WO2002078105A1 - Materiau actif a electrode positive et accumulateur a electrolyte non-aqueux contenant ce materiau - Google Patents
Materiau actif a electrode positive et accumulateur a electrolyte non-aqueux contenant ce materiau Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002078105A1 WO2002078105A1 PCT/JP2001/009756 JP0109756W WO02078105A1 WO 2002078105 A1 WO2002078105 A1 WO 2002078105A1 JP 0109756 W JP0109756 W JP 0109756W WO 02078105 A1 WO02078105 A1 WO 02078105A1
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
- H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery. Further, the present invention relates to a high-capacity and inexpensive non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a positive electrode containing a specific positive electrode active material.
- lithium secondary batteries are batteries with a high energy density, so they are expected to be the main battery of the next generation, and their potential market size is large.
- Li C o ⁇ 2 having a high voltage of 4 V as the positive electrode active material, but since Li is expensive, Li C o O 2 is expensive. For this reason, various positive electrode active materials replacing LiCoO2 have been studied. Among them, lithium-containing transition metal oxide is vigorously studied, L i N i a C o b 0 2 (a + b 1) is a promising, also has L i Mn 2 ⁇ 4 having a spinel structure It seems to be commercialized.
- LiNiO2 having a layered structure is expected to have a large discharge capacity, but the degree of deterioration is large because the crystal structure changes with charging and discharging. 1 Therefore, to stabilize the crystal structure during charge and discharge, that adding an element capable of suppressing the deterioration in the L i N i O 2 have been proposed.
- Specific examples of such added elements include elements such as cobalt, manganese, titanium, and aluminum.
- a hydroxide of Ni, a hydroxide of Mn, and a hydroxide of Li are dry-mixed at a time, fired, and then cooled to room temperature. After cooling, it is heated and fired again to produce an active material having a composition represented by the formula: Li y Ni i-xMn ⁇ 2 (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.3) A way to do that has been proposed.
- Li salt, Ni salt and Mn salt are mixed at once with an aqueous solution, and the resulting mixture is dried and calcined to obtain the formula: Li N in x ⁇
- a method has been proposed for obtaining an active material represented by 2 (where, 0.005 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.45).
- US Patent No. 5,985,237 discloses a method for producing LiMn ⁇ 2 having a layer structure, which is substantially a 3 V class active material.
- L i N i 0 2 is the L i Mn_ ⁇ 2 min Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a composite oxide having a single-phase crystal structure. This is because when the coprecipitation Mn 2 + is oxidized tends to Mn 3 +, Mn 3 + is less likely to form a N i 2+ and homogeneous composite oxide.
- Li N i ⁇ 2 has a non-flat discharge shape and a short cycle life. Further, the heat resistance is low, there is a big problem to use as a substitute material for L i C O_ ⁇ 2. For this reason, attempts have been made to improve L i Ni 2 by adding various elements, but this is still insufficient. In addition, since Li MnOs can only obtain a voltage of 3 V, research has begun on Li Mn 2 ⁇ 4 that has a low-capacity spinel structure without a layered structure.
- an object of the present invention is to find a positive electrode active material composed of a composite oxide exhibiting a novel function by a technique of forming a solid solution by uniformly dispersing different transition metal elements at an atomic level. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention comprises crystal particles of a lithium-containing oxide containing two transition metal elements, wherein the crystal structure of the crystal particles is a layer structure, and the arrangement of oxygen atoms constituting the lithium-containing oxide is cubic close-packed.
- the positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte batteries, which is filled, is considered.
- the lithium-containing oxide has a formula (1):
- a and B are preferably different transition metal elements, respectively, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1). That is, the lithium-containing oxide represented by the formula (1) contains two types of transition metal elements.
- the two transition metal elements are selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, manganese and cobalt.
- the two kinds of transition metal elements are preferably a nickel element and a manganese element. That is, in the crystal grains, it is preferable that the etchant atoms and the manganese atoms are uniformly dispersed.
- the ratio I of the integrated intensity of the X-ray diffraction peak attributed to the Miller indices (003) and (104). . 3 ZI 1M 1 Preferably it is full.
- the powder X-ray diffraction peaks belonging to the Miller indices (108) and (110) are observed as two split peaks.
- the lithium-containing oxide preferably contains two transition metal elements at substantially the same ratio. Further, it is effective that the crystal particles are spherical.
- the positive electrode active material comprises crystal particles of the lithium-containing oxide having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 2 / im and secondary particles of the crystal particles having a particle diameter of 2 to 20 m. It is effective to consist of a mixture.
- the crystal particles have a unit cell volume reduced by oxidation.
- the lithium element, the nickel element and the manganese element contained in the lithium-containing oxide satisfy 1.03 ⁇ L i Z (N i + Mn) ⁇ 1.03.
- the lithium-containing oxide it is necessary to use a hydroxide or an oxide containing two or more kinds of transition metals, which have an X-ray diffraction peak of 15 to It is preferable to use a hydroxide or oxide having a half-width of a peak observed at 20 ° of 3 ° or less as a precursor.
- the lithium-containing oxide comprises the precursor and lithium carbonate And / or by mixing and firing a lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide.
- the calcination is preferably performed at a temperature of 900 ° C. or higher.
- C The lithium-containing oxide has a formula (2):
- the lithium-containing oxide has a formula (3):
- a and B are different transition metal elements, C is at least one additional element different from A and B, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ 2y + p ⁇ 1) Is preferred.
