WO2017133379A1 - 适配器和充电控制方法 - Google Patents

适配器和充电控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133379A1
WO2017133379A1 PCT/CN2017/070516 CN2017070516W WO2017133379A1 WO 2017133379 A1 WO2017133379 A1 WO 2017133379A1 CN 2017070516 W CN2017070516 W CN 2017070516W WO 2017133379 A1 WO2017133379 A1 WO 2017133379A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adapter
charged
charging
voltage
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/070516
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田晨
张加亮
Original Assignee
广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CN2016/073679 external-priority patent/WO2017133001A1/zh
Application filed by 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority to EP17746699.2A priority Critical patent/EP3413429B1/en
Priority to US15/561,713 priority patent/US10581264B2/en
Priority to ES17746699T priority patent/ES2857570T3/es
Priority to CN201780002632.3A priority patent/CN108141058B/zh
Priority to JP2018508703A priority patent/JP6810738B2/ja
Priority to KR1020187004498A priority patent/KR102227157B1/ko
Priority to TW106124406A priority patent/TWI661291B/zh
Publication of WO2017133379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133379A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10—Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of charging and, more particularly, to an adapter and charging control method.
  • An adapter also known as a power adapter, is used to charge a device to be charged, such as a terminal.
  • a device to be charged such as a terminal
  • adapters on the market usually charge a device to be charged (such as a terminal) in a constant voltage manner. Since the battery in the device to be charged is generally a lithium battery, charging the device to be charged by using a constant voltage method is liable to cause lithium deposition, resulting in a decrease in battery life.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an adapter and a charging control method to reduce lithium deposition of a battery and improve the service life of the battery.
  • an adapter comprising: a power conversion unit for converting an input alternating current to obtain an output voltage and an output current of the adapter, wherein an output current of the adapter is alternating current or pulsating a voltage holding unit, the input end of the voltage holding unit is connected to the power conversion unit, configured to acquire an input voltage of a pulsation waveform from the power conversion unit, and convert an input voltage of the pulsation waveform into a target voltage, An output of the voltage holding unit is coupled to a device in the adapter to power the device using the target voltage, wherein a peak of the target voltage is between a lowest operating voltage and a highest operating voltage of the device .
  • a charging control method is provided, the method being applied to an adapter, the adapter comprising a power conversion unit, wherein the power conversion unit is configured to convert an input alternating current to obtain an output voltage and an output of the adapter a current, wherein the output current of the adapter is alternating current or pulsating direct current, the method comprising: acquiring an input voltage of a pulsation waveform from the power conversion unit, converting an input voltage of the pulsation waveform into a target voltage, the target voltage The peak value is between the lowest operating voltage and the highest operating voltage of the device in the adapter; the target voltage is used to power the device.
  • the output current of the adapter of the embodiment of the invention is alternating current or pulsating direct current, alternating current or
  • the pulsating direct current can reduce the lithium deposition phenomenon of the battery, reduce the probability and intensity of the arc of the contact of the charging interface, and improve the life of the charging interface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of a pulsation waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4A is a schematic diagram of a connection manner between a second adapter and a device to be charged according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4B is a schematic diagram of a fast charge communication process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of pulsating direct current in a constant current mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a first adapter for charging a device to be charged, such as a terminal, is mentioned in the related art.
  • the first adapter operates in a constant voltage mode. In the constant voltage mode, the voltage output by the first adapter is maintained substantially constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V or 20V.
  • the voltage output by the first adapter is not suitable for direct loading to both ends of the battery, but needs to be converted by a conversion circuit in a device to be charged (such as a terminal) to obtain a battery expected in the device to be charged (such as a terminal). Charging voltage and / or charging current.
  • a conversion circuit is used to transform the voltage output by the first adapter to meet the demand for the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery.
  • the conversion circuit can refer to a charge management module, such as an integrated circuit (IC). Used to charge the battery during charging of the battery and / Or charge current is managed.
  • the conversion circuit has the function of a voltage feedback module and/or has the function of a current feedback module to enable management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the charging process of the battery may include one or more of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a current feedback loop such that the current entering the battery during the trickle charge phase meets the magnitude of the charge current expected by the battery (eg, the first charge current).
  • the conversion circuit can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current entering the battery during the constant current charging phase meets the expected charging current of the battery (eg, the second charging current, which can be greater than the first charging current) .
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a voltage feedback loop such that the voltage applied across the battery during the constant voltage charging phase meets the expected charging voltage of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit when the voltage output by the first adapter is greater than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit may be configured to perform a step-down process on the voltage output by the first adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down conversion satisfies the battery Expected charging voltage requirements. As still another example, when the voltage output by the first adapter is less than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit may be configured to perform a voltage boosting process on the voltage output by the first adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the boosting conversion satisfies the battery. The expected charging voltage requirement.
  • the conversion circuit for example, Buck is lowered.
  • the voltage circuit can perform a step-down process on the voltage outputted by the first adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the voltage reduction satisfies the charging voltage demand expected by the battery.
  • a conversion circuit (such as a boost voltage boosting circuit) can boost the voltage outputted by the first adapter so that the charging voltage obtained after boosting satisfies the charging voltage demand expected by the battery.
  • the conversion circuit is limited by the low conversion efficiency of the circuit, so that the electric energy of the unconverted portion is dissipated as heat. This part of the heat will be focused inside the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the design space and heat dissipation space of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) are small (for example, the physical size of the mobile terminal used by the user is getting thinner and lighter, and a large number of electronic components are densely arranged in the mobile terminal to improve the performance of the mobile terminal. ), this not only improves the design difficulty of the conversion circuit, but also causes the heat focused on the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to be difficult to remove in time, thereby causing the device to be charged (such as the terminal). Anomaly.
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the electronic components near the conversion circuit, causing abnormal operation of the electronic components.
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may shorten the life of the conversion circuit and nearby electronic components.
  • the heat accumulated on the circuit may cause thermal interference to the battery, which may cause abnormal battery charging and discharging.
  • the heat accumulated on the circuit which may cause the temperature of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to rise, which affects the user's experience in charging.
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause a short circuit of the conversion circuit itself, so that the voltage outputted by the first adapter is directly loaded on both ends of the battery, causing charging abnormality. If the battery is in an overvoltage state for a long time, it may even cause The explosion of the battery jeopardizes user safety.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a second adapter whose output voltage is adjustable.
  • the second adapter is capable of acquiring status information of the battery.
  • the status information of the battery may include current battery information and/or voltage information of the battery.
  • the second adapter can adjust the output voltage of the second adapter itself according to the acquired state information of the battery to meet the demand of the charging voltage and/or the charging current expected by the battery. Further, during the constant current charging phase of the battery charging process, the voltage outputted by the second adapter can be directly loaded at both ends of the battery to charge the battery.
  • the second adapter may have the function of a voltage feedback module and the function of a current feedback module to enable management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the second adapter adjusts the output voltage of the second adapter according to the acquired state information of the battery, and the second adapter can obtain the state information of the battery in real time, and according to the real-time status information of the obtained battery each time.
  • the voltage output by the second adapter itself is adjusted to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the second adapter adjusts the output voltage of the second adapter according to the state information of the battery acquired in real time.
  • the second adapter can obtain the current state of the battery at different times during the charging process as the battery voltage increases during the charging process. Status information, and adjust the output voltage of the second adapter itself in real time according to the current state information of the battery to meet the demand of the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery.
  • the charging process of the battery may include one or more of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the second adapter can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current output by the second adapter during the trickle charge phase and the current entering the battery meets the demand for the battery's expected charging current (eg, the first charging current).
  • the second adapter can utilize a current feedback loop to be output by the second adapter and into the battery during the constant current charging phase.
  • the current meets the demand of the charging current expected by the battery (such as the second charging current, the second charging current can be greater than the first charging current), and, in the constant current charging phase, the second adapter can directly load the output charging voltage. Charge the battery at both ends of the battery.
  • the second adapter can utilize a voltage feedback loop such that the voltage output by the second adapter during the constant voltage charging phase meets the demand for the charging voltage expected by the battery.
  • the voltage output by the second adapter may be processed in a manner similar to that of the first adapter, that is, through a conversion circuit in a device to be charged (eg, a terminal) to obtain a device to be charged (eg, The expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery within the terminal).
  • a conversion circuit in a device to be charged eg, a terminal
  • a device to be charged eg, The expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery within the terminal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second adapter 10 of FIG. 1 includes a power conversion unit 11 and a voltage holding unit 12.
  • the power conversion unit 11 is configured to convert the input alternating current to obtain an output voltage and an output current of the second adapter 10, wherein the output current of the second adapter is alternating current or pulsating direct current.
  • the input end of the voltage holding unit 12 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 for acquiring an input voltage of the pulsation waveform from the power conversion unit, converting the input voltage of the pulsation waveform into a target voltage, and the output of the voltage holding unit and the second adapter
  • the device is connected and the target voltage is used to power the device, where the peak value of the target voltage is between the lowest operating voltage and the highest operating voltage of the device.
