CN108292203A - 基于设备间对话通信的主动协助 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的系统和过程。在一个示例过程中，当建立电子设备与第二电子设备之间的语音通信时，可接收与第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流。响应于检测到用户输入，可生成包含在音频数据流的一部分中的语音的文本表示。该过程可确定文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息。响应于确定文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，可执行基于该信息的一个或多个任务。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年12月23日提交的名称为“PROACTIVE ASSISTANCE BASED ONdialog communication BETWEEN DEVICES”的美国临时申请62/387,547和2016年5月31日提交的名称为“PROACTIVE ASSISTANCE BASED ON dialog communication BETWEENDEVICES”的美国非临时申请15/169,348的优先权，出于所有目的，这两个申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本申请总体涉及智能自动化助理，更具体地讲，涉及基于设备间对话通信的主动协助。
背景技术
智能自动化助理(或数字助理)可在人类用户和电子设备之间提供有利界面。此类助理可允许用户使用自然语言以口语形式和/或文本形式与设备或系统进行交互。例如，用户可向正在电子设备上运行的数字助理提供包含用户请求的言语输入。数字助理可从该言语输入解译用户意图并且将用户意图操作化成任务。随后可通过执行电子设备的一个或多个服务来执行这些任务，并且可将响应于用户请求的相关输出返回给用户。
通常，可使用电子设备的专用用户界面来实现数字助理。为了获取来自数字助理的协助，用户可能需要导航到专用用户界面并向数字助理提供用户请求。此类动作可能很麻烦，尤其是当用户已经将电子设备用于其他功能时(例如，打电话或对文本消息做出响应)。这可能限制数字助理的应用和效用，从而限制了数字助理的广泛采用。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的系统和过程。在一个示例过程中，当建立电子设备与第二电子设备之间的语音通信时，可接收与第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流。响应于检测到用户输入，可生成包含在音频数据流的一部分中的语音的文本表示。该过程可确定文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息。响应于确定文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，可执行基于该信息的一个或多个任务。
在另一个示例过程中，可接收与第二电子设备的用户相关联的文本。可检测用户输入。响应于检测到用户输入，该过程可确定文本的一部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息。响应于确定该文本的该部分包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，可基于该信息执行一个或多个任务。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据各种示例的用于实现数字助理的系统和环境的框图。
图2A是示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备的框图。
图2B是示出了根据各种示例的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。
图3示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备。
图4是根据各种示例的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。
图5A示出了根据各种示例的用于便携式多功能设备上的应用的菜单的示例性用户界面。
图5B示出了根据各种示例的用于具有与显示器分开的触敏表面的多功能设备的示例性用户界面。
图6A示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备。
图6B是示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备的框图。
图7A是示出了根据各种示例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的框图。
图7B示出了根据各种示例的图7A所示的数字助理的功能。
图7C示出了根据各种示例的知识本体的一部分。
图8A-图8B示出了根据各种示例的用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的过程。
图9A-图9D示出了根据各种示例的用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的电子设备的示例性用户界面。
图10示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
具体实施方式
在以下对示例的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示的方式示出了可被实践的特定示例。应当理解，在不脱离各种示例的范围的情况下，可使用其他示例并且可作出结构性变更。
在用户的电子设备和第二电子设备之间的对话通信(例如，电话呼叫、即时消息、视频电话呼叫等)期间，用户在电子设备上查找信息或执行其他任务(例如，创建日历事件)可能不便利。这可能是因为电子设备正在显示对话通信所需的信息(例如，在即时消息期间)，或者因为电子设备被定位成靠着用户的面部(例如，在电话呼叫期间)。此外，电子设备的用户可能需要将其注意力集中于与对话通信的其他一个或多个参与者的通信而不是在电子设备上执行其他任务。本文描述了用于基于设备间对话通信提供主动协助的技术。该技术使得能够基于设备间对话通信来预计和执行相关任务。在一个示例过程中，可在电子设备和第二电子设备之间建立对话通信。可接收与第二电子设备相关联的对话。可以确定该对话是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息。该多种类型的信息可为用户可能感兴趣的信息(例如，联系人信息、位置、媒体项等)。响应于确定该对话包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，可执行基于该信息的一个或多个任务。通过基于所接收的对话主动执行相关任务，用户的注意力可集中于与对话通信的其他一个或多个参与者通信，而不是在电子设备上执行其他任务(例如，查找联系人信息或日历信息)。此外，用户将不需要导航到与数字助理相关联的独立界面以在对话通信期间获取协助。这样可以改善用户体验，并且还改善利用电子设备进行人际沟通的质量。
尽管以下描述使用术语第一、第二等来描述各种元素，但这些元素不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一个元素与另一个元素区分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例的范围的情况下，第一用户输入可被称为第二用户输入，并且类似地，第二用户输入可被称为第一用户输入。第一用户输入和第二用户输入两者都可以是输入，并且在一些情况下可为独立且不同的输入。
在本文中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。还应当理解，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联地列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还将理解的是，术语“包括”(“includes”“including”“comprises”和/或“comprising”)当在本说明书中使用时指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、部件、和/或其分组。
根据上下文，术语“如果”可被解释为意指“当......时”(“when”或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定......”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可以被解释为意指“在确定......时”或“响应于确定......”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
1.系统和环境
图1示出了根据各种示例的系统100的框图。在一些示例中，系统100可实现数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”可指解译语音形式和/或文本形式的自然语言输入以推断用户意图并且基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了遵循所推断的用户意图，系统可执行以下中的一者或多者：标识具有被设计用于实现所推断的用户意图的步骤和参数的任务流，将来自所推断的用户意图的特定要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等执行任务流；以及以可听(例如，语音)和/或可视形式来生成对用户的输出响应。
具体地，数字助理可能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求可寻求数字助理作出信息性回答，或寻求数字助理执行任务。针对用户请求的令人满意的响应可以是提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务，或这两者的组合。例如，用户可向数字助理提出问题，诸如“我现在在哪里？”基于用户的当前位置，数字助理可回答“您在中央公园西门附近。”用户还可请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友下周来参加我女朋友的生日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求，并然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送至用户的电子地址簿中列出的用户朋友中的每个朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时可在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还可提供其他视觉形式或音频形式的响应，例如作为文本、警报、音乐、视频、动画等。
如图1中所示，在一些示例中，数字助理可根据客户端-服务器模型来实现。数字助理可包括在用户设备104上执行的客户端侧部分102(后文称作“DA客户端102”)，以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102可通过一个或多个网络110来与DA服务器106进行通信。DA客户端102可提供客户端侧功能，诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，以及与DA服务器106进行通信。DA服务器106可为任意数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能，该任意数量的DA客户端102各自位于相应的用户设备104上。
在一些示例中，DA服务器106可包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据和模型116，以及至外部服务的I/O接口118。面向客户端的I/O接口112可促进针对DA服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114可利用数据和模型116来处理语音输入，并基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图。此外，一个或多个处理模块114基于推断出的用户意图来进行任务执行。在一些示例中，DA服务器106可通过一个或多个网络110来与外部服务120进行通信，以完成任务或采集信息。至外部服务的I/O接口118可促进此类通信。
用户设备104可以是任何合适的电子设备。例如，用户设备可以是便携式多功能设备(例如，下面参考图2A描述的设备200)、多功能设备(例如，下面参考图4描述的设备400)或个人电子设备(例如，下面参考图6A-图6B描述的设备600)。便携式多功能设备可以是例如还包含诸如PDA和/或音乐播放器功能的其他功能的移动电话。便携式多功能设备的特定示例可包括来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的设备、iPod设备和设备。便携式多功能设备的其他示例可包括但不限于膝上型计算机或平板电脑。此外，在一些示例中，用户设备104可以是非便携式多功能设备。具体地，用户设备104可以是台式计算机、游戏机、电视、或电视机顶盒。在一些示例中，用户设备104可包括触敏表面(例如，触摸屏显示器和/或触摸板)。此外，用户设备104可任选地包括一个或多个其他物理用户界面设备，诸如物理键盘、鼠标、和/或操纵杆。下文更详细地描述了电子设备诸如多功能设备的各种示例。
一个或多个通信网络110的示例可包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)，例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110可使用任何已知的网络协议来实现，包括各种有线或无线协议，诸如例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。
服务器系统108可在计算机的一个或多个独立式数据处理装置或分布式网络上实施。在一些示例中，服务器系统108还可采用第三方服务提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统108的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可经由第二用户设备122来与DA服务器106进行通信。第二用户设备122可与用户设备104相似或相同。例如，第二用户设备122可类似于下文参考图2A、图4和图6A-图6B描述的设备200、400或600。用户设备104可被配置为经由直接通信连接诸如蓝牙、NFC、BTLE等或者经由有线或无线网络诸如局域Wi-Fi网络而通信地耦接至第二用户设备122。在一些示例中，第二用户设备122可被配置为充当用户设备104与DA服务器106之间的代理。例如，用户设备104的DA客户端102可被配置为经由第二用户设备122来向DA服务器106传输信息(例如，在用户设备104处接收的用户请求)。DA服务器106可处理该信息并经由第二用户设备122来将相关的数据(例如，响应于用户请求的数据内容)返回到用户设备104。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可被配置为将针对数据的缩略请求传送到第二用户设备122，以减少从用户设备104传输的信息量。第二用户设备122可被配置为确定添加到缩略请求的补充信息，以生成完整的请求，从而传输到DA服务器106。该系统架构可有利地通过使用具有较强通信能力和/或电池电力的第二用户设备122(例如，移动电话、膝上型计算机、平板电脑等)作为至DA服务器106的代理而允许具有有限通信能力和/或有限电池电力的用户设备104(例如，手表或类似的紧凑型电子设备)访问由DA服务器106所提供的服务。虽然图1中仅示出两个用户设备104和122，但应当理解，系统100可包括在此代理配置中被配置为与DA服务器系统106进行通信的任意数量和类型的用户设备。
虽然图1中所示的数字助理可包括客户端侧部分(例如，DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如，DA服务器106)两者，但在一些示例中，数字助理的功能可被实现为被安装在用户设备上的独立式应用。此外，数字助理的客户端部分和服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的具体实施中可变化。例如，在一些示例中，DA客户端可以是仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能并将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。
2.电子设备
现在将注意力转至用于实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的电子设备的实施方案。图2A是示出了根据一些实施方案具有触敏显示器系统212的便携式多功能设备200的框图。触敏显示器212有时为了方便被叫做“触摸屏”，并且有时被称为或被叫做“触敏显示器系统”。设备200包括存储器202(其任选地包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质)、存储器控制器222、一个或多个处理单元(CPU)220、外围设备接口218、RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、输入/输出(I/O)子系统206、其他输入控制设备216和外部端口224。设备200任选地包括一个或多个光学传感器264。设备200任选地包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265，该一个或多个接触强度传感器用于检测设备200(例如，触敏表面，诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212)上的接触的强度。设备200任选地包括用于在设备200上生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267(例如，在触敏表面诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212或设备400的触摸板455上生成触觉输出)。这些部件任选地通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线203来进行通信。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的那样，触敏表面上的接触的术语“强度”是指触敏表面上的接触(例如，手指接触)的力或压力(每单位面积的力)，或是指触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物(代用物)。接触的强度具有值范围，该值范围包括至少四个不同的值并且更典型地包括上百个不同的值(例如，少256个)。接触的强度任选地使用各种方法和各种传感器或传感器的组合来确定(或测量)。例如，在触敏表面下方或相邻于触敏表面的一个或多个力传感器任选地用于测量触敏表面上的不同点处的力。在一些具体实施中，来自多个力传感器的力测量被合并(例如，加权平均数)，以确定估计的接触力。类似地，触笔的压敏顶端任选地用于确定触笔在触敏表面上的压力。另选地，在触敏表面上检测到的接触面积的尺寸和/或其变化、邻近接触的触敏表面的电容和/或其变化、和/或邻近接触的触敏表面的电阻和/或其变化任选地被用作触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代测量直接用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值以与替代物测量对应的单位来描述)。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代测量被转换成估计的力或压力，并且估计的力或压力用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值为以压力的单位进行测量的压力阈值)。使用接触的强度作为用户输入的属性，从而允许用户访问用户在尺寸更小的设备上可能本来不能访问的附加设备功能，该尺寸更小的设备具有有限的实地面积以用于(例如，在触敏显示器上)显示示能表示和/或接收用户输入(例如，经由触敏显示器、触敏表面或物理控件/机械控件，诸如旋钮或按钮)。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“触觉输出”是指将由用户利用用户的触感检测到的设备相对于设备的先前位置的物理位移、设备的部件(例如，触敏表面)相对于设备的另一个部件(例如，外壳)的物理位移、或部件相对于设备的质心的位移。例如，在设备或设备的部件与用户对触摸敏感的表面(例如，手指、手掌或用户手部的其他部分)接触的情况下，通过物理位移生成的触觉输出将由用户解释为触感，该触感与设备或设备的部件的物理特征的所感知的变化对应。例如，触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器或触控板)任选地由用户解释为对物理致动按钮的“按下点击”或“松开点击”。在一些情况下，用户将感觉到触感，诸如“按下点击”或“松开点击”，即使在通过用户的移动而物理地被按压(例如，被移位)的与触敏表面相关联的物理致动按钮没有移动时。作为另一个示例，即使在触敏表面的光滑度无变化时，触敏表面的移动也会任选地由用户解释为或感测为触敏表面的“粗糙度”。虽然由用户对触摸的此类解释将受到用户的个体化感官知觉的限制，但是有许多触摸的感官知觉是大多数用户共有的。因此，当触觉输出被描述为与用户的特定感官知觉(例如，“松开点击”、“按下点击”、“粗糙度”)对应时，除非另外陈述，否则所生成的触觉输出与设备或其部件的物理位移对应，该物理位移将会生成典型(或普通)用户的所描述的感官知觉。
应当理解，设备200仅是便携式多功能设备的一个示例，并且设备200任选地具有比所示出的更多或更少的部件，任选地组合两个或更多个部件，或者任选地具有这些部件的不同配置或布置。图2A中所示的各种部件以硬件、软件或硬件与软件两者的组合来实现，包括一个或多个信号处理电路和/或专用集成电路。
存储器202可包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质。该计算机可读存储介质可以是有形的和非暂态的。存储器202可包括高速随机存取存储器并且还可包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备。存储器控制器222可控制设备200的其他部件访问存储器202。
在一些示例中，存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质用于存储指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备取出指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合使用。在其他实施中，指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)可被存储在服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质(未示出)上，或者可在存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间划分。在本文档的上下文中，“非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可包括或存储程序以供指令执行系统、装置和设备使用或与其结合的任何介质。
外围设备接口218可用于将设备的输入外围设备和输出外围设备耦接到CPU 220和存储器202。一个或多个处理器220运行或执行存储在存储器202中的各个软件程序和/或指令集，以执行设备200的各种功能以及处理数据。在一些实施方案中，外围设备接口218、CPU 220和存储器控制器222可在单个芯片诸如芯片204上实现。在一些其他实施方案中，它们可在单独的芯片上实现。
RF(射频)电路208接收和发送也被叫做电磁信号的RF信号。RF电路208将电信号转换为电磁信号/将电磁信号转换为电信号，并且经由电磁信号来与通信网络以及其他通信设备进行通信。RF电路208任选地包括用于执行这些功能的熟知的电路，包括但不限于天线系统、RF收发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、数字信号处理器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块(SIM)卡、存储器等等。RF电路208任选地通过无线通信来与网络以及其他设备进行通信，该网络为诸如互联网(也被称为万维网(WWW))、内联网、和/或无线网络，诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)。RF电路208任选地包括用于诸如通过近程通信无线电部件来检测近场通信(NFC)场的熟知的电路。无线通信任选地使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，包括但不限于全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)、高速上行链路分组接入(HSUPA)、演进、纯数据(EV-DO)、HSPA、HSPA+、双小区HSPA(DC-HSPDA)、长期演进(LTE)、近场通信(NFC)、宽带码分多址(W-CDMA)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、蓝牙低功耗(BTLE)、无线保真(Wi-Fi)(例如，IEEE 802.11a、IEEE 802.11b、IEEE 802.11g、IEEE 802.11n和/或IEEE802.11ac)、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、电子邮件协议(例如，互联网消息访问协议(IMAP)和/或邮局协议(POP))、即时消息(例如，可扩展消息处理和存在协议(XMPP)、用于即时消息和存在利用扩展的会话发起协议(SIMPLE)、即时消息和存在服务(IMPS))和/或短消息服务(SMS)，或者任何其他适当的通信协议，包括在本文档提交日期时尚未开发出的通信协议。
音频电路210、扬声器211和麦克风213提供用户和设备200之间的音频接口。音频电路210从外围设备接口218接收音频数据，将音频数据转换为电信号，并将电信号传输到扬声器211。扬声器211将电信号转换为人类可听见的声波。音频电路210还接收由麦克风213从声波转换的电信号。音频电路210将电信号转换为音频数据并将音频数据传输到外围设备接口218，以用于处理。音频数据可由外围设备接口218从存储器202和/或RF电路208进行检索和/或被传输至该存储器和/或RF电路。在一些实施方案中，音频电路210还包括耳麦插孔(例如，图3中的312)。该耳麦插孔提供音频电路210与可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备之间的接口，该可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备诸如仅输出的耳机或者具有输出(例如，单耳耳机或双耳耳机)和输入(例如，麦克风)两者的耳麦。
在一些示例中，音频电路210可包括缓冲区(例如，存储器)以存储从外围设备接口218接收的音频数据。缓冲区还可存储从麦克风213的电信号转换的音频数据。缓冲区可以是圆形缓冲区。圆形缓冲区可以是连续覆盖其内容的先进先出(FIFO)缓冲区。缓冲区可以是任何大小，例如10或20秒。在一些示例中，音频电路210可利用存储器202来存储音频数据。
I/O子系统206将设备200上的输入/输出外围设备诸如触摸屏212和其他输入控制设备216耦接至外围设备接口218。I/O子系统206任选地包括显示控制器256、光学传感器控制器258、强度传感器控制器259、触觉反馈控制器261，以及用于其他输入或控制设备的一个或多个输入控制器260。该一个或多个输入控制器260从其他输入控制设备216接收电信号/将电信号发送到其他输入控制设备216。其他输入控制设备216任选地包括物理按钮(例如，下压按钮、摇臂按钮等)、拨号盘、滑动开关、操纵杆、点击轮等。在一些另选实施方案中，输入控制器260任选地耦接至以下各项中的任一者(或不耦接至以下各项中的任一者)：键盘、红外线端口、USB端口以及指针设备诸如鼠标。该一个或多个按钮(例如，图3中的308)任选地包括用于扬声器211和/或麦克风213的音量控制的增大/减小按钮。该一个或多个按钮任选地包括下压按钮(例如，图3中的306)。
快速按下下压按钮可解除触摸屏212的锁定或者开始使用触摸屏上的手势来对设备进行解锁的过程，如在2005年12月23日提交的名称为“Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image”(通过在解锁图像上执行手势解锁设备)的美国专利申请11/322,549即美国专利7,657,849中所述的，上述美国专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文。更长地按下下压按钮(例如，306)可使设备200开机或关机。用户能够对一个或多个按钮的功能进行自定义。触摸屏212用于实现虚拟按钮或软按钮以及一个或多个软键盘。
触敏显示器212提供设备和用户之间的输入接口和输出接口。显示控制器256从触摸屏212接收电信号和/或将电信号发送至触摸屏212。触摸屏212向用户显示视觉输出。该视觉输出可包括图形、文本、图标、视频、以及它们的任意组合(统称为“图形”)。在一些实施方案中，一些视觉输出或全部的视觉输出可对应于用户界面对象。
触摸屏212具有基于触觉和/或触感接触来接受来自用户的输入的触敏表面、传感器或传感器组。触摸屏212和显示控制器256(与存储器202中的任何相关联的模块和/或指令集一起)检测触摸屏212上的接触(和该接触的任何移动或中断)，并且将所检测到的接触转换为与被显示在触摸屏212上的用户界面对象(例如，一个或多个软键、图标、网页或图像)的交互。在一个示例性实施方案中，触摸屏212和用户之间的接触点与用户的手指对应。
