CN1210842C - 一种天线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于圆极化辐射的电介质加载天线通常具有圆柱型实心电介质主体(16),该电介质主体具有大于5的相对介电常数,该主体上被镀上环绕主体的导电套筒(24)和导电底层(26),该套筒和底层与主体(16)一起形成基本上由陶瓷材料的主体(16)充满的开口空腔。空腔边缘(24R)的电长度是对应小于5GHz的天线工作频率的波导波长的整数倍。由一个馈源结构围绕空腔边缘(24R)激励出旋转驻波,该馈源结构包括在圆柱体主体(16)表面上两个螺旋轨迹(14A,14B),该螺旋轨迹耦合在空腔边缘与轴向穿过主体(16)的同轴馈源(20,22)之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及工作在超过200MHz频率上的一种天线,并且涉及包含该天线的无线电通信系统。
背景技术
本申请人在大量共同待审查的专利申请中已经公开了一系列电介质加载天线。所公开天线的共同特征包括高相对介电常数的实心圆柱体陶瓷芯,一个在轴线上穿过芯体到末端终止的同轴馈源,一个导线平衡非平衡转换器套筒镀在核心圆柱体表面上并且在一方面与末端表面上馈源终端径向连接点和另一方面在套筒周遍之间延伸。
在共同待审查申请GB-A-2292638中,公开了一种四线背射天线,具有四个共伸螺旋单元形成两对,一对单元的电长度与另一对单元的电长度不同。该结构具有在工作频率例如1575MHz上产生正交相位电流的效果,结果该天线具有用于圆极化信号的心型线辐射图,例如由GPS(全球定位系统)卫星星座中卫星发射的那些辐射图。
在GB-A-2309592,该天线具有单一一对直径方向相反的螺旋单元,以形成扭曲环路获得除了零点外的全方位辐射图,该零点对准垂直与该天线圆柱体轴线延伸的零轴线。该天线特别适合于用在便携电话机上,并且能够在尺寸上定做得分别在例如欧洲GSM频带(890到960MHz)和DCS频带(1710到1880MHz)范围内频率上具有环路谐振。其它有关频带包括美国AMPS(842到894MHz)和PCN(1850到1900MHz)频带。
GB-A-2311675公开了双服务系统例如组合GPS和移动电话系统中的天线使用,该天线具有与GB-A-2292638所公开的相同的总体结构,当谐振在四线(圆极化)模式时该天线用于GPS接收,当谐振在单端(线性极化)模式时用于电话信号。
发明内容
本申请已经发现,控制围绕核心接近部分的导电套筒直径,有可能产生一个谐振,该谐振特征在于围绕套筒边缘(在此称为“环型谐振”)的驻波和发生在例如移动电话或卫星定位接收机使用的频率之一上。该环型谐振是有关圆波导模式或环型模式的有效谐振。
按照本发明的第一方面提供一种天线,该天线具有超过200MHz的工作频率,包括一个圆柱型绝缘主体,该主体具有中心轴并且由大于5的相对介电常数的实心材料形成,主体的外表面限定了实心材料占据大部分的一个体积;在绝缘主体圆柱表面上的导电套筒。一个导电层,在主体表面上沿轴线横向延伸,和导电套筒与该层一起形成基本上由实心材料填充的开口空腔;一个馈源结构,与该空腔相连,其中空腔的所述相对介电常数和尺寸适于使其开口周围的电长度基本上等于在对应所述工作频率上围绕所述周边的波导波长的整数(1,2,3,…)倍。
优选地,绝缘主体材料的相对介电常数在从50到100的范围内。
与上面引用的公知电介质加载四线背射天线有关的一个困难是圆极化信号的天线带宽相对窄些。这意味着制造公差需要严密,并且该天线可能需要单独调谐到所需要频率。在按照本发明的天线中,有可能设计使馈源结构激励围绕开口上空腔边缘的旋转驻波,当用于轴线垂直方向时产生谐振在圆极化波并且具有适合于接收来自卫星信号的相关心型线辐射图的天线。本申请已经发现有关这种谐振的带宽比四线天线的带宽宽得多。
应当注意,术语“激励”用在本文中是指不仅用于发射信号的天线使用,而且也用于接收信号的天线的使用,因为该天线的功能特性例如频率响应、辐射图等遵循针对对应发射和接收特性的互易性原则。类似地,当用于本文接收信号天线时,单元和零件涉及的“辐射”应当理解为从周围空间吸收能量的单元或零件,由此根据互易性原则,如果该天线用于发射时,这些单元或零件将辐射能量。
在套筒中激励环型驻波的一种方式是利用绝缘主体表面上加长螺旋或螺旋单元。实际上,螺旋单元在套筒或套筒周边上传递切线激励分量,所以它们可以被认为是切线激励或馈电装置。适当选择介电常数和套筒及螺旋状或螺旋单元的尺寸,该天线可以制造得作为双模式天线工作,具有与环型谐振即围绕空腔周边的驻波相关的圆极化模式,和与以上结合扭曲环路设计的环路谐振相关的线性模式。