- the additive element C is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, calcium, strontium, yttrium, ytterbium, iron, nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a negative electrode, a separator, a positive electrode including the above-described positive electrode active material, and an electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental facility used for producing a positive electrode active material by a coprecipitation method in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an SEM (scanning electron microscope) photograph of the surface of the precursor produced in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a SEM photograph of a cross section of the precursor produced in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another experimental facility used for producing a positive electrode active material by a coprecipitation method in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a SEM photograph of the precursor produced in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing X-ray diffraction patterns of precursors manufactured under various conditions in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction image of a lithium-containing nickel manganese oxide having each composition.
- L i [L i X ( N i I / 2 M n) i- 0 2 (X is 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3) is a diagram showing charge-discharge curves of.
- L i [L i 0. 2 (N i 1/2 M n 1/2) 0. 8] is a diagram showing a charge-discharge power portion at 0 second. 5 to 2. 5 V.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the charge / discharge power of lithium-containing oxides containing various transition metal elements.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the charging / discharging power of LiCo1 / 3NwMn ⁇ C.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a cylindrical battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the present inventors obtain a positive electrode active material composed of a nickel-manganese composite oxide that exhibits a new function by forming a solid solution by uniformly dispersing a nickel compound and a manganese compound at the atomic level as described above.
- another new function can be created by mixing two kinds of transition metals, provided that they have a specific structure.
- the transition metal should not be dissolved at the atomic level.
- these two types of transition metals have substantially the same number.From the viewpoint of the crystal structure, it is important that the arrangement of oxygen in the layered structure be cubic close-packed. I found it.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention includes crystal particles of a lithium-containing oxide containing two transition metal elements, wherein the crystal structure of the crystal particles is a layer structure, and oxygen atoms constituting the lithium-containing oxide are Preferably, the array is cubic close-packed.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention has a layer structure in terms of crystal structure, and has an integrated intensity ratio I 0 of an X-ray diffraction peak attributed to Miller indices (003) and (104). 3 / I 1M is I. . 3 Satisfies ZI HM ⁇ 1, and the powder X-ray diffraction peaks assigned to the Mira index (108) and (110) are observed as two split peaks Is preferred.
- the integrated intensity ratio I of the (03) and (104) peaks. . 3 ZI UM is I. . Meet 3 / I> 1.
- L i C o 0 2 and L i N i ⁇ 2 used as the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries satisfy this relationship.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention is: .
- a major feature is that 3 ZI 1M is satisfied, and the (108) and (110) peaks are clearly observed as two splits.
- structural analysis shows that the positive electrode active material of the present invention has a layered structure, and the arrangement of oxygen is a cubic close-packed structure. It was almost clear.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,021 has the formula: L i X N i 2 — x - y M y 0 2 (where 0.8 ⁇ ⁇ 1.0, y ⁇ 0.2, An active material having a composition of (where M satisfies y ⁇ 0.5) is disclosed.
- As the additional element M Co, Fe, Ti, Mn, Cr and V are disclosed.
- a large number of additive elements M are shown based on Ni, and the amount of addition is considered to be very small. Therefore, as described above, there is no disclosure or suggestion of performing the potential control by the combination of the additional elements only by adding the additional elements while making use of the potential characteristics of Ni.
- C Although only the large amount of o is described, it is well known from the past that Co has a high potential and that the potential of Co is almost equal to the potential of Ni. It is probable that such a combination is being considered.
- the present invention includes that not only a combination of the same ratio of Ni—Mn but also a combination of other transition metal elements with the same ratio can exert a new function.
- Ni, Mn, Fe, Co and Ti the reason why it is preferable to use a combination of nickel and manganese is as follows. That is, when the lithium-containing oxide is applied to a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery, Li enters and leaves the crystal due to charging and discharging. In a normal active material, the electron conductivity of the active material decreases at the end of discharge, and the discharge curve becomes gentle. This is thought to be the polarization caused by the decrease in electron conductivity. However, when nickel and manganese are combined, their respective electronic states interact with each other, so that it is possible to suppress a significant decrease in electron conductivity at the end of discharge. As a result, the charge / discharge curve has a desirable flat shape.
- the nickel and manganese coprecipitation method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-171910.
- the coprecipitation method is a method of simultaneously precipitating two elements by using a neutralization reaction in an aqueous solution to obtain a composite hydroxide as a precursor.
- the usual co-precipitation method was sufficient, since only a small part of nickel was replaced by small amounts of other elements.
- a high level of technology is required, and it was impossible with the conventional method.
- the hydroxide which is a precursor obtained by the coprecipitation method
- the electrochemical characteristics of the battery when used in batteries are greatly affected by the particle shape. Differences occur, and it is difficult to control the differences with conventional methods. Since the firing temperature also has a significant effect on the electrochemical properties, an appropriate firing temperature should be selected.
- a coprecipitation method is preferable in order to form a solid solution of the two transition metal elements at the atomic level.
- Al 2 kinds of transition metal elements in the aqueous solution is dripped simultaneously present in the same valency remains the c is an ion (especially for nickel and manganese divalent ion) It is desirable to coprecipitate by neutralizing with force.
- manganese and nickel are used, manganese is very easily oxidized, and even dissolved oxygen present in a trace amount in an aqueous solution is sufficiently oxidized to convert Mn into trivalent ions.
- the mixture of divalent ions and trivalent ions makes the solid solution at the atomic level insufficient.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is bubbled into the aqueous solution to remove dissolved oxygen, or an antioxidant (reducing agent) such as hydrazine is used. It is preferable to take a method such as adding in an aqueous solution in advance. Therefore, the difference between the co-precipitation method and the conventional technology is that co-precipitation is performed in an inert atmosphere.