  • the output current of the second adapter of the embodiment of the invention is alternating current or pulsating direct current, and the alternating current or the pulsating direct current can reduce the lithium deposition phenomenon of the battery, reduce the probability and intensity of the arc of the contact of the charging interface, and improve the life of the charging interface.
  • the supply voltage of some of the second adapters is provided by the VBUS (or bus) of the second adapter, and when the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal), if the voltage on the VBUS is too low , then it is possible that these devices will enter the undervoltage protection state and will not work properly.
  • the second adapter in the embodiment of the present invention introduces the voltage holding unit 12, and the voltage holding unit 12 can convert the input voltage of the pulsation waveform acquired from the power conversion unit 11 into a target voltage that satisfies the normal operation of the device, so that The devices in the second adapter are working properly.
  • the second adapter 10 may be a second adapter operating in a constant current mode, that is, in the constant current mode, the second adapter 10 may adopt the above-described alternating current or pulsating DC power.
  • the charging device (such as the terminal) is charged.
  • the output voltage of VBUS will constantly match the power of the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the cell voltage that is, the output voltage of VBUS will increase as the voltage across the battery increases.
  • the output voltage of VBUS is generally low.
  • the device powered by VBUS may be because The output voltage of VBUS is too low to work properly, which causes the charging process of the second adapter to fail.
  • the embodiment of the present invention ensures that the device in the second adapter can operate normally in the constant current mode based on the voltage holding unit 12.
  • the manner in which the second adapter outputs the alternating current or the pulsating direct current is not specifically limited.
  • the current of the primary coupling of the power conversion unit 11 to the secondary may be directly output or output after simple processing, and the output current of the second adapter may be alternating current.
  • the current coupled to the secondary of the power conversion unit 11 can be rectified, and then the rectified current is output after simple processing, and the output current of the second adapter can be pulsed direct current.
  • the pulsating direct current can also be referred to as a unidirectional pulsating output current, or a pulsating waveform current, or a sinusoidal current.
  • the pulsation waveform may be a complete pulsation waveform, or may be a pulsation waveform obtained after peak clipping processing of the complete pulsation waveform, and the so-called peak clipping processing may refer to the pulsation waveform.
  • the portion of the threshold that exceeds a certain threshold is filtered out to achieve control of the peak value of the pulsation waveform.
  • the pulsation waveform is a complete pulsation waveform.
  • the pulsation waveform is a pulsation waveform after the peak clipping process.
  • the second adapter 10 can also output a constant direct current (or a current whose current value is stable).
  • the current coupled to the secondary of the power conversion unit 11 may be rectified and filtered and then output, and the current output by the second adapter 10 may be a constant direct current.
  • the power conversion unit 11 includes a primary unit and a secondary unit
  • the voltage holding unit 12 is coupled to the secondary unit of the power conversion unit 11 for coupling the primary unit to the pulsating waveform of the secondary unit.
  • the voltage is converted to the target voltage to power the device in the second adapter.
  • the voltage holding unit may also be connected to the primary unit of the power conversion unit 11, that is, the voltage holding unit may directly convert the voltage in the primary unit to the target voltage, which is in the second adapter. The device is powered.
  • the voltage holding unit 12 in the embodiment of the present invention can supply power to one device or a plurality of devices in the second adapter 10.
  • the output end of the voltage holding unit 12 of the embodiment of the present invention may be directly connected to the device in the second adapter, or may be connected to the device in the second adapter through the voltage dividing circuit to implement power supply for the device in the second adapter.
  • the voltage holding unit 12 specifically includes a rectifying unit and a filtering unit.
  • the input end of the rectifying unit is connected to the secondary unit for rectifying the current of the secondary unit to obtain current and voltage in the form of pulsation;
  • the input end of the filtering unit is connected to the output end of the rectifying unit, and the output end of the filtering unit Connected to a device in the second adapter 10, the filtering unit is operative to convert the voltage in the pulsating form to a target voltage and to power the device in the second adapter 10 based on the target voltage.
  • the rectifying unit may include a diode, an anode of the diode is connected to the secondary unit, a cathode of the diode is connected to an input end of the filtering unit, and the filtering unit may include a capacitor and a capacitor. One end is connected to the output of the rectifying unit and the device in the second adapter, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
  • the number of the capacitors included in the filtering unit may be one or more, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the capacity and/or number of capacitances in the filtering unit is determined based on power consumption of the devices in the second adapter. For example, if the device in the second adapter consumes a large amount of power, the capacity and/or the number of capacitors in the filter unit can be increased, and if the power consumption of the device in the second adapter is small, the capacitance in the filter unit can be reduced. Capacity and / or number.
  • the second adapter 10 can be a second adapter that operates in a constant current mode. Specifically, when the second adapter 10 charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in a constant current mode, the output voltage of the VBUS of the second adapter 10 is only slightly higher than the voltage across the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), and VBUS The output voltage is gradually increased during the charging process. Therefore, in the initial stage of charging, the lower output voltage of VBUS may not meet the power supply requirements of some devices.
  • the voltage of the battery to be charged (such as the terminal) is 1.5V
  • the output voltage of VBUS is 1.7V
  • the minimum operating voltage of a device in the second adapter is 3.3V.
  • the VBUS output voltage is less than the minimum operating voltage of the device and does not meet the power requirements of the device. Therefore, when the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as a terminal) in a constant current mode, VBUS cannot be used to supply power to the device in the second adapter.
  • the second adapter of the embodiment of the present invention directly converts the input voltage obtained from the power conversion unit into a target voltage required for the second adapter device to operate, and thus can be used in both the constant current mode and the constant voltage mode. Provides a stable operating voltage for the devices in the second adapter.
  • the second adapter 10 may further include a transformer whose coil turns ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding may be determined based on the peak value of the target voltage. Specifically, the peak value of the target voltage may increase as the turns ratio of the coil increases, and if it is desired to increase the peak value of the target voltage, it may be achieved by increasing the turns ratio of the coils of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the second adapter 10 of the embodiment of the present invention can charge a device to be charged, such as a terminal.
  • the device to be charged used in the embodiment of the present invention may be a “communication terminal” (or simply “terminal”), including but not limited to being configured to be connected via a wire line (eg, via a public switched telephone network).
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • DSL digital cable
  • direct cable connection and/or another data connection/network
  • wireless local area networks wireless local area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • digital television networks such as digital video broadcasting handheld (DVB-H) networks, satellite networks, amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) broadcast transmitters, and/or A device for receiving/transmitting a communication signal by a wireless interface of a communication terminal.
  • DVB-H digital video broadcasting handheld
  • AM-FM amplitude modulation-frequency modulation
  • Wireless communication terminals that are arranged to communicate over a wireless interface may be referred to as “wireless communication terminals,” “wireless terminals,” and/or “mobile terminals.”
  • mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, satellite or cellular telephones; personal communication system (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radio telephones with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; may include radio telephones, pagers, the Internet/ Intranet access, web browser, memo pad, calendar, and/or personal digital assistant (PDA) for global positioning system (GPS) receivers; and conventional laptop and/or palm Receiver or other electronic device including a radiotelephone transceiver.
  • PCS personal communication system
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the second adapter 10 may include a charging interface, but the type of the charging interface is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and may be, for example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. It can be a standard USB interface, a micro USB interface, or a Type-C interface.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • the second adapter 10 can support the first charging mode and the second charging mode.
  • the second adapter 10 charges the charging device (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode faster than the charging speed of the device (such as the terminal) to be charged by the second adapter 10 in the first charging mode.
  • the second adapter 10 operating in the second charging mode is filled with the same capacity of the device to be charged (such as the final device) compared to the second adapter 10 operating in the first charging mode.
  • the battery in the end takes less time.
  • the second adapter 10 includes a control unit that performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (eg, a terminal) during the connection of the second adapter 10 to a device to be charged (eg, a terminal) to control the charging process of the second charging mode.
  • the control unit may be the control unit in any of the above embodiments, such as a control unit in the first adjustment unit or a control unit in the second adjustment unit.
  • the first charging mode may be a normal charging mode
  • the second charging mode may be a fast charging mode.
  • the normal charging mode means that the second adapter outputs a relatively small current value (typically less than 2.5 A) or a relatively small power (typically less than 15 W) to charge the battery in the charging device (eg, the terminal).
  • a relatively small current value typically less than 2.5 A
  • a relatively small power typically less than 15 W
  • the second adapter can output a relatively large current ( Usually greater than 2.5A, such as 4.5A, 5A or higher) or charging the battery in a charging device (such as a terminal) with relatively large power (usually greater than or equal to 15W), compared to the normal charging mode.
  • the charging time required for the second adapter to fully charge the same capacity battery in the fast charging mode can be significantly shortened and the charging speed is faster.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the communication content of the control unit of the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the control mode of the control unit for the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the control unit may Communicating with a device to be charged (such as a terminal), interacting with the current voltage or current power of the battery in the device to be charged (such as a terminal), and adjusting the output voltage or output current of the second adapter based on the current voltage or current power of the battery.
  • the communication content between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and the control mode of the control unit for the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode will be described in detail below in conjunction with a specific embodiment.
