CN104937777A - 天线 - Google Patents

天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104937777A
CN104937777A CN201380071056.XA CN201380071056A CN104937777A CN 104937777 A CN104937777 A CN 104937777A CN 201380071056 A CN201380071056 A CN 201380071056A CN 104937777 A CN104937777 A CN 104937777A
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antenna
waveguide
antenna element
link
coupling layer
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岩中大辅
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NEC Corp
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NEC Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02Waveguide horns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials

Abstract

天线(100)包括天线层(1)、耦合层(2)和馈线电路层(10)。天线层(1)包括喇叭天线(52到53)。喇叭天线(51、52)以这样的方式布置:其中心在一个方向(C)上对准。喇叭天线(53)以这样的方式布置:喇叭天线(53)与喇叭天线(51)在一个方向(D)上相分离且喇叭天线(51)和(53)的中心不在一个方向(D)上对准。在耦合层(2)中形成波导。

Description

天线
技术领域
本发明涉及天线。
背景技术
在国际标准中规定了用于在诸如点对点的无线电系统中使用的天线所需要的旁瓣特性,并且有必要将旁瓣水平抑制为低于预定水平。典型的国际标准是ETSI(欧洲电信标准协会)标准。
抛物线天线通常用作点对点通信的天线。然而,当抛物线天线满足旁瓣标准时,天线的厚度增加,这导致整个装置的尺寸增加。为此,需要平面天线。
在毫米波波带中,使用包括传输损耗低于微带线的波导的平面天线。作为这样的平面天线的配置,以阵列布置喇叭(horn)天线的配置是已知的(专利文献1)。专利文献1提出了以方形栅格布置喇叭天线的平面天线。该天线的特征在于包括箱式喇叭,在该箱式喇叭处,每个喇叭天线形状上具有阶梯式改变。
引用列表
专利文献
[专利文献1]日本专利No.3718527
发明内容
技术问题
通常,当天线元件之间的距离大于辐射波的一个波长时,生成栅瓣。这导致旁瓣水平的显著劣化。为了抑制无线电波辐射特性中生成的旁瓣,有必要尽可能高密度地布置喇叭天线。因此,喇叭天线的结构和用于将无线电波引导到喇叭天线的波导的结构被小型化。结果,难以准备具有小型化结构的平面天线。即使可以准备平面天线,成本增加也不可避免。
鉴于上述情况而做出本发明,并且本发明的目标在于提供一种具有良好旁瓣抑制特性的天线。
对问题的解决方案
根据本发明的示例性方面的天线包括:馈线电路层,其中形成波导入口和第一波导,无线电波通过该波导入口和该第一波导被传播;天线层,其中形成多个天线元件;以及耦合层,该耦合层被形成在馈线电路层和天线层之间,并且通过波导将第一波导耦合到多个天线元件。该多个天线元件包括第一天线元件、第二天线元件和第三天线元件,该第二和第三天线元件与第一天线元件相邻。该第一和第二天线元件以下述方式被布置:该方式使得第一和第二天线元件的中心在平行于天线层的主表面的第一方向上对准。第三天线元件以下述方式被布置:该方式使得第三天线元件与第一天线元件在第二方向上分离,并且第一和第三天线元件的中心不在第二方向上对准,该第二方向平行于天线层的所述主表面并且垂直于第一方向。
发明的有益效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种具有良好旁瓣抑制特性的天线。
附图说明
图1是示意性示出天线100的配置的立体图;
图2A是示意性示出天线100的配置的顶视图;
图2B是示意性示出喇叭天线51到53的布置的顶视图;
图3A是示意性示出沿着图2A的线IIIA-IIIA取的天线100的截面的配置的放大截面视图;
图3B是示意性示出沿着图2A的线IIIB-IIIB取的天线100的截面的配置的放大截面视图;
图4是示意性示出当从底部层4观看波导层3和耦合层2时波导层3和耦合层2的配置的图;以及
