual pilot l4 and from the upper end of the pilot l4 to the head ii of the body of thepin-like'fastener is provided with outstanding ribs l6, It. The ribs it have the usual valleys l1 separating I the same.

- annular ribs.

In Figure 5 is shown a structure similar to Figure 4, but differing therefrom in that the ribs are cut away and thus form segments instead of In this figure, It indicates the body of the fastener having the pilot l9, and the ribs all of which are interrupted at 2|, 2!. The openings II in the length of the ribs leave them in the form of segments, corresponding to the structure seen in Figure 3 and diifering therefrom only in the presence of a greater number of the ribs.

Referring more particularly to Figure a6, the

usual driving head is provided on-the body of thepin, and'at the opposite end the usual pilot 23 with

annular ribs

24, 24 disposed transversely of the longitudinal axis of the pin and in numbers sufiicient to extend from the pilot .2! to the head 22. Each rib 24, insteadof being formed with a flat or horizontal surface at its upper face, is provided with an inclined surface of an opposite inclination to that of the under surface. Thus,

while the fastener seen in Figure 6 will function substantially the sameas the other structures shown, it possesses less capacity for resistance to a withdrawing strain, and, in fact, is intended to enable withdrawal under suincient stress. Nevertheless th form of the ribs 24 is such as to insure an oyerlap of the material engaged which will firmly retain the fastener in position and resist a large amount of withdrawing stress.-

In the industrial art of fasteners of the hammer-driven type for anchorage in the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, it has heretofore been proposed to provide frictional engagement of a fastener to metal work by forming ribs, threads or other projections outstanding from the body of a fastener and of suflicient- .ly soft material with respect to the work to be gagement that for some purposes may be success.-

fully used, but does not give such an anchorage as will resist vibration loosening or resist any sub stantial withdrawal stress. Whereas, by contrast.

the present invention, involving as it does the concept and practice of modifying the contour of the material of the work without substantial or appreciable modification of the material of the fastener, causes the work to assume such a relation to the fastener that the fastener will not vibrate loose and cannot ordinarily be pulled out without severing-the overhanging material of the work or breaking the fastener; and in actual practice where the properly proportioned fastener is employed with respect to a given aperture in the harder metals, such as soft iron and soft steel, the fastener having first been sufllciently driven into the work can not be withdrawn by any pulling force exerted on the headed end of the fastener,,but will, as indicated by innumerable tests, breakin two leaving the inner portion of the fastener anchored in the work.

What is claimed is:

1. A fastener for metal work comprising a pinlike body having a cylindrical pilot at its entering end and a non-spiral, circumferentially disposed outstanding rib having its entering face inclined toward the pilot, the pilot having a flat entering end, and the rib being hardened suillciently for entering metal work, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the rib.

2. A hammer-driven fastener comprising a cylindrical pin-like body having a series of .circum ferentially disposed ribs eachhaving a face inclined'toward the entering end of the body hardened sufiiciently for entering metal such as soft iron and soft steel, substantially with'out injury to such face, and each of the ribs lying in planes intersecting the axis of the body substantially at right angles, and each of said ribs being interrupted at a plurality of places to'form segments, the places of interruption of one rib being alined with those of the adjacent rib for exposing rounded portions of the body elongated in the direction of the length of the body.

3. A fastener comprising a' pin-like body having a non-spiral, circumferentially extending anchoring rib, the rib being hardened suiliciently for entering metal work, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to the rib.

4. A hammer-driven fastener comprising a pinlike body having a generally circumferentiallyextending anchoring rib outstanding from the bodywith a face inclined toward the entering end of the body andthe rib being hardened sufliciently and the pitch of the inclination of the said face of the rib being such as to enable the rib to enter metal, such as soft iron and soft steel, under the action of a hammer blow against the outer end of the body substantially without injury to the rib.