- the ratio of the two transition metal elements is 1: 1. Compounds having such a ratio have not been put to practical use.
- the synthesis method of the present invention is an improved coprecipitation method, and further devised firing conditions. Depending on the conditions of the coprecipitation method and the conditions of the subsequent firing, the shape of the particles of the obtained active material varies and the electrochemical properties change. You can choose.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental equipment used here. Nickel sulfate and manganese sulfate were used as raw materials.
- Hydroxide which is a precursor by coprecipitation, is obtained in this tube, but at the same time, a downward force (toward the bottom of the reaction vessel) is applied by a stirring rod installed in the tube. Hydroxide microcrystals obtained by this force collide with each other and grow crystals to form crystal grains.
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM (scanning electron microscope) photograph of the surface of a typical particle obtained in such a reaction tank.
- FIG. 3 shows a SEM (scanning electron microscope) photograph of a cross section of a typical particle obtained in such a reaction vessel. The magnifications of these photographs are 100,000, 300,000 and 300,000. From (a) and (b) in FIG. 2 and (a) and (b) in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the particles are substantially spherical. Also, (c) and
- Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the modified experimental equipment.
- the mixed solution is introduced into the reaction tank 6 from the supply port 5 by using the pump 4 and flows from the bottom of the reaction tank 6 upward.
- the material collecting section 7 is provided at the lower part of the equipment. Therefore, the crystal particles, which have grown to some extent and have increased specific gravity, settle down and reach the lower collecting part 7, but the undeveloped crystal particles are pushed back by the force of the solution flowing from the lower part, and The system does not fall down.
- FIG. (A), (b) and (c) in FIG. 5 show SEM photographs at a magnification of 1000 and 2000, respectively.
- the particles are a little different from the porous ones described above, and are filled with crystallites at a high density to form large spherical particles.
- the crystal particles may be hydroxides, but if aging during storage becomes a problem, they can be converted to oxides by drying and firing at a low temperature.
- porous spherical particles and high-density spherical particles can be produced by changing the conditions of the coprecipitation method according to the purpose.
- the particle size can be freely controlled from a small particle size to around 20 / m.
- the crystallinity that can be observed by X-rays can also be controlled by appropriately changing the temperature of the reactor.
- the obtained hydroxide or oxide as a precursor is mixed with a lithium source such as lithium hydroxide and calcined to obtain a desired cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- a lithium source such as lithium hydroxide
- lithium hydroxide may be used as a lithium source.
- lithium hydroxide When examining lithium carbonate, it was possible to obtain the desired single phase, but lithium hydroxide was more advantageous in terms of particle shape control and crystallinity.'Spherical nickel manganese hydroxide It is desirable to supply lithium uniformly even inside the (precursor).
- the lithium hydroxide first melts at a relatively low temperature, and lithium is supplied to the inside of the nickel manganese hydroxide particles. Then, as the temperature increases, gradually from the outside of the particles. It is ideal because the oxidation reaction occurs in
- lithium carbonate when lithium carbonate is used, the decarboxylation reaction must occur once. This reaction takes place at a higher temperature than in the case of lithium hydroxide. Therefore, the decarboxylation reaction and the oxidation reaction occur almost simultaneously. This is probably why lithium hydroxide is more advantageous in terms of particle shape control and crystallinity.
- the nickel manganese composite hydroxide which is the precursor, and lithium hydroxide are thoroughly mixed in a dry system.
- Figure 6 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the precursors prepared under various conditions.
- the dissolved oxygen is removed by bubbling an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon into the aqueous solution.
- an antioxidant reducing agent
- the reduction reaction proceeds, and the hydroxide as a precursor may be magnetized.
- the amount of hydrazine to be added varies depending on various conditions such as the size of the reaction vessel, temperature, pH, stirring speed, and concentration of the reactants.
- FIG. 6 (a) shows a material obtained by eutecticizing Ni, Mn and Co elements at a ratio of 1: 1: 1
- FIGS. 6 (b) to (j) show a material obtained by mixing Ni and Mn with 1: 1. Shows the material obtained by eutectic at the ratio of Looking at these peak patterns, it can be seen that there are two significant differences between (a) and (b) and the others.
- the performance of a positive electrode active material actually manufactured and the performance of a battery using the same may be slightly different depending on the lot, even if the positive electrode active material is manufactured under the same conditions.
- a positive electrode active material composed of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide is synthesized using the precursor of the present invention having the patterns shown in (a) and (b)
- the capacity of the obtained battery is reduced regardless of the lot.
- a positive electrode active material with little variation and a small capacity deterioration rate can be obtained.
- the firing atmosphere may be an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the study was conducted in a normal atmosphere.
- lithium-containing oxides represented by the formula (2) and wherein X is 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 were synthesized.
- the method of synthesis is as follows: When the nickel manganese composite hydroxide, which is a precursor prepared using the coprecipitation method, and lithium hydroxide are thoroughly mixed dry, the amount of lithium hydroxide is adjusted so that the above ratio is achieved. did.
- the obtained oxide was subjected to primary firing at 500 ° C. for 8 hours, pulverization with a Masco mouth, secondary firing at 950 ° C. for 10 hours, and 5 hours at 700 ° C. for 5 hours.
- FIG. 7 shows an X-ray diffraction image of the obtained active material.
