CN107004950B - 用于传送电磁波的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的主题公开内容的各个方面例如可以包括一种装置,所述装置包括波导、天线和传送器。所述传送器可以促进通过天线传送第一电磁波,所述第一电磁波具有基本模式。所述波导可以促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导的表面上传播。所述波导可以被定位在允许第一电磁波感生出在传输介质的表面上传播的具有基本和非基本模式的第二电磁波的位置处。此外还公开了其他实施例。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年10月21日提交的美国专利申请序列号 14/519,343的优先权。通过引用的方式将前述申请的内容合并到本申请中,就如同在这里全文阐述一样。
技术领域
本发明的主题公开内容涉及一种用于传送电磁波的方法和装置。
背景技术
随着智能电话和其他便携式设备日益变得普遍并且随着数据使用增加,宏蜂窝基站设备和现有的无线基础设施也随之需要更高的带宽能力以便解决增加的需求。为了提供附加的移动带宽,正在实行小型蜂窝部署,其中微蜂窝和微微蜂窝为比传统宏蜂窝小得多的区域提供覆盖。
附图说明
现在将参照附图,所述附图不一定是按比例绘制的,并且其中:
图1是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的导波通信系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图2是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图3是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图4是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图5是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合器和收发器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图6是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的双电介质波导耦合器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图7是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的双向电介质波导耦合器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图8是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的双向电介质波导耦合器的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图9是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的双向转发器系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图10A、10B和10C是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的开槽波导耦合器的示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图11是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图12是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图13示出了一种利用这里所描述的电介质波导耦合器对传输进行传送的方法的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图14是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图15A、15B、15C、15D、15E、15F、15G示出了可以由这里所描述的图14的波导系统检测到的干扰的来源的示例性、非限制性实施例。
图16是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的用于管理电网(power grid)通信系统的系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图17A示出了一种用于检测和缓解发生在图16的系统的通信网络中的干扰的方法的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图17B示出了一种用于检测和缓解发生在图16的系统的通信网络中的干扰的方法的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的流程图。
图18A示出了用于缓解由这里所描述的图14的波导系统检测到的干扰的一个示例性、非限制性实施例。
图18B示出了用于缓解由这里所描述的图14的波导系统检测到的干扰的另一个示例性、非限制性实施例。
图19A、19B和19C所描绘的方块图示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的示例性、非限制性实施例。
图20所描绘的方块图示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的一个示例性、非限制性实施例。
图21是根据这里所描述的各个方面的计算环境的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图22是根据这里所描述的各个方面的移动网络平台的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
图23是根据这里所描述的各个方面的通信设备的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图描述一个或多个实施例,其中相同的附图标记始终被用来指代相同的单元。在后面的描述中,出于解释的目的阐述了许多细节,以便提供对于各个实施例的透彻理解。但是显而易见的是,可以在没有这些细节的情况下实践各个实施例(并且不应用于任何特定的联网环境或标准)。
为了向附加的基站设备提供网络连接,把通信蜂窝(例如微蜂窝和宏蜂窝)链路到核心网络的网络设备的回传网络也相应地扩展。类似地,为了向分布式天线系统提供网络连接,希望有把基站设备与其分布式天线相链路的扩展通信系统。可以提供导波通信系统以便允许替换的、增加的或附加的网络连接,并且可以提供波导耦合系统以便在连线(比如作为单线传输线(例如公用事业线路)操作的连线,作为波导操作的连线,以及/或者操作来引导电磁波的传输的连线)上传送和/或接收导波(例如表面波)通信。
在一个实施例中,被利用在波导耦合系统中的波导耦合器可以由电介质材料或其他低损耗绝缘体(例如聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯等等)制成,或者甚至由导电(例如金属、非金属等等)材料制成,或者由前述材料的任意组合制成。在具体实施方式部分中提到“电介质波导”时都是出于说明的目的,而不是把实施例限制到仅由电介质材料构成。在其他实施例中,其他电介质或绝缘材料也是可行的。应当认识到,在不背离示例性实施例的情况下,对于导波通信可以利用多种传输介质。这样的传输介质的实例可以单独地或者在一种或多种组合中包括以下各项当中的一项或多项:不管是绝缘还是非绝缘并且不管是单股还是多股的连线;具有其他形状或配置的导体,其中包括线束、电缆、连杆、轨道、管道;比如电介质管道、连杆、轨道或其他电介质构件之类的非导体;导体与电介质材料的组合;或者其他导波传输介质。
出于这些和/或其他考虑,在一个或多个实施例中,一种装置包括促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播的波导,其中所述波导表面并不整个或者大部分环绕连线的连线表面,并且响应于波导相对于连线被定位,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到连线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地环绕连线表面行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有用于沿着连线纵向传播的至少一种波传播模式。
在另一个实施例中,一种装置包括波导,所述波导具有定义波导的剖面区域的波导表面,其中将连线定位在波导的剖面区域的外部,从而使得至少部分地在连线表面上沿着连线行进的第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到波导表面,并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地环绕波导表面行进。
在一个实施例中,一种方法包括由传送设备发出至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的第一电磁波,其中所述波导不与连线同轴对准。所述方法还可以包括邻近连线配置波导以便促进把第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到连线表面,从而形成至少部分地围绕连线表面并且沿着连线纵向传播的第二电磁波。
在另一个实施例中,一种装置在一个或多个实施例中包括波导,所述波导具有通过非平行的相对开槽表面形成的开槽,其中所述相对开槽表面分开一定距离,所述距离允许把连线插入在开槽中,其中所述波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,并且响应于波导相对于连线被定位,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到连线的连线表面,并且作为用于沿着连线纵向传播的第二电磁波至少部分地环绕连线表面行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有至少一种波传播模式。
在另一个实施例中,一种装置在一个或多个实施例中包括波导,其中所述波导包括不导电并且适合于在波导的波导表面上传播电磁波的材料,其中所述波导促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导表面上的传播,并且响应于波导相对于连线被定位,第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到连线的连线表面并且作为第二电磁波至少部分地环绕连线表面行进,并且其中第二电磁波具有用于沿着连线纵向传播的至少一种波传播模式。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种装置,所述装置具有促进沿着电网的连线的连线表面传送或接收电磁波的波导,所述电网还促进向设备递送电能。所述装置还可以包括一个或多个传感器,所述传感器促进感测对于波导、连线、沿着所述连线表面或波导表面传播的电磁波的传送或接收或者前述各项的任意组合造成不利影响的干扰。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种方法,所述方法用于通过具有波导和传感器的装置传送电磁波,所述电磁波沿着促进向设备递送电能的连线的连线表面传播,并且所述方法还用于通过所述传感器感测对于沿着所述连线表面传播的电磁波造成不利影响的干扰。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括具有可执行指令的机器可读(例如计算机可读、处理器可读等等)存储介质,所述可执行指令在由处理器执行时促进实施操作,包括利用或者通过波导感生出沿着传输介质的表面引导的电磁波,以及从传感器收集感测数据,所述感测数据与对于沿着传输介质的表面引导的电磁波造成不利影响的干扰相关联。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种具有处理器和存储器的装置。所述处理器可以实施以下操作:从耦合到传感器的波导系统接收遥测信息,从所述遥测信息检测对于波导系统的操作、沿着连线表面或波导表面的电磁波的传送或接收或者前述各项的某种组合当中的一项造成不利影响的干扰,并且报告所述干扰。所述波导系统可以包括波导,所述波导可以相对于促进向设备递送电能的电网的连线被定位。所述波导还可以促进沿着连线的连线表面传送或接收电磁波,同时所述传感器则可以促进感测对于电磁波造成不利影响的干扰。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种方法,所述方法用于通过包括处理器的网络单元从波导系统接收遥测信息,通过网络单元从包括在所述遥测信息中的感测数据确定干扰,并且通过网络单元向波导系统传送指令以调节电磁波的路线从而避免或补偿所确定的干扰。所述波导系统可以促进电磁波沿着电网的连线的连线表面的传输,以及对于电磁波的传送或接收造成不利影响的干扰的感测。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括具有可执行指令的机器可读(例如计算机可读、处理器可读等等)存储介质,所述可执行指令在由处理器执行时促进实施操作,包括从一个装置接收遥测信息,所述装置在电网的连线的连线表面上感生出电磁波以用于向耦合到所述电网的接收方通信设备递送通信信号,并且从所述遥测信息检测对于向接收方通信设备递送通信信号造成不利影响的干扰。
本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种波导系统,所述波导系统包括波导、天线和电路。所述电路促进信号的调制以便通过天线发射至少部分地在波导的外部表面上传播的第一电磁波。所述波导可以关于传输介质被定位以便允许第一电磁波感生出沿着传输介质的外部表面传播的第二电磁波。在一个实施例中,所述波导不与传输介质同轴对准。本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种装置,所述装置包括波导、天线和传送器,所述波导具有包括不导电材料的外部表面。所述传送器可以促进信号的调制以便通过天线发射第一电磁波。所述波导可以促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导的表面上的传播。所述波导可以关于传输介质被定位,以便允许第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到传输介质的表面,从而生成在传输介质的外部表面上传播的第二电磁波。在一个实施例中,第一电磁波具有第一传播模式,第二电磁波具有第二传播模式,第一传播模式和第二传播模式当中的每一种彼此不同。本发明的主题公开内容的一个实施例包括一种装置,所述装置包括波导、天线和传送器。所述传送器可以促进通过天线传送第一电磁波,所述第一电磁波具有基本模式。所述波导可以促进第一电磁波至少部分地在波导的表面上传播。所述波导可以被定位在允许第一电磁波感生出在传输介质的表面上传播的具有基本和非基本模式的第二电磁波的位置处。
这里所描述的各个实施例涉及一种用于从连线发动和提取导波 (例如作为电磁波的表面波通信)传输的波导耦合系统。在其中波长可以小到与装备的尺寸相比的毫米波频率(例如30到300GHz)处,传输可以作为由波导引导的波而传播,所述波导比如是电介质材料的条带或长度或者其他耦合器。导波的电磁场结构可以处于波导的内部和/或外部。当该波导被带到紧邻连线(例如公用事业线路或其他传输线)时,所述导波的至少一部分从波导解耦并且耦合到所述连线,并且继续作为导波(比如围绕所述连线的表面的表面波)而传播。
根据一个示例性实施例,表面波是由连线的表面引导的一种导波,所述表面可以包括连线的外侧或外部表面,或者邻近或暴露于具有不同属性(例如介电属性)的另一种类型的介质的连线的另一个表面。实际上,在一个示例性实施例中,引导表面波的连线的表面可以代表两种不同类型的介质之间的过渡表面。举例来说,在裸连线或非绝缘连线的情况下,连线的表面可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的所述裸连线或非绝缘连线的外部或外侧导电表面。作为另一个实例,在绝缘连线的情况下,连线的表面可以是与连线的绝缘体部分交会的连线的导电部分,或者可以是暴露于空气或自由空间的连线的绝缘体表面,或者可以是连线的绝缘体表面与连线的导电部分(其与连线的绝缘体部分交会)之间的任何材料区段,这取决于绝缘体、空气和/或导体的属性(例如介电属性)中的相对差异,并且还取决于导波的频率以及一种或多种传播模式。
