TW412854B - Method of forming a random access memory, information processing and bonding together multiple substrates, stacked integrated circuit memory, and integrated circuit memory structure - Google Patents

Method of forming a random access memory, information processing and bonding together multiple substrates, stacked integrated circuit memory, and integrated circuit memory structure Download PDF

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Publication number
TW412854B
TW412854B TW087105110A TW87105110A TW412854B TW 412854 B TW412854 B TW 412854B TW 087105110 A TW087105110 A TW 087105110A TW 87105110 A TW87105110 A TW 87105110A TW 412854 B TW412854 B TW 412854B
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memory
substrate
circuit
item
patent application
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TW087105110A
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English (en)
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Glenn J Leedy
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Glenn J Leedy
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/31Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
    • H01L21/3205Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
    • H01L21/321After treatment
    • H01L21/3213Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10BELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
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    • H10B12/50Peripheral circuit region structures
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    • G11C29/84Masking faults in memories by using spares or by reconfiguring using programmable devices with improved access time or stability
    • G11C29/846Masking faults in memories by using spares or by reconfiguring using programmable devices with improved access time or stability by choosing redundant lines at an output stage
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經濟部中央橾準局負工消費合作社印11 第87105110號專利申請案 中文說明書修正頁(89年3姐2 854 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 發明背景 發明領域 本發明有關堆疊的積體電路記憶體。 先前技術之狀態 用於增加電子電路的效能和減少成本之製造方法,幾乎 沒有例外的,是增加電路的整體性並且減少相同數目的例 如電晶體或電容的電路裝置的實際大小。這些方法到 1996年已產生了每秒能處理超過100百萬的運算而只花費 少於美金$ 1,〇〇〇的微處理器,以及以少於50奈秒(n s )的 時間存取資料並且成本低於$ 50的64百萬位元動態隨機 存取記憶體電路。此種電路的實際大小小於2cm2。此製 造方法大大地支援了在主要工業化國家内生活的經濟標準, 並且最確定持續會對全世界人類每天的生活有重大的影響 力。 電路製造方法有二種主要形式:處理整體性和組合整體 {生。過去在這兩個製造原則間的界限明確,但最近隨著多 晶片模组(MCMs)和覆晶接合晶粒附著使用的興起,此明確 的分野可能很快會消失。(在此主要使用積體電路(1C)的術 語是參考一單一的晶粒形式的電路基體,與,例如,一封 包形式的積體電路做比較時,該形式像是從例如一半導體 晶圓的積體電路中鋸出的。)大多數的積體電路,當以原 始晶粒形式時,目前是各別地被封包,然而,多晶片模組 (MCMs)的使用已逐漸增加。在一多晶片模組(MCMs)内的晶 粒通常以一平坦方式與以傳統積體電路晶粒輸入/輸出 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼(CNS ) Α4規格(210ΧΜ7公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標年局負工消贽合作社印製 412854 A7 __ _B7 五、發明説明(2 ) ~~— 相互連接結合方法,例如線圈結合,DCA(直接晶片附著) 或FCA,(覆晶接合附著)來附著在一電路基體上。 積體電路記憶體,例如動態隨機存取記憶體,靜態隨機 存取記憶體,快閃式可消除可程式唯讀記憶體,電子式可 消除可程式唯讀記憶體,鐵電體,GMR(巨大磁阻)等, 共同的構造上的或結構上的特徵爲與該控制電路爲整體 的,該控制電路與該記憶體陣列電路整合在同—晶粒上。 此建立的(標準的或傳統的)構造或電路佈局結構在較大記 憶體電路的控制電路和記憶體-陣列電路間產生一設計上的 取捨限制。記憶體細胞電路-製造幾何學上的縮小已導致愈 來愈密集的―記憶體積體電路,然而,這些較高的記憶體密 度已產生較複雜的控制電路而增加該積體電路增加的面 積。增加的積體電路面積裝置,每個積體電路至少(每個 晶圓有較少的積體電路)較高的製造成本和較低的積體電 路良率(每個晶圓有較少的運作積體電路),並且在最差的 情況下,由於其不具競爭性的成本或不可信賴的運算使該 積體電路設計無法製造。 隨記憶體密度增加和個別記憶體細胞大小減少而需要較 ^私制危路。一 s己憶體積體電路的控制電路與積體電路面 積的百比率’在某些情況下例如動態隨機存取記憶體,爲 接近或超過40%。該控制電路的一部份爲該感應放大 器,在一讀取運算期間内,該放大器感應該記憶體陣列電 路内記憶體細胞的狀態,電位差或電荷。該感應放大器電 路是控制電路一個重要的部份,並且要改良感應放大器敏 -5- 本纸張尺度適用中01¾¾率(CNS ) Λ视格(训幻97公楚Γ : (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 丁 -5 ^-- 第871〇5丨1|«含®步嬖案 中文說明f谬正頁$9年3. 月) A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明(3 感度以便感應即使是較小的記憶體細胞而避免該感應放大 器所使用的面積過大,這對積體電路記憶體設計者是一經 常的挑戰- 若此設計限制或在控制和記憶體電路間的取捨不存在, 應能製造出能執行各種額外功能,例如感應每個記憶體細 胞的複數個儲存狀態,經由較大較敏感的感應放大器來執 行較快的記憶體存取,快取,更新,位址轉換,等的控制 電路。但此取捨為記憶體積體電路物理上的和經濟上的實 體’就如同目前由所有製造者所生產的積體電路。 動態隨機存取記憶體電路的能力以4為因數從一代增加 到下一代;例如’ 1百萬位元,4百萬位元,16百萬位元 和64百萬位元動態隨機存取記憶體。這種每一代在電路 記憶體能力上四倍的增加已產生愈來愈大的動態隨機存取 記憶體電路面積。當進入一新一代動態隨機存取記憶體 時’由於電路良率太低,因此大量製造並不具成本效益。 在新一代動態隨機存取記憶體的離型樣品出現和此電路量 產日期之間通常還要好幾年。 以堆疊或三維(3D)方式的組合晶粒在本發明之發明人的 美國專利第5,354,695號已揭露,在此併入做為參考。此 外,記憶體已嚐試過3D方式的組合晶粒。