EP3219687B1 - Laminate and laminated glass - Google Patents
Laminate and laminated glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3219687B1 EP3219687B1 EP15859444.0A EP15859444A EP3219687B1 EP 3219687 B1 EP3219687 B1 EP 3219687B1 EP 15859444 A EP15859444 A EP 15859444A EP 3219687 B1 EP3219687 B1 EP 3219687B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- laminate
- laminated glass
- mass
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6707—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased acoustical insulation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
- B32B2307/102—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/542—Shear strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
- B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B25/042—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/08—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/18—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle rear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
- B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
- B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
- B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate.
- the present invention relates to a laminate having excellent sound insulating properties and bending strength with respect to a laminated glass prepared therefrom and using a polyvinyl acetal film.
- the present invention relates to a laminate and a laminated glass in which a lowering of sound insulating performance in a high-frequency region to be caused due to a coincidence phenomenon is suppressed and which are excellent in sound insulating properties.
- the present invention relates to a laminate and a laminated glass in which a time-dependent change of sound insulating performance after preparation of the laminated glass is small and which are excellent in stability of sound insulating performance.
- the present invention relates to a laminate and a laminated glass which are excellent in sound insulating properties over a broad temperature range.
- Polyvinyl acetals represented by polyvinyl butyral are excellent in adhesion to or compatibility with various organic or inorganic base materials and solubility in organic solvents, and they are widely utilized as various adhesives or binders for ceramic, various inks, paints, and the like as well as safety glass interlayer films.
- interlayer film films containing a polyvinyl acetal and a plasticizer are widely utilized as an interlayer film for laminated glass because they are excellent in adhesion to a glass and transparency and also in mechanical strength and flexibility (the interlayer film for laminated glass will be hereinafter also referred to simply as "interlayer film").
- the coincidence threshold frequency means a lowest frequency in a frequency region where a coincidence effect in which the sound insulating performance falls in a high-frequency region as compared with that expected by the mass law
- the coincidence threshold frequency shifts toward the high-frequency side, so that the sound insulating performance in a high-frequency region is lowered.
- the above-described phenomenon is liable to take place, so that improvements were required.
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a laminate with excellent sound insulating properties and a laminated glass using the same.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a laminate with excellent sound insulating properties and bending strength and a laminated glass using the same.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a laminate and a laminated glass in which a lowering of sound insulating performance in a high-frequency region to be caused due to a coincidence phenomenon is suppressed and which are excellent in sound insulating properties.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a laminate and a laminated glass in which a time-dependent change of sound insulating performance after preparation of the laminated glass is small and which are excellent in stability of sound insulating performance.
- a fifth object of the present invention is to provide a laminate and a laminated glass which are excellent in sound insulating properties over a broad temperature range.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is 1.30 MPa or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a shear storage modulus of the layer A at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is 0.6 to 3.0 MPa.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a shear storage modulus of the laminate at a temperature of 50°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is 1.3 MPa or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which when a laminated glass prepared by using the laminate as an interlayer film for glass is subjected to a damping test by a central exciting method, a maximum loss factor at a frequency of 2,000 Hz and at a temperature of 0 to 50°C is 0.2 or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which when a laminated glass obtained by interposing the laminate between two sheets of glass having a width of 50 mm, a length of 300 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm is subjected to a damping test by a central exciting method to measure a loss factor in a tertiary mode, a width of the temperature range where the loss factor is 0.2 or more is 15°C or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which in interposing the laminate between two sheets of float glass having a length of 300 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 1.9 mm, a loss factor at a quaternary resonance frequency as measured at 20°C by a central exciting method is 0.2 or more, and a bending rigidity at the quaternary resonance frequency in accordance with ISO 16940 (2008) is 150 N ⁇ m or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which with respect to a laminated glass prepared by interposing the laminate between glasses having a thickness 2 mm and holding for contact bonding under conditions at a temperature of 140°C and at a pressure of 1 MPa for 60 minutes, a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method is 0.2 or more; and with respect to the laminated glass after holding at 18°C for one month, a ratio ⁇ / ⁇ of a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method to the loss factor ⁇ is 0.70 or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the ratio ⁇ / ⁇ is 0.80 or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the ratio ⁇ / ⁇ is 1.20 or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which with respect to a laminated glass containing the laminate after holding the laminated glass at 18°C for one hour, a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method is 0.2 or more; and with respect to a laminated glass after heating the laminated glass having been held at 18°C for one month at 100°C for 24 hours, a ratio ⁇ / ⁇ of a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method to the loss factor ⁇ is 0.80 or more and 1.30 or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the ratio ⁇ / ⁇ is 1.20 or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the ratio ⁇ / ⁇ is 0.87 or more and 1.20 or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a content of a plasticizer in the layer or layers B is 25 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a content of a plasticizer in the layer or layers B is less than 20 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a content of a plasticizer in the layer or layers B containing a polyvinyl acetal resin is 25 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the plasticizer is an ester-based plasticizer or an ether-based plasticizer each having a melting point of 30°C or lower and a hydroxyl value of 15 to 450 mgKOH/g or less.