优选地,在环型模式谐振频率上,螺旋单元每个具有等于nλg/4的电长度,其中n是整数(1,2,3…),λg是在环型谐振频率上沿单元的波导波长。
在该连接中,本领域技术人员应当理解“波导波长”意味着在所要求频率上沿测量使用路径即引导波的路径上完整波周期代表的距离。在此情况下,测量路径是相应螺旋单元或套筒周边,而波导波长小于空间中波长一个倍数,该倍数由核心材料的介电常数和由天线结构的几何形状决定。应当理解,核心材料的介电常数基本上大于自由空间的介电常数,围绕套筒周边或沿螺旋单元的波导波长λg远远小于自由空间波长,但通常在每种情况下都不同。在周边的情况下,电流路径受电介质材料的影响非常强,因为有关场大部分在材料内部,相反在电介质材料和空气边界上螺旋单元电流路径受的影响弱。
然后,有可能生产一种多模式天线,特别适合于但不唯一地用于圆极化信号而不使用上述四线结构。因此,该天线优选用于便携或移动设备例如多频带便携或移动电话机,尤其是蜂窝电话机或尤其是用于全球星或铱星卫星电话系统的便携电话机,以及具有GPS或GLONASS定位功能的便携电话机或其它设备,这些卫星服务是利用圆极化信号的服务。
按照本发明的第二方面,提供一种无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,该系统包括一个射频前端级,设计得工作在第一信号接收或发射频率上;一个连接到前端级的天线,包括具有中心轴线并且由高于5的介电常数实心材料形成的圆柱体绝缘主体,该主体外表面限定由实心材料占据主要部分的体积;一个在主体表面上沿轴线横向延伸的导电层;导电套筒与层一起形成基本上由实心材料填充的开口空腔;和一个与空腔有关的馈源结构,其中所述相对介电常数和空腔的尺寸被适于使开口上空腔周边的电长度基本上等于对应第一信号频率波导波长的整数(1,2,3,…)倍。
按照第三方面,本发明也包括一个用于在所需要工作频率(超200MHz范围)上圆极化波的电介质加载空腔支持天线,包括具有导电圆柱侧壁和连接到侧壁的导电底板的空腔,该侧壁具有限定底板相反方向的空腔开口的周边,基本填充空腔并且由大于5的相对介电常数的实心材料形成的一个电介质核心,一个旋转馈电系统,特征在于所述介电常数和空腔尺寸使得周边周长基本上等于在所需要工作频率上波导波长整数(1,2,3,…)倍,并且其中馈电系统适于在空腔周边上以所需要工作频率激励一个波导谐振,该谐振特征在于至少一个直径方向跨过该空腔开口并且围绕空腔中心轴旋转的电压对称振子(voltage dipole),以形成圆极化幅射图,其从空腔开口向外方向并且在相反轴线方向具有零点。
本发明还提供了一种操作天线的方法,该天线具有一个大于5的介电常数材料制造的圆柱体绝缘主体,一个在主体圆柱体表面上的导电套筒,一个导电层配置在主体的横向延伸表面上,以便与该套筒形成由电介质材料填充的开口空腔,和一个与该空腔有关的馈源结构,其中该方法包括将从周围吸收的信号馈送给无线电信号接收机设备,和/或从无线电信号发射机向周围辐射信号,在所述的被馈送和/或被辐射的信号的至少一个频率上在所述开口端出现围绕套筒的环型谐振模式,其中当所述至少一个频率对应于沿所述空腔在所述开口端的波导波长时出现所述环型谐振模式,所述波导波长由所述开口圆周上的电长度限定为等于围绕所述圆周的所述工作频率波导波长的整数(1,2,3,…)倍,所述电长度由所述介电材料的相对介电常数和所述空腔的尺寸决定。
该天线和系统的进一步优选特征在说明书结尾出现的相关权利要求中阐述。
现在通过参照附图以举例方式描述本发明。
附图说明
图1是按照本发明包括一个天线的便携电话机透视图;
图2是图1出现的天线的透视图;
图3是当该天线谐振在环路模式时,表示所产生的水平极化辐射图;
图4A和4B是表示在形成图2的该天线零件的套筒中环型模式谐振的图;
图5是表示当该天线谐振在环型模式时产生的圆极化辐射图;
图6是图1的电话机的方框图;
图7是表示图1和图6所示电话机耦合器的图;
图8是按照本发明第二天线的透视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,手持通信设备,在该例子中,便携电话机具有带内部表面101的电话机主体10,当进行通话时至少该主体一部分通常对着用户头部安置,以便耳机10E邻近用户耳朵。电话机10具有安装在电话机主体10端部上的一个天线12,天线中心轴线12A如图所示沿主体19纵向伸展。
