CN107847869B - 用于过滤系统的通气装置 - Google Patents

用于过滤系统的通气装置 Download PDF

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CN107847869B
CN107847869B CN201680041232.9A CN201680041232A CN107847869B CN 107847869 B CN107847869 B CN 107847869B CN 201680041232 A CN201680041232 A CN 201680041232A CN 107847869 B CN107847869 B CN 107847869B
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CN107847869A (zh
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T·斯维亚特克
曹治毅
B·G·比尔托夫特
丽莎·凯思琳·莱基
H·A·拉扎德斯
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Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Singapore Pte Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
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Abstract

一种通气装置，该通气装置被配置为安装到其中安装有膜的膜过滤模块。通气装置包括构造成至少部分地环绕膜过滤模块的套筒。套筒具有适于与膜过滤模块接合的一端和适于与滤液收集导管或歧管接合的另一端。

Description

用于过滤系统的通气装置
技术领域
本文公开的方面和实施方式涉及膜过滤系统，并且更具体地涉及采用位于加压壳体或者向大气开放的罐或者室(cell)中的多孔膜或者可渗透膜的那些系统以及与这样的膜过滤系统一起使用的通气装置(aeration device)。
背景
在整个说明书中对现有技术的任何讨论决不应当被认为是承认这样的现有技术是广泛已知的或者构成本领域中公知常识的一部分。
膜过滤系统通常可以以单端或双端方式操作。也就是说，可以从膜的一端或两端抽出滤液，特别是当膜为管子或纤维形式时。双端系统通常更有效率，因为由于沿着膜长度的压降降低，在设定的时间段内可以从膜中抽出更多的渗透物。
类似地，膜过滤系统的效率通常取决于暴露于待过滤的液体的膜的表面积。在使用成束的膜管或纤维的过滤系统的情况下，系统的表面积可以通过包括增加管子或纤维的填充密度的许多方法增加和/或通过增加管子或纤维的在其末端支撑件之间延伸的长度增加。
膜过滤过程的成功在很大程度上取决于采用有效和高效的膜清洗方法。多孔膜过滤系统需要对膜进行定期回洗(backwash)以保持过滤效率和通量，同时降低跨膜压力(TMP)，随着膜孔变得被杂质堵塞，该跨膜压力(TMP)升高。通常，在回洗循环期间，通过加压气体、气泡、液体或其混合物中的一种或更多种将杂质逐出膜孔和/或从膜表面冲刷到供给罐或室中。含有来自膜的杂质和沉积物的液体然后从罐中排放或冲洗掉。
就过滤设备最终占用的空间而言，最小化过滤系统的占地面积是合乎需要的。紧凑的系统成本更低，废物量更少，对环境的影响更小，更为市场所接受。
概述
本文公开的方面和实施方案试图克服现有技术的上述问题中的一个或更多个，提供以上概括的优点中的一个或更多个或至少提供有用的替代方案。
根据一个实施方案，提供了一种通气装置，该通气装置被配置成安装到其中安装有膜的膜过滤模块。通气装置包括套筒，该套筒构造成至少部分地环绕膜过滤模块，套筒具有适于与膜过滤模块接合的一端和适于与滤液收集导管或歧管接合的另一端。套筒包括外壁和与其隔开的内壁。内壁和外壁从连接部分向下同轴地延伸。外壁和内壁界定其间的腔室，该腔室在内壁的远端处具有敞开的下端，并且在套筒的内壁和外壁连接的连接部分处具有封闭的上端。气体入口被配置为将来自气体源的气体与腔室连通。一个或更多个通气开口被界定在套筒的内壁中，并被配置成提供腔室与膜过滤模块的膜之间的流体连通。一个或更多个排放开口被界定在套筒的外壁中，并被配置为提供膜过滤模块的膜与套筒的外部之间的流体连通。