触摸屏212可使用LCD(液晶显示器)技术、LPD(发光聚合物显示器)技术、或LED(发光二极管)技术，但是在其他实施方案中可使用其他显示技术。触摸屏212和显示控制器256可使用现在已知的或以后将开发出的多种触摸感测技术中的任何触摸感测技术以及其他接近传感器阵列或用于确定与触摸屏212的一个或多个接触点的其他元素来检测接触及其任何移动或中断，该多种触摸感测技术包括但不限于电容性技术、电阻性技术、红外技术和表面声波技术。在一个示例性实施方案中，使用投射式互电容感测技术，诸如在Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的和iPod中发现的技术。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可类似于以下美国专利中所述的多点触敏触摸板：6,323,846(Westerman等人)、6,570,557(Westerman等人)和/或6,677,932(Westerman)；和/或美国专利公开2002/0015024A1，这些专利中的每个据此全文以引用方式并入本文。然而，触摸屏212显示来自设备200的视觉输出，而触敏触摸板不提供视觉输出。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可如以下申请中所描述的：(1)2006年5月2日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”的美国专利申请11/381,313；(2)2004年5月6日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touchscreen”的美国专利申请10/840,862；(3)2004年7月30日提交的名称为“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请10/903,964；(4)2005年1月31日提交的名称为“Gestures For TouchSensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/048,264；(5)2005年1月18日提交的名称为“Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/038,590；(6)2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Virtual Input DevicePlacement On A Touch Screen User Interface”的美国专利申请11/228,758；(7)2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface”的美国专利申请11/228,700；(8)2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Activating Virtual KeysOf A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard”的美国专利申请11/228,737；以及(9)2006年3月3日提交的名称为“Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”的美国专利申请11/367,749。所有这些专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文。
触摸屏212可具有超过100dpi的视频分辨率。在一些实施方案中，触摸屏具有约160dpi的视频分辨率。用户可使用任何合适的对象或附加物诸如触笔、手指等来与触摸屏212接触。在一些实施方案中，将用户界面设计用来主要与基于手指的接触和手势一起工作，由于手指在触摸屏上的接触面积较大，因此这可能不如基于触笔的输入那样精确。在一些实施方案中，设备将基于手指的粗略输入翻译为精确的指针/光标位置或命令，以用于执行用户所期望的动作。
在一些实施方案中，除了触摸屏之外，设备200可包括用于激活或去激活特定功能的触摸板(未示出)。在一些实施方案中，该触摸板为设备的触敏区域，该触敏区域与触摸屏不同，其不显示视觉输出。触摸板可以是与触摸屏212分开的触敏表面，或者是由触摸屏形成的触敏表面的延伸部分。
设备200还包括用于为各种部件供电的电力系统262。电力系统262可包括电力管理系统、一个或多个电源(例如，电池、交流电(AC))、再充电系统、电力故障检测电路、功率变换器或逆变器、电源状态指示器(例如，发光二极管(LED))和与便携式设备中的电力的生成、管理和分配相关联的任何其他部件。
设备200还可包括一个或多个光学传感器264。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的光学传感器控制器258的光学传感器。光学传感器264可包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光电晶体管。光学传感器264从环境接收通过一个或多个透镜而投射的光，并且将光转换为表示图像的数据。结合成像模块243(也称为相机模块)，光学传感器264可捕获静态图像或视频。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于与设备前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对的设备200的后部上，使得触摸屏显示器可被用作用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集的取景器。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备前部上，使得在用户在触摸屏显示器上查看其他视频会议参与者时可获取该用户的图像以用于该视频会议。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器264的位置可由用户改变(例如，通过旋转设备外壳中的透镜和传感器)，使得单个光学传感器264可与触摸屏显示器一起使用，以用于视频会议和静态图像和/或视频图像采集两者。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的强度传感器控制器259的接触强度传感器。接触强度传感器265任选地包括一个或多个压阻应变仪、电容式力传感器、电气力传感器、压电力传感器、光学力传感器、电容式触敏表面或其他强度传感器(例如，用于测量触敏表面上的接触的力(或压力)的传感器)。接触强度传感器265从环境接收接触强度信息(例如，压力信息或压力信息的代用物)。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还可包括一个或多个接近传感器266。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的接近传感器266。另选地，接近传感器266可耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。接近传感器266可如以下美国专利申请中所述的那样执行：No.11/241,839，名称为“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”；No.11/240,788，名称为“ProximityDetector In Handheld Device”；No.11/620,702，名称为“Using Ambient Light SensorTo Augment Proximity Sensor Output”；No.11/586,862，名称为“Automated ResponseTo And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”；以及No.11/638,251，名称为“Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals”，这些美国专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，当多功能设备被置于用户的耳朵附近时(例如，当用户正在进行电话呼叫时)，接近传感器关闭并且禁用触摸屏212。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的触觉反馈控制器261的触觉输出发生器。触觉输出发生器267任选地包括一个或多个电声设备诸如扬声器或其他音频部件；和/或将能量转换成线性运动的机电设备诸如电机、螺线管、电活性聚合器、压电致动器、静电致动器或其他触觉输出生成部件(例如，用于将电信号转换成设备上的触觉输出的部件)。接触强度传感器265从触觉反馈模块233接收触觉反馈生成指令，并且在设备200上生成能够由设备200的用户感觉到的触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近，并且任选地通过竖直地(例如，向设备200的表面内/外)或侧向地(例如，在与设备200的表面相同的平面中向后和向前)移动触敏表面来生成触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还可包括一个或多个加速度计268。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的加速度计268。另选地，加速度计268可耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。加速度计268可如名称为“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for PortableElectronic Devices”的美国专利公开20050190059和名称为“Methods And ApparatusesFor Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer”的美国专利公开20060017692中所述的那样执行，这两个美国专利公开均全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，信息基于对从一个或多个加速度计所接收的数据的分析而在触摸屏显示器上以纵向视图或横向视图被显示。设备200任选地除了加速度计268之外还包括磁力仪(未示出)和GPS(或GLONASS或其他全球导航系统)接收器(未示出)，以用于获取关于设备200的位置和取向(例如，纵向或横向)的信息。
在一些实施方案中，存储于存储器202中的软件部件包括操作系统226、通信模块(或指令集)228、接触/运动模块(或指令集)230、图形模块(或指令集)232、文本输入模块(或指令集)234、全球定位系统(GPS)模块(或指令集)235、数字助理客户端模块229以及应用(或指令集)236。此外，存储器202可存储数据和模型，诸如用户数据和模型231。此外，在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470(图4)存储设备/全局内部状态257，如图2A和图4中所示。设备/全局内部状态257包括以下中的一者或多者：活动应用状态，其指示哪些应用(如果有的话)当前是活动的；显示状态，其指示什么应用、视图或其他信息占据触摸屏显示器212的各个区域；传感器状态，包括从设备的各个传感器和输入控制设备216获取的信息；以及关于设备的位置和/或姿态的位置信息。
操作系统226(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、iOS、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、功率管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动程序，并且促进各种硬件部件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块228促进通过一个或多个外部端口224来与其他设备进行通信，并且还包括用于处理由RF电路208和/或外部端口224所接收的数据的各种软件部件。外部端口224(例如，通用串行总线(USB)、火线等)适于直接耦接到其他设备，或间接地通过网络(例如，互联网、无线LAN等)进行耦接。在一些实施方案中，该外部端口为与(Apple Inc.的商标)设备上所使用的30针连接器相同的或类似的和/或与其兼容的多针(例如，30针)连接器。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测与触摸屏212(结合显示控制器256)和其他触敏设备(例如，触摸板或物理点击轮)的接触。接触/运动模块230包括各种软件部件以用于执行与接触的检测相关的各种操作，诸如确定是否已发生接触(例如，检测手指按下事件)、确定接触的强度(例如，接触的力或压力，或者接触的力或压力的替代物)、确定是否存在接触的移动并跟踪在触敏表面上的移动(例如，检测一个或多个手指拖动事件)、以及确定接触是否已停止(例如，检测手指抬起事件或接触断开)。接触/运动模块230从触敏表面接收接触数据。确定接触点的移动任选地包括确定接触点的速率(量值)、速度(量值和方向)和/或加速度(量值和/或方向的改变)，接触点的移动由一系列接触数据来表示。这些操作任选地被应用于单点接触(例如，单指接触)或者多点同时接触(例如，“多点触摸”/多个手指接触)。在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230和显示控制器256检测触摸板上的接触。
在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230使用一组一个或多个强度阈值来确定操作是否已由用户执行(例如，确定用户是否已“点击”图标)。在一些实施方案中，根据软件参数来确定强度阈值的至少一个子集(例如，强度阈值不是由特定物理致动器的激活阈值来确定的，并且可在不改变设备200的物理硬件的情况下被调节)。例如，在不改变触控板或触摸屏显示器硬件的情况下，触控板或触摸屏显示器的鼠标“点击”阈值可被设置为预定义的阈值的大范围中的任一个阈值。另外，在一些具体实施中，向设备的用户提供用于调节一组强度阈值中的一个或多个强度阈值(例如，通过调节各个强度阈值和/或通过利用对“强度”参数的系统级点击来一次调节多个强度阈值)的软件设置。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测用户的手势输入。触敏表面上的不同手势具有不同的接触图案(例如，所检测到的接触的不同运动、定时和/或强度)。因此，任选地通过检测特定的接触模式来检测手势。例如，检测手指轻击手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后在与手指按下事件相同的位置(或基本上相同的位置)处(例如，在图标的位置处)检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。作为另一个示例，在触敏表面上检测手指轻扫手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后检测一个或多个手指拖动事件，并且随后检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。
图形模块232包括用于在触摸屏212或其他显示器上呈现和显示图形的各种已知的软件部件，包括用于改变所显示的图形的视觉冲击(例如，亮度、透明度、饱和度、对比度或其他视觉属性)的部件。如本文所用，术语“图形”包括可被显示给用户的任何对象，非限制性地包括文本、网页、图标(诸如，包括软键的用户界面对象)、数字图像、视频、动画等。
在一些实施方案中，图形模块232存储待使用的表示图形的数据。每个图形任选地被分配有对应的代码。图形模块232从应用等接收用于指定待显示的图形的一个或多个代码，在必要的情况下还接收坐标数据和其他图形属性数据，并且然后生成屏幕图像数据，以输出至显示控制器256。
触感反馈模块233包括用于生成指令的各种软件部件，该指令由一个或多个触觉输出发生器267使用，以响应于用户与设备200的交互而在设备200上的一个或多个位置处产生触觉输出。
可以是图形模块232的部件的文本输入模块234提供用于在多种应用(例如，联系人237、电子邮件240、即时消息241、浏览器247和需要文本输入的任何其他应用)中输入文本的软键盘。
GPS模块235确定设备的位置，并提供该信息以供在各种应用中使用(例如提供给电话238以供在基于位置的拨号中使用；提供给相机243作为图片/视频元数据；以及提供给提供基于位置的服务的应用，诸如天气桌面小程序、本地黄页桌面小程序和地图/导航桌面小程序)。
数字助理客户端模块229可包括各种客户端侧数字助理指令，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。例如，数字助理客户端模块229可能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种用户界面(例如，麦克风213、加速度计268、触敏显示器系统212、光学传感器229、其他输入控制设备216等)来接受声音输入(例如，语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块229也可能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种输出界面(例如，扬声器211、触敏显示器系统212、一个或多个触觉输出发生器267等)来提供音频形式输出(例如，语音输出)、视觉形式输出、和/或触觉形式输出。例如，可将输出提供为语音、声音、提示、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块229可使用RF电路208来与DA服务器106进行通信。
用户数据与模型231可包括与用户相关联的各种数据(例如，特定于用户的词汇数据、用户偏好数据、用户指定名称发音、来自用户电子地址簿的数据、待办事项、购物清单等)，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。此外，用户数据和模型231可包括用于处理用户输入并确定用户意图的各种模型(例如，语音识别模型、统计语言模型、自然语言处理模型、知识本体、任务流模型、服务模型等)。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可利用便携式多功能设备200的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从便携式多功能设备200的周围环境采集附加信息，以建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至DA服务器106，以帮助推断用户意图。在一些示例中，数字助理还可使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其递送给用户。上下文信息可被称为上下文数据。
在一些示例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息可包括传感器信息，例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些示例中，上下文信息还可包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在一些示例中，可将与DA服务器106的软件状态相关的信息(例如运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等)和与便携式多功能设备200的软件状态相关的信息作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供至DA服务器106。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可响应于来自DA服务器106的请求而选择性地提供被存储在便携式多功能设备200上的信息(例如，用户数据231)。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229还可在DA服务器106请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户界面的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块229可将该附加输入传送至DA服务器106，以帮助DA服务器106进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
下面参考图7A-图7C对数字助理进行更详细的描述。应当认识到，数字助理客户端模块229可包括下文所述的数字助理模块726的任意数量的子模块。
应用236可包括以下模块(或指令集)或者其子集或超集：
·联系人模块237(有时称为地址簿或联系人列表)；
·电话模块238；
·视频会议模块239；
·电子邮件客户端模块240；
·即时消息(IM)模块241；
·健身支持模块242；
·用于静态图像和/或视频图像的相机模块243；
·图像管理模块244；
·视频播放器模块；
·音乐播放器模块；
·浏览器模块247；
·日历模块248；
·桌面小程序模块249，其可包括以下各项中的一者或多者：天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4、字典桌面小程序249-5和由用户获取的其他桌面小程序以及用户创建的桌面小程序249-6；
·用于形成用户创建的桌面小程序249-6的桌面小程序创建器模块250；
·搜索模块251；
·视频和音乐播放器模块252，其合并视频播放器模块和音乐播放器模块；
·记事本模块253；
·地图模块254；和/或
·在线视频模块255。
可被存储在存储器202中的其他应用236的示例包括其他文字处理应用、其他图像编辑应用、绘图应用、演示应用、支持JAVA的应用、加密、数字版权管理、语音识别和语音复制。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，联系人模块237可被用于管理地址簿或联系人列表(例如，存储在存储器202或存储器470中联系人模块237的应用内部状态292中)，包括：添加姓名到地址簿；从地址簿删除姓名；将电话号码、电子邮件地址、物理地址或其他信息与姓名关联；将图像与姓名进行关联；对姓名进行归类和分类；提供电话号码或电子邮件地址来发起和/或促进通过电话238、视频会议模块239、电子邮件240或即时消息241的通信；等等。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电话模块238可用于输入对应于电话号码的字符序列、访问联系人模块237中的一个或多个电话号码、修改已输入的电话号码、拨打相应的电话号码、进行会话以及当会话完成时断开或挂断。如上所述，无线通信可使用多个通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、联系人模块237和电话模块238，视频会议模块239包括根据用户指令来发起、进行和终止用户与一个或多个其他参与者之间的视频会议的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电子邮件客户端模块240包括响应于用户指令来创建、发送、接收和管理电子邮件的可执行指令。结合图像管理模块244，电子邮件客户端模块240使得非常容易创建和发送具有由相机模块243拍摄的静态图像或视频图像的电子邮件。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，即时消息模块241包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：输入与即时消息对应的字符序列，修改先前输入的字符，传输相应即时消息(例如，使用短消息服务(SMS)或多媒体消息服务(MMS)协议以用于基于电话的即时消息，或者使用XMPP、SIMPLE或IMPS以用于基于互联网的即时消息)，接收即时消息、以及查看所接收的即时消息。在一些实施方案中，所传输的和/或所接收的即时消息可包括图形、照片、音频文件、视频文件和/或在MMS和/或增强型消息服务(EMS)中支持的其他附件。如本文所用，“即时消息”是指基于电话的消息(例如，使用SMS或MMS发送的消息)和基于互联网的消息(例如，使用XMPP、SIMPLE、或IMPS发送的消息)两者。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235、地图模块254和音乐播放器模块，健身支持模块242包括用于以下各项的可执行指令：创建健身(例如，具有时间、距离和/或卡路里燃烧目标)；与健身传感器(运动设备)进行通信；接收健身传感器数据；校准用于监视健身的传感器；为健身选择和播放音乐；以及显示、存储和传输健身数据。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、一个或多个光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和图像管理模块244，相机模块243包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：捕获静态图像或视频(包括视频流)并且将它们存储到存储器202中、修改静态图像或视频的特征、或从存储器202删除静态图像或视频。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和相机模块243，图像管理模块244包括用于排列、修改(例如，编辑)，或以其他方式操控、加标签、删除、演示(例如，在数字幻灯片或相册中)以及存储静态图像和/或视频图像的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，浏览器模块247包括根据用户指令来浏览互联网(包括搜索、链接至、接收和显示网页或其部分，以及链接至网页的附件和其他文件)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，日历模块248包括根据用户指令来创建、显示、修改和存储日历以及与日历相关联的数据(例如，日历条目、待办事项等)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序模块249是可由用户下载并使用的微型应用(例如，天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4和字典桌面小程序249-5)或由用户创建的微型应用(例如，用户创建的桌面小程序249-6)。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括HTML(超文本标记语言)文件、CSS(层叠样式表)文件和JavaScript文件。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括XML(可扩展标记语言)文件和JavaScript文件(例如，Yahoo！桌面小程序)。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序创建器模块250可被用户用于创建桌面小程序(例如，将网页的用户指定部分转到桌面小程序中)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，搜索模块251包括根据用户指令来搜索存储器202中的匹配一个或多个搜索条件(例如，一个或多个用户指定的搜索词)的文本、音乐、声音、图像、视频和/或其他文件的可执行指令。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路系统210、扬声器211、RF电路系统208和浏览器模块247，视频和音乐播放器模块252包括允许用户下载和回放以一种或多种文件格式(诸如MP3或AAC文件)存储的所记录的音乐和其他声音文件的可执行指令，以及用于显示、演示或以其他方式回放视频(例如，在触摸屏212上或在经由外部端口224连接的外部显示器上)的可执行指令。在一些实施方案中，设备200任选地包括MP3播放器，诸如iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)的功能。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，记事本模块253包括根据用户指令来创建和管理记事本、待办事项等的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235和浏览器模块247，地图模块254可用于根据用户指令来接收、显示、修改和存储地图以及与地图相关联的数据(例如，驾驶方向、与特定位置处或其附近的商店及其他兴趣点相关的数据，以及其他基于位置的数据)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，在线视频模块255包括允许用户访问、浏览、接收(例如，通过流式传输和/或下载)、回放(例如，在触摸屏上或经由外部端口224在所连接的外部显示器上)、发送具有至特定在线视频的链接的电子邮件，以及以其他方式管理一种或多种文件格式(诸如，H.264)的在线视频的指令。在一些实施方案中，使用即时消息模块241而不是电子邮件客户端模块240来发送至特定在线视频的链接。在线视频应用的附加描述可在2007年6月20日提交的名称为“PortableMultifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for Playing OnlineVideos”的美国临时专利申请60/936,562，以及2007年12月31日提交的名称为“PortableMultifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for Playing OnlineVideos”的美国专利申请11/968,067中找到，这两个专利申请的内容据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
上述模块和应用中的每个模块和应用对应于用于执行上述一种或多种功能以及在该专利申请中所述的方法(例如，本文所述的计算机实现的方法和其他信息处理方法)的一组可执行指令。这些模块(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并因此在各种实施方案中可组合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各种子集。例如，视频播放器模块可与音乐播放器模块组合成单个模块(例如，图2A中的视频和音乐播放器模块252)。在一些实施方案中，存储器202可存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器202可存储上文没有描述的附加模块和数据结构。
在一些实施方案中，设备200是该设备上的一组预定义功能的操作唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触摸板来执行的设备。通过使用触摸屏和/或触摸板作为用于设备200的操作的主要输入控制设备，可减少设备200上的物理输入控制设备(诸如下压按钮、拨号盘等等)的数量。
唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触摸板执行的该组预定义功能任选地包括在用户界面之间进行导航。在一些实施方案中，该触摸板在被用户触摸时将设备200从被显示在设备200上的任何用户界面导航到主菜单、home菜单或根菜单。在此类实施方案中，使用触摸板来实现“菜单按钮”。在一些其他实施方案中，该菜单按钮为物理下压按钮或者其他物理输入控制设备，而不是触摸板。