在图2中表示该天线12的细节。如同所见,该天线具有两个由陶瓷芯16圆柱外表面上金属导体轨迹形成的纵向延伸单元14A、14B。核心16具有轴线通道18,和内部金属线20,该通道容纳一个轴线内部馈电导体22。内部导体22和线20在该例子中形成穿过核心的同轴传输线,用于将馈电线23与天线单元14A、14B在核心末端表面16D上的馈电位置上耦合。在核心上的该导体也包括在末端表面16D上金属轨迹形成的相应连接径向天线单元14AR、14BR,在直径相反端14AE、14BE上将各自纵向延伸单元14A、14B连接到馈电线。这些径向单元与轴向传输线结合构成了平衡馈电端点。该天线单元14A,14B的另一端14AF、14BF也在直径上相反并且由围绕核心16接近端部分的镀金属套筒形式的圆柱导体24连接。该套筒随后通过核心16接近端表面上的横向伸展导电层26连接到轴向通道18的线22。套筒24和导电层26一起形成充满电介质核心材料的开口空腔,由基本上位于垂直与核心和天线整体中心轴12A的平面上的周边24R限定空腔的开口。
因此,套筒24覆盖了天线核心16的邻近部分,由此围绕由线20形成的同轴传输线和内部导体22,核心材料16充满了套筒24与线20之间的整个空间。如上共同待审查申请所述,套筒24和横向层26一起形成平衡一非平衡转换器,以便馈电线中的信号在该天线接近端部分上的非平衡状态与在末端表面16D上的至少近似平衡状态之间转换。
套筒24的另一个效果是套筒24的周边24R可以有效地构成经馈电线外导体代表的地线绝缘的环型电流路径,这意味着在绝缘条件下在延伸螺旋单元14A、14B中电流循环被限制在周边24R上,以便这些单元、周边和径向单元14AR、14BR一起形成绝缘环路。
在图示说明的天线中,纵向延伸螺旋单元14A、14B是等长度的,每个都是围绕核心16的轴线12A绕半圈的简单螺旋形式,螺旋单元的末端和接近端分别位于公共平面上,如图2的点划线28所表示的。传输线的平衡端也清楚地位于该平面上。这种结构的效果是当该天线谐振在环路模式时,它具有在轴线12A横向并且与平面28垂直方向辐射图中的零点。该辐射图因此在横穿轴线12A的水平和垂直平面上近似于8字型,如图3所示。通过图1、2和3所示的包括轴X、Y、Z的轴系统表示了图2所示的针对该天线的辐射图方向。该辐射图具有两个缺口,在天线每个侧面各一个。将辐射图零点之一定向在用户头部方向,该天线安装得其中心轴12A和平面28平行于手机10的内部表面10I,如图1所示。该天线的相对方向,其辐射图和电话机主体10通过比较轴系统X、Y、Z很清楚,如同图2所示,分别代表的图1和3出现的轴系统。
图2所示的天线由于套筒起波导作用也具有谐振。特别是,如果套筒圆周等于所需要的另一个工作频率上波导波长的整数,就建立环型模式,特征在于跨过空腔开口的直径方向上至少一个电压双振子。与径向连接14AR、14BR和传输线20、22一起起馈电系统作用的螺旋单元14A、14B给双振子一个旋转元件,以便它围绕中心轴12A旋转。在图4的平面图中表示了该效果,其中图示的双振子在高电压幅度的两个直径相反方向位置H之间延伸,箭头表示了旋转元件。该天线结构(使用Kimberley通信咨询有限公司微带组件生产的)的计算机模拟显示,环型谐振特征在于不仅在套筒周边24R上而且也在向下延伸到套筒内部表面到横向导电层或底板26上,在直径相反位置H上电流密度最大,如图4B所示。图4B的虚线表示在套筒内表面上恒定电流密度的近似恒值线。当周边24R的周长基本上等于所需要的另一个工作频率上的波长λg时,图4A和4B所示的辐射图对应环型谐振。当波导波长是周边周长整几分之一倍时,存在另外的环型谐振,于是,例如,两个或三个相反电流和电压最大值对出现,围绕周边24R和套筒24内表面分布。因此,在通常情况下,图4B所示的一对或几对直径方向相反电流最大值可以存在于工作频率或几个频率上。
在每种情况下,环型谐振获得各自频率上的圆极化辐射心型线辐射图,如图5所示。这必然是当该天线定向于向上空腔开口时,该天线特别适合于接收圆极化信号。以此方式,视野内卫星落入心型线响应曲线的上半球,基本上与方位无关。
因此,本申请利用作为平衡—非平衡转换器使用的套筒24来形成一个波导,该波导在圆波导模式谐振下被激励。这可以不使用例如GB-A-2292638所公开的现有四线天线的正交相位天线单元结构实现,这种现有技术的结构特征在于两个相互正交的直径相反方向的螺旋单元被排列得一对单元形成的导电路径部分比包含另一对单元的路径长。
上述旋转双振子是通过切线激励元件的效力实现的,该元件是通过将周边在直径相反位置连接到馈电系统螺旋单元获得的。有利地,螺旋单元14A、14B与连接单元14AR、14BR的每个串联组合具有等于波导四分之一波长的整数。图2所示的优选实施例具有螺旋和径向单元的组合,每个组合具有沿这些单元的半个波导波长的电长度,以便在末端表面16D上平衡馈电端的电流最大值转换为螺旋单元14A、14B与周边24R结合点14AF、14BF上的电流最大值。通过在环型谐振频率上起平衡—非平衡转换器作用的套筒24实现在末端表面16D上端点的平衡。
