TW507392B - Separator for a high energy rechargeable lithium battery - Google Patents

Separator for a high energy rechargeable lithium battery Download PDF

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Publication number
TW507392B
TW507392B TW090106202A TW90106202A TW507392B TW 507392 B TW507392 B TW 507392B TW 090106202 A TW090106202 A TW 090106202A TW 90106202 A TW90106202 A TW 90106202A TW 507392 B TW507392 B TW 507392B
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Taiwan
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separator
layer
inorganic particles
group
mixtures
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TW090106202A
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English (en)
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Zhengming Zhang
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Celgard Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/434—Ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/443—Particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/491—Porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

507392 A7 B7 五、發明説明（彳） 發明範圍 本文係揭示一種高能再充電鋰電池之分離器和高能再充 電鋰電池。 發明背景 一個高能再充電鋰電池具有能量容積至少為372毫安培-小 時/克（mAh/g)之陽極。此類的陽極包括例如，鐘金屬、經合 金（如·鋰鋁）、及鋰金屬或鋰合金和例如碳、鎳、和銅材料 之混合物。此類的陽極，不包括僅有鋰之陽極。 基於持續不斷的安全問題，商業上成功的鋰金屬或鋰合 金電池，已經避開除了一次電池之外的所有電池。 關於使用前述陽極的困難點，主要係源自於，反覆充電 放電循環後所產生之鋰樹枝體。（然而，如此技術中所熟知 者，樹枝體的生長係任何鋰電池的潛在問題，此問題的嚴 重性對上述高能電池而言，係更甚於其他的鋰陽極（例如·純 碳嵌入的陽極）。當鋰樹枝體成長並穿過分離器時，則會發 生電池内部的短路（任何陰極與陽極的直接接觸均稱為"電 子"短路（electronic shorting)，而藉由樹枝體的接觸所造成者 係一種電氣短路之一種）。一些由非常小的樹枝體造成之 短路（亦即，輕微短路（soft short)，或許只會降低電池循環效 率。但是，.其他的短路可能會導致鋰電池熱逸散，此係一 個再充電鋰電池嚴重的安全問題。 此陽極樹枝體成長之無法控制，仍為一個問題，而此問 題會限制具有此等陽極之電池（特別是具有液態有機電解質 之電池）的商業化。 O:\70\70012-910606.DOQ 4 - 4 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐） 2 五、發明説明（ 有必要改進咼能再充電鋰電池。 概要 本發明係說明高能再充電鋰 分離器包括至少，組二二也：離"及對應電池。此 層包括Α機 曰 〆一聚合微孔層。陶瓷 ，二Γ二 的混合物和—基質材科。此陶资層，至少 =且：樹枝體的成長並防止電氣短路。聚合物層，至少 U、，..、逸散的情況下，阻播陰極與陽極間離子的流動。 