图2B是示出了根据一些实施方案的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或存储器470(图4)包括事件分类器270(例如，在操作系统226中)以及相应的应用236-1(例如，前述应用237至251、255、480至490中的任一个应用)。
事件分类器270接收事件信息并确定要将事件信息递送到的应用236-1和应用236-1的应用视图291。事件分类器270包括事件监视器271和事件分配器模块274。在一些实施方案中，应用236-1包括应用内部状态292，该应用内部状态指示当应用为活动的或正在执行时被显示在触敏显示器212上的当前应用视图。在一些实施方案中，设备/全局内部状态257被事件分类器270用于确定哪个(哪些)应用程序当前为活动的，并且应用内部状态292被事件分类器270用于确定要将事件信息递送到的应用视图291。
在一些实施方案中，应用内部状态292包括另外的信息，诸如以下各项中的一者或多者：当应用程序236-1恢复执行时将被使用的恢复信息、指示正被应用程序236-1显示的信息或准备好用于被该应用显示的信息的用户界面状态信息、用于使得用户能够返回到应用程序236-1的先前状态或视图的状态队列、以及用户采取的先前动作的重复/撤销队列。
事件监视器271从外围设备接口218接收事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件(例如，作为多点触摸手势部分的触敏显示器212上的用户触摸)的信息。外围设备接口218传输其从I/O子系统206或传感器诸如接近传感器266、加速度计268和/或麦克风213(通过音频电路210)接收的信息。外围设备接口218从I/O子系统206接收的信息包括来自触敏显示器212或触敏表面的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件监视器271以预先确定的间隔将请求发送至外围设备接口218。作为响应，外围设备接口218传输事件信息。在其他实施方案中，外围设备接口218仅当存在显著事件(例如，接收到高于预先确定的噪声阈值和/或接收到超过预先确定的持续时间的输入)时才传输事件信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件分类器270还包括命中视图确定模块272和/或活动事件识别器确定模块273。
当触敏显示器212显示多于一个视图时，命中视图确定模块272提供用于确定子事件已在一个或多个视图内的什么地方发生的软件过程。视图由用户可在显示器上看到的控件和其他元素构成。
与应用相关联的用户界面的另一个方面是一组视图，在本文中有时也被称为应用视图或用户界面窗口，在其中显示信息并且发生基于触摸的手势。在其中检测到触摸的(相应应用的)应用视图可对应于应用的程序化或视图分级结构内的程序化水平。例如，在其中检测到触摸的最低层级视图可被叫做命中视图，并且被识别为正确输入的那组事件可至少部分地基于开始基于触摸的手势的初始触摸的命中视图来确定。
命中视图确定模块272接收与基于接触的手势的子事件相关的信息。当应用具有在分级结构中组织的多个视图时，命中视图确定模块272将命中视图识别为应对子事件进行处理的分级结构中的最低视图。在大多数情况下，命中视图是发起子事件(例如，形成事件或潜在事件的子事件序列中的第一子事件)在其中发生的最低水平视图。一旦命中视图被命中视图确定模块272识别，命中视图便通常接收与其被识别为命中视图所针对的同一触摸或输入源相关的所有子事件。
活动事件识别器确定模块273确定视图分级结构内的哪个或哪些视图应接收特定子事件序列。在一些实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定仅命中视图才应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定包括子事件的物理位置的所有视图均为活跃参与的视图，因此确定所有活跃参与的视图都应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，即使触摸子事件完全被局限到与一个特定视图相关联的区域，但在分级结构中较高的视图将仍然保持为活跃参与的视图。
事件分配器模块274将事件信息分配到事件识别器(例如，事件识别器280)。在包括活动事件识别器确定模块273的实施方案中，事件分配器模块274将事件信息递送到由活动事件识别器确定模块273确定的事件识别器。在一些实施方案中，事件分配器模块274在事件队列中存储事件信息，该事件信息由相应事件接收器282进行检索。
在一些实施方案中，操作系统226包括事件分类器270。另选地，应用236-1包括事件分类器270。在其他实施方案中，事件分类器270为独立模块，或者为被存储在存储器202中的另一个模块(诸如接触/运动模块230)的一部分。
在一些实施方案中，应用236-1包括多个事件处理程序290和一个或多个应用视图291，其中每个应用视图包括用于处理发生在应用的用户界面的相应视图内的触摸事件的指令。应用236-1的每个应用视图291包括一个或多个事件识别器280。通常，相应应用视图291包括多个事件识别器280。在其他实施方案中，事件识别器280中的一个或多个事件识别器为独立模块的部分，该独立模块诸如用户界面工具包(未示出)或应用236-1从中继承方法和其他属性的更高水平的对象。在一些实施方案中，相应事件处理程序290包括以下各项中的一者或多者：数据更新器276、对象更新器277、GUI更新器278、和/或从事件分类器270接收的事件数据279。事件处理程序290可利用或调用数据更新器276、对象更新器277或GUI更新器278，以更新应用内部状态292。另选地，应用视图291中的一个或多个应用视图包括一个或多个相应事件处理程序290。另外，在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278中的一者或多者被包括在相应应用视图291中。
相应的事件识别器280从事件分类器270接收事件信息(例如，事件数据279)，并且从事件信息识别事件。事件识别器280包括事件接收器282和事件比较器284。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280还至少包括以下各项的子集：元数据283和事件递送指令288(其可包括子事件递送指令)。
事件接收器282接收来自事件分类器270的事件信息。该事件信息包括关于子事件例如触摸或触摸移动的信息。根据子事件，事件信息还包括附加信息，诸如子事件的位置。当子事件涉及触摸的运动时，事件信息还可包括子事件的速率和方向。在一些实施方案中，事件包括设备从一个取向旋转到另一取向(例如，从纵向取向到横向取向，或反之亦然)的旋转，并且事件信息包括关于设备的当前取向(也被称为设备姿态)的对应信息。
事件比较器284将事件信息与预定义的事件或子事件定义进行比较，并且基于该比较，确定事件或子事件，或者确定或更新事件或子事件的状态。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284包括事件定义286。事件定义286包含事件的定义(例如，预定义的子事件序列)，例如事件1(287-1)、事件2(287-2)、以及其他事件。在一些实施方案中，事件(287)中的子事件包括例如触摸开始、触摸结束、触摸移动、触摸取消和多点触摸。在一个示例中，针对事件1(287-1)的定义为被显示对象上的双击。例如，双击包括被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第一次触摸(触摸开始)、预先确定时长的第一次抬离(触摸结束)、被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第二次触摸(触摸开始)、以及预先确定时长的第二次抬离(触摸结束)。在另一个示例中，针对事件2(287-2)的定义为被显示对象上的拖动。例如，拖动包括所显示对象上的预先确定时长的触摸(或接触)、触摸跨触敏显示器212的移动，以及触摸的抬离(触摸结束)。在一些实施方案中，事件还包括用于一个或多个相关联的事件处理程序290的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件定义287包括对用于相应用户界面对象的事件的定义。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284执行命中测试，以确定哪个用户界面对象与子事件相关联。例如，在触摸显示器212上显示三个用户界面对象的应用视图中，当在触敏显示器212上检测到触摸时，事件比较器284执行命中测试，以确定这三个用户界面对象中的哪一个用户界面对象与该触摸(子事件)相关联。如果每个所显示的对象与相应的事件处理程序290相关联，则事件比较器使用该命中测试的结果来确定哪个事件处理程序290应当被激活。例如，事件比较器284选择与子事件和触发该命中测试的对象相关联的事件处理程序。
在一些实施方案中，用于相应事件287的定义还包括延迟动作，该延迟动作延迟事件信息的递送，直到已确定子事件序列是对应于还是不对应于事件识别器的事件类型。
当相应事件识别器280确定子事件序列不与事件定义286中的任何事件匹配时，该相应事件识别器280进入事件不可能、事件失败或事件结束状态，在此之后忽略基于触摸的手势的后续子事件。在这种情况下，对于命中视图保持活动的其他事件识别器(如果有的话)继续跟踪和处理正在进行的基于触摸的手势的子事件。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280包括具有指示事件递送系统应该如何执行将子事件递送到活跃参与的事件识别器的可配置属性、标记和/或列表的元数据283。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示事件识别器彼此如何交互或可如何交互的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示子事件是否递送到视图或程序化分级结构中的不同层级的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。
在一些实施方案中，当识别事件的一个或多个特定子事件时，相应事件识别器280激活与事件相关联的事件处理程序290。在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280将与事件相关联的事件信息递送到事件处理程序290。激活事件处理程序290不同于将子事件发送(和延期发送)到相应命中视图。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280抛出与所识别的事件相关联的标志，并且与该标志相关联的事件处理程序290接获该标志并执行预定义的过程。
在一些实施方案中，事件递送指令288包括递送关于子事件的事件信息而无需激活事件处理程序的子事件递送指令。相反，子事件递送指令将事件信息递送到与子事件系列相关联的事件处理程序或递送到活跃参与的视图。与子事件系列或与活跃参与的视图相关联的事件处理程序接收事件信息并执行预先确定的过程。
在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276创建并更新在应用236-1中使用的数据。例如，数据更新器276对联系人模块237中所使用的电话号码进行更新，或者对视频播放器模块中所使用的视频文件进行存储。在一些实施方案中，对象更新器277创建和更新在应用236-1中使用的对象。例如，对象更新器277创建新用户界面对象或更新用户界面对象的位置。GUI更新器278更新GUI。例如，GUI更新器278准备显示信息并且将显示信息发送到图形模块232，以用于显示在触敏显示器上。
在一些实施方案中，事件处理程序290包括数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278，或具有对该数据更新器、该对象更新器和该GUI更新器的访问权限。在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278被包括在相应应用236-1或应用视图291的单个模块中。在其他实施方案中，它们被包括在两个或更多个软件模块中。
应当理解，关于触敏显示器上的用户触摸的事件处理的上述论述还适用于利用输入设备来操作多功能设备200的其他形式的用户输入，并不是所有用户输入都是在触摸屏上发起的。例如，任选地与单次或多次键盘按下或按住协作的鼠标移动和鼠标按钮按下；触摸板上的接触移动，诸如轻击、拖动、滚动等；触笔输入；设备的移动；口头指令；检测到的眼睛移动；生物特征输入；和/或它们的任何组合任选地被用作对应于限定要识别的事件的子事件的输入。
图3示出了根据一些实施方案具有触摸屏212的便携式多功能设备200。触摸屏任选地在用户界面(UI)300内显示一个或多个图形。在本实施方案中以及在下文中描述的其他实施方案中，用户能够通过例如利用一个或多个手指302(在附图中没有按比例绘制)或者利用一个或多个触笔303(在附图中没有按比例绘制)在图形上作出手势来选择这些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施方案中，当用户中断与一个或多个图形的接触时，将发生对一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施方案中，手势任选地包括一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已与设备200发生接触的手指的滚动(从右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些具体实施中或在一些情况下，不经意地与图形接触不会选择图形。例如，当与选择对应的手势为轻击时，在应用程序图标上方扫动的轻扫手势任选地不会选择对应应用。
设备200还可包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如“home”按钮或菜单按钮304。如前所述，菜单按钮304可被用于导航到可在设备200上执行的应用集中的任何应用236。另选地，在一些实施方案中，菜单按钮被实现为显示在触摸屏212上的GUI中的软键。
在一个实施方案中，设备200包括触摸屏212、菜单按钮304、用于使设备通电/断电和用于锁定设备的下压按钮306、一个或多个音量调节按钮308、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽310、耳麦插孔312和对接/充电外部端口224。下压按钮306任选地用于通过压下该按钮并且将该按钮保持在压下状态持续预定义的时间间隔来对设备进行开/关机；通过压下该按钮并在该预定义的时间间隔过去之前释放该按钮来锁定设备；和/或对设备进行解锁或发起解锁过程。在另选的实施方案中，设备200还通过麦克风213来接受用于激活或去激活一些功能的言语输入。设备200还任选地包括用于检测触摸屏212上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265，和/或用于为设备200的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。
图4是根据一些实施方案具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。设备400不必为便携式的。在一些实施方案中，设备400为膝上型计算机、台式计算机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器设备、导航设备、教育设备(诸如儿童学习玩具)、游戏系统或控制设备(例如，家用控制器或工业用控制器)。设备400通常包括一个或多个处理单元(CPU)410、一个或多个网络或其他通信接口460、存储器470和用于使这些部件互连的一个或多个通信总线420。通信总线420任选地包括使系统部件互连并且控制系统部件之间的通信的电路(有时被叫做芯片组)。设备400包括具有显示器440的输入/输出(I/O)接口430，该显示器通常是触摸屏显示器。I/O接口430还任选地包括键盘和/或鼠标(或其他指向设备)450和触摸板455、用于在设备400上生成触觉输出的触觉输出发生器457(例如，类似于以上参考图2A所述的触觉输出发生器267)、传感器459(例如，光学传感器、加速度传感器、接近传感器、触敏传感器和/或接触强度传感器(类似于以上参考图2A所述的接触强度传感器265))。存储器470包括高速随机存取存储器，诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR RAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备；并且任选地包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器470任选地包括远离CPU 410定位的一个或多个存储设备。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储与便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202中存储的程序、模块和数据结构类似的程序、模块和数据结构或它们的子集。此外，存储器470任选地存储在便携式多功能设备200的存储器202中不存在的附加程序、模块和数据结构。例如，设备400的存储器470任选地存储绘图模块480、呈现模块482、文字处理模块484、网站创建模块486、盘编辑模块488和/或电子表格模块490，而便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202任选地不存储这些模块。
图4中的上述元素中的每个元素可存储在一个或多个前面提及的存储器设备中。上述所识别的模块中的每个模块对应于用于执行上述功能的指令集。上述模块或程序(例如，指令集)不必被实现为单独的软件程序、过程或模块，并且因此这些模块的各种子集可在各种实施方案中被组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施方案中，存储器470可存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器470可存储上文没有描述的附加模块和数据结构。
现在将注意力转向可在例如便携式多功能设备200上实现的用户界面的实施方案。
图5A示出了根据一些实施方案用于便携式多功能设备200上的应用的菜单的示例性用户界面。类似的用户界面可在设备400上实现。在一些实施方案中，用户界面500包括以下元素或者其子集或超集：
用于一个或多个无线通信(诸如蜂窝信号和Wi-Fi信号)的一个或多个信号强度指示器502；
·时间504；
·蓝牙指示器505；
·电池状态指示器506；
·具有常用应用的图标的托盘508，常用应用程序图标诸如：
○电话模块238的被标记为“电话”的图标516，该图标任选地包括未接来电或语音留言的数量的指示器514；
○电子邮件客户端模块240的被标记为“邮件”的图标518，该图标任选地包括未读电子邮件的数量的指示器510；
○浏览器模块247的被标记为“浏览器”的图标520；以及
○视频和音乐播放器模块252(也称为iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)模块252)的被标记为“iPod”的图标522；以及
·其他应用的图标，诸如：
○IM模块241的被标记为“消息”的图标524；
○日历模块248的被标记为“日历”的图标526；
○图像管理模块244的被标记为“照片”的图标528；
○相机模块243的被标记为“相机”的图标530；
○在线视频模块255的被标记为“在线视频”的图标532；
○股市桌面小程序249-2的被标记为“股市”的图标534；
○地图模块254的被标记为“地图”的图标536；
○天气桌面小程序249-1的被标记为“天气”的图标538；
○闹钟桌面小程序249-4的被标记为“时钟”的图标540；
○健身支持模块242的被标记为“健身支持”的图标542；
○记事本模块253的被标记为“记事本”的图标544；以及
○用于设置应用或模块的被标记为“设置”的图标546，该图标提供对设备200及其各种应用236的设置的访问。
需注意，图5A中示出的图标标签仅是示例性的。例如，视频和音乐播放器模块252的图标522可任选地被标记为“音乐”或“音乐播放器”。其他标签任选地用于各种应用程序图标。在一些实施方案中，相应应用程序图标的标签包括与该相应应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。在一些实施方案中，特定应用程序图标的标签不同于与该特定应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。
图5B示出了具有与显示器550(例如，触摸屏显示器212)分开的触敏表面551(例如，图4的平板电脑或触摸板455)的设备(例如，图4的设备400)上的示例性用户界面。设备400还任选地包括用于检测触敏表面551上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器(例如，传感器457中的一个或多个传感器)和/或用于为设备400的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器459。
尽管将参考触摸屏显示器212(其中组合了触敏表面和显示器)上的输入给出随后的示例中的一些示例，但是在一些实施方案中，设备检测与显示器分开的触敏表面上的输入，如图5B所示。在一些实施方案中，触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)具有与显示器(例如，550)上的主轴(例如，图5B中的553)对应的主轴(例如，图5B中的552)。根据这些实施方案，设备检测在与显示器上的相应位置对应的位置(例如，在图5B中，560对应于568并且562对应于570)处的与触敏表面551的接触(例如，图5B中的560和562)。这样，在触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)与多功能设备的显示器(图5B中的550)分开时，由设备在触敏表面上检测到的用户输入(例如，接触560和562以及它们的移动)被该设备用于操纵显示器上的用户界面。应当理解，类似的方法任选地用于本文所述的其他用户界面。
另外，虽然主要是参考手指输入(例如，手指接触、单指轻击手势、手指轻扫手势)来给出下面的示例，但是应当理解，在一些实施方案中，这些手指输入中的一个或多个手指输入由来自另一输入设备的输入(例如，基于鼠标的输入或触笔输入)替代。例如，轻扫手势任选地由鼠标点击(例如，而不是接触)，之后是光标沿轻扫的路径的移动(例如，而不是接触的移动)来替换。又如，轻击手势任选地由在光标位于轻击手势的位置上方时的鼠标点击(例如，而不是对接触的检测，以及之后的停止检测接触)来替换。类似地，当同时检测到多个用户输入时，应当理解的是，多个计算机鼠标任选地被同时使用，或鼠标和手指接触任选地被同时使用。
图6A示出了示例性个人电子设备600。设备600包括主体602。在一些实施方案中，设备600可包括相对于设备200和400(例如，图2A-图4B)所述的特征部中的一些或全部特征部。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有在下文中称为触摸屏604的触敏显示屏604。另选地或作为触摸屏604的补充，设备600具有显示器和触敏表面。与设备200和设备400的情况一样，在一些实施方案中，触摸屏604(或触敏表面)可具有用于检测正施加的接触(例如，触摸)强度的一个或多个强度传感器。触摸屏604(或触敏表面)的一个或多个强度传感器可提供表示触摸的强度的输出数据。设备600的用户界面可基于其强度来对触摸作出响应，这意味着不同强度的触摸可调用设备600上的不同用户界面操作。
用于检测和处理触摸强度的技术可例如在相关申请中找到：2013年5月8日提交的名称为“Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for Displaying UserInterface Objects Corresponding to an Application”的国际专利申请PCT/US2013/040061，以及2013年11月11日提交的名称为“Device,Method,and Graphical UserInterface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships”的国际专利申请PCT/US2013/069483，这两个国际专利申请中的每个据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个输入机构606和608。输入机构606和608(如果包括的话)可以是物理形式的。物理输入机构的示例包括下压按钮和可旋转机构。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个附接机构。此类附接机构(如果包括的话)可允许将设备600与例如帽子、眼镜、耳环、项链、衬衣、夹克、手镯、表带、手链、裤子、皮带、鞋子、钱包、背包等附接。这些附接机构可允许用户穿戴设备600。
图6B示出了示例性个人电子设备600。在一些实施方案中，设备600可包括参考图2A、图2B和图4所述的部件中的一些或全部部件。设备600具有将I/O部分614与一个或多个计算机处理器616和存储器618操作性地耦接的总线612。I/O部分614可连接到显示器604，该显示器可具有触敏部件622并且任选地具有触摸强度敏感部件624。此外，I/O部分614可与通信单元630连接，用于使用Wi-Fi、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、蜂窝和/或其他无线通信技术来接收应用和操作系统数据。设备600可包括输入机构606和/或608。例如，输入机构606可以是可旋转输入设备或者可按压且可旋转输入设备。在一些示例中，输入机构608可以是按钮。
在一些示例中，输入机构608可以是麦克风。个人电子设备600可包括各种传感器，诸如GPS传感器632、加速度计634、定向传感器640(例如，罗盘)、陀螺仪636、运动传感器638和/或它们的组合，所有这些设备均可操作地连接到I/O部分614。
个人电子设备600的存储器618可以是用于存储计算机可执行指令的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，该指令当由一个或多个计算机处理器616执行时，例如可使得计算机处理器执行上述技术和过程。该计算机可执行指令还可以在任何非暂态计算机可读存储介质内进行存储和/或传输，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备，诸如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他系统使用或与其结合，所述其他系统可从指令执行系统、装置或设备获取指令并执行指令。对于本文的目的而言，“非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可有形地包含或存储计算机可执行指令以供指令执行系统、装置和设备使用或与其结合的任何介质。非暂态计算机可读存储介质可包括但不限于磁存储装置、光学存储装置、和/或半导体存储装置。此类存储装置的示例包括磁盘、基于CD、DVD或蓝光技术的光盘、以及持久性固态存储器诸如闪存、固态驱动器等。个人电子设备600不限于图6B的部件和配置，而是可包括多种配置的其他部件或附加部件。
如本文所用，术语“示能表示”是指可在设备200、400和/或600(图2、图4和图6)的显示屏上显示的用户交互式图形用户界面对象。例如，图像(例如，图标)、按钮和文本(例如，超链接)可各自构成示能表示。
如本文所用，术语“焦点选择器”是指用于指示用户正与之进行交互的用户界面的当前部分的输入元素。在包括光标或其他位置标志的一些具体实施中，光标充当“焦点选择器”，使得当在光标停留在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)上方的同时在触敏表面(例如，图4中的触摸板455或图5B中的触敏表面551)上检测到输入(例如，按压输入)的情况下，根据检测到的输入调整特定用户界面元素。在包括能够实现与触摸屏显示器上的用户界面元素的直接交互的触摸屏显示器(例如，图2A中的触敏显示系统212或图5A中的触摸屏212)的一些具体实施中，触摸屏上所检测到的接触充当“焦点选择器”，使得当在触摸屏显示器上在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)的位置处检测到输入(例如，由接触进行的按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在一些具体实施中，焦点从用户界面的一个区域移动到用户界面的另一个区域，而无需光标的对应移动或触摸屏显示器上的接触的移动(例如，通过使用制表键或箭头键将焦点从一个按钮移动到另一个按钮)；在这些具体实施中，焦点选择器根据焦点在用户界面的不同区域之间的移动而移动。不考虑焦点选择器所采取的具体形式，焦点选择器通常是由用户控制的以便递送与用户界面的用户预期的交互(例如，通过向设备指示用户界面的用户期望与其进行交互的元素)的用户界面元素(或触摸屏显示器上的接触)。例如，在触敏表面(例如，触摸板或触摸屏)上检测到按压输入时，焦点选择器(例如，光标、接触或选择框)在相应按钮上方的位置将指示用户期望激活相应按钮(而不是设备的显示器上示出的其他用户界面元素)。
如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，接触的“特征强度”这一术语是指基于接触的一个或多个强度的接触的特征。在一些实施方案中，特征强度基于多个强度样本。特征强度任选地基于相对于预定义事件(例如，在检测到接触之后，在检测到接触抬起之前，在检测到接触开始移动之前或之后，在检测到接触结束之前，在检测到接触的强度增大之前或之后和/或在检测到接触的强度减小之前或之后)而言在预先确定的时间段(例如，0.05秒、0.1秒、0.2秒、0.5秒、1秒、2秒、5秒、10秒)期间采样的预定义数量的强度样本或一组强度样本。接触的特征强度任选地基于以下各项中的一者或多者：接触强度的最大值、接触强度的均值、接触强度的平均值、接触强度的前10％处的值、接触强度的半最大值、接触强度的90％最大值等。在一些实施方案中，在确定特征强度时使用接触的持续时间(例如，在特征强度为接触的强度在时间上的平均值时)。在一些实施方案中，将特征强度与一组一个或多个强度阈值进行比较，以确定用户是否已执行操作。例如，该组一个或多个强度阈值可包括第一强度阈值和第二强度阈值。在该示例中，特征强度未超过第一阈值的接触导致第一操作，特征强度超过第一强度阈值但未超过第二强度阈值的接触导致第二操作，并且特征强度超过第二阈值的接触导致第三操作。在一些实施方案中，使用特征强度与一个或多个阈值之间的比较来确定是否要执行一个或多个操作(例如，是执行相应操作还是放弃执行相应操作)，而不是用于确定执行第一操作还是第二操作。