参照图2描述的该天线设计和尺寸选择得在全球星上行链路(用户到卫星)的1610到1625.5MHz发射频带上呈现环型谐振,而在欧洲GSM蜂窝电话的890到960MHz频带上呈现环路谐振。这些频带的第一个频带也是铱星电话系统的上行链路频带。在该第一频带上,套筒周边24R的电长度近似等于波导波长λg,即螺旋单元14A、14B与周边24R结合点之间的每个半环获得频带内频率上大约180度的相移。每个螺旋单元14A、14B和有关的径向连接单元14AR、14BR具有λg/2的电长度。尽管每个螺旋和径向单元组合明显比周边下半环长,却具有类似的电长度,因为两个电流路径所经历的相对介电常数有效值不同,所以在相同频率上沿周边的λg比沿螺旋和径向单元的λg短。
当径向和螺旋单元14AR、14A、一个或另一个半环周边24R和另一个螺旋和径向单元14B、14BR代表的环路导电路径具有一个波长的电长度时(即,相位变换360度),该实施例在GSM频带上出现环路谐振。
一般,当陶瓷芯16的相对介电常数εr是90,核心16的直径是10mm,平衡一非平衡转换器套筒24的轴向延伸是4mm和螺旋单元14A、14B的轴线长度(即,平行于轴线12A)大约14.85mm时,可以看出这些谐振。另一方面,如同上述公开的专利申请所描述的天线结构,在本说明书中引用作为参考。在本申请优选实施例中用于核心16的特定材料是钛酸钡或钛酸钕钡。
可以设计出给出不同谐振组合以适应不同服务的另一种天线,例如通过首先建立适合的扭曲环路尺寸,如GB-A-2309592所述,以适应所需要工作频率之一,然后调整套筒直径产生所需要的波导波长整数以适应另一个所需要工作频率。上述模拟组件可以用于观察该天线或该天线部件的软件模型中的电流和电场密度。如同参照图4B所述,环型谐振具有特别的可确认特性。频率组合的改变不仅通过选择不同介电常数和尺寸获得,而且可以通过允许周边、螺旋单元和它们径向连接的电长度以及平衡一非平衡转换器深度等于适当的波导波长或四分之一波导波长的整数倍获得。平衡一非平衡转换器深度与横向导电层或空腔底板的半径一起通常在λg/4范围,以实现核心末端表面16D上的平衡。可以使用λg或λg/4的奇数倍。
另外,环型谐振可以与上述公开申请所描述的其它谐振结构组合,包括特征在于单一端模式的准单振子谐振,其中径向连接14RA、14RB、螺旋单元14A、14B和套筒24组合形成从末端表面16D馈电端点直到横向导电层26与传输线外屏蔽20结合点的线性路径。
在本发明的其它实施例中,可以使用环型谐振本身。在图7中表示了免除谐振环路模式的另一个结构。在此情况下,每个螺旋单元14A、14B是四分之一匝单元(与图2实施例中的半匝单元不同),每个螺旋单元和其相连的径向连接14AR、14BR的电长度一般等于λg/4,获得环型谐振频率上的完整360度环路(周边24R的每个半环具有λg/2的电长度)。
在该天线多频带实施例中,信号可以通过如图6所示的耦合级在该天线与所连接无线电通信设备的射频(RF)前端级各个部分之间传递。该设备可以是具有参照图2描述的天线12的手持电话机设备,RF前端级部分30A、30B形成接收和/发射各自工作频率频带上信号的单独RF信道。这些前端级部分30A、30B通过耦合级32连接到该天线12,该耦合级具有天线馈电线的公共信号线32A和和各自前端级部分30A、30B的两个信号线32B、32C。上述公开的GB-A-2311675公开了双工器形式的一个耦合级,其原理可以用于不同频带内需要同时使用该天线12的场合。另一个方式,参照图8,可以使用阻抗匹配部分34和双向RF开关36(一般是一个PIN二极管器件)的简单组合。根据开关36的状态,公共线32A耦合到两个其它信号线或端口32B、32C之一,对该端口可以连接不同前端级部分。本领域技术人员应当理解,该天线12可以用于在单独物理设备之间被分散的通信设备,而非图6所示的单一设备10。
Claims (38)
1.一种具有超过200MHz工作频率的天线,包括:一个具有中心轴和大于5的相对介电常数形成的圆柱体绝缘主体,该主体的外表面限定了由实心材料占据主要部分的体积;一个在绝缘主体圆柱体表面上的导电套筒;一个在主体表面上沿轴线横向方向延伸的导电层;该导电套筒和导电层一起形成由实心材料填充的开口空腔;和一个与该空腔相关的馈源结构;其中所述相对介电常数和空腔的尺寸适于使开口圆周上的电长度等于围绕所述圆周对应所述工作频率波导波长的整数(1,2,3,...)倍。
2.按照权利要求1的天线,其中工作频率小于5GHz。
3.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其中馈源结构设计得激励在开口上围绕空腔周边的旋转波。
4.按照权利要求3的天线,其中馈源结构包括在绝缘主体的圆柱体表面上的延长螺旋单元。