  • the process of bidirectional communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit and the device to be charged (
  • the terminal performs two-way communication to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and a device to be charged, such as a terminal.
  • the second adapter does not blindly use the second charging mode to quickly charge the device to be charged (such as the terminal), but performs two-way communication with the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and negotiates whether the second adapter can adopt the first
  • the second charging mode is to charge the charging device (such as the terminal) quickly, which can improve the safety of the charging process.
  • the charging mode between the adapter and the device to be charged may include: the control unit sends a first instruction to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), where the first instruction is used to query whether the device to be charged (such as the terminal) turns on the second charging.
  • a control unit receives a reply command sent by the device to be charged (such as a terminal) for the first instruction, and the reply command is used to indicate whether the device to be charged (such as the terminal) agrees to enable the second charging mode;
  • the control unit uses the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the above description of the embodiments of the present invention does not limit the master-slave of the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), in other words, the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, Any one of the terminals may initiate a two-way communication session as the master device, and accordingly the other party may make a first response or a first reply as the slave device initiates communication to the master device.
  • the identity of the master and slave devices can be confirmed by comparing the level of the second adapter side and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) side with respect to the earth during communication.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific implementation of the two-way communication between the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), that is, the second adapter (or the second adapter)
  • the control unit initiates a communication session with any one of the devices to be charged (eg, the terminal) as the master device, and accordingly the other party acts as the slave device to make a first response or a first reply to the communication session initiated by the master device, and simultaneously
  • the master device can make a second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device, that is, the negotiation process of the one charging mode is completed between the master and the slave device.
  • the master and slave devices can perform the charging operation between the master and the slave device after completing the negotiation of the multiple charging mode to ensure the safe and reliable charging process after the negotiation. Executed.
  • One way in which the master device can make a second response according to the first response or the first reply of the slave device for the communication session may be that the master device side can receive the slave device side for the communication session. And generating a first response or a first reply, and making a targeted second response according to the received first response or the first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device receives the first response or the first reply of the slave device for the communication session within a preset time, the master device makes a first response or a first reply to the slave device.
  • the specific second response is specifically: the master device side and the slave device side complete the negotiation of the one charging mode, and the master device side and the slave device side perform the charging operation according to the first charging mode or the second charging mode according to the negotiation result, That is, the second adapter works according to the negotiation result in the first charging mode or the second charging mode as the device to be charged (eg, the end End) charging.
  • One way that the master device can make a further second response according to the first response or the first response of the slave device to the communication session may also be that the master device does not receive the preset time.
  • the master device side also makes a targeted second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device does not receive the first response or the first response of the slave device for the communication session within a preset time, the master device also responds to the first response or the first response of the slave device.
  • the targeted second response is specifically: the master device side and the slave device side complete the negotiation of the charging mode, and the charging operation is performed between the master device side and the slave device side according to the first charging mode, that is, the second adapter works in the The device to be charged (such as a terminal) is charged in the first charging mode.
  • the second adapter when a device to be charged (such as a terminal) initiates a communication session as a master device, the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) acts as a communication session initiated by the slave device to the master device side. After the first response or the first reply, the second adapter (or the second adapter) can be considered as no need to make a targeted second response to the first response or the first response of the second adapter to be charged by the device (such as the terminal).
  • the control unit completes a negotiation process of the charging mode with the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the second adapter can determine, according to the negotiation result, the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the first charging mode or the second charging mode. Charge it.
  • the process of the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, The terminal performs bidirectional communication to determine a charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode; and an output voltage of the control unit to the second adapter (or the second adapter The peak value of the output voltage is adjusted such that the output voltage of the second adapter (or the peak value of the output voltage of the second adapter) is equal to the charging of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode The charging voltage.
  • the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to determine that the charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: a control unit Sending a second instruction to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) for inquiring whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal); the control unit receiving the device to be charged (such as the terminal) And the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery, and is higher or lower.
  • a control unit Sending a second instruction to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) for inquiring whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal); the control unit receiving the device to be charged (such as the terminal)
  • the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the
  • the second instruction can be used to query the current input of the second adapter
  • the output voltage is suitable as the charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal) outputted by the second adapter in the second charging mode
  • the reply command of the second command can be used to indicate that the output voltage of the current second adapter is appropriate, High or low.
  • the current output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery, or the current output voltage of the second adapter is suitable as the charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) as the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the current output voltage of the second adapter (or the peak value of the current output voltage) is slightly higher than the current voltage of the battery, and the difference between the output voltage of the second adapter (or the peak value of the current output voltage) and the current voltage of the battery Within the preset range (usually on the order of a few hundred millivolts).
  • the charging process of the control unit in two-way communication with the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit and the device to be charged ( Performing bidirectional communication, such as terminal, to determine a charging current for charging a device to be charged (eg, a terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode; output current to the second adapter by the control unit (or second adapter) The peak value of the output current is adjusted such that the output current of the second adapter (or the peak value of the output current of the second adapter) is equal to the charging current for charging the device to be charged by the second adapter in the second charging mode .
  • the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to determine that the charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit Sending a third instruction to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), the third instruction is used to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal); and the control unit receives the reply of the third instruction sent by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) The instruction, the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal); and the control unit determines the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) The charging current output by the second adapter for charging a device to be charged, such as a terminal.
  • the control unit determines how the charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) is to be output by the second adapter in the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the second adapter may determine the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) as the charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode. (or the peak value of the charging current), after considering factors such as the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and its own current output capability, the second adapter output in the second charging mode is determined for The charging current to be charged by a charging device (such as a terminal).
  • the process of two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: using the second in the second adapter In the charging mode, during charging of a device to be charged (such as a terminal), the control unit performs two-way communication with a device to be charged (such as a terminal) to adjust the output current of the second adapter.
  • the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to adjust the output current of the second adapter may include: the control unit sends a fourth instruction to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the fourth instruction is used to query The current voltage of the battery of the charging device (such as the terminal); the control unit receives the reply command of the fourth command sent by the second adapter, and the reply command of the fourth command is used to indicate the current voltage of the battery; the control unit adjusts according to the current voltage of the battery The output current of the second adapter.
  • the second adapter 10 includes a charging interface 41.
  • the control unit in the second adapter 10 can communicate bi-directionally with the device to be charged (eg, a terminal) via the data line 42 in the charging interface 41.
  • the process of the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, The terminal) performs two-way communication to determine whether the charging interface is in poor contact.
  • the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to determine whether the charging interface is in poor contact may include: the control unit sends a fourth command to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the fourth command is used to query the charging to be charged.
  • control unit determines that the voltage difference between the output voltage of the second adapter and the current voltage of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) is greater than a preset voltage threshold, indicating that the voltage difference is divided by the current current value output by the second adapter.
  • the impedance is greater than the preset impedance threshold to determine poor contact of the charging interface.
  • the charging interface contact failure may also be determined by a device to be charged (such as a terminal): the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a sixth instruction to the control unit, and the sixth instruction is used to query the second adapter. Output voltage; the device to be charged (such as the terminal) receives the reply command of the sixth command sent by the control unit, the reply command of the sixth command is used to indicate the output voltage of the second adapter; the device to be charged (such as the terminal) according to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) the current voltage of the battery and the output voltage of the second adapter to determine whether the charging interface is in poor contact.
  • the device to be charged After determining that the charging interface is in poor contact, the device to be charged (such as the terminal) sends a fifth command to the control unit, and the fifth command is used to indicate that the charging interface is in poor contact. After receiving the fifth instruction, the control unit may control the second adapter to exit the second charging mode.
  • FIG. 4B The communication process between the control unit in the second adapter and the device to be charged (e.g., terminal) will be described in more detail below in conjunction with FIG. 4B.
  • the example of FIG. 4B is merely for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention to the specific numerical values or specific examples illustrated.
  • a person skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications or changes in the form of the embodiment of FIG. 4B, and such modifications or variations are also within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the charging process of the second adapter in the second charging mode to charge the device may include five stages.
  • the device to be charged After the device to be charged (such as a terminal) is connected to the power supply device, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can detect the type of the power supply device through the data lines D+, D-, and when the power supply device is detected as the second adapter,
  • the current drawn by the charging device eg, the terminal
  • I2 eg, may be 1A
  • the control unit in the second adapter detects that the output current of the second adapter is greater than or equal to I2 within a preset duration (eg, may be continuous T1 time)
  • the control unit may consider that the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) is provided for the power source
  • the type identification of the device has been completed, the control unit starts a negotiation process between the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and sends an instruction 1 (corresponding to the first instruction) to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to ask for Whether the charging device (such as a terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the charging device (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • the control unit When the control unit receives the reply command of the instruction 1 sent by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the reply command of the command 1 indicates that the device to be charged (such as the terminal) does not agree with the second adapter to charge the device in the second charging mode (such as When the terminal is charging, the control unit detects the output current of the second adapter again. When the output current of the second adapter is still greater than or equal to I2 within a preset continuous time period (for example, may be continuous T1 time), the control unit again sends an instruction 1 to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to inquire about the device to be charged ( Whether the terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the charging device (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • a preset continuous time period for example, may be continuous T1 time
  • the control unit repeats the above steps of phase 1 until the device to be charged (such as the terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode, or the output current of the second adapter no longer satisfies greater than or equal to I2 conditions of.