德州達拉斯的 德州儀器,加州寇士達美沙(Costa Mesa)的而彎感應器(Irvine Sensors)和加州史高(Scotts)谷的立方(Cubic)記憶體公司,皆 已嚐試生產堆疊的或三維(3D)動態隨機存取記憶體產品。 在所有這三種情況下,傳統晶粒形式的動態隨機存取記憶 -6- 本紙乐尺度適用中國®家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) H I I 11 1 I— 11 n ^ 線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 412854五、發明説明(4) A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印聚 體電路被堆疊並且在該堆疊中每一個動態隨機存取記憶體 之間的相互連接是沿著電路堆疊的外表來形成。這些產品 在過去數年已可買到並且在商業應用中證實爲太過昂貴, 但已有某些由於其較小的實體大小或足跡而使用於太空和 軍事應用中。 該動態隨機存取記憶體電路類型被视爲並且通常用於做 爲在此應用中之一範例,然而,此發明很明顯地未被限於 動態隨機存取記憶體類型的電路。無疑地,記憶體細胞類 型例如EEPROMs、(電子式可消可程式唯讀記憶體),更新 EPROM (可消除可程式唯讀記憶體),鐵電體,GMR (巨大 磁阻)或此彳己憶體細胞的組合(之間或之内)也可使用目前 的三維結構(3DS)方法以形成三維結構(3DS)記憶體裝置。 本發明’在其它目標之中,更包括以下目標: 1 ·每百萬位元記憶體的製造成本較傳統僅以整體的電路 整合方法所製造的電路低好幾倍。 2 ·效能較傳統製造的記憶體電路高好幾倍的。 3 ·每個積體電路的記憶體密度較傳統製造的記憶體電路 面好幾倍。 4 .對電路面積大小’並且因而對成本有較佳的設計者控 制。 5 透過一内部控制器對記憶體細胞的電路動態和狀態自 我測試。 6 .動態錯誤復原和重新建構。 7 ·每個記憶體細胞的多階儲存。 -1 - 本紙ίϋΐΑ中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210χ_297公楚) ' {請先閱讀背面之注意事項界填驾本莨) 訂
Sr 經濟部中央標毕局吳工消費合作社印" __412854 b7 —____ 五、發明説明(5 ) " 8 .虛擬位址轉換,位址視窗,例如間接定址或内容定 址的各‘種位址功能,類比電路功能和各種圖形加速及微處 理器功能。 發明之簡要敘述 本二維結構(3DS)記憶體技術爲—堆疊的或三維(3D)電路 組合技術,特色包括: 1 .將記憶體電路和該控制邏輯電路實體分離到不同的層; 2 .數個記憶體電路使用一個控制邏輯電路; 3.將該記憶體電路變薄至厚-度小於约5〇微米,形成一 個具有經平坦處理的結合表·面的十分有彈性的基體,並且 當仍爲晶圓基體形式時,將該電路結合至該電路堆疊;並 且 4 ,使用細粒度的高密度層内垂直匯流排連接。該三維 結構(3DS) 憶體製造方法致能數個效能和實體大小效 率,並且以既定的半導體處理技巧來實現。以動態隨機存 取記憶體電路爲例’一以0.25微米處理所製造的64百萬 位元動態隨機存取記憶體晶粒大小爲84平方楚米,記憶 體面積對晶粒大小比爲40 °/。並且8百萬位元儲存的存取時 間約馬50奈秒’ 一以相同〇·25微米處理所製造的動培 隨機存取記憶體積體電路其晶粒大小爲18.6平方楚米,使 用1.7個動態隨機存取記憶體陣列電路層,記憶體面積對 晶粒大小比爲94.4 %並且64百萬位元儲存的預計存取時間 小於10奈秒。該二維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體積體 電路製造方法代表一可衡量的,在每百萬位元成本上比傳 -8- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) 規格(2!〇x 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -11 第87丨#1¾¾¾¾申請案 中文說明書修正頁(的年3月) Β7 五、發明説明(6 ) 經濟部中央橾準扃貞工消費合作社印裝 統動態隨機存取記憶體積體電路製造方法的成 风不'减少好幾 倍。換句話說,遠二維結構(3DS)記憶體製造方法代表 在基礎結構的水準上’與所使用的處理製造技術無關的一 個基本的成本節省。 附圖之簡要敘述 從以下與附圖有關的敘述中將更易了解本發明。在圖中: 圖la為一以方法A或方法B所製造的三維結構(3DS)動 態隨機存取記憶體積體電路的圖示,並且展示與傳統積體 電路晶粒相同的輸入/輸出結合接腳的實體外觀; 圖lb為一二維結構(3DS) έ己憶體積體電路的橫斷面圖, 顯示在數個變薄的電路層間的該金屬結合相互連接; 圖lc為一三維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體積體電路堆 疊被結合且被面朝下的相互連接到一較大的傳統積體電路 或另一個三維結構(3DS)積體電路的圖示; 圖2a顯示有一組資料線組的匯流排線,例如,一個皡 的三維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體陣列電路·區塊的實 體佈局圖; 圖2b顯示一有兩組資料線组的匯流排線,例如,兩個 埠的三維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體陣列電路區塊的 該實體佈局圖; 圖2c顯示一範例的記憶體控制器電路的一部份的實體 佈局圖; 圖3為顯示一顯示64個三維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記 -9- 本纸伕尺度通用中國國家榡隼{ CNS ) Α4说格(210Χ297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝· ,ιτ -丨球 A7 B7 憶體 412854 五、發明説明( 陣列區塊分割的三維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體 陣列電路實體佈局圖; 圖4爲一在一變薄的基體内的一般的三維結構(3DS)垂直 相互連接或直接連接的橫斷面圖; 圖5爲一顯示用於向下選擇的閘線讀取或窝入選擇的三 維結構(3DS)記憶體多功器的佈局圖。 較佳具體實例之詳細敘述 參考圖la和圖lb,該3DS(三維結構)記憶體裝置1〇0爲 一在所有電路層之間有細粒度垂直相互連接的積體電路層 的堆疊。使用細粒度層内垂-直相互連接的術語以意味著電 子導體帶有^或不帶有一干擾裝置元件而通過一電路層,並 且間距一般小於100微米,並且更特別地小於10微米, 但不僅限於間距小於2微米,如在圖2a和圖2b所能看到 的。該細粒度層内垂直相互連接也運作以將各種電路層結 合在一起。如圖1 b中所示,雖然該結合和相互連接層 l〇5a,l〇5b等,最好是金屬,但也可能如在此後所描述的 使用其它材料。 該樣式107a,107b等,在該結合和相互連接層1〇5&, 105b等定義在積體電路層間的該垂直相互連接接觸,並且 用於電子地將這些接觸與彼此和剩餘的結合材料分離;此 樣式是以空隙或以電介質填充在該結合層内的空間。 該三維結構(3DS)記憶體堆疊一般組成—控制器電路ι〇ι 和某些數目的記憶體陣列電路層,一般在9和32之 間,但對層數無特別限制。該控制器電路有一名目電路^ -10- 木紙張尺度適用中國囤家標隼(CNS ) Λ4规格(2iOX297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注^項再填寫本页)
、1T 經漭部中央標準局貞工消资合作社印聚 412854 A7 --------B7_ 五、發明説明(8 ) 度(一般是0.5釐来或更大),但每一記憶體陣列電路層是 邊薄的並且十分有彈性的淨低應力小於微米的電 路,並且在厚度上一般小於1〇微米。傳統輸入/輸出結合 接腳形成於一最终記憶體陣列電路層以與傳統封包方法— 起使用。可使用其它金屬樣式例如插入式相互連接(揭露 於本發明人之美國專利第5,323,〇35和5,453,4〇4號), DCA (直接晶片附著)或FCA (覆晶接合附著)方法。 結漪部中央標準局資工消贽合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 此外,可使用該細粒度層内垂直相互連接以在一三維結 構(3DS)記憶體晶粒和一傳統晶-粒之間(其中該傳統晶粒應 爲如圖u中所示的該控制器電路)或—三維結構(3DS)記憶 體晶粒和另一個三維結構(3DS)記憶體晶粒之間直接單一 的晶粒結合;應假設要被結合在一起的該各別晶粒的面積 (大小)是可變動的並且不需一樣。特別參考圖]c ,一三 維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體積體電路堆疊1〇〇被結合 並且面朝下被相互連接到一較大的傳統積體電路或另一個 二維結構(3DS)積體電路1〇7 。或者該三維結構(3DS)堆疊 100可僅由動態隨機存取記憶體陣列電路所组成,以該動 態隨機存取記憶體控制器電路做爲較大晶粒的部份。若該 動態隨機存取記憶體控制器電路爲該較大晶粒的部份,然 後將需要細粒度垂直匯流排相互連接(在該三維結構動態 隨機.存取記憶體積體電路堆疊100的表面(1〇9)以將該三維 結構(3DS)動態隨機存取1己憶體陣列電路連接到該動態隨 機存取記憶體控制器’不然較大的顆粒傳統相互連接將會 被併入(樣式化)該平坦化的結合層。 