CN107978313B - 智能自动化助理 - Google Patents

智能自动化助理 Download PDF

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CN107978313B
CN107978313B CN201710774568.2A CN201710774568A CN107978313B CN 107978313 B CN107978313 B CN 107978313B CN 201710774568 A CN201710774568 A CN 201710774568A CN 107978313 B CN107978313 B CN 107978313B
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audio output
electronic equipment
user
equipment
task
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CN107978313A (zh
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H·J·萨德勒
A·T·派尔西
G·L·温伯格
S·L·布克
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Apple Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
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    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/017—Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/0482—Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/165—Management of the audio stream, e.g. setting of volume, audio stream path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/167—Audio in a user interface, e.g. using voice commands for navigating, audio feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
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    • G10L13/02—Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers
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    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/08—Speech classification or search
    • G10L15/18—Speech classification or search using natural language modelling
    • G10L15/1815—Semantic context, e.g. disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word meaning
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    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
    • G06F3/04817—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/08—Speech classification or search
    • G10L2015/088—Word spotting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/221—Announcement of recognition results
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
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    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/223—Execution procedure of a spoken command
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    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/225—Feedback of the input speech

Abstract

本发明题为：“智能自动化助理”。本发明公开了用于操作自动化助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，电子设备经由所述电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出。在提供所述音频输出时，所述电子设备经由所述电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入。所述电子设备基于所述自然语言语音输入和所述音频输出获取用户意图的表示，基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；并且执行所识别的任务。

Description

智能自动化助理
技术领域
本公开整体涉及智能系统，更具体地讲，涉及为智能自动化助理提供基于语音的接口。
背景技术
智能自动化助理可帮助用户在电子设备上访问内容和执行任务。在大多数情况下，用户至少部分地依赖常规的图形用户界面与此类设备进行交互。然而，在一些情况下，可能会在显示能力有限或无显示能力的电子设备上实现智能自动化助理。因此，智能自动化助理可能需要依赖基于听觉的接口来与用户进行交互。
发明内容
本文公开了示例性方法。用于操作自动化助理的示例性方法包括：在具有扬声器和麦克风的电子设备处，经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出；在经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出时，经由该电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入；基于自然语言语音输入和音频输出获取用户意图的表示；基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；以及执行所识别的任务。
用于操作自动化助理的示例性方法包括：在具有麦克风和扬声器的电子设备处，经由该电子设备的麦克风对音频输入进行采样，其中音频输入包括口头触发；响应于对音频输入进行采样，经由该电子设备的扬声器提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出。在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，该电子设备接收自然语言语音输入，并且基于该自然语言语音输入获取用户意图的表示。电子设备基于用户意图执行任务。
用于操作自动化助理的示例性方法包括：在具有扬声器的电子设备处，接收指示内容的第一自然语言语音输入；经由扬声器提供第一音频输出，其中音频输出包括用于呈现内容的多种格式；接收指示对所述多种格式中一种格式的选择的第二自然语言语音输入；以及经由扬声器提供第二音频输出，该第二音频输出包括以所述多种格式中的所选格式对内容的呈现。
本文公开了示例性非暂态计算机可读存储介质。示例性非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得设备：经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出；在经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出时，经由该电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入；基于该自然语言语音输入和音频输出获取用户意图的表示；基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；并且执行所识别的任务。
示例性非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得设备：经由该电子设备的麦克风对音频输入进行采样，其中音频输入包括口头触发；响应于对音频输入进行采样，经由该电子设备的扬声器提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出。该指令还使得设备：在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，接收自然语言语音输入，并且基于该自然语言语音输入获取用户意图的表示。该指令还使得设备基于用户意图执行任务。
示例性非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得设备：接收指示内容的第一自然语言语音输入；经由该电子设备的扬声器提供第一音频输出，其中音频输出包括用于呈现内容的多种格式；接收指示对所述多种格式中一种格式的选择的第二自然语言语音输入；并且经由扬声器提供第二音频输出，该第二音频输出包括以所述多种格式中的所选格式对内容的呈现。
本文公开了示例性设备。用于操作自动化助理的示例性电子设备包括：一个或多个处理器、存储器、扬声器、麦克风和一个或多个程序，其中该一个或多个程序存储在存储器中并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，该一个或多个程序包括用于进行以下操作的指令：经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出；在经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出时，经由该电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入；基于该自然语言语音输入和音频输出获取用户意图的表示；基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；并且执行所识别的任务。
用于操作自动化助理的示例性电子设备包括：一个或多个处理器、存储器、麦克风、扬声器和一个或多个程序，其中该一个或多个程序存储在存储器中并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，该一个或多个程序包括用于进行以下操作的指令：经由该电子设备的麦克风对音频输入进行采样，其中音频输入包括口头触发；响应于对音频输入进行采样，经由该电子设备的扬声器提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出；在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时：接收自然语言语音输入；并且基于该自然语言语音输入获取用户意图的表示；并且基于用户意图执行任务。
示例性电子设备包括：一个或多个处理器、存储器、扬声器和一个或多个程序，其中该一个或多个程序存储在存储器中并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，该一个或多个程序包括用于进行以下操作的指令：接收指示内容的第一自然语言语音输入；经由扬声器提供第一音频输出，其中音频输出包括用于呈现内容的多种格式；接收指示对所述多种格式中一种格式的选择的第二自然语言语音输入；并且经由扬声器提供第二音频输出，该第二音频输出包括以所述多种格式中的所选格式对内容的呈现。
用于操作自动化助理的示例性电子设备包括：扬声器；麦克风；用于经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出的装置；用于在经由该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出时，经由该电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入的装置；用于基于该自然语言语音输入和音频输出获取用户意图的表示的装置；用于基于所获取的用户意图识别任务的装置；以及用于执行所识别的任务的装置。
用于操作自动化助理的示例性电子设备包括：麦克风；扬声器；用于经由该电子设备的麦克风对音频输入进行采样的装置，其中音频输入包括口头触发；用于响应于对音频输入进行采样，经由该电子设备的扬声器提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出的装置；在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时：用于接收自然语言语音输入的装置；以及用于基于该自然语言语音输入获取用户意图的表示的装置；以及用于基于用户意图执行任务的装置。
用于操作自动化助理的示例性电子设备包括：扬声器；用于接收指示内容的第一自然语言语音输入的装置；用于经由扬声器提供第一音频输出的装置，其中音频输出包括用于呈现内容的多种格式；用于接收指示对所述多种格式中一种格式的选择的第二自然语言语音输入的装置；以及用于经由扬声器提供第二音频输出的装置，该第二音频输出包括以所述多种格式中的所选格式对内容的呈现。
附图说明
为了更好地理解各种所述实施方案，应该结合以下附图参考下面的具体实施方式，在附图中，类似的附图标号在所有附图中指示对应的部分。
图1是示出根据各种示例的用于实现数字助理的系统和环境的框图。
图2A是示出了根据一些实施方案的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备的框图。
图2B是示出根据各种示例的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。
图3示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备。
图4是根据各种示例的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。
图5A示出了根据各种示例的便携式多功能设备上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。
图5B示出了根据各种示例的具有与显示器分开的触敏表面的多功能设备的示例性用户界面。
图6A示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备。
图6B是示出根据各种示例的个人电子设备的框图。
图7A是示出根据各种示例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的框图。
图7B示出了根据各种示例的图7A所示的数字助理的功能。
图7C示出了根据各种示例的知识本体的一部分。
图8A至图8D示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程。
图9A至图9G示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程。
图10A至图10G示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程。
图11A至图11B示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程的流程图。
图12A至图12B示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程的流程图。
图13A至图13B示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程的流程图。
图14示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
图15示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
图16示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
具体实施方式
在以下对本公开和实施方案的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示的方式示出了可被实践的特定实施方案。应当理解，在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可实践其他实施方案和实施例并且可做出变化。
用于提供智能自动化助理的基于语音的接口的技术是合乎需要的。如本文所述，所述技术改进了用户与电子设备进行交互的能力，从而提高了效率。所述技术可减少由于电子设备对用户输入的冗余响应而导致的计算需求和另外消耗的电池电力。
尽管以下描述使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种元件，但这些元件不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一个元件与另一元件区分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例范围的情况下，第一输入可被称为第二输入，并且类似地，第二输入可被称为第一输入。第一输入和第二输入可都是输入，并且在一些情况下可为独立且不同的输入。
在本文中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例的目的，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个(“a”，“an”)”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。还应当理解，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联地列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还应当理解，术语“包括”(“includes”、“including”、“comprises”和/或“comprising”)在本说明书中使用时是指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其分组。
根据上下文，术语“如果”可被解释为意指“当...时”(“when”或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定...”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可被解释为意指“在确定...时”或“响应于确定...”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
1.系统和环境
图1示出了根据各种示例的系统100的框图。在一些示例中，系统100可实现数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”可指解译口头形式和/或文本形式的自然语言输入来推断用户意图，并基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了根据推断出的用户意图采取行动，系统可执行以下内容中的一者或多者：通过设计用以实现所推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数来识别任务流；将来自推断出的用户意图的具体要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等来执行任务流；以及生成对用户的听觉(例如，语音)和/或视觉形式的输出响应。
具体地讲，数字助理可能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求可寻求数字助理作出信息性回答，或寻求数字助理执行任务。针对用户请求的令人满意的响应可以是提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务，或这两者的组合。例如，用户可向数字助理提出问题，诸如“我现在在哪里？”基于用户的当前位置，数字助理可回答“您在中央公园西门附近。”用户还可请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友下周来参加我女朋友的生日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求，并然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送到用户的电子通讯录中列出的用户朋友中的每个朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时可在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除了提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还可提供其他视觉或音频形式(例如，作为文本、提示、音乐、视频、动画等)的响应。
如图1中所示，在一些示例中，数字助理可根据客户端-服务器模型来实现。数字助理可包括在用户设备104上执行的客户端侧部分102(后文称作“DA客户端102”)，以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102可通过一个或多个网络110与DA服务器106通信。DA客户端102可提供客户端侧功能，诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，以及与DA服务器106通信。DA服务器106可为各自位于相应用户设备104上的任意数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能。
在一些示例中，DA服务器106可包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据与模型116，以及到外部服务的I/O接口118。面向客户端的I/O接口112可促进针对DA服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114可利用数据与模型116来处理语音输入，并基于自然语言输入来确定用户意图。此外，一个或多个处理模块114基于推断出的用户意图来执行任务执行。在一些示例中，DA服务器106可通过一个或多个网络110与外部服务120通信以完成任务或采集信息。到外部服务的I/O接口118可促成此类通信。
用户设备104可以是任何合适的电子设备。例如，用户设备可为便携式多功能设备(例如，下面参考图2A描述的设备200)、多功能设备(例如，下面参考图4描述的设备400)或个人电子设备(例如，下面参考图6A至图6B描述的设备600)。便携式多功能设备可为例如还包含其他功能诸如PDA和/或音乐播放器功能的移动电话。便携式多功能设备的具体示例可包括来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的iPod和设备。便携式多功能设备的其他示例可包括但不限于膝上型电脑或平板电脑。此外，在一些示例中，用户设备104可为非便携式多功能设备。具体地讲，用户设备104可为台式计算机、游戏机、电视或电视机顶盒。在一些示例中，用户设备104可包括触敏表面(例如，触摸屏显示器和/或触控板)。此外，用户设备104可任选地包括一个或多个其他物理用户接口设备，诸如物理键盘、鼠标和/或操纵杆。下文更详细地描述了电子设备诸如多功能设备的各种示例。