根据一个示例性实施例,可以把例如表面波之类的导波与通过自由空间/空气的无线电传送或者电功率或信号通过连线的导体的传统传播进行对照。实际上,根据一个示例性实施例,利用这里描述的表面波或导波系统,传统的电功率或信号仍然可以通过连线的导体传播或者被传送,导波(包括表面波和其他电磁波)则可以围绕连线的表面传播或者被传送。在一个实施例中,表面波可以具有主要或基本上处于用来引导表面波的线路、连线或传输介质外部的场结构(例如电磁场结构)。
根据一个示例性实施例,沿着连线并且环绕连线的外部表面行进的电磁波由沿着邻近所述连线的波导行进的其他电磁波感生。电磁波的感生可以独立于通过作为电路的一部分的连线被注入或者通过其他方式被传送的任何电位、电荷或电流。应当认识到,虽然响应于沿着连线的电磁波的传播可以形成连线中的小电流,但是这可能是由于电磁波沿着连线表面的传播,而不是响应于被注入到作为电路的一部分的连线中的电位、电荷或电流形成。因此,在连线上行进的电磁波不需要电路就可以沿着连线表面传播。因此,所述连线是不是电路的一部分的单线传输线。此外,在一些实施例中,连线不是必要的,并且电磁波可以沿着不是连线的单线传输介质传播。
根据一个示例性实施例,结合导波(例如表面波)使用的术语“围绕”连线可以包括基波传播模式以及具有至少部分地环绕连线或其他传输介质的圆形或基本上圆形的场分布(例如电场、磁场、电磁场等等)的其他导波。此外,当导波“围绕”连线或其他传输介质传播时,其可以根据不仅包括基波传播模式(例如零阶模式),而且还附加地或替换地包括其他非基波传播模式,比如更高阶导波模式(例如1阶模式、2阶模式等等)、非对称模式以及/或者具有环绕连线或其他传输介质的非圆形场分布的其他导波(例如表面波)的波传播模式进行传播。
举例来说,这样的非圆形场分布可以是单边的(unilateral)或多边的(multilateral),其具有由相对更高的场强度表征的一个或多个轴向波瓣,以及/或者由相对较低的场强度、零场强度或基本上零场强度表征的一个或多个空值(null)或空值区段。此外,根据一个示例性实施例,所述场分布可以作为环绕连线的纵向轴向指向的函数而变化,从而使得环绕连线的一个或多个轴向指向区段具有高于一个或多个其他轴向指向区段的电场或磁场强度(或其组合)。应当认识到,随着导波沿着连线行进,更高阶模式或非对称模式的波的相对位置可能会发生变化。
现在参照图1,其中所示出的方块图示出了导波通信系统100的一个示例性、非限制性实施例。导波通信系统100描绘出可以在其中使用电介质波导耦合系统的示例性环境。
导波通信系统100可以包括分布式系统150的第一实例,其包括可通信地耦合到中心局101和/或宏蜂窝站点102的一个或多个基站设备(例如基站设备104)。基站设备104可以通过有线(例如光纤和/ 或电缆)或者通过无线(例如微波无线)连接而连接到宏蜂窝站点102 和中心局101。分布式系统160的第二实例可以被用来为移动设备122 以及向住宅和/或商业设施142(在这里被称作设施142)提供无线语音和数据服务。系统100可以具有分布式系统150和160的附加实例以用于为移动设备122-124和设施142提供语音和/或数据服务,正如在图1中所示出的那样。
宏蜂窝(比如宏蜂窝站点102)可以具有到移动网络的专用连接,并且基站设备104可以共享和/或通过其他方式使用宏蜂窝站点102 的连接。中心局101可以被用来分发媒体内容以及/或者为移动设备 122-124和设施142提供互联网服务提供商(ISP)服务。中心局101 可以从卫星130的星座图(在图1中示出了其中一颗卫星)或其他内容来源接收媒体内容,并且将此类内容经由分布式系统150和160的第一和第二实例分发到移动设备122-124和设施142。中心局101还可以可通信地耦合到因特网103以用于为移动设备122-124和设施142提供互联网数据服务。
基站设备104可以被安装或附着到电线杆116上。在其他实施例中,基站设备104可以处在变压器附近以及/或者位于输电线附近的其他位置。基站设备104可以促进移动设备122和124到移动网络的连接。分别被安装在电线杆118和120上或者处在其附近的天线112和 114可以从基站设备104接收信号,并且在比天线112和114位于基站设备104处或其附近的情况宽广得多的区域内将这些信号传送到移动设备122和124。
应当提到的是,为了简单起见,图1在分布式系统150和160的每一个实例中显示出三根电线杆和一个基站设备。在其他实施例中,电线杆116可以具有更多基站设备,以及具有分布式天线和/或到设施 142的系绳连接(tethered connection)的更多电线杆。
电介质波导耦合设备106可以把来自基站设备104的信号经由连接电线杆116、118和120的(多条)公用事业线路或输电线传送到天线112和114。为了传送信号,无线电源和/或耦合器106对来自基站设备104的信号进行上变频(例如通过混频),或者通过其他方式把来自基站设备104的信号转换到毫米波段信号,并且电介质波导耦合设备106发动作为沿着公用事业线路或其他连线行进的导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)传播的毫米波段波。在电线杆118处,另一个电介质波导耦合设备108接收导波(并且可选地可以按照需要或希望对其进行放大,或者作为数字转发器操作以便接收导波并且重新生成导波),并且将其作为导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)在公用事业线路或其他连线上继续发送。电介质波导耦合设备108还可以从毫米波段导波中提取出信号,并且将其向下频移或者通过其他方式转换到其原始蜂窝频带频率(例如1.9GHz或其他已定义的蜂窝频率)或者另一蜂窝(或非蜂窝)频带频率。天线112可以把经过向下频移的信号传送(例如无线传送)到移动设备122。在必要时或希望时,可以由电介质波导耦合设备110、天线114和移动设备124重复所述处理。
来自移动设备122和124的传送还可以分别由天线112和114接收。电介质波导耦合设备108和110上的转发器可以把蜂窝频带信号向上频移或者通过其他方式转换到毫米波段,并且把所述信号作为导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)传输通过(多条)输电线传送到基站设备104。
由中心局101接收到的媒体内容可以通过基站设备104被提供到分布式系统160的第二实例,以供分发到移动设备122和设施142。电介质波导耦合设备110可以通过一条或多条有线连接或者无线接口而系连到设施142。所述一条或多条有线连接可以包括而不限于输电线、同轴电缆、光纤线缆、双绞线电缆或者用于分发媒体内容和/或提供互联网服务的其他适当的有线介质。在一个示例性实施例中,来自波导耦合设备110的有线连接可以可通信地耦合到位于一个或多个相应的服务区接口(SAI——未示出)处的一个或多个非常高比特率数字订户线(VDSL)调制解调器,每一个SAI为设施142的一部分提供服务。VDSL调制解调器可以被用来选择性地分发媒体内容以及/或者向位于设施142中的网关(未示出)提供互联网服务。SAI还可以通过有线介质(比如输电线、同轴电缆、光纤线缆、双绞线电缆或者其他适当的有线介质)可通信地耦合到设施142。在其他示例性实施例中,波导耦合设备110可以可通信地直接耦合到设施142而没有例如SAI 之类的中间接口。
在另一个示例性实施例中,系统100可以采用分集路径,其中两条或更多条公用事业线路或其他连线被维系在电线杆116、118和120 之间(例如电线杆116和120之间的两条或更多条连线),并且来自基站104的冗余传送被作为导波沿着公用事业线路或其他连线的表面向下传送。所述公用事业线路或其他连线可以是绝缘或非绝缘的,并且取决于导致传输损耗的环境条件,耦合设备可以选择性地接收来自所述绝缘或非绝缘公用事业线路或其他连线的信号。所述选择可以是基于对于连线的信噪比的测量,或者是基于所确定的天气/环境条件 (例如水汽检测器、天气预报等等)。对于系统100使用分集路径可以允许备用路由能力、负载平衡、增加的负载应对、并发双向或同步通信、扩谱通信等等(关于更多说明性细节参见图8)。
应当提到的是,在图1中对于电介质波导耦合设备106、108和 110的使用仅仅是作为举例,并且在其他实施例中可能有其他使用。举例来说,电介质波导耦合设备可以被使用在回传通信系统中,从而为基站设备提供网络连接。电介质波导耦合设备可以被使用在其中希望通过连线传送导波通信的许多情况中,不管所述连线是否绝缘。由于与可能载送高电压的连线没有接触或者只有有限的物理和/或电接触,因此电介质波导耦合设备对于其他耦合设备存在改进。通过电介质波导耦合设备,所述装置可以被定位成离开连线(例如与连线间隔开),并且/或者在不与连线发生电接触的情况下被定位在连线上,这是因为所述电介质充当绝缘体,从而允许便宜、便利并且/或者较不复杂的安装。但是正如先前所提到的那样,例如在其中连线对应于电话网络、有线电视网络、宽带数据服务、光纤通信系统或者采用低电压或具有绝缘传输线的其他网络的配置中,可以采用导电或非电介质耦合器。
还应当提到的是,虽然在一个实施例中示出了基站设备104和宏蜂窝站点102,但是其他网络配置同样是可行的。举例来说,可以按照类似的方式采用例如接入点或其他无线网关之类的设备,以便扩展例如无线局域网、无线个人区域网或者根据通信协议操作的其他无线网络之类的其他网络的范围,所述通信协议比如有802.11协议、WIMAX 协议、超宽带协议、Bluetooth协议、Zigbee协议或者其他无线协议。
现在参照图2,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合系统200的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。系统200 包括电介质波导204,其具有作为导波围绕电介质波导204的波导表面传播的波206。在一个实施例中,电介质波导204是弯曲的,并且波导204的至少一部分可以被放置在连线202的附近,以便促进波导 204与连线202之间的耦合,正如这里所描述的那样。电介质波导204 可以被放置成使得弯曲电介质波导204的一部分与连线202平行或者基本上平行。与连线平行的电介质波导204的一部分可以是曲线的顶点,或者是曲线的切线在该处与连线202平行的任一点。当电介质波导204被如此定位或放置时,沿着电介质波导204行进的波206至少部分地耦合到连线202,并且作为导波208环绕或围绕连线202的连线表面并且沿着连线202纵向地传播。导波208可以被表征为表面波或其他电磁波,但是在不背离示例性实施例的情况下还可以支持其他类型的导波208。未耦合到连线202的波206的一部分作为波210沿着电介质波导204传播。应当认识到,电介质波导204可以关于连线 202被配置和安排在多种位置处,以便实现波206到连线202的所期望的水平的耦合或非耦合。举例来说,在不背离示例性实施例的情况下,可以改变与连线202平行或基本上平行的电介质波导204的曲率和/或长度以及其分隔距离(在一个实施例中可以包括零分隔距离)。同样地,可以基于对于连线202和电介质波导204的对应的固有特性 (例如厚度、构成、电磁属性等等)以及波206和208的特性(例如频率、能量水平等等)的考虑改变电介质波导204关于连线202的安排。
即使当连线202弯曲和屈曲时,导波208仍然与连线202保持平行或基本上平行。连线202中的弯曲可能会增加传输损耗,这还取决于连线直径、频率和材料。如果电介质波导204的规格是针对高效的电力输送选择的,则波206中的大多数电力被输送到连线202,只有很少的电力保留在波210中。应当认识到,导波208可以仍然是多模式性质(将在这里进行讨论),其中包括具有非基本或非对称的模式,而在沿着平行于或基本上平行于连线202的路径行进时具有或不具有基本传输模式。在一个实施例中,非基本或非对称模式可以被利用来最小化传输损耗以及/或者获得增加的传播距离。
应当提到的是,术语“平行”通常是在真实系统中常常无法确切地实现的几何构造。因此,当被用来描述在本发明的主题公开内容中所公开的实施例时,本发明的主题公开内容中所利用的术语“平行”表示近似而不是确切的配置。在一个实施例中,基本上平行可以包括所有维度中处于30度真实平行以内的近似。
在一个实施例中,波206可以表现出一种或多种波传播模式。电介质波导模式可以取决于波导204的形状和/或设计。波206的一种或多种电介质波导模式可以生成、影响或者冲击沿着连线202传播的导波208的一种或多种波传播模式。在一个实施例中,连线202上的波传播模式可以类似于电介质波导模式,这是因为波206和208分别都围绕电介质波导204和连线202的外部传播。在一些实施例中,由于电介质波导204与连线202之间的耦合,随着波206耦合到连线202,所述模式可能会改变形式,或者可能会产生或生成新的模式。举例来说,电介质波导204和连线202的尺寸、材料和/或阻抗中的差异可能会产生不存在于电介质波导模式中的附加模式并且/或者抑制其中一些电介质波导模式。所述波传播模式可以包括基本横电磁模式(准 TEM00),其中仅有很小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且当导波沿着连线传播时,电场和磁场径向地向外延伸。该导波模式可以具有圆环(donut)形状,其中在电介质波导204或连线202内存在很少的电磁场。
波206和208可以包括基本TEM模式,其中的场径向地向外延伸,并且还可以包括其他非基本(例如非对称、更高层级等等)模式。虽然前面讨论了特定波传播模式,但是基于所采用的频率、电介质波导 204的设计、连线202的规格和构成、以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘、周围环境的电磁属性等等,其他波传播模式同样是可行的,比如横电 (TE)模式和横磁(TM)模式。应当提到的是,取决于频率、连线202 的电和物理特性以及所生成的特定波传播模式,导波208可以沿着氧化非绝缘连线、非氧化非绝缘连线、绝缘连线的导电表面以及/或者沿着绝缘连线的绝缘表面行进。
在一个实施例中,电介质波导204的直径小于连线202的直径。对于所使用的毫米带波长,电介质波导204支持构成波206的单波导模式。该单波导模式可以随着作为表面208耦合到连线202而发生改变。如果电介质波导204更大,则可以支持多于一种波导模式,但是这些附加的波导模式可能不会同样高效地耦合到连线202,并且可能会导致更高的耦合损耗。但是在一些替换实施例中,例如在希望有更高的耦合损耗时或者当与其他技术相结合来使用以便通过其他方式减少耦合损耗时(例如通过锥化的阻抗匹配等等),电介质波导204的直径可以等于或大于连线202的直径。
在一个实施例中,波206和208的波长在尺寸上与电介质波导204 和连线202的周长是可比较的或者小于其周长。在一个实例中,如果连线202的直径是0.5cm并且相应的周长是大约1.5cm,则传输的波长是大约1.5cm或更小,从而对应于20GHz或更高的频率。在另一个实施例中,传输和载波信号的适当频率处于30-100GHz的范围内,可能是大约30-60GHz,并且在一个实例中是大约38GHz。在一个实施例中,当电介质波导204和连线202的周长在尺寸上与传输的波长是可比较的或者大于其波长时,波206和208可以表现出多种波传播模式,其中包括传播经过足够的距离以便支持这里所描述的各种通信系统的基本和/或非基本(对称和/或非对称)模式。波206和208因此可以包括多于一种类型的电和磁场配置。在一个实施例中,随着导波208 沿着连线202向下传播,电和磁场配置从连线202的一个末端到另一个末端将保持相同。在其他实施例中,当导波208遇到干扰或者由于传输损耗而损失能量时,电和磁场配置可能随着导波208沿着连线202 向下传播而发生改变。
在一个实施例中,电介质波导204可以由尼龙、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或者其他塑料构成。在其他实施例中,其他电介质材料也是可行的。连线202的连线表面可以是金属的,其或者具有裸金属表面,或者可以利用塑料、电介质、绝缘体或其他护鞘被绝缘。在一个实施例中,电介质或其他不导电/绝缘波导可以与裸/金属连线或绝缘连线配对。在其他实施例中,金属和/或导电波导可以与裸/金属连线或绝缘连线配对。在一个实施例中,连线202的裸金属表面上的氧化层(例如通过把裸金属表面暴露于氧气/空气而得到)还可以提供类似于由一些绝缘体或护鞘所提供的那些绝缘或电介质属性。
应当提到的是,给出波206、208和210的图形表示仅仅是为了说明波206在例如作为单线传输线操作的连线202上感生出或者通过其他方式发动导波208的原理。波210代表在生成导波208之后保留在电介质波导204上的波206的部分。作为这样的波传播的结果生成的实际电场和磁场可以根据以下因素而有所不同:所采用的频率,一种或多种特定波传播模式,电介质波导204的设计,连线202的规格和构成以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘,周围环境的电磁属性等等。
