WO2017133386A2 - 适配器和充电控制方法 - Google Patents

适配器和充电控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133386A2
WO2017133386A2 PCT/CN2017/070526 CN2017070526W WO2017133386A2 WO 2017133386 A2 WO2017133386 A2 WO 2017133386A2 CN 2017070526 W CN2017070526 W CN 2017070526W WO 2017133386 A2 WO2017133386 A2 WO 2017133386A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
adapter
current
charging
output
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/070526
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2017133386A3 (zh
Inventor
田晨
张加亮
Original Assignee
广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CN2016/073679 external-priority patent/WO2017133001A1/zh
Application filed by 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority to CN201780001264.0A priority Critical patent/CN107735922B/zh
Priority to US15/573,853 priority patent/US10348119B2/en
Priority to JP2017564618A priority patent/JP6633104B2/ja
Priority to EP17746706.5A priority patent/EP3285360B1/en
Priority to KR1020177035929A priority patent/KR102138109B1/ko
Priority to TW106124308A priority patent/TWI625913B/zh
Publication of WO2017133386A2 publication Critical patent/WO2017133386A2/zh
Publication of WO2017133386A3 publication Critical patent/WO2017133386A3/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10—Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of charging technology, and, more particularly, to an adapter and a charging control method.
  • An adapter also known as a power adapter, is used to charge a device to be charged, such as a terminal.
  • a device to be charged such as a terminal.
  • adapters on the market usually use a constant voltage method to charge a device to be charged (such as a terminal).
  • the adapter may be triggered. Entering the overload protection state, it is impossible to continue charging the charging device (such as the terminal).
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an adapter and a charging control method to improve the security of a charging process.
  • an adapter comprising: a power conversion unit for converting an input alternating current to obtain an output voltage and an output current of the adapter; and a voltage feedback unit, the voltage feedback unit The input end is connected to the power conversion unit, and the voltage feedback unit is configured to detect an output voltage of the adapter to generate a voltage feedback signal, where the voltage feedback signal is used to indicate whether an output voltage of the adapter reaches a setting a predetermined target voltage; a current feedback unit, the input end of the current feedback unit is connected to the power conversion unit, the current feedback unit is configured to detect an output current of the adapter to generate a current feedback signal, The current feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output current of the adapter reaches a set target current; a power adjustment unit, an input end of the power adjustment unit and an output end of the voltage feedback unit and an output end of the current feedback unit Connected, the output of the power adjustment unit and the power conversion unit The power adjustment unit is configured to receive the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal,
  • a charging control method comprising: converting an input alternating current to obtain an output voltage and an output current of the adapter; and outputting a voltage to the adapter Performing a test to generate a voltage feedback signal for indicating whether an output voltage of the adapter reaches a set target voltage; detecting an output current of the adapter to generate a current feedback signal, the current The feedback signal is used to indicate whether the output current of the adapter reaches a set target current; the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the adapter reaches the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates the output of the adapter When the current reaches the target current, the output voltage and the output current of the adapter are stabilized; two-way communication is performed with the device to be charged through a data line in the charging interface.
  • the adapter of the embodiment of the invention includes both a voltage feedback unit and a current feedback unit, wherein the voltage feedback unit, the power adjustment unit and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for performing closed-loop control on the output voltage of the adapter, that is, a voltage in a hardware form.
  • the feedback loop; the current feedback unit, the power adjustment unit, and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for performing closed-loop control of the output current of the adapter, that is, a current feedback loop in the form of hardware.
  • the power adjustment unit of the embodiment of the present invention comprehensively considers the feedback information provided by the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and reaches the target value in any one of the output voltage of the adapter and the output current of the adapter. In this case, stabilize the adapter's output voltage and output current.
  • the power adjustment unit can immediately sense the occurrence of the event and immediately respond to the event to stabilize. The output voltage and output current of the adapter increase the safety of the charging process.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural view of a second adapter of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of a power conversion unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a voltage comparison unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic configuration diagram of a current comparison unit of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19A is a schematic diagram of a connection manner between a second adapter and a device to be charged according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19B is a schematic diagram of a fast charge communication process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the current waveform of the pulsating direct current.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural view of a second adapter according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of pulsating direct current in a constant current mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a circuit diagram showing the second adapter of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a first adapter for charging a device to be charged, such as a terminal, is mentioned in the related art.
  • the first adapter operates in a constant voltage mode. In the constant voltage mode, the voltage output by the first adapter is maintained substantially constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V or 20V.
  • the voltage output by the first adapter is not suitable for direct loading to both ends of the battery, but needs to be
  • the conversion circuit in the device to be charged (such as the terminal) is transformed to obtain the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery in the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • a conversion circuit is used to transform the voltage output by the first adapter to meet the demand for the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery.
  • the conversion circuit can refer to a charge management module, such as an integrated circuit (IC). Used to manage the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery during charging of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit has the function of a voltage feedback module and/or has the function of a current feedback module to enable management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the charging process of the battery may include one or more of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a current feedback loop such that the current entering the battery during the trickle charge phase meets the magnitude of the charge current expected by the battery (eg, the first charge current).
  • the conversion circuit can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current entering the battery during the constant current charging phase meets the expected charging current of the battery (eg, the second charging current, which can be greater than the first charging current) .
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a voltage feedback loop such that the voltage applied across the battery during the constant voltage charging phase meets the expected charging voltage of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit when the voltage output by the first adapter is greater than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit may be configured to perform a step-down process on the voltage output by the first adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down conversion satisfies the battery Expected charging voltage requirements. As still another example, when the voltage output by the first adapter is less than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit may be configured to perform a voltage boosting process on the voltage output by the first adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the boosting conversion satisfies the battery. The expected charging voltage requirement.
  • the conversion circuit for example, Buck is lowered.
  • the voltage circuit can perform a step-down process on the voltage outputted by the first adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the voltage reduction satisfies the charging voltage demand expected by the battery.
  • a conversion circuit (such as a boost voltage boosting circuit) can boost the voltage outputted by the first adapter so that the charging voltage obtained after boosting satisfies the charging voltage demand expected by the battery.
  • the conversion circuit is limited by the low conversion efficiency of the circuit, so that the electric energy of the unconverted portion is dissipated as heat. This part of the heat will be focused inside the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the design space and heat dissipation space of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) are small (for example, the physical size of the mobile terminal used by the user is getting thinner and lighter, and a large number of electronic components are densely arranged in the mobile terminal to improve the performance of the mobile terminal. ), this not only improves the design difficulty of the conversion circuit, but also causes the heat focused on the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to be difficult to remove in time, thereby causing an abnormality of the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the electronic components near the conversion circuit, causing abnormal operation of the electronic components.
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may shorten the life of the conversion circuit and nearby electronic components.
  • the heat accumulated on the circuit may cause thermal interference to the battery, which may cause abnormal battery charging and discharging.
  • the heat accumulated on the circuit which may cause the temperature of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to rise, which affects the user's experience in charging.
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause a short circuit of the conversion circuit itself, so that the voltage outputted by the first adapter is directly loaded on both ends of the battery, causing charging abnormality. If the battery is in an overvoltage state for a long time, it may even cause The explosion of the battery jeopardizes user safety.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a second adapter whose output voltage is adjustable.
  • the second adapter is capable of acquiring status information of the battery.
  • the status information of the battery may include current battery information and/or voltage information of the battery.
  • the second adapter can adjust the output voltage of the second adapter itself according to the acquired state information of the battery to meet the demand of the charging voltage and/or the charging current expected by the battery. Further, during the constant current charging phase of the battery charging process, the voltage outputted by the second adapter can be directly loaded at both ends of the battery to charge the battery.
  • the second adapter may have the function of a voltage feedback module and the function of a current feedback module to enable management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the second adapter adjusts the output voltage of the second adapter according to the acquired state information of the battery, and the second adapter can obtain the state information of the battery in real time, and according to the real-time status information of the obtained battery each time.
  • the voltage output by the second adapter itself is adjusted to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the second adapter adjusts the output voltage of the second adapter according to the state information of the battery obtained in real time.
  • the second adapter can obtain the current state of the battery at different times during the charging process as the battery voltage increases during the charging process. Status information, and adjust the output voltage of the second adapter itself in real time according to the current state information of the battery to meet the expected charging voltage of the battery And / or the need for charging current.
  • the charging process of the battery may include one or more of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the second adapter can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current output by the second adapter during the trickle charge phase and the current entering the battery meets the demand for the battery's expected charging current (eg, the first charging current).
  • the second adapter can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current output by the second adapter during the constant current charging phase and the current entering the battery meets the demand for the charging current expected by the battery (eg, the second charging current, the second The charging current can be greater than the first charging current), and in the constant current charging phase, the second adapter can load the output charging voltage directly across the battery to charge the battery.
  • the second adapter can utilize a voltage feedback loop such that the voltage output by the second adapter during the constant voltage charging phase meets the demand for the charging voltage expected by the battery.
  • the voltage output by the second adapter may be processed in a manner similar to that of the first adapter, that is, through a conversion circuit in a device to be charged (eg, a terminal) to obtain a device to be charged (eg, The expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery within the terminal).
  • a conversion circuit in a device to be charged eg, a terminal
  • a device to be charged eg, The expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery within the terminal.
  • the operation causes the second adapter to respond slowly to the load current, which may cause the current drawn by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to exceed the maximum current output threshold that the second adapter can provide, causing the second adapter to enter the overload protection state. It is not possible to continue charging the charging device (such as a terminal).
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural view of a second adapter of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second adapter 10 of FIG. 1A may include a power conversion unit 11, a voltage feedback unit 12, a current feedback unit 13, and a power Rate adjustment unit 14.
  • the input end of the current feedback unit 13 is connected to the power conversion unit 11, and the current feedback unit 13 is configured to detect the output current of the second adapter 10 to generate a current feedback signal for indicating the output current of the second adapter 10. Whether the set target current is reached.
  • the input end of the power adjustment unit 14 is connected to the output end of the voltage feedback unit 12 and the output end of the current feedback unit 13, and the output end of the power adjustment unit 14 is connected to the power conversion unit 11, and the power adjustment unit 14 is configured to receive the voltage feedback signal and The current feedback signal, and in the case where the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter 10 reaches the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter 10 reaches the target current, the output voltage and output of the second adapter 10 are stabilized. Current.
  • the second adapter of the embodiment of the invention includes both a voltage feedback unit and a current feedback unit, wherein the voltage feedback unit, the power adjustment unit and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for performing closed-loop control on the output voltage of the second adapter, ie The voltage feedback loop in the form of hardware; the current feedback unit, the power adjustment unit and the power conversion unit form a hardware circuit for performing closed-loop control of the output current of the second adapter, that is, a current feedback loop in the form of hardware.
  • the power adjustment unit of the embodiment of the present invention comprehensively considers the feedback information provided by the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal, and is in any one of the output voltage of the second adapter and the output current of the second adapter.
  • the voltage feedback loop is mainly responsible for adjusting the output voltage of the second adapter to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the current feedback loop can be responsible for detecting whether the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current (the target current at this time) It can be the maximum current allowed in the constant voltage mode. Once the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current, the power adjustment unit can immediately sense this event through the current feedback loop and stabilize the output current of the second adapter in time to prevent it. Further increase.
  • the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal refer to different feedback objects, and it is not necessary to limit the signal types of the voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal.
  • the voltage feedback signal can be used to feed back the output voltage of the second adapter
  • the current feedback signal can be used to feed back the output current of the second adapter, but both can be voltage signals.
  • the target voltage can be a preset fixed value or an adjustable variable.
  • the second adapter 10 can adjust the voltage value of the target voltage through a certain adjustment circuit according to actual needs.
  • the device to be charged may send an adjustment command of the target voltage to the second adapter, and the second adapter 10 adjusts the voltage value of the target voltage according to the adjustment command of the target voltage.
  • the second adapter 10 can receive status information of the battery from the device to be charged, and adjust the voltage value of the target voltage in real time according to the state of the battery.
  • the target current can be a preset fixed value or an adjustable variable.
  • the second adapter 10 can adjust the voltage value of the target current through a certain adjustment circuit according to actual needs.
  • the device to be charged can send an adjustment command of the target current to the second adapter 10, and second.
  • the adapter 10 adjusts the voltage value of the target current according to the adjustment command of the target current.
  • the second adapter 10 can receive status information of the battery from the device to be charged, and adjust the current value of the target current in real time according to the state of the battery.
  • the second adapter 10 may include a charging interface (see the charging interface 191 of FIG. 19A), but the type of the charging interface is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention, and may be, for example, a universal serial bus (Universal Serial Bus). , USB) interface, the USB interface can be a standard USB interface, a micro USB interface, or a Type-C interface.
  • a charging interface see the charging interface 191 of FIG. 19A
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • USB interface can be a standard USB interface, a micro USB interface, or a Type-C interface.
  • the second adapter 10 supports a first charging mode (ie, the second adapter 10 is operable to charge a device to be charged (eg, a terminal) in the first charging mode).
  • the first charging mode is a constant voltage mode.
  • the target voltage of the second adapter 10 is the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode.
  • the target current is the maximum allowable output of the second adapter 10 in the constant voltage mode. High Current.
  • the power adjustment unit 14 is specifically configured to adjust the output voltage of the second adapter 10 to a voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode according to the voltage feedback signal, and when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter 10 reaches the second adapter 10 at a constant voltage
  • the output current of the second adapter 10 is controlled not to exceed the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant voltage mode.
  • the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is adjusted to a certain fixed voltage value, and the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode in the above is the fixed voltage value.
  • the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is 5V, and the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode is 5V.
  • the target voltage is set to a voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode
  • the target current is set to a maximum current allowed by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode.
  • the second adapter can quickly adjust the output voltage of the second adapter to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode based on the voltage feedback loop to perform constant voltage charging for the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the second adapter can sense the situation through the current feedback loop and promptly block the second. The further increase in the output current of the adapter avoids the occurrence of a charging fault and improves the ability of the second adapter to respond to the load current.
  • the output current of the second adapter is usually maintained between 100mA and 200mA.
  • the target voltage can be set to a fixed voltage value (such as 5V) and the target current can be set to 500mA or 1A.
  • the power conversion unit 11 may include a primary rectification unit 15, a transformer 16, a secondary rectification unit 17, and a secondary filtering unit 18, which will be in the form of a pulsation The voltage is directly output to the transformer 16.
  • the power conversion unit includes both a rectifying unit and a filtering unit on the primary side, and a rectifying unit and a filtering unit on the secondary side.
  • the rectifying unit and the filtering unit located on the primary side may be referred to as a primary rectifying unit and a primary filtering unit.
  • the rectifying unit and the filtering unit on the secondary side may be referred to as a secondary rectifying unit and a secondary filtering unit.
  • the primary filter unit is generally filtered by a liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor. The volume of the liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor is large, which causes the adapter to be bulky.
  • the load capacity of the solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor is limited, due to the existence of a current feedback loop in the form of hardware, It can respond to changes in load current in time to avoid charging faults caused by excessive output current of the second adapter.
  • the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter 10 in the constant voltage mode may be determined based on the capacity of the capacitor in the secondary filtering unit. For example, based on the capacity of the capacitor in the secondary filtering unit to determine that the secondary filter unit can withstand a maximum load current of 500 mA or 1 A, the target current can be set to 500 mA or 1 A, thereby preventing the output current of the second adapter from exceeding Charging failure caused by the target current.
  • the second adapter 10 supports the second charging mode (ie, the second adapter 10 is operable to charge the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) in the second charging mode), the second charging The mode is constant current mode.
  • the target voltage is the maximum voltage that the second adapter 10 is allowed to output in the constant current mode
  • the target current is the current corresponding to the constant current mode.
  • the power adjustment unit 14 is specifically configured to adjust the output current of the second adapter 10 to the current corresponding to the constant current mode according to the current feedback signal, and when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter 10 reaches the constant current of the second adapter 10 When the maximum voltage allowed in the mode is allowed, the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is controlled not to exceed the maximum voltage that the second adapter 10 is allowed to output in the constant current mode.
  • the target current is set to a current corresponding to the constant current mode
  • the target voltage is set to a maximum voltage allowed by the second adapter in the constant current mode, so that the second adapter can quickly be based on the current feedback loop.
  • the output current of the second adapter is adjusted to the current corresponding to the constant current mode to charge the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the second adapter can sense this situation in time through the voltage feedback loop, and prevent the output voltage of the second adapter from rising further in time, thereby avoiding the occurrence of charging failure.
  • the second adapter 10 may further include a first adjusting unit 21 on the basis of any of the above embodiments.
  • the first adjusting unit 21 is connected to the voltage feedback unit 12, the first The adjusting unit 21 can be used to adjust the value of the target voltage.
  • the embodiment of the invention introduces a first adjusting unit, which can adjust the output voltage of the second adapter according to actual needs, and improves the intelligence level of the second adapter.