一个或多个通信网络110的示例可包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)，例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110可使用任何已知的网络协议来实现，包括各种有线或无线协议，诸如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX或任何其他合适的通信协议。
服务器系统108可在计算机的一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分布式网络上实施。在一些示例中，服务器系统108还可采用第三方服务提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统108的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可经由第二用户设备122与DA服务器106通信。第二用户设备122可与用户设备104相似或相同。例如，第二用户设备122可类似于下文参考图2A、图4和图6A至图6B描述的设备200、设备400或设备600。用户设备104可被配置为经由直接通信连接诸如蓝牙、NFC、BTLE等或者经由有线或无线网络诸如局域Wi-Fi网络而通信耦接至第二用户设备122。在一些示例中，第二用户设备122可被配置为充当用户设备104与DA服务器106之间的代理。例如，用户设备104的DA客户端102可被配置为经由第二用户设备122向DA服务器106传输信息(例如，在用户设备104处接收的用户请求)。DA服务器106可处理该信息，并且经由第二用户设备122将相关数据(例如，响应于用户请求的数据内容)返回到用户设备104。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可被配置为将针对数据的缩略请求发送到第二用户设备122，以减少从用户设备104传输的信息量。第二用户设备122可被配置为确定添加到缩略请求的补充信息，以生成完整的请求来传输到DA服务器106。该系统架构可有利地通过使用具有较强通信能力和/或电池电力的第二用户设备122(例如，移动电话、膝上型计算机、平板电脑等)作为到DA服务器106的代理，允许具有有限通信能力和/或有限电池电力的用户设备104(例如，手表或类似的紧凑型电子设备)访问DA服务器106提供的服务。虽然图1中仅示出两个用户设备104和122，但应当理解，系统100可包括在此代理配置中被配置为与DA服务器系统106通信的任意数量和类型的用户设备。
虽然图1中所示的数字助理可包括客户端侧部分(例如，DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如，DA服务器106)两者，但在一些示例中，数字助理的功能可被实现为安装在用户设备上的独立式应用程序。此外，数字助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的具体实施中可变化。例如，在一些示例中，DA客户端可为仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能，并将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。
2.电子设备
现在将注意力转至用于实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的电子设备的实施方案。图2A是示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触敏显示系统212的便携式多功能设备200的框图。触敏显示器212有时为了方便被叫做“触摸屏”，并且有时可被称为或被叫做“触敏显示系统”。设备200包括存储器202(其任选地包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质)、存储器控制器222、一个或多个处理单元(CPU)220、外围设备接口218、RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、输入/输出(I/O)子系统206、其他输入控制设备216和外部端口224。设备200任选地包括一个或多个光学传感器264。设备200任选地包括用于检测设备200(例如触敏表面，诸如设备200的触敏显示系统212)上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265。设备200任选地包括用于在设备200上生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267(例如在触敏表面诸如设备200的触敏显示系统212或设备400的触控板455上生成触觉输出)。这些部件任选地通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线203通信。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，触敏表面上的接触的术语“强度”是指触敏表面上的接触(例如，手指接触)的力或压力(每单位面积的力)，或者是指触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物(代用物)。接触的强度具有值范围，该值范围包括至少四个不同的值并且更典型地包括上百个不同的值(例如，至少256个)。接触的强度任选地使用各种方法和各种传感器或传感器的组合来确定(或测量)。例如，在触敏表面下方或相邻于触敏表面的一个或多个力传感器任选地用于测量触敏表面上的不同点处的力。在一些具体实施中，来自多个力传感器的力测量被合并(例如，加权平均)以确定估计的接触力。类似地，触笔的压敏顶端任选地用于确定触笔在触敏表面上的压力。另选地，在触敏表面上检测到的接触区域的大小和/或其变化、接触附近的触敏表面的电容和/或其变化以及/或者接触附近的触敏表面的电阻和/或其变化任选地被用作触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代测量值直接用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值以与替代测量值对应的单位描述)。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代测量值被转换成估计的力或压力，并且估计的力或压力用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值是以压力的单位进行测量的压力阈值)。使用接触的强度作为用户输入的属性，从而允许用户访问用户在实际面积有限的尺寸更小的设备上本来不可访问的附加设备功能，该尺寸更小的设备用于(例如在触敏显示器上)显示示能表示和/或接收用户输入(例如经由触敏显示器、触敏表面或物理控件/机械控件，诸如旋钮或按钮)。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“触觉输出”是指将由用户利用用户的触感检测到的设备相对于设备的先前位置的物理位移、设备的部件(例如，触敏表面)相对于设备的另一个部件(例如，外壳)的物理位移、或部件相对于设备的质心的位移。例如，在设备或设备的部件与用户对触摸敏感的表面(例如，手指、手掌或用户手部的其他部分)接触的情况下，通过物理位移生成的触觉输出将由用户解释为触感，该触感与设备或设备的部件的物理特征的所感知的变化对应。例如，触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器或触控板)的移动任选地由用户解释为对物理致动按钮的“按下点击”或“松开点击”。在一些情况下，用户将感觉到触感，诸如“按下点击”或“松开点击”，即使在通过用户的移动而物理地被按压(例如，被移位)的与触敏表面相关联的物理致动按钮没有移动时。又如，即使在触敏表面的光滑度无变化时，触敏表面的移动也会任选地由用户解释或感测为触敏表面的“粗糙度”。虽然用户对触摸的此类解释将受到用户的个体化感官知觉的限制，但是对触摸的许多感官知觉是大多数用户共有的。因此，当触觉输出被描述为对应于用户的特定感官知觉(例如，“按下点击”、“松开点击”、“粗糙度”)时，除非另外陈述，否则所生成的触觉输出对应于设备或其部件的物理位移，该物理位移将会生成典型(或普通)用户的所述感官知觉。
应当理解，设备200仅是便携式多功能设备的一个示例，并且设备200任选地具有比所示出的更多或更少的部件，任选地组合两个或多个部件，或者任选地具有这些部件的不同配置或布置。图2A中所示的各种部件以硬件、软件或硬件与软件两者的组合来实现，包括一个或多个信号处理电路和/或专用集成电路。
存储器202可包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质。该计算机可读存储介质可以是有形的和非暂态的。存储器202可包括高速随机存取存储器，并且还可包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备。存储器控制器222可控制设备200的其他部件访问存储器202。
在一些示例中，存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质可用于存储指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程1100至1300的各方面)以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备取出指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合使用。在其他示例中，指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程1100至1300的各方面)可存储在服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质(未示出)上，或者可在存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间划分。在本文档的上下文中，“非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可包括或存储程序以供指令执行系统、装置和设备使用或与其连接的任何介质。
外围设备接口218可被用于将设备的输入外围设备和输出外围设备耦接至CPU220和存储器202。一个或多个处理器220运行或者执行存储在存储器202中的各种软件程序和/或指令集以执行设备200的各种功能并处理数据。在一些实施方案中，外围设备接口218、CPU 220和存储器控制器222可在单个芯片诸如芯片204上实现。在一些其他实施方案中，它们可在单独的芯片上实现。
RF(射频)电路208接收和发送也被叫做电磁信号的RF信号。RF电路208将电信号转换为电磁信号/将电磁信号转换为电信号，并且经由电磁信号来与通信网络以及其他通信设备进行通信。RF电路208任选地包括用于执行这些功能的众所周知的电路，包括但不限于天线系统、RF收发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、数字信号处理器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块(SIM)卡、存储器等等。RF电路208任选地通过无线通信来与网络以及其他设备进行通信，所述网络为诸如互联网(也被称为万维网(WWW))、内联网和/或无线网络诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)。RF电路208任选地包括用于检测近场通信(NFC)场(诸如，通过近程通信无线电部件来进行检测)的众所周知的电路。无线通信任选地使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，包括但不限于全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)、高速上行链路分组接入(HSUPA)、演进、纯数据(EV-DO)、HSPA、HSPA+、双小区HSPA(DC-HSPDA)、长期演进(LTE)、近场通信(NFC)、宽带码分多址(W-CDMA)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、蓝牙低功耗(BTLE)、无线保真(Wi-Fi)(例如，IEEE802.11a、IEEE 802.11b、IEEE 802.11g、IEEE 802.11n和/或IEEE802.11ac)、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、电子邮件协议(例如，互联网消息访问协议(IMAP)和/或邮局协议(POP))、即时消息(例如，可扩展消息处理和存在协议(XMPP)、用于即时消息和存在利用扩展的会话发起协议(SIMPLE)、即时消息和存在服务(IMPS))和/或短消息服务(SMS)，或者任何其他适当的通信协议，包括在本文档提交日期时尚未开发出的通信协议。
音频电路210、扬声器211和麦克风213提供用户和设备200之间的音频接口。音频电路210从外围设备接口218接收音频数据，将音频数据转换为电信号，并将电信号传输到扬声器211。扬声器211将电信号转换为人类可听的声波。音频电路210还接收由麦克风213从声波转换的电信号。音频电路210将电信号转换为音频数据，并且将音频数据传输到外围设备接口218以进行处理。音频数据可由外围设备接口218从存储器202和/或RF电路208检索并/或传输至存储器202和/或RF电路208。在一些实施方案中，音频电路210还包括耳麦插孔(例如，图3中的312)。耳麦插孔提供音频电路210和可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备之间的接口，该可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备为诸如仅输出的耳机或者既有输出(例如，单耳耳机或双耳耳机)和又有输入(例如，麦克风)的耳麦。
I/O子系统206将设备200上的输入/输出外围设备诸如触摸屏212和其他输入控制设备216耦接至外围设备接口218。I/O子系统206任选地包括显示控制器256、光学传感器控制器258、强度传感器控制器259、触觉反馈控制器261，以及用于其他输入或控制设备的一个或多个输入控制器260。该一个或多个输入控制器260从其他输入控制设备216接收电信号/将电信号发送到其他输入控制设备216。其他输入控制设备216任选地包括物理按钮(例如，下压按钮、摇臂按钮等)、拨号盘、滑动开关、操纵杆、点击轮等等。在一些另选实施方案中，输入控制器260任选地耦接至以下各项中的任一者(或不耦接至以下各项中的任一者)：键盘、红外线端口、USB端口以及指针设备诸如鼠标。一个或多个按钮(例如，图3中的308)任选地包括用于扬声器211和/或麦克风213的音量控制的增大/减小按钮。一个或多个按钮任选地包括下压按钮(例如，图3中的306)。
快速按下下压按钮可解除对触摸屏212的锁定或者开始在触摸屏上使用手势来对设备进行解锁的过程，如提交于2005年12月23日的名称为“Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image”的美国专利申请11/322,549以及美国专利申请No.7,657,849中所述，上述美国专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。更长地按下下压按钮(例如，306)可使设备200通电或断电。用户能够对一个或多个按钮的功能进行自定义。触摸屏212用于实现虚拟按钮或软按钮以及一个或多个软键盘。
触敏显示器212提供设备和用户之间的输入接口和输出接口。显示控制器256从触摸屏212接收电信号并/或向该触摸屏发送电信号。触摸屏212向用户显示视觉输出。该视觉输出可包括图形、文本、图标、视频及它们的任意组合(统称为“图形”)。在一些实施方案中，一些视觉输出或全部的视觉输出可对应于用户界面对象。
触摸屏212具有基于触感和/或触觉接触来接受来自用户的输入的触敏表面、传感器或传感器组。触摸屏212和显示控制器256(与存储器202中的任何相关联的模块和/或指令集一起)检测触摸屏212上的接触(和该接触的任何移动或中断)，并且将所检测到的接触转换为与被显示在触摸屏212上的用户界面对象(例如一个或多个软键、图标、网页或图像)的交互。在示例性实施方案中，触摸屏212与用户之间的接触点对应于用户的手指。
触摸屏212可使用LCD(液晶显示器)技术、LPD(发光聚合物显示器)技术或LED(发光二极管)技术，但是在其他实施方案中可使用其他显示技术。触摸屏212和显示控制器256可使用现在已知的或以后将开发出的多种触摸感测技术中的任何触摸感测技术以及其他接近传感器阵列或用于确定与触摸屏212的一个或多个接触点的其他元件来检测接触及其任何移动或中断，所述多种触摸感测技术包括但不限于电容式、电阻式、红外和表面声波技术。在一个示例性实施方案中，使用投射式互电容感测技术，诸如在来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的和iPod 中使用的技术。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可类似于以下美国专利中所述的多点触敏触控板：6,323,846(Westerman等人)、6,570,557(Westerman等人)和/或6,677,932(Westerman)；和/或美国专利公开2002/0015024A1，这些专利申请中的每个专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。然而，触摸屏212显示来自设备200的视觉输出，而触敏触控板不提供视觉输出。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可如在以下专利申请中那样进行描述：(1)于2006年5月2日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”的美国专利申请No.11/381,313；(2)于2004年5月6日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touchscreen”的美国专利申请No.10/840,862；(3)于2004年7月30日提交的名称为“Gestures For TouchSensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请No.10/903,964；(4)于2005年1月31日提交的名称为“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请No.11/048,264；(5)于2005年1月18日提交的名称为“Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces ForTouch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请No.11/038,590；(6)于2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface”的美国专利申请No.11/228,758；(7)于2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Operation Of AComputer With A Touch Screen Interface”的美国专利申请No.11/228,700；(8)于2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard”的美国专利申请No.11/228,737；和(9)于2006年3月3日提交的名称为“Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”的美国专利申请No.11/367,749。所有这些专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文。
触摸屏212可具有超过100dpi的视频分辨率。在一些实施方案中，触摸屏具有约160dpi的视频分辨率。用户可使用任何合适的对象或附加物诸如触笔、手指等来与触摸屏212接触。在一些实施方案中，用户界面被设计用于主要与基于手指的接触和手势工作，由于手指在触摸屏上的接触区域较大，因此这可能不如基于触笔的输入精确。在一些实施方案中，设备将基于手指的粗略输入转化为精确的指针/光标位置或命令以用于执行用户所期望的动作。
在一些实施方案中，除了触摸屏之外，设备200可包括用于激活或者去激活特定功能的触控板(未示出)。在一些实施方案中，触控板是设备的触敏区域，该触敏区域与触摸屏不同，其不显示视觉输出。触控板可为与触摸屏212分开的触敏表面，或者由触摸屏形成的触敏表面的延伸部分。
设备200还包括用于为各种部件供电的电力系统262。电力系统262可包括电力管理系统、一个或多个电源(例如，电池、交流电(AC))、再充电系统、电力故障检测电路、功率变换器或逆变器、电源状态指示器(例如，发光二极管(LED))和与便携式设备中的电力的生成、管理和分配相关联的任何其他部件。
设备200还可包括一个或多个光学传感器264。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的光学传感器控制器258的光学传感器。光学传感器264可包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光电晶体管。光学传感器264从环境接收通过一个或多个透镜投射的光，并且将光转换为表示图像的数据。结合成像模块243(也被叫做相机模块)，光学传感器264可捕获静态图像或视频。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备200的后部上，与设备前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对，使得触摸屏显示器可被用作用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集的取景器。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备的前部上，使得在用户在触摸屏显示器上查看其他视频会议参与者时可获取该用户的图像以用于视频会议。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器264的位置可由用户(例如，通过旋转设备外壳中的透镜和传感器)改变，使得单个光学传感器264可与触摸屏显示器一起使用，以既用于视频会议又用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的强度传感器控制器259的接触强度传感器。接触强度传感器265任选地包括一个或多个压阻应变仪、电容式力传感器、电气力传感器、压电力传感器、光学力传感器、电容式触敏表面或其他强度传感器(例如，用于测量触敏表面上的接触的力(或压力)的传感器)。接触强度传感器265从环境接收接触强度信息(例如，压力信息或压力信息的代用物)。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示系统212)并置排列或邻近。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还可包括一个或多个接近传感器266。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的接近传感器266。另选地，接近传感器266可耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。接近传感器266可如名称为“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”的美国专利申请No.11/241,839、名称为“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”的美国专利申请No.11/240,788、名称为“Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity SensorOutput”的美国专利申请No.11/620,702、名称为“Automated Response To And SensingOf User Activity In Portable Devices”的美国专利申请No.11/586,862，以及名称为“Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals”的美国专利申请No.11/638,251中所述的那样执行，这些专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，当多功能设备被放置在用户的耳朵附近时(例如，当用户正在打电话时)，接近传感器关闭并且禁用触摸屏212。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。图2A示出了耦接至I/O子系统206中的触觉反馈控制器261的触觉输出发生器。触觉输出发生器267任选地包括一个或多个电声设备，诸如扬声器或其他音频部件；和/或将能量转换为线性运动的机电设备，诸如马达、螺线管、电活性聚合器、压电致动器、静电致动器或其他触觉输出生成部件(例如，将电信号转换为设备上的触觉输出的部件)。接触强度传感器265从触觉反馈模块233接收触觉反馈生成指令，并且在设备200上生成能够由设备200的用户感觉到的触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示系统212)并置排列或邻近，并且任选地通过竖直地(例如，向设备200的表面内/外)或横向地(例如，在与设备200的表面相同的平面中向后和向前)移动触敏表面来生成触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器传感器位于设备200的后部上，与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对。