应当提到的是,电介质波导204可以在电介质波导204的末端处包括端接电路或阻尼器214,其可以吸收来自波210的剩余辐射或能量。端接电路或阻尼器214可以防止和/或最小化朝向传送器电路212 反射回去的来自波210的剩余辐射或能量。在一个实施例中,端接电路或阻尼器214可以包括端接电阻器以及/或者实施阻抗匹配以衰减反射的其他组件。在一些实施例中,如果耦合效率足够高并且/或者波 210足够小,则可能没有必要使用端接电路或阻尼器214。为了简单起见,在其他附图中没有描绘出这些传送器和端接电路或阻尼器212和 214,但是在这些实施例中,也可能使用传送器和端接电路或阻尼器。
此外,虽然给出了生成单个导波208的单个电介质波导204,但是也可以采用放置在沿着连线202的不同点处和/或围绕连线的不同轴向指向处的多个电介质波导204,以便在相同或不同的频率处、在相同或不同的相位处、在相同或不同的波传播模式下生成和接收多个导波208。可以对一个或多个导波208进行调制,以便通过例如相移键控、频移键控、正交幅度调制、幅度调制、多载波调制之类的调制技术以及通过例如频分多路复用、时分多路复用、码分多路复用、经由不同波传播模式的多路复用之类的多址技术以及通过其他调制和接入策略来传达数据。
现在参照图3,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合系统300的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。系统300 包括电介质波导304和连线302,其具有作为导波围绕连线302的连线表面传播的波306。在一个示例性实施例中,波306可以被表征为表面波或其他电磁波。
在一个示例性实施例中,电介质波导304是弯曲的或者具有曲率,并且可以被放置在连线302的附近,从而使得弯曲的电介质波导304 的一部分与连线302平行或基本上平行。与连线平行的电介质波导304 的部分可以是曲线的顶点,或者是曲线的切线在该处与连线302平行的任一点。当电介质波导304处于连线附近时,沿着连线302行进的导波306可以耦合到电介质波导304并且作为导波308围绕电介质波导304传播。未耦合到电介质波导304的导波306的一部分作为导波 310(例如表面波或其他电磁波)沿着连线302传播。
即使当连线302和电介质波导304发生弯曲和屈曲时,导波306 和308仍然分别与连线302和电介质波导304保持平行。弯曲可能会增加传输损耗,这还取决于连线直径、频率和材料。如果电介质波导 304的规格是针对高效的电力输送选择的,则导波306中的大多数能量都被耦合到电介质波导304,并且只有很少能量保留在导波310中。
在一个实施例中,接收器电路可以被放置在波导304的末端以便接收波308。端接电路可以被放置在波导304的相对末端,以便接收在与耦合到波导304的导波306相反的方向上行进的导波。因此,端接电路将防止和/或最小化由接收器电路接收到的反射。如果反射很少,则端接电路可能并不必要。
应当提到的是,电介质波导304可以被配置成使得表面波306的所选择的偏振作为导波308被耦合到电介质波导304。举例来说,如果导波306由具有对应的偏振的导波或波传播模式构成,则电介质波导304可以被配置成接收具有所选择的(多种)偏振的一个或多个导波。因此,耦合到电介质波导304的导波308是对应于所选择的(多种)偏振当中的一种或多种的导波的集合,并且另外的导波310可以包括与所选择的(多种)偏振不匹配的导波。
电介质波导304可以被配置成基于电介质波导304被围绕连线302 放置的角度/旋转来接收具有特定偏振的导波。举例来说,如果导波 306被水平偏振,则大多数导波306作为波308传递到电介质波导。但是随着电介质波导304被围绕连线302旋转90度,来自导波306 的大多数能量将作为导波310保持耦合到连线,并且仅有一小部分将作为波308耦合到连线302。
应当提到的是,波306、308和310在本说明书中的图3和其他附图中利用三个圆形符号示出。这些符号被用来表示一般的导波,而不意味着波306、308和310必须是圆形偏振或圆形指向的。实际上,波 306、308和310可以包括基本TEM模式,其中的场径向地向外延伸,并且还包括其他非基本(例如更高层级等等)模式。这些模式的性质也可以是非对称的(例如径向、双边、三边、四边等等)。
还应当提到的是,通过连线的导波通信可以是全双工,从而允许两个方向上的同时通信。在一个方向上行进的波可以经过在相反方向上行进的波。由于适用于波的叠加原理,电磁场可以在特定点处短时间抵消。在相反方向上行进的波在传播时仿佛另一个波并不存在,但是对于观测者的复合效果可能是稳定驻波样式。随着导波经过彼此并且不再处于叠加状态,干涉消退。随着导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)耦合到波导并且移动离开连线,由于其他导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)所导致的任何干涉减小。在一个实施例中,随着导波306 (例如表面波或其他电磁波)逼近电介质波导304,在连线302上从左向右行进的另一个导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)(未示出)经过,从而导致局部干涉。随着导波306作为波308耦合到电介质波导 304并且移动离开连线302,由于经过的导波所导致的任何干涉都消退。
应当提到的是,给出波306、308和310的图形表示仅仅是为了说明导波306在电介质波导304上感生出或者通过其他方式发动导波 308的原理。导波310代表在生成波308之后保留在连线302上的导波306的部分。作为这样的导波传播的结果所生成的实际电场和磁场可以根据以下因素当中的一项或多项而有所不同:电介质波导的形状和/或设计,电介质波导与连线的相对位置,所采用的频率,电介质波导304的设计,连线302的规格和构成以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘,周围环境的电磁属性等等。
现在参照图4,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合系统400的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。系统400 包括电介质波导404,其具有作为导波围绕电介质波导404的波导表面传播的波406。在一个实施例中,电介质波导404是弯曲的,并且电介质波导404的一个末端可以被系结、紧固或者通过其他方式机械耦合到连线402。当电介质波导404的末端被紧固到连线402时,电介质波导404的所述末端与连线402平行或基本上平行。或者,电介质波导的超出一个末端的另一个部分可以被紧固或耦合到连线402,从而使得所述紧固或耦合部分与连线402平行或基本上平行。耦合设备410可以是尼龙扎带(cable tie)或其他类型的不导电/电介质材料,其或者与电介质波导404分开或者被构造成电介质波导404的集成组件。电介质波导404可以邻近连线402而不围绕连线402。
当电介质波导404被放置成使其末端平行于连线402时,沿着电介质波导404行进的导波406耦合到连线402,并且作为导波408围绕连线402的连线表面传播。在一个示例性实施例中,导波408可以被表征为表面波或其他电磁波。
应当提到的是,给出波406和408的图形表示仅仅是为了说明波 406在例如作为单线传输线操作的连线402上感生出或者通过其他方式发动导波408的原理。作为这样的波传播的结果所生成的实际电场和磁场可以根据以下因素当中的一项或多项而有所不同:电介质波导的形状和/或设计,电介质波导与连线的相对位置,所采用的频率,电介质波导404的设计,连线402的规格和构成以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘,周围环境的电磁属性等等。
在一个实施例中,电介质波导404的一个末端可以朝向连线402 锥化,以便提高耦合效率。实际上,根据本发明的主题公开内容的一个示例性实施例,电介质波导404的末端的锥化可以提供与连线402 的阻抗匹配。举例来说,电介质波导404的一个末端可以被逐渐锥化,以便获得如图4中所示的波406与408之间的所期望的水平的耦合。
在一个实施例中,耦合设备410可以被放置成使得在耦合设备410 与电介质波导404的一个末端之间存在较短长度的电介质波导404。当超出耦合设备410的电介质波导404的末端的长度至少是针对正被传送的任何频率的几个波长的长度时,可以实现最大耦合效率。
现在参照图5,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的电介质波导耦合器和收发器系统500(在这里统称作系统500)的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。系统500包括发动并且接收波(例如到电介质波导502上的导波504)的传送器/接收器设备506。导波504可以被用来通过通信接口501传输接收自和发送到基站520、移动设备 522或建筑物524的信号。通信接口501可以是系统500的一个集成部分。或者,通信接口501可以系连到系统500。通信接口501可以包括用于利用多种无线信令协议(例如LTE、WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE802.xx 等等)当中的任一种接口到基站520、移动设备522或建筑物524的无线接口。通信接口501还可以包括有线接口,比如光纤线路、同轴电缆、双绞线或者用于向基站520或建筑物524传送信号的其他适当的有线介质。对于其中系统500充当转发器的实施例,通信接口501可以不是必要的。
通信接口501的输出信号(例如Tx)可以在混频器510处与由本地振荡器512生成的毫米波载波相组合。混频器510可以使用外差技术或其他频移技术以便对来自通信接口501的输出信号进行频移。举例来说,发送到和来自通信接口501的信号可以是经过调制的信号,比如正交频分多路复用(OFDM)信号,其根据长期演进(LTE)无线协议或者其他无线3G、4G、5G或更高语音和数据协议、Zigbee、WIMAX、超宽带或IEEE 802.11无线协议或者其他无线协议而被格式化。在一个示例性实施例中,这一变频可以在模拟域中进行,其结果是可以在不考虑基站520、移动设备522或建筑物内设备524所使用的通信协议类型的情况下实施该变频。随着新的通信技术被开发,通信接口501 可以被升级或替换,并且频移和传送装置可以被保留,从而简化了升级。随后可以把载波发送到功率放大器(“PA”)514,并且可以通过双工器516经由传送器/接收器设备506来传送。
通过双工器516可以把接收自传送器/接收器设备506的被导向通信接口501的信号与其他信号分开。所述传输随后可以被发送到低噪声放大器(“LNA”)518以进行放大。混频器521在本地振荡器512 的帮助下可以把所述传输(其在某些实施例中处于毫米波段中或者是大约38GHz)向下频移到固有频率。通信接口501随后可以在输入端口(Rx)处接收所述传输。
在一个实施例中,传送器/接收器设备506可以包括圆柱形或非圆柱形金属(其例如在一个实施例中可以是中空的,但并不是按比例绘制的)或者其他导电或不导电波导,并且电介质波导502的一个末端可以被放置在所述波导或传送器/接收器设备506中或其附近,从而使得当传送器/接收器设备506生成传输时,所述导波耦合到电介质波导 502并且作为导波504围绕电介质波导502的波导表面传播。在一些实施例中,导波504可以部分地在电介质波导502的外部表面上传播,并且部分地在电介质波导502的内部传播。在其他实施例中,导波504 可以基本上或完全地在电介质波导502的外部表面上传播。在其他实施例中,导波504可以基本上或完全地在电介质波导502的内部传播。在该后一个实施例中,导波504可以在电介质波导502的一个末端(比如图4中示出的锥化末端)处辐射,以便耦合到例如图4的连线402 之类的传输介质。类似地,如果导波504正在传入(从连线耦合到电介质波导502),则导波504随后进入传送器/接收器设备506并且耦合到所述圆柱形波导或导电波导。虽然传送器/接收器设备506被示出为包括单独的波导,但是可以采用天线、空腔谐振器、速调管 (klystron)、磁控管(magnetron)、行波管(travelling wave tube) 或其他辐射元件在波导502上感生出导波,而无需单独的波导。
在一个实施例中,电介质波导502可以完全由电介质材料(或者其他适当的绝缘材料)构造,并且其中没有任何金属或其他导电材料。电介质波导502可以由尼龙、聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺、其他塑料或者不导电并且适合于促进电磁波至少部分地在此类材料的外部表面上传输的其他材料构成。在另一个实施例中,电介质波导502可以包括导电/金属核心,并且具有外侧电介质表面。类似地,耦合到电介质波导502以用于传播由电介质波导502感生出的电磁波或者用于向电介质波导502提供电磁波的传输介质可以完全由电介质材料(或者其他适当的绝缘材料)构造,并且其中没有任何金属或其他导电材料。
应当提到的是,虽然图5示出了传送器/接收器设备506的开口比电介质波导502宽得多,但是这并非按比例绘制的,并且在其他实施例中,电介质波导502的宽度与中空波导的开口是可比较的或者比之略小。此外虽然没有示出,但是在一个实施例中,被插入到传送器/ 接收器设备506中的波导502的末端逐渐变细,以便减少反射并且提高耦合效率。
传送器/接收器设备506可以可通信地耦合到通信接口501,并且替换地传送器/接收器设备506还可以可通信地耦合到图1中示出的一个或多个分布式天线112和114。在其他实施例中,传送器/接收器设备506可以构成用于回传网络的转发器系统的一部分。
在耦合到电介质波导502之前,由传送器/接收器设备506生成的导波的一种或多种波导模式可以耦合到电介质波导502从而感生出导波504的一种或多种波传播模式。由于中空金属波导和电介质波导的不同特性,导波504的波传播模式可以不同于中空金属波导模式。举例来说,导波504的波传播模式可以包括基本横电磁模式(准TEM00),其中仅有很小的电场和/或磁场在传播方向上延伸,并且当导波沿着电介质波导502传播时,电场和磁场从电介质波导502径向地向外延伸。基本横电磁模式波传播模式不可存在于中空波导的内部。因此,由传送器/接收器设备506使用的中空金属波导模式是可以有效地并且高效地耦合到电介质波导502的波传播模式的波导模式。
现在参照图6,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的双电介质波导耦合系统600的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。在一个实施例中,可以环绕连线602放置两个或更多电介质波导(例如604 和606)以便接收导波608。在一个实施例中,导波608可以被表征为表面波或其他电磁波。在一个实施例中,一个电介质波导就足以接收导波608。在这种情况下,导波608耦合到电介质波导604并且作为导波610传播。如果导波608的场结构由于各种外部因素环绕连线602 振荡或波动,则可以放置电介质波导606从而使得导波608耦合到电介质波导606。在一些实施例中,可以环绕连线602的一部分放置四个或更多电介质波导(例如关于彼此成90度或其他间距),以便接收可能环绕连线602振荡或旋转的导波,其中所述导波是在不同的轴向指向处被感生的,或者具有非基本或更高阶模式,所述非基本或更高阶模式例如具有波瓣和/或空值或者与指向相关的其他非对称性。但是应当认识到,在不背离示例性实施例的情况下,可以环绕连线602的一部分放置少于或多于四个电介质波导。还应当认识到,虽然一些示例性实施例给出了环绕连线602的至少一部分的多个电介质波导,但是这多个电介质波导也可以被视为具有多个电介质波导子组件的单个电介质波导系统的一部分。举例来说,两个或更多电介质波导可以被制造成单个系统,其可以在单个安装中被环绕连线安装,从而使得可以根据所述单个系统预先定位各个电介质波导或者可以将其相对于彼此进行调节(人工或自动调节)。耦合到电介质波导606和604的接收器可以使用分集组合以便组合接收自全部两个电介质波导606和 604的信号,从而最大化信号质量。在其他实施例中,如果电介质波导606和604当中的一个或另一个接收到高于预定阈值的传输,则接收器在决定将使用哪一个信号时可以使用选择分集。
应当提到的是,给出波608和610的图形表示仅仅是为了说明导波608在电介质波导604上感生出或者通过其他方式发动波610的原理。作为这样的波传播的结果所生成的实际电场和磁场可以根据以下因素而有所不同:所采用的频率,电介质波导604的设计,连线602 的规格和构成以及其表面特性、其可选绝缘,周围环境的电磁属性等等。
现在参照图7,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的双向电介质波导耦合系统700的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。在系统700中,两个电介质波导704和714可以被放置在连线702附近,从而使得沿着连线702传播的导波(例如表面波或其他电磁波)作为波706被耦合到电介质波导704,并且随后由转发器设备710增强或转发,并且作为导波716被发动到电介质波导714上。导波716随后可以耦合到连线702,并且继续沿着连线702传播。在一个实施例中,转发器设备710可以通过与连线702(其可以是输电线)的磁性耦合接收被用于增强或转发的至少一部分电力。