图5是示出天线100的无线电波辐射特性的图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图来描述本发明的示例性实施例。在附图中,相同的元素用相同的附图标记来表示,并因此在需要时省略重复的描述。
第一示例性实施例
首先,将描述根据示例实施例的天线100。图1是示意性示出天线100的配置的立体图。天线100包括天线层1、耦合层2、波导层3、以及底部层4。天线层1、耦合层2、波导层3和底部层4中的每一个都由例如金属形成。波导层3和底部层4构成馈线电路层10。
图2A是示意性示出天线100的配置的顶视图。在天线层1中,以错列方式布置每个都具有四角金字塔形状的喇叭天线5。下文中,喇叭天线也被简称为天线元件。相邻行中的喇叭天线中的每一个都以偏移被布置。在该示例性实施例中,图2A中示出的在行B中布置的喇叭天线5相对于图2A中示出的在行A中布置的喇叭天线5在方向C(也称为第一方向)上偏移。此外,因为喇叭天线5以错列方式被布置,所以行A中的每个喇叭天线5的中心处于距在方向D上相邻行A的行B中的两个喇叭天线5之间的中心的相同距离。
注意,方向C是平行于天线层1的主表面的方向,并且方向D(也被称为第二方向)是平行于天线层1的主表面并且垂直于方向C的方向。
现在考虑三个相邻的喇叭天线51到53。图2B是示意性示出喇叭天线51到53的布置的顶视图。在以简化方式考虑上述偏移时,偏移的意义可以如下理解。这里,将描述在方向C上对准喇叭天线51和52的中心的情况。在该情况下,在方向D上,喇叭天线53与喇叭天线51分离。可以理解,以下述方式布置喇叭天线51和53:使得喇叭天线51和53的中心在方向D上不对准。
接下来,将描述天线100的截面的配置。图3A是示意性示出沿着图2A的线IIIA-IIIA取的天线100的截面的配置的放大截面视图。图3B是示意性示出沿着图2A的线IIIB-IIIB取的天线100的截面的配置的放大截面视图。天线层1堆叠在耦合层2上。耦合层2堆叠在波导层3上。波导层3堆叠在底部层4上。天线层1、耦合层2、波导层3和底部层4可以以各种接合方法堆叠,诸如螺丝接合和使用粘合剂粘结。
耦合层2由耦合层上层21和耦合层下层22形成。在耦合层上层21中,形成贯穿耦合层上层21的上部波导。在线IIIA-IIIA处,在耦合层上层21中形成如图3A中所示的在方向C上延伸的上部波导23A。上部波导23A的右端在连接端27A(也被称为第三连接端)处耦合到对应喇叭天线5的下端。在线IIIB-IIIB处,在耦合层上层21中形成如图3B中所示的在方向C上延伸的上部波导23B。上部波导23B的左端在连接端27B(也被称为第四连接端)处耦合到对应喇叭天线5的下端。也就是,可以理解,在线IIIA-IIIA处的上部波导23A在与线IIIB-IIIB处的上部波导23B相反的方向上耦合到对应喇叭天线5。
在耦合层下层22中,形成贯穿耦合层下层22的下部波导。在线IIIA-IIIA处,在耦合层下层22中形成如图3A中所示的在方向C上延伸的下部波导24A。下部波导24A的右端耦合到对应上部波导23A的左端。在线IIIB-IIIB处,在耦合层下层22中形成如图3B中所示的在方向C上延伸的下部波导24B。下部波导24B的左端耦合到上部波导23B的右端。
上部波导23A和下部波导24A中的每一个都被称为第二波导。上部波导23B和下部波导24B中的每一个都被称为第三波导。
在波导层3中,形成贯穿波导层3的波导31(也被称为第一波导)。波导31耦合到下部波导24A的下端和下部波导24B的下端。
注意,与喇叭天线5不同,使下部波导24A和波导31彼此连接的连接端25A(也被称为第一连接端)的中心26A以及使下部波导24B和波导31彼此连接的连接端25B(也被称为第二连接端)的中心26B被形成在不提供偏移的位置处。具体地,可以理解,基于连接端25A的中心26A,在线IIIA-IIIA处,无线电波在右上方向上通过下部波导24A和上部波导23A从波导31传播到喇叭天线5的下端。还可以理解,基于连接端25B的中心26B,在线IIIB-IIIB处,无线电波在左上方向上通过下部波导24B和上部波导23B从波导31传播到喇叭天线5的下端。
通过该配置,即使在不考虑偏移的情况下形成波导31,也可以仅仅通过在使上部波导和下部波导的波导方向在相反方向上偏移相同值ΔD(也被称为第一值),由此使得能够在不造成任何相位差的情况下引导无线电波,来使得在线IIIA-IIIA和线IIIB-IIIB处偏移的从波导31到喇叭天线5的距离是相等的。
接下来,将描述波导层3的配置。图4是示意性示出当从底部层4观看波导层3和耦合层2时波导层3和耦合层2中的每一个的配置的图。在底部层4,形成贯穿底部层4的波导入口(未示出)。波导入口在图4中所示的位置32处耦合到波导31。因此,无线电波通过波导入口被引入到波导31中。
在波导层3中,以下述方式来将波导31形成为具有分支的波导:该方式使得从耦合到波导入口(即,图4中示出的位置32)的部分到耦合端25A和耦合端25B的距离彼此相等。换句话说,无线电波以相同相位从外部通过波导入口传播到连接端25A和连接端25B。