设备200还可包括一个或多个加速度计268。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的加速度计268。另选地，加速度计268可耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。加速度计268可如名称为“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for PortableElectronic Devices”的美国专利公开No.20050190059和名称为“Methods AndApparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer”的美国专利公开No.20060017692中所述的那样执行，这两个美国专利公开均全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，基于对从该一个或多个加速度计所接收的数据的分析来在触摸屏显示器上以纵向视图或横向视图显示信息。设备200任选地除了一个或多个加速度计268之外还包括磁力仪(未示出)和GPS(或GLONASS或其他全球导航系统)接收器(未示出)，以用于获取关于设备200的位置和取向(例如，纵向或横向)的信息。
在一些实施方案中，存储于存储器202中的软件部件包括操作系统226、通信模块(或指令集)228、接触/运动模块(或指令集)230、图形模块(或指令集)232、文本输入模块(或指令集)234、全球定位系统(GPS)模块(或指令集)235、数字助理客户端模块229以及应用程序(或指令集)236。此外，存储器202可存储数据与模型，诸如用户数据与模型231。此外，在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470(图4)存储设备/全局内部状态257，如图2A和图4中所示。设备/全局内部状态257包括以下各项中的一者或多者：活动应用程序状态，该活动应用程序状态用于指示哪些应用程序(如果有的话)当前是活动的；显示状态，该显示状态用于指示什么应用程序、视图或其他信息占据触摸屏显示器212的各个区域；传感器状态，该传感器状态包括从设备的各个传感器和输入控制设备216获取的信息；以及关于设备位置和/或姿态的位置信息。
操作系统226(例如Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、iOS、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如存储器管理、存储设备控制、功率管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动程序，并且促进各种硬件部件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块228有利于通过一个或多个外部端口224来与其他设备进行通信，并且还包括用于处理由RF电路208和/或外部端口224接收的数据的各种软件部件。外部端口224(例如，通用串行总线(USB)、火线等)适于直接耦接至其他设备或者间接地通过网络(例如，互联网、无线LAN等)进行耦接。在一些实施方案中，外部端口是与(Apple Inc.的商标)设备上所使用的30针连接器相同的或类似的和/或与其兼容的多针(例如，30针)连接器。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测与触摸屏212(结合显示控制器256)和其他触敏设备(例如，触控板或物理点击轮)的接触。接触/运动模块230包括各种软件部件以用于执行与接触检测相关的各种操作，诸如确定是否已经发生了接触(例如，检测手指按下事件)、确定接触强度(例如，接触的力或压力，或者接触的力或压力的替代物)、确定是否存在接触的移动并跟踪在触敏表面上的移动(例如，检测一个或多个手指拖动事件)，以及确定接触是否已经停止(例如，检测手指抬起事件或接触断开)。接触/运动模块230从触敏表面接收接触数据。确定接触点的移动任选地包括确定接触点的速率(量值)、速度(量值和方向)和/或加速度(量值和/或方向的改变)，所述接触点的移动由一系列接触数据表示。这些操作任选地被应用于单点接触(例如，单指接触)或者多点同时接触(例如，“多点触摸”/多个手指接触)。在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230和显示控制器256检测触控板上的接触。
在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230使用一组一个或多个强度阈值来确定操作是否已由用户执行(例如，确定用户是否已“点击”图标)。在一些实施方案中，根据软件参数来确定强度阈值的至少一个子集(例如，强度阈值不是由特定物理致动器的激活阈值来确定的，并且可在不改变设备200的物理硬件的情况下被调节)。例如，在不改变触控板或触摸屏显示器硬件的情况下，触控板或触摸屏显示器的鼠标“点击”阈值可被设定为预定义的阈值的大范围中的任一个阈值。另外，在一些具体实施中，向设备的用户提供用于调节一组强度阈值中的一个或多个强度阈值(例如，通过调节各个强度阈值和/或通过利用对“强度”参数的系统级点击来一次调节多个强度阈值)的软件设置。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测用户的手势输入。触敏表面上的不同手势具有不同的接触模式(例如，所检测到的接触的不同运动、计时和/或强度)。因此，任选地通过检测特定接触模式来检测手势。例如，检测手指轻击手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后在与手指按下事件相同的位置(或基本上相同的位置)处(例如，在图标的位置处)检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。作为另一个示例，在触敏表面上检测手指轻扫手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后检测一个或多个手指拖动事件，并且随后检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。
图形模块232包括用于在触摸屏212或其他显示器上呈现和显示图形的各种已知的软件部件，包括用于改变所显示图形的视觉冲击(例如，亮度、透明度、饱和度、对比度或其他视觉特性)的部件。如本文所用，术语“图形”包括可被显示给用户的任何对象，非限制性地包括文本、网页、图标(诸如包括软键的用户界面对象)、数字图像、视频、动画等。
在一些实施方案中，图形模块232存储表示待使用图形的数据。每个图形任选地被分配有对应的代码。图形模块232从应用程序等接收指定待显示图形的一个或多个代码，在必要的情况下还一起接收坐标数据和其他图形属性数据，然后生成屏幕图像数据以输出至显示控制器256。
触觉反馈模块233包括用于生成指令的各种软件部件，所述指令由一个或多个触觉输出发生器267使用，以便响应于用户与设备200的交互而在设备200上的一个或多个位置处产生触觉输出。
可为图形模块232的部件的文本输入模块234提供用于在多种应用程序(例如，联系人237、电子邮件240、即时消息241、浏览器247和需要文本输入的任何其他应用程序)中输入文本的软键盘。
GPS模块235确定设备位置并提供这种信息以供在各种应用程序中使用(例如，提供至电话238以用于基于位置的拨号；提供至相机243作为图片/视频元数据；以及提供至提供基于位置的服务的应用程序，诸如天气桌面小程序、本地黄页桌面小程序和地图/导航桌面小程序)。
数字助理客户端模块229可包括各种客户端侧数字助理指令，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。例如，数字助理客户端模块229可能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种用户接口(例如，麦克风213、一个或多个加速度计268、触敏显示系统212、光学传感器229、其他输入控制设备216等)接受声音输入(例如，语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块229还可能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种输出接口(例如，扬声器211、触敏显示系统212、一个或多个触觉输出生成器267等)提供音频形式的输出(例如，语音输出)、视觉形式的输出和/或触觉形式的输出。例如，可将输出提供为语音、声音、提示、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块229可使用RF电路208与DA服务器106通信。
用户数据与模型231可包括与用户相关联的各种数据(例如，特定于用户的词汇数据、用户偏好数据、用户指定的名称发音、来自用户电子通讯录的数据、待办事项、购物清单等)以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。此外，用户数据与模型231可包括用于处理用户输入并且确定用户意图的各种模型(例如，语音识别模型、统计语言模型、自然语言处理模型、知识本体、任务流模型、服务模型等)。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可利用便携式多功能设备200的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从便携式多功能设备200的周围环境采集附加信息，以建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至DA服务器106以帮助推断用户意图。在一些示例中，数字助理还可使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其递送给用户。上下文信息可被称为上下文数据。
在一些示例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息可包括传感器信息，例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些示例中，上下文信息还可包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在一些示例中，可将与DA服务器106的软件状态相关的信息(例如运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等)以及与便携式多功能设备200的软件状态相关的信息作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供至DA服务器106。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可响应于来自DA服务器106的请求而选择性地提供存储在便携式多功能设备200上的信息(例如，用户数据231)。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229还可在DA服务器106请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户接口的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块229可将该附加输入传送至DA服务器106，以帮助DA服务器106进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
下文参考图7A至图7C更详细地描述了数字助理。应当认识到，数字助理客户端模块229可包括下文所述的数字助理模块726的任何数量的子模块。
应用程序236可包括以下模块(或指令集)或者其子集或超集：
·联系人模块237(有时被叫做通讯录或联系人列表)；
·电话模块238；
·视频会议模块239；
·电子邮件客户端模块240；
·即时消息(IM)模块241；
·健身支持模块242；
·用于静态图像和/或视频图像的相机模块243；
·图像管理模块244；
·视频播放器模块；
·音乐播放器模块；
·浏览器模块247；
·日历模块248；
·桌面小程序模块249，其可包括以下各项中的一者或多者：天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4、词典桌面小程序249-5和由用户获取的其他桌面小程序，以及用户创建的桌面小程序249-6；
·用于制作用户创建的桌面小程序249-6的桌面小程序创建器模块250；
·搜索模块251；
·视频和音乐播放器模块252，其合并视频播放器模块和音乐播放器模块；
·记事本模块253；
·地图模块254；和/或
·在线视频模块255。
可被存储在存储器202中的其他应用程序236的示例包括其他文字处理应用程序、其他图像编辑应用程序、绘图应用程序、呈现应用程序、支持JAVA的应用程序、加密、数字权益管理、语音识别和语音复制。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，联系人模块237可用于管理通讯录或联系人列表(例如，被存储在存储器202或存储器470中的联系人模块237的应用程序内部状态292中)，包括：将一个或多个姓名添加到通讯录；从通讯录删除一个或多个姓名；使一个或多个电话号码、一个或多个电子邮件地址、一个或多个物理地址或其他信息与姓名相关联；使图像与姓名相关联；对姓名进行分类和排序；提供电话号码或电子邮件地址以发起和/或促进通过电话238、视频会议模块239、电子邮件240或IM 241进行的通信；等等。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电话模块238可用于输入对应于电话号码的字符序列、访问联系人模块237中的一个或多个电话号码、修改已输入的电话号码、拨打相应的电话号码、进行会话以及当会话完成时断开或挂断。如上所述，无线通信可使用多个通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、联系人模块237和电话模块238，视频会议模块239包括根据用户指令来发起、进行和终止用户与一个或多个其他参与者之间的视频会议的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电子邮件客户端模块240包括响应于用户指令来创建、发送、接收和管理电子邮件的可执行指令。结合图像管理模块244，电子邮件客户端模块240使得非常容易创建和发送具有由相机模块243拍摄的静态图像或视频图像的电子邮件。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，即时消息模块241包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：输入与即时消息对应的字符序列、修改先前输入的字符、传输相应即时消息(例如，使用短消息服务(SMS)或多媒体消息服务(MMS)协议以用于基于电话的即时消息或者使用XMPP、SIMPLE或IMPS以用于基于互联网的即时消息)、接收即时消息以及查看所接收的即时消息。在一些实施方案中，所传输的和/或所接收的即时消息可包括图形、照片、音频文件、视频文件和/或在MMS和/或增强型消息服务(EMS)中支持的其他附件。如本文所用，“即时消息”是指基于电话的消息(例如，使用SMS或MMS传输的消息)和基于互联网的消息(例如，使用XMPP、SIMPLE、或IMPS传输的消息)两者。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235、地图模块254和音乐播放器模块，健身支持模块242包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：创建健身(例如，具有时间、距离和/或卡路里燃烧目标)；与健身传感器(移动设备)进行通信；接收健身传感器数据；校准用于监测健身的传感器；选择并播放健身音乐；以及显示、存储和传输健身数据。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、一个或多个光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和图像管理模块244，相机模块243包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：捕获静态图像或视频(包括视频流)并且将它们存储到存储器202中、修改静态图像或视频的特征，或从存储器202删除静态图像或视频。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和相机模块243，图像管理模块244包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：排列、修改(例如，编辑)，或以其他方式操控、加标签、删除、呈现(例如，在数字幻灯片或相册中)，以及存储静态图像和/或视频图像。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，浏览器模块247包括用于根据用户指令来浏览互联网(包括搜索、链接至、接收和显示网页或其部分，以及链接至网页的附件和其他文件)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，日历模块248包括用于根据用户指令来创建、显示、修改和存储日历以及与日历相关联的数据(例如日历条目、待办事项等)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序模块249是可由用户下载并使用的微型应用程序(例如，天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4和词典桌面小程序249-5)或由用户创建的微型应用程序(例如，用户创建的桌面小程序249-6)。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括HTML(超文本标记语言)文件、CSS(层叠样式表)文件和JavaScript文件。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括XML(可扩展标记语言)文件和JavaScript文件(例如，Yahoo！桌面小程序)。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序创建器模块250可被用户用于创建桌面小程序(例如，将网页的用户指定部分转为桌面小程序)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，搜索模块251包括用于根据用户指令来搜索存储器202中的匹配一个或多个搜索条件(例如，一个或多个用户指定的搜索词)的文本、音乐、声音、图像、视频和/或其他文件的可执行指令。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路系统210、扬声器211、RF电路系统208和浏览器模块247，视频和音乐播放器模块252包括允许用户下载和回放以一种或多种文件格式(诸如MP3或AAC文件)存储的所记录的音乐和其他声音文件的可执行指令，以及用于显示、呈现或以其他方式回放视频(例如，在触摸屏212上或在经由外部端口224连接的外部显示器上)的可执行指令。在一些实施方案中，设备200任选地包括MP3播放器诸如iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)的功能。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，记事本模块253包括根据用户指令来创建和管理记事本、待办事项等的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235和浏览器模块247，地图模块254可用于根据用户指令接收、显示、修改和存储地图以及与地图相关联的数据(例如，驾驶方向，与特定位置处或其附近的商店及其他兴趣点相关的数据，以及其他基于位置的数据)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，在线视频模块255包括指令，该指令允许用户访问、浏览、接收(例如，通过流式传输和/或下载)、回放(例如在触摸屏上或在经由外部端口224所连接的外部显示器上)、发送具有至特定在线视频的链接的电子邮件，以及以其他方式管理一种或多种文件格式诸如H.264的在线视频。在一些实施方案中，即时消息模块241而不是电子邮件客户端模块240被用于发送至特定在线视频的链接。在线视频应用程序的其他描述可在于2007年6月20日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国临时专利申请No.60/936,562和于2007年12月31日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国专利申请No.11/968,067中找到，这两个专利申请的内容据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
上述每个模块和应用程序对应于用于执行上述一种或多种功能以及在本专利申请中所述的方法(例如，本文所述的计算机实现的方法和其他信息处理方法)的可执行指令集。这些模块(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并因此在各种实施方案中可组合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各种子集。例如，视频播放器模块可与音乐播放器模块组合成单个模块(例如，图2A中的视频和音乐播放器模块252)。在一些实施方案中，存储器202可存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器202可存储上文没有描述的附加模块和数据结构。
在一些实施方案中，设备200是唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板来执行其上预定义的一组功能的操作的设备。通过使用触摸屏和/或触控板作为用于设备200的操作的主要输入控制设备，可减少设备200上物理输入控制设备(诸如下压按钮、拨号盘等)的数量。
唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板执行的该预定义的一组功能任选地包括在用户界面之间进行导航。在一些实施方案中，触控板在被用户触摸时将设备200从显示在设备200上的任何用户界面导航至主菜单、Home菜单或根菜单。在此类实施方案中，使用触控板来实现“菜单按钮”。在一些其他实施方案中，菜单按钮是物理下压按钮或者其他物理输入控制设备，而不是触控板。