在一些实施例中,转发器设备710可以转发与波706相关联的传输,并且在其他实施例中,转发器设备710可以与位于转发器设备710 附近的分布式天线系统和/或基站设备相关联。接收器波导708可以接收来自电介质波导704的波706,并且传送器波导712可以把导波716 发动到电介质波导714上。在接收器波导708与传送器波导712之间,信号可以被放大以便校正与导波通信相关联的信号损耗和其他低效率,或者信号可以被接收和处理以便提取包含在其中的数据并且将其重新生成以供传送。在一个实施例中,可以从所述传输中提取信号并且对其进行处理,并且另行通过可通信地耦合到转发器设备710的分布式天线将其发射到附近的移动设备。类似地,通过分布式天线接收到的信号和/或通信可以被插入到所生成的传输中,并且通过传送器波导712被发动到电介质波导714上。相应地,图7中描绘出的转发器系统700可以在功能上与图1中的电介质波导耦合设备108和100是可比较的。
应当提到的是,虽然图7示出了分别从左侧进入并且从右侧离开的导波传输706和716,但是这仅仅是简化而不意图作出限制。在其他实施例中,接收器波导708和传送器波导712还可以分别充当传送器和接收器,从而允许转发器设备710是双向的。
在一个实施例中,转发器设备710可以被放置在连线702上的存在中断或障碍物的位置处。这些障碍物可以包括变压器、连接、电线杆以及其他此类输电线设备。转发器设备710可以帮助导波(例如表面波)跳过线路上的这些障碍物,并且同时增强传输功率。在其他实施例中,电介质波导可以被用来跳过障碍物而无需使用转发器设备。在该实施例中,电介质波导的两个末端都可以被系连或紧固到连线,从而为导波提供行进路径而不会被障碍物阻断。
现在参照图8,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的双向电介质波导耦合器800的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。在电线杆之间维系有两条或更多条连线的情况下,双向电介质波导耦合器 800可以采用分集路径。由于导波传输基于天气、降水和大气条件对于绝缘连线和非绝缘连线具有不同的传输效率和耦合效率,因此可能有利的是在特定时间在绝缘连线或非绝缘连线上选择性地进行传送。
在图8所示出的实施例中,转发器设备使用接收器波导808接收沿着非绝缘连线802行进的导波,并且使用传送器波导810作为沿着绝缘连线804的导波转发传输。在其他实施例中,转发器设备可以从绝缘连线804切换到非绝缘连线802,或者可以沿着相同的路径转发传输。转发器设备806可以包括传感器,或者可以与表明可能影响传输的状况的传感器进行通信。基于接收自传感器的反馈,转发器设备 806可以作出关于是要沿着相同的连线保持传输还是要把传输转移到另一条连线的决定。
现在参照图9,其中示出了双向转发器系统900的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。双向转发器系统900包括波导耦合设备902 和904,其接收并且传送来自位于分布式天线系统或回传系统中的其他耦合设备的传输。
在各个实施例中,波导耦合设备902可以接收来自另一个波导耦合设备的传输,其中所述传输具有多个子载波。双工器906可以把所述传输与其他传输分开,并且把所述传输导向低噪声放大器(“LNA”) 908。混频器928借助于本地振荡器912可以把传输(其在一些实施例中处于毫米波频带中或者是大约38GHz)向下频移到较低频率,不管是用于分布式天线系统的蜂窝频带(~1.9GHz)、固有频率还是用于回传系统的其他频率。提取器932可以提取出对应于天线或其他输出组件922的子载波上的信号,并且把所述信号导向输出组件922。对于在该天线位置处没有被提取的信号,提取器932可以将其重定向到另一个混频器936,所述信号在该处被用来对由本地振荡器914生成的载波进行调制。所述载波与其各个子载波被导向功率放大器(“PA”) 916,并且由波导耦合设备904通过双工器920重传到另一个转发器系统。
在输出设备922(分布式天线系统中的天线)处,PA 924可以增强信号以供传送到移动设备。LNA 926可以被用来放大接收自移动设备的微弱信号并且随后把所述信号发送到多路复用器934,所述多路复用器934把所述信号与已经接收自波导耦合设备904的信号合并。接收自耦合设备904的信号已通过双工器920被分离,并且随后传递经过LNA 918,并且通过混频器938被向下频移。当各个信号通过多路复用器934被组合时,其通过混频器930被向上频移,并且随后由 PA 910增强,并且通过波导耦合设备902被传送回到发动器(1auncher)或者被传送到另一个转发器上。在一个实施例中,双向转发器系统900可以仅仅是不具有天线/输出设备922的转发器。应当认识到,在一些实施例中,双向转发器系统900还可以利用两个不同并且分开的单向转发器来实施。在一个替换实施例中,双向转发器系统900还可以是增强器(booster)或者在没有向下频移和向上频移的情况下实施重传。实际上在示例性实施例中,所述重传可以基于接收到信号或导波,并且在所述信号或导波的重传之前实施某种信号或导波处理或重整形、滤波和/或放大。
现在参照图10A、10B和10C,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的开槽波导耦合器系统1000的示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。在图10A中,所述波导耦合器系统包括相对于波导1002被定位的连线1006,从而使得连线1006装配在形成于波导1002中的开槽内或其附近,其中波导1002相对于连线1004纵向延伸。波导1002的相对末端1004a和1004b以及波导1002本身环绕连线1006的连线表面小于180度。
在图10B中,所述波导耦合器系统包括相对于波导1008被定位的连线1014,从而使得连线1014装配在形成于波导1008中的开槽内或其附近,其中波导1008相对于连线1004纵向延伸。波导1008的开槽表面可以是非平行的,并且在图10B中示出了两个不同的示例性实施例。在第一示例性实施例中,开槽表面1010a和1010b可以是非平行的并且指向朝外,从而略宽于连线1014的宽度。在另一个实施例中,开槽表面1012a和1012b仍然可以是非平行的,但是收窄形成小于连线1014的宽度的开槽开口。非平行开槽表面的任何角度范围都是可能的,这仅仅是其中的两个示例性实施例。
在图10C中,所述波导耦合器系统示出了装配在形成于波导1016 中的开槽内的连线1020。该示例性实施例中的开槽表面1018a和1018b 可以是平行的,但是连线1020的轴1026不与波导1016的轴1024对准。波导1016和连线1020因此并不同轴对准。在所示出的另一个实施例中,1022处的连线的可能位置也具有不与波导1016的轴1024对准的轴1028。
应当认识到,虽然在图10A、10B和10C中分别示出了三个不同的实施例,其中所述三个实施例示出了a)环绕连线小于180度的波导表面、b)非平行开槽表面、以及c)同轴非对准连线和波导,但是在各个实施例中,可能有所列出的特征的多种组合。
现在参照图11,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统1100的一个示例性、非限制性实施例。图11描绘出在图2、3、 4等等中示出的波导和连线实施例的剖面表示。如在1100中可见,连线1104可以被直接定位到波导1102的旁边并且接触波导1102。在其他实施例中,如图12中的波导耦合系统1200中所示,连线1204仍然可以被放置在附近,但是并不实际接触波导条带1202。在全部两种情况下,沿着波导行进的电磁波可以将其他电磁波感生到连线上并且反之亦然。此外,在全部两个实施例中,连线1104和1204被放置在由波导1102和1202的外部表面定义的剖面区域的外部。
出于本公开内容的目的,当波导没有环绕在剖面中看到的连线表面的多于180度的轴向区段时,波导不大部分环绕连线的连线表面。为了避免疑问,当波导环绕在剖面中看到的连线表面的180度或更小的轴向区段时,波导不大部分环绕连线的表面。
应当认识到,虽然图11和12示出了具有圆形形状的连线1104和 1204以及具有矩形形状的波导1102和1202,但是这并非意图作出限制。在其他实施例中,连线和波导可以具有多种形状、尺寸和配置。所述形状可以包括而不限于:椭圆形或其他类椭圆形状、八边形、四边形或具有尖锐或圆化边缘的其他多边形或者其他形状。此外,在一些实施例中,连线1104和1204可以是包括更小量规连线的多股绞线,比如螺旋绞股、编股或者将各个单独绞股耦合成单一连线的其他耦合。在附图中示出并且在本公开内容中描述的任何连线和波导可以包括这些实施例当中的一个或多个实施例。
图13结合前面提到的系统示出了一个处理。图13中的处理例如可以通过分别在图1-9中示出的系统100、200、300、400、500、600、 700、800和900来实施。虽然为了解释简单起见将所述处理示出并且描述成一系列方块,但是应当理解并且认识到的是,所要求保护的主题内容不限于所述方块的顺序,这是因为一些方块可以按照与这里所描绘和描述的顺序不同的顺序发生并且/或者与其他方块并发地发生。此外,并不需要所有所示出的方块来实施后文中所描述的方法。
图13示出了一种利用这里所描述的电介质波导耦合器对传输进行传送的方法的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1300 可以在1302处开始,其中由传送设备发射第一电磁波以作为至少部分地在波导的波导表面上传播的导波,其中所述波导的波导表面不整个或大部分环绕连线的连线表面。由传送器生成的传输可以基于接收自基站设备、接入点、网络、移动设备或其他信号来源的信号。
在1304处,基于邻近连线配置或定位波导,导波随后把第一电磁波的至少一部分耦合到连线表面,从而形成至少部分地环绕连线表面传播的第二电磁波(例如表面波),其中连线与波导邻近。这可以响应于把电介质波导的一部分(例如电介质波导的曲线的切线)定位在连线附近并且与之平行而实现,其中电磁波的波长小于连线和电介质波导的周长。即使当连线弯曲和屈曲时,导波(或表面波)仍然与连线保持平行。弯曲可能会增加传输损耗,这还取决于连线直径、频率和材料。连线与波导之间的耦合接口还可以被配置成实现这里所描述的所期望的耦合水平,这可以包括锥化波导的末端以改进波导与连线之间的阻抗匹配。
由传送器发射的传输可能表现出一种或多种波导模式。波导模式可以取决于波导的形状和/或设计。由于波导和连线的不同特性,连线上的传播模式可以不同于波导模式。当连线的周长在尺寸上与传输的波长是可比较的或者大于其波长时,导波表现出多种波传播模式。因此,导波可以包括多于一种类型的电和磁场配置。随着导波(例如表面波)沿着连线向下传播,电和磁场配置从连线的一个末端到另一个末端可以保持基本上相同,或者随着传输由于旋转、分散、衰减或其他效应经过所述波,电和磁场配置从连线的一个末端到另一个末端可以发生变化。
图14是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导系统1402的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。波导系统1402可以包括传感器 1404、电力管理系统1405、波导1406以及通信接口1408。
根据在本发明的主题公开内容中所描述的实施例,波导系统1402 可以耦合到输电线1410以促进数据通信。在一个示例性实施例中,波导1406可以包括比如图5中示出的系统500的全部或一部分,以用于在输电线1410的表面上感生出沿着输电线1410的表面纵向传播的电磁波,正如在本发明的主题公开内容中所描述的那样。在图2-4和6 中示出了用于把波导1406耦合到输电线1410的非限制性技术。波导 1406还可以充当转发器,以用于在相同的输电线1410上重传电磁波或者用于在输电线1410之间路由电磁波,正如在图7-8中所示出的那样。
在一个示例性实施例中,通信接口1408可以包括图5中示出的通信接口501。通信接口1408耦合到波导1406,以用于把操作在原始频率处的信号上变频到操作在载波频率处的电磁波,所述电磁波在波导1406的耦合设备(比如图5的电介质502)的表面上传播,并且感生出在输电线1410的表面上传播的相应电磁波。输电线1410可以是具有导电表面或绝缘表面的连线(例如单股或多股)。通信接口1408 还可以接收来自波导1406的信号,其已从操作在载波频率处的电磁波被下变频到其原始频率处的信号。
由通信接口1408接收到的用于上变频的信号可以包括而不限于:由中心局1411通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口提供的信号,由基站1414通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口提供的信号,由移动设备1420传送到基站1414以用于通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口递送的无线信号,由建筑物内通信设备1418通过通信接口1408的有线或无线接口提供的信号,以及/或者由在通信接口1408的无线通信范围内漫游的移动设备1412提供到通信接口1408的无线信号。在如图7-8中所示的其中波导系统1402充当转发器的实施例中,通信接口1408可以不被包括在波导系统1402中。
沿着输电线1410的表面传播的电磁波可以被调制并且格式化成包括数据分组或帧,所述数据分组或帧包括数据有效载荷并且还包括联网信息(比如用于标识一个或多个目的地波导系统1402的报头信息)。所述联网信息可以由波导系统1402或始发设备提供,所述始发设备比如是中心局1411、基站1414、移动设备1420或建筑物内设备 1418或者其组合。此外,已调电磁波可以包括用于缓解信号干扰的纠错数据。所述联网信息和纠错数据可以由目的地波导系统1402使用来检测被导向该处的传输,并且用于对包括被导向可通信地耦合到目的地波导系统1402的接收方通信设备的语音和/或数据信号的传输进行下变频以及利用纠错数据对其进行处理。
现在参照波导系统1402的传感器1404,传感器1404可以包括以下各项当中的一项或多项:温度传感器1404a、干扰检测传感器1404b、能量损耗传感器1404c、噪声传感器1404d、振动传感器1404e、环境 (例如天气)传感器1404f和/或图像传感器1404g。温度传感器1404a 可以被用来测量周围环境温度、波导1406的温度、输电线1410的温度、温度差(例如与设定点或基线相比、1406与1410之间等等)或者其任意组合。在一个实施例中,可以收集温度量度并且通过基站 1414周期性地向网络管理系统1601报告。
干扰检测传感器1404b可以在输电线1410上实施测量以便检测例如信号反射之类的干扰,所述信号反射可以表明存在可能会阻碍电磁波在输电线1410上的传播的下游干扰。信号反射可以表示例如从波导 1406在输电线1410上传送的电磁波所导致的失真,其中所述电磁波从位于波导1406下游的输电线1410中的干扰全部或部分地反射回到波导1406。
信号反射可能会由输电线1410上的障碍物导致。举例来说,图 15(A)中示出的树枝当搭在输电线1410上时可能会导致电磁波反射,或者当紧邻输电线1410时可能会导致电晕放电1502。关于可能导致电磁波反射的障碍物的其他图示可以包括而不限于:如图15(C)中所示出的纠缠在输电线1410上的物体1506(例如衣物、通过鞋带缠绕在输电线1410上的鞋等等),如图15(F)中所示出的输电线1410 上的腐蚀累积1512,或者如图15(G)中所示出的结冰累积1514。电网组件也可能会与电磁波在输电线1410表面上的传输发生干扰。关于可能导致信号反射的电网组件的图示包括而不限于图15(B)中示出的变压器1504以及例如图15(E)中示出的用于连接搭接的输电线的接头1510。如图15(D)中所示出的输电线1410上的尖锐角度1508 也可能会导致电磁波反射。
干扰检测传感器1404b可以包括用以把电磁波反射的量值与波导 1406所传送的原始电磁波的量值进行比较的电路,以便确定输电线 1410中的下游干扰使得传输发生衰减的程度。干扰检测传感器1404b 还可以包括用于在反射波上实施频谱分析的频谱分析器电路。可以通过模式识别(pattern recognition)、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或者其他人工智能、分类或比较技术把频谱分析器电路所生成的频谱数据与频谱简档进行比较,以便例如基于与频谱数据最密切地匹配的频谱简档识别出干扰的类型。频谱简档可以被存储在干扰检测传感器1404b的存储器中,或者可以由干扰检测传感器1404b远程访问。所述简档可以包括对于可能在输电线1410上遇到的不同干扰进行建模的频谱数据,以便允许干扰检测传感器1404b在本地识别出干扰。关于干扰的识别(如果已知的话)可以通过基站1414被报告到网络管理系统1601。干扰检测传感器1404b还可以利用波导1406来传送作为测试信号的电磁波,以便确定用于电磁波反射的往返时间。由干扰检测传感器1404b测量的往返时间可以被用来计算电磁波直到发生反射的点所行进的距离,从而允许干扰检测传感器1404b计算从波导 1406到输电线1410上的下游干扰的距离。