11 - 本纸張尺度適用中國囤家標準(CNS ) Λ4規格(2丨0X297公釐) 經濟部屮夾標準局貝工消费合作社印奴 412854 五、發明説明(9 ) 如在圖3中所示,每一記憶體陣列電路層包括—記憶體 陣列電路300 ’是由記憶體陣列區塊3〇1所組成(面積一般 小於5平方釐米),並且每一區塊是由記憶體細胞(與該動 態隨機存取記憶體或電子式可消除可程式唯讀記憶體電路 的細胞陣列十分相似),將匯流排電極,和_ —隨設計者選 擇的--用於選擇該i己憶體陣列特定列或行的致能閘所構 成。該控制電路由感應放大器,位址,控制和驅動邏輯 所組成’一般會在例如在傳統動態隨機存取記憶體的.整體 設計的傳統記憶辞電路的週邊-發現。 細粒度匯流垂直地將該控制器獨立地連接到每一記憶體 陣列層使得.該控制器可提供驅動(動力)或致能信號至任一 層而不影響任何其它層的狀態。這讓該控制器獨立地測 試,讀取或寫入每一個記憶體電路層。 圖2a和圖2b顯示一記憶體陣列,例如圖3的區塊 3〇1 ,可能的區塊佈局的範例。雖然在該圖示的具體實例 中僅顯示該區塊的一部份,該區塊展示左右對稱以致於該 完整區塊的佈局可從圖示的部份確定。在各種參考數字之 後使用縮寫"T”,"L·',和"TL”以分別表示11上11,''左,,和11左 上",表示未顯示於圖中的相符的元件。 參考圖2a ,該區塊的核心部份200是由一記憶體細胞_ “海”所構成。邏輯地,該記憶體細胞的集合體可再細分爲 u巨集細胞"201 ,每一個細胞包括某些數目的記憶體細 胞,例如,一 8-X-8陣列的64記憶體細胞。在該核心的外 圍形成包括層内結合和匯流排接觸金屬化物400的細粒度 -12、 本纸依尺度適用中國园家標华(CNS ) Λ4規格(210X297公釐) (锖先閱讀背而之注意事項存填寫本寊) 訂 41885*1 A7 --—-—~~_-- 五、發%説明(1〇) 垂直相互連接,在此後參考圖4詳細敘述。該細粒度垂直 相互連接包括輪入/輸出電源和接地匯流排線203TL ,記 憶體電路層選擇205T,記憶體巨集細胞行選擇207T,資 料線209L ’和閘線多功器("mux”)選擇209TL。閘線多功器 211T ’在圖示的具體實例中,是用於在一個8條閘線寬的 記憶體巨集細胞行内選擇四行之一的4 : 1多功器。符合 的底侧4 : 1多功器與該頂側多功器2ι1τ結合以形成一相 等的8 : 1多功器’用於從一個8條閘線寬的記憶體巨集細 胞行中選擇一單—閘線。 · 經濟部中史標準局员工消贽合作社印^ (讀先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) '^ 一 4 : 1閘線匯流排多功器-5〇〇的實現顯示於圖$ 。閘線 致能209TUJ:例如,形成於金屬_丨層中)分別控制電晶體 501a到501d。各別的閘線503a到503d耦合到該電晶體。 也可看到部份被耦合到—相符的4 :丨多功器(未顯示)的閘 線505a到505d。當該閘線致能之一是啓動的,該相符的 閘線被耦合到該多功器的一輸出線5〇7 (例如,形成於金屬 -2層内)。該輸出線經由一線5〇9被連接到一個或多個垂 直匯流排連接(例如,形成於金屬· 3層内,並且符合垂直 匯流排相互連接的金屬接觸400 )和鎢插座511和513。該 鎢插座513將該線509結合至垂直相互連接(未顯示)。 再次參考圖2a ,在記憶體電路層的情況下,該層也可 能包括來自控制器層致能信號205T的輸出線致能(閘), 輸入/輸出致能(閘)213可能被提供给該致能。 注意到在該記憶體層位準,每一個記憶體區塊301與每 —個其它的記憶體區塊301是彼此電子獨立的。據此,每 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Λ4規格(21〇X 297公t > ®濟部中央榡準局負工消贽合作社印製 ·,· 412854 A7 ^—-------_ B7 五、發明説明(U) ~ 一個記憶赠區塊的灸率機率是獨立的。 可加入額外的讀取/寫入埠就如同可加入額外的閘線垂 直相互連接一樣;可以重覆的方式使用額外的垂直相互連 接以改良垂直相互連接良率。該三維結構(郷)記憶體 電路可被設計成有一個或多個資料讀取和窝入匯流排蜂相 互連接。參考圖2b,一記憶體區i鬼301'被顯示爲具有-個P0埠’(209L)和另-個p i埠,(2〇9L,)。垂直相互連接數 目的隹-限制疋此垂直相互連接施加在該電路成本上的總 費用J細粒度舞直相互連接方法可讓每個區塊數以百計 的相互連接而在晶粒面積上.僅增加幾個百分比。 如範例,—一個有兩個讀取/寫入埠的4百萬位元的動態 隨機存取名憶體圮憶體區塊並且以〇 35微米或〇15微米設 叶規則來實現的顯示於圖2b中的該垂直相互連接的總費 用疋由約5,000個連接所組成,並且該總費用小於該記憶 體陣列區塊總面積的6 %。因而,在三維結構(3DS)動態隨 機存取記憶體電路中每一個記憶體陣列電路層的垂直相互 連接總費用小於6 %。這明顯地小於目前在整體的動態隨 機存取記憶體電路設計中所所經驗的,其中非記憶體細胞 面積的百分比可超過40%。在一完整的三維結構(3DS)動 態隨機存取記憶體電路中,非記憶體細胞面積的百分比一 般小.於堆疊結構中所有電路總面積的%。 p亥二維結構(3DS) έ己憶體裝置將一般會在臨近整體纪揀體 電路的記憶體細胞中找到的控制功能解耦合,並且將它們 分離到該控制器電路。該控制功能,而非如在傳統記丨声體 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國固家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(2i〇X297公釐) {諳先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} *π
- I I -I 五 '發明説明(12) 積體電路中是發生在每一記憶體陣列層上,在控制器電路 中僅發I生一次。這產生一經濟性,透過此經濟性,數個記 憶體陣列層共用相同的控制器邏輯,並且因而,比傳統的 記憶體設計以至多爲二因數來降低每一個記憶體細胞的該 淨成本。 將該控制功能分離至一單獨的控制器電路讓更多面積用 於此功能(例如,一等於一個或數個記憶體陣列區塊面積 的面積)6以功能的此實體分離也讓用於控制邏輯和記憶 體陣列的兩種非常不同的製造-技術的製造處理分離,與傳 統Ζ隐體使用的该較複雜的组合的邏輯/記憶體製造處理 相較再次貫現額外的製造成本節省。該記憶體陣列也可以 —種不考慮控制邏輯功能的處理必要條件的處理技術而被 製造。迢導致能以低於目前記憶體電路的成本來設計較高 效能技制器功能的能力。此外,該記憶體陣列電路也可以 較少的處理步驟來製造並且名義上降低記憶體電路製造成 本約30 %到40 % (例如,在動態隨機存取記憶體陣列的情 況下’與互補式金氧半導體(CM〇s)相較的話,該處理技術 可被限制於N型金氧半導體_08)或?型金氧半導體(pM〇s) 電晶體)。 因而’雖然較偏好將—記憶體控制器基體的十分平坦的 表面.和一使用熱擴散金屬結合的記憶體陣列基體結合,在 該本發明較廣義的方面中,本發明打算透過任何各種傳統 表面結合方法,例如各向異性地傳導環氧附著,來結合單 獨記憶體控制器和記憶體陣列基體,以形成在該兩者之間 -15- 麟愧 ~" ~— --
I— S I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) · •1Τ 峻 經濟部中夾標泽局負工消背合作社印製 __^412854 ^77 五 '發明説明(13) 的相互連接,以提供隨機存取資料儲存。 參考圖2c ,顯示一範例的記憶體控制器電路的—部份 勺佈局。該層内結合和匯流排接觸金屬化物有如前所述關 於圖2a的相同樣式。然而,除了記憶體細胞海,已提供 包括’例如’感應放大器和資料線緩衝器215的記憶體控 制器電路。由於晶粒面積增加的可取得性,也可提供與該 感應放大器和資料線緩衝器215有關的多階邏輯。同樣也 顯示的是位址解碼,閘線和動態隨機存取記憶體層選擇邏 輯217 ’更新和自我測試邏輯'219,錯誤更正碼(ECC)邏輯 221 ,视窗邏輯223 ,等。讀注意除了一般在動態隨機存 取記憶體記憶體控制器電路内通常可找到的功能之外,也 才疋供自我測試邏輯’錯誤更正碼(£CC)邏輯,和視窗邏 輯。视晶粒大小或所使用的控制器電路層數目而定,也提 供包括’例如,虛擬記憶體管理,位址功能例如間接定址 或内谷定址’資料壓縮,資料解壓縮,聲音加碼,聲音解 碼,視訊加碼,視訊解碼,語音辨識,手寫辨識,電源管 理’資料庫處理,圖形加速功能,處理器功能(包括增加 一微處理器基體)’等任何數種其它功能。 經滴部中央標準局吳工消贽合作社印製 〇玄二維結構(3DS)記憶體電路晶粒的大小不是依賴目前對 於在一整體的層上包括該記憶體細胞的必要數目和控制功 能邏輯的限制。這讓電路設計者減少該三維結構(3C)S)電 路晶粒大小或選擇一對該電路良率較適切的晶粒大小^三 維結構(3DS)記憶體電路晶粒大小主要是用於製造該最終 三維結構(3DS)記憶體電路所使用的記憶體陣列區塊的大 -16 - 本纸ί長尺度適用中國囤家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2I0X297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印製 412854 at B7 五、發明説明(14) 小和數目以及記憶體陣列層的數目的函數。