在一些实施方案中，识别手势的一部分以用于确定特征强度。例如，触敏表面可接收连续的轻扫接触，该连续的轻扫接触从起始位置过渡并到达结束位置，在该结束位置处，接触的强度增加。在该示例中，接触在结束位置处的特征强度可仅基于连续轻扫接触的一部分，而不是整个轻扫接触(例如，仅结束位置处的轻扫接触的一部分)。在一些实施方案中，可在确定接触的特征强度之前向轻扫手势的强度应用平滑化算法。例如，该平滑化算法任选地包括以下各项中的一者或多者：不加权滑动平均平滑化算法、三角平滑化算法、中值滤波器平滑化算法、和/或指数平滑化算法。在一些情况下，这些平滑化算法消除了轻扫接触的强度中的窄的尖峰或凹陷，以用于确定特征强度。
可相对于一个或多个强度阈值诸如接触检测强度阈值、轻按压强度阈值、深按压强度阈值、和/或一个或多个其他强度阈值来表征触敏表面上的接触的强度。在一些实施方案中，轻按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下，设备将执行通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作。在一些实施方案中，深按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行与通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作不同的操作。在一些实施方案中，当检测到特征强度低于轻按压强度阈值(例如，并且高于标称接触检测强度阈值，比该标称接触检测强度阈值低的接触不再被检测到)的接触时，设备将根据接触在触敏表面上的移动来移动焦点选择器，而不执行与轻按压强度阈值或深按压强度阈值相关联的操作。一般来讲，除非另有陈述，否则这些强度阈值在不同组的用户界面附图之间为一致的。
接触的特征强度从低于轻按压强度阈值的强度增大到介于轻按压强度阈值与深按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为“轻按压”输入。接触特征强度从低于深按压强度阈值的强度增大到高于深按压强度阈值的强度有时被称为“深按压”输入。接触的特征强度从低于接触检测强度阈值的强度增大到介于接触检测强度阈值与轻按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为检测到触摸表面上的接触。接触的特征强度从高于接触检测强度阈值的强度减小到低于接触检测强度阈值的强度有时被称为检测到接触从触摸表面抬离。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值为零。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值大于零。
在本文中所述的一些实施方案中，响应于检测到包括相应按压输入的手势或响应于检测到利用相应接触(或多个接触)执行的相应按压输入来执行一个或多个操作，其中至少部分地基于检测到该接触(或多个接触)的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值而检测到相应按压输入。在一些实施方案中，响应于检测到相应接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向下冲程”)而执行相应操作。在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触强度随后减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触强度随后减小到低于按压输入阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)而执行相应操作。
在一些实施方案中，设备采用强度滞后以避免有时称为“抖动”的意外输入，其中该设备限定或选择与按压输入强度阈值具有预定义关系的滞后强度阈值(例如，滞后强度阈值比按压输入强度阈值小X个强度单位，或滞后强度阈值是按压输入强度阈值的75％、90％或某些合理的比例)。因此，在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触强度随后减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触强度随后减小到低于滞后强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)而执行相应操作。类似地，在一些实施方案中，仅在设备检测到接触的强度从等于或低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到等于或高于按压输入强度阈值的强度并且任选地接触的强度随后减小到等于或低于滞后强度的强度时才检测到按压输入，并且响应于检测到按压输入(例如，根据环境，接触的强度增大或接触的强度减小)来执行相应操作。
为了容易解释，任选地，响应于检测到以下各种情况中的任一种情况而触发对响应于与按压输入强度阈值相关联的按压输入或响应于包括按压输入的手势而执行的操作的描述：接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值、接触强度从低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值的强度、接触强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值、和/或接触强度减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值。另外，在将操作描述为响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值而执行的示例中，任选地响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于对应于并且小于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值来执行操作。
3.数字助理系统
图7A示出了根据各种示例的数字助理系统700的框图。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可在独立式计算机系统上实现。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可跨多个计算机分布。在一些示例中，数字助理的模块和功能中的一些模块和功能可被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分位于一个或多个用户设备(例如，设备104、122、200、400或600)上并通过一个或多个网络来与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)进行通信，例如，如图1所示。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可以是图1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或DA服务器106)的具体实施。应当指出的是，数字助理系统700仅为数字助理系统的一个示例，并且该数字助理系统700可具有比所示更多或更少的部件、可组合两个或更多个部件，或者可具有部件的不同配置或布置。图7A中所示的各种部件可在硬件、用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)、或它们的组合中实现。
数字助理系统700可包括存储器702、一个或多个处理器704、输入/输出(I/O)接口706、以及网络通信接口708。这些部件可通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线710彼此进行通信。
在一些示例中，存储器702可包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备、或其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些示例中，I/O接口706可将数字助理系统700的输入/输出设备716诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接至用户界面模块722。与用户界面模块722结合的I/O接口706可接收用户输入(例如，声音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些示例中，例如当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实现时，数字助理系统700可包括分别相对于图2A、图4、图6A-图6B中的设备200、400或600所描述的部件和I/O通信接口中的任一者。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可表示数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且可通过位于用户设备(例如，设备104、200、400或设备600)上的客户端侧部分来与用户进行交互。
在一些示例中，网络通信接口708可包括一个或多个有线通信端口712、和/或无线传输和接收电路714。一个或多个有线通信端口可经由一个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线等来接收和发送通信信号。无线电路714可从通信网络以及其他通信设备接收RF信号和/或光学信号，并且将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络以及其他通信设备。无线通信可使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者，诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口708可使得数字助理系统700通过网络诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络(诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN))与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些示例中，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，包括以下内容中的全部或其子集：操作系统718、通信模块720、用户界面模块722、一个或多个应用724和数字助理模块726。具体地讲，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可存储用于执行下述过程的指令。一个或多个处理器704可执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写到数据结构。
操作系统718(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、WINDOWS，或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)可包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动器，并且促进各种硬件、固件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块720可促进数字助理系统700与其他设备之间的通过网络通信接口708进行的通信。例如，通信模块720可与电子设备(诸如，分别在图2A、图4、图6A-图6B中示出的设备200、400和600)的RF电路208进行通信。通信模块720还可包括用于处理由无线电路714和/或有线通信端口712所接收的数据的各种部件。
用户界面模块722可经由I/O接口706来接收来自用户(例如，来自键盘、触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)的命令和/或输入，并在显示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块722还可准备输出(例如，语音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将输出经由I/O接口706(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器、触摸板等)递送给用户。
应用724可包括被配置为由一个或多个处理器704执行的程序和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实现，则应用724可包括用户应用，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用或邮件应用。如果数字助理系统700在服务器上实现，则应用724可包括例如资源管理应用、诊断应用或调度应用。
存储器702还可存储数字助理模块726(或数字助理的服务器部分)。在一些示例中，数字助理模块726可包括以下子模块或者其子集或超集：输入/输出处理模块728、语音转文本(STT)处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理模块734、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738和语音合成模块740。这些模块中的每个模块均可具有对以下数字助理模块726的系统或数据与模型中的一者或多者或者其子集或超集的访问权限：知识本体760、词汇索引744、用户数据748、任务流模型754、服务模型756和ASR系统。
在一些示例中，使用在数字助理模块726中实现的处理模块、数据和模型，数字助理可执行以下中的至少一些：将语音输入转换成文本；识别在从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户意图；主动引出并获取完全推断用户意图所需的信息(例如，通过消除字词、姓名、意图的歧义等)；确定用于满足推断出的意图的任务流；以及执行该任务流以满足推断出的意图。
在一些示例中，如图7B中所示，I/O处理模块728可通过图7A中的I/O设备716与用户进行交互或通过图7A中的网络通信接口708与用户设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)进行交互，以获取用户输入(例如，语音输入)并提供对用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块728随同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后不久可任选地获取与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。上下文信息可包括特定于用户的数据、词汇，和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。在一些示例中，该上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时的用户设备的软件状态和硬件状态，和/或在接收到用户请求时与用户的周围环境相关的信息。在一些示例中，I/O处理模块728还可将与用户请求有关的跟进问题发送至用户，并从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块728接收并且用户请求可包括语音输入时，I/O处理模块728可将语音输入转发至STT处理模块730(或语音识别器)，以用于语音文本转换。
STT处理模块730可包括一个或多个ASR系统。该一个或多个ASR系统可处理通过I/O处理模块728接收到的语音输入，以产生识别结果。每个ASR系统可包括前端语音预处理器。前端语音预处理器可从语音输入提取表示性特征部。例如，前端语音预处理器可对语音输入执行傅里叶变换，以提取表征语音输入的光谱特征部作为表示性多维向量的序列。此外，每个ASR系统可包括一个或多个语音识别模型(例如，声音模型和/或语言模型)，并且可实现一个或多个语音识别引擎。语音识别模型的示例可包括隐马尔可夫模型、高斯混合模型、深层神经网络模型、n元语言模型、以及其他统计模型。语音识别引擎的示例可包括基于动态时间规整的引擎和基于加权有限状态换能器(WFST)的引擎。一个或多个语音识别模型和一个或多个语音识别引擎可用于处理前端语音预处理器的所提取的表示性特征部，以产生中间识别结果(例如，音素、音素串和子字)，并且最终产生文本识别结果(例如，字词、字词串或符号的序列)。在一些示例中，语音输入可至少部分地由第三方服务处理或在用户的设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)上处理，以产生识别结果。一旦STT处理模块730产生包含文本串(例如，字词，或字词的序列，或符号的序列)的识别结果，识别结果便可被传送至自然语言处理模块732以用于意图推断。
有关语音转文本处理的更多细节在2011年9月20日提交的名称为“ConsolidatingSpeech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专利申请13/236,942中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可包括可识别字词的词汇，和/或可经由语音字母转换模块731来访问该词汇。每个词汇字词可与以语音识别语音字母表来表示的字词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体地，可识别字词的词汇可包括与多个候选发音相关联的字词。例如，该词汇可包括与/t和的候选发音相关联的字词“tomato”。此外，词汇字词可与基于来自用户的先前语音输入的自定义候选发音相关联。此类自定义候选发音可被存储在STT处理模块730中，并且可经由设备上的用户配置文件而与特定用户相关联。在一些示例中，字词的候选发音可基于字词的拼写以及一个或多个语言学和/或语音学规则来确定。在一些示例中，候选发音可手动生成，例如基于已知的规范发音而手动生成。
在一些示例中，可基于候选发音的普遍性来对候选发音进行排名。例如，候选语音的排名可高于因为前者是更常用的发音(例如，在所有用户中，对于特定地理区域的用户而言，或者对于任何其他合适的用户子集而言)。在一些示例中，可基于候选发音是否为与用户相关联的自定义候选发音来对候选发音进行排名。例如，自定义候选发音的排名可高于标准候选发音。这可用于识别具有偏离规范发音的独特发音的专有名词。在一些示例中，候选发音可与一个或多个语音特征，诸如地理起源、国家、或种族相关联。例如，候选发音可能与美国相关联，而候选发音可能与英国相关联。此外，候选发音的排名可基于被存储在设备上的用户配置文件中的用户的一个或多个特征(例如，地理起源、国家、种族等)。例如，可从用户配置文件确定该用户与美国相关联。基于用户与美国相关联，可将候选发音(与美国相关联)排得比候选发音(与英国相关联)更高。在一些示例中，经排名的候选发音中的一个候选发音可被选作预测发音(例如，最可能的发音)。
当接收到语音输入时，STT处理模块730可用于(例如，使用声音模型)确定对应于该语音输入的音素，并且然后尝试(例如，使用语言模型)确定匹配该音素的字词。例如，如果STT处理模块730可首先识别与该语音输入的一部分对应的音素序列则其随后可基于词汇索引744来确定该序列对应于字词“tomato”。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可使用模糊匹配技术来确定话语中的字词。因此，例如，STT处理模块730可确定音素序列对应于字词“tomato”，即使该特定音素序列不是该字词的候选音素序列。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块732(“自然语言处理器”)可获取由STT处理模块730生成的字词或符号的序列(“符号序列”)，并尝试将该符号序列与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关联。“可执行意图”可表示可由数字助理执行并且可具有在任务流模型754中实现的相关联的任务流的任务。相关联任务流可以是数字助理为了执行任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围可取决于已在任务流模型754中实施并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换句话讲，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数字助理的有效性还可取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些示例中，除了从STT处理模块730获取的字词或符号的序列之外，自然语言处理模块732还可(例如，从I/O处理模块728)接收与用户请求相关联的上下文信息。自然语言处理模块732可任选地使用上下文信息来明确、补充和/或进一步限定被包含在从STT处理模块730接收的符号序列中的信息。上下文信息可包括例如：用户偏好、用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态、在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器信息、数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)等。如本文所述，上下文信息可以是动态的，并且可随对话的时间、位置、内容以及其他因素而变化。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理可基于例如知识本体760。知识本体760可以是包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如上所述，“可执行意图”可表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即该任务为“可执行的”或可被进行的。“属性”可表示与可执行意图或另一属性的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体760中的可执行意图节点与属性节点之间的链接可定义由属性节点表示的参数如何与由可执行意图节点表示的任务相关。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。在知识本体760内，每个可执行意图节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个可执行意图节点。例如，如图7C所示，知识本体760可包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对预订)和“同行人数”各自可直接链接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预订”节点)。
此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”可以是属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且各自可通过中间属性节点“餐厅”而被链接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。又如，如图7C所示，知识本体760还可包括“设定提醒”节点(即，另一可执行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设定提醒)和“主题”(针对提醒)各自可链接至“设定提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间”可与进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务两者相关，因此属性节点“日期/时间”可链接至知识本体760中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设定提醒”节点两者。
可执行意图节点连同其链接的概念节点一起可被描述为“域”。在本论述中，每个域可与相应的可执行意图相关联，并涉及与特定可执行意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图7C中示出的知识本体760可包括知识本体760内的餐厅预订域762的示例以及提醒域764的示例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域764可包括可执行意图节点“设置提醒”以及属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。在一些示例中，知识本体760可由多个域组成。每个域可与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域762和提醒域764之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还可与许多不同域(例如，时间表域、旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图7C示出了知识本体760内的两个示例域，但其他域可包括例如“查找电影”、“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、“发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域可与“发送消息”可执行意图节点相关联，并且还可包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”可进一步例如由子属性节点诸如“接收人名称”和“消息地址”来限定。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作用的所有域(以及因此可执行的意图)。在一些示例中，知识本体760可诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点，或者通过修改知识本体760内的节点之间的关系来进行修改。
在一些示例中，可将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知识本体760中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域可包括与旅行有关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行有关的可执行意图节点可包括“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“获取路线”、“寻找兴趣点”等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可执行意图节点可具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”和“寻找兴趣点”的可执行意图节点可共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“同行人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些示例中，知识本体760中的每个节点可与和由节点表示的属性或可执行意图有关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语可是所谓的与节点相关联的“词汇”。可将与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所表示的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引744中。例如，返回图7B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。又如，与“发起电话呼叫”可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词和短语，诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与……通电话”、“呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等。词汇索引744可任选地包括不同语言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理模块732可从STT处理模块730接收符号序列(例如，文本串)，并确定符号序列中的字词牵涉哪些节点。在一些示例中，如果发现符号序列中的字词或短语(经由词汇索引744)与知识本体760中的一个或多个节点相关联，则该字词或短语可“触发”或“激活”这些节点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理模块732可选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户意图使数字助理执行的任务。在一些示例中，可选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些示例中，可选择具有最高置信度值(例如，基于其各种已触发节点的相对重要性)的域。在一些示例中，可基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些示例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素，诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据748可包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认语言和第二语言、用户的联系人列表、以及每位用户的其他短期或长期信息。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可使用特定于用户的信息来补充用户输入中所包含的信息，以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会”，自然语言处理模块732可能够访问用户数据748以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日聚会”将于何时何地举行，而无需用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