在一些实施方案中，通气装置通过设置在相应滤液收集导管或歧管上和套筒的外壁的一端上的互补螺纹之间的螺纹接合而与滤液收集导管或歧管接合。
在一些实施方案中，内壁沿着套筒的外壁的长度部分地向下延伸。
在一些实施方案中，内壁的第一组部分(first set of portions)沿着套筒的外壁的长度向下延伸的程度大于内壁的第二组部分沿着套筒的外壁的长度向下延伸的程度。
在一些实施方案中，内壁的第一组部分沿着外壁的长度向下延伸并终止于一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度(upper extent)的下方。
在一些实施方案中，内壁的第二组部分沿着外壁的长度向下延伸并终止于一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度的上方。
在一些实施方案中，在套筒的内壁中设置有复数个通气开口，通气开口围绕套筒的内壁的周界周向地彼此隔开。
在一些实施方案中，复数个通气开口中的第一组具有布置在一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度下方的下端。
在一些实施方案中，复数个通气开口中的第二组具有布置在一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度上方的下端。
在一些实施方案中，复数个通气开口形成为竖直延伸的槽。
在一些实施方案中，槽在其下端处是敞开的并且朝向槽的上封闭端向内锥化。
在一些实施方案中，锥化是阶梯式的，其中沿着槽的下部的一部分具有初始锥形，然后是具有减小宽度的向内的台阶以及从台阶到槽的上端的进一步的锥形。
在一些实施方案中，气体入口设置在套筒的连接部分处。
在一些实施方案中，一个或更多个排放开口包括界定在套筒的外壁中的复数个周向地隔开的排放开口。
根据另一个实施方案，提供了一种膜过滤系统，其具有安装在支架(rack)中的复数个竖直延伸的膜过滤模块，每个膜过滤模块包括与上部滤液收集歧管和下部滤液收集歧管流体连通的膜，其中每个膜模块设置有如上所述的通气装置，并且通气装置与下部滤液收集歧管接合。
附图简述
现在将参考附图仅以举例的方式描述各方面和实施方案。附图并不意图是按比例绘制。在附图中，在各个图中图示的每个相同的或近似相同的部件由相似的标号表示。为了清楚起见，在每个图中不是每个部件都被标记。在附图中：
图1是根据一个实施方案的通气装置的俯视透视图；
图2是图1的通气装置的剖面侧视图；
图3是当装配到膜过滤模块时的图1的通气装置的侧视图；
图4示出了根据一个实施方案的膜过滤模块支架的俯视透视图；
图5示出了根据一个实施方案的滤液歧管的一部分的前视图；
图6示出根据一个实施方案的连接到滤液歧管的两个膜过滤模块的下部的前视图；
图7示出了根据一个实施方案的连接到滤液歧管的一个膜过滤模块的下部的剖面侧视图；
图8是图1的通气装置安装到膜过滤模块时的剖面侧视图，示出了装置的充气操作模式；
图9是图1的通气装置安装到膜过滤模块时的剖面侧视图，示出了装置的通气操作模式；和
图10是当装配到膜过滤模块时的图1的通气装置的剖面侧视图，示出了装置的排放操作模式。
详细描述
本文公开的方面和实施方案不限于在下文的描述中陈述的或在附图中图示的结构的细节和部件的布置。本文公开的方面和实施方案能够具有其它实施方案并且能够以各种方式实践或实施。另外，本文所用措辞和术语是为了描述目的而不应视为是限制性的。本文使用的“包括(including)”、“包括(comprising)”、“具有”、“包含(containing)”、“涉及”及其变型意在包含随后列出的项及其等价物以及其它项。
在采用气泡冲刷膜的过滤系统中，已经发现有利的是将气泡尽可能地限制在膜的区域中以协助冲刷过程。
参照附图，图1示出了根据一个方面的通气装置5的一个实施方案。在该实施方案中，通气装置5是大致圆柱形的套筒6的形式，然而，应理解的是，套筒的形状严格上并不是关键的，并且可以使用具有任何合适的横截面构造的套筒。例如，可以使用具有椭圆形、正方形、矩形、六边形或任何多边横截面的套筒，只要套筒的一个功能是将通气气泡保持在膜过滤模块7内。此外，不必要的是套筒是实心的或完全环绕膜过滤模块7的周边。