(一個【9層, 0.25微米處理的二維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體記憶體 電路的良率可能會如下所述的大於9〇%。)選擇該三維結 構(3DS)電路晶粒大小的優點使致能較早的第—生產使用 較傳統整體的電路設計所可能達到的改良的處理技術。當 然,這意味著額外的成本減少和較該傳統記憶體電路爲大 的效能。 三維結構(3DS)記憶體裝置製造方法 三維結構0DS)記憶體電路肴兩種主要的製造方法。然 而,該兩種三維結構(3DS)記憶體製造方法共同的目標爲 將一些電路基體熱擴散金屬結合(也被視爲熱壓縮結合)到 一硬的支撑或共同基體,此支撑或共同基體本身也可爲一 電路元件層<5 該支撑或共同基體可以是一標準的半導體晶圓,一石英 晶圓或一與該三維結構(3DS)電路處理步驟,該電路運算 和所使用的該處理元件相容的任何材料組合的基體。該支 撑基體的大小和形狀是將可使用的製造設備和方法最佳化 下的選擇。電路基體被結合到該支撑基體,並且然後經由 各種方法變薄。電路基體可形成於一標準單一水晶半導體 基體上或如形成在一適當的基體例如矽或石英上的聚合矽 (polysilicon)積體電路, 水口矽电晶體電路有一重大的成本節省取捨,亦即,併 入個可氓孩基體被釋出並且被重新使用的分離層(薄 膜),該聚合矽積體電晶體被形成於該基體上。聚合矽電 ___ -17- 本紙狀度適則晴:料(CNS )⑽兄格(加心7公楚) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 气 經濟部中央榡準局員工消费合作社印" 412854 A7 '_______B7 五、發明説明(15) 晶體或TFTs (薄膜電晶體)裝置廣泛被使用,並且不需僅從 矽中製造。 該二維結構(3DS)記憶體電路的各種電路層透過使用兩種 金屬表面,一般是鋁’的熱擴散而被結合在一起。該要被 t合的電路表面是平滑並且十分平坦如—未處理過的半導 體晶圓的表面或一已處理過的半導體晶圓已用該CMp (化 予機械處理)方法平坦化過,表面平坦度小於1釐米並且 最好小於1,000埃超過至少要被結合的電路表面的面積(在 基體上所形成的)。在要被結合的電路表面上的金屬結合 材料被樣式化成彼此的倒影並且以定義如在圖2a ,圖 2b ’圖2c—和圖5中所述的該各種垂直相互連接接觸。該 結合兩種電路基體的步驟導致在該兩個各別的電路層或基 體之間同時地形成該垂直相互連接。 電路層的熱擴散結合最好發生在一個經過控制的壓力和 例如有少量水和氧氣容量的氮的大氣元件的設備室内。該 結合設備對準該要被結合的基體樣式,以一組程式壓力將 他們壓在一起,並且在如做爲結合材料所使用的金屬類型 所需的一段時間的一個或多個溫度下。結合材料的厚度通 系在500埃到15,000埃的範圍或者有一個更大的較佳厚度 ^500埃。基體的最初結合最好在低於標準壓力下完成,例 如在負1托利切里(t〇rr)和740托利切里(torr)的壓力之間, 視該結合樣式的設計而定。這可在該結合表面間留下—内 郅的負値,一旦外部大氣氣壓返回,這更協助該結合的形 成並且加強結合的可靠性。 18- 本紙張尺度適用肀囤囤家標辛(CNS ) A4规格(210XW7公k ) ~~~~ ' {請先閱讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁}
經濟部中央標荜局只工消费合作社印¾ 412854 A7 ____________B7_ 五、發明説明(16) 最佳的結合材料是純鋁或一鋁合金,但不僅限於鋁並且 可能包:括,例如,錫,鈦,銦,鈀,鋅,鎳,銅,鉑,金 的金屬或此種在可接受的溫度和形成期間提供可接受的表 面結合擴散能力的金屬合金。該結合材料不僅限於金屬, 並且可能是結合材料的组合,例如高傳導性的聚合矽,其 中某些爲非傳導性的,例如二氧化矽,並五前述範例類型 的結合材料的選擇,不應被認爲是電路層可如何被結合的 限制。 在金屬結合材行形成一自然表面氧化物而抑制一令人滿 意的結合的形成或該氧化物.增加該結合所形成的垂直相互 連接内的電—阻的情況下,該氧化物應被移除。該結合設備 提供一氧化物減少能力,以至於該結合材料的結合表面被 挺出而·/又有自然的表面乳化物。形成減少表面氧化物的瓦 斯氣壓的方法是眾所週知的,並且有其它移除該自然氧化 物的方法,例如濺鍍蝕刻,電漿蝕刻或離子磨蝕刻。在使 用铭做爲結合材料的情況下,最好該在結合表面上的約 40埃的薄的自然氧化铭薄膜在結合之前被移除。 遠二維結構(3DS) f己憶體電路變薄的(十分有彈性的)基體 電路層爲一般的記憶體陣列電路,然而,該變薄的基體電 路層不僅限於记憶體電路。其它電路層類型可以是护制器 電路非揮發性的記憶體例如電子式可消除可程式唯讀記 憶體,額外的邏輯電路包括微處理器邏輯和例如那些支援 圖形或資料庫處理等的特殊應用邏輯功能。此電路層類型 的選擇根據該電路設計功能上的必要條件並且不被該三 -19- 本紙張尺度適用中國囤家標準(CNS ) Α4規格210Χ 297公釐) ' "" -----------------乂—J---:---訂 (請先閲讀背面之注項再填疼本耳j 經濟部中央標準局員工消贽合作社印製 41^85·: ' A7 ________B7 五、發明説明(17) 維結構(3DS)記憶體製造處理所限制。 該變,薄的(十分有彈性的)基體電路層最好以低應力(小 於5xK)8達因/平方公分(dynes/cm2))的電介質製造,例如低應 力二氧化矽和氮化矽電介質,相對於在傳統記憶體電路製 造中較常使用的較高應力電介質的二氧化矽和氮化矽。此 低應力電介質在本發明人之美國專利第5,354,695號中被詳 細討論,在此被併入做爲參考。在三維結構(3DS)動態随 機存取s己憶體電路的組合中可使用有傳統應力位準的電介 兔,然而,但若片多層構成該—被堆叠的组合,在該組合中 的每一層必須是應力平衡的-以便一層的沉積的薄膜的淨應 力小於5xlQ8達因/平方公分(dynes/em2)。與使用個別地沉積 薄膜的應力不相等但被沉積以建立—淨平衡的較低應力的 該方法相較’使用該本質上地低應力沉積薄膜爲較佳的 造方法。 方法A,三維結構(3DS)記憶體裝置製造順序 此製造順序假設數個電路層將被結合到一共同的或支撑 基體並且最後在適當的地方變薄。所產生的三維結構(3Ds) 記憶體電路的範例顯示於圖1 a中。 1 .對準並且將第二電路基體的頂侧結合到該共同基體。 2A.研磨第二電路基體底部或暴露的表面至厚度小於 微米.,並且然後拋光或使該表面平滑。該變薄的基體現在 是一個十分有彈性的基體。 或者在裝置製造之前一触刻停止可被併入第二基體内從 小於—微米到在該半導體表面以下數微米。此蝕刻停止^ -20 - 本紙張尺度適用不家標準(CNS ) Λ4规格( 210X297公釐) -------- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
*1T 412 8 5 A7 B7 經濟部中央標準局負工消贽合作社印奴 五、發明説明(18) 以是一個取向附生形成的薄膜例如硼化鍺(GeB)(在本發明 人的美國專利第\354,695和5,323,035號中已敘述,在此被 併入做爲參考)或一低密度的氧或氮的被注入層,以形成 一埋入的氧化物或氮化物障礙蝕刻停止層正好在在第二基 體頂側上的裝置層以下。在該基禮底部重要部份預備性的 研磨之後,然後該第二基體底部剩餘的部份在一化學浴中 被選擇性地蝕刻,此化學浴在該取向附生或被注入層表面 上停止。然後可如所需地使用後續的抛光和反應性離子蝕 刻步驟以完成第二基體的變薄、 或者’一例如在裝置製造-之前可使用氫注入第二基體頂 側表面的分^離層可與一熱步驟使用以粉碎該第二基體底部 的大部份,讓它再使用。 2B第二基體可替代地爲一個由聚合梦電晶體或薄膜電 晶體(TFTs)在一個例如鋁,鈥,绅化銘(a〖as),溴化钾 (KBr) ’等的分離層上所形成的電路,該電路可由一特殊 的化學釋劑啓動。然後第二基體的底部被移除一旦啓動 (落解)該釋放層並且’如果需要的話,接著相互連接半導 體處理步驟。 3處理該變薄的第二基體底邵以形成與例如顯示於圖4 中該第二基體的該被結合的表面side的垂直相互連接。該 底部.處理一般包括電介質和金屬沉積,石版印刷和反應性 離子蚀刻的傳統半導體處理步驟,該處理順序可變動至相 當大的程度。該底邵處理的完成也將導致一類似該頂側結 合材料樣式的樣式化金屬層’以促進一額外電路基體的後 -21 - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •Λ. 本紙乐尺度適用中國囡家標準(CNS ) Λ4现格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局Μ工消合作社印製 4lS{;5 j a7 I--------B7 五、發明説明(19) 續、.·《 口,終、樣式例如一傳統輸入/輸出積體電路結合 接腳(輝線)樣式,一用於該三維結構(3DS)記憶體電路熱 擴散結合的樣式,至另—個晶粒(另一個三維結構電路或 傳統印粒其中之一),或一用於插入式相互連接,傳統 DCA(直接晶片附著)或FCA(覆晶接合附著)的樣式。 特別參考圖4 ,在主動式電路裝置的製造期間,一氧化 物光罩401是熱生成的或被沉積的。然後垂直匯流排接觸 403桅例如向度摻雜的聚合矽形成,與一聚合矽閘形成步 驟一致。或者’梦觸403可能由金屬所形成。然後使用傳 統處理形成傳統動態隨機存-取記憶體相互連接結構41〇。 該動態隨機存取記憶體相互連接可能包括一内部接腳 4〇5 。該晶圓’’被動態隨機存取記憶體處理的"部份42〇包 括各種電介質和金屬層。一最終鈍化層407被沉積,在沉 積之後形成穿孔409 。然後使用傳統化學機械處理(CMP) 處理以獲得一平坦的表面41丨。然後接觸413和未顯示的 結合表面被樣式化在最上面的金屬層中(例如,金屬_ 3 )。 在將第二基體底部結合且變薄至約1 - 8釐米的矽(或其 它半導體)基體415之後,然後穿過417被形成註册該接觸 4〇3 °然後形成一鈍化層419和接觸421 ^該接觸421可被 形成以形成該接觸413的倒影,以容許該另一個晶圓的結 合。. 4 .若另一個電路層要被結合到該三維結構(3DS)電路堆 疊,重覆步驟1 - 3。 5 A .該被完成的三維結構(3ds)記憶體基體的電路然後被 -22- 本紙張尺度適用中®囤家榡準(CNS ) A4规格(2)0X297公釐) -5 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本I)