图2B是示出了根据一些实施方案的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或存储器470(图4)包括事件分类器270(例如，在操作系统226中)以及相应的应用程序236-1(例如，前述应用程序237至251、255、480至490中的任一个应用程序)。
事件分类器270接收事件信息并且确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序236-1和应用程序236-1的应用视图291。事件分类器270包括事件监视器271和事件分配器模块274。在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括应用程序内部状态292，该应用程序内部状态指示当应用程序是活动的或者正在执行时显示在触敏显示器212上的一个或多个当前应用视图。在一些实施方案中，设备/全局内部状态257被事件分类器270用于确定哪个(哪些)应用程序当前是活动的，并且应用程序内部状态292被事件分类器270用于确定要将事件信息递送到的应用视图291。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序内部状态292包括附加信息，诸如以下各项中的一者或多者：当应用程序236-1恢复执行时将被使用的恢复信息、指示正被应用程序236-1显示或者准备好用于被应用程序236-1显示的信息的用户界面状态信息、用于使得用户能够返回到应用程序236-1的前一状态或视图的状态队列，以及用户采取的先前动作的重复/撤销队列。
事件监视器271从外围设备接口218接收事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件(例如，作为多点触摸手势的一部分的触敏显示器212上的用户触摸)的信息。外围设备接口218传输其从I/O子系统206或传感器诸如接近传感器266、一个或多个加速度计268和/或麦克风213(通过音频电路210)接收的信息。外围设备接口218从I/O子系统206接收的信息包括来自触敏显示器212或触敏表面的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件监视器271以预先确定的间隔将请求发送至外围设备接口218。作为响应，外围设备接口218传输事件信息。在其他实施方案中，外围设备接口218仅在存在显著事件(例如，接收到高于预先确定的噪声阈值和/或超过预先确定的持续时间的输入)时才传输事件信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件分类器270还包括命中视图确定模块272和/或活动事件识别器确定模块273。
当触敏显示器212显示多于一个视图时，命中视图确定模块272提供用于确定子事件已在一个或多个视图内的什么地方发生的软件过程。视图由用户可在显示器上看到的控件和其他元件构成。
与应用相关联的用户界面的另一方面是一组视图，在本文中有时也称为应用视图或用户界面窗口，在其中显示信息并且发生基于触摸的手势。在其中检测到触摸的(相应应用程序的)应用视图可对应于应用程序的程序化或视图分级结构内的程序化水平。例如，在其中检测到触摸的最低水平视图可被叫做命中视图，并且被识别为正确输入的那组事件可至少部分地基于开始基于触摸的手势的初始触摸的命中视图来确定。
点击视图确定模块272接收与基于接触的手势的子事件相关的信息。当应用具有在分级结构中组织的多个视图时，命中视图确定模块272将命中视图识别为应对子事件进行处理的分级结构中的最低视图。在大多数情况下，命中视图是发起子事件(例如，形成事件或潜在事件的子事件序列中的第一子事件)在其中发生的最低水平视图。一旦命中视图被命中视图确定模块272识别，通常命中视图便接收与其被识别为命中视图所针对的同一触摸或输入源相关的所有子事件。
活动事件识别器确定模块273确定视图分级结构内的哪个或哪些视图应接收特定子事件序列。在一些实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定仅命中视图应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定包括子事件的物理位置的所有视图是活跃参与的视图，并且因此确定所有活跃参与的视图都应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，即使触摸子事件完全被局限到与一个特定视图相关联的区域，分级结构中的更高的视图将仍然保持为活跃参与的视图。
事件分配器模块274将事件信息分配至事件识别器(例如，事件识别器280)。在包括活动事件识别器确定模块273的实施方案中，事件分配器模块274将事件信息递送到由活动事件识别器确定模块273确定的事件识别器。在一些实施方案中，事件分配器模块274在事件队列中存储事件信息，该事件信息由相应的事件接收器282进行检索。
在一些实施方案中，操作系统226包括事件分类器270。另选地，应用程序236-1包括事件分类器270。在另一个实施方案中，事件分类器270是独立的模块，或者是存储在存储器202中的另一个模块(诸如接触/运动模块230)的一部分。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括多个事件处理程序290和一个或多个应用视图291，其中每个应用视图包括用于处理发生在应用程序的用户界面的相应视图内的触摸事件的指令。应用程序236-1的每个应用视图291包括一个或多个事件识别器280。通常，相应应用视图291包括多个事件识别器280。在其他实施方案中，事件识别器280中的一个或多个事件识别器是独立模块的一部分，该独立模块诸如用户界面工具包(未示出)或应用程序236-1从中继承方法和其他属性的更高水平的对象。在一些实施方案中，相应事件处理程序290包括以下各项中的一者或多者：数据更新器276、对象更新器277、GUI更新器278和/或从事件分类器270接收的事件数据279。事件处理程序290可利用或调用数据更新器276、对象更新器277或GUI更新器278以更新应用程序内部状态292。另选地，应用视图291中的一个或多个应用视图包括一个或多个相应事件处理程序290。另外，在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278中的一者或多者被包括在相应应用视图291中。
相应事件识别器280从事件分类器270接收事件信息(例如，事件数据279)，并且从事件信息识别事件。事件识别器280包括事件接收器282和事件比较器284。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280还包括元数据283和事件递送指令288(其可包括子事件递送指令)的至少一个子集。
事件接收器282从事件分类器270接收事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件例如触摸或触摸移动的信息。根据子事件，事件信息还包括附加信息，诸如子事件的位置。当子事件涉及触摸的运动时，事件信息还可包括子事件的速率和方向。在一些实施方案中，事件包括设备从一个取向旋转到另一取向(例如，从纵向取向旋转到横向取向，或反之亦然)，并且事件信息包括关于设备的当前取向(也称为设备姿态)的对应信息。
事件比较器284将事件信息与预定义的事件或子事件定义进行比较，并且基于该比较，确定事件或子事件，或者确定或更新事件或子事件的状态。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284包括事件定义286。事件定义286包含事件的定义(例如，预定义的子事件序列)，例如事件1(287-1)、事件2(287-2)等。在一些实施方案中，事件(287)中的子事件包括例如触摸开始、触摸结束、触摸移动、触摸取消和多点触摸。在一个示例中，事件1(287-1)的定义是在被显示对象上的双击。例如，双击包括在被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第一次触摸(触摸开始)、预先确定时长的第一次抬起(触摸结束)、在被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第二次触摸(触摸开始)以及预先确定时长的第二次抬起(触摸结束)。在另一个示例中，事件2(287-2)的定义是在被显示对象上的拖动。例如，拖动包括在被显示对象上的预先确定时长的触摸(或接触)、触摸在触敏显示器212上的移动以及触摸的抬离(触摸结束)。在一些实施方案中，事件还包括用于一个或多个相关联的事件处理程序290的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件定义287包括对用于相应用户界面对象的事件的定义。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定哪个用户界面对象与子事件相关联。例如，在应用视图(其中在触敏显示器212上显示三个用户界面对象)中，当在触敏显示器212上检测到触摸时，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定这三个用户界面对象中哪一个与触摸(子事件)相关联。如果每个被显示对象与相应事件处理程序290相关联，则事件比较器使用该命中测试的结果来确定哪个事件处理程序290应当被激活。例如，事件比较器284选择与子事件和触发该命中测试的对象相关联的事件处理程序。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件(287)的定义还包括延迟动作，该延迟动作延迟事件信息的递送，直到已确定子事件序列是否与事件识别器的事件类型相对应。
当相应事件识别器280确定子事件串不与事件定义286中的任何事件匹配时，该相应事件识别器280进入事件不可能、事件失败或事件结束状态，在此之后忽略基于触摸的手势的后续子事件。在这种情况下，对于命中视图保持活动的其他事件识别器(如果有的话)继续跟踪和处理正在进行的基于触摸的手势的子事件。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280包括元数据283，该元数据具有指示事件递送系统应该如何执行对活跃参与的事件识别器的子事件递送的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括用于指示事件识别器可如何彼此进行交互或者如何被启用以彼此进行交互的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示子事件是否被递送到视图或程序化分级结构中的不同层级的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。
在一些实施方案中，当识别事件的一个或多个特定子事件时，相应事件识别器280激活与事件相关联的事件处理程序290。在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280将与事件相关联的事件信息递送到事件处理程序290。激活事件处理程序290不同于将子事件发送(和延期发送)到相应命中视图。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280抛出与所识别的事件相关联的标志，并且与该标志相关联的事件处理程序290获取该标志并执行预定义的过程。
在一些实施方案中，事件递送指令288包括在不激活事件处理程序的情况下递送关于子事件的事件信息的子事件递送指令。相反，子事件递送指令将事件信息递送到与子事件系列相关联的事件处理程序或递送到活跃参与的视图。与子事件系列或与活跃参与的视图相关联的事件处理程序接收事件信息并执行预先确定的过程。
在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276创建并更新在应用程序236-1中使用的数据。例如，数据更新器276更新联系人模块237中所使用的电话号码，或者存储视频播放器模块中所使用的视频文件。在一些实施方案中，对象更新器277创建并更新在应用程序236-1中使用的对象。例如，对象更新器277创建新用户界面对象或者更新用户界面对象的位置。GUI更新器278更新GUI。例如，GUI更新器278准备显示信息并将其发送至图形模块232以在触敏显示器上显示。
在一些实施方案中，一个或多个事件处理程序290包括数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278或者具有对数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278的访问权限。在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278被包括在相应应用程序236-1或应用视图291的单个模块中。在其他实施方案中，它们被包括在两个或更多个软件模块中。
应当理解，关于触敏显示器上的用户触摸的事件处理的上述论述还适用于利用输入设备来操作多功能设备200的其他形式的用户输入，并非所有用户输入都是在触摸屏上发起的。例如，任选地与单次或多次键盘按压或保持结合的鼠标移动和鼠标按钮按压；触控板上的接触移动，诸如轻击、拖动、滚动等；触笔输入；设备的移动；口头指令；所检测到的眼睛移动；生物特征输入；和/或其任意组合任选地被用作对应于定义待识别事件的子事件的输入。
图3示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触摸屏212的便携式多功能设备200。触摸屏任选地在用户界面(UI)300内显示一个或多个图形。在本实施方案以及在下文描述的其他实施方案中，用户能够通过例如利用一根或多根手指302(在附图中未按比例绘制)或者利用一支或多支触笔303(在附图中未按比例绘制)在图形上做出手势来选择这些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施方案中，当用户中断与一个或多个图形的接触时，将发生对这一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施方案中，手势任选地包括一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已与设备200发生接触的手指的滚动(从右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些具体实施中或在一些情况下，不经意地与图形接触不会选择图形。例如，当与选择对应的手势是轻击时，在应用图标上方扫动的轻扫手势任选地不会选择对应的应用。
设备200还可包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如“home”或菜单按钮304。如前所述，菜单按钮304可被用于导航到可在设备200上执行的一组应用程序中的任何应用程序236。另选地，在一些实施方案中，菜单按钮被实现为显示在触摸屏212上的GUI中的软键。
在一个实施方案中，设备200包括触摸屏212、菜单按钮304、用于使设备通电/断电和锁定设备的下压按钮306、一个或多个音量调节按钮308、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽310、耳麦插孔312和对接/充电外部端口224。下压按钮306任选地用于：通过按压按钮并使按钮在下压状态保持预定义的时间间隔来使设备通电/断电；通过按压按钮并在经过预定义的时间间隔之前释放按钮来锁定设备；和/或解锁设备或者发起解锁过程。在另选的实施方案中，设备200还通过麦克风213接受用于激活或去激活某些功能的言语输入。设备200还任选地包括用于检测触摸屏212上的接触强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265，和/或用于为设备200的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。
图4是根据一些实施方案的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。设备400不必是便携式的。在一些实施方案中，设备400为膝上型计算机、台式计算机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器设备、导航设备、教育设备(诸如儿童学习玩具)、游戏系统或控制设备(例如，家用或工业用控制器)。设备400通常包括一个或多个处理单元(CPU)410、一个或多个网络或其他通信接口460、存储器470和用于使这些部件互连的一条或多条通信总线420。通信总线420任选地包括使系统部件互连并控制系统部件之间的通信的电路(有时被叫做芯片组)。设备400包括具有显示器440的输入/输出(I/O)接口430，该显示器通常为触摸屏显示器。I/O接口430还任选地包括键盘和/或鼠标(或其他指向设备)450以及触控板455、用于在设备400上生成触觉输出的触觉输出发生器457(例如，类似于以上参考图2A所述的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267)、传感器459(例如，光学传感器、加速度传感器、接近传感器、触敏传感器，和/或类似于以上参考图2A所述的一个或多个接触强度传感器265的接触强度传感器)。存储器470包括高速随机存取存储器诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR RAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备，并且任选地包括非易失性存储器诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器470任选地包括远离一个或多个CPU 410定位的一个或多个存储设备。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储与便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202中存储的程序、模块和数据结构类似的程序、模块和数据结构或其子集。此外，存储器470任选地存储在便携式多功能设备200的存储器202中不存在的附加程序、模块和数据结构。例如，设备400的存储器470任选地存储绘图模块480、呈现模块482、文字处理模块484、网站创建模块486、盘编辑模块488和/或电子表格模块490，而便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202任选地不存储这些模块。
图4中的上述元素中的每个元素可存储在一个或多个前面提及的存储器设备中。上述模块中的每个模块对应于用于执行上述功能的指令集。上述模块或程序(例如，指令集)不必被实现为单独的软件程序、过程或模块，并且因此这些模块的各种子集可在各种实施方案中被组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施方案中，存储器470可存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器470可存储上文没有描述的附加模块和数据结构。
现在将注意力转向可在例如便携式多功能设备200上实现的用户界面的实施方案。
图5A示出了根据一些实施方案的便携式多功能设备200上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。类似的用户界面可在设备400上实现。在一些实施方案中，用户界面500包括以下元素或者其子集或超集：
·一种或多种无线通信(诸如蜂窝信号和Wi-Fi信号)的一个或多个信号强度指示器502；
·时间504；
·蓝牙指示器505；
·电池状态指示器506；
·具有常用应用程序的图标的托盘508，图标诸如：
°电话模块238的被标记为“电话”的图标516，其任选地包括未接来电或语音留言的数量的指示器514；
°电子邮件客户端模块240的被标记为“邮件”的图标518，其任选地包括未读电子邮件数量的指示器510；
°浏览器模块247的被标记为“浏览器”的图标520；和
°视频和音乐播放器模块252(也被称为iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)模块252)的被标记为“iPod”的图标522；以及
·其他应用程序的图标，诸如：
°IM模块241的被标记为“消息”的图标524；
°日历模块248的被标记为“日历”的图标526；
°图像管理模块244的被标记为“照片”的图标528；
°相机模块243的被标记为“相机”的图标530；
°在线视频模块255的被标记为“在线视频”的图标532；
°股市桌面小程序249-2的被标记为“股市”的图标534；
°地图模块254的被标记为“地图”的图标536；
°天气桌面小程序249-1的被标记为“天气”的图标538；
°闹钟桌面小程序249-4的被标记为“时钟”的图标540；
°健身支持模块242的被标记为“健身支持”的图标542；
°记事本模块253的被标记为“记事本”的图标544；以及
°用于设置应用程序或模块的被标记为“设置”的图标546，其提供对设备200及其各种应用程序236的设置的访问。
应当指出，图5A中示出的图标标签仅为示例性的。例如，视频和音乐播放器模块252的图标522可任选地被标记为“音乐”或“音乐播放器”。其他标签任选地用于各种应用图标。在一些实施方案中，相应应用图标的标签包括与该相应应用图标对应的应用的名称。在一些实施方案中，特定应用图标的标签不同于与该特定应用图标对应的应用的名称。
图5B示出了具有与显示器550(例如，触摸屏显示器212)分开的触敏表面551(例如，图4的平板电脑或触控板455)的设备(例如，图4的设备400)上的示例性用户界面。设备400还任选地包括用于检测触敏表面551上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器(例如，传感器457中的一个或多个传感器)，和/或用于为设备400的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器459。
尽管将参考触摸屏显示器212(其中组合了触敏表面和显示器)上的输入给出随后的示例中的一些示例，但是在一些实施方案中，设备检测与显示器分开的触敏表面上的输入，如图5B中所示。在一些实施方案中，触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)具有与显示器(例如，550)上的主轴(例如，图5B中的553)对应的主轴(例如，图5B中的552)。根据这些实施方案，设备检测在与显示器上的相应位置对应的位置(例如，在图5B中，560对应于568，562对应于570)处与触敏表面551的接触(例如，图5B中的560和562)。这样，在触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)与多功能设备的显示器(图5B中的550)分开时，由设备在触敏表面上检测到的用户输入(例如，接触560和562及其移动)被该设备用于操控显示器上的用户界面。应当理解，类似的方法任选地用于本文所述的其他用户界面。
另外，虽然主要是参考手指输入(例如，手指接触、单指轻击手势、手指轻扫手势)来给出下面的示例，但是应当理解的是，在一些实施方案中，这些手指输入中的一个或多个手指输入由来自另一输入设备的输入(例如，基于鼠标的输入或触笔输入)替代。例如，轻扫手势任选地由鼠标点击(例如，而不是接触)，之后是光标沿着轻扫路径的移动(例如，而不是接触的移动)替代。又如，轻击手势任选地由在光标位于轻击手势的位置上方时的鼠标点击(例如，而不是对接触的检测、之后是停止检测接触)替代。类似地，当同时检测到多个用户输入时，应当理解的是，多个计算机鼠标任选地被同时使用，或鼠标和手指接触任选地被同时使用。
图6A示出了示例性个人电子设备600。设备600包括主体602。在一些实施方案中，设备600可包括相对于设备200和400(例如，图2A至图4)所述的特征中的一些或全部特征。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有触敏显示屏604(后文称为触摸屏604)。另选地或除了触摸屏604之外，设备600具有显示器和触敏表面。与设备200和400的情况一样，在一些实施方案中，触摸屏604(或触敏表面)可具有用于检测正施加的接触(例如，触摸)的强度的一个或多个强度传感器。触摸屏604(或触敏表面)的一个或多个强度传感器可提供表示触摸强度的输出数据。设备600的用户界面可基于触摸强度来对触摸作出响应，这意味着不同强度的触摸可调用设备600上的不同的用户界面操作。