基于符号串搜索知识本体的其他细节在2008年12月22日提交的名称为“Methodand Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请12/341,743中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，一旦自然语言处理模块732基于用户请求而识别出可执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理模块732便可生成结构化查询，以表示所识别的可执行意图。在一些示例中，结构化查询可包括针对可执行意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数，并且该参数中的至少一些参数填充有在用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户可以说“帮我在寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理模块732可能够基于用户输入将可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询可包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时间}、{日期}、{同行人数}等。在一些示例中，基于语音输入和使用STT处理模块730从语音输入得出的文本，自然语言处理模块732可针对餐厅预订域生成部分结构化查询，其中部分结构化查询包括参数{菜系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该示例中，用户话语包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于当前可用的信息，在结构化查询中可能未指定其他必要的参数，诸如{同行人数}和{日期}。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可利用所接收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些示例中，如果用户请求“附近的”寿司店，自然语言处理模块732可利用来自用户设备的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可将所生成的结构化查询(包括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块736(“任务流处理器”)。任务流处理模块736可被配置为接收来自自然语言处理模块732的结构化查询，(必要时)完成结构化查询，并且执行“完成”用户最终请求所需的动作。在一些示例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程可在任务流模型754中提供。在一些示例中，任务流模型754可包括用于获取来自用户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736可能需要发起与用户的附加对话，以便获取附加信息和/或弄清可能有歧义的话语。当有必要进行此类交互时，任务流处理模块736可调用对话流处理模块734以参与同用户的对话。在一些示例中，对话流处理模块734可确定如何(和/或何时)向用户请求附加信息，并且接收和处理用户响应。该问题可通过I/O处理模块728而被提供至用户并可从用户接收回答。在一些示例中，对话流处理模块734可经由音频和/或视觉输出来向用户呈现对话输出，并接收经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应的来自用户的输入。继续上述示例，当任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来确定针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询的“同行人数”和“日期”信息时，对话流处理模块734可生成问题诸如“一行几位？”和“预订哪天？”以传递给用户。一旦从用户接收到回答，对话流处理模块734便可利用缺失信息填充结构化查询，或将信息传递给任务流处理模块736以根据结构化查询来完成缺失信息。
一旦任务流处理模块736已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736便可着手执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此，任务流处理模块736可根据包含在结构化查询中的特定参数来执行任务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务流模型可包括用于联系餐厅并在特定时间实际上请求针对特定同行人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订、餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆、日期＝3/12/2012、时间＝7pm、同行人数＝5}，任务流处理模块736可执行以下步骤：(1)登录ABC咖啡馆的服务器或餐厅预订系统诸如(2)在网站上的表格中输入日期、时间和同行人数信息，(3)提交表格，以及(4)在用户的日历中形成针对预订的日历条目。
在一些示例中，任务流处理模块736可利用服务处理模块738(“服务处理模块”)的协助完成用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供用户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理模块738可代表任务流处理模块736来发起电话呼叫、设置日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户设备上安装的其他用户应用或与该其他应用进行交互、以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网站等)，或与第三方服务进行交互。在一些示例中，可通过服务模型756中的相应服务模型来指定每项服务所需的协议和应用编程接口(API)。服务处理模块738可针对服务来访问适当的服务模型，并依据服务模型根据该服务所需的协议和API来生成针对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则餐厅可提交服务模型，该服务模型指定进行预订的必要参数以及将必要参数的值传送至在线预订服务的API。在被任务流处理模块736请求时，服务处理模块738可使用被存储在服务模型中的web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连接，并将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、同行人数)以符合在线预订服务的API的格式发送至在线预订接口。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732、对话处理模块734以及任务流处理模块736可被共同且反复地使用，以推断并限定用户的意图、获取信息，以进一步明确并细化用户意图并最终生成响应(即，输出至用户或完成任务)以满足用户的意图。所生成的响应可以是对语音输入的至少部分地满足用户的意图的对话响应。此外，在一些示例中，所生成的响应可被输出为语音输出。在这些示例中，所生成的响应可被发送到语音合成模块740(例如，语音合成器)，在语音合成模块中，可处理所生成的响应以将对话响应以语音形式合成。在其他示例中，所生成的响应可以是与满足语音输入中的用户请求相关的数据内容。
语音合成模块740可被配置为合成语音输出以呈现给用户。语音合成模块740基于数字助理提供的文本来合成语音输出。例如，所生成的对话响应可为文本串的形式。语音合成模块740可将文本串转换成可听语音输出。语音合成模块740可使用任何合适的语音合成技术，以便从文本生成语音输出，包括但不限于：拼接合成、单位选择合成、双音素合成、特定于域的合成、共振峰合成、发音合成、基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的合成，以及正弦波合成。在一些示例中，语音合成模块740可被配置为基于与这些字词对应的音素串来合成各个字词。例如，音素串可与所生成的对话响应中的字词相关联。音素串可被存储在与字词相关联的元数据中。语音合成模型740可被配置为直接处理元数据中的音素串，以合成语音形式的字词。
在一些示例中，替代使用语音合成模块740(或除此之外)，可在远程设备(例如，服务器系统108)上执行语音合成，并且可将合成的语音发送至用户设备以输出给用户。例如，这可发生在一些具体实施中，其中在服务器系统处生成数字助理的输出。并且因为服务器系统通常比用户设备具有更强的处理能力或更多的资源，所以有可能获取比客户端侧合成将实现的质量更高的语音输出。
有关数字助理的其他详情可在2011年1月10日提交的名称为“IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请12/987,982和2011年9月30日提交的名称为“Generating and Processing Task Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”的美国实用新型专利申请13/251,088中找到，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
4.用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的过程
图8A-图8B示出了根据各种示例用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的过程800。图9A-图9D示出了根据各种示例的用于基于设备间对话通信的主动协助的电子设备的示例性用户界面。可使用实施数字助理的一个或多个电子设备来执行过程800。在一些示例中，可在实现数字助理的客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)处执行过程800。在一些示例中，可在电子设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)处执行过程800。在过程800中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的顺序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。
在框802处，可与第二电子设备建立对话通信。该对话通信可包括在电子设备的用户和第二电子设备的用户之间交换(例如，传输或接收)的任何形式的对话(例如，语音、文本、手语等)。第二电子设备可与上文所述的设备104、200、400或600相似或相同。在一些示例中，第二电子设备可以是固网电话设备、移动电话设备、VoIP设备、视频电话设备、服务器或与自动应答服务相关联的设备。
在一些示例中，建立对话通信可包括建立语音通信。可例如通过建立电话呼叫、互联网语音协议(VoIP)呼叫、视频电话呼叫(例如Skype呼叫、Facetime呼叫等)等来建立语音通信。在其他示例中，建立对话通信可包括在电子设备与第二电子设备之间建立文本通信。例如，建立文本通信可包括建立文本消息会话、即时消息或聊天会话、电子邮件线程，消息板线程等。在电子设备与第二电子设备之间建立对话通信时(例如，在电话呼叫或即时消息会话期间)，可以执行下文所述的框804-816中的一者或多者。此外，可在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的对话通信之后(例如，在挂断电话呼叫之后或在即时消息会话结束之后)执行框804-816中的一者或多者。
在框804处，可接收对话。在一些示例中，该对话可包括音频数据流。在其他示例中，该对话可包括文本数据。该对话可与第二电子设备或与第二电子设备的用户相关联。此外，在一些示例中，该对话可与电子设备或电子设备的用户相关联。该对话可包括地址指向电子设备的用户或第二电子设备的用户的语音或文本数据。然而，该对话可不包括地址指向电子设备的数字助理的语音或文本。在该对话包括音频数据流的示例中，音频数据流可包括经由第二电子设备从第二电子设备的用户接收的语音。除此之外或另选地，音频数据流可包括在电子设备处从电子设备的用户(例如，经由麦克风213)接收的语音。在一些示例中，音频数据流可包括与第二电子设备相关联的先前记录的语音或合成语音(例如，语音邮件提示或自动应答服务、自动语音响应菜单等)。具体地讲，可播放、生成或由第二电子设备传输记录的语音或合成语音。
在框806处，可存储在框804处接收的对话的至少一部分。具体地，该对话可存储在电子设备的缓冲区或存储器中。在该对话包括音频数据流的示例中，音频数据流可存储在电子设备的连续缓冲区(例如，存储器202或470)中或远程服务器的存储器中。在这些示例中，可在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的语音通信之前，连续地存储音频数据流而不删除来自存储器的音频数据流的任何部分。另选地，音频数据流的至少一部分可存储在电子设备的圆形缓冲区(例如，音频电路210的缓冲区)中。圆形缓冲区可以是连续覆盖其内容的先进先出(FIFO)缓冲区。具体地，最近接收的音频数据帧可连续地覆盖音频数据的最旧存储帧。圆形缓冲区可以是任何大小。例如，圆形缓冲区可被配置为存储音频数据流的最近N秒，其中N为预先确定的数字(例如，10或20)。此外，应当认识到，在一些示例中，可使用电子设备的处理器(例如，处理器220)、电子设备的存储器(例如，存储器202)和存储在存储器中并由处理器执行的音频处理程序来实现圆形缓冲区。具体地讲，音频处理程序可包括用于在存储器中仅存储音频数据流的最近N秒并且连续地覆盖存储器中的较旧音频数据帧的指令。仅存储音频数据流的最近N秒可能是减少隐私顾虑所希望的。具体地讲，因为在任何给定时间仅存储小段时间的音频数据，所以在任何未经授权分发对话的情况下，用户的曝光可以被最小化。此外，仅存储最近N秒而不是整个音频数据流可能需要更少的计算资源，并且因此可改善电子设备的电池寿命。
在框808处，可以检测用户输入。用户输入可对应于指示用户打算在与对话相关的电子设备上执行任务的动作。用户输入可为用户发起的任何输入，并且可对应于用于使得框810、812或814被自动执行的预先确定的触发条件(例如，不需要附加的用户干预)。在一些示例中，用户输入可由电子设备的物理传感器(例如，加速度计268、麦克风213、触敏显示器系统212、光学传感器264、接触强度传感器265等)检测。
在一些示例中，可由电子设备的接近传感器(例如，光学传感器264)检测用户输入。具体地讲，用户输入可对应于用户移动电子设备(例如，移动电话)远离用户面部以查看电子设备的显示器。当电子设备邻近用户的面部定位时，在电话呼叫(例如，语音对话)期间可能希望这样。在该示例中，接近传感器可最初定位在距表面(例如，用户的面部)小于阈值距离处，并且用户输入可包括改变电子设备的位置，使得接近传感器被定位成距表面大于阈值距离(例如，将电子设备远离用户的面部移动)。因此，在该示例中，检测用户输入可包括电子设备的接近传感器检测电子设备远离表面的移动。
在一些示例中，可以由电子设备的加速度计(例如，加速度计268)检测用户输入。在该示例中，用户输入可包括定位电子设备以供用户查看电子设备的显示器。具体地讲，用户输入可包括提升或旋转电子设备，使得显示器面向用户。另选地，用户输入可包括摇动电子设备。例如，这些移动可对应于从用户的口袋或用户的包中取出电子设备以查看电子设备的显示器。因此，在该示例中，检测用户输入可包括由电子设备的加速度计检测电子设备的预先确定的移动。
在另一个示例中，用户输入可包括对电子设备上的示能表示的用户选择。示能表示可以是电子设备的物理按钮。另选地，示能表示可被显示在电子设备的触摸屏(触摸屏212)上。因此，在这些示例中，检测用户输入可包括检测电子设备上的示能表示的用户选择。
在一些示例中，用户输入可与导航到电子设备的用户界面相关联。在这些示例中，检测用户输入可使得用户界面被显示在电子设备的显示器上。用户界面可被配置为基于所接收的对话显示信息。具体地讲，可经由用户界面显示对应于框814处的多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息。
在一些示例中，用户输入可以是对应于从所接收的对话中提取信息的用户意图的语音命令。例如，用户输入可以是语音命令“嘿，Siri，记住那个电话号码”或“嘿，Siri，将那件事放在我的日历中。”在这些示例中，语音命令可包括调用数字助理以处理语音命令的预定义触发短语(例如，“嘿，Siri”)。可通过电子设备的麦克风(例如，麦克风213)接收语音命令，并且可将语音命令(例如，使用STT处理模块730)转录成文本。然后可(例如，使用自然语言处理模块732)处理文本以确定用户意图。在这些示例中，用户意图可被确定为包括从所接收的对话中提取信息。
在一些示例中，可以经由通信地耦接到电子设备的第三电子设备(例如，设备122)来检测用户输入。例如，第三电子设备可为通信地耦接到电子设备的手表或个人计算机。在这些示例中，用户输入可提供在第三电子设备上，并且电子设备可经由从第三电子设备传输到电子设备的对应信号来检测用户输入。这对于电话呼叫而言是期望的，其中电子设备保持靠近用户的面部，从而使得用户更方便地在通信地耦接到电子设备的独立设备上提供用户输入。
在框804的对话包括文本的示例中，用户输入可定义文本的一部分。例如，用户输入可包括经由电子设备的用户界面突出显示或选择文本的部分。文本的该部分可对应于要在框814处分析的部分，以确定该部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种的信息。通过允许用户定义要在框814处分析的对话的该部分，可对最相关的信息进行处理以获取主动协助。这样可提高提供的主动协助的准确性和相关性。
虽然在该示例中，框810包括检测用户输入，但应当认识到，在其他示例中，框810可包括检测任何预定义的触发条件。在这些示例中，触发条件不需要由电子设备的用户发起。例如，触发条件可基于该对话，该对话可包括与电子设备的用户和/或第二电子设备的用户相关联的音频或文本输入。可连续监测该对话以识别一个或多个触发结构。该一个或多个触发结构可包括可能对用户感兴趣的关键字或短语(例如，“电话”、“号码”、“会议”、“明天”等)。此外，一个或多个触发结构可包括对应于下文在框814中所述的多种类型信息中的一种的信息。例如，一个或多个触发结构可包括对应于电话号码序列的一部分(例如，1-800-…)或电子邮件地址的一部分(例如，john@...)的文本、数字或声音模式。在对话包括语音/音频的示例中，可使用音频模型监测该对话以识别一个或多个触发结构。音频模型可为计算强度较低的音频模型，其消耗比常规音频模型更少的功率。这可使得能够连续地利用音频模型，同时接收音频数据流以检测一个或多个触发结构。在检测到对话中的一个或多个触发结构时，可确定满足触发条件。在这些示例中，可响应于确定已满足触发条件来执行框810、812或814。
在框804处接收的对话包括音频数据流的示例中，可执行框810或812。在框804处接收的对话包括文本的示例中，不需要执行框810和814。在框810处，可确定音频数据流的音频质量是否大于阈值。具体地讲，可连续监测音频数据流以确定音频质量。音频质量的确定可基于例如音频帧率、音频比特率或音频误帧率。响应于确定音频数据流的音频质量大于阈值，可执行框812-816中的一个或多个。响应于确定音频数据流的音频质量不大于阈值(例如，音频质量差)，可结束过程800。框810处的确定可能是増加框812处生成的文本表示的准确性所需的。具体地讲，差的音频质量可导致在框812处生成不准确的文本表示，并且产生无意义的结果。
在其他示例中，可基于在框812处生成的文本表示来确定音频质量。具体地讲，一开始可执行框812(下文描述)以生成包含在音频数据流的至少一部分中的语音的文本表示。框812的文本表示可与表示文本表示对应于音频数据流的至少一部分中所包含的语音可能性的置信度分数相关联。在这些示例中，音频质量可基于置信度分数。响应于确定音频数据流的音频质量(例如，文本表示的置信度分数)大于阈值，可执行框814-816中的一个或多个。响应于确定音频数据流的音频质量(例如，文本表示的置信度分数)不大于阈值，可结束过程800。
在框812处，可生成包含在音频数据流的至少一部分中的语音的文本表示。可通过在音频流的至少一部分上执行语音转文本处理(例如，使用STT处理模块730)来生成文本表示。可在电子设备处执行语音转文本处理。另选地，可在远程服务器处执行语音转本文处理。具体地讲，该电子设备可使得通过将音频流的至少一部分传输到远程服务器以进行语音转文本处理来生成文本表示。
在一些示例中，可以将音频数据流连续转换为文本。在这些示例中，可在框804处接收音频数据流时自动执行框812而无需用户干预。另外，在这些示例中，文本表示可对应于在框804处接收到的整个音频数据流中所包含的语音。在其他示例中，音频数据流的至少一部分可小于整个音频数据流。具体地讲，音频数据流的该部分可包括在检测用户输入之前的音频数据流的预先确定的持续时间。在这些示例中，可响应于在框808处检测到用户输入(或触发条件)来生成包含在音频流的至少一部分中的语音的文本表示。如上所述，可以使用圆形缓冲区(或使用音频处理程序)缓存音频数据流，其中仅存储音频数据流的最新部分(例如，最近N秒)。因此，在这些示例中，音频数据流的至少一部分可以是在框808处检测到用户输入(或触发条件)时存储在圆形缓冲区(或使用音频处理程序的存储器)中的音频数据流的最新部分。在一些示例中，音频数据流的至少一部分可包括在检测到在框808处检测到用户输入(或触发条件)之前接收到的音频数据流的一部分和检测到用户输入(或触发条件)之后接收到的音频数据流的一部分。此外，在音频流中识别一个或多个触发结构的示例中，音频数据流的至少一部分可包括在检测到音频数据流中的一个或多个触发结构之前的音频数据流的一部分和检测到音频数据流中的一个或多个触发结构之后的音频数据流的一部分。
可能有利的是用户针对音频数据流的至少一部分触发语音转文本处理。这可能是因为用户触发允许用户识别包含对用户感兴趣的信息的音频流的部分。因此，过程800可集中于从音频流的识别部分确定相关信息，这样可减少误报并提高主动协助的准确性和相关性。此外，用户触发还可通过为用户提供对分析语音通信哪些部分以及接下来存储什么信息的更大控制感来改善用户关注的问题。这样可减轻电子设备的用户和第二电子设备的用户的隐私问题。
在一些示例中，音频数据流的至少一部分可基于句子边界。具体地讲，可分析音频数据流以确定句子边界。可使用音频数据流的波形分析来做出确定。例如，可分析音频数据流的时域和/或频域特征以确定句子边界。时域特征可包括例如过零速率、短时间能量、光谱能量、光谱平坦度和自相关。频域特征可包括(例如)梅尔频率倒谱系数、线性预测性倒谱系数和梅尔频率离散小波系数。在一个示例中，可分析音频数据流的频谱能量(例如，振幅)，并且可识别在预先确定时间间隔内频谱能量从高于第一阈值水平降低至低于第二阈值水平的句子边界。在这些示例中，音频数据流的至少一部分可具有对应于第一句子边界的起点和对应于第二句子边界的终点。这减小了文本表示包含不完整的句子的可能性，这样减小了不完整的信息的可能性。
如上所述，音频数据流可包括来自电子设备的用户和第二电子设备的用户两者的语音对话。在一些示例中，文本表示可包括对应于音频数据流的至少一部分中的两个用户语音的文本。通过这种方式，可捕获来自两个用户的信息以确定要在框816处执行的适当任务。在其他示例中，可仅将与第二电子设备相关联的语音转录成文本。例如，音频数据流的至少一部分可包括第二电子设备的用户的语音数据，但可不包括电子设备的用户的语音数据。另选地，音频数据流可包括两个用户的语音数据，但可仅将包含第二电子设备的用户的语音数据的音频数据流的该部分转录为文本。在这些示例中，生成文本表示的音频数据流的至少一部分可包括第二电子设备的用户的语音数据，但可不包括电子设备的用户的语音数据。
可以使用语音识别模型(例如，声音模型和语言模型)生成文本表示。语音识别模型可基于音频数据流的编码。例如，在音频数据流包括GSM编码的数字音频数据的示例中，可使用GSM编码的数字语音数据训练语音识别模型。这样可提高生成的文本表示的准确性。
在一些示例中，可利用存储在电子设备上的用户数据来训练用于生成文本表示的语音识别模型。用户数据可包括与用户输入相关联的任何数据，诸如电子设备的地址簿中的姓名和/或地址、在电子设备的地图应用上先前搜索到的位置、文本输入等。使用用户数据对语音识别模型进行训练可提高识别常规文本语料库中不常用名称或位置的准确度。此外，在一些示例中，语音识别模型可被优化以识别特定类型的信息，诸如地址、电话号码、人员姓名或日期。例如，可使用与这些特定类型的信息对应的语音和文本大样本来训练语音识别模型。这样可提高识别包含这些特定类型信息的语音的准确性。
在一些示例中，可在框812处确定用于生成文本表示的适当语音识别模型。具体地讲，不同的语音识别模型可与不同语言相关联。在一些示例中，可基于与第二电子设备相关联的电话号码的国家代码来确定适当的语音识别模型。具体地讲，在框812处，可以基于常规的来电者识别技术或基于在电子设备处拨打的号码来确定国家代码，以建立与第二电子设备的语音通信。根据确定的国家代码，可以选择适当的语音识别模型。所选择的语音识别模型可与在与国家代码对应的国家中主要使用的语言相关联。例如，如果确定国家代码为“1”(美国或加拿大)，则可选择英语语音识别模型。然后可将所选择的英语语音识别模型用于语音转文本处理以在框812处生成文本表示。
在其他示例中，可基于与使用相应语音识别模型处理音频数据流的至少一部分相关联的置信度分数来确定用于生成文本表示的适当语音识别模型。具体地讲，可以使用若干语音识别模型来处理音频数据流的至少一部分，并可以选择与最高置信度分数相关联的语音识别模型以生成文本表示。例如，可确定与使用英语语音模型处理音频数据流的该部分相关联的第一置信度分数。还可确定与使用法语语音识别模型处理音频数据流的该部分相关联的第二置信度分数。根据确定第二置信度分数大于第一置信度分数，可使用法语语音识别模型生成文本表示。
在框814处，可确定该对话一部分的文本表示是否包含与多种类型信息中的一种对应的信息。在对话包括音频数据流的示例中，对话的至少一部分的文本表示可为在框812处生成的文本表示。在对话包括文本的示例中，对话的至少一部分的文本表示可包括文本的至少一部分。文本的至少一部分可以是对话的整个文本。另选地，文本的至少一部分可小于对话的整个文本。在一些示例中，文本的至少一部分可包括与第二电子设备的用户相关联的文本，但不包括与电子设备的用户相关联的文本。在一些示例中，文本的至少一部分可对应于由框808的用户输入定义的文本的部分。
多种类型的信息可包括可能对用户感兴趣的信息类型，诸如例如联系人信息(例如，电话号码、电子邮件地址、名称等)、位置信息(例如，地址、景点、地标、餐馆等)、事件信息、时间信息、交通信息(例如，航班信息、交通时间表信息、交通工具信息等)、媒体信息(例如，电影、音乐、视频游戏、书籍等)等。在一些示例中，多种类型信息中的一种或多种可与文本模式或语法结构相关联。例如，七个或更多个数字的序列可与电话号码相关联。在另一个示例中，包括字符“@”的文本字符的序列可与电子邮件地址相关联。在另一个示例中，以“www”开头或以“.com”结束的文本字符的序列可与web地址信息相关联。因此，框814处的确定可包括分析文本表示以识别对应于多种类型信息中的一种的此类文本模式或语法结构。
在一些示例中，多种类型信息中的一种或多种可与特定关键字相关联。例如，关键字“道路”，“大道”或“街道”可与位置信息相关联。在另一个示例中，关键字“星期一”、“昨天”、“下周”或“点钟”可与时间信息相关联。因此，框814处的确定可包括分析文本表示以识别对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的一个或多个此类关键字。
在一些示例中，多种类型信息中的一种或多种可与一个或多个知识本体域相关联。在这些示例中，框814可包括对文本表示(例如，使用自然语言处理732)执行自然语言处理以确定对应于文本表示的域。该域可以是作为知识本体(例如，知识本体760)的部分的多个域中的一个域。在一个此类示例中，文本表示可包括短语“我们在飞往纽约的航班上预订了座位20C”。基于分析这一短语中的词语(例如，“预订”、“座位”、“航班”、“纽约”)，可确定文本表示对应于与旅行相关的域或与交通相关的域。因此，框814处的确定可包括确定文本表示是否对应于与多种类型信息中的一种相关联的域。
用于识别文本(例如，文本表示)中包含的相关信息的附加示例在美国专利5,946,647中进行了描述，出于所有目的将其内容以引用方式全文并入本文。
在一些示例中，在确定文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种的信息时，框814还可包括确定信息是否完整。例如，文本表示可包括文本“加利福尼亚州旧金山……大街。”基于该文本表示，可以确定文本表示包括位置信息。此外，可以确定位置信息不完整，因为其缺少街道名称和街道号码。在这些示例中，可分析框804的对话的更大部分以获取缺失的信息。在对话包含文本的示例中，可以分析文本的更大部分。具体地讲，可获取来自与文本的该部分不同的文本的第二部分的第二信息。在对话包括音频流的示例中，可以将音频数据流的更大部分转换为文本，然后可对其进行分析以获取缺失信息。具体地讲，响应于确定该信息不完整，可生成包含在音频数据流的第二部分中的语音的第二文本表示。第二部分可不同于音频数据流的第一部分。例如，音频数据流的第二部分可在音频数据流的第一部分之前(例如，更早或并非最近)。然后可获取来自音频数据流的第二部分的第二信息。例如，在前述示例中，第二信息可包括缺少的街道名称和街道号码(例如，市场街100号)。此外，在这些示例中，框816的一个或多个任务可基于该信息和第二信息两者。
响应于确定文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种的信息，可执行框816。在框816处，可执行一个或多个任务。一个或多个任务可基于框814的信息。此外，在确定对应于文本表示的域的示例中，一个或多个任务可基于该域。在建立对话通信时或对话通信结束后，可执行一个或多个任务。在一些示例中，可在建立对话通信时执行一个或多个任务的一部分，并且可在对话通信结束之后执行一个或多个任务的一部分。
该一个或多个任务可用于通知用户，在框814处从音频数据流识别出了相关信息。具体地讲，该一个或多个任务可包括导致与待提供的信息相关联的标记。在一些示例中，标记可以是显示在电子设备上的通知。通知可以是指示相关信息被识别的图形或文本通知。此外，通知可包括所识别类型的信息的详情。在其他示例中，标记可以是在电子设备处提供的声音或语音通知。在其他示例中，标记可为在电子设备处提供的触觉输出(例如振动或轻击)。
在一些示例中，与信息相关联的标记可提供在第三电子设备(例如，设备122)上。如上所述，第三电子设备可以是例如可通信地耦接到电子设备并由电子设备的用户使用的个人计算机或手表。在这些示例中，电子设备可在第三电子设备上显示标记。例如，电子设备可显示关于第三电子设备上所识别信息的通知。除此之外或另选地，通知可以是声音/语音通知的形式或第三电子设备上的触觉(例如，振动或轻击)通知的形式。利用第三电子设备来提供标记是可取的，因为在电子设备与第二电子设备之间建立对话通信时用户可能无法访问电子设备。例如，用户可在电话呼叫期间将电子设备置于其耳朵上，无法查看在电子设备上显示的任何通知。因此，在第三电子设备上提供标记可使得用户能够识别标记并且继而查看与标记相关联的所识别的信息。