凰·^的詳細銳曰t 為了說月本發明，因此以圖式顯示較佳的形式；然而， 怎知本發明並不受限於所示準確的排列與配置β 圖ι·鍾金屬電池的截面圖 圖2·分離器的橫截面圖 的詳細說明 、圖式中，相同的數字表示相同的元件，此在圖這金屬電 池（battery或cell)1(3中顯示。鐘金屬電池1〇含有一錢金屬陽 極12，一陰極14，和配置在陽極12及陰極14間之分離器μ ，其全部被包裝在罐20内。用以說明的電池1〇為圓柱狀的 電池或”膠凍捲”電池，但本發明並無此限制。其他的構形 ，例如棱形、鈕釦狀電池、或聚合電池亦包括在内。除此 之外，電解‘質並未示出。此電解質可能係液狀（有機或無機 的）或膠狀（或聚合物）。本發明為了方便，將敘述關於具有 液.¾有機電解液圓柱狀電池，但本發明不會因此而受限， 且可以發現可使用於其他電池型態（e.g·能量儲存系統，組 合電池和電容器）和構形。 -5- O:\70\70012*910606.DOC\ 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(21〇X 297公愛) 507392 A7 B7五、發明説明（3 ) 陽極12之能量容量應大於或等於372毫安培小時/克，較佳 係2 700毫安培小時/克，且最佳係-1000毫安培小時/克。 陽極12可由鐘金屬箔或鐘合金箔（例如.11銘合金），或鐘金 屬及/或鐘合金和例如碳（如焦炭、石墨）、鎳、銅的材料之 混合物構成。陽極12不是單獨只由嵌入含鋰化合物或插入 含鋰化合物而製成。 陰極.14可以是任何能與陽極相容之陰極，且其可包括有 後入化合物、插入化合物、或電化學活性聚合物。合適的 後入材料，包括例如·· MoS2、FeS2、Mn02、TiS2、NbSe3 、LiCo〇2、LiNi〇2、LiMn2〇4、V6〇i3、V2O5、和 C11CI2 0 合 適的聚合物包括例如聚乙炔、聚 咯、聚苯胺、聚吩。 電解質可以為液狀或膠態（或聚合物）。電解質一般主要係 由鹽類和介質組成（例如·液體電解質之介質可以被視為溶劑 :在膠態電解質之介質可為一聚合物基質）。此鹽類可為 鋰鹽。鋰鹽可包括，例如LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiCF3S〇3、 LiN(CF3S03) 3、LiBF6、和 LiC104，BETTE 電解質（可購自明 尼蘇達州明尼亞玻理斯（Minneapolis)之3M公司之商品），和 其結合物。溶劑可包括例如，乙二醇碳酸酯（EC)、丙二醇 碳酸酯（PC)、EC/PC、2-MeTHF(2-甲基四氫 喃）/EC/PC、 EC/DMC(碳酸二甲酯）、EC/DME(二甲基乙烷）、EC/DEC(碳 酸二乙酯）、EC/EMC(碳酸乙基甲酯）、EC/EMC/DMC/DEC 、EC/EMC/DMC/DEC/PE、PC/DME、及 DME/PC。聚合物 基質可以包括例如PVDF(聚偏二氟乙婦）、PVDF : THF(PVDF :四氫喃）、PVDF : CTFE(PVDF :氯三氟乙婦 O:\7O\70012-910606.000 4 -6-
裝 訂
緣 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) A7 B7 4 五、發明説明（ )、PAN(聚丙缔）、和pE〇(聚氧化乙缔）。 見圖 其中示出分離器16。分離器16含有一陶资組 :m和氷合微孔層24。此陶資:組合層係至少適於防止 私氣L路（例如·陰極和陽極之直接或物理接觸）和阻擋樹 枝體的成長。聚合微孔層係至少適於在熱逸散期間能阻 擋（或停止）陰極與陽極間離子之傳導（或流動）。分離器16之 Π瓷、、且口層22 ’必須有足夠的傳導性，以使離子能在陰極 與陽極足間流動，而能由電池產生所需量的電流。層22和 24應彼此黏附好，亦即，應該不會發生分離。層22和24可 藉由層壓法、共擠出法、或塗佈法所形成。陶資;組合層22 可以為塗佈層或分離層，此二者之厚度可為0.001微米到50 微米的範圍，較佳係在〇〇1微米到25微米的範圍。聚合微 孔層24較佳為一分離膜，其厚度為5微米到5〇微米的範圍， 較佳係在12微米到25微米的範圍。分離器16整體的厚度係 k 5微米到1〇〇微米的範圍，較佳係在12微米到5〇微米的範 圍。 陶资組合層22含有一基質材料26，其中無機粒子28散佈 於其中不同處。陶瓷組合層22係無孔洞的（當然，一旦與電 解質接觸則可能產生一些孔洞，但層22之離子導電性主要 是決定於所選擇的基質材料26與粒子28)。