例如，可在如下相关专利申请中找到用于检测和处理触摸强度的技术：于2013年5月8日提交的标题为“Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for DisplayingUser Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application”的国际专利申请序列No.PCT/US2013/040061，以及于2013年11月11日提交的标题为“Device,Method,andGraphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to DisplayOutput Relationships”的国际专利申请序列No.PCT/US2013/069483，这两个专利申请中的每个专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个输入机构606和608。输入机构606和608(如果包括的话)可为物理的。物理输入机构的示例包括下压按钮和可旋转机构。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个附接机构。此类附接机构(如果包括的话)可允许将设备600与例如帽子、眼镜、耳环、项链、衬衣、夹克、手镯、表带、手链、裤子、皮带、鞋子、钱包、背包等附接。这些附接机构可允许用户穿戴设备600。
图6B示出了示例性个人电子设备600。在一些实施方案中，设备600可包括相对于图2A、图2B和图4所述的部件中的一些或全部部件。设备600具有总线612，该总线将I/O部分614与一个或多个计算机处理器616以及存储器618操作性地耦接。I/O部分614可连接至显示器604，该显示器可具有触敏部件622并且任选地具有触摸强度敏感部件624。此外，I/O部分614可与通信单元630连接，以用于使用Wi-Fi、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、蜂窝和/或其他无线通信技术来接收应用程序和操作系统数据。设备600可包括输入机构606和/或608。例如，输入机构606可为可旋转的输入设备或者可按压并可旋转的输入设备。在一些示例中，输入机构608可为按钮。
在一些示例中，输入机构608可为麦克风。个人电子设备600可包括各种传感器，诸如GPS传感器632、加速度计634、定向传感器640(例如，罗盘)、陀螺仪636、运动传感器638和/或其组合，所有这些设备均可操作地连接到I/O部分614。
个人电子设备600的存储器618可包括用于存储计算机可执行指令的一个或多个非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述指令在由一个或多个计算机处理器616执行时，例如可使得计算机处理器执行下述技术，包括过程1100至1300(图11A至11B、图12A至图12B、图13A至图13B)。个人电子设备600不限于图6B的部件和配置，而是可包括多种配置中的其他部件或附加部件。
如本文所用，术语“示能表示”是指可在设备200、400和/或600(图2、图4和图6)的显示屏上显示的用户交互式图形用户界面对象。例如，图像(例如，图标)、按钮和文本(例如，链接)可各自构成示能表示。
如本文所用，术语“焦点选择器”是指指示用户正与之进行交互的用户界面的当前部分的输入元素。在包括光标或其他位置标记的一些具体实施中，光标充当“焦点选择器”，使得当光标在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)上方时在触敏表面(例如，图4中的触控板455或图5B中的触敏表面551)上检测到输入(例如，按压输入)的情况下，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在包括能够实现与触摸屏显示器上的用户界面元素的直接交互的触摸屏显示器(例如，图2A中的触敏显示系统212或图5A中的触摸屏212)的一些具体实施中，触摸屏上的所检测到的接触充当“焦点选择器”，使得当在触摸屏显示器上在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)的位置处检测到输入(例如，由接触进行的按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在一些具体实施中，焦点从用户界面的一个区域移动到用户界面的另一个区域，而无需光标的对应移动或触摸屏显示器上的接触的移动(例如，通过使用制表键或箭头键将焦点从一个按钮移动到另一个按钮)；在这些具体实施中，焦点选择器根据用户界面的不同区域之间的焦点移动而移动。不考虑焦点选择器所采取的具体形式，焦点选择器通常是由用户控制的以便递送与用户界面的用户预期的交互(例如，通过向设备指示用户界面的用户期望与其进行交互的元素)的用户界面元素(或触摸屏显示器上的接触)。例如，在触敏表面(例如，触控板或触摸屏)上检测到按压输入时，焦点选择器(例如，光标、接触或选择框)在相应按钮上方的位置将指示用户意图激活相应的按钮(而不是设备显示器上示出的其他用户界面元素)。
如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，接触的“特征强度”这一术语是指基于接触的一个或多个强度的接触的特征。在一些实施方案中，特征强度基于多个强度样本。特征强度任选地基于相对于预定义事件(例如，在检测到接触之后，在检测到接触抬起之前，在检测到接触开始移动之前或之后，在检测到接触结束之前，在检测到接触的强度增大之前或之后和/或在检测到接触的强度减小之前或之后)而言在预先确定的时间段(例如，0.05秒、0.1秒、0.2秒、0.5秒、1秒、2秒、5秒、10秒)期间采集的预定义数量的强度样本或一组强度样本。接触的特性强度任选地基于以下各项中的一者或多者：接触强度的最大值、接触强度的均值、接触强度的平均值、接触强度的前10％处的值、接触强度的半最大值、接触强度的90％最大值等。在一些实施方案中，在确定特征强度时使用接触的持续时间(例如，在特征强度是接触的强度在时间上的平均值时)。在一些实施方案中，将特性强度与一组一个或多个强度阈值进行比较，以确定用户是否已执行操作。例如，该组一个或多个强度阈值可包括第一强度阈值和第二强度阈值。在该示例中，特征强度未超过第一阈值的接触导致第一操作，特征强度超过第一强度阈值但未超过第二强度阈值的接触导致第二操作，而特征强度超过第二阈值的接触导致第三操作。在一些实施方案中，使用特性强度与一个或多个阈值之间的比较来确定是否要执行一个或多个操作(例如，是执行相应操作还是放弃执行相应操作)，而不是用于确定执行第一操作还是第二操作。
在一些实施方案中，识别手势的一部分以用于确定特征强度。例如，触敏表面可接收连续的轻扫接触，该连续的轻扫接触从起始位置过渡并到达结束位置，在该结束位置处，接触的强度增加。在该示例中，接触在结束位置处的特征强度可仅基于连续轻扫接触的一部分，而不是整个轻扫接触(例如，仅结束位置处的轻扫接触部分)。在一些实施方案中，可在确定接触的特征强度之前向轻扫手势的强度应用平滑化算法。例如，该平滑化算法任选地包括以下各项中的一者或多者：不加权滑动平均平滑化算法、三角平滑化算法、中值滤波器平滑化算法和/或指数平滑化算法。在一些情况下，这些平滑化算法消除了轻扫接触的强度中的窄的尖峰或凹陷，目的是确定特征强度。
可相对于一个或多个强度阈值诸如接触检测强度阈值、轻按压强度阈值、深按压强度阈值和/或一个或多个其他强度阈值来表征触敏表面上的接触的强度。在一些实施方案中，轻按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行通常与点击物理鼠标的按钮或触控板相关联的操作。在一些实施方案中，深按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行与通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作不同的操作。在一些实施方案中，当检测到特征强度低于轻按压强度阈值(例如，并且高于标称接触检测强度阈值，比标称接触检测强度阈值低的接触不再被检测到)的接触时，设备将根据接触在触敏表面上的移动来移动焦点选择器，而不执行与轻按压强度阈值或深按压强度阈值相关联的操作。一般来讲，除非另有陈述，否则这些强度阈值在不同组的用户界面图之间是一致的。
接触的特征强度从低于轻按压强度阈值的强度增大到介于轻按压强度阈值与深按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为“轻按压”输入。接触的特征强度从低于深按压强度阈值的强度增大到高于深按压强度阈值的强度有时被称为“深按压”输入。接触的特征强度从低于接触检测强度阈值的强度增大到介于接触检测强度阈值与轻按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为检测到触摸表面上的接触。接触的特征强度从高于接触检测强度阈值的强度减小到低于接触检测强度阈值的强度有时被称为检测到接触从触摸表面抬离。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值为零。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值大于零。
在本文中所述的一些实施方案中，响应于检测到包括相应按压输入的手势或响应于检测到利用相应接触(或多个接触)执行的相应按压输入来执行一个或多个操作，其中至少部分地基于检测到该接触(或多个接触)的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值而检测到相应按压输入。在一些实施方案中，响应于检测到相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向下冲程”)来执行相应操作。在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。
在一些实施方案中，设备采用强度滞后以避免有时称为“抖动”的意外输入，其中设备限定或选择与按压输入强度阈值具有预定义关系的滞后强度阈值(例如，滞后强度阈值比按压输入强度阈值低X个强度单位，或滞后强度阈值是按压输入强度阈值的75％、90％或某个合理比例)。因此，在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于对应于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于滞后强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。类似地，在一些实施方案中，仅在设备检测到接触的强度从等于或低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到等于或高于按压输入强度阈值的强度并且任选地接触的强度随后减小到等于或低于滞后强度的强度时才检测到按压输入，并且响应于检测到按压输入(例如，根据环境，接触的强度增大或接触的强度减小)来执行相应操作。
为了便于解释，任选地，响应于检测到以下各种情况中的任一种情况而触发对响应于与按压输入强度阈值相关联的按压输入或响应于包括按压输入的手势而执行的操作的描述：接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值、接触的强度从低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值的强度、接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，和/或接触的强度减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值。另外，在将操作描述为响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值而执行的示例中，任选地响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于对应于并且小于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值来执行操作。
3.数字助理系统
图7A示出根据各种示例的数字助理系统700的框图。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可在独立式计算机系统上实现。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可跨多个计算机分布。在一些示例中，数字助理的模块和功能中的一些可被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分位于一个或多个用户设备(例如，设备104、122、200、400或600)上并通过一个或多个网络与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)通信，例如，如图1中所示。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可为图1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或DA服务器106)的具体实施。应当指出，数字助理系统700仅为数字助理系统的一个示例，并且该数字助理系统700具有比所示更多或更少的部件、可组合两个或更多个部件，或者可具有部件的不同配置或布置。图7A中所示的各种部件可在硬件、用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)，或它们的组合中实现。
数字助理系统700可包括存储器702、一个或多个处理器704、输入/输出(I/O)接口706，以及网络通信接口708。这些部件可通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线710彼此通信。
在一些示例中，存储器702可包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些示例中，I/O接口706可将数字助理系统700的输入/输出设备716诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接至用户界面模块722。结合用户界面模块722，I/O接口706可接收用户输入(例如，语音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些示例中，例如，当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实现时，数字助理系统700可包括相对于图2A、图4、图6A至图6B中各自的设备200、400或600所描述的部件和I/O通信接口中的任一者。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可代表数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且可通过位于用户设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)上的客户端侧部分与用户进行交互。
在一些示例中，网络通信接口708可包括一个或多个有线通信端口712，以及/或者无线传输和接收电路714。一个或多个有线通信端口可经由一个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线等接收和发送通信信号。无线电路714可从通信网络及其他通信设备接收RF信号和/或光学信号以及将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络及其他通信设备。无线通信可使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX或任何其他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口708可使数字助理系统700通过网络，诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)，与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些示例中，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，包括以下内容中的全部或其子集：操作系统718、通信模块720、用户界面模块722、一个或多个应用程序724和数字助理模块726。具体地讲，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可存储用于执行上述过程1100至1300的指令。一个或多个处理器704可执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写到数据结构。
操作系统718(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、WINDOWS，或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)可包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动器，并且促进各种硬件、固件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块720可促进数字助理系统700与其他设备之间通过网络通信接口708通信。例如，通信模块720可与电子设备诸如分别在图2A、图4、图6A至图6B中所示的设备200、400或600的RF电路208通信。通信模块720还可包括各种部件，用于处理由无线电路714和/或有线通信端口712所接收的数据。
用户界面模块722可经由I/O接口706接收来自用户(例如，来自键盘、触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)的命令和/或输入，并在显示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块722还可准备输出(例如，语音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将其经由I/O接口706(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器、触控板等)传达给用户。
应用程序724可包括被配置为由一个或多个处理器704执行的程序和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实现，则应用程序724可包括用户应用程序，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用程序或邮件应用程序。如果数字助理系统700在服务器上实现，则应用程序724可包括例如资源管理应用程序、诊断应用程序或调度应用程序。
存储器702还可存储数字助理模块726(或数字助理的服务器部分)。在一些示例中，数字助理模块726可包括以下子模块或者其子集或超集：输入/输出处理模块728、语音转文本(STT)处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理模块734、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738和语音合成模块740。这些模块中的每一者均可具有对以下数字助理模块726的系统或数据与模型中的一者或多者或者其子集或超集的访问权限：知识本体760、词汇索引744、用户数据748、任务流模型754、服务模型756和ASR系统。
在一些示例中，使用在数字助理模块726上实现的处理模块、数据和模型，数字助理可执行以下内容中的至少一些：将语音输入转换为文本；识别从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户的意图；主动引出并获取用于充分推断用户意图所需的信息(例如，通过消除字词、游戏、意向等的歧义)；确定用于满足推断出的意图的任务流；以及执行任务流以满足推断出的意图。
在一些示例中，如图7B中所示，I/O处理模块728可通过图7A中的I/O设备716与用户进行交互或者通过图7A中的网络通信接口708与用户设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)进行交互，以获取用户输入(例如，语音输入)并提供对该用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块728随同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后不久可任选地获取与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。上下文信息可包括特定于用户的数据、词汇和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。在一些示例中，上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时用户设备的软件和硬件状态，和/或与在接收到用户请求时用户周围环境相关的信息。在一些示例中，I/O处理模块728还可向用户发送关于用户请求的跟进问题，并且从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块728接收且用户请求包括语音输入时，I/O处理模块728可将语音输入转发至STT处理模块730(或语音识别器)以进行语音至文本转换。
STT处理模块730可包括一个或多个ASR系统。一个或多个ASR系统可处理通过I/O处理模块728接收到的语音输入，以产生识别结果。每个ASR系统可包括前端语音预处理器。前端语音预处理器可从语音输入中提取代表性特征。例如，前端语音预处理器可对语音输入执行傅里叶变换，以提取表征语音输入的光谱特征作为代表性多维向量的序列。此外，每个ASR系统可包括一个或多个语音识别模型(例如，声学模型和/或语言模型)并且可实现一个或多个语音识别引擎。语音识别模型的示例可包括隐马尔可夫模型、高斯混合模型、深层神经网络模型、n元语言模型以及其他统计模型。语音识别引擎的示例可包括基于动态时间规整的引擎和基于加权有限状态变换器(WFST)的引擎。可使用一个或多个语音识别模型和一个或多个语音识别引擎来处理前端语音预处理器所提取的代表性特征以产生中间识别结果(例如，音素、音素串和子字词)，并且最终产生文本识别结果(例如，字词、字词串或符号序列)。在一些示例中，语音输入至少部分地可由第三方服务处理或在用户的设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)上处理以产生识别结果。一旦STT处理模块730产生包含文本串(例如，字词，或字词的序列，或符号的序列)的识别结果，该识别结果即可被传送至自然语言处理模块732以供意图推断。
有关语音转文本处理的更多细节在提交于2011年9月20日的名为“ConsolidatingSpeech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号13/236,942中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可包括可识别字词的词汇和/或经由语音字母转换模块731访问该词汇。每个词汇字词可与语音识别语音字母表中表示的字词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体地讲，可识别字词的词汇可包括与多个候选发音相关联的字词。例如，该词汇可包括与和的候选发音相关联的字词“tomato”。此外，词汇字词可与基于来自用户的先前语音输入的自定义候选发音相关联。此类自定义候选发音可被存储在STT处理模块730中，并且可经由设备上的用户配置文件与特定用户相关联。在一些示例中，字词的候选发音可基于字词的拼写以及一个或多个语言学和/或语音学规则确定。在一些示例中，候选发音可手动生成，例如，基于已知的标准发音而手动生成。
在一些示例中，可基于候选发音的普遍性来对候选发音进行排序。例如，候选发音的排序可高于因为前者是更常用的发音(例如，在所有用户中，对于特定地理区域的用户而言，或者对于任何其他合适的用户子集而言)。在一些示例中，可基于候选发音是否为与用户相关联的自定义候选发音来对候选发音进行排序。例如，自定义候选发音的排序可高于标准候选发音。这可用于识别具有偏离规范发音的独特发音的专有名词。在一些示例中，候选发音可与一个或多个语音特征(诸如地理起源、国家或种族)相关联。例如，候选发音可能与美国相关联，而候选发音可能与英国相关联。此外，候选发音的排序可基于存储在设备上的用户配置文件中的用户的一个或多个特征(例如，地理起源、国家、种族等)。例如，可从用户配置文件确定该用户与美国相关联。基于用户与美国相关联，可以将候选发音(与美国相关联)排得比候选发音(与英国相关联)更高。在一些示例中，经排序的候选发音中的一个可被选作预测发音(例如，最可能的发音)。