  • the second adapter 10 can operate in the first charging mode or the second charging mode, and the first adjusting unit 21 can correspondingly adjust the target voltage based on the first charging mode or the second charging mode currently used by the second adapter 10. Value.
  • the first voltage in the embodiment of the invention corresponds to the output voltage of the second adapter, or the first voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the current output voltage of the second adapter.
  • the first reference voltage in the embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the target voltage, or the first reference voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the target voltage.
  • the voltage comparison unit when the first voltage is less than the first reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit generates a first voltage feedback signal, the first voltage feedback signal is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter has not reached the target voltage; When a voltage is equal to the first reference voltage, the voltage comparison unit generates a second voltage feedback signal, the second voltage feedback signal is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter reaches the target voltage.
  • the voltage sampling unit 31 can be a wire.
  • the first voltage is the output voltage of the second adapter
  • the first reference voltage is the target voltage.
  • the voltage sampling unit 31 may include two resistors for performing series voltage division.
  • the first voltage may be a voltage obtained by dividing the two resistors, and the value of the first reference voltage and the two resistors.
  • the voltage division ratio is related. Take the target voltage equal to 5V as an example. If the output voltage of the second adapter reaches 5V, after the series voltage division of the two resistors, the first voltage is 0.5V, the first reference voltage can be set to 0.5V. .
  • the first adjusting unit 21 may include a control unit 41 and a first digital to analog converter (DAC) 42.
  • the input of the first DAC 42 is connected to the control unit 41, and the output of the first DAC 42 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32.
  • the control unit 41 achieves the purpose of adjusting the value of the first reference voltage through the first DAC 42.
  • control unit 41 may be an MCU, and the MCU may be connected to the first DAC 42 through a DAC port, and the MCU outputs a digital signal through the DAC port, and converts the digital signal into an analog signal through the first DAC 42, and the analog signal is The voltage value of a reference voltage.
  • the DAC has the characteristics of fast signal conversion speed and high precision. Adjusting the reference voltage through the DAC can improve the adjustment speed and control precision of the reference voltage by the second adapter.
  • the first adjustment unit 21 may include a control unit 61 and a digital potentiometer 62.
  • the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 62 is connected to the control unit 61, and the output of the digital potentiometer 62 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32.
  • the control unit 61 adjusts the value of the first reference voltage by adjusting the voltage division ratio of the digital potentiometer 62.
  • control unit 61 may be an MCU, and the MCU may be connected to the control end of the digital potentiometer 62 through an Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) interface for adjusting the voltage dividing ratio of the digital potentiometer 62.
  • the digital potentiometer 62 The high potential terminal can be VDD, that is, the power terminal, and the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 62 can be connected to the ground.
  • the output terminal (or the regulation output terminal) of the digital potentiometer 62 is connected to the voltage comparison unit 32 for the voltage.
  • the comparison unit 32 outputs a first reference voltage.
  • the digital potentiometer is simple to implement and inexpensive, and can realize the adjustment of the first reference voltage at a low cost.
  • the voltage feedback unit 12 may be included.
  • a voltage dividing unit 71 and a voltage comparison unit 72 are included.
  • the input end of the voltage dividing unit 71 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 for dividing the output voltage of the second adapter 10 according to the set voltage dividing ratio to generate a first voltage.
  • the input end of the voltage comparison unit 72 is connected to the output end of the voltage dividing unit 71 for comparing the first voltage with the first reference voltage, and generating a voltage feedback signal based on the comparison result of the first voltage and the first reference voltage.
  • the first adjusting unit 21 is connected to the voltage dividing unit 71, and adjusts the voltage value of the target voltage by adjusting the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing unit 71.
  • the main difference between the embodiment of FIG. 7 and the embodiment of FIG. 3-6 is that the embodiment of FIG. 3-6 is to adjust the voltage value of the target voltage by adjusting the reference voltage of the voltage comparison unit, and the embodiment of FIG. 7 is adopted.
  • the partial pressure ratio of the voltage dividing unit 71 is adjusted to achieve adjustment of the voltage value of the target voltage.
  • the voltage dividing unit 71 of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in various manners.
  • the digital potentiometer can be used, and the functions of the voltage dividing and voltage dividing ratio adjustment can be realized by discrete resistors, switches, and the like.
  • the voltage comparison unit 72 is implemented in various manners.
  • the voltage comparison unit 72 can include a first operational amplifier.
  • the inverting input of the first operational amplifier is configured to receive a first voltage
  • the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier is configured to receive a first reference voltage
  • the output of the first operational amplifier is configured to generate a voltage feedback signal.
  • the first op amp can also be referred to as a first error amplifier, or a voltage error amplifier.
  • the second adapter 10 may further include a second adjusting unit 101, and the second adjusting unit 101 is connected to the current feedback unit 13 for Adjust the current value of the target current.
  • the embodiment of the invention introduces a second adjusting unit, which can adjust the output current of the second adapter according to actual needs, and improves the intelligence of the second adapter.
  • the second adapter 10 can operate in the first charging mode or the second charging mode, and the second adjusting unit 101 adjusts the current value of the target current based on the first charging mode or the second charging mode currently used by the second adapter 10.
  • the current comparison unit when the second voltage is less than the second reference voltage, the current comparison unit generates a first current feedback signal, the first current feedback signal is used to indicate that the output current of the second adapter has not reached the target current; when the second voltage is equal to When the second reference voltage is applied, the current comparison unit generates a second current feedback signal, which is used to indicate that the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current.
  • the current sampling unit 111 obtains the second voltage.
  • the current sampling unit 111 first samples the output current of the second adapter to obtain a sampling current. Then, according to the magnitude of the sampling current, it is converted into a corresponding sampling voltage (the sampling voltage value is equal to the product of the sampling current value and the sampling resistance).
  • the sampled voltage can be directly used as the second voltage.
  • the sampling voltage may be divided by a plurality of resistors, and the divided voltage is used as the second voltage.
  • the current sampling function in the current sampling unit 111 can be specifically implemented by a galvanometer.
  • the second adjustment unit 101 may include a control unit 121 and a second DAC 122.
  • the input of the second DAC 122 is coupled to the control unit 121, and the output of the second DAC 122 is coupled to the current comparison unit 112.
  • the control unit 121 adjusts the voltage value of the second reference voltage through the second DAC 122.
  • the second adjusting unit 101 may include a control unit 131 and an RC filtering unit 132.
  • the input of the RC filter unit 132 is connected to the control unit 131, and the output of the RC filter unit 132 is connected to the current comparison unit 112.
  • the control unit 131 is configured to generate a PWM signal and adjust a voltage value of the second reference voltage by adjusting a duty ratio of the PWM signal.
  • control unit 131 may be an MCU.
  • the MCU can output a PWM signal through the PWM port.
  • a stable analog quantity that is, a second reference voltage
  • the RC filter circuit 132 has the characteristics of simple implementation and low price, and can realize adjustment of the second reference voltage at a low cost.
  • the second adjustment unit 101 may include a control unit 141 and a digital potentiometer 142.
  • the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 is connected to the control unit 141, and the output of the digital potentiometer 142 is connected to the current comparison unit 112.
  • the control unit 141 adjusts the voltage value of the second reference voltage by adjusting the voltage division ratio of the digital potentiometer 142.
  • control unit 141 can be an MCU.
  • the MCU can be connected to the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 through an I2C interface for adjusting the voltage division ratio of the digital potentiometer 142.
  • the high potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 can be VDD, that is, the power supply terminal, and the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 142 can be connected to the ground.
  • An output terminal (or a regulated output terminal) of the digital potentiometer 142 is coupled to the current comparison unit 112 for outputting a second reference voltage to the current comparison unit 112.
  • the digital potentiometer is simple to implement and inexpensive, and can adjust the second reference voltage at a lower cost.
  • the current feedback unit 13 may include a current sampling unit 151, a voltage dividing unit 152, and a current comparison unit 153.
  • An input end of the current sampling unit 151 is connected to the power conversion unit 11 for the second adapter 10
  • the output current is sampled to obtain a third voltage.
  • the third voltage is used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter 10.
  • the input end of the voltage dividing unit 152 is connected to the output end of the current sampling unit 151 for dividing the third voltage according to the set voltage dividing ratio to generate a second voltage.
  • the input end of the current comparison unit 153 is connected to the output end of the voltage dividing unit 152 for comparing the second voltage and the second reference voltage, and generates a current feedback signal based on the comparison result of the second voltage and the second reference voltage.
  • the second adjusting unit 101 is connected to the voltage dividing unit 152, and adjusts the current value of the target current by adjusting the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing unit 152.
  • the second reference voltage can be set to a fixed value V REF , and if the output current of the second adapter is desired to be 300 mV, the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing unit 152 can be adjusted so that the second adapter When the output current is 300mV, the voltage at the output of the voltage dividing unit 152 is equal to V REF ; similarly, if the output current of the second adapter is desired to be 500mV, the second adapter can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage dividing ratio of the voltage dividing unit 152. When the output current is 500 mV, the voltage at the output of the voltage dividing unit 152 is equal to V REF .
  • the voltage dividing unit 152 of the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in various manners.
  • the digital potentiometer can be used, or the functions of the voltage dividing and voltage dividing ratio adjustment can be realized by discrete resistors, switches, and the like.
  • the voltage dividing unit 152 includes a digital potentiometer 161
  • the second adjusting unit 101 includes a control unit 162.
  • the high potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 is connected to the output terminal of the current sampling unit 151
  • the low potential terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 is connected to the ground
  • the output terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 is connected to the input terminal of the current comparison unit 153.
  • the control unit 162 is connected to the control terminal of the digital potentiometer 161 for adjusting the voltage division ratio of the digital potentiometer 161.
  • the control unit above may be a control unit or a plurality of control units.
  • the control units of the first adjustment unit and the second adjustment unit are the same control unit.
  • the current comparison unit 153 is implemented in various ways.
  • the current comparison unit 153 may include a second operational amplifier.
  • the inverting input of the second op amp is for receiving the second voltage
  • the non-inverting input of the second op amp is for receiving the second reference voltage
  • the output of the second op amp is for generating the current feedback signal.
  • the second op amp can also be called a second error amplifier, or Current error amplifier.
  • the voltage feedback unit 12 may include a first operational amplifier (not shown in FIG. 18, specifically see FIG. 9), and the first operational amplifier of the voltage feedback unit 12 The output is used to output a voltage feedback signal.
  • the current feedback unit 13 may include a second operational amplifier (not shown in FIG. 18, specifically referring to FIG. 17), and an output of the second operational amplifier of the current feedback unit 13 is used to output a current feedback signal.
  • the power adjustment unit 14 may include a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a photo coupling unit 181, and a PWM control unit 182. The output of the first operational amplifier of the voltage feedback unit 12 (see FIG.
  • the output of the first operational amplifier for the output voltage feedback signal is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode D1.
  • the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the input terminal of the photo-coupling unit 181.
  • the output of the second operational amplifier of current feedback unit 13 (see Figure 17, the output of the second operational amplifier is used to output a current feedback signal) is coupled to the negative terminal of second diode D2.
  • the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the input terminal of the photo-coupling unit 181.
  • the output of the photo-coupling unit 181 is connected to the input of the PWM control unit 182.
  • the output of the PWM control unit 182 is connected to the power conversion unit 11.
  • the voltage signal output by the first operational amplifier is a voltage feedback signal
  • the voltage signal output by the second operational amplifier is a current feedback signal
  • the voltage signal output by the first operational amplifier is 0 indicating a second
  • the output voltage of the adapter reaches the target voltage
  • the voltage signal output by the second op amp is 0 indicating that the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current.
  • the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are two anti-parallel diodes.
  • the reverse parallel The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 can immediately sense the occurrence of this event, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and output current of the second adapter.
  • the second adapter 10 can support the first charging mode and the second charging mode, and the second adapter 10 charges the charging device (such as the terminal) faster than the second in the second charging mode.
  • the second adapter 10 operating in the second charging mode is filled with the battery of the same capacity of the device to be charged (such as the terminal). It is shorter.
  • the second adapter 10 includes a control unit that performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (eg, a terminal) during the connection of the second adapter 10 to a device to be charged (eg, a terminal) to control the charging process of the second charging mode.
  • the control unit may be the control unit in any of the above embodiments, such as a control unit in the first adjustment unit or a control unit in the second adjustment unit.
  • the first charging mode may be a normal charging mode
  • the second charging mode may be a fast charging mode.
  • the normal charging mode means that the second adapter outputs a relatively small current value (typically less than 2.5 A) or a relatively small power (typically less than 15 W) to charge the battery in the charging device (eg, the terminal).
  • a relatively small current value typically less than 2.5 A
  • a relatively small power typically less than 15 W
  • the second adapter can output a relatively large current ( Usually greater than 2.5A, such as 4.5A, 5A or higher) or charging the battery in a charging device (such as a terminal) with relatively large power (usually greater than or equal to 15W), compared to the normal charging mode.
  • the charging time required for the second adapter to fully charge the same capacity battery in the fast charging mode can be significantly shortened and the charging speed is faster.
  • the process of bidirectional communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: a control list
  • the element communicates bidirectionally with the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to negotiate the charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) may include: the control unit sends the first to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) An instruction for inquiring whether a device to be charged (such as a terminal) turns on a second charging mode; the control unit receives a reply command sent by the device to be charged (such as a terminal) for the first instruction, and the reply instruction is used to indicate Whether the device to be charged (such as the terminal) agrees to turn on the second charging mode; in the case that the device to be charged (such as the terminal) agrees to turn on the second charging mode, the control unit uses the second charging mode to charge the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the above description of the embodiments of the present invention does not limit the master-slave of the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), in other words, the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, Any one of the terminals may initiate a two-way communication session as the master device, and accordingly the other party may make a first response or a first reply as the slave device initiates communication to the master device.
  • the identity of the master and slave devices can be confirmed by comparing the level of the second adapter side and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) side with respect to the earth during communication.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific implementation of the two-way communication between the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), that is, the second adapter (or the second adapter)
  • the control unit initiates a communication session with any one of the devices to be charged (eg, the terminal) as the master device, and accordingly the other party acts as the slave device to make a first response or a first reply to the communication session initiated by the master device, and simultaneously
  • the master device can make a second response to the first response or the first reply of the slave device, that is, the negotiation process of the one charging mode is completed between the master and the slave device.
  • the master and slave devices can perform the charging operation between the master and the slave device after completing the negotiation of the multiple charging mode to ensure the safe and reliable charging process after the negotiation. Executed.
  • One way that the master device can make a second response according to the first response or the first response of the slave device to the communication session may be that the master device can receive the slave device policy A first response or a first reply to the communication session, and making a targeted second response based on the received first response or first reply of the slave device. For example, when the master device receives the first response or the first reply of the slave device for the communication session within a preset time, the master device makes a first response or a first reply to the slave device.
  • the specific second response is specifically: the master device side and the slave device side complete the negotiation of the one charging mode, and the master device side and the slave device side perform the charging operation according to the first charging mode or the second charging mode according to the negotiation result, That is, the second adapter works according to the negotiation result to charge the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the first charging mode or the second charging mode.
  • the second adapter when a device to be charged (such as a terminal) initiates a communication session as a master device, the second adapter (or the control unit of the second adapter) acts as a communication session initiated by the slave device to the master device side. After the first response or the first reply, the second adapter (or the second adapter) can be considered as no need to make a targeted second response to the first response or the first response of the second adapter to be charged by the device (such as the terminal).
  • the control unit completes a negotiation process of the charging mode with the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the second adapter can determine, according to the negotiation result, the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the first charging mode or the second charging mode. Charge it.
  • the process of the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, The terminal performs bidirectional communication to determine a charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode; the control unit adjusts the voltage value of the target voltage to make the target voltage The voltage value is equal to the charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the second instruction may be used to query whether the current output voltage of the second adapter is suitable as the charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) as the second adapter output in the second charging mode, second
  • the command's reply command can be used to indicate that the current second adapter's output voltage is appropriate, high or low.
  • the current output voltage of the second adapter matches the current voltage of the battery, or the current output voltage of the second adapter is suitable as the charging voltage for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) as the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the current output voltage of the second adapter is slightly higher than the current voltage of the battery, and the difference between the output voltage of the second adapter and the current voltage of the battery is within a preset range (usually on the order of several hundred millivolts) .
  • the process of bidirectional communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to control the second adapter output in the second charging mode may include: the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, The terminal performs bidirectional communication to determine a charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode; the control unit adjusts the current value of the target current to make the target current The current value is equal to the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to determine that the charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: the control unit Sending a third instruction to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), the third instruction is used to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal); and the control unit receives the reply of the third instruction sent by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) The instruction, the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal); and the control unit determines the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal) The charging current output by the second adapter for charging a device to be charged, such as a terminal.
  • control unit determines how the charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) is to be output by the second adapter in the second charging mode according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the second adapter can currently support the device to be charged (such as a terminal)
  • the maximum charging current is determined as the charging current for charging the device to be charged (such as the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode, and may also comprehensively consider the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the charging current for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) output by the second adapter in the second charging mode is determined.