層22之基質材料 26與前述的聚合物基質（亦即·以上討論有關之電解質介質） 至少在作用上不同。亦即，基質材料26係分離器的一部份 ’其在某種程度上，可藉由防止樹枝體的成長，來防止電 氣短路；而聚合物基質會受限於帶有被解離鹽類之介質（電 O:\70\70012-910606.DOCN 4 本紙張尺度適财目國家標準(CNS) A4规格(2獻297公董) 507392 A7 B7 五、發明説明（5 ) 流藉此在電池中傳導）。除此之外，此基質材料26也可如前 述的聚合物基質（例如.帶著電解質的鹽類）進行相同之作用 。基質材料26約包含陶瓷組成物層22的5-80重量％，無機粒 子28約包含層22的20-95重量％。較佳係組合層22，包含30 重量％-75重量％的無機粒子。最佳係組合層22包含40重量 %-60重量％之無機粒子。 基質.材料26可以為離子導電性或不導電性，所以任何被 建議用於鋰聚合電池或固態電解電池之形成膠體的聚合物 均可使用。基質材料26，可以選自於例如聚氧化乙稀（PEO) 、聚偏二氟乙晞（PVDF)、聚四氟乙晞（PTFE)、聚胺基甲酸 乙酯、聚丙婦 （PAN)、聚甲基甲基丙烯酸酯（PMMA)、聚 四甘醇二丙婦酸g旨、其共聚物、和其混合物。較佳之基質 材料係PVDF和/或PEO及其共聚物。PVDF共聚物包括 PVDF:HFP(聚偏二氟乙婦：六氟丙晞），和PVDF:CTFE(聚偏 二氟乙婦：氯三氟乙婦）。最佳之基質材料包括 PVDF:CTFE(其中 CTFE 少於23重量 ％)、PVDFrHFP(其中 HFP 少於28重量％)、任何形式的PEO、與其混合物。 無機粒子28在正常情況下被認為係非導電性的，然而， 當這些粒子與電解質接觸時會顯現出（但是，本發明並不希 望因此而被限制）發展超導的表面，此種表面會改善分離器 16之導電性（降低電阻）。無機粒子28可以選自於例如二氧化 矽（Si02)、氧化鋁（Al2〇3)、碳酸鈣（CaC03)、二氧化鈦 (Ti02)、SiS2、SiP04、和其類似物、或其混合物。較佳之 無機粒子係Si02、Al2〇3、及CaC03。這些粒子的平均粒子 0:V70\70(H2-910606.DOC\ 4 - 8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐） 507392 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 大小範圍係從0.001微米到25微米，最好係在0.01微米到2微 米。 聚合微孔層24包括任何商業上可得到的微孔膜（例如.單層 或多層），例如由北卡羅莱納州之查羅特（Charlotte)西爾 格得公司（Celgard Inc·)、日本東京旭化成（Asahi Chemical) 、和曰本東京多南（Tonen)公司製造。層24孔率的範圍係在 20-80%，較佳係在28-60%。層24的平均孔徑大小範圍係從 0.02微米到2微米，較佳係在0.08微米到0.5微米。層24之葛 利數（Gurley Number)在15到150秒的範圍，較佳係在30到 80秒的範圍。（葛利數係指10 cc的空氣在12.2英吋的水中 ，通過1平方英吋膜的時間）。層24較佳係聚晞烴。較佳之 聚婦烴包括聚乙婦與聚丙烯。聚乙晞係最佳的。 前述之分離器雖然主要被設計使用於高能再充電鋰電池 ，但其亦可用在其他有樹枝體成長問題的電池系統。 前面之敘述將更進一步用下列非限定的例子來說明。 實例 於35 °C，高剪混合下，將60份之細碳酸鈣粒子，40份 PVDF : HFP(Kynar 2801)， 溶解在100份的丙酮中3小時。 將此溶液倒在15微米的薄膜上。丙酮在室溫下蒸發後，組 合膜在與2層（8微米）Celgard 2801膜加熱層壓。所得組合關 閉分離器之結構係PE/組合物/PE，其厚度為30微米。 於35eC，高剪混合下，將30份二氧化矽，30份碳酸鈣， 40份PVDF : HFP(Kynar 2801)，溶解在100份丙酮中3小時。 將此溶液倒入或塗佈在23微米之聚乙婦微孔層（其由Celgard O:\70\70012-910606.DOQ 4 - 9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐） 507392 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 )