412854 a? 一 B7 經濟部中央標隼局負工消费合作社印奴 五、發明説明(2〇) 依慣例地鋸成晶粒(單一的),導致一顯示於圖la中的電 路類型,並且如傳統積體電路般被封包。 5B.該被完成的三維結構(3DS)記憶體基體的電路然後被 依慣例地鋸開並且然後個別地對準並且被熱擴散結合的 (金屬樣式)以類似於上述步驟i電路基體結合中所使用的 方式向下至第二(傳統積體電路)晶粒或多晶片模組mcm 基體的表面。(該傳統晶粒或多晶片模組(MCM)基體可能 有較該三維結構(3DS)記憶體基體大的面積並且可能包括 一圖形控制器,視訊控制器或'微處理器,以致於該三維結 構(3DS)變得被埋入如另—個電路的部份。)此最終結合步 驟一般將二細粒度相互連接併入該三維結構(3DS)記憶體 電路和該晶粒或MCM基體之間,但也可使用一傳统相互 連接樣式。此外,一三維結構(3DS)記憶體電路可以晶粒 形式或多晶片模組(MCM)基體被向上結合到一傳統積體電 路並且使用銲線結合以形成傳統輸入/輸出相互連接。 方法B,三維結構(3DS)記憶體裝置製造順序 此製造順序假設一電路基體首先將被結合到一轉換基 體,被變薄並且然後被結合到一共同基體如一層電路堆 疊。然後該轉換基體被釋出。此方法優於方法A的優點 在於可谷*午基體在被結合到該最終電路堆壘之前先被變 薄,.並且容許同時變薄和基體電路層的垂直相互連接處 理。 1.使用一釋放或分離層將第二電路基體結合至一轉換基 體。一轉換基體可以有較大公差的水平表面(TTV或總厚 -23- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1π 本紙张尺度適用中國囷家標隼(CNS ) Λ4規格(210X 297公釐) ^濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 412854 A7 B7 五、發明説明(21) 度變異小於1微米)並且最好有一列小洞以協助該分離處 理°該;分離層可以爲一結合金屬的籃狀沉積。不需精確的 對準該表面。 2 .執行方法A的步驟2 A或2 B。 3 .處理該第二基體的底部以形成的與如在圖4中所示的 第一基體被结合的topside表面的相互連接。該底部處理一 般包括電介質和金屬沉積,石版印刷和反應性離子蝕刻的 傳統半導體處理步驟,該處理順序可變動至相當大的程 度。該底部處理的完成也將導'致類似該共同基體結合材料 樣式的樣式化金屬層’以促-進一額外電路層的後續結合。 4 .將第二電路結合至一共同或支撑基體(三維結構(3〇8) 堆疊)並且透過啓動在它和第二電路之間的該分離層而釋 放該移轉基體。 5 .處理現在已暴露的第二基體頂側以形成用於後續基體 結合的相互連接或一個用於傳統輸入/輸出結合(線結合) 接腳樣式的終端樣式’ 一用於將該三維結構(3DS)記憶體 電路熱擴散結合至另一個晶粒(另一個三維結構電路或一 傳統晶粒中之一)的樣式,或一個用於傳統插入式相互連 接,DCA(直接晶片附著)或FCA(覆晶接合附著)的樣式。 若另一個電路層要被結合至該三維結構(3DS)電路堆叠, 重覆步驟1到4。 6.執行方法A的步驟5A或5B。 三維結構(3DS)記憶體裝置良率促進方法 該二維結構(3DS)電路可被視爲一垂直地组合的(多 •24· ^^尺度適用中國囤家標準(。阽1八4^^(2丨〇乂297公楚) ' 一-- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
l1T 412854 A7 B7 五、發明説明(22) 晶片模组)並且如與MCM —樣,該最終良率是在該被完成 的三維結構(3DS)電路中該每一元件電路(層)良率機率的 產物。該二維結構(3DS)電路使用數個良率促進方法在一 單一記憶體積體電路内其组合的使用中是聯合作用的。使 用於該今維結構(3DS)記憶體電路中的該良率促進方法包 括小的記憶體陣列區塊大小’透過實體地獨特或分離垂直 匯流排相互連接的記憶體陣列區塊電絕緣,記憶體間陣列 區塊閘線備用’記憶體陣列層備用(區塊内閘線備用),控 制器備用和ECC (錯誤修正碼)。該術語備用用於表示以— 重覆的元件來替代。 經濟部中央標準局員工消贽合作社印聚 {請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 該筘憶體陣列區塊所選擇的大小爲在該三維結構(3DS)記 憶體電路良率方程式中的該第一元件。每一記憶體陣列區 塊個別地(獨特地)被存取並被該控制器電路啓動,並且除 了那些在不同的記憶體陣列層上的區塊之外,每一個和每 隔一個記憶體陣列區塊爲實體地獨立,包括那些在相同記 憶體陣列層上的區塊。記憶體陣列區塊的大小一般小於5 平方楚·米並且最好小於3平方楚米,但不僅限於一特定大 小。记憶體陣列區塊的大小,其Ν型金氧半導體(NMOS) 或P型金氧半導體(PMOS)製造過程的簡易性以及與其地記 憶體陣列區塊的每一個的實體獨立性,對幾乎所有的生產 積體電路過程而言,提供一大於99.5 %的保守狀態的名目 良率。此良率假設在該記憶體陣列區塊中大部份的接點的 缺點’例如開路的或短路的相互連接線或失敗的記憶體細 胞’可從重覆的閘線區塊間或區塊内的组來備用(取代)。 25- 本紙張尺度適用中國囷家標準(CNS ) Λ4说格(210父297公痠〉 41285:· a7 _________B7 _ 五、發明説明(23) 在一使該完整的記憶體陣列區塊無法使用的記憶體陣列區 塊中的,主要缺點導致來自一重覆的記憶體陣列層或該三維 結構(3DS)電路拒絕的該區塊的整個備用。 在三維結構(3DS)動態隨機存取記憶體電路的範例中,記 憶體陣列區塊堆疊的良率是從該良率方程式Ys=((l_(l_py)2)n)b 中計算出’其中n是動態隨機存取記憶體陣列層的數目, b是每個動態隨機存取記憶體陣列的區塊數目,並且p y 疋在小於3平方愛米的面積上一動態隨機存取記憶體陣列 區塊的有效良率(機率)。假設-在該動態隨機存取記憶體陣 列區塊線中的閘線有4 %的·動態随機存取記憶體陣列區塊 重覆和重··覆的動態隨機存取記憶體降列層,並且更假設 每層的區塊數目是64 ,在該堆疊中的記憶體陣列層的數 目疋17並且Py的有效値爲0 995 ,然後該整個記憶體陣 列(包括所有記憶體陣列區塊堆疊)的堆疊良率Y s是 97,47%。 然後忒控制器Yc的良率乘以該ys記憶體陣列堆疊良 率。假设一晶粒大小小於50平方釐米,從一 〇·5微米雙金 乳半導體或/昆合彳s说處理所製造出的控制器合理Yc會在 經濟部中央標隼局貝工消f合作社印柴 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 65%和85%之間,淨三維結構(3DS)記憶體電路良率在 63.4 %和82.8 %之間β若—重覆的控制器電路層被加至該 三維結構(3DS)記憶體堆疊,該良率機率應在85 7 %和 95,2 %之間。 記憶體陣列區塊的有效良率可透過任意使用錯誤更正碼 (ECC)邏輯來進一步增加。錯誤更正碼(Ecc)邏輯爲資料位 -26- 本紙ί表尺度適州1丨,國园家標準(CNS ) ;\4规格(2]0X297公楚) 經漭部中央標準局員工消贽合作社印製 412854 at _____B7^_五、發明説明(24) 元某些群體大小修正資料位元錯誤。對錯誤更正碼(ECC) 邏輯運算必要的該併發症狀位元將會被儲存在一垂直地相 關的區塊堆疊内任何該記憶體陣列層重覆的閘線上。此 外,若需要的話,以便容納錯誤更正碼(ECC)併發症狀位 元的儲存,可在電路上加額外的記憶體陣列層。 有用的三維結構(3DS)記憶體裝置控制器能力 當與一傳統記憶體電路做比較時,該三維結構(3DS)記憶 體控制器電路有各種有利的能力由於可供控制器電路使用 的額外面積,以及可取得各種)昆合信號處理製造技術。這 些能力的某一些是記憶體細,胞以動態閘線位址指定,虛擬 位址翻譯?可程式化位址視窗或映成,錯誤更正碼 (ECC),資料壓縮和多階儲存的自我測試。 動態閘線位址指定是使用可程式化閘以啓動該層和閘線 供一讀取/寫入運算。這容許記憶體儲存的實體順序是要 被分離或與該被儲存記憶體的邏輯順序不同。 測試每一代記憶體裝置已導致測試成本顯著地増加。三 維結構(3DS)記憶體控制器透過將足夠的控制邏輯併入以 執行該各種記憶體陣列區塊的内部測試(自我測試)中來降 低測試成本。僅在辨識控制器電路功能時才需要該傳統自 動測式儀器(ATE)方式的電路測試。該内部測試的範疇更 延伸.至獨特位址的該可程式化(動態)指定,該位址符合在 每一層上的每一個記憶體陣列區塊的各種閘線。