  • the process of two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to control the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: using the second in the second adapter In the charging mode, during charging of a device to be charged (such as a terminal), the control unit performs two-way communication with a device to be charged (such as a terminal) to adjust the output current of the second adapter in the second charging mode.
  • the second adapter 10 includes a charging interface 191.
  • the control unit in the second adapter 10 (such as the MCU in FIG. 23) can communicate bi-directionally with the device to be charged (eg, a terminal) through the data line 192 in the charging interface 191.
  • the two-way communication between the control unit and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to determine whether the charging interface is in poor contact may include: the control unit sends a fourth command to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the fourth command is used to query the charging to be charged.
  • control unit determines that the voltage difference between the output voltage of the second adapter and the current voltage of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) is greater than a preset voltage threshold, indicating that the voltage difference is divided by the current current value output by the second adapter.
  • the impedance is greater than the preset impedance threshold, and the charging connection can be determined. Poor mouth contact.
  • the charging interface contact failure may also be determined by a device to be charged (such as a terminal): the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a sixth instruction to the control unit, and the sixth instruction is used to query the second adapter. Output voltage; the device to be charged (such as the terminal) receives the reply command of the sixth command sent by the control unit, the reply command of the sixth command is used to indicate the output voltage of the second adapter; the device to be charged (such as the terminal) according to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) the current voltage of the battery and the output voltage of the second adapter to determine whether the charging interface is in poor contact.
  • the device to be charged determines that the charging interface is in poor contact
  • the device to be charged sends a fifth command to the control unit, and the fifth command is used to indicate that the charging interface is in poor contact.
  • the control unit may control the second adapter to exit the second charging mode.
  • FIG. 19B The communication process between the control unit in the second adapter and the device to be charged (e.g., terminal) will be described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 19B.
  • the example of FIG. 19B is merely for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the invention are not limited to the specific numerical values or specific examples illustrated.
  • a person skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications or changes in the form of the embodiment of FIG. 19B, and such modifications or variations are also within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the device to be charged After the device to be charged (such as a terminal) is connected to the power supply device, the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can detect the type of the power supply device through the data lines D+, D-, and when the power supply device is detected as the second adapter,
  • the current drawn by the charging device eg, the terminal
  • I2 eg, may be 1A
  • the control unit in the second adapter detects that the output current of the second adapter is greater than or equal to I2 within a preset duration (eg, may be continuous T1 time)
  • the control unit may consider that the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) is provided for the power source
  • the type identification of the device has been completed, the control unit starts a negotiation process between the second adapter and the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and sends an instruction 1 (corresponding to the first instruction) to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to ask for Whether the charging device (such as a terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the charging device (such as a terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • the control unit When the control unit receives the reply command of the instruction 1 sent by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the reply command of the command 1 indicates that the device to be charged (such as the terminal) does not agree with the second adapter to charge the device in the second charging mode (such as When the terminal is charging, the control unit detects the second adapter again. Output current. When the output current of the second adapter is still greater than or equal to I2 within a preset continuous time period (for example, may be continuous T1 time), the control unit again sends an instruction 1 to the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to inquire about the device to be charged ( Whether the terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the charging device (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • a preset continuous time period for example, may be continuous T1 time
  • the control unit repeats the above steps of phase 1 until the device to be charged (such as the terminal) agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode, or the output current of the second adapter no longer satisfies greater than or equal to I2 conditions of.
  • the communication flow proceeds to the second stage.
  • the output voltage of the second adapter can include a plurality of gear positions.
  • the control unit sends an instruction 2 (corresponding to the second instruction described above) to the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) to inquire whether the output voltage of the second adapter (current output voltage) matches the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) .
  • the control unit sends an instruction 3 (corresponding to the third instruction described above) to the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), and queries the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends a reply command of instruction 3 to the control unit to indicate the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and enters the fourth stage.
  • the control unit determines, according to the maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), a charging current output by the second adapter for charging the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) in the second charging mode, and then enters phase 5, ie, Constant current charging phase.
  • the instruction 5 (corresponding to the fifth instruction) may be sent to the device to be charged (such as the terminal), the second adapter will exit the second charging mode, and then reset and re-enter the phase 1 .
  • the device to be charged agrees that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) in the second charging mode to the control unit to the second adapter
  • the time it takes for the output voltage to adjust to the appropriate charging voltage can be controlled within a certain range. If the time is outside the predetermined range, the second adapter or the device to be charged (such as the terminal) can determine that the fast charge communication process is abnormal, reset to re-enter phase 1.
  • phase 2 when the output voltage of the second adapter is higher than the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, terminal) by ⁇ V ( ⁇ V may be set to 200-500 mV), the battery is to be charged.
  • a device (such as a terminal) can send a reply command of instruction 2 to the control unit to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches the battery voltage of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the adjustment speed of the output current of the second adapter can be controlled within a certain range, so as to avoid the second adapter in the second charging mode due to the too fast adjustment speed.
  • the output charging process to the charging device (such as the terminal) is abnormal.
  • the magnitude of the change in the output current of the second adapter may be controlled within 5%.
  • the control unit can monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit in real time. Specifically, the control unit may monitor the path impedance of the charging circuit according to the output voltage of the second adapter, the output current, and the current voltage of the battery fed back by the device to be charged (eg, the terminal).
  • the path impedance of the charging circuit > “the path impedance of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) + the impedance of the charging cable”
  • the second adapter stops the device to be charged in the second charging mode ( Such as the terminal) to charge.
  • the communication time interval between the control unit and the device to be charged may be controlled at Within a certain range, avoid the communication interval is too short and cause an abnormality in the communication process.
  • the stopping of the charging process (or the stopping of the charging process of the device to be charged (such as a terminal) by the second adapter in the second charging mode) may be divided into a recoverable stop and an unrecoverable stop. Two.
  • the charging process is stopped, the charging communication process is reset, and the charging process re-enters Phase 1. Then, the device to be charged (such as the terminal) does not agree that the second adapter charges the device to be charged (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode, and the communication flow does not enter phase 2.
  • the stop of the charging process in this case can be considered as an unrecoverable stop.
  • the communication steps or operations illustrated above with respect to Figure 19B are merely examples.
  • the handshake communication between the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and the control unit may also be initiated by the device to be charged (such as the terminal), that is,
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) sends an instruction 1 to inquire whether the control unit turns on the second charging mode.
  • the device to be charged such as a terminal
  • the second adapter starts to treat in the second charging mode.
  • the battery of the charging device (such as the terminal) is charged.
  • a constant voltage charging phase can also be included.
  • the device to be charged (such as a terminal) can feed back the current voltage of the battery to the control unit.
  • the charging phase transits from the constant current charging phase to the constant voltage charging phase.
  • the charging current is gradually decreased, and when the current drops to a certain threshold, the entire charging process is stopped, indicating that the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) has been fully charged.
  • the output current of the second adapter is a pulsating direct current (or a unidirectional pulsating output current, or a pulsating waveform current, or a head wave current).
  • the waveform of the pulsating direct current is shown in Fig. 20.
  • the second adapter 10 can support the first charging mode and the second charging mode, and the second adapter is to charge the device (such as the terminal) in the second charging mode.
  • the charging speed is faster than the charging speed of the second adapter in the first charging mode to the charging device (such as the terminal).
  • the power conversion unit 11 may include a secondary filtering unit 211
  • the second adapter 10 may include a control unit 212
  • the control unit 212 is connected to the secondary filtering unit 211.
  • the control unit 212 controls the secondary filtering unit 211 to operate such that the voltage value of the output voltage of the second adapter 10 is constant.
  • the control unit 212 controls the secondary filtering unit 211 to stop operating such that the output current of the second adapter 10 is pulsating direct current.
  • control unit may control whether the secondary filtering unit operates, so that the second adapter can output ordinary DC power with constant current value or pulsating DC current with varying current value, thereby being compatible with the existing charging mode.
  • the second adapter 10 supports a second charging mode.
  • the second charging mode can be a constant current mode.
  • the output current of the second adapter is an alternating current, and the alternating current can also reduce the lithium deposition phenomenon of the lithium battery and improve the service life of the battery.
  • the second adapter 10 supports the second charging mode, and the second charging mode may be a constant current mode.
  • the second charging mode the output voltage and the output current of the second adapter are directly loaded. Both ends of the battery of the charging device (such as the terminal) directly charge the battery.
  • the direct charging may mean that the output voltage and the output current of the second adapter are directly loaded (or directly directed) to both ends of the battery of the device to be charged (eg, the terminal), and the battery of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) is charged. There is no need to change the output current or output voltage of the second adapter through the conversion circuit in the middle to avoid the energy loss caused by the conversion process.
  • the second adapter can be designed as a smart adapter, and the second adapter completes the conversion of the charging voltage or the charging current, so that It can reduce the burden on the device to be charged (such as the terminal) and reduce the heat generation of the device to be charged.
  • the constant current mode herein refers to a charging mode that controls the output current of the second adapter, and does not require that the output current of the second adapter be kept constant.
  • the second adapter is typically charged in a constant current mode using a piecewise constant current.
  • the constant current mode may refer to a charging mode that controls the peak value or the average value of the pulsating direct current, that is, the peak value of the output current of the second adapter is controlled not to exceed the constant current mode.
  • the corresponding current is shown in Figure 22.
  • the constant current mode may refer to a charging mode that controls the peak value of the alternating current.
  • FIG. 23 is only intended to assist those skilled in the art to understand the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific numerical values or specific examples illustrated. A person skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications or changes in the form of the embodiment of FIG. 23, and such modifications or variations are also within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the second adapter includes a power conversion unit (corresponding to the power conversion unit 11 above). As shown in FIG. 23, the power conversion unit may include an input terminal of an alternating current AC, a primary rectifying unit 231, a transformer T1, a secondary rectifying unit 232, and a secondary filtering unit 233.
  • the primary rectification unit 231 is for converting the commercial power into the first pulsating direct current, and then transmitting the first pulsating direct current to the transformer T1.
  • the primary rectification unit 231 may be a bridge rectification unit, and may be, for example, a full-bridge rectification unit as shown in FIG. 23, or may be a half-bridge rectification unit, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the primary side of the existing adapter includes a primary filtering unit, and the primary filtering unit is generally filtered based on a liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and the volume of the liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor is large, which results in a large volume of the adapter.
  • the primary side of the second adapter does not include the primary filtering unit, which greatly reduces the volume of the second adapter.
  • the transformer T1 is for coupling the first pulsating direct current from the primary to the secondary of the transformer to obtain a second pulsating direct current, and the second pulsating direct current is output by the secondary winding of the transformer T1.
  • the transformer T1 can be an ordinary transformer or a high frequency transformer with an operating frequency of 50 kHz to 2 MHz.
  • the number of the primary windings of the transformer T1 and the connection form are related to the type of the switching power supply used in the second adapter, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second adapter can be a flyback switching power supply.
  • the second adapter can also be a second adapter that uses a forward switching power supply or a push-pull switching power supply.
  • the primary rectifying units and transformers in different types of switching power supplies have their own connection forms, which are not listed here for brevity.
  • the secondary filtering unit 233 may further include a switching unit, such as the switching transistor Q1 in FIG.
  • the switch Q1 receives the control signal sent by the MCU.
  • the MCU controls the switch tube Q1
  • the secondary filtering unit 233 operates such that the second adapter operates in the first charging mode.
  • the output voltage of the second adapter can be 5V, and the output current is a smooth direct current.
  • the MCU control switch Q1 is turned off, the secondary filter unit 233 stops operating, and the second adapter operates in the second charging mode. In the second charging mode, the second adapter directly outputs the pulsating direct current output obtained by the secondary rectifying unit 232.
  • the second adapter may include a voltage feedback unit (corresponding to the voltage feedback unit 12 above). As shown in FIG. 23, the voltage feedback unit may include a resistor R1, a resistor R2, and a first op amp OPA1.
  • the resistor R3 is a current detecting resistor.
  • the galvanometer obtains the output current of the second adapter by detecting the current flowing through the resistor R3, and then converts the output current of the second adapter into a corresponding voltage value and outputs the voltage across the resistor R4 and the resistor R5 to obtain a second voltage.
  • the second voltage can be used to indicate the magnitude of the output current of the second adapter.
  • the inverting input of the second op amp OPA2 is for receiving the second voltage.
  • the non-inverting input of the second op amp OPA2 is connected to the DAC2 port of the MCU through DAC2.
  • the MCU adjusts the voltage value of the reference voltage of the second operational amplifier OPA2 (corresponding to the second reference voltage in the above) by controlling the magnitude of the analog quantity of the output of the DAC 2, thereby adjusting the current value of the target current corresponding to the current feedback unit.
  • the second adapter also includes a power adjustment unit (corresponding to the power adjustment unit 14 above).
  • the power adjustment unit may include a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a photo coupling unit 234, a PWM controller, and a switching transistor Q2.
  • the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are two diodes connected in anti-parallel, and the anodes of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected to the feedback point shown in FIG.
  • the input of the optocoupler unit 234 is for receiving a voltage signal of the feedback point.
  • the voltage at the feedback point is lower than the photoelectric
  • the photo coupling unit 234 starts operating to supply a feedback voltage to the FB terminal of the PWM controller.
  • the PWM controller controls the duty cycle of the PWM signal output from the PWM terminal by comparing the voltages at the CS terminal and the FB terminal.
  • the voltage at the FB terminal is stable,
  • the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output from the PWM side of the PWM controller remains constant.
  • the PWM terminal of the PWM controller is connected to the primary winding of the transformer T1 through the switching transistor Q2 for controlling the output voltage and output current of the second adapter.
  • the second adapter of FIG. 23 further includes a first adjustment unit and a second adjustment unit.
  • the first adjusting unit includes an MCU (corresponding to the control unit in the above) and a DAC1 for adjusting the voltage value of the reference voltage of the first operational amplifier OPA1, thereby adjusting the voltage of the target voltage corresponding to the voltage feedback unit. value.
  • the second adjustment unit includes an MCU (corresponding to the control unit above) and a DAC 2 for adjusting the reference voltage of the second operational amplifier OPA2, thereby adjusting the current value of the target current corresponding to the current feedback unit.
  • the MCU can adjust the voltage value of the target voltage and the current value of the target current according to the charging mode currently used by the second adapter. For example, when the second adapter is charged in the constant voltage mode, the target voltage can be adjusted to the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode, and the target current can be adjusted to the maximum current allowed to be output in the constant voltage mode. For another example, when the second adapter is charged in the constant current mode, the target current can be adjusted to the current corresponding to the constant current mode, and the target voltage is adjusted to the maximum allowable output voltage in the constant current mode.
  • the target voltage can be adjusted to a fixed voltage value (such as 5V).
  • the primary filtering unit is not provided on the primary side (the primary filtering unit uses a larger liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, in order to reduce the volume of the second adapter, the primary filtering unit is removed), the secondary filtering unit 233
  • the load capacity is limited and the target current can be set to 500mA or 1A.
  • the second adapter first adjusts the output voltage to 5V based on the voltage feedback loop. Once the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current, the output current of the second adapter is controlled by the current feedback loop to not exceed the target current.
  • the target current can be set to 4A and the target voltage can be set to 5V.
  • the current feedback loop can be used to peak the current higher than 4A, so that the peak current of the pulsating direct current is kept at 4A.
  • the second adapter is controlled by a voltage feedback loop The output voltage must not exceed the target voltage.
  • the MCU can also include a communication interface. Through the communication interface, the MCU can perform bidirectional communication with a device to be charged (such as a terminal) to control the charging process of the second adapter.
  • the charging interface is a USB interface
  • the communication interface can also be the USB interface.
  • the second adapter may use a power line in the USB interface to charge a device to be charged (such as a terminal), and use a data line (D+ and/or D-) in the USB interface to perform a device (such as a terminal) to be charged. Communication.
  • the photo-coupling unit 234 can also be connected to the voltage stabilizing unit such that the operating voltage of the optocoupler remains stable.
  • the voltage stabilizing unit in the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by using a Low Dropout Regulator (LDO).
  • LDO Low Dropout Regulator
  • FIG. 23 is an example in which the control unit (MCU) adjusts the reference voltage of the first operational amplifier OPA1 through the DAC1 as an example.
  • the reference voltage adjustment manner corresponds to the reference voltage adjustment manner shown in FIG. 4, but the implementation of the present invention is implemented.
  • the example is not limited thereto, and any reference voltage adjustment manner as described in FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 may also be adopted, which will not be described in detail herein for brevity.
  • FIG. 23 is an example in which the control unit (MCU) adjusts the reference voltage of the second operational amplifier OPA2 through the DAC 2 as an example.
  • the reference voltage adjustment manner corresponds to the reference voltage adjustment manner shown in FIG. 12, but the present invention is implemented.
  • the example is not limited thereto, and any reference voltage adjustment manner as described in FIG. 13 to FIG. 16 may also be adopted, which will not be described in detail herein for brevity.
  • the embodiment of the device of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 23 .