当接收到语音输入时，STT处理模块730可被用来(例如，使用声音模型)确定对应于该语音输入的音素，然后尝试(例如，使用语言模型)确定匹配该音素的字词。例如，如果STT处理模块730刻首先识别对应于该语音输入的一部分的音素序列那么它随后可基于词汇索引744确定该序列对应于字词“tomato”。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可使用模糊匹配技术来确定话语中的字词。因此，例如，STT处理模块730可确定音素序列对应于字词“tomato”，即使该特定音素序列不是该字词的候选音素序列。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块732(“自然语言处理器”)可取得由STT处理模块730生成的字词或符号的序列(“符号序列”)，并尝试将该符号序列与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关联。“可执行意图”可表示可由数字助理执行并且可具有在任务流模型754中实现的相关联的任务流的任务。相关联任务流可以是数字助理为了执行任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围可取决于已在任务流模型754中实施并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换句话讲，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数字助理的有效性可还取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些示例中，除了从STT处理模块730获取的字词或符号的序列之外，自然语言处理模块732还可(例如，从I/O处理模块728)接收与用户请求相关联的上下文信息。自然语言处理模块732可任选地使用上下文信息来明确、补充和/或进一步限定在从STT处理模块730接收的符号序列中包含的信息。上下文信息可包括例如：用户偏好，用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态，在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器信息，数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)，等等。如本文所述，上下文信息可为动态的，并且可随对话的时间、位置、内容以及其他因素变化。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理可基于例如知识本体760。知识本体760可以是包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如上所述，“可执行意图”可表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即，该任务为“可执行的”或者可被进行的。“属性”可表示与可执行意图或另一属性的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体760中可执行意图节点与属性节点之间的链接可定义由属性节点表示的参数如何从属于由可执行意图节点表示的任务。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。在知识本体760内，每个可执行意图节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个可执行意图节点。例如，如图7C所示，知识本体760可包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对预订)和“同行人数”均可直接链接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预订”节点)。
此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”可为属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且均可通过中间属性节点“餐厅”链接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。又如，如图7C所示，知识本体760还可包括“设定提醒”节点(即，另一个可执行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设定提醒)和“主题”(针对提醒)均可链接至“设定提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间”可与进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务二者均相关，因此属性节点“日期/时间”可链接至知识本体760中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设定提醒”节点二者。
可执行意图节点连同其链接的概念节点一起可被描述为“域”。在本论述中，每个域可与相应的可执行意图相关联，并涉及与特定可执行意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图7C中示出的知识本体760可包括知识本体760内的餐厅预订域762的示例以及提醒域764的示例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域764可包括可执行意图节点“设置提醒”以及属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。在一些示例中，知识本体760可由多个域组成。每个域可与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域762和提醒域764之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还可与许多不同域(例如，行程安排域、旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图7C示出了知识本体760内的两个示例域，但其他域可包括例如“查找电影”、“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、“发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域可与“发送消息”可执行意图节点相关联，并且还可包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”可进一步例如由子属性节点诸如“接收人姓名”和“消息地址”来定义。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作用的所有域(并由此包括可执行意图)。在一些示例中，知识本体760可诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点，或者通过修改知识本体760内的节点之间的关系来进行修改。
在一些示例中，可将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知识本体760中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域可包括与旅行有关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行有关的可执行意图节点可包括“航班预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”、“寻找兴趣点”等等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可执行意图节点可具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”和“寻找兴趣点”的可执行意图节点可共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“同行人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些示例中，知识本体760中的每个节点可与跟由节点代表的属性或可执行意图相关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语可为所谓的与节点相关联的“词汇”。可将与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所表示的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引744中。例如，返回图7B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。又如，与“发起电话呼叫”可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词和短语诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与……通电话”、“呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等等。词汇索引744可任选地包括不同语言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理模块732可从STT处理模块730接收符号序列(例如，文本串)，并且确定符号序列中的字词牵涉什么节点。在一些示例中，如果发现符号序列中的字词或短语(经由词汇索引744)与知识本体760中的一个或多个节点相关联，则该字词或短语可“触发”或“激活”这些节点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理模块732可选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户意图使数字助理执行的任务。在一些示例中，可选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些示例中，可选择具有最高置信度(例如，基于其各个已触发节点的相对重要性)的域。在一些示例中，可基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些示例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素，诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据748可包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认语言和第二语言、用户的联系人列表，以及每位用户的其他短期或长期信息。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可使用特定于用户的信息来补充用户输入中所包含的信息以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日派对”，自然语言处理模块732可能够访问用户数据748以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日派对”将于何时何地举行，而不需要用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
基于符号串搜索知识本体的其他细节在提交于2008年12月22日的名为“Methodand Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/341,743中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，一旦自然语言处理模块732基于用户请求识别出可执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理模块732便可生成结构化查询以表示所识别的可执行意图。在一些示例中，结构化查询可包括针对可执行意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数，并且该参数中的至少一些参数填充有用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户可以说“帮我在寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理模块732可能够基于用户输入将可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询可包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时间}、{日期}、{同行人数}等。在一些示例中，基于语音输入和使用STT处理模块730从语音输入得出的文本，自然语言处理模块732可针对餐厅预订域生成部分结构化查询，其中部分结构化查询包括参数{菜系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该示例中，用户话语包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于当前可用的信息，在结构化查询中可能未指定其他必要的参数，诸如{同行人数}和{日期}。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可用所接收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些示例中，如果用户请求“附近的”寿司店，自然语言处理模块732可用来自用户设备的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可将所生成的结构化查询(包括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块736(“任务流处理器”)。任务流处理模块736可被配置为接收来自自然语言处理模块732的结构化查询，(必要时)完成结构化查询，以及执行“完成”用户最终请求所需的动作。在一些示例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程可在任务流模型754中提供。在一些示例中，任务流模型754可包括用于获取来自用户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736可能需要发起与用户的附加对话，以便获取附加信息和/或弄清可能有歧义的话语。当有必要进行此类交互时，任务流处理模块736可调用对话流处理模块734来参与同用户的对话。在一些示例中，对话流处理器模块734可确定如何(和/或何时)向用户请求附加信息，并且接收和处理用户响应。通过I/O处理模块728可将问题提供给用户并且可从用户接收回答。在一些示例中，对话处理模块734可经由音频和/或视频输出向用户呈现对话输出，并且接收经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应的来自用户的输入。继续上述示例，在任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来确定针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询的“同行人数”和“日期”信息时，对话流处理模块734可生成诸如“一行几位？”和“预订哪天？”之类的问题传送至用户。一旦收到来自用户的回答，对话流处理模块734随后就可用缺失信息填充结构化查询，或者将信息传送至任务流处理模块736以根据结构化查询完善缺失信息。
一旦任务流处理模块736已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736就可开始执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此，任务流处理模块736可根据包含在结构化查询中的特定参数来执行任务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务流模型可包括用于联系餐厅并实际上请求在特定时间针对特定同行人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，通过使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订，餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆，日期＝2012/3/12，时间＝晚上7点，同行人数＝5人}，任务流处理模块736可执行以下步骤：(1)登录到ABC咖啡馆的服务器或餐厅预订系统诸如(2)在网站上的表格中输入日期、时间和同行人数信息，(3)提交表格，以及(4)在用户日历中针对该预订制作日历条目。
在一些示例中，任务流处理模块736可在服务处理模块738(“服务处理模块”)的辅助下完成用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供用户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理模块738可代表任务流处理模块736发起电话呼叫、设定日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户设备上安装的其他用户应用程序或与所述其他应用程序进行交互，以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网站等)或与第三方服务进行交互。在一些示例中，可通过服务模型756中的相应服务模型指定每项服务所需的协议和应用程序编程接口(API)。服务处理模块738可针对服务访问合适的服务模型，并依据服务模型根据该服务所需的协议和API生成针对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则该餐厅可提交服务模型，该服务模型指定用于进行预订的必要参数以及用于将必要参数的值传送至在线预订服务的API。在被任务流处理模块736请求时，服务处理模块738可使用存储在服务模型中的web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连接，并且将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、同行人数)以根据在线预订服务API的格式发送至在线预订接口。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732、对话处理模块734以及任务流处理模块736可被共同且反复地使用，以推断并限定用户的意图，获取信息以进一步明确并细化用户意图，并最终生成响应(即，输出至用户，或完成任务)以满足用户意图。所生成的响应可为至少部分地满足用户意图的对语音输入的对话响应。此外，在一些示例中，所生成的响应可被输出为语音输出。在这些示例中，所生成的响应可被发送到语音合成模块740(例如，语音合成器)，其中可处理该响应以将对话响应以语音形式合成。在其他示例中，所生成的响应可为与满足语音输入中的用户请求相关的数据内容。
语音合成模块740可被配置为合成用于呈现给用户的语音输出。语音合成模块740基于数字助理提供的文本来合成语音输出。例如，所生成的对话响应可为文本串形式。语音合成模块740可将文本串转换为可听语音输出。语音合成模块740可使用任何合适的语音合成技术，以便从文本生成语音输出，该语音合成技术包括但不限于：拼接合成、单元选择合成、双音素合成、域特定合成、共振峰合成、发音合成、基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的合成，以及正弦波合成。在一些示例中，语音合成模块740可被配置为基于对应于这些字词的音素串来合成各个字词。例如，音素串可与所生成的对话响应中的字词相关联。音素串可被存储在与单词相关联的元数据中。语音合成模型740可被配置为直接处理元数据中的音素串，以合成语音形式的字词。
在一些示例中，替代使用语音合成模块740(或除此之外)，可在远程设备(例如，服务器系统108)上执行语音合成，并且将合成的语音发送至用户设备以输出给用户。例如，这可发生在一些具体实施中，其中在服务器系统处生成数字助理的输出。而且由于服务器系统通常比用户设备具有更强的处理能力或更多的资源，获取比客户端侧合成将实现的质量更高的语音输出可为可能的。
有关数字助理的另外细节可见于提交于2011年1月10日的名称为“IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请号12/987,982和提交于2011年9月30日的名称为“Generating and Processing Task Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”的美国实用新型专利申请号13/251,088中，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
4.自然语音交互的示例性技术
图8A至图8D、图9A至图9G、图10A至图10G示出了根据各种示例的用于操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程。这些附图还用于示出下文描述的过程，包括图11A至图11B、图12A至图12B以及图13A至图13B中的过程。
图8A示出了电子设备800。在一些实施方案中，电子设备800可为设备104、122、200、400、600、900、1000、1400、1500和1600(图1、图2A、图3、图4、图5A、图6A至图6B、图9A至图9G、图10A至图10G、图14至图16)中的任一设备。在例示的示例中，电子设备800为扬声器，但是应当理解，电子设备可为任何类型的设备，诸如电话、膝上型电脑、台式计算机、平板电脑、可穿戴设备(例如，智能手表)、机顶盒，家用电器(包括电视)，或其任何组合或子组合。
在操作中，电子设备800提供用户和智能自动化助理之间的自然语言语音交流。在一些示例中，交流为纯听觉性的。在一些示例中，交流除此之外或另选地为视觉性的(例如，通过图形用户界面的方式)。
在图8A中，电子设备800(例如，经由麦克风)接收针对电子设备800的自动化助理的自然语言语音输入810。在一些示例中，自然语言语音输入指示内容。在所描绘的示例中，自然语言语音输入810(“嘿，SIRI，播放一首BEATLES的歌曲”)指示媒体内容(例如，“一首BEATLES的歌曲”)。如本文所述，内容可包括可由人类用户消费的任何类型的信息。示例性内容包括但不限于联系人信息(例如，电话号码地址)、媒体项目(例如，歌曲、电影、电视剧、文本/有声读物)、感兴趣的地方、感兴趣的人、感兴趣的事件，或其任何组合。
在一些示例中，自然语言语音输入包括用于检索和/或呈现内容的用户请求。在一些示例中，例如，自然语言语音输入包括可用于识别和/或检索内容的一个或多个参数(例如，名称、艺术家、位置、媒体类型)。参考图8A，用户802提供指定艺术家(“BEATLES”)和媒体类型(“歌曲”)的自然语言语音输入810。另外的指示内容的示例性自然语言语音输入包括“嘿，SIRI，为我查找CUPERTINO附近的餐厅”、“为我阅读《哈利波特与魔法石》”以及“外面天气如何”。
如图8B中所示，例如，响应于自然语言语音输入，电子设备800(例如，经由扬声器)提供音频输出812。在一些示例中，音频输出包括电子设备800的自动化助理的合成语音。音频输出包括可呈现内容的多种格式。用于呈现内容的示例性格式包括但不限于：完整的内容、内容的概要、内容的一部分，内容的释义或其任何组合。在图8B中所描绘的示例中，电子设备800经由音频输出812提供“您想要我提供歌曲名称、专辑简介、专辑长度或别的什么吗？”