  • the communication flow enters the second stage.
  • the output voltage of the second adapter can include a plurality of gear positions.
  • the control unit sends an instruction 2 (corresponding to the second instruction described above) to the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to inquire whether the output voltage of the second adapter (current output voltage) matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) .
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a reply command of the instruction 2 to the control unit to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), is high or low. If the reply command for the instruction 2 indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter is high or low, the control unit may adjust the output voltage of the second adapter to a grid position and send the instruction 2 to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) again. Re-inquire whether the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg terminal). Repeat the above steps of phase 2 until the device to be charged (such as the terminal) determines that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), and enters the third stage.
  • the control unit sends an instruction 3 (corresponding to the third instruction described above) to the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), and queries the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a reply command of instruction 3 to the control unit to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and enters the fourth stage.
  • the control unit determines, according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), a charging current output by the second adapter for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) in the second charging mode, and then enters phase 5, ie, Constant current charging phase.
  • the control unit may send an instruction 4 (corresponding to the fourth instruction described above) to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) every time interval, and query the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can send a reply command of the command 4 to the control unit to feed back the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the control unit can determine whether the contact of the charging interface is good according to the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and whether it is necessary to reduce the output current of the second adapter.
  • the instruction 5 (corresponding to the fifth instruction) may be sent to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), the second adapter will exit the second charging mode, and then reset and re-enter the phase 1 .
  • the reply command of the command 1 may carry the path impedance of the device to be charged (such as the terminal). Data (or information).
  • the path impedance data of the device to be charged e.g., the terminal
  • the device to be charged agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) in the second charging mode to the control unit to the second adapter
  • the time it takes for the output voltage to adjust to the appropriate charging voltage can be controlled within a certain range. If the time is outside the predetermined range, the second adapter or the device to be charged (such as the terminal) can determine that the fast charge communication process is abnormal, reset to re-enter phase 1.
  • phase 2 when the output voltage of the second adapter is higher than the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, terminal) by ⁇ V ( ⁇ V may be set to 200-500 mV), the battery is to be charged.
  • a device (such as a terminal) can send a reply command of instruction 2 to the control unit to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the battery voltage of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the adjustment speed of the output current of the second adapter can be controlled within a certain range, so as to avoid the second adapter in the second charging mode due to the too fast adjustment speed.
  • the output charging process to the charging device (such as the terminal) is abnormal.
  • the magnitude of the change in the output current of the second adapter may be controlled within 5%.
  • the control unit can monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit in real time. Specifically, the control unit may monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit according to the output voltage of the second adapter, the output current, and the current voltage of the battery fed back by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the path impedance of the charging circuit > “the path impedance of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) + the impedance of the charging cable”
  • the second adapter stops the device to be charged in the second charging mode ( Such as the terminal) to charge.
  • the communication time interval between the control unit and the device to be charged may be controlled at Within a certain range, avoid the communication interval is too short and cause an abnormality in the communication process.
  • the stopping of the charging process (or the stopping of the charging process of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) by the second adapter in the second charging mode) may be divided into a recoverable stop and an unrecoverable stop. Two.
  • the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. Then, the device to be charged (such as the terminal) does not agree that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode, and the communication flow does not enter phase 2.
  • the stop of the charging process in this case can be considered as an unrecoverable stop.
  • the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1.
  • the device to be charged eg, the terminal
  • the second adapter charges the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) in the second charging mode to resume the charging process.
  • the stopping of the charging process in this case can be regarded as a recoverable stop.
  • the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. Then, the device to be charged (such as the terminal) does not agree that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • the device to be charged (such as the terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • the stop of the fast charge process in this case can be considered as a recoverable stop.
  • the communication steps or operations illustrated above with respect to FIG. 4B are merely examples.
  • the handshake communication between the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and the control unit may also be initiated by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), that is,
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends an instruction 1 to inquire whether the control unit turns on the second charging mode.
  • the device to be charged such as a terminal
  • the second adapter starts to treat in the second charging mode.
  • the battery of the charging device (such as the terminal) is charged.
  • a constant voltage charging phase can also be included.
  • the device to be charged such as a terminal
  • the charging phase is switched from the constant current charging phase to the constant voltage charging. stage.
  • the charging current is gradually decreased, and when the current drops to a certain threshold, the entire charging process is stopped, indicating that the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) has been fully charged.
  • the second adapter directly loads the output current of the second adapter on both ends of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to directly charge the battery.
  • direct charging may refer to directly loading the output voltage and output current of the second adapter. (Or directly to the two ends of the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal), charge the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and do not need to go through the conversion circuit to transform the output current or output voltage of the second adapter to avoid transformation. The energy loss caused by the process.
  • the second adapter in order to be able to adjust the charging voltage or charging current on the charging circuit, the second adapter can be designed as a smart adapter, and the second adapter completes the conversion of the charging voltage or the charging current, so that It can reduce the burden on the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and reduce the heat generation of the device to be charged.
  • the second adapter 10 of the embodiment of the present invention can operate in a constant current mode.
  • the constant current mode herein refers to a charging mode that controls the output current of the second adapter, and does not require that the output current of the second adapter be kept constant.
  • the second adapter is typically charged in a constant current mode using a piecewise constant current.
  • Multi-stage constant current charging has N charging phases (N is an integer not less than 2).
  • the piecewise constant current charging can start the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current.
  • the N charging phases of the segmented constant current charging are sequentially performed from the first phase to the (N-1)th phase, and when the previous charging phase in the charging phase is transferred to the next charging phase, the charging current value is changed. Small; when the battery voltage reaches the charge termination voltage threshold, the previous charge phase in the charge phase will move to the next charge phase.
  • the constant current mode may refer to a charging mode that controls the peak value of the pulsating direct current, that is, the peak value of the output current of the second adapter is controlled not to exceed the constant current mode. Current, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the device embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5.
  • the method embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 6. It should be understood that the description of the method side corresponds to the description of the device side, It is concise and the duplicate description is omitted as appropriate.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a charging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method of Figure 6 can be applied to a second adapter, such as the second adapter described above with respect to Figures 1 through 5, in particular, the second adapter includes a power conversion unit for inputting The alternating current is converted to obtain an output voltage and an output current of the second adapter, wherein the output current of the second adapter is alternating current or pulsating direct current.
  • the method of Figure 6 includes the following actions.
  • the power conversion unit includes a primary unit and a secondary unit
  • the obtaining an input voltage from the power conversion unit, converting the input voltage to a target voltage includes: The voltage of the pulsation waveform of the primary unit coupled to the secondary unit is converted to the target voltage.
  • converting an alternating voltage of the primary unit to the secondary unit to the target voltage comprises: rectifying a current of the secondary unit to obtain a current and voltage in a pulsating form Converting the pulsating form of the voltage to the target voltage.
  • the second adapter is a second adapter that operates in a constant current mode.
  • the second adapter comprises a transformer, the coil turns ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer being determined based on a peak value of the target voltage.
  • the second adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode
  • the second adapter charges the charging device in the second charging mode faster than the first charging mode
  • the charging speed of the device to be charged in the first charging mode may further include: performing, in the process of connecting the second adapter to the device to be charged, with the device to be charged Two-way communication to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode comprises: charging with the to-be-charged The device performs two-way communication to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged includes: sending the device to be charged a first instruction, the first instruction is used to query whether the device to be charged turns on the second charging mode, and receives a reply instruction of the first instruction sent by the device to be charged, and the reply of the first instruction
  • the instruction is used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode; and when the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode, using the second charging mode as the device to be charged Charging.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged is controlled
  • the process of making an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode comprising: performing two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode a charging voltage for charging the device to be charged; adjusting an output voltage of the second adapter such that an output voltage of the second adapter is equal to the second adapter in the second charging mode A charging voltage for charging the device to be charged is output.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged The charging voltage includes: transmitting a second instruction to the device to be charged, the second instruction for querying whether an output voltage of the second adapter matches a current voltage of a battery of the device to be charged; receiving the a reply instruction of the second instruction sent by the charging device, the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that an output voltage of the second adapter matches a current voltage of the battery, being high or low.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode comprises: charging with the to-be-charged The device performs two-way communication to determine a charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged; and adjusting an output current of the second adapter to enable The output current of the second adapter is equal to a charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged The charging current includes: sending a third instruction to the device to be charged, the third instruction is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and receiving the third instruction sent by the device to be charged Responding instruction, the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and determining a location in the second charging mode according to a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged a charging current output by the second adapter for charging the device to be charged.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode comprises: using the During the charging mode of the two charging modes, two-way communication is performed with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the second adapter.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged is performed to adjust The output current of the second adapter includes: a fourth instruction sent to the device to be charged, the fourth command is used to query a current voltage of a battery of the device to be charged; and the second adapter is sent to receive The reply instruction of the fourth instruction, the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate a current voltage of the battery; and adjust an output current of the second adapter according to a current voltage of the battery.