所计算的距离可以通过基站1414被报告到网络管理系统1601。在一个实施例中,波导系统1402在输电线1410上的位置可以是网络管理系统1601所知道的,网络管理系统1601可以使用所述位置基于电网的已知拓扑确定输电线1410上的干扰的位置。在另一个实施例中,波导系统1402可以将其位置提供到网络管理系统1601,以便帮助确定输电线1410上的干扰的位置。波导系统1402的位置可以由波导系统1402从存储在波导系统1402的存储器中的波导系统1402的预先编程的位置获得,或者波导系统1402可以使用包括在波导系统1402 中的GPS接收器(未示出)确定其位置。
电力管理系统1405为波导系统1402的前面提到的组件提供能量。电力管理系统1405可以从太阳能电池或者从耦合到输电线1410的变压器(未示出)接收能量,或者通过到输电线1410或另一条附近输电线的电感耦合接收能量。电力管理系统1405还可以包括用于为波导系统1402提供临时电力的备用电池以及/或者超级电容器或其他电容器电路。能量损耗传感器1404c可以被用来检测波导系统1402何时存在电力损耗状况以及/或者某种其他故障的发生。举例来说,能量损耗传感器1404c可以检测:何时由于有缺陷的太阳能电池而存在电力损耗,导致太阳能电池发生故障的太阳能电池上的障碍物,输电线1410上的电力损耗,以及/或者何时由于备用电池的过期而发生备用电力系统故障,或者超级电容器中的可检测到的缺陷。当发生故障和/或电力损耗时,能量损耗传感器1404c可以通过基站1414通知网络管理系统 1601。
噪声传感器1404d可以被用来测量输电线1410上的噪声,所述噪声可能会对输电线1410上的电磁波的传输造成不利影响。噪声传感器 1404d可以感测预期之外的电磁干扰、噪声突发或者可能会打断已调电磁波在输电线1410的表面上的传输的其他干扰来源。噪声突发例如可能是由电晕放电或其他噪声来源所导致的。噪声传感器1404d可以通过模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或者其他人工智能、分类或比较技术把所测量的噪声与噪声简档进行比较,其中所述噪声简档是由波导系统1402从噪声简档的内部数据库或者从存储噪声简档的位于远处的数据库获得的。通过所述比较,噪声传感器1404d可以例如基于提供与所测量的噪声的最密切匹配的噪声简档而识别出噪声来源(例如电晕放电或其他噪声来源)。噪声传感器1404d还可以通过测量例如误比特率、分组丢失率、抖动、分组重传请求等传输量度来检测噪声如何影响传输。噪声传感器1404d可以通过基站1414 特别向网络管理系统1601报告噪声来源的身份、其发生时间以及传输量度。
振动传感器1404e可以包括用以检测输电线1410上的2D或3D振动的加速度计和/或陀螺仪。可以通过模式识别、专家系统、曲线拟合、匹配滤波或者其他人工智能、分类或比较技术把所述振动与振动简档进行比较,其中所述振动简档可以被本地存储在波导系统1402中或者可以由波导系统1402从远程数据库获得。例如基于提供与所测量的振动的最密切匹配的振动简档,振动简档例如可以被用来区分倒下的树与阵风。这一分析的结果可以由振动传感器1404e通过基站1414报告到网络管理系统1601。
环境传感器1404f可以包括特别用于测量大气压、周围环境温度(其可以由温度传感器1404a提供)、风速、湿度、风向以及降雨的气压计。环境传感器1404f可以收集未经处理的信息并且通过将其与环境简档进行比较来处理该信息,以便在天气状况发生之前预测天气状况,其中所述环境简档可以从波导系统1402的存储器或者从远程数据库获得,所述比较可以是通过模式识别、专家系统、基于知识的系统或者其他人工智能、分类或其他天气建模和预测技术而进行的。环境传感器1404f可以将未经处理的数据及其分析报告到网络管理系统 1601。
图像传感器1404g可以是用于捕获波导系统1402附近的图像的数字摄影机(例如电荷耦合器件或CCD成像器、红外摄影机等等)。图像传感器1404g可以包括用以控制摄影机的移动(例如实际位置或焦点/变焦)的机电机制,以用于从多个视角(例如顶表面、底表面、左表面、右表面等等)检查输电线1410。或者,图像传感器1404g可以被设计成使得不需要机电机制以获得所述多个视角。可以通过网络管理系统1601来控制由图像传感器1404g生成的成像数据的收集和取回,或者可以由图像传感器1404g自主收集并且报告到网络管理系统 1601。
波导系统1402可以利用可能适合于收集与波导系统1402和/或输电线1410相关联的遥测信息的其他传感器,以用于检测、预测和/或缓解可能阻碍输电线1410(或者任何其他形式的电磁波传输介质)上的电磁波传输的干扰的目的。
图16是示出根据这里所描述的各个方面的用于管理电网1603和嵌入在其中的通信系统1605的系统1600的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的方块图。通信系统1605包括耦合到电网1603的输电线1410 的多个波导系统1402。使用在通信系统1605中的波导系统1402的至少一部分可以与基站1414和/或网络管理系统1601直接通信。未直接连接到基站1414或网络管理系统1601的波导系统1402可以通过连接到基站1414或网络管理系统1601的其他下游波导系统1402与基站 1414或网络管理系统1601进行通信会话。
网络管理系统1601可以可通信地耦合到公用事业公司1602的装备和通信服务提供商1604的装备,以便分别为每一个实体提供与电网 1603和通信系统1605相关联的状态信息。网络管理系统1601、公用事业公司1602的装备以及通信服务提供商1604可以访问由公用事业公司工作人员1606所利用的通信设备和/或由通信服务提供商工作人员1608所利用的通信设备,以用于提供状态信息和/或指导这样的工作人员管理电网1603和/或通信系统1605的目的。
图17A示出了用于检测和缓解发生在图16的系统1600的通信网络中的干扰的方法1700的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的流程图。方法1700可以开始于步骤1702,其中波导系统1402传送和接收消息,所述消息被嵌入在沿着输电线1410的表面行进的已调电磁波或另一种类型的电磁波中或者构成其一部分。所述消息可以是语音消息、流送视频以及/或者在可通信地耦合到通信系统1605的通信设备之间交换的其他数据/信息。在步骤1704处,波导系统1402的传感器1404 可以收集感测数据。在一个实施例中,可以在步骤1702中的消息传送和/或接收之前、期间或之后在步骤1704中收集感测数据。在步骤1706 处,波导系统1402(或传感器1404本身)可以从感测数据确定可能会影响源自(例如由其传送)波导系统1402或者由波导系统1402接收的通信的通信系统1605中的干扰的实际或预测发生。波导系统1402 (或传感器1404)可以对温度数据、信号反射数据、能量损耗数据、噪声数据、振动数据、环境数据或者其任意组合进行处理以作出这一确定。波导系统1402(或传感器1404)还可以检测、识别、估计或预测干扰的来源和/或其在通信系统1605中的位置。如果在步骤1708 中没有检测到/识别出或者预测到/估计出干扰,则波导系统1402可以继续到步骤1702,其中波导系统1402继续传送和接收嵌入在沿着输电线1410的表面行进的已调电磁波中或者构成其一部分的消息。
如果在步骤1708处检测到/识别出干扰或者预测/估计会发生干扰,则波导系统1402继续到步骤1710以便确定所述干扰是否会对通信系统1605中的消息传送或接收造成不利影响(或者确定是否可能会造成不利影响或者可能造成不利影响的程度)。在一个实施例中,可以在步骤1710中使用持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值来确定干扰何时会对通信系统1605中的通信造成不利影响。仅出于说明的目的,假设持续时间阈值被设定到500ms,发生频率阈值则被设定到在10秒的观测时段内发生5次干扰。因此,具有大于500ms的持续时间的干扰将触发所述持续时间阈值。此外,在一个10秒时间间隔内发生多于5 次的任何干扰将触发所述发生频率阈值。
在一个实施例中,当仅有持续时间阈值被超出时,可以认为干扰会对通信系统1605中的信号完整性造成不利影响。在另一个实施例中,当持续时间阈值和发生频率阈值都被超出时,可以认为干扰会对通信系统1605中的信号完整性造成不利影响。因此,与前一个实施例相比,后一个实施例在对通信系统1605中的信号完整性造成不利影响的干扰的分类方面更加保守。应当认识到,根据示例性实施例,对于步骤1710可以利用许多其他算法以及相关联的参数和阈值。
回到方法1700,如果在步骤1708处检测到的干扰在步骤1710处不满足对应于受到不利影响的通信的条件(例如既没有超出持续时间阈值也没有超出发生频率阈值),则波导系统1402可以继续到步骤 1702并且继续处理消息。举例来说,如果在步骤1708中检测到的干扰具有1ms的持续时间并且在一个10秒时间段内只发生一次,则两个阈值都未被超出。因此,这样的干扰可以被认为具有对通信系统1605 中的信号完整性的标称影响,因此将不会被标记成需要缓解的干扰。虽然未被标记,但是干扰的发生、其发生时间、其发生频率、频谱数据和/或其他有用的信息可以作为遥测数据被报告到网络管理系统 1601以用于监测目的。
回到步骤1710,如果另一方面干扰满足对应于受到不利影响的通信的条件(例如超出任一个或全部两个阈值),则波导系统1402可以继续到步骤1712并且将所述事件报告到网络管理系统1601。所述报告可以包括由传感器1404收集的未经处理的感测数据,关于干扰的描述(如果为波导系统1402所知的话),干扰的发生时间,干扰的发生频率,与干扰相关联的位置,比如误比特率、分组丢失率、重传请求、抖动、等待时间之类的参数读数。如果干扰基于波导系统1402的一个或多个传感器的预测,则所述报告可以包括预期的干扰类型,并且如果可以预测的话还可以包括干扰的预期发生时间,并且当预测基于由波导系统1402的传感器1404所收集的历史感测数据时还可以包括预测干扰的预期发生频率。
在步骤1714处,网络管理系统1601可以确定缓解、规避或校正技术,其中可以包括在能够确定干扰位置的情况下引导波导系统1402 对通信量进行重路由以便规避干扰。在一个实施例中,检测到干扰的波导系统1402可以引导如图18A中所示出的转发器1802把波导系统 1402从受到干扰影响的主要输电线1804连接到次要输电线1806,以便允许波导系统1402把通信量重定向到不同的传输介质并且避免干扰1801。在其中波导系统1402被配置成转发器(比如转发器1802) 的一个实施例中,波导系统1402可以自身实施把通信量从主要输电线 1804重定向到次要输电线1806。还应当提到的是,对于双向通信(例如全双工或半双工通信),转发器1802可以被配置成把通信量从次要输电线1806重定向回到主要输电线1804以供波导系统1402进行处理。
在另一个实施例中,通过以避免如图18B中所示出的干扰1801的方式指示处于干扰上游的第一转发器1812和处于干扰下游的第二转发器1814把通信量从主要输电线1804临时重定向到次要输电线1806 并且回到主要输电线1804,波导系统1402可以对通信量进行重定向。还应当提到的是,对于双向通信(例如全双工或半双工通信),转发器1812和1814可以被配置成把通信量从次要输电线1806重路由回到主要输电线1804。
为了避免打断发生在次要输电线1806上的现有通信会话,网络管理系统1601可以引导(图18A-18B的实施例中的)波导系统1402指示(多个)转发器利用次要输电线1806的未被使用的(多个)时隙和 /或(多个)频带把数据和/或语音通信量重定向离开主要输电线1804 以规避干扰1801。
在步骤1716处,当对通信量进行重路由以避免干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以通知公用事业公司1602的装备和/或通信服务提供商1604的装备,所述装备又可以向公用事业公司的工作人员1606和/或通信服务提供商的工作人员1608通知所检测到的干扰及其位置(如果已知的话)。来自任一方的现场工作人员可以在所确定的干扰位置处解决干扰。一旦由公用事业公司的工作人员和/或通信服务提供商的工作人员移除或通过其他方式缓解了干扰,这样的工作人员可以利用可通信地耦合到网络管理系统1601的现场装备(例如膝上型计算机、智能电话等等)以及/或者公用事业公司和/或通信服务提供商的装备通知其对应的公司和/或网络管理系统1601。所述通知可以包括关于干扰如何被缓解以及可能改变通信系统1605的拓扑的针对输电线1410 的任何改变的描述。
一旦干扰被解决,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1720处引导波导系统1402恢复由波导系统1402使用的先前的路由配置,或者如果被用来缓解干扰的恢复策略导致通信系统1605的新的网络拓扑,则根据新的路由配置对通信量进行路由。在另一个实施例中,波导系统 1402可以被配置成通过在输电线1410上传送测试信号以便确定干扰何时已被移除来监测对于干扰的缓解。一旦波导1402检测到已不存在干扰,如果其确定通信系统1605的网络拓扑没有发生改变则可以在无需网络管理系统1601的帮助的情况下自主恢复其路由配置,或者其可以利用适配于所检测到的新网络拓扑的新路由配置。
图17B示出了用于检测和缓解发生在图16的系统1600的通信网络中的干扰的方法1750的一个示例性、非限制性实施例的流程图。在一个实施例中,方法1750可以开始于步骤1752,其中网络管理系统 1601从公用事业公司1602的装备或者通信服务提供商1604的装备接收与维护时间表相关联的维护信息。网络管理系统1601可以在步骤 1754处从所述维护信息识别将在维护时间表期间实施的维护活动。网络管理系统1601可以从这些活动中检测由于维护所导致的干扰(例如输电线1410的预定更换、输电线1410上的波导系统1402的预定更换、电网1603中的输电线1410的预定重新配置等等)。
在另一个实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1755处接收来自一个或多个波导系统1402的遥测信息。所述遥测信息特别可以包括:提交遥测信息的每一个波导系统1402的身份,由每一个波导系统 1402的传感器1404进行的测量,与每一个波导系统1402的传感器 1404所检测到的预期、估计或实际干扰有关的信息,与每一个波导系统1402相关联的位置信息,所检测到的干扰的估计位置,对干扰的识别等等。网络管理系统1601可以从所述遥测信息确定可能对于波导的操作、电磁波沿着连线表面的传输等等是不利的干扰类型。网络管理系统1601还可以使用来自多个波导系统1402的遥测信息来隔离和识别干扰。此外,网络管理系统1601可以从处于受到影响的波导系统 1402附近的波导系统1402请求遥测信息,以便通过接收来自其他波导系统1402的类似遥测信息对干扰的位置进行三角定位并且/或者验证对干扰的识别。
在另一个实施例中,网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1756处接收来自维护现场工作人员的非预定活动报告。非预定维护可以作为计划外的现场出勤(call)的结果而发生,或者作为在现场出勤或预定维护活动期间所发现的预期之外的现场问题的结果而发生。活动报告可以标识出从正在解决通信系统1605和/或电网1603中所发现的问题的现场工作人员所得到的针对电网1603的拓扑配置的改变,针对一个或多个波导系统1402的改变(比如更换或修复),所实施的干扰缓解(如果有的话)等等。
在步骤1758处,网络管理系统1601可以从根据步骤1752到1756 接收到的报告确定是否将基于维护时间表而发生干扰,或者基于遥测数据确定干扰是否已发生或者预测会发生,或者确定是否由于在现场活动报告中标识出的计划外维护而发生了干扰。网络管理系统1601 可以从这些报告当中的任何报告确定所检测到或预测到的干扰是否需要由通信系统1605的受到影响的波导系统1402或其他波导系统1402 对通信量进行重路由。