接下来,将描述天线100的无线电波辐射特性。图5是示出天线100的无线电波辐射特性的图。参考图5,由实线L1来指示天线100的无线电波辐射特性。作为比较示例,如专利文献1中所公开的以方形栅格布置喇叭天线而不提供偏移的天线的无线电波辐射特性由虚线L2指示,并且ETSI(欧洲电信标准协会)的类别2(CLASS 2)标准由粗线L3指示。如图中2所示,水平轴表示作为观察表面的沿线V-V取的表面的方位角。注意,天线100的前面由0表示。垂直轴表示增益。
如图5中所示,应该理解,在比较示例(L2)中,天线增益的旁瓣发生,其波瓣超过ETSI(耦合电信标准)的类别2标准(L3)。也就是,如上所述,在比较示例(L2)中的旁瓣没有被充分抑制。
另一方面,在天线100的无线电波辐射特性(L1)中,旁瓣被充分抑制,并且由此可以实现满足ETSI(欧洲电信标准协议)的类别2标准(L3)的无线电波辐射特性。也就是,可以理解,喇叭天线5被布置有如在本发明的配置中的偏移,由此实现具有旁瓣被充分抑制的无线电波辐射特性的天线。
在上述比较示例(L2)中,为了抑制旁瓣,有必要将每个喇叭天线的开口尺寸减小为小于辐射波(例如毫米波)的波长,并且增加要布置的喇叭天线的密度。然而,在该情况下,喇叭天线和引导至喇叭天线的波导的结构被小型化,这使得难以准备天线和波导,导致天线成本的增加。
另一方面,在本发明的配置中,旁瓣可以通过喇叭天线的布置来被抑制,这消除了增加要布置的喇叭天线的密度的需要。因此,在该配置中,喇叭天线5中的每一个的开口尺寸(开口的一侧的长度)可以被设置为等于或大于辐射波(例如毫米波)的波长。然而,考虑到天线的实际使用的便利以及易于准备天线,喇叭天线5中的每一个的开口尺寸(开口的一侧的长度)期望被设置为等于或小于辐射波的波长的四倍。然而,大于辐射波的波长的四倍。然而,不期望排除下述情况:在该情况中,喇叭天线5中的每一个的开口尺寸(开口的一侧的长度)被设置为等于或大于辐射波的波长的四倍。
因此,根据本发明的配置,喇叭天线和引导到喇叭天线的波导的结构可以易于准备,并且因此可以以低价生产天线。
本发明不限于上面的示例性实施例,并且在不不背离本发明的范围的情况下可以被适当修改。例如,上面已经将喇叭天线作为天线元件进行描述,但是这仅仅是示例。例如,还可以使用其他天线元件,诸如透镜天线和电介质棒天线。此外,上面已经描述了每一个都以四角金字塔形状形成的喇叭天线,但这只是示例。例如,只要能够获得所需的增益,还可以使用形成为其他金字塔形状的喇叭天线,诸如圆锥形、椭圆锥形和六角金字塔形状。不仅可以使用金字塔形状,而且还可以使用圆柱形状。
上面已经描述了具有四段曲柄形状并且将喇叭天线5耦合到波导层3的波导(上部波导23A、下部波导24A、上部波导23B和下部波导24B),但这只是示例。例如,将喇叭天线5耦合到波导层3的波导可以具有除了四个以外的任意数目的段的曲柄形状,只要无线电波的反射损耗在可允许范围内。替代地,只要无线电波的反射损耗在可允许范围内,将喇叭天线5耦合到波导层3的波导可以是具有不同于曲柄形状的形状的光滑管道。
上面已经描述了喇叭天线5的布置仅作为示例。作为以严格错列方式布置喇叭天线5的替代,例如,可以以在错列布置和方形栅格布置之间的任意偏移来布置喇叭天线5。喇叭天线5不必需要在天线层1的整个表面上规则布置,并且可能存在喇叭天线以不同方式偏移的多个区域。换句话说,天线100包括以防止喇叭天线以方形栅格被布置的偏移来布置喇叭天线5的区域,由此使得能够抑制旁瓣。
如果可以准备,则天线层1、耦合板上层21、耦合层下层22以及波导层3和底部层4(其构成馈线电路层10)可以被一体地形成。例如,在通过铸造来准备这些层的情况下,耦合层上层21和耦合层下层22可以与天线层1一体地形成,或者耦合层上层21可以与天线层1一体地形成。耦合层上层21和耦合层下层22可以与波导层3一体地形成,或者耦合层下层22可以与波导层3一体地形成。
天线层1、耦合层2、波导层3和底部层4不仅可以由金属形成,而且可以由电介质材料形成,诸如树脂,其表面覆盖有诸如金属的传导材料。在使用树脂的情况下,可以通过注塑成型等来容易地准备天线。
上面仅仅作为示例描述了在底部层4中形成波导入口的情况。波导入口可以例如被形成在波导层3中。
尽管上面参考示例实施例描述了本发明,但是本发明不限于上述的示例实施例。在本发明的范围内,本发明的配置和细节可以以本领域技术人员可以理解的各种方式进行修改。
本申请基于并要求2013年1月21日提交的日本专利申请No.2013-8172的优先权权益,其公开内容在此通过引入整体加入进来。
附图标记列表
100 天线
1   天线层
2   耦合层
3   波导层
4   底部层
5,51-53 喇叭天线
10  馈线电路层
21  耦合层上层
22  耦合层下层
23A 上部波导
23B 上部波导
24A 下部波导
24B 下部波导
31  波导
25A 连接端
25B 连接端
26A 连接端25A的中心
26B 连接端25B的中心
27A 连接端
27B 连接端