套筒6在上端9处具有阶梯式缩径部分8，并且在其下端11处具有形式为内螺纹部分10的附接装置。内螺纹部分10形成在套筒6的下端11的内侧12上。附接的形式再次严格上并不是关键的，并且可以使用任何合适的附接形式，例如弹性挡圈装置或卡口式配件。
如图2最佳所示，套筒6在阶梯式缩径部分8下方具有与套筒的外壁14径向隔开并与外壁14同轴延伸的内壁13。内壁13至少部分地沿着套筒6的外壁14的下部15的轴向长度延伸。内壁13和外壁14界定了在其之间的腔室16，腔室16具有在内壁13的远端18处的敞开的下端17以及封闭的上端19，套筒6的内壁13和外壁14在上端19处连接。腔室16可以是在外壁14内部并且同轴地环绕内壁13的环形腔室。
气体连接入口20以轴向延伸的中空肋21的形式沿着阶梯式缩径部分8的外侧20'设置。肋21的中空部分界定了气体连通通道22，气体连通通道22在其敞开的下端23处与在套筒6的内壁13和外壁14之间形成的腔室16的上端24流体连通。气体连通通道22的敞开的上端25适于连接到加压气体的来源，例如空气的来源，尽管可以使用任何合适的气体。在一些情况下，诸如氯气的清洁气体可以被用作加压气体或包括在加压气体中。
尽管在该实施方案中示出的气体连接入口20是一个优选的构造，但是应该理解，可以使用任何合适的入口布置来将气体输送到腔室16。例如，连接到腔室16中的开口的简单管子可以设置有连接器，该连接器将来自气体源的气体与腔室密封地连通。可以使用各种气体连接器，例如螺纹管、夹紧管(clipped tubing)或柔性推进管。
套筒6的内壁13设置有一个或多个通气开口26，通气开口26界定在套筒6的内壁13中，用于将来自腔室16的气体与内壁13的内侧27连通。通气开口26构造成提供腔室16和膜过滤模块7的膜34之间的流体连通。开口26位于腔室16的上端19的下方。在该实施方案中，多个开口26围绕内壁13的周界周向地隔开。应该理解的是，可以使用任何形式的合适开口来提供腔室16与内壁13的内侧27之间的气体的流体连通。
在一些实施方案中，内壁13中的开口26由末端开口的向上延伸的槽形成。槽26从其下开口端28到其封闭的上端29在宽度上锥化。在一些实施方案中，锥化是阶梯式的，其中沿着槽的下部的一部分具有初始锥形，然后是具有减小宽度的向内的台阶(未示出)以及从该台阶到槽29的上端的进一步的锥形。应该理解，可以使用其他形式的开口，例如，一组竖直隔开的槽或孔。槽或孔的尺寸可以被配置为沿着该组槽或孔的竖直范围减小以实现与单个槽的锥化相类似的功能。
套筒6的外壁14设置有一个或更多个排放开口31。一个或更多个排放开口界定在套筒6的外壁14中，并被构造成提供膜过滤模块7的膜34与套筒6的外部之间的流体连通。在一些实施方案中，一个或更多个排放开口31位于在内壁13中形成的槽26的下端的下方。此外，在一些实施方案中，排放开口31包括外壁14中的多个周向隔开的开口。排放开口的尺寸和形状严格上并不是关键的，尽管优选的是它们被构造成提供液体穿过其的有效排出。在一些实施方案中，排放开口31分别位于距套筒6的底部相同的距离处并且在尺寸和形状上相同。在其它实施方案中，排放开口31中的一个或多个排放开口在尺寸、形状和/或距套筒6的底部的距离中的一个或多个方面与排放开口31中的一个或多个其他排放开口相比可以不同。
如图2最佳所示，在该实施方案中，内壁13具有阶梯式向下的限度。内壁13的部分30'比内壁13的部分30沿着外壁14的长度进一步向下延伸。内壁13的部分30'延伸到外壁14中的排放开口31的上部的下方并终止在排放开口31中的一个或多个或每一个的上部限度的下方。具有向上延伸的槽26的内壁13的部分30仅向下延伸到外壁14中的排放开口31的上方并终止于排放开口31中的一个或多个或每个的上部限度的上方。界定在内壁13的部分30之间的向上延伸的槽26具有位于排放开口31的上部限度上方的下端28。邻近内壁13的部分30'界定的向上延伸的槽26具有位于排放开口31的上部限度下方的下端28。