該三維結 構(3DS)控制器電路的自我測試能力在該三維結構(3Ds)記 •fe體電路的生命週期中可被使用在任何時間,以做爲—於 -27- 本紙张尺度適用中國國家榡準(CNS > Λ4規格(210X297公Ϊ1—~~ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本!) *1Τ 4l2C5i五、發明説明(25) A7 B7 經满部中决摞準/9貝工消赀合作社印^ 斷工具,並且透過將在該三維結構(3DS)記憶體電路使用 於一產品内之後失敗的該閘線位址重新建構(備用)來做爲 —增加電路信賴性的裝置。 錯誤更正碼(ECC)是一種電路能力,若被包括在控制器 電路内’可被一程式化的信號或製成一被指定的功能來開 啓或關閉。 資料壓縮邏輯將容許可被儲存在該三維結構(3DS)記憶體 陣列内的資料總數增加。有各種一般已知的資料壓縮方法 可供此目的使用。 - 較大的感應放大器容許較-大的動態效能並且從該記憶體 細胞啓動較―高速度的讀取運算。較大的感應放大器被期待 提供在每一個記憶體細胞中儲存大於1位元(多階儲存)資 訊的能力:此能力已在非揮發性的記憶體電路例如快閃式 可消除可程式唯讀記憶體(flash EPR0M)中展示。多階儲存 也已被提出於使用在4 G (十億)位元動態隨機存取記憶體 代的電路中。 ^ 對那些熟於先前技術的人會了解到本發明可以其它特殊 形式來具體實現而不偏離該精神或其必要的特色。因而^ 前所揭露的具體實例在各方面被視爲是圖示性的而非限气 性的。由所附之申請專利範圍指出本發明之範嗜而非前: (敘述,並且在此也意圖涵蓋在其相等物的 的所有的變動。 ^犯興円 -28- 表紙张尺度適用中囡因家標準(CNS }八4巩格(2ι〇χ 297公楚) (請先閲请背面之注意事項再填爲本頁) 訂

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  1. AS B8 C8 D8
    第S7105110號專利申請案 中文申請本(89年3月) 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種形成一隨機存取記憶體的方法,包括以下步驟: 在一第一基體上製造一記憶體電路; {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 在一第二基體上製造一記憶體控制器電路; 將第一和第二基體結合’以形成在記憶體電路和記 憶體控制器電路之間的相互連接’單僅第一基體或單 僅第二基體不足以提供隨機存取資料儲存,其中該結 合疋將弟一基體熱擴散結合至弟一基體,並且該基體 之一的底部變薄並且接著經處理以形成通過該基體之 —的相互連接且在該基體之一底部形成接觸。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該結合是將第— 基體熱擴散結合至第二基體’以形成一堆疊的積體電 路結構。 3‘如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中至少某些相互連 接是間距小於100微米的細粒度垂直相互連接。 4.如申請專利範圍第3項之方法’包括該步驟更結合該 堆疊的積體電路結構和另一個基體。 5如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該另一個結合是 將該堆疊的積體電路結構和該另一個基體彼此熱擴散 結合" 經濟部中央標準局只工消费合作社印製 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法’其中該熱擴散結合使 用接觸間距小於100微米的細粒度的接觸樣式。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法’其中該細粒度的接觸 樣式形成該細粒度的垂直相互連接的延伸。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法’包括該步騾另一個結 本紙張尺度逋用中S®家標準(CNS ) A4洗格(2l〇x297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 412854 μ C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 合該堆疊的積體電路結構和一另一個基體。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該另一個結合為 一單一的堆疊的積體電路結構和該另一個基體的銲線 結合。 10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中至少某些相互連 接是透過一平坦處理來形成。 11. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該另一個結合為 一單一的堆疊的積體電路結構的細粒度垂直相互連接 接觸樣式和該另一個堆疊的積體電路或傳統電路積體 電路的熱擴散金屬結合。 12. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中該另一個結合為 一單一的堆疊的積體電路結構的相互連接接觸樣式和 該另一個堆疊的積體電路或傳統電路積體電路的熱擴 散金屬結合。 13. 如申請專利範園第11項之方法,其中第一和第二基體 是銲線結合到一第三基體。 14. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該結合是將該第 —基體熱擴散結合到第二基體,以形成一堆疊的積體 電路結構,該方法包括以下步騾: 在至少一額外的基體上製造至少一额外的記憶體電 路;以及 將至少一額外的基體結合至該堆疊的積體電路基 體,並且在該至少一額外的記憶體電路和該記憶體控 制器電路之間形成相互連接,其中至少有某些該相互 -2- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度逍用中围國家搞準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 412854 Α8 8$ C8 D8 々、申請專利範圍 連接經過一基體’一記憶體電路形成於此基體上β --- I —I I t— I I - ^ i— I n - - i ^ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 15. 如申請專利範圍第W項之方法,更包括以下步騾: 將基體變薄,在該基體上形成記憶體電路以形成變 薄的基體’而促進該相互連接的形成η 16. 如申請專利範園第μ項之方法,其中至少某些該扁互 連接為間距小於1〇〇微米的細粒度垂直相互連接。 Π·如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該變薄基體變薄 至厚度小於50微米。 1S.如申請專利範圍第15項之方法’其中該變薄基體的半 導體部份變薄至厚度約為卜8微米的範圍内。 19. 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該變薄步驟包括 研磨該基體》 20. 如申請專利範圍第19項之方法’其中該基體在被結合 之後被研磨過。 21. 如申請專利範圍第丨9項之方法’其中該基體在被結合 之前被研磨過。 經濟部中央橾牟局貝工消费合作社印製 22‘如申請專利範圍第i 4項之方法,其中至少一記憶體電 路在一可重覆使用的基體上被形成,更包括該步驟分 離一層’在此層内該記憶體電路是從該可重覆使用基 體形成》 23. 如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中該至少一記憶體 電路由聚合矽電晶體所形成。 24. 如申請專利範圍第14項之方法’其中結合包括熱擴散 結合。 -3 - 本紙法尺度適用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4洗格(2丨〇Χ25>·7公釐) Α8 Β8 C8 D8 412854 六、申請專利範圍 ·~~— 25. 如申請專利圍第24項之方法,其中成對—方接觸樣 式被形成在要被結合在一起的各別的表面上。 -- I n IK n n-n .1 I n —I 1 It _____ f請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 26. 如申請專利範圍$ 25 ,員之方法,其巾該一方接觸樣 式主要是以金屬來形成。 , 27. 如申請專利範„ 26項之方法,其中該金屬包括從— 群包括:鋁,錫,鈦,冑’鈀,鋅,鎳,銅,鉑和 金,及其合金的金屬中被選擇β 28. 如申請專利範圍第1 4項之方法,其中該記憶體電路和 该记憶體控制器電路為半導體電路,並且其中該記憶 體控制器電路被製造使用一第一半導體處理技術,並 且該記憶體電路使用第二個不同的半導體處理技巧而 形成。 29. 如申請專利範圍第28项之方法,其中該第一半導體處 理技巧採用第一類型和第二補充類型兩者的主動半導 體裝置。 30. 如申請專利範圍第28項之方法,其中半導體裝置是根 據包括金氧半導體(MOS)裝置的第二半導體處理技術而 形成’該金氧半導體(MOS)裝置全為單一類型。 