- X is 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3
- a line diffraction pattern was observed. That is, it can be seen that they have almost the same crystal structure.
- the intensity of the peak of (003) increases, the peak intensity ratio of (003) and (104) changes.
- the integrated intensity ratio I of the X-ray diffraction peaks belonging to (03) and (104). . 3
- the range of ZI 1M may slightly deviate from I 003 / I 104 ⁇ 1.
- the coin-type battery was manufactured according to the following procedure.
- the positive electrode active material obtained at each firing temperature, acetylene black as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride resin as a binder (hereafter, “? ⁇ 0” 'and ⁇ ) were combined with 80: 10: 0: 1.
- the molded product was punched into a disk shape and dried in a vacuum at a temperature of 80 ° C. for about 15 hours to obtain a positive electrode.
- a sheet-shaped lithium metal was punched into a disk to form a negative electrode.
- a microporous polyethylene membrane was used as the separator, and the electrolyte was a mixture of EC (ethylene carbonate) and EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) in a ratio of 1: 3 (volume ratio), and 1 mol of LiPF 6 was prepared by dissolution.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- 1 mol of LiPF 6 was prepared by dissolution.
- a coin-type battery having a size of 20.16 (diameter of 20 mm and thickness of 1.6 mm) was produced by a conventional method.
- charging and discharging were repeated between 3.0 and 4.5 V at a constant current value equivalent to the 10-hour rate. In each case, it was found that a charge / discharge capacity of 150 mA hZ g or more was obtained at the initial stage, and that the discharge voltage was in the 4V class.
- Figure 9 shows a charge-discharge curve in L i [L i 0.2 (N i 1/2 M n) os] 0 2 of. 5 to 2. 5 V.
- This material is usually applied to batteries with a controlled potential of up to 4.3 V with respect to lithium metal.
- Li Co 2 the commonly used Li Co 2 .
- these controls fail, they will be overcharged. In other words, it is charged to around 5 V. Such becomes overcharged L i C 0_Rei 2 crystal structure is very unstable.
- L i N i 0 2 will be described in a fourth embodiment described later, the same applies to L i C o C 2 .
- the present invention provides that a new function is expressed by mixing approximately equal proportions of two kinds of transition metal, L i N i O 2 additive elements some traces of a reference material, such as The difference from the prior art, which attempts to stabilize the structure by adding GaN, will be described again based on experimental results.
- the thermal stability of the obtained material can be improved.
- the cycle life and polarization can be improved by adding other transition metals to A. It is also expected that combining these elements will improve their respective effects simultaneously.
- cobalt which is a transition metal
- polarization can be improved. Since it is important that the ratio of nickel and manganese be 1: 1, cobalt was added with approximately the same number of elements as nickel and manganese while maintaining this ratio.
- the amount of these additional elements is in the range of 5 to 35 mol% based on the total of the additional elements and the transition metal elements. If it is less than 5%, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 35%, there occurs a problem that the capacity is reduced. Further, it is preferable that the additional element other than cobalt is added only to the vicinity of the surface of the lithium-containing oxide constituting the crystal grains.
- the conductive agent in the positive electrode mixture used for producing the positive electrode according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery.
- graphites such as natural graphite (such as flaky graphite) and artificial graphite, carbon blacks such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; carbon fiber;
- Conductive fibers such as metal fibers, carbon fluoride, copper, nickel, aluminum and silver
- Examples include any metal powders, conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate, conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide, and organic conductive materials such as a polyphenylene derivative. These can be used alone or in any combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- artificial graphite, acetylene black and nickel powder are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the conductive agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 30% by weight.
- the content is particularly preferably 2 to 15% by weight.
- a preferred binder in the positive electrode mixture of the present invention is a polymer having a decomposition temperature of 300 ° C. or higher.
- Such polymers include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTF E), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene.
- FEP Polyethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PFA Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer
- Vinylidene fluoride Monofluorosiloxane copolymer Vinylidene fluoride Chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ET FE resin), polychlorinated trifluoroethylene (PCTFE), vinylidene fluoride-one-fluorofluoropropylene copolymer , Propylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene Examples include ethylene copolymer (ECTFE), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethylvinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. Can be. These can be used alone or in any combination as long as the effects of the
- the current collector of the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductor that does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery.
- the current collector may be made of, for example, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, various alloys and carbon, or a composite of aluminum or stainless steel having carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver treated on its surface. A body can also be used.
- the surface of these materials can be oxidized. Further, the surface of the current collector may be made uneven by surface treatment.
- the shape may be that employed in the field of batteries, for example, foil, film, sheet, net, punched, lath, porous, foam, fiber group, and the like. Nonwoven fabric and the like can be mentioned.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of l to 500 / zm is preferably used.
- the negative electrode material used in the present invention may be any compound capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, such as lithium, lithium alloy, alloy, intermetallic compound, carbon, organic compound, inorganic compound, metal complex, and organic polymer compound. I just need. These can be used alone or in any combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Lithium alloys include Li—A1 alloys (such as US Pat. No. 4,024,922), Li—A1_Mn alloys, Li—A1—Mg alloys, and Li—Al—S n-based alloys, L i — A l _ I n-based alloys, L i — A 1 — C d-based alloys-L i -A 1 -Te-based alloys, L i — Ga-based alloys — 25707 No. 2), L i — C d-based alloys, L i -I n -based alloys, L i -P b -based alloys. L i -B i -based alloys and L i _M g -based alloys Is raised. in this case.