  • the method embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 24 . It should be understood that the description of the method side corresponds to the description of the device side. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic flowchart of a charging control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging method of FIG. 24 may be performed by the second adapter 10 above, which may include the following actions.
  • the output voltage and the output current of the second adapter are stabilized when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter reaches the target voltage, or the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter reaches the target current.
  • the second adapter supports a first charging mode, the first charging mode being a constant voltage mode.
  • the target voltage is the voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode
  • the target current is the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode.
  • the method of FIG. 24 may further include: adjusting an output voltage of the second adapter to a voltage corresponding to the constant voltage mode according to the voltage feedback signal.
  • the 2440 may include: when the current feedback signal indicates that the output current of the second adapter reaches the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode, controlling the output current of the second adapter does not exceed the second adapter allowing in the constant voltage mode The maximum current output.
  • the second adapter includes a primary rectification unit, a transformer, a secondary rectification unit, and a secondary filtering unit that outputs the pulsating form of the voltage directly to the transformer.
  • the maximum current allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant voltage mode is determined based on the capacity of the capacitance in the secondary filtering unit.
  • the second adapter supports the second charging mode.
  • the second charging mode is a constant current mode.
  • the target voltage is the maximum voltage that the second adapter is allowed to output in the constant current mode
  • the target current is the current corresponding to the constant current mode.
  • the method of FIG. 24 further includes adjusting the output current of the second adapter to a current corresponding to the constant current mode according to the current feedback signal.
  • the 2440 may include: when the voltage feedback signal indicates that the output voltage of the second adapter reaches the maximum voltage allowed to be output by the second adapter in the constant current mode, controlling the output voltage of the second adapter does not exceed the second adapter allowing in the constant current mode The maximum voltage output.
  • the method of FIG. 24 may further include: adjusting a value of the target voltage.
  • the second adapter supports the first charging mode and the second charging mode
  • the value of the adjusting target voltage may include: based on a first charging mode or a second charging currently used by the second adapter Mode, adjust the value of the target voltage.
  • detecting the output voltage of the second adapter to generate the voltage feedback signal may include: sampling an output voltage of the second adapter to obtain a first voltage; comparing the first voltage with the first The reference voltage is generated based on the comparison result of the first voltage and the first reference voltage, and the value of the target voltage is adjusted, and the value of the target voltage is adjusted by adjusting the value of the first reference voltage.
  • the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on the first DAC.
  • the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on an RC filtering unit.
  • the value of the first reference voltage is adjusted based on a digital potentiometer.
  • the method of FIG. 24 may further include: adjusting a current value of the target current.
  • the second adapter supports the first charging mode and the second charging mode.
  • the adjusting the current value of the target current may include adjusting a current value of the target current based on a first charging mode or a second charging mode currently used by the second adapter.
  • detecting the output current of the second adapter to generate the current feedback signal may include: sampling an output current of the second adapter to obtain a second voltage, where the second voltage is used to indicate a magnitude of an output current of the second adapter; comparing the second voltage with the second reference voltage; generating a current feedback signal based on a comparison result of the second voltage and the second reference voltage; and adjusting the current value of the target current may include: adjusting The voltage value of the reference voltage is adjusted to adjust the current value of the target current.
  • the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on the second DAC.
  • the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on an RC filtering unit.
  • the value of the second reference voltage is adjusted based on a digital potentiometer.
  • the voltage division ratio is a voltage division ratio of the digital potentiometer.
  • the second adapter supports a first charging mode and a second charging mode.
  • the charging speed of the second adapter in the second charging mode to the charging device is faster than the charging speed of the second adapter in the first charging mode to the device to be charged.
  • the method of FIG. 24 may further include: performing two-way communication with the device to be charged during connection of the second adapter to the device to be charged to control the second adapter in the second charging mode Output.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: charging with the to-be-charged The device performs two-way communication to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to negotiate a charging mode between the second adapter and the device to be charged may include: sending the device to be charged a first instruction, the first instruction is used to query whether the device to be charged turns on the second charging mode, and receives a reply instruction of the first instruction sent by the device to be charged, and the reply of the first instruction The instruction is used to indicate whether the device to be charged agrees to enable the second charging mode; and when the device to be charged agrees to turn on the second charging mode, using the second charging mode as the device to be charged Charging.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: charging with the to-be-charged The device performs two-way communication to determine a charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged; adjusting a voltage value of the target voltage to make The voltage value of the target voltage is equal to a charging voltage output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged The charging voltage may include: transmitting a second instruction to the device to be charged, the second instruction for querying whether an output voltage of the second adapter matches a current voltage of a battery of the device to be charged; receiving the a reply instruction of the second instruction sent by the device to be charged, the The reply instruction of the two instructions is used to indicate that the output voltage of the second adapter matches, is higher or lower than the current voltage of the battery.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: charging with the to-be-charged The device performs two-way communication to determine a charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged; adjusting a current value of the target current to make The current value of the target current is equal to the charging current output by the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to determine the output of the second adapter in the second charging mode for charging the device to be charged The charging current may include: sending a third instruction to the device to be charged, the third instruction is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and receiving the third instruction sent by the device to be charged Responding instruction, the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged; and determining a location in the second charging mode according to a maximum charging current currently supported by the device to be charged a charging current output by the second adapter for charging the device to be charged.
  • the process of performing bidirectional communication with the device to be charged to control an output of the second adapter in the second charging mode may include: using the During the charging mode of the two charging modes, two-way communication is performed with the device to be charged to adjust the output current of the second adapter.
  • the two-way communication with the device to be charged to adjust an output current of the second adapter may include: a fourth instruction sent to the device to be charged, the The fourth command is used to query the current voltage of the battery of the device to be charged; the reply command of the fourth command sent by the second adapter is received, and the reply command of the fourth command is used to indicate the current voltage of the battery And adjusting an output current of the second adapter according to a current voltage of the battery.
  • the second adapter comprises a charging interface.
  • the second adapter performs two-way communication with the device to be charged through a data line in the charging interface.
  • the second adapter supports a second charging mode.
  • the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, the output current of the second adapter is a pulsating direct current.
  • the second adapter supports a first charging mode.
  • the first charging mode is a constant voltage mode.
  • the second adapter includes a secondary filtering unit, and the method of FIG. 24 may further include: controlling, in the first charging mode, the secondary filtering unit to operate such that a voltage value of an output voltage of the second adapter is constant And in the second charging mode, controlling the secondary filtering unit to stop working, so that an output current of the second adapter is a pulsating direct current.
  • the second adapter supports a second charging mode.
  • the second charging mode is a constant current mode, and in the second charging mode, an output current of the second adapter is an alternating current.
  • the second adapter supports a second charging mode.
  • the output voltage and the output current of the second adapter are directly loaded on both ends of the battery of the device to be charged, and the battery is directly charged.
  • the second adapter is a second adapter for charging a device to be charged.
  • the second adapter includes a control unit for controlling a charging process, the control unit being an MCU.
  • the second adapter includes a charging interface
  • the charging interface is a USB interface
  • first adapter and second adapter herein are for convenience of description only, and are not intended to limit the specific types of adapters of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another The system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, second adapter or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种适配器和充电控制方法，该适配器包括：功率转换单元；电压反馈单元；电流反馈单元；功率调整单元，功率调整单元的输入端与电压反馈单元的输出端和电流反馈单元的输出端相连，功率调整单元的输出端与功率转换单元相连，功率调整单元用于接收电压反馈信号和电流反馈信号，并在电压反馈信号指示第二适配器的输出电压达到目标电压，或电流反馈信号指示第二适配器的输出电流达到目标电流的情况下，稳定第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流。本发明实施例提供的第二适配器能够提高充电过程的安全性。

Description

适配器和充电控制方法 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及充电技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种适配器和充电控制方法。
背景技术
适配器又称为电源适配器，用于为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。目前市面上的适配器通常采用恒压的方式为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，当待充电设备(如终端)所吸取的电流超过适配器所能提供的最大电流输出阈值时，可能会引发适配器进入过载保护状态，无法继续对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种适配器和充电控制方法，以提高充电过程的安全性。
第一方面，提供一种适配器，所述适配器包括：功率转换单元，用于对输入的交流电转进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；电压反馈单元，所述电压反馈单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述电压反馈单元用于对所述适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，所述电压反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电压是否达到设定的目标电压；电流反馈单元，所述电流反馈单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述电流反馈单元用于对所述适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，所述电流反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电流是否达到设定的目标电流；功率调整单元，所述功率调整单元的输入端与所述电压反馈单元的输出端和所述电流反馈单元的输出端相连，所述功率调整单元的输出端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述功率调整单元用于接收所述电压反馈信号和所述电流反馈信号，并在所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述目标电压，或所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述目标电流的情况下，稳定所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；充电接口，所述适配器通过所述充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