当在步骤1758处检测到或预测到干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以继续到步骤1760,其中所述网络管理系统1601可以引导一个或多个波导系统1402对通信量进行重路由以规避类似于图18A或18B的图示的干扰。当由于电网1603的永久性拓扑改变而存在永久性的干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以继续到步骤1770并且跳过步骤1762、 1764、1766和1772。在步骤1770处,网络管理系统1601可以引导一个或多个波导系统1402使用适配于新拓扑的新路由配置。但是当已经从一个或多个波导系统1402所提供的遥测信息检测到干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以向公用事业公司1606或通信服务提供商1608的维护工作人员通知干扰的位置、干扰的类型(如果已知的话)以及可能有助于这样的工作人员缓解干扰的有关信息。当由于维护活动而预期会有干扰时,网络管理系统1601可以引导一个或多个波导系统1402按照(与维护时间表相一致的)给定时间表重新配置通信量路由,以避免由维护时间表期间的维护活动所导致的干扰。
回到步骤1760,并且在该步骤完成时,所述处理可以继续步骤 1762。在步骤1762处,网络管理系统1601可以监测(多项)干扰何时已被现场工作人员缓解。通过分析由现场工作人员利用现场装备(例如膝上型计算机或手持式计算机/设备)经由通信网络(例如蜂窝通信系统)提交到网络管理系统1601的现场报告,可以在步骤1762处检测干扰的缓解。如果现场工作人员报告了干扰已被缓解,则网络管理系统1601可以继续到步骤1764,以便从现场报告确定是否需要拓扑改变以缓解干扰。拓扑改变可以包括对输电线1410进行重路由,重新配置波导系统1402以利用不同的输电线1410,通过其他方式利用替换的链路以绕过干扰等等。如果拓扑改变已发生,则网络管理系统 1601可以在步骤1770处引导一个或多个波导系统1402使用适配于新拓扑的新路由配置。
但是如果还没有由现场工作人员报告拓扑改变,则网络管理系统 1601可以继续到步骤1766,其中网络管理系统1601可以引导一个或多个波导系统1402发送测试信号以便测试在所检测到的(多项)干扰之前所使用的路由配置。测试信号可以被发送到干扰附近的受到影响的波导系统1402。测试信号可以被用来确定信号干扰(例如电磁波反射)是否由任何波导系统1402检测到。如果测试信号证实先前的路由配置不再受到先前检测到的(多项)干扰,则网络管理系统1601可以在步骤1772处引导受到影响的波导系统1402恢复先前的路由配置。但是如果由一个或多个波导系统1402分析并且被报告到网络管理系统1601的测试信号表明存在所述(多项)干扰或者(多项)新的干扰,则网络管理系统1601将继续到步骤1768并且将该信息报告给现场工作人员以便进一步解决现场问题。在这种情况下,网络管理系统1601 可以继续监测步骤1762处的(多项)干扰的缓解。
在前面提到的实施例中,波导系统1402可以被配置成自适配于电网1603中的改变和/或干扰的缓解。也就是说,一个或多个受到影响的波导系统1402可以被配置成自监测干扰的缓解并且重新配置通信量路由,而不需要由网络管理系统1601向其发送指令。在该实施例中,所述可以自配置的一个或多个波导系统1402可以向网络管理系统 1601通知其路由选择,从而使得网络管理系统1601可以保持关于通信系统1605的通信拓扑的宏观层次的视图。
虽然为了解释简单起见在图17A和17B中分别作为一系列方块示出并且描绘出对应的处理,但是应当理解并且认识到的是,所要求保护的主题内容不受限于所述方块的顺序,这是因为一些方块可以按照与这里所描绘和描述的顺序不同的顺序发生并且/或者与其他方块并发地发生。此外,并不需要所有所示出的方块来实施这里所描述的方法。
图19A-19C所描绘的方块图示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的波导耦合系统的示例性、非限制性实施例。图19A-19C不一定是按比例绘制的。图19A描绘出包括波导1902、通信设备1904、天线1906 和线圈1908的波导系统1900。在一个实施例中,波导1902可以包括电介质材料或者其他低损耗绝缘体(例如聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯等等)。在另一个实施例中,波导1902可以包括导电材料。在另一个实施例中,波导1902可以包括前述材料的组合。虽然没有示出,但是波导1902 的尖部1901可以在一个或多个轴中被锥化(如图4中示出的锥化末端) 或者通过其他方式被圆化或斜切,以便减少可能导致波导1902与传输介质之间的耦合损耗的电磁波反射,所述传输介质比如有输电线、同轴电缆、双绞线电缆、管道或者能够在传输介质的表面上传播电磁波的其他适当的介质,正如在本发明的主题公开内容中所描述的那样。应当提到的是,波导与连线或其他传输介质之间的联结可以包括或者不包括气隙。
在一个实施例中,通信设备1904可以仅包括传送器,从而把波导系统1900配置成仅传送电磁波的设备。在另一个实施例中,通信设备 1904可以仅包括接收器,从而把波导系统1900配置成仅接收电磁波的设备。在另一个实施例中,通信设备1904可以同时包括传送器和接收器,从而把波导系统1900配置成例如用于双向通信的电磁波收发器设备。作为电磁波收发器设备,通信设备1904可以包括如图5中所示的收发器电路503,其可以把电信号转换成电磁波(传送器功能)并且把电磁波转换成电信号(接收器功能)。作为仅传送电磁波的设备,通信设备1904可以仅包括收发器电路503的传送器功能。作为仅接收电磁波的设备,通信设备1904可以仅包括收发器电路503的接收器功能。在其他实施例中,通信设备1904可以包括图9的双向转发器系统 900的收发器电路的全部或某些部分。
在一个实施例中,通信设备1904还可以包括图5的通信接口501,所述通信接口501可以利用其自身的收发器电路以用于通过系绳接口与基站520和/或建筑物内设备524进行通信。在另一个实施例中,通信接口501可以由通信设备1904使用来通过RF接口与基站520、建筑物内设备524或移动设备522进行通信。在一个实施例中,通信接口501可以包括系绳接口1920,比如光纤线缆、同轴电缆或者用于有线通信的其他适当的线缆或连线。在一个实施例中,通信接口501可以包括天线1930,其用于通过从800MHz到毫米RF信号(例如 30-300GHz)或其他微波信号的RF频率范围进行RF通信(例如LTE)。应当认识到,虽然在示例性配置中示出了天线1930,但是在不背离示例性实施例的情况下许多其他的配置也是可用的,其中包括超出波导系统1900本身的范围或者通过其他方式与之分开(例如不与之集成在一起)的配置。通信设备1904的收发器电路503和/或通信接口501 的全部或一部分可以被容纳在集成电路封装中,所述集成电路封装可以具有电气耦合到天线1906、天线1930和系绳接口1920的一个或多个馈送点的一个或多个外部引脚。通信设备1904还可以使用耦合到线圈1908的电力管理电路以便通过感应方式从处于通信设备1904附近的输电线接收能量。电力管理电路可以使用已知的技术把通过线圈 1908接收到的能量转换成为通信设备1904供电的DC能量。虽然未示出,但是通信设备1904可以包括存储指令的存储器以及执行指令的处理器电路(例如微处理器)。所述指令可以被配置成实施如在本发明的主题公开内容的功能。在一个实施例中,所述处理器和存储器也可以被容纳在集成电路封装中。
在一个实施例中,通信设备1904、天线1906和线圈1908可以被布置在印刷电路板(PCB)1903上,其具有通过焊接材料或者其他粘性/导电材料连接到通信设备1904的接触引脚的接触件。PCB上的接触件可以连接到用于把通信设备1904连接到天线1906和1930、线圈1908以及系绳接口1920的连接器的迹线和/或通孔。如图19A中所示, PCB 1930又可以被布置在波导1902的外部表面上,并且通过PCB 1930 与波导1902之间的粘合剂被固定。在其他实施例中,如图19B和19C 中所示,如果在波导1902上提供了接触件以便允许通信设备1904与天线1906和1930、线圈1908和系绳接口1920的连接器发生接触,则可以利用例如胶水和/或焊料之类的粘附材料把通信设备1904、天线1906、线圈1908和系绳接口1920的连接器直接布置在波导1902 上。
天线1906可以是用于发射由通信设备1904生成的电磁波的贴片或微带天线。类似地,天线1906可以被用于接收在波导1902的表面上传播的电磁波,并且将其转换成被供应到通信设备1904的电信号。所述贴片微带天线可以被配置成用于毫米波或其他微波电磁波通信。天线1930可以是高频天线结构。在一个实施例中,天线1930可以被用于3G和/或4G蜂窝频率(例如800MHz到2.5GHz)。在一个实施例中,天线1930可以被用于毫米RF通信(例如20GHz或更高)。基于所期望的(多个)操作频率范围,天线1930的许多变型是可能的。
在另一个实施例中,如图19B中所示,波导系统1900可以具有被嵌入在波导1902的材料(电介质材料)中的天线1906,其通过迹线和/或通孔1909连接到通信设备1904。在该实施例中,天线1906还可以是贴片或微带天线,但是也可以利用其他类型的天线。在另一个实施例中,如图19C中所示,波导系统1900可以具有环绕波导1902 的一部分的天线1910,其通过一个或多个导电条1907连接到通信设备1904。在一个实施例中,天线1910充当波导天线,其传送在天线 1910的内部表面上传播的电磁波。天线1906和1910还可以被用于接收在波导1902的表面上传播的电磁波,所述电磁波被转换成供应到通信设备1904的电信号。
应当认识到,可以使用允许传送或接收电磁波的对应于天线1906、 1908和1910的其他配置以替代图19A、19B和19C中示出的结构。还应当提到的是,波导系统1900可以被布置在其他结构上。举例来说,参见图20,当如前所述在传输介质2002(比如输电线402)的表面上有接触件可用时,可以使用粘附材料和/或焊料把波导系统1900被布置在所述传输介质上。在该实施例中,传输介质2002的外部表面可以是例如电介质材料之类的绝缘材料。图20不一定是按比例绘制的。
图19A-19C和图20的波导系统1900的各个实施例可以被配置成通过RF或系绳接口从来源(例如基站520、通信设备522、建筑物内设备524)接收信号。通信设备1904可以把这些信号转换成通过天线 1906、1908或1910传送的第一电磁波。第一电磁波耦合到波导1902的外部表面上,并且在波导1902的外部表面上纵向传播。波导1902 可以被定位在传输介质(比如图4中示出的输电线402)附近,以便允许第一电磁波至少部分地耦合到输电线402的表面,从而生成至少部分地环绕输电线402的外部表面传播的第二电磁波408。
存在多种方式关于传输介质定位波导1902。在一个实施例中,波导1902可以关于传输介质被定位成不与输电线402同轴对准,正如图 10C、11和12中所示出的那样。在一个实施例中,波导1902可以被定位在传输介质的剖面区域的外部或者反之亦然,如图11和12中所示被定位在波导1902的剖面区域的外部。在另一个实施例中,当波导 1902由电介质或绝缘材料构造时,波导1902可以被放置在关于输电线402的任何位置处,其中包括如图10A-10B中所示出的同轴对准位置。
对于在波导1902上传播的电磁波以及在传输介质上传播的电磁波可能有多种传播模式。在一个实施例中,第一电磁波在传输介质上的耦合把这些波变换成具有不同于第一电磁波的传播模式的第二电磁波。举例来说,通信设备1904可以被配置成经由天线1906、1908或 1910发射对称或基本模式的电磁波。当对称或基本模式电磁波耦合到传输介质的外部表面上时被变换成对称(或基本)电磁波和非对称(或非基本)电磁波,其在被组合时形成第二电磁波。其他组合也是可能的。
举例来说,通信设备1904可以被配置成经由天线1906、1908或 1910发射基本与非基本电磁波的组合,其又在传输介质上形成其他基本和非基本电磁波。还有可能配置通信设备1904在波导1902上生成对称(或基本)电磁波,从而在传输介质(例如裸线)上生成对称(或基本)电磁波。
如图6中所示,通信设备1904还可以被配置成根据在传输介质上传播的电磁波与在波导1902上传播的电磁波之间的传播模式的任何前面所提到的组合来接收电磁波。还应当提到的是,图19A-19C和20 的实施例可以与本发明的主题公开内容中所描述的任何实施例一起使用或组合。现在参照图21,其中示出了根据这里所描述的各个方面的计算环境的方块图。为了提供针对这里所描述的各个实施例的附加情境,图21和后面的讨论意图提供关于可以在其中实施本发明的主题公开内容的各个实施例的适当计算环境2100的简要一般性描述。虽然前面在可以运行在一台或多台计算机上的计算机可执行指令的一般情境中描述了所述实施例,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,所述实施例还可以与其他程序模块相组合以及/或者作为硬件与软件的组合来实施。
通常来说,程序模块包括实施特定任务或者实施特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等等。此外,本领域技术人员将认识到,可以通过其他计算机系统配置来实践本发明的方法,其中包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算机、大型计算机以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备、基于微处理器或可编程的消费电子装置等等,其中的任一项可以可操作地耦合到一个或多个相关联的设备。
除非上下文明确地另有所指,否则在权利要求中使用的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等等仅仅是为了进行阐明,而不表明或暗示任何时间顺序。举例来说,“第一确定”、“第二确定”和“第三确定”并不表明或暗示第一确定将在第二确定之前做出或者反之亦然。
这里所示出的实施例还可以被实践在分布式计算环境中,其中特定任务由通过通信网络链路在一起的远程处理设备实施。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地存储器存储设备和远程存储器存储设备两者中。
计算设备通常包括多种介质,其中可以包括计算机可读存储介质和/或通信介质,这两个术语在这里被彼此不同地如下使用。计算机可读存储介质可以是能够由计算机访问的任何可用的存储介质,并且包括易失性和非易失性介质、可移除和不可移除介质。作为举例而非限制,计算机可读存储介质可以结合任何用于存储信息的方法或技术来实施,所述信息比如有计算机可读指令、程序模块、结构化数据或无结构数据。
计算机可读存储介质可以包括而不限于:随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦写可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术,紧致盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字通用盘(DVD) 或其他光盘存储装置,磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储装置或其他磁性存储设备,或者可以被用来存储所期望的信息的其他有形和/或非瞬时性介质。在这方面,这里被应用于存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的术语“有形”或“非瞬时性”应当被理解成作为修饰语仅排除传播瞬时性信号本身,而不放弃对于不仅传播瞬时性信号本身的所有标准存储装置、存储器或计算机可读介质的权利。
计算机可读存储介质可以由一个或多个本地或远程计算设备例如通过访问请求、查询或者其他数据取回协议来访问,以用于关于由所述介质存储的信息的多种操作。
通信介质通常把计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者其他结构化或无结构数据具体实现在例如已调数据信号之类的数据信号中,例如载波或其他传输机制,并且包括任何信息递送或传输介质。术语“已调数据信号”或信号指的是其一项或多项特性被设定或改变以便将信息编码在一个或多个信号中的信号。作为举例而非限制,通信介质包括例如有线网络或直接连线连接之类的有线介质,以及例如声学、RF、红外之类的无线介质以及其他无线介质。
再次参照图21,其中示出了用于通过基站(例如基站设备102、 104或520)或中心局(例如中心局101、1411或2000)传送和接收信号或者构成其至少一部分的示例性环境2100。示例性环境2100的至少一部分可以被用于转发器设备(例如转发器设备710或806)。所述示例性环境可以包括计算机2102,计算机2102包括处理单元 2104、系统存储器2106和系统总线2108。系统总线2108把各个系统组件(其中包括而不限于系统存储器2106)耦合到处理单元2104。处理单元2104可以是多种可以买到的处理器当中的任一种。双微处理器和其他多处理器架构也可以被采用作为处理单元2104。
