JP2007535398A - 有機物質を消化するためのメンブレンバイオリアクタおよび処理槽を含む濾過装置ならびに廃液処理方法 - Google Patents
有機物質を消化するためのメンブレンバイオリアクタおよび処理槽を含む濾過装置ならびに廃液処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
嫌気性環境下で働くようにしてなる生物学的汚泥処理槽であって、プロセス液が消化され、また消化されたプロセス液の少なくとも一部が前記メンブレンバイオリアクタに返送され、さらに前記メンブレンバイオリアクタ内の前記基質の少なくとも一部が送られるようにしてなる生物学的汚泥処理槽とを備えている。
望ましい実施形態の水処理システムのコンポーネントの1つが、メンブレンバイオリアクタである。メンブレンバイオリアクタシステムは、バクテリアを必要とする生物学的処理と膜分離を併用して、廃水の処理を行う。処理された水は、膜濾過プロセスによって、活性汚泥と呼ばれる浄化バクテリアから分離される。メンブレンバイオリアクタでは、一般に、分散型流通リアクタに組み込まれた水中中空糸膜モジュールが用いられる(以下において、糸を繊維ともいう。)。
望ましい水処理システムのコンポーネントのもう1つは、オフライン処理槽である。望ましい実施形態の場合、水処理システムには、内部再循環構成をなすようにメンブレンバイオリアクタと併用されるオフライン処理槽が含まれており、メンブレンバイオリアクタの上部からの透過水は、処理済み廃水として送り出され、一方、メンブレンバイオリアクタの底部に沈降するバイオマス(汚泥)の一部が、オフライン処理槽に戻されて、その結果、消化プロセスの効率が大幅に向上する。オプションにより、メンブレンバイオリアクタからの汚泥を1つ以上のスクリーンおよび/または1つ以上の液体サイクロンに通して、オフライン処理槽に戻る前に、不活性含有物が除去される。
G=(P/μV)1/2
ここで、Pはft−lb/秒で表わされる曝気のパワー要件または混合馬力であり、μはlb−秒/ft2で表わされる動粘性率であり、Vはft3で現れるタンク容積である。Pは下記によって示される。
P=paValn(pc/pa)
ここで、paはlb/ft2で表わされる大気圧であり、Vaは、ft3/秒で表わされる大気圧で導入される空気の容積であり、Pcは、液体内への空気放出点における、lb/ft2で表わされる圧力である。あるいはまた、Pは下記によって示される。
P=35.28Qaln((h+33.9)/33/9)
ここで、Qaは、ft3/分で表わされる大気圧で液体に流入する空気の流量であり、hはフィートで表わされる水の排出点における気圧である。
オフライン処理槽に導入する前に、メンブレンバイオリアクタからの汚泥から不活性固形物質を除去すると、廃棄物消化の効率が大幅に向上することが分っている。いかなる特定の理論にも縛られたくはないが、効率の向上は、生物濃縮効果(不活性固形物を除去すると、微生物レベルのより高い汚泥が再導入されるので)と、生物毒性の低減(例えば、これに応じて、重金属が除去されやすくなる)の両方に起因する。不活性固形物の除去は、再循環バイパスを用いるほとんどいかなる生物学的プロセスにおいても有効であり、本発明のこの態様は、従って、多種多様な廃棄物処理用途(例えば、個別にまたは連続して用いられる従来の単一ゾーンタンク、あるいは、上述のマルチゾーン構成)において有用である。
Q×Xf=Qw×Xb (1)
Qは、メンブレンバイオリアクタ全体の容積(V)をバイオリアクタ全体のHRTで割った値に等しい。Qwは、メンブレンバイオリアクタ全体の容積(V)をバイオリアクタ全体のSRTで割った値に等しい。従って、
(V/HRT)×Xf=(V/SRT)×Xb (2)
バイオリアクタ内における毛、ゴミ、または、繊維状物質の濃度(Xb)は、
Xb=(SRT/HRT)×Xf (3)
Q×Xf=Qw×Xb+yQ×Xb (4)
従って、
Xb=(SRT/(ySRT+HRT))×Xf (5)
濾過済み混合液は、サージタンクに貯蔵され、貯蔵されたプロセス液の一部は、液体サイクロンに送られて、不活性物質が除去される。いくつかの実施形態では、最初に、サージタンクに貯蔵せずに、濾過済み混合液を液体サイクロンに直接送るのが望ましい場合もあるが、一般には、1つ以上のサージタンクを用いるのが望ましい。タンクは、当該技術者には明らかなように、任意の適合する構造とし、任意の適合する材料から製造することが可能である。
MBR→スクリーン→オフライン処理槽、
MBR→液体サイクロン→オフライン処理槽、
MBR→スクリーン→液体サイクロン→オフライン処理槽、
MBR→液体サイクロン→スクリーン→オフライン処理槽、
MBR→スクリーン→液体サイクロン→補助スクリーン→オフライン処理槽、
MBR→スクリーン→補助スクリーン→液体サイクロン→オフライン処理槽、
MBR→液体サイクロン→スクリーン→補助スクリーン→オフライン処理槽、または、
MBR→液体サイクロン→補助スクリーン→スクリーン→オフライン処理槽。
望ましい実施形態において、上述のシステムは、流入水の処理量が指定され、5日間の生物学的酸素要求量が指定され、総混濁固体量(TSS)が指定された、活性汚泥処理および好気性消化を利用する、廃水処理プラントに設置される。内部再循環ループに沿った戻り活性汚泥(RAS)流は、ガロン/分(gpm)で表わされる流入水流量に対する指定の比率に保たれる。
望ましい実施形態の装置および方法は、メンブレンバイオリアクタ、とりわけ、硝化/脱窒メンブレンバイオリアクタと併用するのが望ましい。図15には、50,000gpdシステムのためのこの特定のリアクタ構成が示されている。この構成によれば、プロセスから洗浄機構を分離し、膜処理を排除し、必要なポンプ数を減少させ、完全自動化することが可能な、迅速な保守洗浄方法が可能になる。リアクタには、透過水ポンプおよび混合液ポンプを含む精密濾過セクションが含まれている。リアクタには、さらに、粉砕移送ポンプを備えた均等化ゾーン、ブロワを備えた好気性ゾーン、および、2〜3mm回転スクリーンを備えた無酸素ゾーンが含まれている。好気性ゾーンでは、アンモニアが、硝化と呼ばれる2段反応によって硝酸に変換される。無酸素または嫌気性(低または無酸素)ゾーンでは、脱窒と呼ばれるプロセスである、硝酸から窒素ガスへの変換が生じる。