图3示出了安装到膜过滤模块7的下端的通气装置5。套筒6的下部11延伸超过膜过滤模块7的下部封装头32并且沿着模块7的外部限度向上延伸。在该实施方案中，套筒6的上端9与流体保持套筒43接合，流体保持套筒43至少部分地沿着模块7的长度延伸，以将包括气泡和液体的流体保持在膜34周围。应该理解的是，使用流体保持套筒43对于装置的操作来说严格上不是关键的，并且在一些实施方式中仅仅是优选的。在一些实施方案中，可以提供穿孔筛网结构45，其环绕膜34并且可以配合在膜34和流体保持套筒43之间。除了流体保持套筒43之外或作为流体保持套筒43的替代方案，可以设置穿孔筛网结构45。当使用时，该筛网结构45可用于多种目的，包括在处理子模块和支撑隔开的上部封装头和下部封装头32期间防止对膜34的损坏。套筒6的下部处的内螺纹部分10与下部滤液收集导管或歧管33的互补螺纹部分44接合。套筒6中的通气开口26和排放开口31都与安装在膜过滤模块7中的膜34流体连通。通气开口26提供膜34与腔室16之间的流体连通。排放开口31提供膜34与过滤模块外部的区域(例如罐、容器或膜过滤模块7可安装在其中的其它结构)之间的流体连通。
参考图4至图7，示出了膜过滤模块7竖直安装在支架模块阵列35中的一个实施方案。
图4示出了支架安装式膜过滤模块阵列35的一个实施方案。模块7布置成包括成对的模块的组，该成对的模块在沿着支架长度延伸的对应的一对下部滤液收集歧管33A和33B和上三叶草状顶部件(upper clover headpiece)36之间竖直地延伸，上三叶草状顶部件36接收两对膜过滤模块7的上端37。每个三叶草状顶部件36的上端38与上部滤液收集歧管39密封地流体连通，该上部滤液收集歧管39大致平行于下部滤液收集歧管33A、33B沿着支架阵列35的长度延伸。图4示出了形成支架模块阵列35的三行模块组，但是应理解的是，模块的布置和组中的数量以及模块的行数不是关键的并且可以被配置为满足任何特定安装的要求。
膜模块7可以包括在隔开的上部和下部封装头32之间延伸的多个膜34。此外，膜34可以包括可渗透的中空纤维膜。可渗透的中空纤维膜可以布置成在封装头32之间延伸的束。膜34可以在一端或两端是敞开的，以允许从其去除滤液。膜过滤模块7典型地在使用中位于通向大气的罐或容器46中，并且通过对膜34的内腔施加真空或负压来抽出滤液。
下部滤液收集歧管33A、33B中的每个的至少一个被流体地联接到具有向上延伸的滤液传输导管41的双肘T形件40，双肘T形件40流体地联接到对应的上部滤液收集歧管39以在下部滤液收集歧管33A、33B与上部滤液收集歧管39之间流体地连通滤液。应理解，根据系统要求，双肘T形件40可以设置在下部滤液收集歧管33A、33B的一端或两端处。类似地，滤液可从上部滤液收集歧管和下部滤液收集歧管中的任一个或两个中移除，尽管其通常从上部滤液收集歧管39移除。
图5示出了下部滤液歧管33A与每个膜过滤模块7的基部之间的下部连接的详细视图。下部滤液歧管33A设置有向上延伸的管状开口42，管状开口42具有用于与膜过滤模块7的通气装置套筒6的内螺纹部分10接合的外螺纹部分44。应理解的是，连接的这个实施方案严格上不是关键的，并且可以使用任何合适形式的流体连接。例如，可以使用具有诸如O形环等等的密封构件的夹子型或推入配合接合布置。此外，套筒6可以不使用管状开口而直接安装到歧管的侧部中，或者具有围绕滤液收集歧管中的开口夹持到滤液收集歧管的外壁的配件。在一个实施方案中，鞍形配件(未示出)邻近管状滤液歧管中的开口跨在管状滤液歧管上。鞍形配件具有向上延伸的管状导管，该管状导管具有适于与套筒6的内螺纹部分10接合的外螺纹部分。配件的鞍座可以通过夹紧、粘合剂或任何其他合适的方式固定到下部滤液歧管。
图6和图7示出了膜模块7的基部和通气装置套筒6的侧视图。在该实施方案中，通气装置套筒6的下部的内螺纹部分10与下部滤液歧管33A的管状开口42的外螺纹部分44接合。如图7最佳所示，当通气装置套筒6与下部滤液歧管33A完全接合时，支撑在下部封装头32中的膜34与下部滤液歧管33A流体连通。下部封装头32与下部滤液歧管33A密封接合，以提供流出支撑在下部封装头32中的膜34的开放端的滤液的流体连通。在该实施方案中，密封接合由位于封装头32的外表面53和管状开口42的内表面54之间的一组密封构件52(例如，O形环或类似物)提供。应理解的是，密封接合的类型严格上不是关键的，并且可以在封装头32和下部滤液歧管33A之间使用任何合适的流体密封形式来使从膜收集的滤液能够传输到下部滤液歧管33A，而不被待过滤的液体47污染。
现在将参照附图的图8至图10来描述通气装置的一个实施方案的操作。