系统总线2108可以是几种类型的总线结构当中的任一种,其还可以互连到使用多种可以买到的总线架构当中的任一种的存储器总线 (具有或不具有存储器控制器)、外围总线以及本地总线。系统存储器2106包括ROM 2110和RAM 2112。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可以被存储在例如ROM、可擦写可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、EEPROM 之类的非易失性存储器中,所述BIOS包含有助于例如在启动期间在计算机2102内的各个单元之间传输信息的基本例程。RAM 2112还可以包括例如静态RAM之类的高速RAM以用于高速缓存数据。
计算机2102还包括内部硬盘驱动器(HDD)2114(例如EIDE、SATA),所述内部硬盘驱动器2114还可以被配置成用于适当机架(未示出)中的外部使用,并且还包括磁性软盘驱动器(FDD)2116(其例如用以对可移除盘片2118进行读取或写入)和光盘驱动器2120(其例如读取 CD-ROM盘2322,或者对例如DVD之类的其他高容量光学介质进行读取或写入)。硬盘驱动器2114、磁盘驱动器2116和光盘驱动器2120可以分别通过硬盘驱动器接口2124、磁盘驱动器接口2126和光学驱动器接口2128连接到系统总线2108。用于外部驱动实现方式的接口2124 包括通用串行总线(USB)以及电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)1394 接口技术的至少其中之一或全部二者。这里所描述的实施例还设想到其他外部驱动器连接技术。
所述驱动器及其相关联的计算机可读存储介质提供对于数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等等的非易失性存储。对于计算机2102,所述驱动器和存储介质容许按照适当的数字格式存储任何数据。虽然前面关于计算机可读存储介质的描述提到了硬盘驱动器(HDD)、可移除磁盘以及例如CD或DVD之类的可移除光学介质,但是本领域技术人员应当认识到,在所述示例性操作环境中还可以使用可由计算机读取的其他类型的存储介质,比如压缩驱动器、磁盒、闪存卡、卡盒等等,并且任何此类存储介质可以包含用于实施这里所描述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
一定数目的程序模块可以被存储在驱动器和RAM 2112中,其中包括操作系统2130、一个或多个应用程序2132、其他程序模块2134以及程序数据2136。所述操作系统、应用、模块和/或数据的全部或某些部分还可以被高速缓存在RAM 2112中。这里所描述的系统和方法可以利用各种可以买到的操作系统或者操作系统的组合来实施。可以由处理单元2104实施以及通过其他方式执行的应用程序2132的实例包括由转发器设备806实施的分集选择确定。图5中示出的基站设备508 同样在存储器上存储了可以由该示例性计算环境2100中的处理单元2104执行的许多应用和程序。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入设备(例如键盘2138以及鼠标2140之类的定点设备)把命令和信息输入到计算机2102中。其他输入设备(未示出)可以包括麦克风、红外(IR)遥控器、操纵杆、游戏手柄、触笔、触摸屏等等。这些和其他输入设备常常通过可以耦合到系统总线2108的输入设备接口2142连接到处理单元2104,但是也可以通过其他接口连接,比如并行端口、IEEE 1394串行端口、游戏端口、通用串行总线(USB)端口、IR接口等等。
监视器2144或其他类型的显示设备也可以通过例如视频适配器 2146之类的接口连接到系统总线2108。还应当认识到,在替换实施例中,监视器2144还可以是用于通过任何通信装置(包括通过因特网和基于云端的网络)接收与计算机2102相关联的显示信息的任何显示设备(例如具有显示器的另一台计算机、智能电话、平板计算机等等)。除了监视器2144之外,计算机通常还包括其他外围输出设备(未示出),比如扬声器、打印机等等。
计算机2102可以通过到一台或多台远程计算机(比如(多台)远程计算机2148)的有线和/或无线通信使用逻辑连接在联网环境中操作。(多台)远程计算机2148可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐电器、对等设备或其他常见网络节点,并且通常包括关于计算机2102所描述的许多或所有单元,但是为了简明起见仅仅示出了存储器/存储设备2150。所描绘出的逻辑连接包括到局域网(LAN)2152和/或例如广域网(WAN) 2154之类的更大网络的有线/无线连接。这样的LAN和WAN联网环境在办公室和公司中是常见的,并且促进例如内联网之类的企业范围计算机网络,所有这些网络都可以连接到全球通信网络(例如因特网)。
当被使用在LAN联网环境中时,计算机2102可以通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器2156连接到局域网2152。适配器2156可以促进到LAN 2152的有线或无线通信,LAN2152还可以包括布置在其上的无线AP以用于与无线适配器2156进行通信。
当被使用在WAN联网环境中时,计算机2102可以包括调制解调器 2158,或者可以连接到WAN 2154上的通信服务器,或者具有用于通过 WAN 2154(比如通过因特网)建立通信的其他装置。调制解调器2158 可以处于内部或外部并且可以是有线或无线设备,其可以通过输入设备接口2142连接到系统总线2108。在联网环境中,关于计算机2102 描绘出的程序模块或者其某些部分可以被存储在远程存储器/存储设备2150中。应当认识到,所示出的网络连接仅仅是实例,并且可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其他手段。
计算机2102可以适于与可操作地布置在无线通信中的任何无线设备或实体进行通信,例如打印机、扫描仪、台式和/或便携式计算机、便携式数据助理、通信卫星、与无线可检测标签相关联的任何装备或位置(信息亭、报刊亭、休息室)以及电话。这可以包括无线保真(Wi-Fi) 和无线技术。因此,所述通信可以是与传统网络一样的预定义结构,或者简单地是至少两个设备之间的自组织通信。
Wi-Fi可以允许在没有连线的情况下从房间内的躺椅、酒店房间内的床或者上班处的会议室连接到因特网。Wi-Fi是类似于使用在蜂窝电话中的无线技术,其允许例如计算机之类的设备在基站的范围内的任何位置在室内和室外发送和接收数据。Wi-Fi网络使用被称作 IEEE 802.11(a、b、g、n、ac等等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可以被用来把计算机彼此连接、连接到因特网以及连接到有线网络(其可以使用IEEE 802.3或以太网)。 Wi-Fi网络例如操作在无执照的2.4和5GHz无线电频带内或者利用包含全部两个频带(双频带)的产品进行操作,从而使得所述网络可以提供类似于使用在许多办公室中的基本10BaseT有线以太网网络的真实世界性能。
图22给出了可以实施并且利用这里所描述的所公开的主题内容的一个或多个方面的移动网络平台2210的一个示例性实施例2200。在一个或多个实施例中,移动网络平台2210可以生成和接收由基站 (例如基站设备102、104或520)、中心局(例如中心局101、1411或2000)或者与所公开的主题内容相关联的转发器设备(例如转发器设备710或806)传送和接收的信号。通常来说,无线网络平台2210 可以包括例如节点、网关、接口、服务器或不同平台之类的组件,其促进分组交换(PS)(例如互联网协议(IP)、帧中继、异步传输模式(ATM))和电路交换(CS)通信量(例如语音和数据)以及用于联网无线电信的控制生成。作为一个非限制性实例,无线网络平台2210 可以被包括在电信运营商网络中,并且可以被视为运营商侧组件,正如在本文中的别处所讨论的那样。移动网络平台2210包括可以接口接收自传统网络的CS通信量的(多个)CS网关节点2212,所述传统网络比如有(多个)电话网络2240(例如公共交换电话网(PSTN)或公共陆地移动网络(PLMN))或者信令系统#7(SS7)网络2270。(多个)电路交换网关节点2212可以对源于这样的网络的通信量(例如语音)进行授权和认证。此外,(多个)CS网关节点2212可以访问通过SS7网络2270生成的移动性(或漫游)数据;例如存储在可以驻留在存储器2230中的访问位置寄存器(VLR)中的移动性数据。此外,(多个)CS网关节点2212与基于CS的通信量和信令以及(多个)PS 网关节点2218进行接口。作为一个实例,在3GPP UMTS网络中,(多个)CS网关节点2212可以至少部分地被实现在(多个)网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN)中。应当认识到,(多个)CS网关节点2212、(多个) PS网关节点2218以及(多个)服务节点2216的功能和具体操作由移动网络平台2210对于电信所利用的(多种)无线电技术提供和决定。
除了接收和处理CS交换通信量和信令之外,(多个)PS网关节点2218可以对与所服务的移动设备的基于PS的数据会话进行授权和认证。数据会话可以包括与处于无线网络平台2210外部的网络交换的通信量或(多项)内容,比如(多个)广域网(WAN)2250、(多个) 企业网络2270以及(多个)服务网络2280,所述(多个)服务网络 2280可以被具体实现在(多个)局域网(LAN)中,并且可以通过(多个)PS网关节点2218与移动网络平台2210接口。应当提到的是,WAN 2250和(多个)企业网络2260可以至少部分地实现例如IP多媒体子系统(IMS)之类的(多个)服务网络。基于在(多项)技术资源2417 中可用的(多个)无线电技术层,(多个)分组交换网关节点2218 可以在建立数据会话时生成分组数据协议情境;还可以生成促进分组化数据的路由的其他数据结构。为此目的,在一个方面中,(多个) PS网关节点2218可以包括隧道接口(例如(多个)3GPP UMTS网络中的隧道端接网关(TTG)(未示出)),其可以促进与例如Wi-Fi网络之类的(多个)不同无线网络的分组化通信。
在实施例2200中,无线网络平台2210还包括(多个)服务节点 2216,其基于(多项)技术资源2217内的(多个)可用无线电技术层来传递通过(多个)PS网关节点2218接收到的数据流的各种分组化流动。应当提到的是,对于主要依赖于CS通信的(多项)技术资源2217,(多个)服务器节点可以在不依赖于(多个)PS网关节点2218 的情况下递送通信量;举例来说,(多个)服务器节点可以至少部分地具体实现移动交换中心。作为一个实例,在3GPPUMTS网络中,(多个)服务节点2216可以被具体实现在(多个)服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN) 中。
对于利用分组化通信的无线电技术,无线网络平台2210中的(多个)服务器2214可以执行许多应用,所述应用可以生成多个不同的分组化数据流或流动,并且管理(例如调度、排入队列、格式化等等) 这样的流动。这样的(多个)应用可以包括针对由无线网络平台2210 提供的标准服务(例如供应、记账、顾客支持等等)的附加特征。数据流(例如作为语音呼叫或数据会话的一部分的(多项)内容)可以被传递到(多个)PS网关节点2218以用于数据会话的授权/认证和发起,并且随后被传递到(多个)服务节点2216以用于通信。除了应用服务器之外,(多个)服务器2214还可以包括(多个)公用事业服务器,公用事业服务器可以包括供应服务器、操作和维护服务器、可以至少部分地实施证书权威机构和防火墙以及其他安全机制的安全服务器等等。在一个方面中,(多个)安全服务器保护通过无线网络平台2210服务的通信,从而除了(多个)CS网关节点2212和(多个)PS 网关节点2218可以担当的授权和认证规程之外还确保网络的操作和数据完整性。此外,(多个)供应服务器可以从(多个)外部网络供应服务,比如由不同服务提供商操作的网络;例如WAN 2250或(多个) 全球定位系统(GPS)网络(未示出)。(多个)供应服务器还可以通过(例如由相同的服务提供商部署和操作的)关联到无线网络平台 2210的网络来供应覆盖,比如通过提供更多网络覆盖而增强无线服务覆盖的图1中示出的(多个)分布式天线网络。如图7、8和9中示出的转发器设备也改进网络覆盖,以便通过UE 2275增强订户服务体验。
应当提到的是,(多个)服务器2214可以包括被配置成至少部分地授予宏网络平台2210的功能的一个或多个处理器。为此目的,所述一个或多个处理器例如可以执行存储在存储器2230中的代码指令。应当认识到,(多个)服务器2214可以包括按照前文中描述的基本上相同的方式操作的内容管理器2215。
在示例性实施例2200中,存储器2230可以存储与无线网络平台 2210的操作有关的信息。其他操作信息可以包括:通过无线网络平台 2210服务的移动设备的供应信息;订户数据库;应用智能;定价方案,例如促销费率、固定费率计划、优惠活动;与对应于不同的无线电或无线技术层的操作的电信协议相一致的(多种)技术规范;等等。存储器2230还可以存储来自(多个)电话网络2240、WAN 2250、(多个)企业网络2260或者SS7网络2270的至少其中之一的信息。在一个方面中,存储器2230例如可以作为数据存储库组件的一部分或者作为远程连接的存储器存储库而被访问。
为了提供针对所公开的主题内容的各个方面的情境,图22和后面的讨论意图提供关于可以在其中实施所公开的主题内容的各个方面的适当环境的简要的一般性描述。虽然前面是在运行在一台和/或多台计算机上的计算机程序的计算机可执行指令的一般情境中描述了本发明的主题内容,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,所公开的主题内容还可以与其他程序模块相组合来实施。一般来说,程序模块包括实施特定任务和/或实施特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构等等。
图23描绘出通信设备2300的一个说明性实施例。通信设备2300 可以充当例如本发明的主题公开内容所提到的移动设备和建筑物内设备(例如在图1和14中)之类的设备的一个说明性实施例。
通信设备2300可以包括有线和/或无线收发器2302(在这里称作收发器2302)、用户接口(UI)2304、供电装置2314、位置接收器 2316、运动传感器2318、指向传感器2320以及用于管理其操作的控制器2306。仅作为几个例子,收发器2302可以支持短距离或长距离无线接入技术,比如WiFi、DECT或蜂窝通信技术(和分别是特殊兴趣小组和联盟的注册商标)。蜂窝技术例如可以包括CDMA-1X、 UMTS/HSDPA、GSM/GPRS、TDMA/EDGE、EV/DO、WiMAX、SDR、LTE以及其他将会出现的下一代无线通信技术。收发器2302还可以适于支持电路交换有线接入技术(比如PSTN)、分组交换有线接入技术(比如 TCP/IP、VoIP等等)及其组合。
UI 2304可以包括可按下或触敏小键盘2308,其具有例如滚动球、操纵杆、鼠标或者导览盘之类的导览机制,以用于操纵通信设备2300 的操作。小键盘2308可以是通信设备2300的外罩套件的一个集成部分,或者是通过系绳有线接口(比如USB线缆)或者例如支持的无线接口可操作地与之耦合的独立设备。小键盘2308 可以代表通常由电话使用的数字小键盘,以及/或者具有字母数字按键的QWERTY小键盘。UI 2304还可以包括显示器2310,比如单色或彩色 LCD(液晶显示器)、OLED(有机发光二级管)或者用于向通信设备 2300的末端用户传达图像的其他适当的显示器技术。在其中显示器 2310是触敏显示器的一个实施例中,小键盘2308的一部分或全部可以通过具有导览特征的显示器2310来呈现。
显示器2310可以使用触摸屏技术以便还充当用于检测用户输入的用户界面。作为触摸屏显示器,通信设备2300可以适于呈现具有图形用户界面(GUI)单元的用户界面,所述图形用户界面(GUi)单元可以由用户通过手指触摸来选择。触摸屏显示器2310可以装备有电容性、电阻性或者其他形式的感测技术,以便检测用户手指的多少表面积被放置在触摸屏显示器的一部分上。这一感测信息可以被用来控制对于用户界面的GUI单元或其他功能的操纵。显示器2310可以是通信设备2300的外罩套件的一个集成部分,或者是通过系绳有线接口(比如线缆)或者无线接口可通信地与之耦合的独立设备。
UI 2304还可以包括音频系统2312,其利用音频技术来传递低音量音频(比如在人耳附近听到的音频)和高音量音频(比如用于免提操作的喇叭扩音器)。音频系统2312还可以包括用于接收末端用户的可听信号的麦克风。音频系统2312还可以被用于语音识别应用。UI 2304还可以包括图像传感器2313,比如用于捕获静止或移动图像的电荷耦合设备(CCD)摄影机。
供电装置2314可以利用常见的电力管理技术,比如可更换和可再充电电池、供电调节技术以及/或者充电系统技术,以用于为通信设备 2300的各个组件供应能量,从而促进长距离或短距离便携式通信。替换地或者相组合,所述充电系统可以利用外部电源,比如通过例如USB 端口之类的物理接口或者通过其他适当的系连技术所供应的DC电力。