Claims (8)

1.一种天线,包括:
馈线电路层,其中,形成无线电波通过其传播的波导入口和第一波导;
天线层,其中,形成多个天线元件;以及
耦合层,所述耦合层被形成在所述馈线电路层和所述天线层之间,并且通过波导将所述第一波导耦合到所述多个天线元件,其中,
所述多个天线元件包括第一天线元件、第二天线元件和第三天线元件,所述第二天线元件和所述第三天线元件与所述第一天线元件相邻,
所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件以下述方式被布置:该方式使得所述第一天线元件和所述第二天线元件的中心在平行于所述天线层的主表面的第一方向上对准,并且
所述第三天线元件以下述方式被布置:该方式使得所述第三天线元件与所述第一天线元件在第二方向上分离,并且所述第一天线元件和所述第三天线元件的中心在所述第二方向上不对准,所述第二方向平行于所述天线层的所述主表面并且垂直于所述第一方向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天线,其中,
在所述耦合层中,形成第二波导和第三波导,所述第二波导使所述第一天线元件和所述第一波导彼此连接,所述第三波导使所述第三天线元件和所述第一波导彼此连接,
在使所述第一波导和所述第二波导彼此连接的第一连接端和在所述馈线电路层中形成的所述波导入口之间的距离等于在使所述第一波导和所述第三波导彼此连接的第二连接端和在所述馈线电路层中形成的所述波导入口之间的距离,
所述第一连接端的中心和第三连接端的中心在所述第一方向上彼此分离第一值,所述第三连接端使所述第一天线元件和所述第二波导彼此连接,并且
所述第二连接端的中心和第四连接端的中心在与所述第一方向相反的方向上彼此分离所述第一值,所述第四连接端使所述第三天线元件和所述第三波导彼此连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的天线,其中,所述多个天线元件以等于或大于辐射波的波长的尺寸被形成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任何一项所述的天线,其中,所述多个天线元件中的每一个具有顶点面向所述耦合层的金字塔形状。
5.根据权利要求4所述的天线,其中,所述多个天线元件中的每一个具有顶点面向所述耦合层的四角金字塔形状。
6.根据权利要求5所述的天线,其中,
位于与所述耦合层相对侧的所述多个天线元件的开口具有正方形状,并且
所述正方形状的一侧上的长度等于或大于辐射波的波长。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任何一项所述的天线,其中,所述多个天线元件以错列方式布置。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任何一项所述的天线,其中,所述第二波导和所述第三波导以多段曲柄形状形成。
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RU2607769C1 (ru) 2017-01-10
PH12015501564A1 (en) 2015-09-21
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US9692117B2 (en) 2017-06-27

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