在一些示例中，在电子设备处于锁定状态中时，可经由电子设备的用户界面提供标记。例如，参考图9A，在电子设备900处于锁定状态中时，可显示用户界面902。具体地讲，在处于锁定状态中时，如果不成功认证用户(例如，提供口令、指纹等)，用户是不能访问电子设备900的大部分特征部的。如图所示，在电子设备900处于锁定状态中时，经由用户界面902显示图标904和906。图标904和906可以是与框814的信息相关联的标记。具体地讲，图标904和906可通知用户在所接收的对话中识别出了相关信息。在该示例中，图标904和906可指示在对话中分别识别出了事件信息和电话号码信息。在一些示例中，图标904和906可为用户可选的。响应于检测到用户选择图标904或906，可执行对应动作。例如，对应动作可包括在电子设备上(例如，经由用户界面902)显示相应的信息。在具体示例中，可响应于检测到用户选择图标906来显示电话号码信息或发起基于电话号码信息的电话呼叫。
在一些示例中，执行的一个或多个任务可包括显示框814的信息。可在电子设备的显示器(例如触摸屏212)上或在第三电子设备的显示器上显示信息。在图9B所示的例示性示例中，可在电子设备900和第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时显示电话用户界面910。在该示例中，框814的信息可包括电话号码908。如图9B所示，在框816处，可将电话号码908显示在电子设备900的显示器上。电话号码908可被显示在电话用户界面910上或覆盖于电话用户界面910上的独立条幅上。在一些示例中，电话号码908可仅在语音通信的持续时间期间被显示，并且可在结束电子设备900与第二电子设备之间的语音通信时停止显示。在其他示例中，在结束电子设备900与第二电子设备之间的语音通信之后，电话号码908的显示器可在电子设备900上持续预先确定的持续时间。显示电话号码908可向用户指示电子设备的数字助理已将电话号码识别为相关信息并且已存储电话号码908。这可能是期望的，以允许用户方便地保存由第二电子设备的用户提供的电话号码，而无需在专注呼叫时找到笔和纸张来记下电话号码或手动向电子设备中输入信息。
所显示的信息可为用户可选择的，其中选择所显示的信息可使得执行一个或多个附加动作。可响应于检测到用户选择所显示的信息来自动执行一个或多个附加动作。另选地，可向用户显示提示以确认执行一个或多个附加动作。然后可在接收响应于提示的用户确认时执行一个或多个附加动作。可在建立对话通信时或结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的对话通信之后执行一个或多个附加动作。
返回参考图9B，可检测用户选择所显示的电话号码908。响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码908，可基于电话号码908发起语音呼叫。应当认识到，语音呼叫可以是电话呼叫、VoIP呼叫、视频电话呼叫等。在另一个示例中，响应于检测到用户选择显示的电话号码908，可以与电子设备的地址簿(例如，联系人模块237的地址簿)相关联地存储所显示的电话号码908。具体地讲，电话号码908可存储在地址簿的联系人中。在另一个示例中，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码908，可发起文本消息的撰写。具体地讲，文本消息的接收人字段可被自动填充电话号码908，因此可将文本消息发送至与电话号码908相关联的电子设备。
在一些示例中，可通过用户界面显示框814的信息。例如，参考图9C，可响应于检测到第二用户输入来显示用户界面912。用户界面912可被配置为显示从电子设备900和第二电子设备之间当前建立的对话通信中识别的信息以及从先前建立的对话通信识别的信息。如图所示，可经由用户界面912显示电话号码908。类似于图9A，电话号码908可经由用户界面912由用户选择，其中响应于检测到用户选择电话号码908，可执行一个或多个附加动作。在一些示例中，在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的对话通信之后，信息(例如，电话号码908)可保持在用户界面912上。如果需要，这可以为用户提供在结束对话通信之后持久保存信息的机会。具体地讲，用户将能够参考信息并在结束对话通信之后执行与信息相关联的动作。此外，在一些示例中，在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的对话通信之后预先确定的时间，可从用户界面912移除信息(例如，电话号码908)。这可用于维护用户的隐私，其中基于对话通信提取(而不是随后由用户保存)的信息可在预先确定时间量之后被自动清除。
在一些示例中，执行的一个或多个任务可包括存储框814的信息。该信息可本地存储在电子设备的存储器(例如，存储器202)中。另选地，信息可以远程存储在服务器上。具体地讲，信息可存储在数据库中。该数据库可包括从电子设备和远程电子设备之间的对话通信中提取的过去和当前信息的集合。在具体示例中，可将信息存储在与在电子设备上实现的数字助理相关联的数据库中。该数据库可被数字助理用作对用户请求做出响应的知识库。例如，从所接收的对话的至少一部分识别的电话号码可存储在与数字助理相关联的数据库中。在从用户接收与电话号码相关联的语音命令时(例如，“刚才的电话号码是什么”)，电子设备可从与数字助理相关联的数据库检索电话号码。
在一些示例中，在框816处执行的一个或多个任务可特定于电子设备的应用。具体地讲，一个或多个任务可包括基于框814的信息识别电子设备的对应应用。在识别对应于该信息的应用时，该信息可被显示在应用的用户界面上。此外，响应于检测到与应用的用户界面上的信息相关联的用户输入，可以使用应用执行相应的动作。例如，参考图9D，框814的信息可包括位置信息“加利福尼亚州旧金山市场街100号。”基于这一位置信息，可识别电子设备的地图应用(例如，地图应用的地图模块254)。在识别地图应用时，可将位置信息显示在地图应用的用户界面914上。如图所示，用户界面914可包括用于输入要使用地图应用搜索的位置或地址的搜索字段916。用户界面914还可包括具有位置或地址的列表918。列表918可包括先前通过搜索字段916输入或搜索的位置。此外，在框804处接收的对话中识别的位置信息920(加利福尼亚州旧金山市场街100号)可显示于用户界面914上的列表918中。在该示例中，位置信息920可为用户可选的。响应于检测到用户选择位置信息920，可执行相应的动作。具体地讲，可自动将位置信息920输入到搜索字段916中，并且地图应用程序可基于位置信息920执行搜索。指示与位置信息920相关联的位置的地图可显示在电子设备上。
如上文在框806中所述，该对话的至少一部分可存储在电子设备的缓冲区或存储器中。此外，在对话包括音频流的示例中，框812的文本表示也可存储在电子设备的存储器中。为了保护用户的隐私，在框816处存储之后预先确定的时间，或在执行一个或多个任务之后预先确定的时间，可以从存储器移除所存储对话和/或文本表示的至少一部分。在框816处执行一个或多个任务之后，框814的信息可保持被存储在电子设备的存储器中。在一些示例中，除非用户另有指示，否则可在执行一个或多个任务之后预先确定的时间从存储器中自动移除信息。
下文提供了基于从设备间对话通信获取的信息来主动执行任务的另外的例示性示例。在每个示例中，实施过程800的电子设备都可基于从对话通信获取的信息主动预计和执行用户可能希望执行的动作。在一些示例中，第二电子设备的用户可能希望向电子设备的用户提供其新的电子邮件地址。框804的对话因此可包括电子邮件地址，并且框814的信息可包括该电子邮件地址。在这些示例中，框816的一个或多个任务可包括在电子设备上显示该电子邮件地址(或表示电子邮件地址的示能表示)。此外，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，可发起撰写电子邮件消息。电子邮件消息的接收人可以基于该电子邮件地址。具体地，该电子邮件地址可被自动填充到电子邮件消息的接收人字段中。另选地，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，可将该电子邮件地址添加到电子设备的地址簿的联系人中。
在一些示例中，第二电子设备的用户可在与电子设备的用户对话通信期间提供见面位置。框804的对话因此可包括位置(例如，加利福尼亚州旧金山市场街100号)，并且框814的信息可包括该位置。在该示例中，一个或多个任务可包括显示指示位置的地图。此外，该一个或多个任务可包括提供到达该位置的方向。具体地讲，可(例如，使用电子设备的GPS传感器)获取电子设备的当前位置，然后可确定从所获取的当前位置到对话中的位置的方向。可在地图上显示方向。此外，该一个或多个任务可包括提供行进距离或估计的行进时间。具体地讲，一个或多个任务可包括确定当前位置和该位置之间的距离或估计的行进时间。可在电子设备上显示该距离或估计的行进时间。在一些示例中，该一个或多个任务还可包括确定与该位置相关联的一个或多个兴趣点。可通过在该位置附近(例如，在预先确定的距离内)对餐馆、加油站、热门地标等进行搜索来确定兴趣点。可在地图上显示一个或多个兴趣点。
在一些示例中，框804的对话可包括时间信息。例如，第二设备的用户可提出会面去吃午饭的时间。因此，框814的信息可包括时间信息。在这些示例中，一个或多个任务可包括显示对应于时间信息的用户时间表。用户时间表可与电子设备的日历应用程序(例如，日历模块248的日历应用程序)相关联地存储在电子设备上。这可能是希望的情况，以允许电子设备的用户快速且方便地检查其时间表，从而为第二电子设备的用户提供关于所提议的时间的快速响应。
在一些示例中，框804的对话可包括事件信息。例如，第二电子设备的用户可邀请电子设备的用户在将来某天参加生日聚会。事件信息可与时间信息相关联(例如，事件的时间和日期)，并且可包括附加信息，诸如事件的地点和事件的描述。在这些示例中，一个或多个任务可包括显示事件信息。此外，该电子设备可使得用户能够方便地将事件信息添加到用户的日历中。具体地，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的事件信息，可在电子设备的日历应用程序中生成日历事件。日历事件可基于事件信息和时间信息。此外，可提供附加的相关任务以基于事件信息主动地协助用户。例如，可显示关于事件或事件场所的信息(例如，餐馆评论、准入费用、预订信息、行车方向等)。
在一些示例中，框804的对话可包括交通信息。例如，第二电子设备的用户可提供航班号、机场名称、目的地名称、火车线路信息、交通时间表、公交车次、火车站名称等。因此，框814的信息可包括此类交通信息。在这些示例中，一个或多个任务可包括获取并显示与交通信息相关联的附加信息。具体地讲，与交通信息相关联的附加信息可包括时间表信息、路线信息、交通工具信息或座位布置信息。在交通信息是目的地名称的特定示例中，附加信息可包括用于从当前位置飞往目的地的各种航班选项。具体地，可提供航班预订网站，并且可执行和显示各种航班选项的搜索。
在一些示例中，框804的对话可包括联系人信息。例如，第二电子设备的用户可提供来自电子设备的用户的联系人信息或请求联系人信息(例如，“John的电话号码是什么？”)。因此，框814的信息可包括对应于电子设备的地址簿中的联系人的名称。在这些示例中，一个或多个任务可包括(例如，在电子设备或第三电子设备上)显示地址簿中联系人的联系人信息(例如，John的电话号码)。此外，响应于(在电子设备处或在第三电子设备处)接收与所显示的联系人信息相关联的用户输入，可将联系人信息发送至第二电子设备。
在一些示例中，框804的对话可包括媒体项的属性。例如，第二电子设备的用户可提供标题名称、演员姓名或媒体项的角色姓名(例如，“想去看《碟中谍》吗？”)。媒体项可以是歌曲、电影、视频游戏、电视节目、视频剪辑、书籍、出版物等。因此，框814的信息可包括媒体项的属性。在这些示例中，一个或多个任务可包括显示媒体项的属性。此外，一个或多个任务可包括执行与媒体项相关联的附加动作。具体地讲，可获取并显示与媒体项相关联的媒体信息。媒体信息可包括演出时间、评论、剧情介绍、购买信息等。例如，可以获取并显示在电子设备的当前位置附近放映《碟中谍-神秘国度》的电影院的放映时间和列表。
在框804的对话包括音频数据流的示例中，过程800还可包括确定音频数据流的一部分是否包括留下语音邮件消息的提示。例如，可分析框812的文本表示以确定其是否包含与语音邮件提示相关联的关键字或短语(例如，“我无法接听”或“留言”)。除此之外，可分析音频数据流以确定其是否包含与语音邮件提示相关联的特定声音或声调(例如，“嘟嘟”)。响应于确定该音频数据流的该部分包括留下语音邮件消息的提示，可发起文本消息的撰写。可将文本消息的地址指向第二电子设备。例如，可获取用于与第二电子设备建立对话通信(例如，电话呼叫)的电话号码，并且可在文本消息的接收字段中自动填充该电话号码。此类主动动作是符合需求的，因为通常，用户往往会发送文本消息而不是留下语音消息。因此，电子设备可主动地协助用户提供改善的用户体验。
在一些示例中，第二电子设备可与自动应答服务相关联。在这些示例中，过程800可包括确定音频数据流的一部分是否包括自动语音菜单的一部分。该确定可基于识别关键字或短语，诸如“按1”、“菜单选项”或“自动”。除此之外或另选地，该确定可基于用于在框802处建立对话通信(例如，电话呼叫)的电话号码。例如，该电话号码可被确定为与自动银行服务相关联。另外，该确定可基于对应于音频数据流的该部分的文本表示的知识本体域。响应于确定音频数据流的该部分包括自动语音菜单的一部分，可显示自动语音菜单的视觉表示。该视觉表示可基于与自动应答服务的先前语音交互而被生成，并且对帮助用户通过语音菜单导航而无需首先收听自动语音菜单中的所有选项可能是需要的。
在一些示例中，可基于与第二电子设备相关联的用户或实体将相关用户数据主动提供给用户。具体地讲，过程800可包括识别与音频数据流的该部分相关联的商业实体。该识别可基于用于与第二电子设备建立对话通信的电话号码。对于基于文本的通信而言，该识别可基于与第二电子设备相关联的电子邮件地址或其他寻址信息。响应于识别商业实体，可检索与商业实体相关联的用户数据。用户数据可包括与电子设备的用户相关联并且可被电子设备访问的任何信息。例如，用户数据可基于地址为该用户或由用户发送的电子邮件或在电子设备处接收的任何用户输入。在一个示例中，如果商业实体是快递公司(例如FedEx或UPS)，则用户数据可包括用户最近发送或基于最近购买正等待的包裹的跟踪号码。在另一个示例中，如果商业实体是以电子设备用户为客户的银行，则用户数据可包括用户的银行账号。可在电子设备与第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时，显示用户数据。这使得用户能够方便地访问与商业实体通信所需的相关信息。
5.其他电子设备
图10示出了根据各种所述示例的原理进行配置的电子设备1000的功能框图。该设备的功能块可任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图10中所述的功能块可任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合、分离或进一步限定。
如图10所示，电子设备1000可包括被配置为显示信息并从用户接收输入的触摸屏显示单元1002、被配置为接收音频输入(例如，语音输入)的音频输入单元1004、被配置为感测用户输入的传感器单元1005，以及被配置为传输和接收信息(例如，对话通信，诸如语音数据或文本数据)的通信单元1006。电子设备1000还可包括处理单元1008，该处理单元耦接至触摸屏显示单元1002、音频输入单元1004、传感器单元1005和通信单元1006。在一些示例中，处理单元1008可包括通信使能单元1010、接收单元1012、检测单元1014、生成单元1016、确定单元1018、执行单元1020、显示使能单元1022、获取单元1024、移除单元1026、执行单元1028、检索单元1030、发起单元1032、存储单元1034、识别单元1036和选择单元1038。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1008被配置为在电子设备1000与第二电子设备之间(例如，利用通信单元1006和/或通信使能单元1010)建立语音通信。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1012并经由通信单元1006)接收与第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用检测单元1014)检测用户输入。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于检测到用户输入，(例如，利用生成单元1016)生成包含在音频数据流的一部分中的语音的文本表示。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于确定文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，(例如，利用执行单元1020)基于该信息执行一个或多个任务。在一些示例中，接收单元1012、检测单元1014、生成单元1016、确定单元1018和执行单元1020可被配置为在电子设备和第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时分别接收、检测、生成、确定和执行。
在一些示例中，用户输入由电子设备的物理传感器(例如，传感器单元1005)检测。
在一些示例中，电子设备1000还可包括接近传感器(例如，传感器单元1005)。接近传感器被定位成距表面小于阈值距离，并且用户输入包括改变电子设备900的位置，使得接近传感器被定位成距表面大于阈值距离。
在一些示例中，通过电子设备的加速度计(传感器单元1005)检测用户输入，并且用户输入包括定位电子设备900以供用户查看电子设备900的显示器(例如，触摸屏显示单元1002)。
在一些示例中，用户输入包括选择电子设备900上的示能表示。在一些示例中，检测用户输入使得用户界面被显示于电子设备900的显示器(例如，触摸屏显示单元1002)上。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为通过用户界面(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和在触摸屏显示单元1002上)显示信息。
在一些示例中，用户输入包括用户话语，并且检测用户输入包括检测用户话语中的一个或多个触发字。
在一些示例中，用户输入包括语音命令，并且检测用户输入包括确定语音命令对应于从音频数据流提取信息的用户意图。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定信息是否完整。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于确定信息不完整，(例如，利用生成单元1016)生成包含在与音频数据流的第一部分不同的音频数据流的第二部分中的语音的文本表示。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用获取单元1024)从音频数据流的第二部分获取第二信息，其中一个或多个任务基于第二信息。
在一些示例中，该一个或多个任务包括存储该信息，以及提供与该信息相关联的标记。
在一些示例中，与信息相关联的标记被提供于第三电子设备上。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为在电子设备900处于锁定状态时(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和在触摸屏显示单元1002上)显示第二用户界面。提供与该信息相关联的该标记包括在电子设备900处于锁定状态时在第二用户界面上显示该标记。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到用户选择第二用户界面上的标记，(例如，利用显示使能单元1022)在触摸屏显示单元1002上显示信息。
在一些示例中，一个或多个任务包括显示信息。
在一些示例中，经由电子设备的第三用户界面显示该信息。
在一些示例中，在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的语音通信之后，信息保持在电子设备的第三用户界面上。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的语音通信之后，(例如，利用移除单元1026)从电子设备900的第三用户界面移除信息。
在一些示例中，该一个或多个任务包括基于该信息识别电子设备的应用，以及在该应用的用户界面上显示该信息。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到与应用的用户界面上的信息相关联的第二用户输入，(例如，利用执行单元1028)执行使用该应用的对应动作。
在一些示例中，该一个或多个任务包括将信息存储在与实现于电子设备上的数字助理相关联的数据库中。处理单元1008被进一步配置为，在接收与信息相关联的语音命令时，(例如，利用检索单元1030)从数据库检索信息。
在一些示例中，该信息包括电话号码，并且该一个或多个任务包括显示电话号码。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，(例如，利用发起单元1032)基于该电话号码发起语音呼叫。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，(例如，利用存储单元1034)与电子设备的地址簿相关联地存储该电话号码。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，(例如，利用发起单元1032)发起文本消息撰写，其中文本消息的接收人基于该电话号码。
在一些示例中，该信息包括电子邮件地址，并且其中该一个或多个任务包括显示电子邮件地址。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，(例如，利用发起单元1032)发起电子邮件消息的撰写，其中电子邮件消息的接收人基于该电子邮件地址。
在一些示例中，该信息包括位置，并且该一个或多个任务包括显示指示该位置的地图。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用获取单元1024)获取电子设备的当前位置。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定从电子设备的当前位置到信息中该位置的方向。处理单元1008被进一步配置为在地图上(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和在触摸屏显示单元1002上)显示该方向。
在一些示例中，一个或多个任务还包括确定与信息中的位置相关联的一个或多个兴趣点，并且在地图上显示该一个或多个兴趣点。
在一些示例中，一个或多个任务还包括确定电子设备的当前位置与信息中的该位置之间的估计行进时间，以及显示估计的行进时间。
在一些示例中，该信息包括时间信息，该一个或多个任务包括显示对应于该时间信息的用户时间表，并且将该用户时间表与电子设备的日历应用程序相关联地存储于电子设备上。
在一些示例中，该信息包括与时间信息相关联的事件信息，其中一个或多个任务包括显示事件信息。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于检测到用户选择所显示的事件信息，(例如，利用生成单元1016)生成电子设备的日历应用程序中的日历事件，其中该日历事件基于事件信息和时间信息。
在一些示例中，该信息包括交通信息，其中该一个或多个任务包括获取与交通信息相关联的附加信息。与交通信息相关联的附加信息包括时间表信息、路线信息、交通工具信息或座位布置信息。
在一些示例中，该信息包括对应于电子设备的地址簿中的联系人的姓名，并且该一个或多个任务包括显示联系人的联系人信息。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为，响应于接收与所显示的联系人信息相关联的第三用户输入，(例如，利用通信使能单元1010并经由通信单元1008)向第二电子设备发送联系人信息。
在一些示例中，该信息包括媒体项的属性，其中一个或多个任务包括显示媒体项的属性。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用获取单元1024)获取与媒体项相关联的媒体信息。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和触摸屏显示单元1002)显示与媒体项相关联的媒体信息。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定音频数据流的该部分是否包括留下语音邮件消息的提示。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于确定音频数据流的部分包括留下语音邮件消息的提示，(例如，利用发起单元1032)发起地址为第二电子设备的文本消息的撰写。
在一些示例中，基于电话号码在电子设备与第二电子设备之间建立语音通信，并且将文本消息地址指向该电话号码。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定音频数据流的该部分是否包括自动语音菜单的一部分。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于确定音频数据流的部分包括自动语音菜单的一部分，(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和在触摸屏显示单元1002上)显示自动语音菜单的视觉表示。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用识别单元1036)基于音频数据流的一部分来识别商业实体。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于识别出商业实体，(例如，利用检索单元1030)检索与商业实体相关联的用户数据，并在电子设备与第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和在触摸屏显示单元1002上)显示该用户数据。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定对应于文本表示的域。该域是知识本体的一部分，并且其中该一个或多个任务基于该域。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用存储单元1034)在电子设备的存储器中存储音频数据流的部分和文本表示，以及在执行一个或多个任务之后(例如，利用移除单元1026)从存储器中删除音频数据流的部分和文本表示。
在一些示例中，音频数据流的该部分小于整个音频数据流。在一些示例中，音频数据流的该部分包括在检测用户输入之前的音频数据流的预先确定的持续时间。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定音频数据流中的句子边界，其中音频数据流的该部分基于句子边界。
在一些示例中，该音频数据流包括第二电子设备的用户的语音数据，并且不包括电子设备的用户的语音数据。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定音频数据流的音频质量是否大于阈值，其中响应于确定音频数据流的音频质量大于阈值而生成文本表示。
在一些示例中，使用语音识别模型来生成文本表示，所述语音识别模型是利用GSM编码的数字语音数据训练的。在一些示例中，使用语音识别模型来生成文本表示，所述语音识别模型是利用存储在电子设备上的用户数据训练的。在一些示例中，使用经优化以识别地址、电话号码、人员姓名或日期的第二语音识别模型来生成文本表示。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定与第二电子设备相关联的国家代码，并且(例如，利用选择单元1038)基于国家代码选择第三语音识别模型，其中使用第三语音识别模型生成文本转录。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定与使用第四语音识别模型处理音频数据流的该部分相关联的第一置信度分数，并且(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定与使用第五语音识别模型处理音频数据流的该部分相关联的第二置信度分数，其中根据确定第二置信度分数大于第一置信度分数，使用第五语音识别模型来生成文本表示。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用存储单元1034)在圆形缓冲区中存储音频数据流。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用存储单元1034)在存储器中存储音频数据流，而不在结束电子设备与第二电子设备之间的语音通信之前从存储器中删除音频数据流的任何部分。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1008被配置为(例如，利用通信单元1006和/或通信使能单元1010)建立与第二电子设备的对话通信。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1012)接收与第二电子设备相关联的文本。处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用检测单元1014)检测用户输入。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于检测到用户输入，(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定文本的一部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息的一种类型信息的信息。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于确定文本的该部分包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，(例如，利用执行单元1020)基于该信息执行一个或多个任务。
在一些示例中，该用户输入定义文本的该部分。在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为经由用户界面(例如，利用显示使能单元1022并经由触摸屏显示单元1002)显示信息。
在一些示例中，用户输入包括语音命令，并且检测用户输入包括确定语音命令对应于从文本提取信息的用户意图。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定信息是否完整。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于确定该信息不完整，(例如，利用获取单元1024)从与文本的该部分不同的文本的第二部分获取第二信息，其中一个或多个任务基于第二信息。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用识别单元1036)识别与文本相关的商业实体。处理单元1008被进一步配置为响应于识别出商业实体，(例如，利用检索单元1030)检索与商业实体相关联的用户数据，并且(例如，利用显示使能单元1022和经由触摸屏显示单元1002)显示该用户数据。
在一些示例中，处理单元1008被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1018)确定对应于文本的该部分的域，其中该域是知识本体的部分，并且其中一个或多个任务基于该域。在一些示例中，文本的该部分小于整个文本。