  • the second adapter includes a charging interface
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged includes: bidirectionally contacting the device to be charged through a data line in the charging interface Communication.
  • the output voltage and the output current of the second adapter are directly loaded on both ends of the battery of the device to be charged, and the battery is directly charged.
  • the second adapter comprises a control unit for controlling the charging process, the control unit being a micro control unit MCU.
  • the second adapter includes a charging interface
  • the charging interface is a universal serial bus USB interface.
  • first adapter and second adapter herein are for convenience of description only, and are not intended to limit the specific types of adapters of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

一种适配器（10）和充电控制方法，该适配器（10）包括：功率转换单元（11）,用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到适配器（10）的输出电压和输出电流，其中适配器（10）的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电；电压保持单元（12）,电压保持单元（12）的输入端与功率转换单元（11）相连，用于从功率转换单元（11）获取脉动波形的输入电压，将脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，电压保持单元（12）的输出端与适配器（10）中的器件相连，使用目标电压为适配器（10）中的器件供电，其中，目标电压的峰值在器件的最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间。该适配器（10）能够降低电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命。

Description

适配器和充电控制方法 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及充电领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种适配器和充电控制方法。
背景技术
适配器又称为电源适配器，用于为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。目前市面上的适配器通常采用恒压的方式为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。由于待充电设备中的电池一般为锂电池，使用恒压的方式为待充电设备进行充电容易造成析锂现象，导致电池的寿命降低。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种适配器和充电控制方法，以降低电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命。
第一方面，提供一种适配器，所述适配器包括：功率转换单元，用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流，其中所述适配器的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电；电压保持单元，所述电压保持单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，用于从所述功率转换单元获取脉动波形的输入电压，将所述脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，所述电压保持单元的输出端与所述适配器中的器件相连，使用所述目标电压为所述器件供电，其中，所述目标电压的峰值在所述器件的最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间。
第二方面，提供一种充电控制方法，所述方法应用于适配器，所述适配器包括功率转换单元，所述功率转换单元用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流，其中所述适配器的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电，所述方法包括：从所述功率转换单元获取脉动波形的输入电压，将所述脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，所述目标电压的峰值在适配器中的器件的最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间；使用所述目标电压为所述器件供电。
本发明实施例的适配器的输出电流是交流电或者脉动直流电，交流电或 者脉动直流电能够降低电池的析锂现象，减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图2A和图2B是本发明实施例的脉动波形的示意图。
图3是本发明另一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图4A是本发明实施例的第二适配器与待充电设备的连接方式示意图。
图4B是本发明实施例的快充通信过程的示意图。
图5是本发明实施例的恒流模式下的脉动直流电的示意图。
图6是本发明实施例的充电控制方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
相关技术中提到了用于为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的一第一适配器。该第一适配器工作在恒压模式下。在恒压模式下，该第一适配器输出的电压基本维持恒定，比如5V，9V，12V或20V等。
该第一适配器输出的电压并不适合直接加载到电池两端，而是需要先经过待充电设备(如终端)内的变换电路进行变换，以得到待充电设备(如终端)内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
变换电路用于对第一适配器输出的电压进行变换，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求。
作为一种示例，该变换电路可指充电管理模块，例如充电集成电路(integrated circuit，IC)。在电池的充电过程中，用于对电池的充电电压和/ 或充电电流进行管理。该变换电路具有电压反馈模块的功能，和/或，具有电流反馈模块的功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段，恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的一个或者多个。在涓流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在涓流充电阶段进入到电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流大小(譬如第一充电电流)。在恒流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段进入电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流大小(譬如第二充电电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流)。在恒压充电阶段，变换电路可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段加载到电池两端的电压满足电池所预期的充电电压大小。
作为一种示例，当第一适配器输出的电压大于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对第一适配器输出的电压进行降压处理，以使降压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。作为又一种示例，当第一适配器输出的电压小于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对第一适配器输出的电压进行升压处理，以使升压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以第一适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当电池包括单个电芯(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压为4.2V)时，变换电路(例如Buck降压电路)可对第一适配器输出的电压进行降压处理，以使得降压后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以第一适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当第一适配器为串联有两个及两个以上单电芯的电池(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压为4.2V)充电时，变换电路(例如Boost升压电路)可对第一适配器输出的电压进行升压处理，以使得升压后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
变换电路受限于电路转换效率低下的原因，致使未被转换部分的电能以热量的形式散失。这部分热量会聚焦在待充电设备(如终端)内部。待充电设备(如终端)的设计空间和散热空间都很小(例如，用户使用的移动终端物理尺寸越来越轻薄，同时移动终端内密集排布了大量的电子元器件以提升移动终端的性能)，这不但提升了变换电路的设计难度，还会导致聚焦在待充电设备(如终端)内的热量很难及时移除，进而引发待充电设备(如终端) 的异常。
例如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会对变换电路附近的电子元器件造成热干扰，引发电子元器件的工作异常。又如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会缩短变换电路及附近电子元件的使用寿命。又如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会对电池造成热干扰，进而导致电池充放电异常。又如变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会导致待充电设备(如终端)的温度升高，影响用户在充电时的使用体验。又如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会导致变换电路自身的短路，使得第一适配器输出的电压直接加载在电池两端而引起充电异常，如果电池长时间处于过压充电状态，甚至会引发电池的爆炸，危及用户安全。
本发明实施例提供一种输出电压可调的第二适配器。该第二适配器能够获取电池的状态信息。电池的状态信息可以包括电池当前的电量信息和/或电压信息。该第二适配器可以根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节第二适配器自身的输出电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求。进一步地，在电池充电过程的恒流充电阶段，第二适配器调节后输出的电压可直接加载在电池的两端为电池充电。
该第二适配器可以具有电压反馈模块的功能和电流反馈模块的功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
该第二适配器根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节第二适配器自身的输出电压可以指：该第二适配器能够实时获取到电池的状态信息，并根据每次所获取到的电池的实时状态信息来调节第二适配器自身输出的电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
该第二适配器根据实时获取到的电池的状态信息来调节第二适配器自身的输出电压可以指：随着充电过程中电池电压的不断上升，第二适配器能够获取到充电过程中不同时刻电池的当前状态信息，并根据电池的当前状态信息来实时调节第二适配器自身的输出电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段，恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的一个或者多个。在涓流充电阶段，第二适配器可利用电流反馈环使得在涓流充电阶段由第二适配器输出且进入电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(譬如第一充电电流)。在恒流充电阶段，第二适配器可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段由第二适配器输出且进入到电池的 电流满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(譬如第二充电电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流)，并且，在恒流充电阶段，第二适配器可以将输出的充电电压直接加载在电池两端为电池充电。在恒压充电阶段，第二适配器可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段由第二适配器输出的电压满足电池所预期的充电电压的需求。
对于涓流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段，第二适配器输出的电压可以采用类似第一适配器的处理方式，即经过待充电设备(如终端)内的变换电路进行变换，以得到待充电设备(如终端)内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
图1是本发明实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。图1的第二适配器10包括功率转换单元11和电压保持单元12。
功率转换单元11用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到第二适配器10的输出电压和输出电流，其中第二适配器的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电。
电压保持单元12的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，用于从功率转换单元获取脉动波形的输入电压，将脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，电压保持单元的输出端与第二适配器中的器件相连，使用目标电压为器件供电，其中，目标电压的峰值在器件的最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间。
本发明实施例的第二适配器的输出电流是交流电或者脉动直流电，交流电或者脉动直流电能够降低电池的析锂现象，减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命。
此外，第二适配器中的某些器件的供电电压是由第二适配器的VBUS(或称母线)提供的，当第二适配器为待充电设备(如终端)充电时，如果VBUS上的电压过低，那么就有可能导致这些器件进入欠压保护状态而无法正常工作。有鉴于此，本发明实施例中的第二适配器引入了电压保持单元12，电压保持单元12能够将从功率转换单元11获取的脉动波形的输入电压转化为满足器件正常工作的目标电压，使得第二适配器中的器件能够正常工作。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以是工作在恒流模式的第二适配器，也就是说，在恒流模式中，第二适配器10可以采用上述交流电或脉动直流电能为待充电设备(如终端)充电。
恒流模式下，VBUS的输出电压会不断匹配待充电设备(如终端)的电 池电压，即VBUS的输出电压会随着电池两端电压的升高而升高，当电池电压较低时，VBUS的输出电压一般也比较低，这时，由VBUS供电的器件就可能会因为VBUS的输出电压过低而无法正常工作，从而导致第二适配器的充电过程失败。本发明实施例基于电压保持单元12保证了第二适配器中的器件能够在恒流模式下正常工作。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例对第二适配器输出交流电或脉动直流电的方式不作具体限定。具体地，在一些实施例中，可以将功率转换单元11的初级耦合到次级的电流直接输出或者经过简单处理后输出，此时第二适配器的输出电流可以是交流电。在另一些实施例中，可以对功率转换单元11的初级耦合至次级的电流进行整流，然后将整流后的电流经过简单处理之后输出，此时第二适配器的输出电流可以是脉动直流电。