第二方面，提供一种充电控制方法，所述方法应用于适配器，所述方法包括：对输入的交流电转进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；对所述适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，所述电压反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电压是否达到设定的目标电压；对所述适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，所述电流反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电流是否达到设定的目标电流；在所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述目标电压，或所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述目标电流的情况下，稳定所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；通过充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
本发明实施例的适配器既包括电压反馈单元，也包括电流反馈单元，其中电压反馈单元、功率调整单元和功率转换单元形成用于对适配器的输出电压进行闭环控制的硬件电路，即硬件形式的电压反馈环；电流反馈单元、功率调整单元和功率转换单元形成用于对适配器的输出电流进行闭环控制的硬件电路，即硬件形式的电流反馈环。在双环反馈控制的基础上，本发明实施例的功率调整单元会综合考虑电压反馈信号和电流反馈信号提供的反馈信息，并在适配器的输出电压和适配器的输出电流中的任意一个达到目标值的情况下，稳定适配器的输出电压和输出电流。换句话说，本发明实施例中，适配器的输出电压和输出电流中的任意一个达到目标值时，功率调整单元均能立刻感知这一事件的发生，并立刻对这一事件进行响应，以稳定适配器的输出电压和输出电流，提高了充电过程的安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A是本发明一个实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图1B是本发明实施例的功率转换单元的示意性结构图。
图2是本发明另一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图3是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图4是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图5是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图6是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图7是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图8是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图9是本发明实施例的电压比较单元的示意性结构图。
图10是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图11是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图12是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图13是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图14是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图15是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图16是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图17是本发明实施例的电流比较单元的示意性结构图。
图18是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图19A是本发明实施例的第二适配器与待充电设备的连接方式示意图。
图19B是本发明实施例的快充通信过程的示意图。
图20是脉动直流电的电流波形示意图。
图21是本发明又一实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。
图22是本发明实施例的恒流模式下的脉动直流电的示意图。
图23是本发明实施例的第二适配器的电路示例图。
图24是本发明实施例的充电控制方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
相关技术中提到了用于为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的一第一适配器。该第一适配器工作在恒压模式下。在恒压模式下，该第一适配器输出的电压基本维持恒定，比如5V，9V，12V或20V等。
该第一适配器输出的电压并不适合直接加载到电池两端，而是需要先经 过待充电设备(如终端)内的变换电路进行变换，以得到待充电设备(如终端)内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
变换电路用于对第一适配器输出的电压进行变换，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求。
作为一种示例，该变换电路可指充电管理模块，例如充电集成电路(integrated circuit，IC)。在电池的充电过程中，用于对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流进行管理。该变换电路具有电压反馈模块的功能，和/或，具有电流反馈模块的功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段，恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的一个或者多个。在涓流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在涓流充电阶段进入到电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流大小(譬如第一充电电流)。在恒流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段进入电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流大小(譬如第二充电电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流)。在恒压充电阶段，变换电路可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段加载到电池两端的电压满足电池所预期的充电电压大小。
作为一种示例，当第一适配器输出的电压大于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对第一适配器输出的电压进行降压处理，以使降压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。作为又一种示例，当第一适配器输出的电压小于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对第一适配器输出的电压进行升压处理，以使升压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以第一适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当电池包括单个电芯(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压为4.2V)时，变换电路(例如Buck降压电路)可对第一适配器输出的电压进行降压处理，以使得降压后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以第一适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当第一适配器为串联有两个及两个以上单电芯的电池(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压为4.2V)充电时，变换电路(例如Boost升压电路)可对第一适配器输出的电压进行升压处理，以使得升压后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
变换电路受限于电路转换效率低下的原因，致使未被转换部分的电能以热量的形式散失。这部分热量会聚焦在待充电设备(如终端)内部。待充电设备(如终端)的设计空间和散热空间都很小(例如，用户使用的移动终端物理尺寸越来越轻薄，同时移动终端内密集排布了大量的电子元器件以提升移动终端的性能)，这不但提升了变换电路的设计难度，还会导致聚焦在待充电设备(如终端)内的热量很难及时移除，进而引发待充电设备(如终端)的异常。
例如，变换电路上聚集的热量可能会对变换电路附近的电子元器件造成热干扰，引发电子元器件的工作异常。又如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会缩短变换电路及附近电子元件的使用寿命。又如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会对电池造成热干扰，进而导致电池充放电异常。又如变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会导致待充电设备(如终端)的温度升高，影响用户在充电时的使用体验。又如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会导致变换电路自身的短路，使得第一适配器输出的电压直接加载在电池两端而引起充电异常，如果电池长时间处于过压充电状态，甚至会引发电池的爆炸，危及用户安全。
本发明实施例提供一种输出电压可调的第二适配器。该第二适配器能够获取电池的状态信息。电池的状态信息可以包括电池当前的电量信息和/或电压信息。该第二适配器可以根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节第二适配器自身的输出电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求。进一步地，在电池充电过程的恒流充电阶段，第二适配器调节后输出的电压可直接加载在电池的两端为电池充电。
该第二适配器可以具有电压反馈模块的功能和电流反馈模块的功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
该第二适配器根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节第二适配器自身的输出电压可以指：该第二适配器能够实时获取到电池的状态信息，并根据每次所获取到的电池的实时状态信息来调节第二适配器自身输出的电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
该第二适配器根据实时获取到的电池的状态信息来调节第二适配器自身的输出电压可以指：随着充电过程中电池电压的不断上升，第二适配器能够获取到充电过程中不同时刻电池的当前状态信息，并根据电池的当前状态信息来实时调节第二适配器自身的输出电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压 和/或充电电流的需求。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段，恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的一个或者多个。在涓流充电阶段，第二适配器可利用电流反馈环使得在涓流充电阶段由第二适配器输出且进入电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(譬如第一充电电流)。在恒流充电阶段，第二适配器可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段由第二适配器输出且进入到电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(譬如第二充电电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流)，并且，在恒流充电阶段，第二适配器可以将输出的充电电压直接加载在电池两端为电池充电。在恒压充电阶段，第二适配器可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段由第二适配器输出的电压满足电池所预期的充电电压的需求。
对于涓流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段，第二适配器输出的电压可以采用类似第一适配器的处理方式，即经过待充电设备(如终端)内的变换电路进行变换，以得到待充电设备(如终端)内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
可选地，作为一种实现方式，第二适配器的电流反馈环可以在电压反馈环的基础上采用软件的方式实现。具体地，当第二适配器输出的充电电流不符合要求时，第二适配器可以根据期望的充电电流计算出期望的充电电压，并通过电压反馈环将第二适配器输出的充电电压调整为该计算出的期望的充电电压，相当于通过软件的方式，借助电压反馈环实现了电流反馈环的功能。但是，在采用恒压的方式为电池充电的过程中，充电电路上的负载电流经常是快速变化的，如果第二适配器通过软件的方式实现电流反馈环，需要进行电流采样、电流电压转换等中间操作，导致第二适配器对负载电流的响应速度慢，从而可能会导致待充电设备(如终端)所吸取的电流超过第二适配器所能提供的最大电流输出阈值，引发第二适配器进入过载保护状态，无法继续对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
为了提升第二适配器对负载电流的响应速度，可以在第二适配器内部设置硬件形式的电压反馈环和硬件形式的电流反馈环，下面结合图1A进行详细描述。
图1A是本发明实施例的第二适配器的示意性结构图。图1A的第二适配器10可包括功率转换单元11、电压反馈单元12、电流反馈单元13和功 率调整单元14。
功率转换单元11用于对输入的交流电转进行转换，以得到第二适配器10的输出电压和输出电流。
电压反馈单元12的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，电压反馈单元12用于对第二适配器10的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，电压反馈信号用于指示第二适配器10的输出电压是否达到设定的目标电压。
电流反馈单元13的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，电流反馈单元13用于对第二适配器10的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，电流反馈信号用于指示第二适配器10的输出电流是否达到设定的目标电流。
功率调整单元14的输入端与电压反馈单元12的输出端和电流反馈单元13的输出端相连，功率调整单元14的输出端与功率转换单元11相连，功率调整单元14用于接收电压反馈信号和电流反馈信号，并在电压反馈信号指示第二适配器10的输出电压达到目标电压，或电流反馈信号指示第二适配器10的输出电流达到目标电流的情况下，稳定第二适配器10的输出电压和输出电流。
功率调整单元14稳定第二适配器10的输出电压和输出电流可以指功率调整单元14控制第二适配器10的输出电压和输出电流保持不变。以功率调整单元14是基于脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)的功率调整单元为例，在PWM控制信号的频率和占空比保持不变的情况下，第二适配器10的输出电压和输出电流即可保持稳定。
本发明实施例的第二适配器既包括电压反馈单元，也包括电流反馈单元，其中电压反馈单元、功率调整单元和功率转换单元形成用于对第二适配器的输出电压进行闭环控制的硬件电路，即硬件形式的电压反馈环；电流反馈单元、功率调整单元和功率转换单元形成用于对第二适配器的输出电流进行闭环控制的硬件电路，即硬件形式的电流反馈环。在双环反馈控制的基础上，本发明实施例的功率调整单元会综合考虑电压反馈信号和电流反馈信号提供的反馈信息，并在第二适配器的输出电压和第二适配器的输出电流中的任意一个达到目标值的情况下，稳定第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流。换句话说，本发明实施例中，第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流中的任意一个达到目标值时，功率调整单元均能立刻感知这一事件的发生，并立刻对这一事件进行响应，以稳定第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流，提高了充电过程 的安全性。
以恒压模式为例，电压反馈环主要负责将第二适配器的输出电压调整至恒压模式对应的电压，电流反馈环可以负责检测第二适配器的输出电流是否达到目标电流(此时的目标电流可以是恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流)，一旦第二适配器的输出电流达到目标电流，功率调整单元通过电流反馈环能够立刻感知这一事件，并及时稳定第二适配器的输出电流，防止其进一步增大。同理，在恒流模式下，电流反馈环可以负责将第二适配器的输出电流调整至恒流模式对应的电流，电压反馈环可以负责检测第二适配器的输出电压是否达到目标电压(此时的目标电压可以是恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压)，一旦输出电压达到目标电压，功率调整单元通过电压反馈环能够立刻感知这一事件，并及时稳定第二适配器的输出电压，防止其进一步增大。
电压反馈信号和电流反馈信号是指二者反馈的对象不同，并非要对电压反馈信号和电流反馈信号的信号类型进行限定。具体地，电压反馈信号可用于反馈第二适配器的输出电压，电流反馈信号可用于反馈第二适配器的输出电流，但二者均可以是电压信号。
目标电压可以是预先设定好的固定值，也可以是可调节的变量。在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以根据实际需要，通过一定的调节电路调节目标电压的电压值。比如，待充电设备(终端)可以向第二适配器发送目标电压的调节指令，第二适配器10根据该目标电压的调节指令调节目标电压的电压值。又如，第二适配器10可以从待充电设备接收电池的状态信息，并根据电池的状态实时调节目标电压的电压值。同理，目标电流可以是预先设定好的固定值，也可以是可调节的变量。在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以根据实际需要，通过一定的调节电路调节目标电流的电压值，比如，待充电设备(终端)可以向第二适配器10发送目标电流的调节指令，第二适配器10根据该目标电流的调节指令调节目标电流的电压值。又如，第二适配器10可以从待充电设备接收电池的状态信息，并根据电池的状态实时调节目标电流的电流值。
本发明实施例中所使用到的待充电设备可以是“通信终端”(或简称为“终端”)，包括但不限于被设置成经由有线线路连接(如经由公共交换电话网络(public switched telephone network,PSTN)、数字用户线路(digital subscriber line,DSL)、数字电缆、直接电缆连接，以及/或另一数据连接/网络) 和/或经由(例如，针对蜂窝网络、无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)、诸如手持数字视频广播(digital video broadcasting handheld，DVB-H)网络的数字电视网络、卫星网络、调幅-调频(amplitude modulation-frequency modulation,AM-FM)广播发送器，以及/或另一通信终端的)无线接口接收/发送通信信号的装置。被设置成通过无线接口通信的通信终端可以被称为“无线通信终端”、“无线终端”以及/或“移动终端”。移动终端的示例包括，但不限于卫星或蜂窝电话；可以组合蜂窝无线电电话与数据处理、传真以及数据通信能力的个人通信系统(personal communication system,PCS)终端；可以包括无线电电话、寻呼机、因特网/内联网接入、Web浏览器、记事簿、日历以及/或全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)接收器的个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant,PDA)；以及常规膝上型和/或掌上型接收器或包括无线电电话收发器的其它电子装置。
在一些实施例中，该第二适配器10可包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元(参见图23中的MCU)，以提高第二适配器10的智能程度。具体地，该控制单元可用于与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以获取待充电设备(如终端)的指令或状态信息(所述状态信息可指待充电设备电池的当前电压和/或待充电设备的温度等状态信息)，从而基于待充电设备(如终端)的指令或状态信号控制第二适配器10对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程。在一些实施例中，该控制单元可以是微控制单元(Microcontroller Unit，MCU)，但本发明实施例不限于此，还可以是其他类型的芯片或电路。
在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以包括充电接口(参见图19A的充电接口191)，但本发明实施例对充电接口的类型不作具体限定，例如，可以是通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口，所述USB接口可以是标准USB接口，也可以是micro USB接口，还可以是Type-C接口。
第二适配器10的充电模式或功能与目标电压和目标电流的选取有关，第二适配器10的充电模式或功能不同，目标电压和目标电流的取值也可以有所不同，下面分别以恒压模式和恒流模式为例进行详细说明。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10支持第一充电模式(即言，第二适配器10可工作在第一充电模式下为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电)。第一充电模式为恒压模式。在恒压模式下，第二适配器10的目标电压为恒压模式对应的电压。目标电流为第二适配器10在恒压模式下允许输出的最 大电流。功率调整单元14具体用于根据电压反馈信号，将第二适配器10的输出电压调整至恒压模式对应的电压，并当电流反馈信号指示第二适配器10的输出电流达到第二适配器10在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流时，控制第二适配器10的输出电流不超过第二适配器10在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流。
恒压模式下，第二适配器10的输出电压会调节至某一个固定电压值，上文中的恒压模式对应的电压即为该固定电压值。例如，恒压模式下，第二适配器10的输出电压为5V，则恒压模式对应的电压为5V。
本发明实施例将目标电压设定为恒压模式对应的电压，将目标电流设定为恒压模式下第二适配器允许输出的最大电流。这样一来，第二适配器能够基于电压反馈环迅速将第二适配器的输出电压调整至恒压模式对应的电压，为待充电设备(如终端)进行恒压充电。在恒压充电的过程中，一旦第二适配器的输出电流(即负载电流)达到了第二适配器允许输出的最大电流，第二适配器能够通过电流反馈环及时感知这一情况，并及时阻止第二适配器的输出电流的进一步上升，避免了充电故障的发生，提高了第二适配器对负载电流的响应能力。
举例说明，在恒压模式下，如果恒压模式对应的固定电压值为5V，第二适配器的输出电流通常维持在100mA～200mA之间。在这种情况下，可以将目标电压设定为固定电压值(如5V)，将目标电流设定为500mA或1A。一旦第二适配器的输出电流增长到该目标电流对应的电流值，功率调整单元14通过电流反馈环能够立刻感知这一事件的发生，并阻止第二适配器的输出电流的进一步增长。
如图1B所示，在上述实施例的基础上，功率转换单元11可以包括初级整流单元15、变压器16、次级整流单元17和次级滤波单元18，所述初级整流单元15将脉动形式的电压直接输出至所述变压器16。
现有技术中，功率转换单元既包括位于初级侧的整流单元和滤波单元，还包括位于次级侧的整流单元和滤波单元。位于初级侧的整流单元和滤波单元可以称为初级整流单元和初级滤波单元。位于次级侧的整流单元和滤波单元可以称为次级整流单元和次级滤波单元。初级滤波单元一般采用液态铝质电解电容进行滤波，液态铝质电解电容的体积较大，会导致适配器的体积较大。
本发明实施例中，功率转换单元11包括初级整流单元15、变压器16、次级整流单元17和次级滤波单元18，所述初级整流单元15将脉动形式的电压直接输出至所述变压器16。换句话说，本发明实施例提供的功率转换单元11不包括初级滤波单元，这样可以很大程度上减小第二适配器10的体积，使得第二适配器10更加便于携带。次级滤波单元18主要基于固态铝质电解电容进行滤波，去掉功率转换单元11中的初级滤波单元之后，虽然固态铝质电解电容的带负载能力有限，但由于硬件形式的电流反馈环的存在，可以及时响应负载电流的变化，从而避免因第二适配器的输出电流过大所导致的充电故障。
在上述去除初级滤波单元的方案中，第二适配器10在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流可以基于次级滤波单元中的电容的容量确定。例如，基于次级滤波单元中的电容的容量确定该次级滤波单元最大能够承受的负载电流为500mA或1A，则可以将目标电流设置为500mA或1A，从而可以避免第二适配器的输出电流超过目标电流而引起的充电故障。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10支持第二充电模式(即言，第二适配器10可工作在第二充电模式下为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电)，第二充电模式为恒流模式。在恒流模式下，目标电压为第二适配器10在恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压，目标电流为恒流模式对应的电流。功率调整单元14具体用于根据电流反馈信号，将第二适配器10的输出电流调整至恒流模式对应的电流，并当电压反馈信号指示第二适配器10的输出电压达到第二适配器10在恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压时，控制第二适配器10的输出电压不超过第二适配器10在恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压。
本发明实施例将目标电流设定为恒流模式对应的电流，将目标电压设定为恒流模式下第二适配器允许输出的最大电压，这样一来，第二适配器能够基于电流反馈环迅速将第二适配器的输出电流调整至恒流模式对应的电流，为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，在充电过程中，一旦第二适配器的输出电压达到了第二适配器允许输出的最大电压，第二适配器能够通过电压反馈环及时感知这一情况，并及时阻止第二适配器的输出电压的进一步上升，避免了充电故障的发生。
可选地，如图2所示，在上述任一实施例的基础上，第二适配器10还可包括第一调整单元21。第一调整单元21与电压反馈单元12相连，该第一 调整单元21可用于调整目标电压的取值。
本发明实施例引入了第一调整单元，该第一调整单元能够根据实际需要调整第二适配器的输出电压，提高了第二适配器的智能程度。例如，第二适配器10可以工作在第一充电模式或第二充电模式下，第一调整单元21可以基于第二适配器10当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式来对应地调整目标电压的取值。
可选地，在图2实施例的基础上，如图3所示，电压反馈单元12可包括电压采样单元31和电压比较单元32。电压采样单元31的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，用于对第二适配器10的输出电压进行采样，得到第一电压。电压比较单元32的输入端与电压采样单元31的输出端相连。电压比较单元32用于比较第一电压和第一参考电压，并基于第一电压和第一参考电压的比较结果，生成电压反馈信号。第一调整单元21与电压比较单元32相连，为电压比较单元32提供第一参考电压，第一调整单元21可通过调整第一参考电压的取值来实现调整目标电压的取值的目的。
应理解，本发明实施例中的第一电压对应于第二适配器的输出电压，或第一电压用于指示第二适配器的当前输出电压的大小。此外，本发明实施例中的第一参考电压对应于目标电压，或第一参考电压用于指示目标电压的大小。
在一些实施例中，当第一电压小于第一参考电压时，电压比较单元生成第一电压反馈信号，该第一电压反馈信号用于指示第二适配器的输出电压还未达到目标电压；当第一电压等于第一参考电压时，电压比较单元生成第二电压反馈信号，该第二电压反馈信号用于指示第二适配器的输出电压达到目标电压。
本发明实施例对电压采样单元31的具体形式不作限定，例如，电压采样单元31可以是一根导线，此时，第一电压即为第二适配器的输出电压，第一参考电压即为目标电压；又如，电压采样单元31可以包括进行串联分压的两个电阻，此时，第一电压可以是该两个电阻分压后得到的电压，第一参考电压的取值与两个电阻的分压比相关，以目标电压等于5V为例，假设第二适配器的输出电压达到5V时，经过两个电阻的串联分压，第一电压为0.5V，则第一参考电压可以设置为0.5V。