以上参考图8描述的操作可任选地由图1-图4、图6A-图6B和图7A中描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程800的操作可以由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718；应用模块724；I/O处理模块728；STT处理模块730；自然语言处理模块732；任务流处理模块736；服务处理模块738；或一个或多个处理器220、410、704。本领域的普通技术人员会清楚地知道如何基于在图1-图4、图6A-图6B和图7A中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些具体实施，提供一种计算机可读存储介质(例如，非暂态计算机可读存储介质)，该计算机可读存储介质存储供电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所述方法或过程中的任一者的指令。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括用于执行本文所述的方法或过程中的任一者的装置。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括处理单元，该处理单元被配置为执行本文所述的方法或过程中的任一者。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括一个或多个处理器和存储用于由该一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个的指令。
示例性方法、非暂态计算机可读存储介质、系统和电子设备在以下各项中给出：
1.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的方法，所述方法包括：
在电子设备处：
在所述电子设备和第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时：
接收与所述第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，生成语音的文本表示，所述语音的文本表示包含在所述音频数据流的一部分中；
确定所述文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及响应于确定所述文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的物理传感器检测。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的接近传感器被定位成距表面小于阈值距离，并且其中所述用户输入包括改变所述电子设备的位置，使得所述接近传感器被定位成距所述表面大于所述阈值距离。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的加速度计检测，并且其中所述用户输入包括定位所述电子设备以供用户查看所述电子设备的显示器。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括在所述电子设备上选择示能表示。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其中检测所述用户输入使得将在所述电子设备的显示器上显示用户界面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括经由所述用户界面显示所述信息。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括用户话语，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括检测所述用户话语中的一个或多个触发字。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括语音命令，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括：
确定所述语音命令对应于从所述音频数据流提取信息的用户意图。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述信息是否完整；
响应于确定所述信息不完整，生成语音的文本表示，所述语音的文本包含在表示与所述音频数据流的所述第一部分不同的所述音频数据流的第二部分中；以及从所述音频数据流的所述第二部分获取第二信息，其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述第二信息。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
存储所述信息；以及提供与所述信息相关联的标记。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中与所述信息相关联的所述标记被提供于第三电子设备上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时显示第二用户界面，并且其中提供与所述信息相关联的所述标记包括在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时在所述第二用户界面上显示所述标记。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所述第二用户界面上的所述标记，在所述电子设备上显示所述信息。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述信息。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中经由所述电子设备的第三用户界面显示所述信息。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中在结束所述电子设备和设备之间的所述语音通信之后，所述信息保持在所述电子设备的所述第三用户界面上。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中在结束所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间的所述语音通信之后的预先确定的时间，从所述电子设备的所述第三用户界面移除所述信息。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
基于所述信息识别所述电子设备的应用程序；以及在所述应用程序的用户界面上显示所述信息。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到与所述应用程序的所述用户界面上的所述信息相关联的第二用户输入，执行使用所述应用程序的相应动作。
21.根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括将所述信息存储在数据库中，所述数据库与在所述电子设备上实现的数字助理相关联，其中在接收与所述信息相关联的语音命令时，所述电子设备使得从所述数据库检索所述信息。22.根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电话号码，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电话号码。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，基于所述电话号码发起语音呼叫。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，与所述电子设备的地址簿相关联地存储所述电话号码。
25.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，发起文本消息的撰写，其中所述文本消息的接收人基于所述电话号码。
26.根据权利要求1至25中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电子邮件地址，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电子邮件地址。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，发起电子邮件消息的撰写，其中所述电子邮件消息的接收人基于所述电子邮件地址。
28.根据权利要求1至27中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括位置，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示指示所述位置的地图。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
获取所述电子设备的当前位置；
确定从所述电子设备的所述当前位置到所述信息中的所述位置的方向；以及在所述地图上显示所述方向。
30.根据权利要求28至29中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定与所述信息中的所述位置相关联的一个或多个兴趣点；以及在所述地图上显示所述一个或多个兴趣点。
31.根据权利要求28至30中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定所述电子设备的当前位置与所述信息中的所述位置之间的估计行进时间；以及显示所述估计的行进时间。
32.根据权利要求1至31中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括时间信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示对应于所述时间信息的用户时间表，并且其中将所述用户时间表与所述电子设备的日历应用程序相关联地存储在所述电子设备上。
33.根据权利要求1至32中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括与所述时间信息相关联的事件信息，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述事件信息。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的事件信息，在所述电子设备的日历应用程序中生成日历事件，其中所述日历事件基于所述事件信息和所述时间信息。
35.根据权利要求1至34中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括交通信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括获取与所述交通信息相关联的附加信息，并且其中与所述交通信息相关联的所述附加信息包括时间表信息、路线信息、交通工具信息或座位布置信息。36.根据权利要求1至35中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括对应于所述电子设备的地址簿中的联系人的名称，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述联系人的联系人信息。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法，还包括：
响应于接收到与所显示的联系人信息相关联的第三用户输入，将所述联系人信息发送到所述第二电子设备。
38.根据权利要求1至37中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括媒体项的属性，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述媒体项的所述属性。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法，还包括：
获取与所述媒体项相关联的媒体信息；以及显示与所述媒体项相关联的所述媒体信息。
40.根据权利要求1至39中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分是否包括留下语音邮件消息的提示；以及
响应于确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分包括留下语音邮件消息的提示：
发起地址指向所述第二电子设备的文本消息的撰写。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中基于电话号码在所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间建立所述语音通信，并且其中将所述文本消息地址指向所述电话号码。
42.根据权利要求1至41中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分是否包括自动语音菜单的一部分；以及
响应于确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分包括自动语音菜单的一部分，显示所述自动语音菜单的视觉表示。
43.根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述音频数据流的所述一部分识别商业实体；以及
响应于识别所述商业实体：
检索与所述商业实体相关联的用户数据；以及
在所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时显示所述用户数据。
44.根据权利要求1至43中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定对应于所述文本表示的域，其中所述域是知识本体的部分，并且其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述域。
45.根据权利要求1至44中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
将所述音频数据流的所述一部分和所述文本表示存储在所述电子设备的存储器中；以及
在执行所述一个或多个任务之后从所述存储器中删除所述音频数据流的所述一部分和所述文本表示。
46.根据权利要求1至45中任一项所述的方法，其中所述音频数据流的所述一部分小于整个所述音频数据流。
47.根据权利要求1至46中任一项所述的方法，其中所述音频数据流的所述一部分包括在检测所述用户输入之前的所述音频数据流的预先确定的持续时间。
48.根据权利要求1至47中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流中的句子边界，其中所述音频数据流的所述一部分基于所述句子边界。
49.根据权利要求1至48中任一项所述的方法，其中所述音频数据流包括所述第二电子设备的用户的语音数据并且不包括所述电子设备的用户的语音数据。
50.根据权利要求1至49中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流的音频质量是否大于阈值，其中响应于确定所述音频数据流的所述音频质量大于所述阈值来生成所述文本表示。
51.根据权利要求1至50中任一项所述的方法，其中使用语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示，所述语音识别模型是利用GSM编码的数字语音数据训练的。
52.根据权利要求1至51中任一项所述的方法，其中使用语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示，所述语音识别模型是利用存储在所述电子设备上的用户数据训练的。
53.根据权利要求1至52中任一项所述的方法，其中使用经优化以识别地址、电话号码、人名或日期的第二语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示。
54.根据权利要求1至53中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定与所述第二电子设备相关联的国家代码；以及基于所述国家代码选择第三语音识别模型，其中使用所述第三语音识别模型来生成文本转录。
55.根据权利要求1至54中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定与使用第四语音识别模型处理所述音频数据流的所述一部分相关联的第一置信度分数；以及
确定与使用第五语音识别模型处理所述音频数据流的所述一部分相关联的第二置信度分数，其中根据确定所述第二置信度分数大于所述第一置信度分数而使用所述第五语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示。
56.根据权利要求1至55中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
将所述音频数据流存储在圆形缓冲区中。
57.根据权利要求1至55中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
在结束所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间的所述语音通信之前，将所述音频数据流存储在存储器中而不从所述存储器中删除所述音频数据流的任何部分。
58.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的方法，所述方法包括：
在电子设备处：
接收与第二电子设备相关联的文本；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，确定所述文本的一部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；并且
响应于确定所述文本的所述一部分包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
59.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入定义所述文本的所述一部分。
60.根据权利要求58至59中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的物理传感器检测。
61.根据权利要求58至60中任一项所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的接近传感器被定位成距表面小于阈值距离，并且其中所述用户输入包括改变所述电子设备的位置，使得所述接近传感器被定位成距所述表面大于所述阈值距离。
62.根据权利要求58至61中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的加速度计检测，并且其中所述用户输入包括定位所述电子设备以供用户查看所述电子设备的显示器。
63.根据权利要求58至62中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括选择所述电子设备上的示能表示。
64.根据权利要求58至63中任一项所述的方法，其中检测所述用户输入使得将在所述电子设备的显示器上显示用户界面。
65.根据权利要求64所述的方法，还包括经由所述用户界面显示所述信息。
66.根据权利要求58至65中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括用户话语，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括检测所述用户话语中的一个或多个触发字。
67.根据权利要求58至66中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括语音命令，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括：
确定所述语音命令对应于从所述文本提取信息的用户意图。68.根据权利要求58至67中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述信息是否完整；
响应于确定所述信息不完整，从与所述文本的所述一部分不同的所述文本的第二部分获取第二信息，其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述第二信息。
69.根据权利要求58至68中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
存储所述信息；以及提供与所述信息相关联的标记。
70.根据权利要求69所述的方法，其中与所述信息相关联的所述标记被提供于第三电子设备上。
71.根据权利要求69所述的方法，其中在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时显示第二用户界面，并且其中提供与所述信息相关联的所述标记包括在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时在所述第二用户界面上显示所述标记。
72.根据权利要求71所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所述第二用户界面上的所述标记，在所述电子设备上显示所述信息。
73.根据权利要求58至72中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述信息。
74.根据权利要求73所述的方法，其中经由所述电子设备的第三用户界面显示所述信息。
75.根据权利要求74所述的方法，其中在执行所述一个或多个任务之后的预先确定的时间，从所述电子设备的所述第三用户界面移除所述信息。
76.根据权利要求58至75中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
基于所述信息识别所述电子设备的应用程序；以及在所述应用的用户界面上显示所述信息。
77.根据权利要求76所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到与所述应用程序的所述用户界面上的所述信息相关联的第二用户输入，执行使用所述应用程序的相应动作。
78.根据权利要求58至77中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括将所述信息存储在数据库中，所述数据库与在所述电子设备上实现的数字助理相关联，其中在接收与所述信息相关联的语音命令时，所述电子设备使得从所述数据库检索所述信息。79.根据权利要求58至78中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电话号码，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电话号码。
80.根据权利要求79所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，基于所述电话号码发起语音呼叫。
81.根据权利要求79所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，与所述电子设备的地址簿相关联地存储所述电话号码。
82.根据权利要求79所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，发起文本消息的撰写，其中所述文本消息的接收人基于所述电话号码。
83.根据权利要求58至82中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电子邮件地址，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电子邮件地址。
84.根据权利要求83所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，发起电子邮件消息的撰写，其中所述电子邮件消息的接收人基于所述电子邮件地址。
85.根据权利要求58至84中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括位置，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示指示所述位置的地图。
86.根据权利要求85所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
获取所述电子设备的当前位置；
确定从所述电子设备的所述当前位置到所述信息中的所述位置的方向；以及在所述地图上显示所述方向。
87.根据权利要求85至86中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定与所述信息中的所述位置相关联的一个或多个兴趣点；以及在所述地图上显示所述一个或多个兴趣点。
88.根据权利要求85至87中任一项所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定所述电子设备的当前位置和所述信息中的所述位置之间的估计行进时间；以及显示所述估计的行进时间。
89.根据权利要求58至88中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括时间信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示对应于所述时间信息的用户时间表，并且其中将所述用户时间表与所述电子设备的日历应用程序相关联地存储于所述电子设备上。
90.根据权利要求58至89中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括与所述时间信息相关联的事件信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述事件信息。
91.根据权利要求90所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的事件信息，在所述电子设备的日历应用程序中创建日历事件，其中所述日历事件基于所述事件信息和所述时间信息。
92.根据权利要求58至91中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括交通信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括获取与所述交通信息相关联的附加信息，并且其中与所述交通信息相关联的所述附加信息包括时间表信息、路线信息、交通工具信息或座位布置信息。93.根据权利要求58至92中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括对应于所述电子设备的地址簿中的联系人的名称，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述联系人的联系人信息。
94.根据权利要求93所述的方法，还包括：
响应于接收到与所显示的联系人信息相关联的第三用户输入，将所述联系人信息发送到所述第二电子设备。
95.根据权利要求58至94中任一项所述的方法，其中所述信息包括媒体项的属性，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述媒体项的所述属性。
96.根据权利要求95所述的方法，还包括：
获取与所述媒体项相关联的媒体信息；以及显示与待显示的所述媒体项相关联的所述媒体信息。
97.根据权利要求58至96中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
识别与所述文本相关联的商业实体；以及响应于识别所述商业实体：
检索与所述商业实体相关联的用户数据；以及显示所述用户数据。
98.根据权利要求58至97中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定对应于文本的所述一部分的域，其中所述域是知识本体的部分，并且其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述域。
99.根据权利要求58至98中任一项所述的方法，其中所述文本的所述一部分小于整个文本。
100.一种算机可读介质，所述算机可读介质存储指令以用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助，所述指令当由一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1至99所述的方法中的任一种方法。
101.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的电子设备，所述电子设备包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
存储器，所述存储器具有存储在其中的指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1至99所述的方法中的任一种方法。
102.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的系统，所述系统包括用于执行根据权利要求1至99所述的方法中的任一种方法的装置。
103.一种电子设备，包括：
通信单元；和处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述通信单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
在所述电子设备和第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时：
经由所述通信单元接收与所述第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，生成语音的文本表示，所述语音的文本表示包含在所述音频数据流的一部分中；
确定所述文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及响应于确定所述文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
104.一种电子设备，包括：
通信单元；和处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述通信单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
经由所述通信单元接收与第二电子设备相关联的文本；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，确定所述文本的一部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及响应于确定所述文本的所述一部分包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