5.按照权利要求4的天线,其中馈源结构进一步包括一个平衡馈电端,并且具有两个所述螺旋单元,这些螺旋单元沿轴向共同延伸、径向相对、并且每个从与馈电端各自连接点向空腔周边延伸,和其中每个螺旋单元和形成与馈电端各自连接的任何单元的电长度等于nλg/4,在此n是整数(1,2,3,...),而λg是沿该单元在所述工作频率上的波导波长。
6.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其中馈源结构包括一个平衡馈电端和一对导电轨迹从馈电端沿绝缘主体相反侧向向开口上空腔周边上直径方向相反位置延伸,和其中每个轨迹的电长度等于nλg/4,在此n是整数(1,2,3,...)而λg是沿该轨迹在所述工作频率上的波导波长。
7.按照权利要求5的天线,其中n等于2。
8.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其中馈源结构包括一个馈源线通过中心轴上的绝缘主体从与所述导电层的连接处向空腔开口外的馈电端延伸,并且其中套筒适于在所述工作频率上起平衡-非平衡转换器作用,由此将相邻导电层馈源线上的单端信号转换为馈电端的平衡信号。
9.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其中绝缘主体材料的相对介电常数在从50到100的范围内。
10.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于具有在工作频率上圆极化辐射的辐射图,该辐射图是心型线形状最大值沿绝缘主体轴线从空腔开口向外方向。
11.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是1575MHz。
12.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是1228MHz。
13.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是在从1597到1617MHz的范围内。
14.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是在从1240到1260MHz的范围内。
15.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是在从1610到1626.5MHz的范围内。
16.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是在从2483.5到2500MHz的范围内。
17.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是在从1626.5到1646.5MHz的范围内。
18.按照权利要求1或2的天线,其特征在于工作频率是在从1525到1545MHz的范围内。
19.按照权利要求1的天线,其中电介质芯具有在轴线方向伸展到空腔开口外的部分,并且馈源结构包括在所述核心部分表面上的导体图形。
20.按照权利要求19的天线,其中该导体包括轴向共伸螺旋单元,每个在一端连接到一个馈电端而另一端连接到侧壁周边。
21.按照权利要求20的天线,其中馈源结构进一步包括一个同轴传输线轴向通过空腔底壁和通过核心向所述馈电端延伸,该线的外屏蔽连接到空腔底板,由此套筒在端接点上起促进平衡的平衡-非平衡转换器的作用。
22.按照权利要求20或21的天线,其中螺旋单元端点位于包含中心轴的单一平面上,该天线呈现产生零点外的全方位辐射图的环路谐振,该零点在穿过核心垂直于所述平面的横向轴线上。
23.按照权利要求22的天线,其中在从824到960MHz范围或从1710到1990MHz范围内的频率上出现环路谐振。
24.根据权利要求1的天线,特征在于所述馈源结构包括一个旋转馈电系统,所述旋转馈电系统适于在所需要工作频率上激励该空腔中的波导谐振,该波导谐振包括被定向在直径方向跨过该空腔开口并且围绕该空腔中心轴旋转的至少一个电压对称振子,由此产生圆极化辐射图,该辐射图从该空腔开口向外方向并且在相反轴线方向具有零点。
25.一种移动电话系统,可工作在第一和第二分隔的频带上,该系统包括一个天线,一个耦合级和一个射频级,所述射频级具有第一和第二信道适于工作在各自所述频带内的频率上,其中:
该天线包括按照权利要求24的一个天线,该天线的所述工作频率是第一工作频率;
该天线核心伸展到空腔开口之外,
该馈电系统进一步包括一对起环路作用的延长导体,该环路在第二工作频率上呈现对于线性极化波的谐振,
出现圆极化和线性极化波谐振的工作频率分别在包含所述信道工作频率的隔开的频带内,并且该耦合级具有一个公共信号线连接到该天线的馈电系统,并且另一个信号线连接到射频级的各自输入,该输入分别与所述信道相关。