在一些示例中，电子设备800基于上下文信息来识别多种格式。上下文信息包括但不限于：内容的类型(例如，歌曲、书籍、感兴趣的地方)、内容的大小(例如，页数、回放时间)、与内容相关联的信息(例如，元数据、概要)、电子设备的类型(例如，设备是否为具有显示器的设备)、与设备相关联的环境因素(例如，设备是否在移动)、用户偏好或其组合。在图8B中所描绘的示例中，当用户已经要求电子设备800播放歌曲时，所呈现的格式包括“歌曲名称”、“专辑名称”和“专辑简介”。作为另一示例，如果用户已经要求电子设备800阅读书籍，所呈现的格式可包括“章节名称”和“卷名称”。
在一些示例中，电子设备800基于内容的类型和/或电子设备800的设备类型选择性地提供音频输出。举例来说，如果内容为视频并且电子设备800为扬声器，则电子设备可停止提供音频输出。取而代之的是，电子设备800可向用户指示将不提供内容。
在一些示例中，音频输出还包括描述内容的信息。描述内容的信息可有助于允许用户选择内容的格式，如下文所述。在一些示例中，描述内容的信息包括指示内容大小的信息(例如，页数、完整回放时间、项目数)。在所描绘的示例中，音频输出812(“我找到了275首歌曲和12张专辑”)包括多首歌曲和多张音乐专辑。
在一些示例中，电子设备800(例如，经由该音频输出或另外不同的音频输出)指示用户可指定不包括在第一音频输出中的格式(例如，812；“或别的什么？”)。在一些示例中，电子设备800(例如，经由第一音频输出或不同的音频输出)提供用于选择格式的一个或多个示例性输入，诸如“您可以说‘仅简介’”(未示出)。
转到图8C，电子设备800(例如，经由麦克风)接收指示对多种格式中一种格式的选择的自然语言语音输入814。在所描绘的示例中，电子设备800从用户802接收自然语言语音输入814(“阅读专辑名称”)。
在图8D中，电子设备800(例如，经由扬声器)提供音频输出817，该音频输出包括具有所选格式的内容。在所描绘的示例中，根据自然语言语音输入814(“阅读专辑名称”)，音频输出817包括BEATLES专辑的名称(“《LET IT BE》，《ABBEY ROAD》”)。
在一些示例中，电子设备800在提供音频输出817之前(例如，经由扬声器)提供音频输出816。在一些示例中，音频输出816指示可中断音频输入817。如图所示，例如，音频输出816(“好的。您可以随时打断我”)指示在电子设备800提供音频输出817时用户可中断。另外的示例性音频输出包括但不限于：“当您听到您喜欢的内容时，请告诉我”、“如果您想更多地了解它们中的任何一个，请告诉我”，以及“如果您有任何疑问，请告诉我。”下文更详细地提供用于处理用户的语音打断输入的各种示例性过程和机制。
在一些示例中，电子设备800接收重复音频输出的用户请求。作为响应，电子设备800提供不同于该音频输出的经调节的音频输出。在一些示例中，经调节的音频输出包括该音频输出的相同内容，但使用不同的回放方式提供。举例来说，经调节的音频输出以与该音频输出不同的速率(例如，更慢)、不同的音量(例如，更大)和/或不同的语言被提供。例如，如果先前的音频输出包括单词的拼写(例如，“A-P-P-L-E”)，则经调节的音频输出以更慢的速率重复相同的拼写。在一些示例中，经调节的音频输出包括音频输出816的相同内容以及附加信息。又如，如果音频输出包括诸如餐馆(例如，“CAFFE MACS”)之类的商家的名称，则经调节的音频输出包括商家名称和商家的位置两者(例如，“CAFFE MACS IN CUPERTINO”)。在一些示例中，回放被调节的方式取决于当前语音交互的域。例如，如果音频输出与第一域(例如，拼写)相关联，则可以第一方式(例如，更慢的回放)调节回放。如果音频输出与第二域(例如，搜索)相关联，则可以第二方式(例如，添加的附加信息)来调节回放。在一些示例中，电子设备800提供询问用户其是否需要帮助的音频输出。
图9A示出了电子设备900。在一些实施方案中，电子设备900可为设备104、122、200、400、600、800、1000、1400、1500和1600(图1、图2A、图3、图4、图5A、图6A至图6B、图8A至图8D、图10A至图10G、图14至图16)中的任一设备。在例示的示例中，电子设备900为扬声器，但是应当理解，电子设备可为任何类型的设备，诸如电话、膝上型电脑、台式计算机、平板电脑、可穿戴设备(例如，智能手表)、机顶盒，家用电器(包括电视)，或其任何组合或子组合。
在图9A中，电子设备900(例如，经由该电子设备的扬声器)提供音频输出918。在一些示例中，音频输出包括电子设备900的自动化助理的合成语音。在一些示例中，音频输出指示项目列表并/或包括内容。
参考图9A，电子设备900提供指示项目列表的音频输出918。在所描绘的示例中，音频输出918(“《LET IT BE》，《ABBEY ROAD》，THE BEATL…”)指示专辑名称列表。在一些示例中，电子设备900响应于处理自然语言语音输入而提供音频输出，如相对于图8A至图8D所描述的。在一些示例中，电子设备900(例如，经由扬声器)向用户指示音频输出可在开始提供音频输出之前中断，类似于相对于图8D所讨论的音频输出817。
在图9B中，在提供音频输出918时，电子设备900(例如，经由电子设备的麦克风)接收自然语言语音输入922(“就播放那一个”)。在所描绘的示例中，在接收自然语言语音输入922时，电子设备900正处于叙述专辑名称列表的过程中，具体地讲正处于叙述专辑名称“BEATLES”的过程中。
响应于接收到自然语言语音输入922，电子设备900基于自然语言语音输入和音频输出获取用户意图的表示。例如，在一些示例中，电子设备900响应于接收到自然语言语音输入来识别音频输出的内容的一部分，并且基于所识别的内容部分和自然语言语音输入922获取用户意图的表示。在一些示例中，电子设备900选择在接收自然语言语音输入922时提供的音频输出的一部分(例如，“BEATL”)。在一些示例中，电子设备900选择在接收自然语言语音输入922之前提供的音频输出的一部分(例如，“ABBEY ROAD”)。
在一些示例中，电子设备900基于音频输出的所选部分识别与用户意图的表示相关联的一个或多个参数。在一些示例中，音频输出指示项目列表(例如，媒体项目列表、感兴趣的地方列表、感兴趣的人列表)，并且音频输出的所选部分指示列表的项目(例如，媒体项目、感兴趣的地方、感兴趣的人)。在图9B中所描绘的示例中，例如，音频输出920(“《LET ITBE》，《ABBEY ROAD》，THE BEATL”)指示媒体项目列表，并且音频输出920的所选部分指示媒体项目列表的媒体项目(例如，名为“THE BEATLES”的专辑)。
在图9C中，基于所获取的用户意图的表示，电子设备900识别任务并执行所识别的任务。在一些示例中，电子设备900还识别与任务相关联的一个或多个参数，并使用所述一个或多个参数来执行任务。在一些示例中，与任务相关联的一个或多个参数基于与用户意图的表示相关联的一个或多个参数。在图9C中所描绘的示例中，电子设备900识别执行对媒体项目的回放的任务和与任务相关联的参数“THE BEATLES”。这样，电子设备900执行对“BEATLES”专辑的回放924。作为另一示例，如果电子设备900在接收自然语言语音输入(“到那儿的路线”)时读取感兴趣的地方列表(例如，餐馆)，则电子设备可提供与从列表中识别的感兴趣的特定地方相关联的信息(例如，导航细节)。
参考图9D，在执行对媒体内容的回放(例如，926；“BEATLES”专辑)时，电子设备900接收另一自然语言语音输入928。在一些示例中，自然语言语音输入针对电子设备800提供对媒体内容的回放的方式(例如，928；“将它开大声点”)。在一些示例中，电子设备900以与相对于图9A至图9C所讨论的类似的方式处理自然语言语音输入。例如，电子设备900基于电子设备的音频输出获取用户意图的表示(例如，将“它”解释为指当前对“BEATLES”专辑的回放)。
如图9E所示，电子设备900响应于自然语言语音输入928调节对媒体内容的回放。在一些示例中，电子设备900调节电子设备的扬声器的音量。电子设备可例如增大音量(例如，响应于用户输入928“将它开大声点”)或减小音量(例如，响应于用户输入“小声点”)。在其他示例中，电子设备900暂停对媒体内容的回放(例如，响应于用户输入“现在暂停”)。在其他示例中，电子设备900执行对不同媒体内容的回放。电子设备900可例如切换到所选艺术家或专辑的不同歌曲(例如，响应于用户输入“跳过这一个”)。
在图9F中，在执行对媒体内容的回放(例如，926；“BEATLES”专辑)时，电子设备900接收自然语言语音输入934(“嘿，SIRI，现在几点了？”)。
在图9G中，响应于接收到自然语言语音输入934，电子设备900衰减音频输出932。在图9G中所描绘的示例中，电子设备900继续执行对“THE BEATLES”专辑的回放，但是以模糊的方式进行回放。这样，电子设备使对自然语言语音输入934的响应(936；“现在是下午2点”)更容易被用户902听到。
在一些示例中，电子设备900通过调节音频输出来衰减音频输出。例如，电子设备900可使音频输出变模糊，以不同(例如，较低)音量提供音频输出，并/或以不同(例如，较低)速率提供音频输出。在一些示例中，电子设备900通过停止提供当前音频输出来衰减当前音频输出。
在一些示例中，电子设备900根据音频输出的特性(例如，类型、音量、元数据)以不同的方式衰减音频输出。在一些示例中，响应于接收到自然语言语音输入(例如，934)，电子设备900确定音频输出的类型。响应于确定音频输出是第一类型(例如，歌曲)，电子设备900调节对音频输出的回放。响应于确定不同于第一类型(例如，自动化助理的合成语音)的第二类型的音频输出，电子设备900停止提供音频输出。
在一些示例中，电子设备900响应于检测到自然语言语音输入934中的口头触发(例如，“嘿，Siri”)而衰减音频输出。在一些示例中，电子设备900响应于确定用户已完成提供自然语言语音输入而衰减音频输出(例如，934)。在一些示例中，电子设备900在对自然语言语音输入(例如，934)进行响应(例如，提供所请求的结果)时衰减音频输出。
应当理解，电子设备900可以与相对于自然语言语音输入934所讨论的相似的方式，响应于接收到自然语言语音输入922(“就播放那一个”；图9A)和/或自然语言语音输入928(“将它开大声点”；图9D)而衰减音频输出。
图10A示出了电子设备1000。在一些实施方案中，电子设备1000可为设备104、122、200、400、600、800、900、1400、1500和1600(图1、图2A、图3、图4、图5A、图6A至图6B、图8A至图8D、图9A至图9G、图14至图16)中的任一设备。在例示的示例中，电子设备1000为扬声器，但是应当理解，电子设备可为任何类型的设备，诸如电话、膝上型电脑、台式计算机、平板电脑、可穿戴设备(例如，智能手表)、机顶盒，家用电器(包括电视)，或其任何组合或子组合。
在图10A中，电子设备1000(例如，经由电子设备的麦克风)对包括口头触发(例如，“嘿，SIRI”)的音频输入1038进行采样。在一些示例中，口头触发被配置为调用电子设备的自动化助理。
在图10B中，响应于对音频输入1038进行采样，电子设备1000(例如，经由电子设备的扬声器)提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出1040。在一些示例中，音频输出指示自动化助理的活动状态(例如，被触发或被调用)。在一些示例中，当自动化助理处于活动状态时，电子设备将任何采集的音频输入(有或没有口头触发)解释为针对自动化助理。在一些示例中，当处于活动状态时，自动化助理维护当前用户会话的上下文。
在一些示例中，音频输出是连续的声音、单音的声音、白噪音、流水的声音或其组合。在一些示例中，电子设备1000在一段时间内逐渐衰减音频输出。例如，电子设备1000可在用户会话期间连续地减小音频输出回放的音量和/或速率。在图10B中所描绘的示例中，音频输出1040包括连续的白噪音。
在一些示例中，在提供音频输出时，电子设备1000提供指示确认口头触发的另一独立音频输出。指示确认口头触发的音频输出可以是言语的(例如“您叫我吗？”)或非言语的(例如，嘟嘟声)。在图10B的示例中，电子设备1000提供音频输出1042(“嗯？”)来指示确认口头触发(例如，“嘿，SIRI”)。电子设备1000提供音频输出1040，同时在一些示例中提供音频输出1040。
参考图10C至图10G描述了电子设备1000的进一步操作。在一些示例中，电子设备800可在与图10C至图10G中的一者或多者有关的操作期间继续提供音频输出1040。
参考图10C，电子设备1000接收自然语言语音输入1044。在所描绘的示例中，自然语言语音输入1044包括用户请求“外面是什么天气？”在一些示例中，音频输入1038和自然语言语音输入1044是同一音频输入的部分(例如，“嘿，SIRI，外面是什么天气？”)。
在图10D中，电子设备1000基于自然语言语音输入1044获取用户意图的表示。在所描绘的示例中，电子设备1000基于自然语言语音输入1044获取用户意图的表示(即，提供当前时间)。
在一些示例中，电子设备1000提供指示正在对用户请求进行处理的独立音频输出。指示正在对用户请求进行处理的音频输出可以是言语的(例如，“让我想想”)或非言语的(例如，啄木鸟啄物声)。在所描绘的示例中，电子设备1000提供音频输出1046(“唔——”)以指示正在对自然语言语音输入1044(例如，“外面是什么天气”)进行处理。
在图10E中，电子设备1000执行任务并基于所执行的任务提供一个或多个结果。在所描绘的示例中，电子设备1000获得天气信息并提供音频输出1048(“CUPERTINO现在70度”)。
在一些示例中，电子设备1000的自动化助理在提供一个或多个结果之后经过预定义的时间段后进入非活动状态。在一些示例中，当自动化助理处于非活动状态时，电子设备1000停止提供音频输出1040。例如，如参考图10B所述，电子设备1000响应于接收到自然语言语音输入1038而提供输出1040，并且可在操作期间继续提供音频输出1040以指示自动化助理保持在活动状态。然而，电子设备1000可在电子设备提供结果之后停止提供音频输出1040，例如，如相对于图10E所描述的。
在自动化助理从活动状态转换到非活动状态之后，电子设备1000可在转换之后的预定义时间段内接收不包括口头触发的音频输入。在一些示例中，作为响应，电子设备1000可处理音频输入，就像音频输入确实包括口语触发一样。
例如，参考图10F，电子设备1000在执行任务(例如，获取天气信息)之后接收第二音频输入(例如，1052；“那SAN FRANCISCO呢？”)。值得注意的是，第二音频输入(例如，1052)不包括口头触发(例如，“嘿，SIRI”)。
如上所述，在一些示例中，电子设备1000确定与用户相关联的上下文、当前用户交互和/或当前用户会话。基于上下文和第二音频输入，电子设备获取第二用户意图的表示。上下文可在接收到第二音频输入之前或之后确定。如上面相对于图2A至图2B和图7A至图7C所讨论的，上下文可包括自动化助理和用户之间的先前交互(例如，先前的输入、先前获取的用户意图、先前识别的任务或其组合)。在所描绘的示例中，电子设备1000将第二音频输入解释为对SAN FRANCISCO的天气信息(基于先前的音频输入1044)的自动化助理的请求。
在图10G中，电子设备1000基于用户意图的第二表示执行第二任务，并且基于所执行的第二任务提供一个或多个结果。具体地讲，电子设备1000提供音频输出1054(“SANFRANCISCO现在是65度。”)。
电子设备1000可基于上下文信息来调节其音频输出。在一些示例中，在(例如，通过麦克风)对音频输入(例如，1038；“嘿，SIRI”)进行采样之后，电子设备在提供音频响应之前确定当前上下文。在一些示例中，当前上下文包括当前时间、当前位置、传感器信息(例如，照明、环境噪音、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频)、设备的物理状态(功率电平、运动模式、速度)等。
在一些示例中，电子设备1000基于所确定的当前上下文来调节音频输出。例如，如果电子设备1000确定当前时间是午夜，并且用户最后在中午设置了音量，则电子设备1000可减小音频输出的音量。
5.操作智能自动化助理的示例性过程
图11A至图11B示出了根据一些实施方案的用于操作自动化助理的示例性过程1100的流程图。过程1100可使用一个或多个设备104、122、200、400、600、800和1400(图1、图2A、图4、图6A至图6B、图8A至图8C以及图14)来执行。过程1100中的操作任选地被组合和/或一些操作的次序任选地被改变。
在框1102处，电子设备使用该电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出。在一些示例中，提供音频输出包括提供指示项目列表的语音输出。在一些示例中，提供音频输出包括执行对媒体内容的回放。在一些示例中，在提供音频输出之前，电子设备提供第二音频输出。
在一些示例中，电子设备响应于接收到自然语言语音输入而衰减音频输出。在一些示例中，电子设备响应于接收到自然语言语音输入而停止提供音频输出。
在一些示例中，电子设备响应于接收到自然语言语音输入而确定音频输出的类型。电子设备响应于确定音频输出为第一类型而调节音频输出。电子设备响应于确定音频输出为不同于第一类型的第二类型，停止提供音频输出。
在框1104处，在提供音频输出时，电子设备使用该电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入。
在一些示例中，电子设备响应于接收到自然语言语音输入而识别音频输入的一部分。在一些示例中，音频输出的该部分指示项目列表的项目。在一些示例中，该项目为媒体项目。在一些示例中，该项目为位置。
在框1106处，电子设备基于自然语言语音输入和音频输出获取用户意图的表示。
在框1108处，电子设备基于所获取的用户意图识别任务。
在框1110处，电子设备执行任务。在一些示例中，执行任务包括利用电子设备的扬声器执行对媒体项目的回放。在一些示例中，执行任务包括利用电子设备的扬声器提供与位置相关联的信息。在一些示例中，执行任务包括调节对媒体内容的回放。调节对媒体内容的回放可包括调节电子设备的扬声器的音量或者可包括暂停对媒体内容的回放。
在一些示例中，电子设备基于音频输出的一部分识别与任务相关联的一个或多个参数。在一些示例中，执行任务包括基于所识别的一个或多个参数执行任务。
图12A至12B示出了根据一些实施方案的用于操作自动化助理的示例性过程1200的流程图。过程1200可使用一个或多个设备104、122、200、400、600、800和1500(图1、图2A、图4、图6A至图6B、图8A至图8C以及图15)来执行。过程1200中的操作任选地被组合和/或一些操作的次序任选地被改变。
在框1202处，电子设备使用该电子设备的麦克风对音频输入进行采样。在一些示例中，音频输入包括口头触发。
在框1204处，电子设备响应于对音频输入进行采样，使用该电子设备的扬声器提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出。在一些示例中，音频输出指示自动化助理的活动状态。在一些示例中，音频输出为连续的声音、白噪音和/或流水的声音。在一些示例中，提供音频输出包括在一段时间内衰减音频输出。在一些示例中，在提供音频输出时，电子设备提供指示正在对用户请求进行处理的第二音频输出、指示已完成对用户请求的处理的第三音频输出、指示确认口头触发的第四音频输出和/或指示错误的第五音频输出。在一些示例中，在对音频输入进行采样之后，电子设备确定当前上下文，并且基于所确定的当前上下文调节音频输出。在一些示例中，指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出基于电子设备的类型。
在框1206处，在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，该电子设备接收自然语言语音输入，并且基于该自然语言语音输入获取用户意图的表示。
在框1208处，电子设备基于用户意图执行任务。在一些示例中，基于用户意图执行任务包括在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，基于用户意图执行任务。
在一些示例中，在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，电子设备基于所执行的任务使用该电子设备的扬声器输出一个或多个结果。
在一些示例中，在基于所执行的任务提供一个或多个结果之后，电子设备在经过预定义的时间段之后停止提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出。
在一些示例中，电子设备确定用户上下文，并且在执行任务之后，接收不包括口头触发的第二音频输入。电子设备基于第二音频输入和用户上下文获取第二用户意图的表示，并且基于该第二用户意图执行第二任务。在一些示例中，用户上下文基于自然语言语音输入、用户意图、任务或其组合。
图13A至图13B示出了根据一些实施方案的用于操作自动化助理的示例性过程1300的流程图。过程1300可使用一个或多个设备104、122、200、400、600、800和1600(图1、图2A、图4、图6A至图6B、图8A至图8C以及图16)来执行。过程1300中的操作任选地被组合和/或一些操作的次序任选地被改变。
在框1302处，电子设备接收指示内容的第一自然语言语音输入。
在框1304处，电子设备使用该电子设备的扬声器提供第一音频输出。音频输出包括用于呈现内容的多种格式。在一些示例中，第一音频输入包括描述内容的信息。在一些示例中，描述内容的信息包括指示内容大小的信息。在一些示例中，第一音频输入基于上下文信息。在一些示例中，上下文信息基于电子设备的类型。在一些示例中，多种格式包括以下各项中的一者或多者：完整的内容、内容的概要、内容的一部分、内容的释义或其组合。在一些示例中，第一音频输出还包括一个或多个示例性输入。
在框1306处，电子设备接收指示对多种格式中一种格式的选择的第二自然语言语音输入。
在框1308处，电子设备提供第二音频输出，该第二音频输出包括使用电子设备的扬声器以所述多种格式中的所选格式对内容的呈现。在一些示例中，电子设备接收重复第二音频输出的用户请求。电子设备响应于接收用户请求，提供不同于第二音频输出的第三音频输出。在一些示例中，提供第二音频输出包括以第一速率提供内容，并且提供第三音频输出包括以不同于第一速率的第二速率提供内容。在一些示例中，提供第二音频输出包括以第一音量提供内容，并且提供第三音频输出包括以不同于第一音量的第二音量提供内容。在一些示例中，提供第二音频输出包括以第一语言提供内容，并且提供第三音频输出包括以不同于第一语言的第二语言提供内容。在一些示例中，电子设备识别与第二音频输出相关联的域。第三音频输出基于所识别的域。
如图14所示，电子设备1400包括扬声器单元1402、麦克风单元1404以及耦接至扬声器单元1402和麦克风单元1404的处理单元1406。在一些实施方案中，处理单元1406包括提供单元1420、接收单元1422、获取单元1424、识别单元1426、任务执行单元1428，以及任选的回放执行单元1430、衰减单元1432、确定单元1434和调节单元1436。
在一些示例中，处理单元1406被配置为：经由电子设备1400的扬声器单元1402(例如，利用提供单元1420)提供音频输出(例如，框1102)；在经由电子设备1400的扬声器单元1402提供音频输出时，经由电子设备1400的麦克风单元1404(例如，利用接收单元1422)接收自然语言语音输入(例如，框1104)；基于自然语言语音输入和音频输出(例如，利用获取单元1424)获取用户意图的表示；基于所获取的用户意图(例如，利用识别单元1426)识别任务(例如，框1106)；以及(例如，利用任务执行单元1428)执行所识别的任务(例如，框1108)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1406被进一步配置为：基于音频输出的一部分(例如，利用识别单元1426)识别与任务相关联的一个或多个参数(例如，框1128)，并且执行任务包括基于所识别的一个或多个参数执行任务。
在一些示例中，处理单元1406被进一步配置为：响应于接收到自然语言语音输入，(例如，利用识别单元1426)识别音频输出的该部分(例如，框1118)。
在一些示例中，提供音频输出包括提供指示项目列表的语音输出(例如，框1114)，并且音频输出的该部分指示项目列表的项目。
在一些示例中，项目为媒体项目，并且执行任务包括经由扬声器单元1402执行对媒体项目的(例如，使用回放执行单元1430的)回放(例如，框1116)。
在一些示例中，项目为位置，并且执行任务包括经由扬声器单元1402提供与该位置相关联的信息(例如，框1134)。
在一些示例中，提供音频输出包括执行对媒体内容的(例如，使用回放执行单元1430的)回放，并且执行任务包括调节对媒体内容的(例如，使用调节单元1436的)回放(例如，框1136)。
在一些示例中，调节对媒体内容的回放包括：调节电子设备1400的扬声器单元1402的音量(例如，框1138)。