- the lithium content is preferably at least 10% by weight.
- alloys and intermetallic compounds include compounds of transition metals and silicon and compounds of transition metals and tin. Particularly preferred are compounds of nickel or titanium and silicon.
- Carbonaceous materials include coke, pyrolytic carbons, natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, graphitized mesophase spherules, vapor-grown carbon, glassy carbons, carbon fibers (poly Acrylonitrile-based, pitch-based, cellulose-based, vapor-grown carbon-based), amorphous carbon, and calcined organic material. These may be used alone or in any combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Among them, graphite materials such as mesophase spheroids, natural graphite and artificial graphite are preferred.
- the carbonaceous material 0 in addition to carbon, B, P, N, S, and may include heterologous compounds such as S i C Contact and B 4 C.
- the content is preferably from 0 to 10% by weight.
- Examples of the inorganic compound include a tin compound and a silicon compound.
- Examples of the inorganic oxide include a titanium oxide, a tungsten oxide, a molybdenum oxide, a niobium oxide, a vanadium oxide, and an iron oxide.
- inorganic chalcogenides examples include iron sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, and titanium sulfide.
- organic polymer compound examples include polymer compounds such as polythiophene and polyacetylene
- nitride examples include cobalt nitride, copper nitride, nickel nitride, iron nitride, and manganese nitride.
- These negative electrode materials may be used in combination, for example, carbon and alloy Or a combination of carbon and an inorganic compound.
- the average particle size of the carbon material used in the present invention is preferably from 0.1 to 60 im. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 30 zm.
- the specific surface area of the carbon material is preferably 1 to 10 m 2 Zg.
- graphite with a carbon hexagonal plane spacing (d002) of 3.35 to 3.4 OA and a crystallite size (LC) in the c-axis direction (LC) of 100 A or more is preferable.
- a negative electrode material such as carbon
- i a small amount of i (about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode material) is contained in such a negative electrode material containing no Li, a part of L Even if i becomes inactive due to reaction with an electrolyte or the like, it is preferable because it can be replenished with Li contained in the negative electrode material.
- Li in order to include Li in the negative electrode material, for example, a heated and melted lithium metal is applied on a current collector to which the negative electrode material has been pressed to impregnate the negative electrode material with Li, or Lithium metal may be attached to the electrode group by crimping or the like, and L i may be electrochemically dropped in the negative electrode material in the electrolytic solution.
- the conductive agent in the negative electrode mixture is not particularly limited as long as it is an electronic conductive material that does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery.
- the carbonaceous material itself has electronic conductivity, and thus may or may not contain a conductive agent.
- the binder in the negative electrode mixture may be either a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin, but a preferred binder is a polymer having a decomposition temperature of 300 ° C. or more.
- the current collector of the negative electrode is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery.
- the current collector may be made of, for example, stainless steel, nickel, copper, titanium, or carbon, or a material obtained by treating the surface of copper or stainless steel with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver, A 1 — Cd alloy Are used.
- copper or copper alloy is preferred.
- the surface of these materials may be oxidized.
- the current collector surface may be made uneven by surface treatment.
- the shape of the positive electrode for example, a foil, a film, a sheet, a net, a punched material, a lath body, a porous body, a foamed body, and a molded body of a fiber group are used.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of l to 500 m is preferably used.
- a filler As the electrode mixture, a filler, a dispersant, an ionic conductive agent, a pressure enhancer, and other various additives can be used in addition to the conductive agent and the binder.
- a filler in the constructed battery, any fibrous material that does not cause a chemical change can be used.
- fibers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and other olefin polymers, glass, and carbon are used.
- the amount of the filler is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 30% by weight.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode according to the present invention are introduced for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the current collector and the mixture layer, the conductivity, the cycle characteristics, and the charge / discharge efficiency, in addition to the mixture layer containing the positive electrode active material or the negative electrode material.
- a protective layer introduced for the purpose of mechanical protection or chemical protection of the undercoat layer or the mixture layer.
- the undercoat layer and the protective layer can include a binder, conductive agent particles, and non-conductive particles.
- an insulating microporous thin film having a high ion permeability, a predetermined mechanical strength and an insulating property is used. Further, it is preferable to have a function of closing the hole at 80 ° C. or higher and increasing the resistance.
- a nonwoven fabric made of an olefin-based polymer such as polypropylene or polyethylene alone or in combination or glass fiber is used because of its organic solvent resistance and hydrophobicity.
- the pore size of the separator is desirably in a range that does not allow the active material, the binder, the conductive agent, and the like detached from the electrode sheet to permeate, and for example, desirably 0.1 to 1 m.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably 10 to 300 m.
- the porosity is determined according to the transparency of electrons and ions and the material and the film pressure, but is generally preferably 30 to 80%.
- the use of flame-retardant or non-combustible materials, such as glass and metal oxide films, will further improve battery safety.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte in the present invention is composed of a solvent and a lithium salt dissolved in the solvent.
- Preferred solvents are esters alone or mixed esters. Among them, cyclic carbonate, cyclic carboxylic acid S Tetra, acyclic carbonate, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester and the like are preferable. Further, a mixed solvent containing a cyclic carbonate and a non-cyclic force carbonate, and a mixed solvent containing a cyclic carboxylate and a cyclic carbonate are preferable.