图3实施例中的第一调整单元21调整第一参考电压的方式可以有多种， 下面结合图4-图6进行详细描述。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图4所示，第一调整单元21可包括控制单元41和第一数字模拟转换器(Digital to Analog Converter，DAC)42。第一DAC 42的输入端与控制单元41相连，第一DAC 42的输出端与电压比较单元32相连。控制单元41通过第一DAC 42实现调整第一参考电压的取值的目的。
具体地，控制单元41可以是MCU，MCU可以通过DAC端口与第一DAC 42相连，MCU通过DAC端口输出数字信号，并通过第一DAC 42将数字信号转换成模拟信号，该模拟信号即为第一参考电压的电压值。DAC具有信号转换速度快、精度高的特点，通过DAC调整参考电压能够提高第二适配器对参考电压的调节速度和控制精度。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图5所示，第一调整单元21可包括控制单元51和RC滤波单元52。RC滤波单元52的输入端与控制单元51相连，RC滤波单元52的输出端与电压比较单元32相连。控制单元51用于生成PWM信号，并通过调整PWM信号的占空比调整第一参考电压的取值。
具体地，控制单元51可以是MCU，MCU可以通过PWM端口输出PWM信号，该PWM信号经过RC滤波电路52滤波之后，可以形成稳定的模拟量，即第一参考电压。RC滤波电路52具有实现简单，价格便宜的特点，能够以较低的成本实现第一参考电压的调节。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图6所示，第一调整单元21可包括控制单元61和数字电位器62。数字电位器62的控制端与控制单元61相连，数字电位器62的输出端与电压比较单元32相连。控制单元61通过调整数字电位器62的分压比，调整第一参考电压的取值。
具体地，控制单元61可以是MCU，MCU可以通过内部整合电路(Inter Integrated Circuit，I2C)接口与数字电位器62的控制端相连，用于调节数字电位器62的分压比，数字电位器62的高电位端可以为VDD，即电源端，数字电位器62的低电位端可以与地相连，数字电位器62的输出端(或称调节输出端)与电压比较单元32相连，用于向电压比较单元32输出第一参考电压。数字电位器实现简单，价格便宜，能够以较低的成本实现第一参考电压的调节。
可选地，在图2实施例的基础上，如图7所示，电压反馈单元12可包 括分压单元71和电压比较单元72。分压单元71的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，用于按照设定的分压比对第二适配器10的输出电压进行分压，生成第一电压。电压比较单元72的输入端与分压单元71的输出端相连，用于比较第一电压和第一参考电压，并基于第一电压和第一参考电压的比较结果，生成电压反馈信号。第一调整单元21与分压单元71相连，通过调整分压单元71的分压比，调整目标电压的电压值。
图7的实施例与图3-图6实施例的主要区别在于图3-图6的实施例是通过调整电压比较单元的参考电压实现目标电压的电压值的调整，图7的实施例是通过调整分压单元71的分压比实现目标电压的电压值的调整。换句话说，图7的实施例中，第一参考电压可以设置成固定值VREF，如果希望第二适配器的输出电压为5V，则可以调节分压单元71的分压比，使得第二适配器的输出电压为5V时，分压单元71的输出端的电压等于VREF；同理，如果希望第二适配器的输出电压为3V，则可以通过调整分压单元71的分压比，使得第二适配器的输出电压为3V时，分压单元71的输出端的电压等于VREF。
本发明实施例通过分压单元实现了第二适配器的输出电压的采样和目标电压的电压值的调整，简化了第二适配器的电路结构。
本发明实施例的分压单元71的实现方式有多种，例如，可以采用数字电位器实现，也可以通过离散的电阻、开关等元件实现上述分压和分压比调节的功能。
以数字电位器的实现方式为例，如图8所示，分压单元71可以包括数字电位器81。第一调整单元21可以包括控制单元82。数字电位器81的高电位端与功率转换单元11相连，数字电位器81的低电位端与地相连。数字电位器81的输出端与电压比较单元72的输入端相连。控制单元82与数字电位器81的控制端相连，用于调整数字电位器81的分压比。
上文中的电压比较单元72的实现方式有多种，在一些实施例中，如图9所示，电压比较单元72可以包括第一运放。该第一运放的反相输入端用于接收第一电压，第一运放的同相输入端用于接收第一参考电压，第一运放的输出端用于生成电压反馈信号。第一运放也可称为第一误差放大器，或电压误差放大器。
可选地，如图10所示，在上述任一实施例的基础上，第二适配器10还可包括第二调整单元101，第二调整单元101与电流反馈单元13相连，用于 调整目标电流的电流值。
本发明实施例引入了第二调整单元，该第二调整单元能够根据实际需要调整第二适配器的输出电流，提高了第二适配器的智能程度。例如，第二适配器10可工作在第一充电模式或第二充电模式下，第二调整单元101基于第二适配器10当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式来调整目标电流的电流值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在图10的实施例的基础上，如图11所示，电流反馈单元13可包括电流采样单元111和电流比较单元112。电流采样单元111的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，用于对第二适配器10的输出电流进行采样，得到第二电压，第二电压用于指示第二适配器10的输出电流的大小。电流比较单元112的输入端与电流采样单元111的输出端相连，用于比较第二电压和第二参考电压，并基于第二电压和第二参考电压的比较结果，生成电流反馈信号。第二调整单元101与电流比较单元112相连，为电流比较单元112提供第二参考电压，并通过调整第二参考电压的电压值，调整目标电流的电流值。
应理解，本发明实施例中的第二电压对应于第二适配器的输出电流，或第二电压用于指示第二适配器的输出电流的大小。此外，本发明实施例中的第二参考电压对应于目标电流，或第二参考电压用于指示目标电流的大小。
具体地，当第二电压小于第二参考电压时，电流比较单元生成第一电流反馈信号，该第一电流反馈信号用于指示第二适配器的输出电流还未达到目标电流；当第二电压等于第二参考电压时，电流比较单元生成第二电流反馈信号，该第二电流反馈信号用于指示第二适配器的输出电流达到目标电流。
电流采样单元111得到第二电压的方式具体可以是：电流采样单元111先对第二适配器的输出电流进行采样，得到采样电流。然后根据采样电流的大小，将其转换成对应的采样电压(采样电压值等于采样电流值与采样电阻的乘积)。在一些实施例中，可以将该采样电压直接作为第二电压。在另一些实施例中，也可以采用多个电阻对该采样电压进行分压，将分压后的电压作为第二电压。电流采样单元111中的电流采样功能具体可以由检流计来实现。
图11实施例中的第二调整单元调整第二参考电压的方式可以有多种，下面结合图12-图14进行详细描述。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图12所示，第二调整单元101可包括控制单元121和第二DAC 122。第二DAC 122的输入端与控制单元121相连，第二DAC 122的输出端与电流比较单元112相连。控制单元121通过第二DAC 122调整第二参考电压的电压值。
具体地，控制单元121可以是MCU。MCU可以通过DAC端口与第二DAC 122相连。MCU通过DAC端口输出数字信号，并通过第二DAC 122将数字信号转换成模拟信号。该模拟信号即为第一参考电压的电压值。DAC具有信号转换速度快、精度高的特点，通过DAC调整参考电压能够提高第二适配器对参考电压的调节速度和控制精度。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图13所示，第二调整单元101可包括控制单元131和RC滤波单元132。RC滤波单元132的输入端与控制单元131相连，RC滤波单元132的输出端与电流比较单元112相连。控制单元131用于生成PWM信号，并通过调整PWM信号的占空比调整第二参考电压的电压值。
具体地，控制单元131可以是MCU。MCU可以通过PWM端口输出PWM信号。该PWM信号经过RC滤波电路132滤波之后，可以形成稳定的模拟量，即第二参考电压。RC滤波电路132具有实现简单，价格便宜的特点，能够以较低的成本实现第二参考电压的调节。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图14所示，第二调整单元101可包括控制单元141和数字电位器142。数字电位器142的控制端与控制单元141相连，数字电位器142的输出端与电流比较单元112相连。控制单元141通过调整数字电位器142的分压比，调整第二参考电压的电压值。
在一些实施例中，控制单元141可以是MCU。MCU可以通过I2C接口与数字电位器142的控制端相连，用于调节数字电位器142的分压比。数字电位器142的高电位端可以为VDD，即电源端，数字电位器142的低电位端可以与地相连。数字电位器142的输出端(或称调节输出端)与电流比较单元112相连，用于向电流比较单元112输出第二参考电压。数字电位器实现简单，价格便宜，能够以较低的成本实现对第二参考电压的调节。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在图10实施例的基础上，如图15所示，电流反馈单元13可包括电流采样单元151、分压单元152和电流比较单元153。电流采样单元151的输入端与功率转换单元11相连，用于对第二适配器10 的输出电流进行采样，得到第三电压。第三电压用于指示第二适配器10的输出电流的大小。分压单元152的输入端与电流采样单元151的输出端相连，用于按照设定的分压比对第三电压进行分压，生成第二电压。电流比较单元153的输入端与分压单元152的输出端相连，用于比较第二电压和第二参考电压，并基于第二电压和第二参考电压的比较结果，生成电流反馈信号。第二调整单元101与分压单元152相连，通过调整分压单元152的分压比，调整目标电流的电流值。
图15的实施例与图11-图14实施例的主要区别在于图11-图14的实施例是通过调整电流比较单元的参考电压实现目标电流的电流值的调整，图15的实施例是通过调整分压单元152的分压比实现目标电流的电流值的调整。换句话说，图15的实施例中，第二参考电压可以设置成固定值VREF，如果希望第二适配器的输出电流为300mV，则可以调节分压单元152的分压比，使得第二适配器的输出电流为300mV时，分压单元152的输出端的电压等于VREF；同理，如果希望第二适配器的输出电流为500mV，则可以通过调整分压单元152的分压比，使得第二适配器的输出电流为500mV时，分压单元152的输出端的电压等于VREF。
本发明实施例的分压单元152的实现方式有多种，例如，可以采用数字电位器实现，也可以通过离散的电阻、开关等元件实现上述分压和分压比调节的功能。
以数字电位器的实现方式为例，如图16所示，分压单元152包括数字电位器161，第二调整单元101包括控制单元162。数字电位器161的高电位端与电流采样单元151的输出端相连，数字电位器161的低电位端与地相连，数字电位器161的输出端与电流比较单元153的输入端相连。控制单元162与数字电位器161的控制端相连，用于调整数字电位器161的分压比。
上文中的控制单元可以是一个控制单元，也可以是多个控制单元。在一些实施例中，上文的第一调整单元和第二调整单元中的控制单元为同一控制单元。
上文中的电流比较单元153的实现方式有多种，在一些实施例中，如图17所示，电流比较单元153可以包括第二运放。该第二运放的反相输入端用于接收第二电压，第二运放的同相输入端用于接收第二参考电压，第二运放的输出端用于生成电流反馈信号。第二运放也可称为第二误差放大器，或电 流误差放大器。
上文结合图1至图17详细描述了电压反馈单元12和电流反馈单元13的实现方式，以及电压反馈单元12对应的目标电压和电流反馈单元13对应的目标电流的调整方式，下文结合图18详细描述功率调整单元14的实现方式。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图18所示，电压反馈单元12可包括第一运放(图18未示出，具体可以参见图9)，电压反馈单元12的第一运放的输出端用于输出电压反馈信号。电流反馈单元13可包括第二运放(图18未示出，具体可以参考图17)，电流反馈单元13的第二运放的输出端用于输出电流反馈信号。功率调整单元14可包括第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、光电耦合单元181和PWM控制单元182。电压反馈单元12的第一运放(参见图9，第一运放的输出端用于输出电压反馈信号)的输出端与第一二极管D1的负极相连。第一二极管D1的正极与光电耦合单元181的输入端相连。电流反馈单元13的第二运放的输出端(参见图17，第二运放的输出端用于输出电流反馈信号)与第二二极管D2的负极相连。第二二极管D2的正极与光电耦合单元181的输入端相连。光电耦合单元181的输出端与PWM控制单元182的输入端相连。PWM控制单元182的输出端与功率转换单元11相连。
应理解，本文中出现的第一运放可以指代同一运放。同理，本文中出现的第二运放可以指代同一运放。
具体地，在本实施例中，第一运放输出的电压信号即为电压反馈信号，第二运放输出的电压信号即为电流反馈信号，第一运放输出的电压信号为0指示第二适配器的输出电压达到目标电压，第二运放输出的电压信号为0指示第二适配器的输出端电流达到目标电流。第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2是两个反向并联的二极管，当第一运放和第二运放中的任意一个运放输出的电压信号为0时，图18中的反馈点的电压约为0(由于二极管导通需要一定的压差，所以反馈点的实际电压会略大于0，如可以是0.7V)。在这种情况下，光电耦合单元181工作在稳定状态，向PWM控制单元182输出稳定的电压信号。然后，PWM控制单元182生成占空比一定的PWM控制信号，通过功率转换单元11稳定第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流。换句话说，当第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流中的任意一个达到目标值时，反向并联 的第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2能够立刻感知这一事件的发生，进而使得第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流稳定。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10可以支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，第二适配器10在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电速度快于第二适配器10在第一充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电速度。换句话说，相较于工作在第一充电模式下的第二适配器10来说，工作在第二充电模式下的第二适配器10充满相同容量的待充电设备(如终端)中的电池的耗时更短。
第二适配器10包括控制单元，在第二适配器10与待充电设备(如终端)连接的过程中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制第二充电模式的充电过程。该控制单元可以是上述任意实施例中的控制单元，如可以是第一调整单元中的控制单元，也可以是第二调整单元中的控制单元。
第一充电模式可为普通充电模式，第二充电模式可为快速充电模式。该普通充电模式是指第二适配器输出相对较小的电流值(通常小于2.5A)或者以相对较小的功率(通常小于15W)来对待充电设备(如终端)中的电池进行充电，在普通充电模式下想要完全充满一较大容量电池(如3000毫安时容量的电池)，通常需要花费数个小时的时间；而在快速充电模式下，第二适配器能够输出相对较大的电流(通常大于2.5A，比如4.5A，5A甚至更高)或者以相对较大的功率(通常大于等于15W)来对待充电设备(如终端)中的电池进行充电，相较于普通充电模式而言，第二适配器在快速充电模式下完全充满相同容量电池所需要的充电时间能够明显缩短、充电速度更快。
本发明实施例对第二适配器的控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)的通信内容，以及控制单元对第二适配器在第二充电模式下的输出的控制方式不作具体限定，例如，控制单元可以与待充电设备(如终端)通信，交互待充电设备(如终端)中的电池的当前电压或当前电量，并基于电池的当前电压或当前电量调整第二适配器的输出电压或输出电流。下面结合具体的实施例对控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间的通信内容，以及控制单元对在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的控制方式进行详细描述。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：控制单 元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以协商第二适配器与待充电设备(如终端)之间的充电模式。
本发明实施例中，第二适配器并非盲目地采用第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行快速充电，而是与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，协商第二适配器是否可以采用第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行快速充电，这样能够提升充电过程的安全性。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以协商第二适配器与待充电设备(如终端)之间的充电模式可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第一指令，第一指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)是否开启第二充电模式；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的针对所述第一指令的回复指令，回复指令用于指示待充电设备(如终端)是否同意开启第二充电模式；在待充电设备(如终端)同意开启第二充电模式的情况下，控制单元使用第二充电模式为待充电设备(如终端)充电。
本发明实施例的上述描述并不会对第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)的主从性进行限定，换句话说，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)中的任何一方均可作为主设备方发起双向通信会话，相应地另外一方可以作为从设备方对主设备方发起的通信做出第一响应或第一回复。作为一种可行的方式，可以在通信过程中，通过比较第二适配器侧和待充电设备(如终端)侧相对于大地的电平高低来确认主、从设备的身份。
本发明实施例并未对第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)之间双向通信的具体实现方式作出限制，即言，第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)中的任何一方作为主设备方发起通信会话，相应地另外一方作为从设备方对主设备方发起的通信会话做出第一响应或第一回复，同时主设备方能够针对所述从设备方的第一响应或第一回复做出第二响应，即可认为主、从设备之间完成了一次充电模式的协商过程。作为一种可行的实施方式，主、从设备方之间可以在完成多次充电模式的协商后，再执行主、从设备方之间的充电操作，以确保协商后的充电过程安全、可靠的被执行。
作为主设备方能够根据所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复做出第二响应的一种方式可以是：主设备方能够接收到所述从设备方针 对通信会话所做出的第一响应或第一回复，并根据接收到的所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应。作为举例，当主设备方在预设的时间内接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应具体为：主设备方与从设备方完成了一次充电模式的协商，主设备方与从设备方之间根据协商结果按照第一充电模式或者第二充电模式执行充电操作，即第二适配器根据协商结果工作在第一充电模式或者第二充电模式下为待充电设备(如终端)充电。
作为主设备方能够根据所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复做出进一步的第二响应的一种方式还可以是：主设备方在预设的时间内没有接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方也会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应。作为举例，当主设备方在预设的时间内没有接收到所述从设备方针对通信会话的第一响应或第一回复，主设备方也会对所述从设备的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应具体为：主设备方与从设备方完成了一次充电模式的协商，主设备方与从设备方之间按照第一充电模式执行充电操作，即第二适配器工作在第一充电模式下为待充电设备(如终端)充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，当待充电设备(如终端)作为主设备发起通信会话，第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)作为从设备对主设备方发起的通信会话做出第一响应或第一回复后，无需要待充电设备(如终端)对第二适配器的第一响应或第一回复做出针对性的第二响应，即可认为第二适配器(或者第二适配器的控制单元)与待充电设备(如终端)之间完成了一次充电模式的协商过程，进而第二适配器能够根据协商结果确定以第一充电模式或者第二充电模式为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制第二适配器在第二充电模式下的输出的过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压；控制单元对目标电压的电压值进行调整，使目标电压的电压值等于在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第 二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第二指令，第二指令用于询问第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压是否匹配；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的第二指令的回复指令，第二指令的回复指令用于指示第二适配器的输出电压与电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。可替换地，第二指令可用于询问将第二适配器的当前输出电压作为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压是否合适，第二指令的回复指令可用于指示当前第二适配器的输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。第二适配器的当前输出电压与电池的当前电压匹配，或者第二适配器的当前输出电压适合作为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电压可以指第二适配器的当前输出电压略高于电池的当前电压，且第二适配器的输出电压与电池的当前电压之间的差值在预设范围内(通常在几百毫伏的量级)。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流；控制单元对目标电流的电流值进行调整，使目标电流的电流值等于在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第三指令，第三指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的第三指令的回复指令，第三指令的回复指令用于指示待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流；控制单元根据待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流。应理解，控制单元根据待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流的方式有多种，例如，第二适配器可以将待充电设备(如终端)当前支持 的最大充电电流确定为在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流，也可以综合考虑待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流以及自身的电流输出能力等因素之后，确定在第二充电模式下的第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下的第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：在第二适配器使用第二充电模式为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的过程中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以调整在第二充电模式下第二适配器的输出电流。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以调整第二适配器的输出电流可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第四指令，第四指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压；控制单元接收第二适配器发送的第四指令的回复指令，第四指令的回复指令用于指示电池的当前电压；控制单元根据电池的当前电压，调整第二适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，如图19A所示，第二适配器10包括充电接口191。进一步地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10中的控制单元(如图23中的MCU)可通过充电接口191中的数据线192与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信。
可选地，在一些实施例中，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以控制在第二充电模式下第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以确定充电接口是否接触不良。
具体地，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，以便确定充电接口是否接触不良可包括：控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送第四指令，第四指令用于询问待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压；控制单元接收待充电设备(如终端)发送的第四指令的回复指令，第四指令的回复指令用于指示待充电设备(如终端)的电池的当前电压；控制单元根据第二适配器的输出电压和待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压，确定充电接口是否接触不良。例如，控制单元确定第二适配器的输出电压和待充电设备(如终端)的当前电压的压差大于预设的电压阈值，则表明此时压差除以第二适配器输出的当前电流值所得到的阻抗大于预设的阻抗阈值，即可确定充电接 口接触不良。
可选地，在一些实施例中，充电接口接触不良也可由待充电设备(如终端)进行确定：待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送第六指令，第六指令用于询问第二适配器的输出电压；待充电设备(如终端)接收控制单元发送的第六指令的回复指令，第六指令的回复指令用于指示第二适配器的输出电压；待充电设备(如终端)根据待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压和第二适配器的输出电压，确定充电接口是否接触不良。在待充电设备(如终端)确定充电接口接触不良后，待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送第五指令，第五指令用于指示充电接口接触不良。控制单元在接收到第五指令之后，可以控制第二适配器退出第二充电模式。
下面结合图19B，更加详细地描述第二适配器中的控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间的通信过程。应注意，图19B的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本发明实施例，而非要将本发明实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的图19B的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改或变化也落入本发明实施例的范围内。