图8示出了安装到膜过滤模块7的通气装置5，该通气装置5通常竖直地悬挂在容纳待过滤的液体47的容器或罐46中。最初，通气装置5以充气模式操作，其中气体最初在腔室16的上部充气区域48中积聚。气体例如通过连接到气体连接入口20的管件或管子从加压气体源(未示出)供给到腔室16中，并在通气开口26的上端的上方积聚在腔室16的充气区域48中。
当腔室16内的气体量增加时，通气装置5进入通气模式，如图9最佳所示，腔室16中的气体作为气泡51穿过通气开口，在本实施方案中，通气开口为槽26，并进入膜过滤模块7中以使膜34通气并清洁膜34的表面。通气槽26的逐渐缩减的宽度用于自调节沿着每个槽26的长度的气泡流动，以提供气泡51大致均匀地流入膜34中。
如图10最佳所示，一旦通气过程完成，停止或暂停到腔室16的气体流动，并且在通气过程期间驱逐的含有污物和杂质的废液49从膜过滤模块7位于其中的容器或罐46被除去、排放或泵送。当废液从容器或罐46中除去时，留在膜过滤模块7中的液体穿过套筒6的内壁13的远端18与套筒的基部之间的间隙50排出且然后穿过套筒6的外壁14中的排放开口31排出。液体也可以从膜过滤模块7穿过内壁13中的通气开口26排出且然后穿过套筒6的外壁14中的排放开口31排出。
为了提供启动和暂停气体流到通气装置以及填充/排放容器或罐，在不同的实施方案中，控制器(未示出)可以监测来自膜过滤系统内的各种传感器的参数。控制器可以以多种形式中的任何一种来体现。监测计算机或控制器可以接收来自供给罐、通气装置或供给供应管道、渗透管道或与过滤系统相关联的其他管道中的传感器的反馈，这些传感器例如为压力传感器、跨膜压力传感器(trans-membrane pressure sensor)、温度传感器、pH传感器、化学浓度传感器或液位传感器。在一些实施方案中，监测计算机或控制器可以为操作员产生输出，并且在其他实施方案中，基于来自这些传感器的反馈自动调节过滤系统的处理参数。例如，可以通过控制器来调节到一个或更多个膜过滤模块7和/或一个或更多个通气装置5的气体流速。
在一个示例中，使用一个或多个计算机系统(未示出)来实现用于本文公开的系统的实施方案的计算机化的控制器。计算机系统可以是例如通用计算机，比如基于Intel
Figure GDA0003071924060000101
或CoreTM处理器、Motorola
Figure GDA0003071924060000103
处理器、Sun
Figure GDA0003071924060000102
处理器、Hewlett-Packard PA-
Figure GDA0003071924060000104
处理器或任何其他类型的处理器或其组合的那些通用计算机。可选择地，计算机系统可以包括专门编程的、特殊用途的硬件，例如，具体意图用于废水处理设备的专用集成电路(ASIC)或控制器。
计算机系统可以包括通常连接至一个或更多个存储装置的一个或更多个处理器，该一个或更多个存储装置可以包括例如磁盘驱动存储器、闪速存储装置、RAM存储装置或用于储存数据的其他装置中的任一种或多种。存储器通常用于储存在控制器和/或计算机系统的操作期间的程序和数据。例如，存储器可以用于存储历史数据以及当前传感器测量数据，该历史数据与从各种传感器中的任何一种在一段时间内测量的参数有关。包括实施本文公开的实施方案的编程代码的软件可以被储存在计算机可读的和/或可写的诸如硬盘驱动器或闪存的非易失性记录介质上，并且然后被拷贝至存储器中，在存储器中该软件然后可以通过处理器来执行。这样的编程代码可以用多种编程语言中的任何一种编写，例如，Java、Visual Basic、C、C#或C++、Fortran、Pascal、Eiffel、Basic、COBAL或其各种组合中的任何组合。
已经如此描述了至少一个实施方案的若干方面，应该理解的是，本领域技术人员将容易想到各种改变、修改和改进。这样的改变、修改和改进旨在成为本公开的一部分，并且旨在落入由所附权利要求界定的精神和范围内。因此，前述描述和附图仅仅是举例。

Claims (18)

1.一种通气装置，其被配置为安装到其中安装有膜的膜过滤模块，所述通气装置包括：
套筒，所述套筒构造成至少部分地环绕所述膜过滤模块，所述套筒具有适于与所述膜过滤模块接合的一端和适于与滤液收集导管或歧管接合的另一端，所述套筒包括：