出于解释的目的，已经参考具体实施方案对上述描述进行了描述。然而，上面的例示性论述并非旨在为穷尽或将本发明限制为所公开的确切形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式是可能的。选择并描述这些实施方案是为了最好地解释这些技术的原理及其实际应用。本领域的其他技术人员由此能够最好地利用这些技术以及具有适合于所设想的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方案。
虽然参照附图对本公开以及示例进行了全面的描述，但应当注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。应当理解，此类变化和修改被认为被包括在由权利要求书所限定的本公开和示例的范围内。
如上所述，本发明技术的一个方面在于采集和使用得自各种来源的数据，以改进向用户递送其可能感兴趣的启发内容或任何其他内容。本公开设想，在一些实例中，该所采集的数据可包括唯一地识别或可用于联系或定位特定人员的个人信息数据。此类个人信息数据可包括人口数据、基于位置的数据、电话号码、电子邮件地址、家庭地址或任何其他识别信息。
本公开认识到在本发明技术中使用此类个人信息数据可用于使用户受益。例如，该个人信息数据可用于递送用户较感兴趣的目标内容。因此，使用此类个人信息数据使得能够对所递送的内容进行有计划的控制。此外，本公开还设想个人信息数据有益于用户的其他用途。
本公开还设想负责此类个人信息数据的收集、分析、公开、传输、存储或其他用途的实体将遵守已确立的隐私政策和/或隐私实践。具体地，此类实体应实施并坚持使用被公认为满足或超出对维护个人信息数据的隐私性和安全性的行业或政府要求的隐私政策和实践。例如，来自用户的个人信息应被收集用于实体的合法且合理的用途，并且不在这些合法使用之外共享或出售。另外，此类收集应仅在用户知情同意之后进行。除此之外，此类实体应采取任何所需的步骤，以保障和保护对此类个人信息数据的访问，并且确保有权访问个人信息数据的其他人遵守他们的隐私政策和程序。另外，此类实体可使其本身经受第三方评估以证明其遵守广泛接受的隐私政策和实践。
不管前述情况如何，本公开还设想用户选择性地阻止使用或访问个人信息数据的实施方案。即本公开设想可提供硬件元件和/或软件元件，以防止或阻止对此类个人信息数据的访问。例如，就广告递送服务而言，本发明的技术可被配置为在注册服务期间允许用户选择“加入”或“退出”参与对个人信息数据的收集。在另一个示例中，用户可选择不为目标内容递送服务提供位置信息。在另一个示例中，用户可选择不提供确切位置信息，但准许传输位置区域信息。
因此，虽然本公开广泛地覆盖了使用个人信息数据来实现一个或多个各种所公开的实施方案，但本公开还设想各种实施方案也可在无需访问此类个人信息数据的情况下被实现。即，本发明技术的各种实施方案不会由于缺少此类个人信息数据的全部或一部分而无法正常进行。例如，可通过基于非个人信息数据或绝对最小量的个人信息诸如与用户相关联的设备所请求的内容、对内容递送服务可用的其他非个人信息或公开可用信息来推断偏好，从而选择内容并递送至用户。
Claims (104)
1.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的方法，所述方法包括：
在电子设备处：
在所述电子设备和第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时：
接收与所述第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，生成语音的文本表示，所述语音的文本表示包含在所述音频数据流的一部分中；
确定所述文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及
响应于确定所述文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的物理传感器检测。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的接近传感器被定位成距表面小于阈值距离，并且其中所述用户输入包括改变所述电子设备的位置，使得所述接近传感器被定位成距所述表面大于所述阈值距离。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的加速度计检测，并且其中所述用户输入包括定位所述电子设备以供用户查看所述电子设备的显示器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括选择所述电子设备上的示能表示。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中检测所述用户输入使得将在所述电子设备的显示器上显示用户界面。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括经由所述用户界面显示所述信息。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括用户话语，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括检测所述用户话语中的一个或多个触发字。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括语音命令，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括：
确定所述语音命令对应于从所述音频数据流提取信息的用户意图。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述信息是否完整；
响应于确定所述信息不完整，生成语音的文本表示，所述语音的文本表示包含在与所述音频数据流的所述第一部分不同的所述音频数据流的第二部分中；以及
从所述音频数据流的所述第二部分获取第二信息，其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述第二信息。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
存储所述信息；以及
提供与所述信息相关联的标记。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中与所述信息相关联的所述标记被提供于第三电子设备上。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时显示第二用户界面，并且其中提供与所述信息相关联的所述标记包括在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时在所述第二用户界面上显示所述标记。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所述第二用户界面上的所述标记，在所述电子设备上显示所述信息。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述信息。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中经由所述电子设备的第三用户界面显示所述信息。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中在结束所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间的所述语音通信之后，所述信息保持在所述电子设备的所述第三用户界面上。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中在结束所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间的所述语音通信之后的预先确定的时间，从所述电子设备的所述第三用户界面移除所述信息。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
基于所述信息识别所述电子设备的应用程序；以及
在所述应用程序的用户界面上显示所述信息。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到与所述应用程序的所述用户界面上的所述信息相关联的第二用户输入，执行使用所述应用程序的相应动作。
21.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括将所述信息存储在数据库中，所述数据库与在所述电子设备上实现的数字助理相关联，其中在接收与所述信息相关联的语音命令时，所述电子设备使得从所述数据库检索所述信息。
22.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电话号码，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电话号码。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，基于所述电话号码发起语音呼叫。
24.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，与所述电子设备的地址簿相关联地存储所述电话号码。
25.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，发起文本消息的撰写，其中所述文本消息的接收人基于所述电话号码。
26.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电子邮件地址，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电子邮件地址。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，发起电子邮件消息的撰写，其中所述电子邮件消息的接收人基于所述电子邮件地址。
28.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括位置，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示指示所述位置的地图。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
获取所述电子设备的当前位置；
确定从所述电子设备的所述当前位置到所述信息中的所述位置的方向；以及
在所述地图上显示所述方向。
30.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定与所述信息中的所述位置相关联的一个或多个兴趣点；以及
在所述地图上显示所述一个或多个兴趣点。
31.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定所述电子设备的当前位置和所述信息中的所述位置之间的估计行进时间；以及
显示所述估计的行进时间。
32.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括时间信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示对应于所述时间信息的用户时间表，并且其中将所述用户时间表与所述电子设备的日历应用程序相关联地存储于所述电子设备上。
33.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括与时间信息相关联的事件信息，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述事件信息。
34.根据权利要求33所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的事件信息，在所述电子设备的日历应用程序中生成日历事件，其中所述日历事件基于所述事件信息和所述时间信息。
35.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括交通信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括获取与所述交通信息相关联的附加信息，并且其中与所述交通信息相关联的所述附加信息包括时间表信息、路线信息、交通工具信息或座位布置信息。
36.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括对应于所述电子设备的地址簿中的联系人的名称，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述联系人的联系人信息。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法，还包括：
响应于接收到与所显示的联系人信息相关联的第三用户输入，将所述联系人信息发送到所述第二电子设备。
38.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述信息包括媒体项的属性，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述媒体项的所述属性。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法，还包括：
获取与所述媒体项相关联的媒体信息；以及
显示与所述媒体项相关联的所述媒体信息。
40.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分是否包括留下语音邮件消息的提示；以及
响应于确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分包括留下语音邮件消息的提示：
发起地址指向所述第二电子设备的文本消息的撰写。
41.根据权利要求40所述的方法，其中基于电话号码在所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间建立所述语音通信，并且其中将所述文本消息地址指向所述电话号码。
42.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分是否包括自动语音菜单的一部分；以及
响应于确定所述音频数据流的所述一部分包括自动语音菜单的一部分，显示所述自动语音菜单的视觉表示。
43.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述音频数据流的所述一部分识别商业实体；以及
响应于识别所述商业实体：
检索与所述商业实体相关联的用户数据；以及
在所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时显示所述用户数据。
44.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定对应于所述文本表示的域，其中所述域是知识本体的部分，并且其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述域。
45.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
将所述音频数据流的所述一部分和所述文本表示存储在所述电子设备的存储器中；以及
在执行所述一个或多个任务之后从所述存储器中删除所述音频数据流的所述一部分和所述文本表示。
46.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述音频数据流的所述一部分小于整个所述音频数据流。
47.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述音频数据流的所述一部分包括在检测所述用户输入之前的所述音频数据流的预先确定的持续时间。
48.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流中的句子边界，其中所述音频数据流的所述一部分基于所述句子边界。
49.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述音频数据流包括所述第二电子设备的用户的语音数据且不包括所述电子设备的用户的语音数据。
50.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述音频数据流的音频质量是否大于阈值，其中响应于确定所述音频数据流的所述音频质量大于所述阈值来生成所述文本表示。
51.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使用语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示，所述语音识别模型是利用GSM编码的数字语音数据训练的。
52.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使用语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示，所述语音识别模型是利用存储在所述电子设备上的用户数据训练的。
53.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使用经优化以识别地址、电话号码、人名或日期的第二语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示。
54.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定与所述第二电子设备相关联的国家代码；以及
基于所述国家代码选择第三语音识别模型，其中使用所述第三语音识别模型来生成文本转录。
55.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
确定与使用第四语音识别模型处理所述音频数据流的所述一部分相关联的第一置信度分数；以及
确定与使用第五语音识别模型处理所述音频数据流的所述一部分相关联的第二置信度分数，其中根据确定所述第二置信度分数大于所述第一置信度分数而使用所述第五语音识别模型来生成所述文本表示。
56.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
将所述音频数据流存储在圆形缓冲区中。
57.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
在结束所述电子设备和所述第二电子设备之间的所述语音通信之前，将所述音频数据流存储在存储器中而不从所述存储器中删除所述音频数据流的任何部分。
58.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的方法，所述方法包括：
在电子设备处：
接收与第二电子设备相关联的文本；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，确定所述文本的一部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及
响应于确定所述文本的所述一部分包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
59.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入定义所述文本的所述一部分。
60.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的物理传感器检测。
61.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述电子设备的接近传感器被定位成距表面小于阈值距离，并且其中所述用户输入包括改变所述电子设备的位置，使得所述接近传感器被定位成距所述表面大于所述阈值距离。
62.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入由所述电子设备的加速度计检测，并且其中所述用户输入包括定位所述电子设备以供用户查看所述电子设备的显示器。
63.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括选择所述电子设备上的示能表示。
64.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中检测所述用户输入使得将在所述电子设备的显示器上显示用户界面。
65.根据权利要求64所述的方法，还包括经由所述用户界面显示所述信息。
66.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括用户话语，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括检测所述用户话语中的一个或多个触发字。
67.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述用户输入包括语音命令，并且其中检测所述用户输入包括：
确定所述语音命令对应于从所述文本提取信息的用户意图。
68.根据权利要求58所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述信息是否完整；
响应于确定所述信息不完整，从与所述文本的所述一部分不同的所述文本的第二部分获取第二信息，其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述第二信息。
69.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
存储所述信息；以及
提供与所述信息相关联的标记。
70.根据权利要求69所述的方法，其中与所述信息相关联的所述标记被提供于第三电子设备上。
71.根据权利要求69所述的方法，其中在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时显示第二用户界面，并且其中提供与所述信息相关联的所述标记包括在所述电子设备处于锁定状态时在所述第二用户界面上显示所述标记。
72.根据权利要求71所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所述第二用户界面上的所述标记，在所述电子设备上显示所述信息。
73.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述信息。
74.根据权利要求73所述的方法，其中经由所述电子设备的第三用户界面显示所述信息。
75.根据权利要求74所述的方法，其中在执行所述一个或多个任务之后的预先确定的时间，从所述电子设备的所述第三用户界面移除所述信息。
76.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括：
基于所述信息识别所述电子设备的应用程序；以及
在所述应用程序的用户界面上显示所述信息。
77.根据权利要求76所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到与所述应用程序的所述用户界面上的所述信息相关联的第二用户输入，执行使用所述应用程序的相应动作。
78.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务包括将所述信息存储在数据库中，所述数据库与在所述电子设备上实现的数字助理相关联，其中在接收与所述信息相关联的语音命令时，所述电子设备使得从所述数据库检索所述信息。
79.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电话号码，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电话号码。
80.根据权利要求79所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，基于所述电话号码发起语音呼叫。
81.根据权利要求79所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，与所述电子设备的地址簿相关联地存储所述电话号码。
82.根据权利要求79所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电话号码，发起文本消息的撰写，其中所述文本消息的接收人基于所述电话号码。
83.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括电子邮件地址，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述电子邮件地址。
84.根据权利要求83所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的电子邮件地址，发起电子邮件消息的撰写，其中所述电子邮件消息的接收人基于所述电子邮件地址。
85.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括位置，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示指示所述位置的地图。
86.根据权利要求85所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
获取所述电子设备的当前位置；
确定从所述电子设备的所述当前位置到所述信息中的所述位置的方向；以及
在所述地图上显示所述方向。
87.根据权利要求85所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定与所述信息中的所述位置相关联的一个或多个兴趣点；以及
在所述地图上显示所述一个或多个兴趣点。
88.根据权利要求85所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个任务还包括：
确定所述电子设备的当前位置和所述信息中的所述位置之间的估计行进时间；以及
显示所述估计的行进时间。
89.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括时间信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示对应于所述时间信息的用户时间表，并且其中将所述用户时间表与所述电子设备的日历应用程序相关联地存储于所述电子设备上。
90.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括与时间信息相关联的事件信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述事件信息。
91.根据权利要求90所述的方法，还包括：
响应于检测到用户选择所显示的事件信息，在所述电子设备的日历应用程序中创建日历事件，其中所述日历事件基于所述事件信息和所述时间信息。
92.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括交通信息，其中所述一个或多个任务包括获取与所述交通信息相关联的附加信息，并且其中与所述交通信息相关联的所述附加信息包括时间表信息、路线信息、交通工具信息或座位布置信息。
93.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括对应于所述电子设备的地址簿中的联系人的名称，并且其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述联系人的联系人信息。
94.根据权利要求93所述的方法，还包括：
响应于接收到与所显示的联系人信息相关联的第三用户输入，将所述联系人信息发送到所述第二电子设备。
95.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述信息包括媒体项的属性，其中所述一个或多个任务包括显示所述媒体项的所述属性。
96.根据权利要求95所述的方法，还包括：
获取与所述媒体项相关联的媒体信息；以及
显示与待显示的所述媒体项相关联的所述媒体信息。
97.根据权利要求58所述的方法，还包括：
识别与所述文本相关联的商业实体；以及
响应于识别所述商业实体：
检索与所述商业实体相关联的用户数据；以及
显示所述用户数据。
98.根据权利要求58所述的方法，还包括：
确定对应于所述文本的一部分的域，其中所述域是知识本体的部分，并且其中所述一个或多个任务基于所述域。
99.根据权利要求58所述的方法，其中所述文本的所述一部分小于整个文本。
100.一种计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质存储指令以用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助，所述指令当由一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1至99所述的方法中的任一种方法。
101.一种电子设备，所述电子设备用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助，所述电子设备包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
存储器，所述存储器具有存储在其中的指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1至99所述的方法中的任一种方法。
102.一种用于基于设备间的对话通信提供主动协助的系统，所述系统包括用于执行根据权利要求1至99所述的方法中的任一种方法的装置。
103.一种电子设备，包括：
通信单元；和
处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述通信单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
在所述电子设备和第二电子设备之间建立语音通信时：
经由所述通信单元接收与所述第二电子设备相关联的音频数据流；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，生成语音的文本表示，所述语音的文本表示包含在所述音频数据流的一部分中；
确定所述文本表示是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及
响应于确定所述文本表示包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
104.一种电子设备，包括：
通信单元；和
处理单元，所述处理单元耦接到所述通信单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
经由所述通信单元接收与第二电子设备相关联的文本；
检测用户输入；
响应于检测到所述用户输入，确定所述文本的一部分是否包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息；以及
响应于确定所述文本的所述一部分包含对应于多种类型信息中的一种类型信息的信息，基于所述信息执行一个或多个任务。
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