- ester used for the non-aqueous solvent examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC) and vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Jetylcapone (DEC), Ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC) and Dipropylcarbonate
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC) and vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Jetylcapone (DEC), Ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC) and Dipropylcarbonate
- DPC methyl formate
- MA methyl acetate
- MA aliphatic carboxylate esters
- MP methyl propionate
- MA ethyl propionate
- GBL carboxylactone
- cyclic carbonate EC, PC, VC and the like are particularly preferable, as the cyclic carboxylic acid ester, GBL and the like are particularly preferable, and as the acyclic carbonate, DMC, DEC, EMC and the like are preferable. Those containing an aliphatic carboxylic acid ester are also preferable, if necessary.
- the content of the aliphatic carboxylic acid ester is 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, based on the total weight of the solvent.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution of the present invention may contain a known nonprotonic organic solvent in addition to the above ester containing 80% or more.
- lithium salt dissolved in the solvent for example L i C 1 0 4, L i BFL i PF 6, LL i A l C l L i S b F 6, L i S CN, L i CF 3 SO 3, L i CF 3 C0 2 , L i (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , L i As F 6 L i N (CF 3 S 0 2 ) 2 , L i B 10 C 110, lithium lower carboxylate, lithium chloroborane, lithium tetraphenylborate, L i N (CF 3 SO 2) (C 2 F 5 S O2), L i N (CF 3 SO 2) 2, L i N (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2, L i N (CF 3 SO 2) (C 4 F 9 SO 2) imide such as You can give a kind. These can be used alone or arbitrarily in combination with the electrolytic solution to be used within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention. Among them, it is particularly preferable to add
- Particularly preferred non-aqueous electrolyte solution in the present invention at least comprising ethylene force one Poneto and E chill methyl carbonate as a solvent, an electrolytic solution containing L i PF 6 as the lithium salt.
- an electrolyte containing GBL as a main solvent is also preferable.
- an additive such as VC is added by several percent, and Li BF 4 and Li N (except Li PF 6) as lithium salts are added. It is preferable to use a mixed salt of C 2 F 5 S ⁇ 2 ) 2 .
- the amount of these electrolytes to be added to the battery is not particularly limited, but may be used as required depending on the amounts of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode material and the size of the battery.
- the amount of the lithium salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 2 mo 1 Z liter. In particular, it is more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mol Z liter.
- This electrolyte is usually used by impregnating or filling a separator such as a porous polymer, a glass filter, or a nonwoven fabric.
- a separator such as a porous polymer, a glass filter, or a nonwoven fabric.
- a halogen-containing solvent such as carbon tetrachloride or ethylene trifluoride chloride can be contained in the electrolyte.
- carbon dioxide gas can be included in the electrolyte to make it suitable for high-temperature storage.
- Solid electrolytes are classified into inorganic solid electrolytes and organic solid electrolytes.
- inorganic solid electrolytes for example, Li nitrides, octogenides, and oxyacid salts are well known.
- L i 4 S i ⁇ 4 L i 4 S i O 4 - L i I - L i OH
- x L is P 0 4 - (l -x) L "S i OL i 2 S i S 3, LI 3P O 4-Li 2 S -Si S 2 , phosphorus sulfide compounds, etc. are effective.
- organic solid electrolyte examples include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyaziridine, polyethylene sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, and derivatives, mixtures, and composites thereof.
- Polymer materials such as body are effective.
- a gel electrolyte in which the above non-aqueous electrolyte is contained in an organic solid electrolyte can also be used.
- the organic solid electrolyte include polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, polyaziridine, polyethylene sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, and derivatives thereof, Polymer matrix materials such as mixtures and composites are effective.
- a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene—a mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethylene oxide is preferred.
- the shape of the battery can be any of coin type, button type, sheet type, cylindrical type, flat type, square type, etc.
- the shape of the battery is a coin type or a button type
- the mixture of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode material is mainly used after being compressed into a pellet shape.
- the thickness and diameter of the pellet may be determined according to the size of the battery.
- the mixture of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode material is mainly used after being applied (coated) on a current collector, dried, and compressed.
- a coating method a general method can be used. example Examples of the method include a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a blade method, a knife method, an extrusion method, a curtain method, a gravure method, a vacuum method, a casting method, a dip method, and a squeeze method. Among them, the blade method, the knife method and the extrusion method are preferred.
- the application is preferably carried out at a speed of 0.1 to 100 mZ.
- the coating may be performed on one side at a time or on both sides simultaneously. Further, it is preferable that the coating layer is provided on both sides of the current collector, and the coating layer on one surface may be composed of a plurality of layers including a mixture layer.
- the mixture layer contains not only substances related to lithium ion introduction and release, such as positive electrode active materials and negative electrode materials, but also binder layers and conductive materials.
- the layer without these active materials preferably contains conductive particles, insulating particles, and a binder.
- the application method may be continuous, intermittent, or striped.
- the thickness, length and width of the coating layer are determined according to the size of the battery, but the thickness of the coating layer on one side is preferably 1 to 2000 in a compressed state after drying.
- the temperature is preferably in the range of 80 to 350 ° C, particularly preferably in the range of 100 to 250 ° C.
- the water content is preferably 2000 ppm or less for the whole battery, and 500 ppm or less for each of the positive electrode mixture, the negative electrode mixture and the electrolyte. It is preferable in terms of cyclability.
- a method for pressing the sheet a generally used method can be used, but a die pressing method and a calendar pressing method are particularly preferable.
- the pressing pressure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 to 3 t / cm 2 .
- the press speed of the calender press method is preferably from 0.1 to 50 mZ.
- the pressing temperature is preferably from room temperature to 200 ° C.