望ましい実施形態の場合、メンブレンフィルタを備えた廃水処理システムに処理される水を流すステップと、廃水処理システムにおいて水を処理して、混合液と、メンブレンフィルタによる処理済み廃水を生じさせるステップと、廃水処理システムから混合液の一部を除去して、混合液をスクリーンに通し、混合液から毛、ゴミ、または、繊維状物質を除去して、スクリーンを透過する混合液の平均流量が、廃水処理システムの平均設計流量の約1.0以下になるようにするステップと、スクリーニング済み混合液を廃水処理システムに再循環させるステップが含まれている、廃水処理システムにおける毛、ゴミ、または、繊維状物質の濃度を低下させるプロセスが得られる。
メンブレンバイオリアクタ(MBR)は、廃水処理市場でますます普及の度を高めつつある。従来、MBRは、図21に例示のように、生物学的タンクに膜を浸けることによって、単純でコンパクトになるとみなされている。クボタ、三菱レーヨン、および、Zenonのような市場関係者は、その構成をなす製品を市販している。
バイパス汚泥低減プロセスを組み合わせると、スクリーニングおよびサイクロンの分離によって、生物学的プロセスが促進される。しかし、MBRの膜は、最終的には、膜表面および繊維の孔に不活性物質および有機固形物の形態で固形物が蓄積することによって汚れる。この汚れのより重大な原因の1つが、EPSである(細胞外高分子物質)。これらは、ある系統のバクテリアおよび微生物によって生じ、膜表面を覆って、その透過性を低下させることになる。EPSを減少させる手段の1つは、長い汚泥日齢(SRT)によるものである。汚泥日齢が長くなると、膜の汚損が大幅に軽減され、その結果、保守コストが低下し、膜の寿命を改善することが可能になる。これらのテクノロジを組み合わせる利点は、プロセスにおける微生物のSRTが長くなり、膜の汚損が軽減される結果として、システムの総合性能が向上する。
固形物減少プロセス/MBR構成に関するプロセス流れ図を示す流れ系統図が、図26として提示されている。スクリーニング済み物質/サイクロン残留固形物は、この流れ系統図には描かれておらず、主液体流だけが描かれている。バイパスリアクタへの流れは、プラント流れのわずかな部分である。流れは、従来の活性汚泥プロセスからのWASと同様である。この液流は、膜処理システム(MOS)再循環流、または、MOSより前の曝気槽廃液から生じる可能性がある。MOS再循環は、一般に、MOSの脱水効果により、固形物含有量が曝気槽のMLSSよりわずかに高くなるので、望ましい。しかし、場合によっては、「MOSより前の」活性汚泥廃液流は、溶解酸素含有量が少なく、バイパスリアクタにおける所望の無酸素条件により適合する可能性があるので、この廃液を供給するのが望ましい可能性もある。
望ましい実施形態の場合、メンブレンバイオリアクタは、優れた処理済み水質および80%を超える全固形物分解を含む、さまざまな利点をもたらす先進処理プロセスを提供するため、固形物減量システムと統合される。図27には、こうしたシステムが描かれている。図28に描かれたプロセスによれば、設置面積が極めて小さい高速システムが得られ、汚泥の産出および取扱いが最小限に抑えられる。この統合プロセスによって、保守を減らし、オペレータの安全を促進し、総合性能を最適化するための、メンブレンバイオリアクタの浸漬膜システムにとって可能性のある最良の動作環境が得られる。
6 膜
7 下部ポット
8 上部ポット
9 スクリーン
11 ポット
12 ベンチュリ装置
13 吸気口
14 給水口
15 ノズルタイプ装置
16 ジェット
17 周囲空気通路
18 オフライン処理装置
22 メンブレンバイオリアクタ
24 通路
30 内部再循環ループ
32 第1の導管
33 ポンプ
34 除去サブシステム
36 第2の導管
46 繊維束
47 上部注封ヘッド
48 下部注封ヘッド
49 注封スリーブ
50 注封スリーブ,気泡微細化ループ
51 スクリーン
52 曝気孔、気泡微細化器
53 繊維膜
54 弁
56 モータ駆動ポンプ
58 ガス源
60 弁
62 コントローラ
64 センサ
80 液体サイクロンユニット
Claims (10)
- 固形物を含む液体の濾過装置であって、
少なくとも1つの膜モジュールを具備し、前記膜モジュールは、複数の多孔性膜を有し、活性汚泥を含む基質を前記膜の外表面と接触させて処理し、処理水を前記膜の管腔から除去するようにしてなるメンブレンバイオリアクタと、
嫌気性環境下で働くようにしてなる生物学的汚泥処理槽であって、プロセス液が消化され、また消化されたプロセス液の少なくとも一部が前記メンブレンバイオリアクタに返送され、さらに前記メンブレンバイオリアクタ内の前記基質の少なくとも一部が送られるようにしてなる生物学的汚泥処理槽と、
を備えることを特徴とする濾過装置。 - 前記メンブレンバイオリアクタと前記生物学的汚泥処理槽との間に配設され、前記メンブレンバイオリアクタからの流出流に含まれる不活性物質を除去するように構成されたスクリーンを、さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記スクリーンは、最長寸法の平均サイズが約200μm〜約300μmの開口を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記メンブレンバイオリアクタと前記生物学的汚泥処理槽との間に配設され、前記メンブレンバイオリアクタからの流出流に含まれる不活性物質を除去するように構成された液体サイクロンを、さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記スクリーンと前記生物学的汚泥処理槽との間に配設され、前記メンブレンバイオリアクタからの流出流に含まれる不活性物質を除去するように構成された液体サイクロンを、さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記メンブレンバイオリアクタからの流出流を受け入れるように構成されたサージタンクを、さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 最長寸法の平均サイズが約6mm〜約25mmの開口を具備する補助スクリーンを、さらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の装置。