位置接收器2316可以利用例如全球定位系统(GPS)接收器之类的定位技术,其能够帮助GPS基于由GPS卫星的星座图生成的信号来识别通信设备2300的位置,从而可以被用于促进例如导航之类的位置服务。运动传感器2318可以利用例如加速度计、陀螺仪之类的运动感测技术或者其他适当的运动感测技术来检测通信设备2300在三维空间中的运动。指向传感器2320可以利用例如磁力计之类的指向感测技术来检测通信设备2300的指向(北、南、西、东以及以度、分或其他适当的指向量度来计量的组合指向)。
通信设备2300还可以使用收发器2302来确定与蜂窝、WiFi、或其他无线接入点的邻近性,这是通过例如利用接收信号强度指标(RSSI)和/或信号到达时间(TOA)或行程时间(TOF)测量之类的感测技术而实现的。控制器2306可以利用例如微处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、可编程门阵列、专用集成电路和/或具有相关联的存储存储器(比如闪存、ROM、RAM、SRAM、DRAM或其他存储技术) 的视频处理器之类的计算技术来执行计算机指令、控制和处理由通信设备2300的前面提到的组件所提供的数据。
未在图23中示出的其他组件可以被使用在本发明的主题公开内容的一个或多个实施例中。举例来说,通信设备2300可以包括用于添加或移除身份模块(比如订户身份模块(SIM)卡或通用集成电路卡 (UICC))的插槽。SIM或UICC卡可以被用于识别订户服务、执行程序、存储订户数据等等。
在本发明的主题说明书中,例如“存储库”、“存储装置”、“数据存储库”、“数据存储装置”、“数据库”之类的术语以及基本上与组件的操作和功能有关的任何其他信息存储组件都指的是“存储器组件”,或者具体实现在“存储器”中的实体或者包括存储器的组件。应当认识到,这里所描述的存储器组件可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器全部二者,作为说明而非限制有易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、盘存储装置和存储器存储装置。此外,非易失性存储器可以被包括在只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦写ROM(EEPROM) 或闪存中。易失性存储器可以包括充当外部高速缓冲存储器的随机存取存储器(RAM)。作为说明而非限制,RAM可以通过许多形式获得,比如同步RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双倍速率SDRAM(DDR SDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路DRAM (SLDRAM)以及直接Rambus RAM(DRRAM)。此外,这里的系统或方法的所公开的存储器组件意图包括而不限于包括前述和任何其他适当类型的存储器。
此外还应当提到的是,所公开的主题内容可以通过其他计算机系统配置来实践,其中包括单处理器或多处理器计算机系统、小型计算设备、大型计算机以及个人计算机、手持式计算设备(例如PDA、电话、手表、平板计算机、上网本计算机等等)、基于微处理器的或者可编程的消费或工业电子装置等等。所说明的各个方面还可以被实践在分布式计算环境中,其中各项任务由通过通信网络链路在一起的远程处理设备实施;但是本发明的主题公开内容的一些(如果不是所有) 方面可以在独立的计算机上被实践。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块既可以位于本地存储器存储设备中也可以位于远程存储器存储设备中。
这里所描述的其中一些实施例还可以采用人工智能(AI)以促进这里所描述的一项或多项特征的自动化。举例来说,人工智能可以被用来确定应当环绕连线放置电介质波导604和606的位置,以便最大化传输效率。所述实施例(例如结合自动识别在添加到现有通信网络之后提供最大价值/益处的所获取的蜂窝站点)可以采用多种基于AI 的方案以用于实施其各个实施例。此外,可以采用分类器来确定所获取的网络的每一个蜂窝站点的排序或优先级。分类器是把输入属性矢量x=(x1,x2,x3,x4,...,xn)映射到所述输入属于某一类别的置信度的函数,也就是说f(x)=confidence(class)。这样的分类可以采用概率和/或基于统计的分析(例如考虑到分析实用工具和成本)以便预测或推断出用户希望自动实施的动作。支持矢量机(SVM)是可以采用的分类器的一个实例。SVM通过在可能输入的空间中找到超曲面 (hypersurface)来操作,所述超曲面尝试把触发标准与非触发事件分离。在直观上,这使得分类对于与训练数据接近但是并非完全相同的测试数据是正确的。其他定向(directed)和无定向(undirected) 模型分类方法例如包括朴素贝叶斯、贝叶斯网络、决策树、神经网络、模糊逻辑模型,并且可以采用提供不同的独立性模式的概率分类模型。这里所使用的分类还包含被利用来开发优先级模型的统计回归。
很容易认识到的是,其中一个或多个实施例可以采用明确地训练 (例如通过通用训练数据)以及隐含地训练(例如通过观测UE行为、运营商优选项、历史信息、接收外来信息)的分类器。举例来说,SVM 可以通过学习或训练阶段被配置在分类器构造器和特征选择模块内。因此,(多个)分类器可以被用来自动学习和实施若干功能,其中包括而不限于根据预定标准确定哪些所获取的蜂窝站点将使得最大数目的订户受益,以及/或者哪些所获取的蜂窝站点将对于现有的通信网络覆盖添加最小的价值等等。
在一些实施例中,在本申请中的一些情境中所使用的术语“组件”、“系统”等等意图指代或包括与计算机有关的实体或者与具有一项或多项特定功能的操作装置有关的实体,其中所述实体可以是硬件、硬件与软件的组合、软件或者执行中的软件。作为一个实例,组件可以是而不限于运行在处理器上的进程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行线程、计算机可执行指令、程序以及/或者计算机。作为说明而非限制,运行在服务器上的应用和服务器都可以是组件。一个或多个组件可以驻留在进程和/或执行线程内,并且一个组件可以局部化在一台计算机上并且/或者分布在两台或更多台计算机之间。此外,这些组件可以从具有存储在其上的多种数据结构的多种计算机可读介质执行。所述组件可以例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统中的另一个组件进行交互以及/或者跨越例如因特网之类的网络通过信号与其他系统进行交互的一个组件的数据)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程进行通信。作为另一个实例,组件可以是具有由通过电气或电子电路操作的机械部件提供的特定功能的装置,其由通过处理器执行的软件或固件应用操作,其中所述处理器可以处于所述装置的内部或外部并且执行所述软件或固件应用的至少一部分。作为另一个实例,组件可以是通过不具有机械部件的电子组件提供特定功能的装置,所述电子组件可以在其中包括处理器,以便执行至少部分地授予所述电子组件的功能的软件或固件。虽然各个组件被图示成单独的组件,但是应当认识到,在不背离示例性实施例的情况下,多个组件可以被实施成单个组件,或者单个组件可以被实施成多个组件。
此外,各个实施例可以被实施成一种方法、装置或制造品,其使用标准编程和/或工程技术以产生软件、固件、硬件或者其任意组合,以便控制计算机实施所公开的主题内容。这里所使用的术语“制造产品”意图涵盖可以从任何计算机可读设备或者计算机可读存储/通信介质访问的计算机程序。举例来说,计算机可读存储介质可以包括而不限于磁性存储设备(例如硬盘、软盘、磁条)、光盘(例如紧致盘(CD)、数字通用盘(DVD))、智能卡以及闪存设备(例如卡、棒、闪存盘)。当然,本领域技术人员将认识到,在不背离各个实施例的范围或精神的情况下可以对这种配置作出许多修改。
此外,这里所使用的单词“实例”和“示例性”用以表明充当实例或说明。在这里被描述成“实例”或“示例性”的任何实施例或设计不一定应当被解释成比起其他实施例或设计是优选的或有利的。相反,使用“实例”或“示例性”一词意图以具体的方式给出概念。在本申请中使用的术语“或者”意图表明包含性的“或者”而不是排他性的“或者”。也就是说,除非另行表明或者从上下文可以清楚看出,否则“X采用A或B”意图表明任何自然包含性排列。也就是说,如果 X采用A;X采用B;或者X采用A和B全部二者,则在任何前述实例下都满足“X采用A或B”。此外,除非另行表明或者从上下文清楚看出是针对单数形式,否则在本申请和所附权利要求书中使用的冠词“一个”和“某一”通常应当被解释成意味着“一个或多个”。
此外,例如“用户装备”、“移动站”、“移动”、“订户站”、“接入终端”、“终端”、“手机”、“移动设备”之类的术语(以及/或者表示类似专有名词的术语)可以指代由无线通信服务的订户或用户利用来接收或传递数据、控制、语音、视频、声音、游戏或者基本上任何数据流或信令流的无线设备。前面的术语在这里并且参照有关的附图可以被互换利用。
此外,除非上下文使得有理由在“用户”、“订户”、“顾客”、“消费者”等术语之间作出具体区分,否则所述术语始终被可互换地采用。应当认识到,这样的术语可以指代人类实体或者通过人工智能 (例如至少基于复杂的数学形式体系作出推断的能力)所支持的自动化组件,其可以提供模拟视觉、声音辨识等等。
这里所采用的术语“处理器”可以指代基本上任何计算处理单元或设备,其中包括而不限于包括:单核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的单处理器;多核处理器;具有软件多线程执行能力的多核处理器;具有硬件多线程技术的多核处理器;并行平台;以及具有分布式共享存储器的并行平台。此外,处理器可以指代被设计成实施这里所描述的功能的集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、复杂可编程逻辑设备(CPLD)、分立的门或晶体管逻辑、分立的硬件组件或者其任意组合。处理器可以利用纳米尺度架构,比如(而不限于)基于分子和量子点的晶体管、开关和门,以便优化用户装备的空间使用或者增强用户装备的性能。处理器还可以被实施成各个计算处理单元的组合。
这里所使用的例如“数据存储装置”、“数据存储库”、“数据库”之类的术语以及与组件的操作和功能相关的基本上任何其他信息存储组件指的是“存储器组件”或者嵌入在“存储器”中的实体或者包括存储器的组件。应当认识到,这里所描述的存储器组件或计算机可读存储介质可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器,或者可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器全部二者。
这里所使用的术语“毫米波”可以指代落在30GHz到300GHz的“毫米波频带”内的电磁波。术语“微波”可以指代落在300MHz到300GHz 的“微波频带”内的电磁波。
前面所描述的内容仅仅包括各个实施例的实例。当然不可能出于描述这些实例的目的而描述每一种可设想到的组件或方法组合,但是本领域技术人员可以认识到,本发明的实施例可能有许多另外的组合和排列。相应地,这里所公开并且/或者要求保护的实施例意图涵盖落在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的所有这样的改动、修改和变型。此外,就在具体实施方式部分或权利要求书中使用的术语“包含”而言,这样的术语意图是包含性的,其方式类似于在作为连接词被采用在权利要求中的术语“包括”的解释方式。
虽然在这里示出并描述了具体的实施例,但是应当认识到,可以用实现相同或类似目的的任何安排来替代通过本发明的主题公开内容所描述或示出的实施例。本发明的主题公开内容意图涵盖各个实施例的任何及所有适配或变型。在本发明的主题公开内容中可以使用前述实施例与未在这里具体描述的其他实施例的组合。举例来说,来自一个或多个实施例的一项或多项特征可以与一个或多个其他实施例的一项或多项特征相组合。在一个或多个实施例中,被正面引述的特征也可以被负面引述并且从实施例中排除,其中利用或者不利用另一项结构和/或功能特征进行替换。可以按照任意顺序来实施关于本发明的主题公开内容的实施例所描述的步骤或功能。关于本发明的主题公开内容的实施例所描述的步骤或功能可以被单独实施,或者与本发明的主题公开内容的其他步骤或功能以及来自未在本发明的主题公开内容中描述的其他实施例或其他步骤相组合来实施。此外,还可以利用比关于一个实施例所描述的所有特征更多或更少的特征。
Claims (10)
1.一种波导系统,包括:
促进发射第一电磁波的第一天线;
用于传送或接收与移动通信设备交换的空中射频通信的第二天线;
促进接收由所述第一天线发射的所述第一电磁波的一部分的电介质波导,其中电介质波导的外部表面的第一部分邻近输电线的外部表面的第二部分,从而形成用于在输电线的外部表面上生成第二电磁波的联结,其中第一电磁波至少部分地在电介质波导的外部表面上传播以便在所述联结处生成沿着输电线的外部表面传播的第二电磁波,其中第二电磁波在不需要电路的情况下传播,其中电介质波导不与输电线同轴对准,并且其中电介质波导的尖部在一个或多个轴中被锥化以减少电磁波反射;
耦合到电介质波导并促进第一电磁波的传输的所述第一天线,其中第一天线是电介质波导的物理附着组件;
耦合到所述第一天线和所述第二天线的电路,其中所述电路促进:
信号的调制以便通过第一天线发射第一电磁波,其中所述电路从耦合到所述电路的同轴电缆接收通信信号;
经由所述第二天线传送或接收与移动通信设备交换的所述空中射频通信;以及
耦合到线圈的电力电路,其促进通过感应方式从输电线接收电力以对所述电路供电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中,所述第一天线被布置在电介质波导的外部表面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中,所述第一天线被嵌入在电介质波导的材料中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中,所述第一天线包括微带天线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中,所述第一天线包括围绕电介质波导的外部表面的一部分的中空导体。
6.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中,第一电磁波是基本电磁波,并且其中第二电磁波包括基本电磁波和非基本电磁波。
7.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,其中,所述输电线包括耦合到电网的电线杆的连线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的波导系统,还包括存储指令的存储器以及耦合到存储器的处理器,其中响应于执行指令,所述处理器实施包括生成所述信号的操作。
9.根据权利要求8所述的波导系统,其中,所述存储器、处理器和电路被容纳在集成电路封装中,并且其中所述集成电路封装被布置在电介质波导的外部表面上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的波导系统,其中,所述集成电路封装的电气接触件耦合到第一天线的馈送点。
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2014
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- 2015-09-21 CA CA2963787A patent/CA2963787A1/en not_active Abandoned
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KR101947987B1 (ko) | 2019-02-15 |
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JP6616468B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
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JP2017533652A (ja) | 2017-11-09 |
US20170373717A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 |
CN107004950A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
WO2016064507A9 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
BR112017008122A2 (pt) | 2018-06-19 |
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