5. In the art of anchorage, the combination of the steps of flowing material of work of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially radially away from a pin body, and then flowing the said material substantially radially back toward the body to an overhanging position.relative to the body of part thereof. i

6. In the art of anchorage, the combination of steps as claimed in claim 5 with the step of conflningthe flowing material substantially against lateral escape from the stresses occasioning the radial movements.

7. In the art of anchorage, the combination of steps as claimed in claim 5 wherein the radial flowing of the material occurs at diametrically u opposite. places relative to the pin.

r nbodyhasa 8. In the finer anchorage. the combination of steps as cl ed in claim 5 wherein the radial flowing of the material occurs substantially at all points about the pin in at least one transverse plane thereof.

9. In the art of anchorage, the combination of steps as claimed in claim 5 wherein the pin is located completely surrounded by the work material to be thus flowed.

10. In the art of anchorage, anchoring a fastener to work comprising the combination of the steps of encircling a fastener body with material of work of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, and flowing in a substantially unitary mass movement a continuous portion of said material surrounding the fastener first in a direction away from and then toward the body of the fastener to an interlocked engagement with the fastener.

11. In the art of anchorage of fasteners in the harder metals, such as soft iron and soft steel, the combination of the steps of inserting into an opening in such metal work a pin-like fastener body having an outstanding projection, the opening in the work being of as great or greater cross section than the body of the fastener-and of less cross section than the body and its outstanding projection, and deforming material of the metal of'the work while retaining the projection sub- 30' stantially against deformation while advancing the pin into the work until the projection reaches an anchored condition in the work resisting vibration loosening.

12. In the art of anchorage, the combination of the steps of the flowing material of work of the harder metals. such as soft iron and soft steel,

' substantially radially away from a pin body, and then flowing the said material substantially radially back toward the body to an ov position relative to the bodyor part thereof, the flowed material comprising a continuous, un-

broken undul'ation surrounding the pin body.

13. In the art of anchorage, forming a substantially cylindrical opening in metal work of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, introducing into said opening. the entering end of a substantially cylindrical pin body, which circumferentially disposed rib outstanding from the body and vlying in planes intersecting the axis of the body substantially at right angles, the rib having a face inclined toward the entering end of the pin body and hardened sufliciently for entering the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to such face, the opening in the metal work being of greater diameter than the diameter of the pin body and less diameter than the diameter of the rib, and forcing the 3 pin body longitudinally into-the sufilpin body to accommodate ciently for causing the inclined face of the rib toengage and flow the material of the surround-v ing work substantially radially away from the the passage of the rib and thereafter causing return flow of material of said work to a position overhanging said rib.

14. In the art of anchorage, forming asubstantially cylindrical opening in metal work of the harder metals. such as soft iron or soft steel. introducing into said opening the entering end of a substantially cylindrical pin body, which pin body has a circumferentially disposed rib outstanding from the body and lying in planes intersecting the axis of the body substantially at right angles, the rib having a face inclined toward the entering end of the pin body andhardened sufficiently for entering the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without injury to such face, the opening in the metal work being of greater diameter than the diameter of the pin body and less diameter than the diameter of the rib, and forcing the pin body longitudinally into the opening suillcientiy for causing the inclined face of the rib to engage and flow the material of the surrounding work substantially radially 2 away from the pin body to accommodate the passage of the rib. and thereafter causing return flow of material of said work to a position overhanging said rib, the rib being continuous and uninterrupted, and the flowed metal of the work beingjmilarly uninterrupted.

15. In the art of anchorage. forming a substantially cylindrical opening in metal work, of the harder metals, such as soft iron or soft steel, introducing into said a substantially cylindrical pin body, which pin body has a circumferentially disposed rib outstanding from the body and lying in planes intersecting the axis of the body substantially at right angles, the rib having the entering end of the pin body and hardened sufficiently for entering the harder metals, such.

opening the entering end of 35 4 a face inclined toward 0 as soft iron or soft steel, substantially without inv opening in the metal work rib, the said rib being inbetween the spaced ends BEYMAN e diameter than the diameter of substantially 50 of said work to a posi- 1 a longitudinal ridge in the 5