Inc.所製造）上。丙酮在室溫下蒸發後，此聚乙烯/組合物之 薄膜厚度為38微米。 本發明可以其他特定形式具體實施而不會偏離其精神或 主要特質，因此，當表示本發明範圍時，應參考附加之申 請專利範圍而非前述之說明書。 O:\70\70012-910606.DOQ 4 - 1〇 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. A B c D 、申請專利範圍 • 一種高能再充電鋰電池之分離器，其包括： 至少一陶瓷組合層，該層包括在基質材料中之無機粒 子混合物；該層至少適於阻擋樹枝體成長並防止電 氣短路；及 至少一聚合微孔層，該層適於阻擋陰極與陽極間離子 的流動。 2·如申請專利範圍第i項之分離器，其中該混合物包括20重 量％到95重量％之無機粒子，和5重量％到8〇重量％之基 質材料。 & 如申4專利範圍第1項之分離器，其中該無機粒子係選自 由下列各物組成之群：Si02、 Al2〇3、 CaC03 、Ti〇2 、SiS2、 SiPCU及其類似物、與其混合物。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之分離器，其中該基質材料係選自 由下列各物組成之群··聚氧化乙烯、聚偏二氟乙婦、聚四 氟乙烯、聚胺基甲酸乙酯、聚丙晞、聚甲基甲基丙烯 酸、聚四甘醇二丙缔酸酯、其共聚物、和其混合物。 5·如申請專利範圍第1項之分離器，其中該聚合微孔層係聚 缔烴膜。 6·如申請專利範圍第5項之分離器，其中該聚烯烴膜係聚乙 缔膜。 1 · 一種高能再充電鋰電池之分離器，其包括： 至少一陶瓷組合層或塗佈層，該層包括2〇到95重量％ 之無機粒子（其係選自由下列各物組成之群：Si〇2、 Al2〇3、CaC〇3、Ti〇2、SiS2、SiP04及其類似物、 O:\70\70012-9106O6.DOO 5 - 1 1 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(2i〇x297公爱） -m ----—.
    C8 D8 申請專利範圍 與其混合物）’和5到80重量❶/。之基質材料（其係選自 由下列各物組成之群··聚氧化乙烯、聚偏二氟乙缔 、聚四氟乙缔、前述的共聚物、和其中混合物）之 混合物； 至少一聚埽烴微孔層，其孔率為2〇-8〇%，平均孔徑大 小為0.02到2微米，及葛利數（Gudey Number)為15 到150秒。 8·如申請專利範圍第7項之分離器，其中該無機粒子的平均 t子大小範圍在0.001到24微米。 如申凊專利範圍第7項之分離器，其中該無機粒子係選自 由下列各物組成之群：Si〇2、Ai2〇3、CaC〇3、和其混合 物。 〇·如申4專利範圍第7項之分離器，其中該基質材料係選自 由下列各物組成之群：聚偏二氟乙缔和/或聚氧化乙婦、 其共永物、和其混合物。 11 · 一種高能再充電鋰電池，其包括： 1%極，其含有鍾金屬或鐘合金，或經金屬和/或鐘合 金和其他材料之混合物； 一陰極； 一如申請專利範圍第丨-10項之分離器，其係配置在該 陰極與該陽極之間；和 私解貝’其係藉由該分離器使該陰極與該陽極間進 行離子傳遞。 12· —種用在能量儲存系統之分離器，其包括： O:\70\70012-910606.DOD 5 - 12 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐） 507392 A8 B8 C8
    至少一陶瓷組合層或塗佈層，該層包含2〇到95重量％ 之無機粒子（其係選自由下列各物組成之群：Si〇2 、Al2〇3、 CaC〇3 、Ti〇2、 SiS2、 SiP〇4及其類 似物、與其混合物），和5到8〇重量。/❶之基質材料（其 係選自由下列各物組成之群：聚氧化乙婦、聚偏二 氟乙烯、聚四氟乙晞、前述共聚物、和其混合物）之 混合物，該層至少適於阻斷樹枝體的成長並防止電 氣知1路；和 至少一聚婦烴微孔層，其孔率為20-80%，平均孔徑大 小為0.02到2微米，及葛利數為15到150秒，該層適 於阻斷陰極與陽極之間的離子流動。 -13- O:\7O\70012-910606.DOC 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
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CA2340876A1 (en) 2001-10-10

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