JP6889213B2 - 正極活物質、その製造方法およびこれを含む正極とリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、その製造方法およびこれを含む正極とリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6889213B2 JP6889213B2 JP2019151920A JP2019151920A JP6889213B2 JP 6889213 B2 JP6889213 B2 JP 6889213B2 JP 2019151920 A JP2019151920 A JP 2019151920A JP 2019151920 A JP2019151920 A JP 2019151920A JP 6889213 B2 JP6889213 B2 JP 6889213B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- lithium
- electrode active
- cobalt oxide
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 99
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 60
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
要性が増大して、リチウム二次電池の研究が活発に行われている。
14.060Å≦c≦14.069Å
前記リチウム金属の合金としては、リチウムと、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Fr、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Si、Sb、Pb、In、Zn、Ba、Ra、Ge、Al、およびSnからなる群より選択される金属の合金が使用できる。
以下、実施例を通じて、上述した本発明の態様をより詳細に説明する。ただし、下記の実施例は、単に説明の目的のためのものであり、本発明の範囲を制限するわけではない。
CoCO3を5℃/minの昇温速度で900℃まで昇温させ、900℃で5時間維持した後、5℃/minの減温速度で25℃まで減温する条件で熱処理を実施して、CoOが含まれているコバルト酸化物(Co3O4)を製造した。
リチウムカーボネートと平均粒径が4μmのコバルト酸化物とを0.97:1のモル比で1050℃で熱処理して、平均粒径が5μmのLiCoO2(小粒リチウムコバルト酸化物)を製造した。
リチウムカーボネートと4μmのコバルト酸化物とを0.97:1のモル比で1050℃で熱処理して、平均粒径が5μmのLiCoO2(小粒リチウムコバルト酸化物)を製造した。
リチウムヒドロキシド(LiOH)とCo(OH)2とを1:1のモル比となるように混合して混合物を製造した。
実施例1による正極活物質96重量%、ケッチェンブラック2重量%、およびポリビニリデンフルオライド2重量%を、N−メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合して正極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記正極活物質スラリーをAl箔にコーティング、乾燥および圧延して正極を製造した。前記正極、リチウム金属対極、および電解質を用いて半電池を製造した。前記電解質は、1.0M LiPF6の溶解したエチレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートとの混合溶媒(1:1の体積比)を使用した。
実施例1による正極活物質の代わりに、実施例2および実施例3による正極活物質をそれぞれ用いて、実施例5および実施例6による半電池を製造した。
実施例1による正極活物質の代わりに、比較例1による正極活物質をそれぞれ用いて、比較例2による半電池を製造した。
CoCO3を800℃、850℃、および900℃で熱処理して、生成されたコバルト酸化物のX線回折(X−Ray Diffraction)分析を行った。光源はCu Kα線を用い、10°≦2θ≦80°の範囲、1°/minのスキャン速度で測定した。その結果を図3に示す。図3を参照すれば、900℃以上の温度で熱処理されたコバルト酸化物でのみ、CoO構造を有する酸化コバルトのX線回折ピークが観察されたことを確認できる。
実施例1および比較例1による正極活物質のCu Kα線を用いてX線回折パターンを測定し、その結果を表1に示した。
実施例1、実施例3、および比較例1により製造された正極活物質のペレット密度を評価する。ペレット密度は、正極活物質3.0000g(誤差範囲±0.0004g)の範囲内で測定して記録した。前記正極活物質を、13mmサイズのKBrペレットダイ(Pellet Die)を用いて、プレッサー4トンで30秒維持して高さの減少分を測定後、体積あたりの重量を測定した。このうち、実施例1、実施例3、および比較例1の正極活物質の測定結果を、下記表2に記載する。
実施例1〜3および比較例1により製造された正極活物質の合剤密度を評価する。前記合剤密度は、正極活物質97重量%、ケッチェンブラック1.5重量%、およびバインダー1.5重量%をN−メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合して正極活物質スラリーを製造し、前記正極活物質スラリーをAl箔(基材)にコーティング、乾燥およびプレッサー圧力ごとに圧延して、一般的な圧力での合剤密度と基材ストレスを反映した最大合剤密度を測定した。このうち、実施例1、実施例3、および比較例1の正極活物質の測定結果を、下記表2に記載する。
実施例1、および比較例1により製造された正極活物質の熱的安定性を評価する。実施例1、および比較例1により製造された正極活物質を含む実施例4〜6および比較例2による半電池を0.1Cで4.5Vまで充電した後、電池を解体して正極活物質を回収した後、示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)を利用して熱的安定性を評価する。このうち、実施例1と比較例1による正極活物質のDSC評価結果を、表3と図4に記載する。図4は、実施例1と比較例1による正極活物質の示差走査熱量測定法(DSC)の評価結果を示すグラフである。