如图19B所示，在第二充电模式下第二适配器的输出对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程，即充电过程可以包含五个阶段：
阶段1：
待充电设备(如终端)与电源提供装置连接后，待充电设备(如终端)可以通过数据线D+、D-检测电源提供装置的类型，当检测到电源提供装置为第二适配器时，则待充电设备(如终端)吸收的电流可以大于预设的电流阈值I2(例如可以是1A)。当第二适配器中的控制单元检测到预设时长(例如，可以是连续T1时间)内第二适配器的输出电流大于或等于I2时，则控制单元可以认为待充电设备(如终端)对于电源提供装置的类型识别已经完成，控制单元开启第二适配器与待充电设备(如终端)之间的协商过程，向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1(对应于上述第一指令)，以询问待充电设备(如终端)是否同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
当控制单元收到待充电设备(如终端)发送的指令1的回复指令，且该指令1的回复指令指示待充电设备(如终端)不同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电时，控制单元再次检测第二适配器的 输出电流。当第二适配器的输出电流在预设的连续时长内(例如，可以是连续T1时间)仍然大于或等于I2时，控制单元再次向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1，询问待充电设备(如终端)是否同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。控制单元重复阶段1的上述步骤，直到待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，或第二适配器的输出电流不再满足大于或等于I2的条件。
当待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器以第二充电模式对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电后，通信流程进入第2阶段。
阶段2：
第二适配器的输出电压可以包括多个档位。控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令2(对应于上述第二指令)，以询问第二适配器的输出电压(当前的输出电压)与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压是否匹配。
待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送指令2的回复指令，以指示第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。如果针对指令2的回复指令指示第二适配器的输出电压偏高或偏低，控制单元可以将第二适配器的输出电压调整一格档位，并再次向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令2，重新询问第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压是否匹配。重复阶段2的上述步骤直到待充电设备(如终端)确定第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压匹配，进入第3阶段。
阶段3：
控制单元向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令3(对应于上述第三指令)，询问待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流。待充电设备(如终端)向控制单元发送指令3的回复指令，以指示待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流，并进入第4阶段。
阶段4：
控制单元根据待充电设备(如终端)当前支持的最大充电电流，确定在第二充电模式下第二适配器输出的用于对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电的充电电流，然后进入阶段5，即恒流充电阶段。
阶段5：
在进入恒流充电阶段后，控制单元可以每间隔一段时间向待充电设备 (如终端)发送指令4(对应于上述第四指令)，询问待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压。待充电设备(如终端)可以向控制单元发送指令4的回复指令，以反馈待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压。控制单元可以根据待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压，判断充电接口的接触是否良好，以及是否需要降低第二适配器的输出电流。当第二适配器判断充电接口的接触不良时，可以向待充电设备(如终端)发送指令5(对应于上述第五指令)，第二适配器会退出第二充电模式，然后复位并重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段1中，待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1的回复指令时，指令1的回复指令中可以携带该待充电设备(如终端)的通路阻抗的数据(或信息)。待充电设备(如终端)的通路阻抗数据可用于在阶段5判断充电接口的接触是否良好。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，从待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电到控制单元将第二适配器的输出电压调整到合适的充电电压所经历的时间可以控制在一定范围之内。如果该时间超出预定范围，则第二适配器或待充电设备(如终端)可以判定快充通信过程异常，复位以重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，当第二适配器的输出电压比待充电设备(如终端)电池的当前电压高ΔV(ΔV可以设定为200～500mV)时，待充电设备(如终端)可以向控制单元发送指令2的回复指令，以指示第二适配器的输出电压与待充电设备(如终端)的电池电压匹配。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段4中，第二适配器的输出电流的调整速度可以控制一定范围之内，这样可以避免由于调整速度过快而导致在第二充电模式下第二适配器输出对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程发生异常。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，第二适配器的输出电流的变化幅度可以控制在5％以内。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，控制单元可以实时监测充电电路的通路阻抗。具体地，控制单元可以根据第二适配器的输出电压、输出电流及待充电设备(如终端)反馈的电池的当前电压，监测充电电路的通路阻抗。当“充电电路的通路阻抗”>“待充电设备(如终端)的通路阻抗+充电线缆的阻抗”时，可以认为充电接口接触不良，第二适配器停止在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器开启在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电之后，控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间的通信时间间隔可以控制在一定范围之内，避免通信间隔过短而导致通信过程发生异常。
可选地，在一些实施例中，充电过程的停止(或第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电过程的停止)可以分为可恢复的停止和不可恢复的停止两种。
例如，当检测到待充电设备(如终端)的电池充满或充电接口接触不良时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。然后，待充电设备(如终端)不同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，则通信流程不进入阶段2。这种情况下的充电过程的停止可以视为不可恢复的停止。
又例如，当控制单元与待充电设备(如终端)之间出现通信异常时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。在满足阶段1的要求后，待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电以恢复充电过程。这种情况下的充电过程的停止可以视为可恢复的停止。
又例如，当待充电设备(如终端)检测到电池出现异常时，充电过程停止，充电通信过程复位，充电过程重新进入阶段1。然后，待充电设备(如终端)不同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。当电池恢复正常，且满足阶段1的要求后，待充电设备(如终端)同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电。这种情况下的快充过程的停止可以视为可恢复的停止。
以上对图19B示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例。例如，在阶段1中，待充电设备(如终端)与第二适配器进行连接后，待充电设备(如终端)与控制单元之间的握手通信也可以由待充电设备(如终端)发起，即待充电设备(如终端)发送指令1，询问控制单元是否开启第二充电模式。当待充电设备(如终端)接收到控制单元的回复指令指示控制单元同意第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)进行充电时，第二适配器开始在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的电池进行充电。
又如，在阶段5之后，还可包括恒压充电阶段。具体地，在阶段5中， 待充电设备(如终端)可以向控制单元反馈电池的当前电压，当电池的当前电压达到恒压充电电压阈值时，充电阶段从恒流充电阶段转入恒压充电阶段。在恒压充电阶段中，充电电流逐渐减小，当电流下降至某一阈值时停止整个充电过程，表示待充电设备(如终端)的电池已经被充满。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电(或称单向脉动的输出电流，或称脉动波形的电流，或称馒头波电流)。脉动直流电的波形如图20所示。
随着第二适配器的输出功率变大，第二适配器在对待充电设备(如终端)内的电池进行充电时，容易造成电池的析锂现象，从而降低电池的使用寿命。为了提高电池的可靠性和安全性，本发明实施例控制第二适配器输出脉动直流电。脉动直流电能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命。将第二适配器的输出电流设置为脉动直流电的方式可以有多种，例如，可以去掉功率转换单元11中的次级滤波单元，将次级电流整流之后直接输出，形成脉动直流电。
进一步地，如图21所示，在上述任一实施例的基础上，第二适配器10可支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，第二适配器在第二充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电速度快于第二适配器在第一充电模式下对待充电设备(如终端)的充电速度。功率转换单元11可包括次级滤波单元211，第二适配器10可包括控制单元212，控制单元212与次级滤波单元211相连。在第一充电模式下，控制单元212控制次级滤波单元211工作，使得第二适配器10的输出电压的电压值恒定。在第二充电模式下，控制单元212控制次级滤波单元211停止工作，使得第二适配器10的输出电流为脉动直流电。
本发明实施例中，控制单元可以控制次级滤波单元是否工作，使得第二适配器既可以输出电流值恒定的普通直流电，也可以输出电流值变化的脉动直流电，从而兼容了现有的充电模式。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10支持第二充电模式。第二充电模式可以为恒流模式，在第二充电模式下，第二适配器的输出电流为交流电，交流电同样能够降低锂电芯的析锂现象，提高电芯的使用寿命。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器10支持第二充电模式，第二充电模式可以为恒流模式，在第二充电模式下，第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在待充电设备(如终端)的电池的两端，为电池进行直充。
具体地，直充可以指将第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在(或者直接引导至)待充电设备(如终端)电池的两端，为待充电设备(如终端)的电池充电，中间无需经过变换电路对第二适配器的输出电流或输出电压进行变换，避免变换过程带来的能量损失。在使用第二充电模式进行充电的过程中，为了能够调整充电电路上的充电电压或充电电流，可以将第二适配器设计成智能的适配器，由第二适配器完成充电电压或充电电流的变换，这样可以减轻待充电设备(如终端)的负担，并降低待充电设备的发热量。本文中的恒流模式是指对第二适配器的输出电流进行控制的充电模式，并非要求第二适配器的输出电流保持恒定不变。实际中，第二适配器在恒流模式下通常采用分段恒流的方式进行充电。
分段恒流充电(Multi-stage constant current charging)具有N个充电阶段(N为一个不小于2的整数)。分段恒流充电可以以预定的充电电流开始第一阶段充电。所述分段恒流充电的N个充电阶段从第一阶段到第(N-1)个阶段依次被执行，当充电阶段中的前一个充电阶段转到下一个充电阶段后，充电电流值变小；当电池电压到达充电终止电压阈值时，充电阶段中的前一个充电阶段会转到下一个充电阶段。
进一步地，在第二适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电的情况下，恒流模式可以指对脉动直流电的峰值或均值进行控制的充电模式，即控制第二适配器的输出电流的峰值不超过恒流模式对应的电流，如图22所示。此外，第二适配器的输出电流为交流电的情况下，恒流模式可以指对交流电的峰值进行控制的充电模式。
下面结合具体例子，更加详细地描述本发明实施例。应注意，图23的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本发明实施例，而非要将本发明实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的图23的例子，显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化，这样的修改或变化也落入本发明实施例的范围内。
第二适配器包括功率转换单元(对应于上文中的功率转换单元11)。如图23所示，该功率转换单元可包括交流电AC的输入端，初级整流单元231，变压器T1，次级整流单元232和次级滤波单元233。
具体地，交流电AC的输入端引入市电(一般是220V的交流电)，然后将市电传输至初级整流单元231。
初级整流单元231用于将市电转换成第一脉动直流电，然后将第一脉动直流电传输至变压器T1。初级整流单元231可以是桥式整流单元，例如可以是如图23所示的全桥整流单元，或者，也可以是半桥整流单元，本发明实施例对此不作具体限定。
现有的适配器的初级侧包括初级滤波单元，初级滤波单元一般基于液态铝质电解电容进行滤波，而液态铝质电解电容的体积较大，会导致适配器的体积较大，本发明实施例提供的第二适配器的初级侧不包括初级滤波单元，这样可以大幅减小第二适配器的体积。
变压器T1用于将第一脉动直流电从变压器的初级耦合至次级，得到第二脉动直流电，并由变压器T1的次级绕组输出该第二脉动直流电。变压器T1可以是普通变压器，也可以是工作频率为50KHz-2MHz的高频变压器。变压器T1的初级绕组的个数及连接形式与第二适配器中采用的开关电源的类型有关，本发明实施例对此不作具体限定。如图23所示，第二适配器可以采用反激式开关电源。变压器的初级绕组的一端与初级整流单元231相连，初级绕组的另一端与PWM控制器所控制的开关相连。当然，第二适配器还可以是采用正激式开关电源，或推挽式开关电源的第二适配器。不同类型的开关电源中的初级整流单元和变压器具有各自的连接形式，为了简洁，这里不再一一列举。
次级整流单元232用于对变压器T1的次级绕组输出的第二脉动直流电进行整流，得到第三脉动直流电。次级整流单元232的形式有多种，图23所示了一种典型的次级同步整流电路，该同步整流电路包括同步整流(Synchronous Rectifier，SR)芯片，受该SR芯片控制的MOS(Metal Oxide Semiconductor，MOS)管，以及连接在MOS管源极和漏极两端的二极管。所述SR芯片向MOS管的栅极发出PWM控制信号，控制该MOS管的通断，从而实现次级的同步整流。
次级滤波单元233用于对次级整流单元232输出的第二脉动直流电进行整流，得到第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流(即图23中的VBUS和GND两端的电压和电流)。图23的实施例中，次级滤波单元233中的电容可以采用固态电容，或固态电容与普通电容(如陶瓷电容)并联的方式进行滤波。
进一步地，次级滤波单元233还可以包含开关单元，如图23中的开关管Q1。该开关管Q1接收MCU发送的控制信号。当MCU控制开关管Q1 闭合时，次级滤波单元233工作，使得第二适配器工作在第一充电模式。在第一充电模式下，第二适配器的输出电压可以为5V，输出电流为平稳的直流电。当MCU控制开关管Q1断开时，次级滤波单元233停止工作，第二适配器工作在第二充电模式。在第二充电模式下，第二适配器直接将次级整流单元232整流得到的脉动直流电输出。
进一步地，第二适配器可包括电压反馈单元(对应于上文中的电压反馈单元12)。如图23所示，电压反馈单元可包括电阻R1、电阻R2和第一运放OPA1。
具体地，电阻R1和电阻R2对第二适配器的输出电压(即VBUS上的电压)进行采样，并将采样得到的第一电压发送至OPA1的反相输入端，以指示第二适配器的输出电压的大小。第一运放OPA1的同相输入端通过DAC1与MCU的DAC1端口相连。MCU通过控制DAC1的输出的模拟量的大小，调节第一运放OPA1的参考电压(对应于上文中的第一参考电压)的电压值，进而调节电压反馈单元对应的目标电压的电压值。
进一步地，第二适配器可包括电流反馈单元(对应于上文中的电流反馈单元13)。如图23所示，电流反馈单元可包括电阻R3、检流计、电阻R4、电阻R5和第二运放OPA2。
具体地，电阻R3为检流电阻。检流计通过检测流过电阻R3的电流得到第二适配器的输出电流，然后将第二适配器的输出电流转换成对应的电压值输出至电阻R4和电阻R5两端进行分压，得到第二电压。第二电压可用于指示第二适配器的输出电流的大小。第二运放OPA2的反相输入端用于接收第二电压。第二运放OPA2的同相输入端通过DAC2与MCU的DAC2端口相连。MCU通过控制DAC2的输出的模拟量的大小，调节第二运放OPA2的参考电压(对应于上文中的第二参考电压)的电压值，进而调节电流反馈单元对应的目标电流的电流值。
第二适配器还包括功率调整单元(对应于上文中的功率调整单元14)。如图23所示，功率调整单元可包括第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、光电耦合单元234、PWM控制器和开关管Q2。
具体地，第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2是两个反向并联的二极管，第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2的正极连接于图23所示的反馈点。光电耦合单元234的输入端用于接收反馈点的电压信号。在反馈点的电压低于光电 耦合单元234的工作电压VDD时，光电耦合单元234开始工作，向PWM控制器的FB端提供反馈电压。PWM控制器通过比较CS端和FB端的电压，控制PWM端输出的PWM信号的占空比。当第一运放OPA1输出的电压信号(即上文中的电压反馈信号)为0，或第二运放OPA2输出的电压信号(即上文中的电流反馈信号)为0时，FB端的电压稳定，PWM控制器的PWM端输出的PWM控制信号的占空比保持一定。PWM控制器的PWM端通过开关管Q2与变压器T1的初级绕组相连，用于控制第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流。当PWM端发出的控制信号的占空比一定时，第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流也就保持稳定。
进一步地，图23的第二适配器还包括第一调整单元和第二调整单元。如图23所示，第一调整单元包括MCU(对应于上文中的控制单元)和DAC1，用于调整第一运放OPA1的参考电压的电压值，进而调整电压反馈单元对应的目标电压的电压值。第二调整单元包括MCU(对应于上文中的控制单元)和DAC2，用于调整第二运放OPA2的参考电压，进而调整电流反馈单元对应的目标电流的电流值。
MCU能够根据第二适配器当前使用的充电模式对目标电压的电压值和目标电流的电流值进行调整。例如，当第二适配器使用恒压模式进行充电时，可以将目标电压调整为恒压模式对应的电压，将目标电流调整为恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流。又如，当第二适配器使用恒流模式充电时，可以将目标电流调整为恒流模式对应的电流，将目标电压调整为恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压。
举例说明，在恒压模式下，可以将目标电压调整为固定电压值(如5V)。考虑到初级侧并未设置初级滤波单元(初级滤波单元采用体积较大的液态铝质电解电容，为了减小第二适配器的体积，本发明实施例将初级滤波单元去掉)，次级滤波单元233的带负载能力有限，可以将目标电流设置为500mA或1A。第二适配器首先基于电压反馈环将输出电压调整至5V。一旦第二适配器的输出电流达到目标电流，通过电流反馈环控制第二适配器的输出电流不得超过目标电流。在恒流模式下，可以将目标电流设置为4A，将目标电压设置为5V。由于第二适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电，通过电流反馈环可以将高于4A的电流进行削峰处理，使脉动直流电的电流峰值保持在4A。一旦第二适配器的输出电压超过目标电压，通过电压反馈环控制第二适配器 的输出电压不得超过目标电压。
此外，MCU还可以包括通信接口。MCU通过该通信接口可以与待充电设备(如终端)进行双向通信，控制第二适配器的充电过程。以充电接口为USB接口为例，该通信接口也可以是该USB接口。具体地，第二适配器可以使用USB接口中的电源线为待充电设备(如终端)进行充电，并使用USB接口中的数据线(D+和/或D-)与待充电设备(如终端)进行通信。
此外，光电耦合单元234还可与稳压单元相连，使得光耦的工作电压保持稳定。如图23所示，本发明实施例中的稳压单元可以采用低压差稳压器(Low Dropout Regulator，LDO)实现。
图23是以控制单元(MCU)通过DAC1调整第一运放OPA1的参考电压为例进行举例说明的，这种参考电压的调整方式对应于图4所示的参考电压调整方式，但本发明实施例不限于此，还可以采用如图5至-图8描述的任意一种参考电压调整方式，为了简洁，此处不再详述。
图23是以控制单元(MCU)通过DAC2调整第二运放OPA2的参考电压为例进行举例说明的，这种参考电压的调整方式对应于图12所示的参考电压调整方式，但本发明实施例不限于此，还可以采用如图13至-图16描述的任意一种参考电压调整方式，为了简洁，此处不再详述。
上文结合图1-图23，详细描述了本发明的装置实施例，下文结合图24，详细描述本发明实施例的方法实施例，应理解，方法侧的描述与装置侧的描述相互对应，为了简洁，适当省略重复的描述。
图24是根据本发明实施例的充电控制方法的示意性流程图。图24的充电方法可以由上文中的第二适配器10执行，该方法可包括如下动作。
2410、对输入的交流电转进行转换，以得到第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流。
2420、对第二适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，电压反馈信号用于指示第二适配器的输出电压是否达到设定的目标电压。
2430、对第二适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，电流反馈信号用于指示第二适配器的输出电流是否达到设定的目标电流。
2440、在电压反馈信号指示第二适配器的输出电压达到目标电压，或电流反馈信号指示第二适配器的输出电流达到目标电流的情况下，稳定第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器支持第一充电模式，第一充电模式为恒压模式。在恒压模式下，目标电压为恒压模式对应的电压，目标电流为第二适配器在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流。图24的方法还可包括：根据电压反馈信号，将第二适配器的输出电压调整至恒压模式对应的电压。2440中可包括：当电流反馈信号指示第二适配器的输出电流达到第二适配器在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流时，控制第二适配器的输出电流不超过第二适配器在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器包括初级整流单元、变压器、次级整流单元和次级滤波单元，所述初级整流单元将脉动形式的电压直接输出至所述变压器。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器在恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流是基于次级滤波单元中的电容的容量确定的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器支持第二充电模式。第二充电模式为恒流模式。在恒流模式下，目标电压为第二适配器在恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压，目标电流为恒流模式对应的电流。图24的方法还包括：根据电流反馈信号，将第二适配器的输出电流调整至恒流模式对应的电流。2440中可包括：当电压反馈信号指示第二适配器的输出电压达到第二适配器在恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压时，控制第二适配器的输出电压不超过第二适配器在恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图24的方法还可包括：调整目标电压的取值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述调整目标电压的取值可包括：基于第二适配器当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式，调整目标电压的取值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，对第二适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号可包括：对第二适配器的输出电压进行采样，得到第一电压；比较第一电压和第一参考电压；基于第一电压和第一参考电压的比较结果，生成电压反馈信号；调整目标电压的取值，包括：通过调整第一参考电压的取值，调整目标电压的取值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一参考电压的取值是基于第一DAC调整的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一参考电压的取值是基于RC滤波单元调整的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第一参考电压的取值是基于数字电位器调整的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，对第二适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号可包括：按照设定的分压比对第二适配器的输出电压进行分压，生成第一电压；比较第一电压和第一参考电压；基于第一电压和第一参考电压的比较结果，生成电压反馈信号；所述调整目标电压的取值可包括：通过调整分压比，调整目标电压的电压值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述分压比是数字电位器的分压比。