經濟部中央標隼局貝工消费合作社印策 31. —種使用包括一記憶體控制器層和複數個記憶體層的 堆4積體電路記憶體的資訊處理方法,該方法包栝以 下步驟: 激發一記憶體存取;及 在該記憶體控制器層和在複數個大小相同的記憶體 區塊的每一個内的被選擇的儲存位置之間獨立地杳直 -4 - 本紙法·尺度逋用中國Η家搞準(CNS } A4^ ( 210X297公釐) 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印装 412854 C8 ---__ _ D8______ '申請專利範圍 遞送資料。 32·如申請專利範圍第31項之方法,包括以下步騾: 在單一記憶體存取期間,從複數個記憶體層中存取 資料。 33. 如申請專利範圍第32項之方法,其中使用來自一記憶 體層的資料而非來自另一個有缺陷部份的記憶體層的 資料。 34. 如申請專利範圍第32項之方法,其中從一記憶體層來 的資料被用於執行關於來自另一個記憶體層的資料的 錯誤更正碼(ECC)處理。 35. 如申請專利範圍第3〖項之方法,包括以下步騾: 在忒記憶體控制器層内接收從被選擇的儲存位置來 的資料;及 對每一個被選擇的儲存位置而言,在至少四個電壓^ 位準之間做區分以產生至少二位元的資料。 36. 如申請專利範園第31項之方法,包括以下步驟: 接收在記憶體控制器層内的資料;及 將該資料解壓縮。 37. 如中請專利範圍.第3丨項之方法,包括以下步驟_· 壓縮在記憶體控制器層内的資料;並且 將該資料窝入被選擇的記憶體位置内。 38. —種堆疊的積體電路記憶體,包括: 一第—h分硬的基體,在其上形成記憶體電路之— 和一記憶體控制器電路;及 -5- 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家梂率(CNS ) A4規格(2丨0X297公釐) -«^1 IK am* 1^1 -- I— H 士.^1^ -—^ϋ- In - —i n^— In--SJ {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 412854 A8 B8 C8 D8 經濟部中央梯率局員工消費合作社印裂 7T、申請專利祀圍 至少一十分有彈性的基體,在其上形成該記憶體電 路的另一個和該記憶體控制器電路,並且被結合至該 第一基體。 39. 如申請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該第一基體在其上已形成該記憶體電路並且為記憶 體電路基體的堆疊的一部份,並且第二基體在其上已 形成該記憶體控制器電路。 40. 如申請專利範圍第39項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該第一和第二基體為單一的晶粒,第二基體的面積 大於第一基體^ 41. 如申請專利範圍第40項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中第二基體在其上已形成遠離該記憶體控制器電路的 額外電路。 42. 如申請專利範圍第41項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該額外電路為圖形顯示子系統的一部份。 43. 如申請專利範圍第41項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該额外電路包括一微處理器。 44. 如f請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該十分有彈性的基體包括記憶體輸入/輸出接腳。 45. 如申請專利範圍第44項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體電路形成於約在該有彈性的基體的頂端表 面,該頂端表面被結合至該第一基體,並且該記憶體 輸入/輸出接腳形成於約在該有彈性的基體的底部表 面。 -6- (請先閏讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 农 訂 本紙浪尺度適用中國困家揉率(CNS ) A4規格(210Χ297公釐) 經濟部中央揉準局貝工消費合作社印製 A8 B8 C8 _______讲 六、申請專利範圍 46.如申請專利範圍第38項之堆叠之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記㈣電路和該記憶體控制器電路被垂直相互連 接耦合。 47‘如申請專利範圍第46項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體’其 中該垂直相互連接包括間距小於丨⑻釐米的細粒度的 垂直相互連接。 4S.如申請專利範園第47項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中至少某些該細粒度的垂直相互連接是以二維方式來 排列。 49.如申請專利範圍第47項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體電路包括一記憶體區塊的二維陣列,每一 個s己憶體區塊在其上約已形成一細粒度垂直相互連接 陣列’形成一個將該記憶體區塊耦合至該記憶體控制 器的第一埠。 50_如申請專利範圍第49項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中至少某些記憶體區塊在其上約已形成一細粒度垂直 相互連接陣列’形成一個將該記憶體搞合到該記憶體 控制器的第二槔。 51. 如申請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中至少該記憶體電路中有一個提供重覆的記憶體位 置。 52. 如申請專利範圍第51項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,更 包括一類外的十分有彈性的基體,在此基體上有一重 覆的記憶體電路形成。 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) n 11 ---1 - 1- 1 I 1.....1 M衣- i- I I [_I ——---I (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央橾率局貝工消費合作社印製 41285d as C8 D8六、申請專利範圍 53. 如申請專利範圍第52項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體控制器電路包括錯誤更正碼(ECC)邏輯並且 被程式化以在該重覆的記憶體電路f儲存錯誤更正碼 (ECC)併發症狀。 54. 如申請專利範圍第51項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體控制器電路包括測試該記憶體電路的邏 輯。 55. 如申請專利範圍第54項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體控制器電路被程式化,以在該記憶體電路 中以重覆的記憶體位置取代有缺陷的記憶體位置。 56. 如申請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體控制器電路包括執行至少以下功能之一的 邏輯電路:虚擬記憶體管理,間接定址,内容定址, 資料壓縮,資料解壓縮,圖形加速,聲音編碼,聲音 解碼,視訊編碼,視訊解碼,聲音辨識,手寫辨識, 電源管理,和資料庫處理。 57. 如申請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,更 包括第二基體在其上已形成一重覆的記憶體控制器, 被結合至該十分有彈性的基體。 58. 如申請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,更 包括第二基體在其上已形成一處理器,被結合至該十 分有彈性的基體。 59. 如申請專利範圍第38項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該記憶體控制器電路包括耦合到該記憶體電路的資 -8- 本紙张又度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4说格(210X 297公釐) * - 了 ' ^^^1 *m ^^^^1 4 ^^—^1 n^i Jm ^^^^1 1' 、va {請先閱讀背®之注意事項再填寫本育) 41285^ a8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 料線的感應放大器。 60. 如申請專利範圍第59項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該等感應放大器於多於兩個信號位準之間辨識,每 一個感應放大器產生一多階輸出信號。 61. 如申請專利範圍第59項之堆疊之積體電路記憶體,其 中該感應放大器的大小可展示一交換速度约1〇奈秒或 更少。 62. —種將複數個基體結合在一起的方法,每一個基體有 積體電路形成於其上,以在該積體電路間形成相互連 接’該方法包括以下步驟: 在每一個第一和第二基體上處理一成對一方的表 面’以達到該成對一方表面十分平坦; 在該成對一方表面上形成細粒度相互連接樣式;及 執行該成對一方表面的細粒度’平坦的熱擴散結 合;並且 將菽基體中至少一個變薄,該積體電路形成於該基 體上以形成一變薄的基體,促進該相互連接的成形, 並且執行該變薄基體的底部處理。 經濟部中央樣準局貝工消费合作社印袈 63. 