26.一种无线电通信系统,该系统包括按照权利要求1、2、19或20的天线,与该天线耦合、构成一个射频信号的接收或发射级,以便工作在该天线的所述工作频率上。
27.一种适于作为移动电话机的系统,用于接收具有圆极化的卫星信号,所述系统包括:
电介质加载空腔支持天线,该天线具有一个端部开口的空腔,所述空腔具有一个中心轴,并由以下部件构成:由具有大于5的相对介电常数的实心材料制成的电介质核心,位于所述核心周围的导电侧壁,和与所述侧壁相连的导电端壁,所述天线还包括从馈电连接向所述侧壁的周边延伸的横向相对的一对伸长的导电元件,所述周边限定所述空腔的轴向开口端,其中所述天线具有线性极化波的谐振的环型模式,其中伸长的元件表示导电环路,所述侧壁的周边在第一频率上谐振,产生具有相对于所述轴的横向的零点的辐射图,以及圆极化波的谐振的环型模式,其中所述侧壁的周边在离开第一频率的第二频率上谐振,产生具有轴向零点的心形辐射图,所述周边的周长基本上等于在第二频率上波导波长的整数(1,2,3,...)倍,并且伸长的元件作为第二谐振模式中的空腔的一个馈电系统;并且
与所述天线的馈电连接耦连的一个射频接收机,用于接收第二频率上的卫星信号。
28.按照权利要求27的一种系统,适于在与所接收卫星信号频率隔开的频带上的接收另外的陆地电话信号。
29.一种无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,该系统包括一个射频前端级工作在第一信号接收或发射频率上,并且连接到该前端级的一个天线包括:
一个圆柱体绝缘主体,具有中心轴并且由介电常数大于5的实心材料形成,该主体的外表面限定由实心材料占据主要部分的体积,
一个在该主体表面上的导电层,沿轴线横向延伸,
该导电套筒和层一起形成由实心材料填充的开口空腔,
和一个与该空腔有关的馈源结构,
其中所述相对介电常数和该空腔尺寸适于使其开口端上该空腔周边电长度等于对应第一信号频率的波导波长的整数倍(1,2,3,...)。
30.按照权利要求29的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,适于接收第一信号频率上的圆极化信号,其中馈源结构设计得促进围绕该空腔周边的旋转驻波。
31.按照权利要求29或30的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,其中馈源结构包括一对沿轴向共同延伸、径向相对的螺旋单元,每个螺旋单元从与该空腔开口外馈电端的各自连接点向该空腔周边延伸。
32.按照权利要求31的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,其中馈源结构进一步包括一个同轴传输线,通过在轴线上的核心从其屏蔽与所述导电层连接点向所述馈电端穿过,并且其中该空腔在第一信号频率上起平衡-非平衡转换器作用。
33.按照权利要求29或30的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,其中射频前端级适于工作在另外的第二接收或发射频率上,并且其中该核心具有在轴线方向上伸出该空腔开口之外的部分,和馈源结构包括一对在所述从该空腔周边向馈电端延伸的核心部分表面上的延长导体,所述导体在所述第二信号频率上对于线性极化信号呈现谐振,和其中该系统进一步包括一个耦合级,该耦合级具有连接该天线馈源结构的一个公共信号线和第一和第二用于连接的信号线,以分别工作在第一和第二信号接收频率上。
34.按照权利要求33的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,其中耦合级包括一个阻抗匹配部分和一个信号方向部分,两者连接在馈源结构和所述另外信号线之间,该信号方向部分设计得将第一信号频率上的另外信号线之一与公共信号线耦合到一起,并且将第二信号频率上另外信号线与公共信号线耦合到一起。
35.按照权利要求34的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,其中该对延长导体形成为扭曲环路,该导体端部位于包含中心轴的单一平面上,由此它们具有在第二信号频率上的有关辐射图,该辐射图除了对准穿过核心横向零点轴线上的零点外是全方位的。
36.按照权利要求35的无线电信号接收和/或发射系统,其中第一信号频率是1575MHz或1228MHz,或是在从1597到1617MHz或1240到1260MHz或1610到1626.5MHz或2483.5到2500MHz或1625.5到1645.5MHz或1525到1545MHz的范围内,而第二信号频率是在从824到960MHz或1710到1900MHz的范围内。