- the width ratio of the positive electrode sheet to the negative electrode sheet is preferably from 0.9 to 1.1, and particularly preferably from 0.95 to 1.0.
- the content ratio of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode material varies depending on the type of compound and the treatment of the mixture, so it cannot be limited.
- the wound body of the electrode in the present invention does not necessarily have to be a true cylindrical shape, and may have a prismatic shape such as a long cylindrical shape or a rectangular shape having an elliptical cross section.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic vertical sectional view of the cylindrical battery manufactured in this example.
- An electrode group 14 in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are spirally wound a plurality of times through a separator is housed in a battery case 11. Then, the positive electrode lead 15 is drawn out from the positive electrode plate and connected to the sealing plate 12, and the negative electrode lead 16 is drawn out from the negative electrode plate and connected to the bottom of the battery case 11.
- a metal or an alloy having an organic electrolyte resistance and electron conductivity can be used.
- metals such as iron, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, copper, and aluminum or alloys thereof are used.
- the battery case is made of stainless steel plate and A 1 — Mn alloy plate
- the most preferred is aluminum for the positive electrode lead and nickel for the negative electrode lead.
- various engineering plastics and a combination thereof with a metal can be used to reduce the weight.
- An insulating ring 17 is provided on each of the upper and lower portions of the electrode plate group 14. Then, the electrolyte is injected, and the battery case is sealed using a sealing plate. At this time, a safety valve can be provided on the sealing plate.
- various conventionally known safety elements may be provided. For example, fuses, pi-metals, PTC elements, etc. are used as overcurrent prevention elements.
- a method of making a cut in the battery case a method of cracking a gasket, a method of cracking a sealing plate, or a method of cutting from a lead plate can be used.
- a protection circuit incorporating measures for overcharging and overdischarging may be connected to the charger.
- a method of interrupting the current by increasing the internal pressure of the battery can be provided.
- a compound for increasing the internal pressure can be contained in the mixture or the electrolyte.
- L i 2 C_ ⁇ as compounds to increase the inner pressure 3 L i HC 0 3, N a 2 C_ ⁇ 3, N a HC_ ⁇ 3, C a C_ ⁇ 3 and M g C_ ⁇ 3 carbonates etc. Is raised.
- Known methods eg, DC or AC electric welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding, etc.
- the sealing agent for sealing a conventionally known compound or mixture such as asphalt can be used.
- the positive electrode plate was produced as follows. 10 parts by weight of carbon powder as a conductive agent and 5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride resin as a binder are mixed with 85 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material powder of the present invention. These are dispersed in dehydrated N-methylpyrrolidinone to obtain a slurry, coated on a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil, dried and rolled, and then cut into a predetermined size.
- the negative electrode plate is the main material A mixture of a carbonaceous material and a styrene-butadiene rubber-based binder at a weight ratio of 100: 5 is applied to both sides of a copper foil, and the copper foil is dried and rolled. It is cut to size.
- Separay is a microporous film made of polyethylene. Further, in the organic electrolyte solution, ethylene force Poneto and E chill methyl carbonate volume ratio of 1: in a mixed solvent of 1, was used after the L i PF 6 1. dissolving 5 moles Z liters.
- the fabricated cylindrical battery has a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 O mm.
- the positive electrode active material is represented by the formula (2): Li [ Lix (NiMn ⁇ )) 2 , where X is 0, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3. The substance was used.
- the conditions for checking the capacity are as follows. First, charging was performed at a constant voltage of 4.2 V with a maximum current of 1 A. Charging was terminated when the current value reached 50 mA. Discharge was performed at a constant current of 300 mA to 2.5 V. The discharge capacity obtained at this time was defined as the discharge capacity of the battery. The charge and discharge atmosphere was performed at 25 ° C. For the high-rate discharge ratio, when the battery capacity is 1 C, the respective discharge capacities are measured using a 5-hour rate discharge current value (0.2 C) and a 0.5-hour rate discharge current value (2 C). It is expressed as a capacity ratio of 0, 2 C / 2 C.
- the low-temperature discharge ratio is the discharge capacity ratio between the case of discharging at 20 ° C and the case of discharging at 110 ° C at 1 C current (shown as 110: ⁇ 20 ° ⁇ ). did.
- the cycle life is the capacity ratio to the initial capacity at the time of 100 cycles.
- the oxide represented by L i [L i (N i, / 2 M n) .-x] ⁇ 2 is used as the positive electrode active material, charge and discharge are repeated at almost the same discharge voltage as described above. Returned. Also, as can be seen from Table 2, as the value of X increases, the battery capacity decreases, and the charge / discharge capacity can be controlled by freely controlling the number of lithium elements within the above range.
- the present invention in which a positive electrode active material that performs such charge / discharge behavior is non-electrochemically synthesized, provides a guideline for a new material design.
- Example 2 Reduction of polarization Li N i ⁇ 2 and L i M n 0 2 are not considered to have very good electron conductivity. As a result, large polarization occurs at the end of discharge, and the capacity is reduced particularly during high-rate discharge. Nickel and manganese have different electronic structures. However, when they form a solid solution at the atomic level, they interact with the electronic structure of nearby dissimilar elements.
- this phenomenon in particular acts to improve the electronic conductivity of the material, and can impart electrical conductivity. This may be clarified by computational chemistry such as DV-X.
- the composition of the oxide is L i N i 1/2 M n 1/2 0 2
- the polarization is clearly reduced as compared with the case of L i N i ⁇ 2 or i M n ⁇ 2.