需要说明的是，脉动直流电还可以称为单向脉动的输出电流，或者脉动波形的电流，或者称馒头波电流等。
当第二适配器10输出脉动波形的电流时，该脉动波形可以是完整的脉动波形，也可以是将完整的脉动波形的进行削峰处理之后得到的脉动波形，所谓削峰处理可指将脉动波形中的超过某一阈值的部分滤掉，从而实现对脉动波形峰值的控制。在图2A所示的实施例中，脉动波形为完整的脉动波形，在图2B所示的实施例中，脉动波形为经过削峰处理之后的脉动波形。
另外，一些实施例中，第二适配器10还可以输出恒定直流电(或称电流值稳定的电流)。具体地，可以通过将功率转换单元11的初级耦合到次级的电流经过整流和滤波处理后再输出，此时第二适配器10输出的电流可以是恒定直流电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，功率转换单元11包括初级单元和次级单元，电压保持单元12与功率转换单元11的次级单元相连，用于将初级单元耦合至次级单元的脉动波形的电压转换为目标电压，为第二适配器中的器件供电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，电压保持单元还可以与功率转换单元11的初级单元相连，也就是说电压保持单元可以直接将初级单元中的电压转换为目标电压，为第二适配器中的器件供电。
本发明实施例中的电压保持单元12可以为第二适配器10中的一个器件或者多个器件供电。
此外，本发明实施例的电压保持单元12的输出端可以直接与第二适配器中的器件相连，也可以通过分压电路与第二适配器中的器件相连，以实现为第二适配器中的器件供电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，电压保持单元12具体包括整流单元和滤波单元。其中，整流单元的输入端与次级单元相连，用于对次级单元的电流进行整流，得到脉动形式的电流和电压；滤波单元的输入端与整流单元的输出端相连，滤波单元的输出端与第二适配器10中的器件相连，滤波单元用于将脉动形式的电压转换成目标电压，并基于该目标电压为第二适配器10中的器件供电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图3所示，整流单元可以包括二极管，二极管的阳极与次级单元相连，二极管的阴极与滤波单元的输入端相连；滤波单元可包括电容，电容的一端与整流单元的输出端和第二适配器中的器件相连，电容的另一端接地。其中，滤波单元中包含的电容的数目可以为一个也可以为多个，本发明实施例对此不做限制。
可选地，在一些实施例中，滤波单元中的电容的容量和/或个数是基于所述第二适配器中的器件的功耗确定的。例如，如果第二适配器中的器件功耗较大，那么可以提高滤波单元中电容的容量和/或个数，而如果第二适配器中的器件的功耗较小，那么可以降低滤波单元中电容的容量和/或个数。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以是工作在恒流模式的第二适配器。具体地，当第二适配器10采用恒流模式为待充电设备(如终端)充电时，第二适配器10的VBUS的输出电压仅仅略微高于待充电设备(如终端)电池两端的电压，并且VBUS的输出电压在充电过程中是逐渐升高的。因此，在充电的初始阶段，VBUS的输出电压较低可能满足不了某些器件的供电需求。例如，在某一时刻待充电设备(如终端)的电池两端的电压为1.5V，VBUS的输出电压为1.7V，而第二适配器中的某个器件的最低工作电压是3.3V，那么这时VBUS输出的电压小于该器件的最低工作电压，不能满足该器件的供电需求。因此，当第二适配器采用恒流模式为待充电设备(如终端)充电时，不能采用VBUS为第二适配器中的器件供电。而本发明实施例的第二适配器是直接将从功率转换单元获取的输入电压直接转化为第二适配器器件工作所需要的目标电压，因此，无论是在恒流模式还是在恒压模式下都能为第二适配器中的器件提供稳定的工作电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10还可以包括变压器，该变压器的初级绕组和次级绕组的线圈匝数比可以是基于目标电压的峰值确定的。具体地，目标电压的峰值可以随着线圈匝数比的增大而增大，如果希望提高目标电压的峰值那么可以通过增加变压器的初级绕组和次级绕组的线圈匝数比来实现。
本发明实施例的第二适配器10可以为待充电设备(如终端)充电。本发明实施例中所使用到的待充电设备可以是“通信终端”(或简称为“终端”)，包括但不限于被设置成经由有线线路连接(如经由公共交换电话网络(public switched telephone network,PSTN)、数字用户线路(digital subscriber line,DSL)、数字电缆、直接电缆连接，以及/或另一数据连接/网络)和/或经由(例如，针对蜂窝网络、无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)、诸如手持数字视频广播(digital video broadcasting handheld，DVB-H)网络的数字电视网络、卫星网络、调幅-调频(amplitude modulation-frequency modulation,AM-FM)广播发送器，以及/或另一通信终端的)无线接口接收/发送通信信号的装置。被设置成通过无线接口通信的通信终端可以被称为“无线通信终端”、“无线终端”以及/或“移动终端”。移动终端的示例包括，但不限于卫星或蜂窝电话；可以组合蜂窝无线电电话与数据处理、传真以及数据通信能力的个人通信系统(personal communication system,PCS)终端；可以包括无线电电话、寻呼机、因特网/内联网接入、Web浏览器、记事簿、日历以及/或全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)接收器的个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant,PDA)；以及常规膝上型和/或掌上型接收器或包括无线电电话收发器的其它电子装置。
在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以包括充电接口，但本发明实施例对充电接口的类型不作具体限定，例如，可以是通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口，所述USB接口可以是标准USB接口，也可以是micro USB接口，还可以是Type-C接口。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式。第二适配器10在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电速度快于第二适配器10在第一充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电速度。换句话说，相较于工作在第一充电模式下的第二适配器10来说，工作在第二充电模式下的第二适配器10充满相同容量的待充电设备(如终 端)中的电池的耗时更短。
第二适配器10包括控制单元，在第二适配器10与待充电设备(如终端)连接的过程中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制第二充电模式的充电过程。该控制单元可以是上述任意实施例中的控制单元，如可以是第一调整单元中的控制单元，也可以是第二调整单元中的控制单元。
第一充电模式可为普通充电模式，第二充电模式可为快速充电模式。该普通充电模式是指第二适配器输出相对较小的电流值(通常小于2.5A)或者以相对较小的功率(通常小于15W)来对待充电设备(如终端)中的电池进行充电，在普通充电模式下想要完全充满一较大容量电池(如3000毫安时容量的电池)，通常需要花费数个小时的时间；而在快速充电模式下，第二适配器能够输出相对较大的电流(通常大于2.5A，比如4.5A，5A甚至更高)或者以相对较大的功率(通常大于等于15W)来对待充电设备(如终端)中的电池进行充电，相较于普通充电模式而言，第二适配器在快速充电模式下完全充满相同容量电池所需要的充电时间能够明显缩短、充电速度更快。
本发明实施例对第二适配器的控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)的通信内容，以及控制单元对第二适配器在第二充电模式下的输出的控制方式不作具体限定，例如，控制单元可以与待充电设备(如终端)通信，交互待充电设备(如终端)中的电池的当前电压或当前电量，并基于电池的当前电压或当前电量调整第二适配器的输出电压或输出电流。下面结合具体的实施例对控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间的通信内容，以及控制单元对在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的控制方式进行详细描述。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以协商第二适配器与待充电设备(如终端)之间的充电模式。
本发明实施例中，第二适配器并非盲目地采用第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行快速充电，而是与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，协商第二适配器是否可以采用第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行快速充电，这样能够提升充电过程的安全性。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以协商第二 适配器与待充电设备(如终端)之间的充电模式可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第一指令，第一指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)是否开启第二充电模式；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的针对所述第一指令的回复指令，回复指令用于指示待充电设备(如终端)是否同意开启第二充电模式；在待充电设备(如终端)同意开启第二充电模式的情况下，控制单元使用第二充电模式为待充电设备(如终端)充电。
本发明实施例的上述描述并不会对第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)的主从性进行限定，换句话说，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)中的任何一方均可作为主设备方发起双向通信会话，相应地另外一方可以作为从设备方对主设备方发起的通信做出第一响应或第一回复。作为一种可行的方式，可以在通信过程中，通过比较第二适配器侧和待充电设备(如终端)侧相对于大地的电平高低来确认主、从设备的身份。
本发明实施例并未对第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)之间双向通信的具体实现方式作出限制，即言，第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)中的任何一方作为主设备方发起通信会话，相应地另外一方作为从设备方对主设备方发起的通信会话做出第一响应或第一回复，同时主设备方能够针对所述从设备方的第一响应或第一回复做出第二响应，即可认为主、从设备之间完成了一次充电模式的协商过程。作为一种可行的实施方式，主、从设备方之间可以在完成多次充电模式的协商后，再执行主、从设备方之间的充电操作，以确保协商后的充电过程安全、可靠的被执行。
作为主设备方能够根据所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复做出第二响应的一种方式可以是：主设备方能够接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话所做出的第一响应或第一回复，并根据接收到的所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应。作为举例，当主设备方在预设的时间内接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应具体为：主设备方与从设备方完成了一次充电模式的协商，主设备方与从设备方之间根据协商结果按照第一充电模式或者第二充电模式执行充电操作，即第二适配器根据协商结果工作在第一充电模式或者第二充电模式下为待充电设备(如终 端)充电。
作为主设备方能够根据所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复做出进一步的第二响应的一种方式还可以是：主设备方在预设的时间内没有接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方也会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应。作为举例，当主设备方在预设的时间内没有接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方也会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应具体为：主设备方与从设备方完成了一次充电模式的协商，主设备方与从设备方之间按照第一充电模式执行充电操作，即第二适配器工作在第一充电模式下为待充电设备(如终端)充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，当待充电设备(如终端)作为主设备发起通信会话，第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)作为从设备对主设备方发起的通信会话做出第一响应或第一回复后，无需要待充电设备(如终端)对第二适配器的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应，即可认为第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)之间完成了一次充电模式的协商过程，进而第二适配器能够根据协商结果确定以第一充电模式或者第二充电模式为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制第二适配器在第二充电模式下的输出的过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压；控制单元对第二适配器的输出电压(或第二适配器的输出电压的峰值)进行调整，使第二适配器的输出电压(或第二适配器的输出电压的峰值)等于在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第二指令，第二指令用于询问第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压是否匹配；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的第二指令的回复指令，第二指令的回复指令用于指示第二适配器的输出电压与电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。可替换地，第二指令可用于询问将第二适配器的当前输 出电压作为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压是否合适，第二指令的回复指令可用于指示当前第二适配器的输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。第二适配器的当前输出电压与电池的当前电压匹配，或者第二适配器的当前输出电压适合作为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压可以指第二适配器的当前输出电压(或当前输出电压的峰值)略高于电池的当前电压，且第二适配器的输出电压(或当前输出电压的峰值)与电池的当前电压之间的差值在预设范围内(通常在几百毫伏的量级)。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的充电过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流；控制单元对第二适配器的输出电流(或第二适配器的输出电流的峰值)进行调整，使第二适配器的输出电流(或第二适配器的输出电流的峰值)等于在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第三指令，第三指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的第三指令的回复指令，第三指令的回复指令用于指示待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流；控制单元根据待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流。应理解，控制单元根据待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流的方式有多种，例如，第二适配器可以将待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流确定为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流(或充电电流的峰值)，也可以综合考虑待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流以及自身的电流输出能力等因素之后，确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：在第二适配器使用第二充电模式为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的过程中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以调整第二适配器的输出电流。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以调整第二适配器的输出电流可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第四指令，第四指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压；控制单元接收第二适配器发送的第四指令的回复指令，第四指令的回复指令用于指示电池的当前电压；控制单元根据电池的当前电压，调整第二适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图4A所示，第二适配器10包括充电接口41。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10中的控制单元可通过充电接口41中的数据线42与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定充电接口是否接触不良。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以便确定充电接口是否接触不良可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第四指令，第四指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的第四指令的回复指令，第四指令的回复指令用于指示待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压；控制单元根据第二适配器的输出电压和待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压，确定充电接口是否接触不良。例如，控制单元确定第二适配器的输出电压和待充电设备(如终端)的当前电压的压差大于预设的电压阈值，则表明此时压差除以第二适配器输出的当前电流值所得到的阻抗大于预设的阻抗阈值，即可确定充电接口接触不良。