37.一种操作天线的方法,该天线具有一个大于5的介电常数材料制造的圆柱体绝缘主体,一个在主体圆柱体表面上的导电套筒,一个导电层配置在主体的横向延伸表面上,以便与该套筒形成由电介质材料填充的开口空腔,和一个与该空腔有关的馈源结构,其中该方法包括将从周围吸收的信号馈送给无线电信号接收机设备,和/或从无线电信号发射机向周围辐射信号,在所述的被馈送和/或被辐射的信号的至少一个频率上在所述开口端出现围绕套筒的环型谐振模式,
其中当所述至少一个频率对应于沿所述空腔在所述开口端的波导波长时出现所述环型谐振模式,所述波导波长由所述开口圆周上的电长度限定为等于围绕所述圆周的所述工作频率波导波长的整数(1,2,3,...)倍,所述电长度由所述介电材料的相对介电常数和所述空腔的尺寸决定。
38.按照权利要求37的操作天线的方法,其中吸收和辐射的信号是圆极化的。
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GBGB9828768.3A GB9828768D0 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1998-12-29 | An antenna |
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- 1999-11-19 CA CA002357041A patent/CA2357041C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-29 US US09/450,850 patent/US6552693B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107004950A (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2017-08-01 | At&T知识产权部有限合伙公司 | 用于传送电磁波的方法和装置 |
CN107004950B (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2020-03-03 | At&T知识产权一部有限合伙公司 | 用于传送电磁波的方法和装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69930407T2 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
CA2357041A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
GB9828768D0 (en) | 1999-02-17 |
CA2357041C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
US6552693B1 (en) | 2003-04-22 |
EP1147571A1 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
JP2002534823A (ja) | 2002-10-15 |
DE69930407D1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
JP3946955B2 (ja) | 2007-07-18 |
WO2000039887A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
GB2346014A (en) | 2000-07-26 |
KR20020004943A (ko) | 2002-01-16 |
GB9927490D0 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
KR100663873B1 (ko) | 2007-01-03 |
CN1338133A (zh) | 2002-02-27 |
ATE320664T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
EP1147571B1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
GB2346014B (en) | 2004-01-07 |
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