- the formula: was synthesized oxide represented by L i C o 1/3 N i 1/3 M n wC. The same test as the high-rate discharge rate measurement shown in Table 3 was performed on the battery shown in FIG.
- Table 3 shows that the high-rate discharge rate was improved by the addition of the cobalt element. This is thought to be due to the fact that polarization occurs at the end of discharge and the discharge voltage drops sharply. This was improved by improving the voltage drop in this area. Similar effects are observed when the same element is added.
- L i N i ⁇ 2 becomes very unstable when L i is discharged after charging, and is released to N i 0 by releasing oxygen at a relatively low temperature. This is fatal when used as a positive electrode active material for batteries, and it is expected that the generated oxygen will lead to thermal runaway of the battery, that is, ignition or rupture.
- Example 2 This can also be improved by dissolving manganese in a 1: 1 ratio.
- the battery used in Example 1 was overcharged to 4.8 V. After that, the battery was disassembled and the positive electrode mixture was taken out. This material was directly subjected to a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement. Table 4 shows the exothermic peaks observed at the lowest temperature obtained.
- charcoal was used as the active material of the negative electrode.
- an element was used, the present invention is not limited to this, and an alloy, lithium metal, or an oxide or nitride having a relatively low potential can also be used.
- electrolyte a volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and Echirumechiruka Ichipo sulfonate 1: in a mixed solvent of 1, but using the 1 6 1. those 5 mol / liter dissolved, limitation
- an organic or inorganic solid electrolyte can also be used. Examples 4 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 9: Peak of precursor
- a mixed solution of 1.2 mol / liter nickel sulfate aqueous solution, 1.2 mol Z liter aqueous manganese sulfate solution and 1.2 mol / liter cobalt sulfate aqueous solution, and 4.8 mol / liter N a OH aqueous solution and a 4.8 mol / liter NH 3 solution were introduced into the reaction vessel 6 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 at a rate of 0.5 milliliter / minute, and nickel manganese cobalt which was the precursor a of the present invention was A composite hydroxide was obtained.
- the dissolved oxygen in the reaction tank was purged by bubbling with argon gas.
- hydrazine was added while adjusting so that a magnetic substance such as excessively reduced Co ⁇ was not mixed in the precursor as a reactant.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of this precursor a is shown in (a) of FIG.
- the temperature was raised to 0 ° C, and firing was performed at that temperature for 10 hours.
- the temperature is lowered after the completion of the firing, the material is once cooled at 700 ° C. for 5 hours and then cooled, and the positive electrode active material a (L i N i 1 / 3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 0 2 ) was obtained (Example 4).
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of this precursor is shown in Fig. 6 (b).
- annealing is once performed at 700 ° C. for 5 hours, followed by cooling, and then the positive electrode active material b (L i N i, / 2 M ni / 20 2) was obtained (example 5).
- nickel manganese 1: 1 nickel manganese hydroxide c ⁇ :! (Comparative Examples 2 to 9) and their X-ray diffraction patterns are shown in (c) to (j) of FIG. Also, using these hydroxides c to j and lithium hydroxide, the positive electrode active materials c to! (Comparative Examples 2 to 9).
- a coin-type battery was manufactured according to the following procedure.
- the positive electrode active materials a to i obtained at each firing temperature, acetylene black as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride resin (hereinafter, referred to as PVDF) as a binder were added in a weight ratio of 80:10:10.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride resin
- This molded product was punched into a disk shape and dried at 80 ° C. for about 15 hours in a vacuum to obtain a positive electrode.
- a sheet-shaped lithium metal was punched into a disk to form a negative electrode.
- a polyethylene microporous membrane was used for the separation, and the electrolyte was 1 mol L in a 1: 3 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of EC (ethylene carbonate) and EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- a coin-type battery of size 20.16 (diameter of 20 mm and thickness of 1.6 mm) is manufactured by a conventional method, and a constant current value corresponding to a 10-hour rate is obtained. At 4.3 V.
- the discharge capacity per gram of the positive electrode active material was determined, and the results are shown in Table 5.
- a cheap nickel manganese composite oxide can be utilized effectively as a positive electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte battery with high capacity and favorable charge / discharge efficiency can be provided.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002576035A JP4080337B2 (ja) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-11-07 | 正極活物質およびこれを含む非水電解質二次電池 |
EP01981016A EP1296391A4 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-11-07 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERY CONTAINING THE MATERIAL |
US10/333,269 US7592100B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-11-07 | Positive-electrode active material and nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery containing the same |
KR10-2002-7015749A KR100489509B1 (ko) | 2001-03-22 | 2001-11-07 | 양극활물질 및 이것을 포함하는 비수전해질(非水電解質)이차전지 |
US11/976,491 US7682747B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2007-10-25 | Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the same |
US12/007,617 US7718318B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2008-01-14 | Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the same |
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US11/976,491 Division US7682747B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2007-10-25 | Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the same |
US12/007,617 Division US7718318B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2008-01-14 | Positive electrode active material and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing the same |
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US7682747B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
KR20030038543A (ko) | 2003-05-16 |
CN1287474C (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
CN1430795A (zh) | 2003-07-16 |
KR100489509B1 (ko) | 2005-05-16 |
EP1296391A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 |
US20080096111A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
US20080193844A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
US7592100B2 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
EP1296391A4 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
US7718318B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
JPWO2002078105A1 (ja) | 2004-07-15 |
US20030170540A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
JP4080337B2 (ja) | 2008-04-23 |
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