可选地，在一些实施例中，充电接口接触不良也可由待充电设备(如终端)进行确定：待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送第六指令，第六指令用于询问第二适配器的输出电压；待充电设备(如终端)接收控制单元发送的第六指令的回复指令，第六指令的回复指令用于指示第二适配器的输出电压；待充电设备(如终端)根据待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压和第二适配器的输出电压，确定充电接口是否接触不良。在待充电设备(如终端) 确定充电接口接触不良后，待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送第五指令，第五指令用于指示充电接口接触不良。控制单元在接收到第五指令之后，可以控制第二适配器退出第二充电模式。
下面结合图4B，更加详细地描述第二适配器中的控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间的通信过程。应注意，图4B的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本发明实施例，而非要将本发明实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的图4B的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改或变化也落入本发明实施例的范围内。
如图4B所示，在第二充电模式下第二适配器的输出对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程，即充电过程可以包含五个阶段。
阶段1：
待充电设备(如终端)与电源提供装置连接后，待充电设备(如终端)可以通过数据线D+、D-检测电源提供装置的类型，当检测到电源提供装置为第二适配器时，则待充电设备(如终端)吸收的电流可以大于预设的电流阈值I2(例如可以是1A)。当第二适配器中的控制单元检测到预设时长(例如，可以是连续T1时间)内第二适配器的输出电流大于或等于I2时，则控制单元可以认为待充电设备(如终端)对于电源提供装置的类型识别已经完成，控制单元开启第二适配器与待充电设备(如终端)之间的协商过程，向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1(对应于上述第一指令)，以询问待充电设备(如终端)是否同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
当控制单元收到待充电设备(如终端)发送的指令1的回复指令，且该指令1的回复指令指示待充电设备(如终端)不同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电时，控制单元再次检测第二适配器的输出电流。当第二适配器的输出电流在预设的连续时长内(例如，可以是连续T1时间)仍然大于或等于I2时，控制单元再次向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1，询问待充电设备(如终端)是否同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。控制单元重复阶段1的上述步骤，直到待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，或第二适配器的输出电流不再满足大于或等于I2的条件。
当待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备 (如终端)进行充电后，通信流程进入第2阶段。
阶段2：
第二适配器的输出电压可以包括多个档位。控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令2(对应于上述第二指令)，以询问第二适配器的输出电压(当前的输出电压)与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压是否匹配。
待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送指令2的回复指令，以指示第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。如果针对指令2的回复指令指示第二适配器的输出电压偏高或偏低，控制单元可以将第二适配器的输出电压调整一格档位，并再次向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令2，重新询问第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压是否匹配。重复阶段2的上述步骤直到待充电设备(如终端)确定第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压匹配，进入第3阶段。
阶段3：
控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令3(对应于上述第三指令)，询问待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流。待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送指令3的回复指令，以指示待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流，并进入第4阶段。
阶段4：
控制单元根据待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流，确定在第二充电模式下第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流，然后进入阶段5，即恒流充电阶段。
阶段5：
在进入恒流充电阶段后，控制单元可以每间隔一段时间向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令4(对应于上述第四指令)，询问待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压。待充电设备(如终端)可以向控制单元发送指令4的回复指令，以反馈待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压。控制单元可以根据待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压，判断充电接口的接触是否良好，以及是否需要降低第二适配器的输出电流。当第二适配器判断充电接口的接触不良时，可以向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令5(对应于上述第五指令)，第二适配器会退出第二充电模式，然后复位并重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段1中，待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1的回复指令时，指令1的回复指令中可以携带该待充电设备(如终端)的通路阻抗的数据(或信息)。待充电设备(如终端)的通路阻抗数据可用于在阶段5判断充电接口的接触是否良好。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，从待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电到控制单元将第二适配器的输出电压调整到合适的充电电压所经历的时间可以控制在一定范围之内。如果该时间超出预定范围，则第二适配器或待充电设备(如终端)可以判定快充通信过程异常，复位以重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，当第二适配器的输出电压比待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压高ΔV(ΔV可以设定为200～500mV)时，待充电设备(如终端)可以向控制单元发送指令2的回复指令，以指示第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)的电池电压匹配。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段4中，第二适配器的输出电流的调整速度可以控制一定范围之内，这样可以避免由于调整速度过快而导致在第二充电模式下第二适配器输出对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程发生异常。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，第二适配器的输出电流的变化幅度可以控制在5％以内。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，控制单元可以实时监测充电电路的通路阻抗。具体地，控制单元可以根据第二适配器的输出电压、输出电流及待充电设备(如终端)反馈的电池的当前电压，监测充电电路的通路阻抗。当“充电电路的通路阻抗”>“待充电设备(如终端)的通路阻抗+充电线缆的阻抗”时，可以认为充电接口接触不良，第二适配器停止在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器开启在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电之后，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间的通信时间间隔可以控制在一定范围之内，避免通信间隔过短而导致通信过程发生异常。
可选地，在一些实施例中，充电过程的停止(或第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程的停止)可以分为可恢复的停止和不可恢复的停止两种。
例如，当检测到待充电设备(如终端)的电池充满或充电接口接触不良时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。然后，待充电设备(如终端)不同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，则通信流程不进入阶段2。这种情况下的充电过程的停止可以视为不可恢复的停止。
又例如，当控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间出现通信异常时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。在满足阶段1的要求后，待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电以恢复充电过程。这种情况下的充电过程的停止可以视为可恢复的停止。
又例如，当待充电设备(如终端)检测到电池出现异常时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。然后，待充电设备(如终端)不同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。当电池恢复正常，且满足阶段1的要求后，待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。这种情况下的快充过程的停止可以视为可恢复的停止。
以上对图4B示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例。例如，在阶段1中，待充电设备(如终端)与第二适配器进行连接后，待充电设备(如终端)与控制单元之间的握手通信也可以由待充电设备(如终端)发起，即待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1，询问控制单元是否开启第二充电模式。当待充电设备(如终端)接收到控制单元的回复指令指示控制单元同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电时，第二适配器开始在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的电池进行充电。
又如，在阶段5之后，还可包括恒压充电阶段。具体地，在阶段5中，待充电设备(如终端)可以向控制单元反馈电池的当前电压，当电池的当前电压达到恒压充电电压阈值时，充电阶段从恒流充电阶段转入恒压充电阶段。在恒压充电阶段中，充电电流逐渐减小，当电流下降至某一阈值时停止整个充电过程，表示待充电设备(如终端)的电池已经被充满。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器将第二适配器的输出电流直接加载在待充电设备(如终端)的电池的两端，为电池进行直充。
具体地，直充可以指将第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在 (或者直接引导至)待充电设备(如终端)电池的两端，为待充电设备(如终端)的电池充电，中间无需经过变换电路对第二适配器的输出电流或输出电压进行变换，避免变换过程带来的能量损失。在使用第二充电模式进行充电的过程中，为了能够调整充电电路上的充电电压或充电电流，可以将第二适配器设计成智能的适配器，由第二适配器完成充电电压或充电电流的变换，这样可以减轻待充电设备(如终端)的负担，并降低待充电设备的发热量。
本发明实施例的第二适配器10可以工作在恒流模式。本文中的恒流模式是指对第二适配器的输出电流进行控制的充电模式，并非要求第二适配器的输出电流保持恒定不变。实际中，第二适配器在恒流模式下通常采用分段恒流的方式进行充电。
分段恒流充电(Multi-stage constant current charging)具有N个充电阶段(N为一个不小于2的整数)。分段恒流充电可以以预定的充电电流开始第一阶段充电。所述分段恒流充电的N个充电阶段从第一阶段到第(N-1)个阶段依次被执行，当充电阶段中的前一个充电阶段转到下一个充电阶段后，充电电流值变小；当电池电压到达充电终止电压阈值时，充电阶段中的前一个充电阶段会转到下一个充电阶段。
进一步地，在第二适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电的情况下，恒流模式可以指对脉动直流电的峰值进行控制的充电模式，即控制第二适配器的输出电流的峰值不超过恒流模式对应的电流，如图5所示。
上文结合图1至图5，详细描述了本发明的装置实施例，下文结合图6详细描述本发明实施例的方法实施例，应理解，方法侧的描述与装置侧的描述相互对应，为了简洁，适当省略重复的描述。
图6是根据本发明实施例的充电控制方法的示意性流程图。图6的方法可以应用于第二适配器，如可以是上文图1至图5描述到的第二适配器，具体地，所述第二适配器包括功率转换单元，所述功率转换单元用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到所述第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流，其中所述第二适配器的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电。