実施例4〜6および比較例2により製造された半電池を0.1Cで1回充放電を実施して、初期充放電効率を評価した。前記半電池を0.1Cで1回充放電した後、0.1Cで4.5Vカット−オフ充電後、定電圧条件で0.05Cカット−オフ充電した後、定電流条件で1.0C、3.0Vカット−オフ条件で放電して1C放電容量を測定した。1C放電容量/0.1C放電容量を求めて、率特性を評価した。前記半電池を、常温(25℃)、定電流条件で1.0C(1.0C=160mAh/g)で4.5Vカット−オフ充電後、定電圧条件で0.05Cカット−オフ充電した後、定電流条件で1.0C、3.0Vカット−オフ条件で放電する充放電を50回進行させて、寿命維持率を評価した。その結果を下記表4に示した。
10:複数の一次粒子
20:一次粒子
100:リチウム二次電池
112:負極
113:セパレータ
114:正極
120:電池容器
140:封入部材
Claims (15)
- 平均粒径が15μm〜25μmの二次粒子を含み、
前記二次粒子は、平均粒径が2μm〜10μmの複数の一次粒子を含むリチウムコバルト酸化物を含み、
前記リチウムコバルト酸化物はLiCoO 2 であり、
正極活物質のペレット密度は、3.80g/cm3以上、3.90g/cm 3 以下であり、
前記リチウムコバルト酸化物のc軸の格子定数(lattice constant)cが、下記の範囲を満足する、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質:
14.060Å≦c≦14.069Å。 - 前記正極活物質のペレット密度は、3.80g/cm3〜3.85g/cm3である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記二次粒子は、10%以下の内部気孔率を有する、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記二次粒子の内部気孔は、5nm以下の大きさを有する、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子の平均粒径と前記二次粒子の平均粒径との比は、1:3〜1:12である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記二次粒子の最も長い径を含むように切断された断面上において、前記一次粒子の断面が8個以上である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムコバルト酸化物上に、Mn、Zn、Ti、およびCoから選択される少なくとも1つの金属を含有する酸化物がコーティングされている、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、第1リチウムコバルト酸化物と異なる第2リチウムコバルト酸化物をさらに含み、
前記第2リチウムコバルト酸化物の平均粒径は2μm〜10μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 第1リチウムコバルト酸化物と第2リチウムコバルト酸化物は、6:4〜9:1の重量比で含まれる、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 第1リチウムコバルト酸化物および第2リチウムコバルト酸化物の少なくとも1つは、Mn、Zn、Ti、およびCoから選択される少なくとも1つの金属を含有する酸化物をさらに含む、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- コバルト−含有化合物を900℃以上の温度で熱処理して、Co3O4およびCoOを含むコバルト酸化物を形成し、
リチウム化合物を添加し、前記コバルト酸化物と前記リチウム化合物を反応させて、リチウムコバルト酸化物を製造することによって請求項1によるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を製造する、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記リチウム化合物は、コバルトに対するリチウムのモル比が0.8〜1.0となるように添加される、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 集電体と、
正極活物質層とを含み、
前記正極活物質層は、
請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池用正極。 - 前記正極の電極密度は、4g/cm3以上である、請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項13に記載の正極と、
負極と、
電解質とを含むリチウム二次電池。
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CN106159244A (zh) | 2016-09-27 | 2016-11-23 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种锂电池正极材料其制备方法及动力用锂离子电池 |
CN107799764A (zh) | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-13 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | 一种高压实密度523型三元正极材料的制备方法 |
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EP3617153A1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
EP3766838A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
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