可选地，在一些实施例中，图24的方法还可包括：调整目标电流的电流值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第二适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式。所述调整目标电流的电流值可包括：基于第二适配器当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式，调整目标电流的电流值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，对第二适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号可包括：对第二适配器的输出电流进行采样，得到第二电压，第二电压用于指示第二适配器的输出电流的大小；比较第二电压和第二参考电压；基于第二电压和第二参考电压的比较结果，生成电流反馈信号；所述调整目标电流的电流值可包括：通过调整第二参考电压的电压值，调整目标电流的电流值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二参考电压的取值是基于第二DAC调整的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二参考电压的取值是基于RC滤波单元调整的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二参考电压的取值是基于数字电位器调整的。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述对第二适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号可包括：对第二适配器的输出电流进行采样，得到第三电压，第三电压用于指示第二适配器的输出电流的大小；按照设定的分压比对第三电压进行分压，生成第二电压；比较第二电压和第二参考电压；基于第 二电压和第二参考电压的比较结果，生成电流反馈信号；所述调整目标电流的电流值可包括：通过调整分压比，调整目标电流的电流值。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述分压比是数字电位器的分压比。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式。所述第二适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述第二适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度。图24的方法还可包括：在所述第二适配器与待充电设备连接的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述第二适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述第二适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式可包括：向所述待充电设备发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，使用所述第二充电模式为所述待充电设备充电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压；对所述目标电压的电压值进行调整，使所述目标电压的电压值等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压可包括：向所述待充电设备发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述第二适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压是否匹配；接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第 二指令的回复指令用于指示所述第二适配器的输出电压与所述电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流；对所述目标电流的电流值进行调整，使所述目标电流的电流值等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流可包括：向所述待充电设备发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；根据所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述第二适配器的输出的过程可包括：在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述第二适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述第二适配器的输出电流可包括：向所述待充电设备发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压；接收所述第二适配器发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述电池的当前电压；根据所述电池的当前电压，调整所述第二适配器的输出电流。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括充电接口。所述第二适配器通过所述充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器支持第二充电模式。所述第二充电模式为恒流模式，且在所述第二充电模式下，所述第二适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器支持第一充电模式。所述第一充电模式为恒压模式。所述第二适配器包括次级滤波单元，图24的方法还可包括：在所述第一充电模式下，控制所述次级滤波单元工作，使得所述第二适配器的输出电压的电压值恒定；在所述第二充电模式下，控制所述次级滤波单元停止工作，使得所述第二适配器的输出电流为脉动直流电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器支持第二充电模式。所述第二充电模式为恒流模式，且在所述第二充电模式下，所述第二适配器的输出电流为交流电。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器支持第二充电模式。在所述第二充电模式下，所述第二适配器的输出电压和输出电流直接加载在所述待充电设备的电池的两端，为所述电池进行直充。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器是用于为移动待充电设备充电的第二适配器。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元，所述控制单元为MCU。
可选地，在一些实施例中，所述第二适配器包括充电接口，所述充电接口为USB接口。
应理解，本文中的“第一适配器”和“第二适配器”仅是为了描述的方便，并非要对本发明实施例的适配器的具体类型进行限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个 系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，第二适配器或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (53)

  1. 一种适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括：
    功率转换单元，用于对输入的交流电转进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；
    电压反馈单元，所述电压反馈单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述电压反馈单元用于对所述适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，所述电压反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电压是否达到设定的目标电压；
    电流反馈单元，所述电流反馈单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述电流反馈单元用于对所述适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，所述电流反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电流是否达到设定的目标电流；
    功率调整单元，所述功率调整单元的输入端与所述电压反馈单元的输出端和所述电流反馈单元的输出端相连，所述功率调整单元的输出端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述功率调整单元用于接收所述电压反馈信号和所述电流反馈信号，并在所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述目标电压，或所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述目标电流的情况下，稳定所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；
    充电接口，所述适配器通过所述充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器还包括第一调整单元，所述第一调整单元与所述电压反馈单元相连，用于调整所述目标电压的取值。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述电压反馈单元包括：
    分压单元，所述分压单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，用于按照设定的分压比对所述适配器的输出电压进行分压，生成第一电压；
    电压比较单元，所述电压比较单元的输入端与所述分压单元的输出端相连，用于比较所述第一电压和第一参考电压，并基于所述第一电压和所述第一参考电压的比较结果，生成所述电压反馈信号；
    所述第一调整单元与所述分压单元相连，通过调整所述分压单元的分压比，调整所述目标电压的电压值。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述分压单元包括数字电位器，所述第一调整单元包括控制单元，所述数字电位器的高电位端与所述功率转换单元相连，所述数字电位器的低电位端与地相连，所述数字电位器的输出端与所述电压比较单元的输入端相连，所述控制单元与所述数字电位器的控制端相连，用于调整所述数字电位器的分压比。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述电压比较单元包括第一运放，所述电压比较单元的第一运放的反相输入端用于接收所述第一电压，所述电压比较单元的第一运放的同相输入端用于接收所述第一参考电压，所述电压比较单元的第一运放的输出端用于生成所述电压反馈信号。
  6. 如权利要求2-5中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述第一调整单元基于所述适配器当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式，调整所述目标电压的取值。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器还包括第二调整单元，所述第二调整单元与所述电流反馈单元相连，用于调整所述目标电流的电流值。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述电流反馈单元包括：
    电流采样单元，所述电流采样单元的输入端与所述功率转换单元相连，用于对所述适配器的输出电流进行采样，得到第三电压，所述第三电压用于指示所述适配器的输出电流的大小；
    分压单元，所述分压单元的输入端与所述电流采样单元的输出端相连，用于按照设定的分压比对所述第三电压进行分压，生成第二电压；
    电流比较单元，所述电流比较单元的输入端与所述分压单元的输出端相连，用于比较所述第二电压和第二参考电压，并基于所述第二电压和所述第二参考电压的比较结果，生成所述电流反馈信号；
    所述第二调整单元与所述分压单元相连，通过调整所述分压单元的分压比，调整所述目标电流的电流值。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述分压单元包括数字电位器，所述第二调整单元包括控制单元，所述数字电位器的高电位端与所述电流采样单元的输出端相连，所述数字电位器的低电位端与地相连，所述数字电位器的输出端与所述电流比较单元的输入端相连，所述控制单元与所述数字电位器的控制端相连，用于调整所述数字电位器的分压比。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述电流比较单元包括第二运放，所述电流比较单元的第二运放的反相输入端用于接收所述第二电压，所述电流比较单元的第二运放的同相输入端用于接收所述第二参考电压，所述电流比较单元的第二运放的输出端用于生成所述电流反馈信号。
  11. 如权利要求8-10中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述第二调整单元基于所述适配器当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式，调整所述目标电流的电流值。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式，所述第一充电模式为恒压模式，在所述恒压模式下，所述目标电压为所述恒压模式对应的电压，所述目标电流为所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流；
    所述功率调整单元具体用于根据所述电压反馈信号，将所述适配器的输出电压调整至所述恒压模式对应的电压，并当所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流时，控制所述适配器的输出电流不超过所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述功率转换单元包括初级整流单元、变压器、次级整流单元和次级滤波单元，所述初级整流单元将脉动形式的电压直接输出至所述变压器。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流是基于所述次级滤波单元中的电容的容量确定的。
  15. 如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第二充电模式，所述第二充电模式为恒流模式，在所述恒流模式下，所述目标电压为所述适配器在所述恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压，所述目标电流为所述恒流模式对应的电流；
    所述功率调整单元具体用于根据所述电流反馈信号，将所述适配器的输出电流调整至所述恒流模式对应的电流，并当所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述适配器在所述恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压时，控制所述适配器的输出电压不超过所述适配器在所述恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压。
  16. 如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述电压反馈单元包括第一运放，所述电压反馈单元的第一运放的输出端用于输出所述电压反馈信号，所述电流反馈单元包括第二运放，所述电流反馈单元的第二运放的输出端用于输出所述电流反馈信号；
    所述功率调整单元包括第一二极管、第二二极管、光电耦合单元和脉冲宽度调制PWM控制单元，所述电压反馈单元的第一运放的输出端与所述第一二极管的负极相连，所述第一二极管的正极与所述光电耦合单元的输入端相连，所述电流反馈单元的第二运放的输出端与所述第二二极管的负极相连，所述第二二极管的正极与所述光电耦合单元的输入端相连，所述光电耦合单元的输出端与所述PWM控制单元的输入端相连，所述PWM控制单元的输出端与所述功率转换单元相连。
  17. 如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，所述适配器包括控制单元，在所述适配器与待充电设备连接的过程中，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；
    所述控制单元接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；
    在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，所述控制单元 使用所述第二充电模式为所述待充电设备充电。
  20. 如权利要求17-19中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压；
    所述控制单元对所述目标电压的电压值进行调整，使所述目标电压的电压值等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压是否匹配；
    所述控制单元接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
  22. 如权利要求17-21中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流；
    所述控制单元对所述目标电流的电流值进行调整，使所述目标电流的电流值等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所 述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元根据所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  24. 如权利要求17-23中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：
    所述控制单元向所述待充电设备发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述适配器发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  26. 如权利要求1-25中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器是用于为移动待充电设备充电的适配器。
  27. 如权利要求1-26中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元，所述控制单元为微控制单元MCU。
  28. 如权利要求1-27中任一项所述的适配器，其特征在于，所述适配器包括充电接口，所述充电接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
  29. 一种充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于适配器，所述方法包括：
    对输入的交流电转进行转换，以得到所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；
    对所述适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，所述电压反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电压是否达到设定的目标电压；
    对所述适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，所述电流反馈信号用于指示所述适配器的输出电流是否达到设定的目标电流；
    在所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述目标电压，或所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述目标电流的情况下，稳定所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流；
    通过充电接口中的数据线与所述待充电设备进行双向通信。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    调整所述目标电压的取值。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述对所述适配器的输出电压进行检测，以生成电压反馈信号，包括：
    按照设定的分压比对所述适配器的输出电压进行分压，生成第一电压；
    比较所述第一电压和第一参考电压；
    基于所述第一电压和所述第一参考电压的比较结果，生成所述电压反馈信号；
    所述调整所述目标电压的取值，包括：
    通过调整所述分压比，调整所述目标电压的电压值。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述分压比是数字电位器的分压比。
  33. 如权利要求30-32中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，
    所述调整所述目标电压的取值，包括：
    基于所述适配器当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式，调整所述目标电压的取值。
  34. 如权利要求29-33中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    调整所述目标电流的电流值。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述对所述适配器的输出电流进行检测，以生成电流反馈信号，包括：
    对所述适配器的输出电流进行采样，得到第三电压，所述第三电压用于指示所述适配器的输出电流的大小；
    按照设定的分压比对所述第三电压进行分压，生成第二电压；
    比较所述第二电压和第二参考电压；
    基于所述第二电压和所述第二参考电压的比较结果，生成所述电流反馈信号；
    所述调整所述目标电流的电流值，包括：
    通过调整所述分压比，调整所述目标电流的电流值。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述分压比是数字电位器的分压比。
  37. 如权利要求34-36中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，
    所述调整所述目标电流的电流值，包括：
    基于所述适配器当前使用的第一充电模式或第二充电模式，调整所述目标电流的电流值。
  38. 如权利要求29-37中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式，所述第一充电模式为恒压模式，在所述恒压模式下，所述目标电压为所述恒压模式对应的电压，所述目标电流为所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流，
    所述方法还包括：
    根据所述电压反馈信号，将所述适配器的输出电压调整至所述恒压模式对应的电压；
    所述在所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述目标电压，或所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述目标电流的情况下，稳定所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流，包括：
    当所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流时，控制所述适配器的输出电流不超过所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括初级整流单元、变压器、次级整流单元和次级滤波单元，所述初级整流单元将脉动形式的电压直接输出至所述变压器。
  40. 如权利要求39所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器在所述恒压模式下允许输出的最大电流是基于所述次级滤波单元中的电容的容量确定的。
  41. 如权利要求29-40中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所 述适配器支持第二充电模式，所述第二充电模式为恒流模式，在所述恒流模式下，所述目标电压为所述适配器在所述恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压，所述目标电流为所述恒流模式对应的电流；
    所述方法还包括：
    根据所述电流反馈信号，将所述适配器的输出电流调整至所述恒流模式对应的电流；
    所述在所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述目标电压，或所述电流反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电流达到所述目标电流的情况下，稳定所述适配器的输出电压和输出电流，包括：
    当所述电压反馈信号指示所述适配器的输出电压达到所述适配器在所述恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压时，控制所述适配器的输出电压不超过所述适配器在所述恒流模式下允许输出的最大电压。
  42. 如权利要求29-41中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器支持第一充电模式和第二充电模式，所述适配器在所述第二充电模式下对待充电设备的充电速度快于所述适配器在所述第一充电模式下对所述待充电设备的充电速度，
    所述方法还包括：
    在所述适配器与待充电设备连接的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出。
  43. 如权利要求42所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式。
  44. 如权利要求43所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以协商所述适配器与所述待充电设备之间的充电模式，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述待充电设备是否开启所述第二充电模式；
    接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备是否同意开启所述第二充电模式；
    在所述待充电设备同意开启所述第二充电模式的情况下，使用所述第二充电模式为所述待充电设备充电。
  45. 如权利要求42-44中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压；
    对所述目标电压的电压值进行调整，使所述目标电压的电压值等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压。
  46. 如权利要求45所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电压，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述适配器的输出电压与所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压是否匹配；
    接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述适配器的输出电压与所述电池的当前电压匹配、偏高或偏低。
  47. 如权利要求42-46中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流；
    对所述目标电流的电流值进行调整，使所述目标电流的电流值等于在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    接收所述待充电设备发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流；
    根据所述待充电设备当前支持的最大充电电流确定在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器输出的用于对所述待充电设备进行充电的充电电流。
  49. 如权利要求42-48中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以控制在所述第二充电模式下的所述适配器的输出的过程，包括：
    在使用所述第二充电模式充电的过程中，与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  50. 如权利要求49所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述与所述待充电设备进行双向通信，以调整所述适配器的输出电流，包括：
    向所述待充电设备发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述待充电设备的电池的当前电压；
    接收所述适配器发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述电池的当前电压；
    根据所述电池的当前电压，调整所述适配器的输出电流。
  51. 如权利要求29-50中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器是用于为移动待充电设备充电的适配器。
  52. 如权利要求29-51中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括用于对充电过程进行控制的控制单元，所述控制单元为微控制单元MCU。
  53. 如权利要求29-52中任一项所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述适配器包括充电接口，所述充电接口为通用串行总线USB接口。
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