外壁和与所述外壁隔开的内壁，所述内壁和所述外壁从连接部分向下同轴地延伸，其中所述内壁沿着所述套筒的所述外壁的长度至少部分地向下延伸，所述外壁和所述内壁界定了其间的腔室，所述腔室在所述内壁的远端处具有敞开的下端且在所述套筒的所述内壁和所述外壁连接的所述连接部分处具有封闭的上端；
气体入口，其被配置为将来自气体源的气体与所述腔室连通，其中所述气体入口设置在所述套筒的所述连接部分处；
一个或更多个通气开口，所述通气开口被界定在所述套筒的所述内壁中并被配置成提供所述腔室与所述膜过滤模块的所述膜之间的流体连通；和
一个或更多个排放开口，所述一个或更多个排放开口被界定在所述套筒的所述外壁中，并被配置成提供所述膜过滤模块的所述膜与所述套筒的外部之间的流体连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通气装置，其中所述通气装置通过设置在相应的滤液收集导管或歧管上和所述套筒的所述外壁的一端上的互补螺纹之间的螺纹接合而与所述滤液收集导管或歧管接合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的通气装置，其中，所述内壁的第一组部分沿着所述套筒的所述外壁的长度向下延伸的程度大于所述内壁的第二组部分沿着所述套筒的所述外壁的长度向下延伸的程度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的通气装置，其中，所述内壁的所述第一组部分沿着所述外壁的长度向下延伸并终止于所述一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度的下方。
5.根据权利要求4所述的通气装置，其中，所述内壁的所述第二组部分沿着所述外壁的长度向下延伸并终止于所述一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度的上方。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的通气装置，其中，在所述套筒的所述内壁中设置有复数个通气开口，所述复数个通气开口围绕所述套筒的所述内壁的周界周向地彼此隔开。
7.根据权利要求6所述的通气装置，其中，所述复数个通气开口中的第一组通气开口具有下端，所述第一组通气开口的所述下端布置在所述一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度的下方。
8.根据权利要求7所述的通气装置，其中，所述复数个通气开口中的第二组通气开口具有下端，所述第二组通气开口的所述下端布置在所述一个或更多个排放开口的上部限度的上方。
9.根据权利要求7至8中任一项所述的通气装置，其中，所述复数个通气开口形成为竖直延伸的槽。
10.根据权利要求6所述的通气装置，其中，所述复数个通气开口形成为竖直延伸的槽。
11.根据权利要求9所述的通气装置，其中，所述槽在其下端处是敞开的并且朝向所述槽的上封闭端向内锥化。
12.根据权利要求10所述的通气装置，其中，所述槽在其下端处是敞开的并且朝向所述槽的上封闭端向内锥化。
13.根据权利要求11所述的通气装置，其中，锥化是阶梯式的，具有沿着所述槽的下部的一部分的初始锥形，然后具有减小宽度的向内的台阶以及从所述台阶到所述槽的上端的进一步的锥形。
14.根据权利要求12所述的通气装置，其中，锥化是阶梯式的，具有沿着所述槽的下部的一部分的初始锥形，然后具有减小宽度的向内的台阶以及从所述台阶到所述槽的上端的进一步的锥形。
15.根据权利要求1-5、7-8和10-14中任一项所述的通气装置，其中，所述一个或更多个排放开口包括界定在所述套筒的所述外壁中的复数个周向地隔开的排放开口。
16.根据权利要求6所述的通气装置，其中，所述一个或更多个排放开口包括界定在所述套筒的所述外壁中的复数个周向地隔开的排放开口。
17.根据权利要求9所述的通气装置，其中，所述一个或更多个排放开口包括界定在所述套筒的所述外壁中的复数个周向地隔开的排放开口。
18.一种膜过滤系统，包括安装在支架中的复数个竖直延伸的膜过滤模块，每个膜过滤模块包括与上部滤液收集歧管和下部滤液收集歧管流体连通的膜，其中每个膜过滤模块设置有根据权利要求1至17中的任一项所述的通气装置，并且其中所述通气装置与所述下部滤液收集歧管接合。
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