如申請專利範圍第62項之方法,其中該第一基體至第 一基體的熱擴散結合形成一堆疊的積體電路結構。 64. 如申請專利範圍第63項之方法,其中至少某些該相互 連接為間距小於100微米的細粒度垂直相互連接。 仏如申請專利範圍帛64項之方法,包括該步驟另一個結 合Μ堆疊的積體電路結構和—另一個基體。 -9 - 以張ΒΙΗ家標準(CNS ) Α娜( 412854 A 88 8 BCD 經濟部中央梯率局員工消費合作社印裂 六、申請專利範圍 66.如申請專利範圍第65項之方法,其中該另一個結合是 將該堆叠的積體電路結構和該另一個基體彼此熱擴散 結合。 67如申請專利範園第66項之方法,其中該熱擴散結合使 用接觸間距小於100微米的細粒度接觸樣式。 68. 如申請專利範圍第67項之方法,其中該細粒度接觸樣 式形成遠细粒度垂直相互連接的延伸》 69. 如申請專利範圍第62项之方法,包括另—個結合該堆 疊的積體電路結構和一另一個基體的該步驟^ 70. 如申請專利範圍第69項之方法,其中該另一個結合為 —單一的堆疊的積體電路結構和該另一個基體的銲線 結合。 71. 如申請專利範圍第62項之方法,其中至少某些該相互 連接是由一平坦處理所形成。 72_如申請專利範圍第69項之方法,其中該另一個結合是 一單一的堆疊積體電路結構的細粒度垂直相互連接接 觸樣式和該另一個堆疊積體電路或傳統電路積體電路 的熱擴散金屬結合。 73. 如申請專利範園第69項之方法,其中該另一個結合是 一單一的,堆疊積體電路結構的相互連接接觸樣式= 該另一個堆疊積體電路或傳統電路積體電路的瓿擴 金屬結合。 74. 如申請專利範圍第72项之方法,其中該第一和第二 體被焊線結合至一第三基體。 本纸張尺度適用中®國家棣準(CNS ) A4说格(210X25»7公釐) —^1 - - - I I- n^i 1 I I 1 - - 、一*4 (请先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 412854六、申請專利範圍 A8 B8 C8 D8 經濟部中央橾隼局5工消费合作社印製 75. 如申請專利範圍第62項之方法,更包括以下步驟: 將該基體變薄,該積體電路形成於此基體上以形成 變薄的基體’促進該相互連接的形成。 76. 如申請專利範圍第75項之方法,其中至少某些該相互 連接為間距小於100微米的細粒度垂直相互連接。 77. 如申請專利範圍第75項之方法’其中該變薄的基體被 變薄至厚度小於50微米。 78. 如申請專利範圍第75項之方法,其令該變薄基體的半 導體部份被變薄至厚度約1,8微米的範圍内。 79. 如申請專利範圍第75項之方法,其中該變薄步驟包括 研磨該基體。 80. 如申請專利範圍第7S>項之方法 之後被研磨。 81. 如申請專利範圍第79項之方法 之前被研磨。 82. 如申請專利範圍第74項之方法 基體上形成至少一個積體電路 驟’在此層内該積體電路從該可重覆使用基體中形 成。 83. 如申請專利範圍第82項之方法 電路是以聚合矽電晶體所形成。 84. 如申請專利範圍第74項之方法 結合。 85. 如申請專利範圍第S4項之方法 其中該基體在被結合 其中該基體在被結合 其中在一可重覆使用 更包括分離一層的步 其中該至少 個積體 其中結合包括熱擴散 其中成對—方接觸樣 I— Hr i In 1^1 I I I , 衣-- - I: I I I ---- I n (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} -11 - A8 B8 C8 D8 412854 π、申請專利範圍 式被形成在要被結合在一起的各自的表面上^ 86. 如申請專利範園第85項之方法,其中該成對一方接觸 樣式主要由金屬所形成。 87. 如申請專利範圍第86項之方法,其中該金屬包括從一 群包括:鋁,錫,鈦,銦,鈀,鋅,鎳’銅’鉑和 金’及其合金的金屬中被選擇。 88. 如申請專利範圍第〗項之方法’包括在該記憶體控制 器感應放大益内定位’並且將該感應放大器辆合到該 記憶體電路的日期線的步騾 89‘如申請專利範圍第88項之方法,包括該另一個步驟使 用遠感應放大器以辨視兩個信號位準以上,並且從每 一個感應放大器中產生一多階輸出信號。 90. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中使用一半導體處 理技術製造該記憶體控制器電路,並i該記憶體電路 使用不同的處理技術而形成。 91. 如申請專利範圍第90項之方法’其中該不同的處理技 術是從一群包括:動態隨機存取記憶體,靜態隨機存 取記憶體,快閃記憶體,可消除可程式唯讀記憶體, 電子式可消除可程式唯讀記憶體,鐵電體和巨大磁阻 (Giant Magneto Resistance)中選擇的。 92·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中被熱擴散結合所 結合的表面包括相互連接金屬化和非相互連接金屬 化; 而熱擴散結合同時地透過該相互連接金屬化達成電 -12- 本紙張尺度逍用中困國家搮车(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) ----------------衣------1T (請先闖讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央揉準局員工消費合作社印裝 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 412854 b| D8 六、申請專利範圍 子的相互連接,並且透過該非相互連接金屬化達成機 械的結合。 93. 如申請專利範圍第62項之方法,其中被熱擴散結合所 結合的表面包括相互連接金屬化和非相互連接金屬 化; 而熱擴散結合同時地透過該相互連接金屬化達成電 子的相互連接’並且透過該非相互連接金屬化達成機 械的結合。 94. 如申請專利範圍第9 3項之方法’要加以結合之表面兩 者係使用化學/機械磨光而平面化D 95. 如申請專利範園第1項之方法’其中該基體為半導體晶 圓。 96. 如申請專利範圍第9 5項之方法,尚包括將一最後之堆 疊晶圓切成各別堆疊積體電路之步驟n 97. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中記憶體控制器電路 及該記憶體電路係使用小於5 X 1〇8達因/平方公分 (dynes/cm2 )之低應力介質所形成。 98. 如申請專利範圍第1 4項之方法,尚包括當背侧處理— 最後之基體以形成該隨機存取記憶體之部分時,於此 最後之基體背侧上形成結合墊之步驟。 99. 如申請專利範圍第6 2項之方法,其中由熱擴散結合所 結合之表面包括相互連接金屬化和非相互連接金屬 化; 藉此’熱擴散結合經由該相互連接金屬化而同時獲得 13- 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210父297公;^ --- (請先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印装 41285^ as C8 D8 ^、申請專利乾圍 電氣上之相互連接且經由該非相互連接金屬化而同時獲 得機械上之結合。 100. 如申請專利範圍第6 2項之方法,其中,於該熱擴散結 合之前,要加以結合之表面至少一者係使用化學/機 械磨光而平面化。 101. 如申請專利範圍第9 7項之方法,其中要加以結合之表 面兩者係使用化學/機械磨光而平面化。 102. 如申請專利範圍第6 2項之方法,其中該基體為半導體 晶圓。 103. 如申請專利範圍第1 0 2項之方法,尚包括將一最後之 堆疊晶圓切成各別堆疊積體電路之步騾。 im.如申請專利範圍第6 2項之方法,其中該積體電路係使 用小於5 X 108達因/平方公分(dynes/cm2)之低應力介 質所形成。 105. 如申請專利範圍第6 9項之方法,尚包括當背侧處理一 最後之基體以形成該隨機存取記憶體之部分時,於此 . 最後之基體背侧上形成結合墊之步騾。 106. —種積體電路記憶體結構,包括: 一第一基體;及 一第二基體,結合於此第一基體以於此第一基體及 此第二基體之間形成導電路徑,其中第二基體係一具 有主動電路形成其上之薄的單晶半導體基體。 107. —種結合多數基體之方法,每一基體具有形成其上之 積體電路以於積體電路之間形成互相連接,方法包括 -14- _ I II 1^1 In n ^^^1 ( —^n - ---- - ~ 二· :--aJ (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度逍用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4現格(210X297公釐) 412854 D8 申請專利範圍 有步騾: 於每一第一及第二基體上預製具有配對接觸圖型之 實質上平坦之配對表面; 於配對表面上實行熱擴散結合;及 於形成該積體電路上之該基體至少一者予以薄化以 形成一薄的基體,有利於該互相連接之形成,及實行 該薄的基體之背侧處理。 n n 衣 ,县 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標率局負工消費合作社印裝 -15 本紙浪尺度適用中國國家揉率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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