- 可消化廃棄物を含む流入液流の処理方法であって、
混合液と複数の多孔性中空糸膜の外表面とを接触させ、前記膜の管腔から透過液を除去するメンブレンバイオリアクタにおいて、前記混合液を濾過するステップと、
再循環ループを介して生体固形物を含む基質をオフライン処理槽に再循環させることによって、前記メンブレンバイオリアクタから生体固形物を除去し、前記メンブレンバイオリアクタ内において、あらかじめ選択された生体固形物濃度が維持されるようにするステップと、
前記オフライン処理槽内において、生体固形物を消化するステップと、
前記混合液の少なくとも一部を含んでいる、前記オフライン処理槽からの廃出液流を、前記メンブレンバイオリアクタに導くステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする処理方法。 - 前記生体固形物の除去ステップが、さらに、生体固形物を含む基質を液体サイクロンに通すステップを含み、前記液体サイクロンで不活性固形物を除去し、また、前記液体サイクロンは前記再循環ループの一部であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記生体固形物の除去ステップが、さらに、生体固形物を含む基質をスクリーンに通すステップを含み、前記スクリーンで不活性固形物を除去し、また、前記スクリーンは前記再循環ループの一部であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
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- 2005-03-25 CA CA 2564007 patent/CA2564007C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-25 EP EP20110157085 patent/EP2380854A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-03-25 AU AU2005240524A patent/AU2005240524C1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2005-04-15 TW TW94112073A patent/TW200540125A/zh unknown
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WO2016152336A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 濾過ユニット |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2009090290A (ja) | 2009-04-30 |
WO2005107929A3 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
CA2564007C (en) | 2011-05-31 |
AU2005240524A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1747058A2 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
TW200540125A (en) | 2005-12-16 |
US7718065B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
WO2005107929A2 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
CN101426565B (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
US20060201876A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
AU2009203198A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
US7387723B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
CN101426565A (zh) | 2009-05-06 |
AU2009203198B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
EP2380854A3 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
AU2005240524B2 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
EP1747058A4 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
EP2380854A2 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
AU2005240524C1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
US20090020475A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
CA2564007A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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