在一些示例中，调节对媒体内容的回放包括：暂停对媒体内容的回放(例如，框1140)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1406被进一步配置为：响应于接收到自然语言语音输入，(例如，使用衰减单元1432)衰减音频输出。
在一些示例中，处理单元1406被进一步配置为：响应于接收到自然语言语音输入，停止(例如，利用提供单元1420)提供音频输出(例如，框1120)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1406被进一步配置为：响应于接收到自然语言语音输入，(例如，使用确定单元1434)确定音频输出的类型(例如，框1122)，响应于确定音频输出为第一类型，(例如，使用调节单元1436)调节音频输出(例如，框1124)；并且响应于确定音频输出为不同于第一类型的第二类型，停止(例如，利用提供单元1420)提供音频输出(例如，框1126)。
在一些示例中，音频输出为第一音频输出，并且处理单元1406被进一步配置为：在提供第一音频输出之前，(例如，利用提供单元1420)提供第二音频输出(例如，框1112)。
在一些示例中，电子设备1400为计算机。
在一些示例中，电子设备1400为电视。
在一些示例中，电子设备1400为机顶盒。
在一些示例中，电子设备1400为扬声器。
在一些示例中，电子设备1400为智能手表。
在一些示例中，电子设备1400为电话。
以上相对于图11A至图11B描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图14描绘的部件来实现。例如，提供操作1102、接收操作1104和获取操作1106任选地由处理器120来实现。本领域的技术人员会清楚地知道可如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图14中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些实施方案，图15示出了根据各种所述实施方案(包括参考图8A至图8D、图9A至图9G和图10A至图10G描述的那些)的原理进行配置的电子设备1500的功能框图。设备的功能块任选地由硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现，以便实现各种所述实施方案的原理。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图15中所述的功能块任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述实施方案的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限定。
如图15所示，电子设备1500包括扬声器单元1502、麦克风单元1504以及耦接至扬声器单元1502和麦克风单元1504的处理单元1506。在一些实施方案中，处理单元1506包括采样单元1520、提供单元1522、接收单元1524、获取单元1526、执行单元1528，以及任选的衰减单元1532、确定单元1534和调节单位1536。
在一些示例中，处理单元1506被配置为：经由电子设备1500的麦克风单元1504对音频输入(例如，使用采样单元1520)进行采样，其中音频输入包括口头触发(例如，框1202)；响应于对音频输入进行采样，经由电子设备1500的扬声器单元1502(例如，使用提供单元1522)提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出(例如，框1204)；在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时：(例如，使用提供单元1524)接收自然语言语音输入；并且基于该自然语言语音输入(例如，使用获取单元1524)获取用户意图的表示(例如，1206)；并且基于用户意图(例如，使用执行单元1528)执行任务(例如，1208)。
在一些示例中，基于用户意图执行任务包括：在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，基于用户意图执行任务(例如，框1220)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出时，基于所执行的任务经由扬声器单元1502输出一个或多个结果(例如，框1208)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在基于所执行的任务提供一个或多个结果之后，在经过预定义的时间段之后停止(例如，使用提供单元1522)提供指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出(例如，框1210)。
在一些示例中，音频输出指示自动化助理的活动状态。
在一些示例中，音频输出为连续的声音。
在一些示例中，音频输出包括白噪音。
在一些示例中，音频输出包括流水的声音。
在一些示例中，提供音频输出包括在一段时间内(例如，使用衰减单元1532)衰减音频输出(例如，框1210)。
在一些示例中，指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出为第一音频输出，并且处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在提供第一音频输出时，(例如，使用提供单元1522)提供指示正在对用户请求进行处理的第二音频输出(例如，框1212)。
在一些示例中，指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出为第一音频输出，并且处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在提供第一音频输出时，(例如，使用提供单元1522)提供指示已完成对用户请求的处理的第三音频输出(例如，框1214)。
在一些示例中，指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出为第一音频输出，并且处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在提供第一音频输出时，(例如，使用提供单元1522)提供指示确认口头触发的第四音频输出(例如，框1216)。
在一些示例中，指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出为第一音频输出，并且处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在提供指示自动化助理的状态的第一音频输出时，(例如，使用提供单元1522)提供指示错误的第五音频输出(例如，框1218)。
在一些示例中，音频输入为第一音频输入，并且处理单元1506被进一步配置为：(例如，使用确定单元1534)确定用户上下文(例如，框1222)；在执行任务之后，(例如，使用提供单元1524)接收第二音频输入，其中该第二音频输入不包括口头触发(例如，框1224)；基于第二音频输入和用户上下文(例如，使用获取单元1524)获取另一用户意图的表示(例如，框1226)；并且基于该另一用户意图(例如，使用执行单元1528)执行另一任务(例如，框1228)。
在一些示例中，用户上下文基于自然语言语音输入、用户意图、任务或其组合。
在一些示例中，处理单元1506被进一步配置为：在经由电子设备1500的麦克风单元1504对音频输入进行采样之后，(例如，使用确定单元1534)确定当前上下文(例如，框1212)；基于所确定的当前上下文(例如，使用调节单元1536)调节音频输出(例如，框1214)。
在一些示例中，当前上下文包括当前时间，并且调节音频输出包括调节音频输出的音量。
在一些示例中，指示自动化助理的状态的音频输出基于电子设备1500的类型。
在一些示例中，电子设备1500为计算机。
在一些示例中，电子设备1500为电视。
在一些示例中，电子设备1500为机顶盒。
在一些示例中，电子设备1500为扬声器。
在一些示例中，电子设备1500为智能手表。
在一些示例中，电子设备1500为电话。
以上相对于图12描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图15描绘的部件来实现。例如，采样操作1202、提供操作1204以及接收和获取操作1206任选地由处理器120来实现。本领域的技术人员会清楚地知道可如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图15中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些实施方案，图16示出了根据各种所述实施方案(包括参考图8A至图8D、图9A至图9G和图10A至图10G描述的那些)的原理进行配置的电子设备1600的功能框图。设备的功能块任选地由硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现，以便实现各种所述实施方案的原理。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图16中所述的功能块任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述实施方案的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限定。
如图16所示，电子设备1600包括扬声器单元1602和耦接至扬声器单元1602的处理单元1606。在一些实施方案中，处理单元1606包括接收单元1620、提供单元1622，以及任选的识别单元1624。
在一些示例中，处理单元1606被配置为：(例如，使用接收单元1620)接收指示内容的第一自然语言语音输入(例如，框1302)；经由扬声器单元1602(例如，使用提供单元1622)提供第一音频输出，其中该音频输出包括用于呈现内容的多种格式(例如，框1304)；(例如，使用接收单元1620)接收指示对多种格式中一种格式的选择的第二自然语言语音输入(例如，框1306)；并且经由扬声器单元1602(例如，使用提供单元1622)提供第二音频输出，该第二音频输出包括以多种格式中的所选格式对内容的呈现(例如，框1308)。
在一些示例中，第一音频输出还包括描述内容的信息。
在一些示例中，描述内容的信息包括指示内容大小的信息。
在一些示例中，第一音频输入基于上下文信息。
在一些示例中，上下文信息基于电子设备1600的类型。
在一些示例中，多种格式包括以下各项中的一者或多者：完整的内容、内容的概要、内容的一部分、内容的释义或其组合。
在一些示例中，第一音频输出还包括一个或多个示例性输入。
在一些示例中，处理单元1606被进一步配置为：(例如，使用接收单元1620)接收重复第二音频输出的用户请求(例如，框1316)；响应于接收该用户请求，(例如，使用提供单元1622)提供不同于第二音频输出的第三音频输出(例如，框1320)。
在一些示例中，提供第二音频输出包括以第一速率提供内容(例如，框1310)，并且提供第三音频输出包括以不同于第一速率的第二速率提供内容(例如，框1322)。
在一些示例中，提供第二音频输出包括以第一音量提供内容(例如，框1312)，并且提供第三音频输出包括以不同于第一音量的第二音量提供内容(例如，框1324)。
在一些示例中，提供第二音频输出包括以第一语言提供内容(例如，框1314)，并且提供第三音频输出包括以不同于第一语言的第二语言提供内容(例如，框1326)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1606被进一步配置为：(例如，使用识别单元1624)识别与第二音频输出相关联的域；并且第三音频输出基于所识别的域。
在一些示例中，电子设备1600为计算机。
在一些示例中，电子设备1600为电视。
在一些示例中，电子设备1600为机顶盒。
在一些示例中，电子设备1600为扬声器。
在一些示例中，电子设备1600为智能手表。
在一些示例中，电子设备1600为电话。
以上相对于图13A至图13B描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图16描绘的部件来实现。例如，接收操作1302和提供操作1304任选地由处理器120来实现。本领域的技术人员会清楚地知道可如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图13中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些具体实施，提供一种计算机可读存储介质(例如，非暂态计算机可读存储介质)，该计算机可读存储介质存储供电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所述方法或过程中的任一个的指令。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括用于执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个的装置。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括处理单元，该处理单元被配置为执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括一个或多个处理器和存储用以由一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所描述的方法和过程中的任一个的指令。
出于解释的目的，前面的描述是通过参考具体实施方案来描述的。然而，上面的例示性论述并非旨在是穷尽的或将本发明限制为所公开的精确形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式都是可能的。选择并描述这些实施方案是为了最好地解释这些技术的原理及其实际应用。本领域的其他技术人员由此能够最好地利用这些技术以及具有适合于所设想的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方案。
虽然参照附图对本公开以及示例进行了全面的描述，但应当注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。应当理解，此类变化和修改被认为被包括在由权利要求书所限定的本公开和示例的范围内。

Claims (33)

1.一种用于操作自动化助理的电子设备，所述电子设备包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；
扬声器；
麦克风；以及
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序被存储在所述存储器中并且被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于以下的指令：
经由所述电子设备的所述扬声器提供音频输出；
在经由所述电子设备的所述扬声器提供所述音频输出时，经由所述电子设备的所述麦克风接收自然语言语音输入；
响应于接收到所述自然语言语音输入，确定所述音频输出的类型；
响应于确定所述音频输出是第一类型，调节所述音频输出；
响应于确定所述音频输出是与所述第一类型不同的第二类型，停止提供所述音频输出；
基于所述自然语言语音输入和所述音频输出获取用户意图的表示；
基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；以及
执行所识别的任务。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，所述一个或多个程序还包括用于以下的指令：
基于所述音频输出的一部分识别与所述任务相关联的一个或多个参数；
其中执行所述任务包括基于所识别的一个或多个参数执行所述任务。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，所述一个或多个程序还包括用于以下的指令：响应于接收到所述自然语言语音输入，来识别所述音频输出的所述一部分。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，
其中提供所述音频输出包括提供指示项目列表的语音输出，并且
其中所述音频输出的所述一部分指示所述项目列表的项目。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，
其中所述项目为媒体项目，并且
其中执行所述任务包括经由所述扬声器执行对所述媒体项目的回放。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，
其中所述项目为位置，并且
其中执行所述任务包括经由所述扬声器提供与所述位置相关联的信息。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，
其中提供所述音频输出包括执行对媒体内容的回放，并且
其中执行所述任务包括调节对所述媒体内容的回放。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其中调节对所述媒体内容的回放包括：调节所述电子设备的所述扬声器的音量。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其中调节对所述媒体内容的回放包括：暂停对所述媒体内容的回放。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中调节所述音频输出包括衰减所述音频输出。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述音频输出是第一音频输出，所述一个或多个程序还包括用于以下的指令：
在提供所述第一音频输出之前，提供第二音频输出。
12.一种用于操作自动化助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有扬声器和麦克风的电子设备处，经由所述电子设备的所述扬声器提供音频输出；
在经由所述电子设备的所述扬声器提供所述音频输出时，经由所述电子设备的所述麦克风接收自然语言语音输入；
响应于接收到所述自然语言语音输入，确定所述音频输出的类型；
响应于确定所述音频输出是第一类型，调节所述音频输出；
响应于确定所述音频输出是与所述第一类型不同的第二类型，停止提供所述音频输出；
基于所述自然语言语音输入和所述音频输出获取用户意图的表示；
基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；以及
执行所识别的任务。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述音频输出的一部分识别与所述任务相关联的一个或多个参数；
其中执行所述任务包括基于所识别的一个或多个参数执行所述任务。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包括：响应于接收到所述自然语言语音输入，来识别所述音频输出的所述一部分。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，
其中提供所述音频输出包括提供指示项目列表的语音输出，并且
其中所述音频输出的所述一部分指示所述项目列表的项目。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，
其中所述项目为媒体项目，并且
其中执行所述任务包括经由所述扬声器执行对所述媒体项目的回放。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，
其中所述项目为位置，并且
其中执行所述任务包括经由所述扬声器提供与所述位置相关联的信息。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法，
其中提供所述音频输出包括执行对媒体内容的回放，并且
其中执行所述任务包括调节对所述媒体内容的回放。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中调节对所述媒体内容的回放包括：调节所述电子设备的所述扬声器的音量。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中调节对所述媒体内容的回放包括：暂停对所述媒体内容的回放。
21.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中调节所述音频输出包括衰减所述音频输出。
22.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述音频输出是第一音频输出，所述方法还包括：
在提供所述第一音频输出之前，提供第二音频输出。
23.一种存储一个或多个程序的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令在由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述设备：
经由所述电子设备的扬声器提供音频输出；
在经由所述电子设备的所述扬声器提供所述音频输出时，经由所述电子设备的麦克风接收自然语言语音输入；
响应于接收到所述自然语言语音输入，确定所述音频输出的类型；
响应于确定所述音频输出是第一类型，调节所述音频输出；
响应于确定所述音频输出是与所述第一类型不同的第二类型，停止提供所述音频输出；
基于所述自然语言语音输入和所述音频输出获取用户意图的表示；
基于所获取的用户意图识别任务；以及
执行所识别的任务。
24.根据权利要求23所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序还包括指令，所述指令在由所述电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述设备：
基于所述音频输出的一部分识别与所述任务相关联的一个或多个参数；
其中执行所述任务包括基于所识别的一个或多个参数执行所述任务。
25.根据权利要求24所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序还包括指令，所述指令在由所述电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述设备：
响应于接收到所述自然语言语音输入，来识别所述音频输出的所述一部分。
26.根据权利要求24所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，
其中提供所述音频输出包括提供指示项目列表的语音输出，并且
其中所述音频输出的所述一部分指示所述项目列表的项目。
27.根据权利要求26所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，
其中所述项目为媒体项目，并且
其中执行所述任务包括经由所述扬声器执行对所述媒体项目的回放。
28.根据权利要求26所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，
其中所述项目为位置，并且
其中执行所述任务包括经由所述扬声器提供与所述位置相关联的信息。
29.根据权利要求23所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，
其中提供所述音频输出包括执行对媒体内容的回放，并且
其中执行所述任务包括调节对所述媒体内容的回放。
30.根据权利要求29所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其中调节对所述媒体内容的回放包括：调节所述电子设备的所述扬声器的音量。
31.根据权利要求29所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其中调节对所述媒体内容的回放包括：暂停对所述媒体内容的回放。
32.根据权利要求23所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其中调节所述音频输出包括衰减所述音频输出。
33.根据权利要求23所述的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，其中所述音频输出是第一音频输出，所述一个或多个程序还包括指令，所述指令在由所述电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述设备：
在提供所述第一音频输出之前，提供第二音频输出。
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