图6的方法包括以下动作。
610、从所述功率转换单元获取脉动波形的输入电压，将所述脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，所述目标电压的峰值在第二适配器中的器件的 最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间。
620、使用所述目标电压为所述器件供电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述功率转换单元包括初级单元和次级单元，所述从所述功率转换单元获取输入电压，将所述输入电压转换为目标电压，包括：将所述初级单元耦合至次级单元的脉动波形的电压转换为所述目标电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，将所述初级单元耦合至次级单元的交流电压转换为所述目标电压，包括：对所述次级单元的电流进行整流，得到脉动形式的电流和电压；将所述脉动形式的电压转换成所述目标电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器是工作在恒流模式的第二适配器。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括变压器，所述变压器的初级绕组和次级绕组的线圈匝数比是基于所述目标电压的峰值确定的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述第二适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述第二适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，图6的方法还可包括：在所述第二适配器与待充电设备连接的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程，包括：与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述第二适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述第二适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：向所述待充电设备发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，使用所述第二充电模式为所述待充电设备充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控 制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程，包括：与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压；对所述第二适配器的输出电压进行调整，使所述第二适配器的输出电压等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：向所述待充电设备发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述第二适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压是否匹配；接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述第二适配器的输出电压与所述电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程，包括：与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流；对所述第二适配器的输出电流进行调整，使所述第二适配器的输出电流等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：向所述待充电设备发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；根据所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程，包括：在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述第二适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调 整所述第二适配器的输出电流，包括：向所述待充电设备发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压；接收所述第二适配器发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述电池的当前电压；根据所述电池的当前电压，调整所述第二适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括充电接口，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，包括：通过所述充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备的电池的两端，为所述电池进行直充。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元，所述控制单元为微控制单元MCU。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括充电接口，所述充电接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
应理解，本文中的“第一适配器”和“第二适配器”仅是为了描述的方便，并非要对本发明实施例的适配器的具体类型进行限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (39)

  1. 一种适配器，其特征在于，包括：
    功率转换单元，用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流，其中所述适配器的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电；
    电压保持单元，所述电压保持单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，用于从所述功率转换单元获取脉动波形的输入电压，将所述脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，所述电压保持单元的输出端与所述适配器中的器件相连，使用所述目标电压为所述器件供电，其中，所述目标电压的峰值在所述器件的最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述功率转换单元包括初级单元和次级单元，所述电压保持单元与所述次级单元相连，用于将所述初级单元耦合至次级单元的脉动波形的电压转换为所述目标电压，为所述器件供电。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述电压保持单元包括：
    整流单元，所述整流单元的输入端与所述次级单元相连，用于对所述次级单元的电流进行整流，得到脉动形式的电流和电压；
    滤波单元，所述滤波单元的输入端与所述整流单元的输出端相连，所述滤波单元的输出端与所述器件相连，用于将所述脉动形式的电压转换成所述目标电压，并基于所述目标电压为所述器件供电。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述整流单元包括二极管，所述二极管的阳极与所述次级单元相连，所述二极管的阴极与所述滤波单元的输入端相连。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述滤波单元包括电容，所述电容的一端与所述整流单元的输出端和所述器件相连，所述电容的另一端接地。
  6. 如权利要求3-5中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述滤波单元中的电容的容量和/或个数是基于所述器件的功耗确定的。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器是工作在恒流模式的适配器。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括变压器，所述变压器的初级绕组和次级绕组的线圈匝数比是基于所述目 标电压的峰值确定的。
  9. 如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，所述适配器包括控制单元，在所述适配器与待充电设备连接的过程中，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；
    所述控制单元接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；
    在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，所述控制单元使用所述第二充电模式为所述待充电设备充电。
  12. 如权利要求9-11中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压；
    所述控制单元对所述适配器的输出电压进行调整，使所述适配器的输出电压等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述 待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压是否匹配；
    所述控制单元接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
  14. 如权利要求9-13中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流；
    所述控制单元对所述适配器的输出电流进行调整，使所述适配器的输出电流等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元根据所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  16. 如权利要求9-15中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述 待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  18. 如权利要求9-17中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括充电接口，所述控制单元通过所述充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
  19. 如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备的电池的两端，为所述电池进行直充。
  20. 如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元，所述控制单元为微控制单元MCU。
  21. 如权利要求1-20中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括充电接口，所述充电接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
  22. 一种充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于适配器，所述适配器包括功率转换单元，所述功率转换单元用于对输入的交流电进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流，其中所述适配器的输出电流为交流电或脉动直流电，所述方法包括：
    从所述功率转换单元获取脉动波形的输入电压，将所述脉动波形的输入电压转换为目标电压，所述目标电压的峰值在适配器中的器件的最低工作电压和最高工作电压之间；
    使用所述目标电压为所述器件供电。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述功率转换单元包括初级单元和次级单元，所述从所述功率转换单元获取输入电压，将所述输入电压转换为目标电压，包括：
    将所述初级单元耦合至次级单元的脉动波形的电压转换为所述目标电压。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述初级单元耦合至 次级单元的交流电压转换为所述目标电压，包括：
    对所述次级单元的电流进行整流，得到脉动形式的电流和电压；
    将所述脉动形式的电压转换成所述目标电压。
  25. 如权利要求22-24中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器是工作在恒流模式的适配器。
  26. 如权利要求22-25中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括变压器，所述变压器的初级绕组和次级绕组的线圈匝数比是基于所述目标电压的峰值确定的。
  27. 如权利要求22-26中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，
    所述方法还包括：
    在所述适配器与待充电设备连接的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；
    接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；
    在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，使用所述第二充电模式为所述待充电设备充电。
  30. 如权利要求27-29中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压；
    对所述适配器的输出电压进行调整，使所述适配器的输出电压等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压是否匹配；
    接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
  32. 如权利要求27-31中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流；
    对所述适配器的输出电流进行调整，使所述适配器的输出电流等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  33. 如权利要求32所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    根据所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  34. 如权利要求27-33中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述 待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压；
    接收所述适配器发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述电池的当前电压；
    根据所述电池的当前电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  36. 如权利要求27-35中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括充电接口，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，包括：
    通过所述充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
  37. 如权利要求22-36中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备的电池的两端，为所述电池进行直充。
  38. 如权利要求22-37中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元，所述控制单元为微控制单元MCU。
  39. 如权利要求22-38中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括充电接口，所述充电接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
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CN108450037A (zh) 2018-08-24
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EP3407460A4 (en) 2019-01-23
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SG11201806219QA (en) 2018-08-30
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