- the plasticizer is an ester-based plasticizer or an ether-based plasticizer each having a melting point of 30°C or lower and a hydroxyl value of 15 to 450 mgKOH/g or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the plasticizer is an ester-based plasticizer or an ether-based plasticizer each being amorphous and having a hydroxyl value of 15 to 450 mgKOH/g or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a viscosity average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 100 to 5,000.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol used for synthesis of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 300 to 1,000.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a content of a vinyl alcohol unit of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 5 to 35 mol%.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the polyvinyl acetal resin is polyvinyl butyral.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a content of the hard segment in the block copolymer is 5 to 40% by mass relative to the total amount of the block copolymer.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which the block copolymer is a block copolymer having an aromatic vinyl polymer block and an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block, or a hydrogenated product of the polymer.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a content of an aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the block copolymer is 5 to 40% by mass relative to the whole of the monomer units in the block copolymer.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate having the layer A in which a height of the peak at which a tan ⁇ is maximum is 0.5 or more.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which a ratio of a sum total of the thickness of the layers A to a sum total of the thickness of the layers B ((sum total of the thickness of the layers A) / (sum total of the thickness of the layers B)) is in the range of from 1/30 to 1/1.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which when preparing a laminated glass, a transmittance at a wavelength of 1,500 nm is 50% or less.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which one or more heat insulating fine particles selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, zinc antimonate, lanthanum hexaboride, a metal element composite tungsten oxide, a phthalocyanine compound, and a naphthalocyanine compound are included as a heat insulating material.
- one or more heat insulating fine particles selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, zinc antimonate, lanthanum hexaboride, a metal element composite tungsten oxide, a phthalocyanine compound, and a naphthalocyanine compound are included as a heat insulating material.
- the laminate is preferably a laminate in which in a three-point bending test of a laminated glass obtained by interposing the laminate between two sheets of float glass of 26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness, a breaking strength (temperature: 20°C, inter-fulcrum distance: 55 mm, test speed: 0.25 mm/min) is 0.5 kN or more.
- a laminated glass with excellent sound insulating characteristics and bending strength can be prepared. According to this, it becomes possible to apply the laminated glass in a place where an external load influences, and sound insulating properties are required, such as glass building materials for building and sunroofs or rear glasses for automobile. Meanwhile, in view of the fact that the laminated glass is excellent in bending strength, it also becomes possible to make a glass to be used for the laminated glass thin, and weight reduction of the laminated glass can be realized without impairing the strength of the laminated glass.
- a laminate and a laminated glass in which a time-dependent change of sound insulating performance after preparation of the laminated glass is small and which are excellent in stability of sound insulating performance.
- the laminate of the present invention is a laminate comprising the layer A laminated between the at least two layers B.
- a response of stress when distortion of a sinusoidal waveform is applied to a viscoelastic body is defined as a complex modulus.
- a phase shift is generated between the sinusoidal wave of distortion to be applied and the sinusoidal wave of stress obtained as the response, and this phase difference is expressed in terms of ⁇ .
- the complex modulus is expressed in terms of an equality using a complex number, and a real part of the complex modulus is called a storage modulus, whereas an imaginary part thereof is called a loss modulus.
- a complex shear modulus a shear storage modulus, and a shear loss modulus, respectively.
- a value obtained by dividing the loss modulus by the storage modulus is called a loss tangent and expressed in terms of tan ⁇ .
- the value of tan ⁇ is a loss factor, and it is meant that the higher the loss factor at a certain temperature, the higher the sound insulating properties at that temperature.
- a peak (maximum point) on the low-temperature side is a peak derived from a relatively soft viscoelastic body
- a peak (maximum point) on the high-temperature side is a peak derived from a relatively hard viscoelastic body.
- the peak on the low-temperature side is a peak derived from the layer A (in the case where plural peaks are present, the instant peak means a highest peak)
- the peak on the high-temperature side is a peak derived from the layer B.
- the layer A which is used for the laminate of the present invention includes a composition containing a specified resin.
- the sound insulating properties of the resulting laminate can be improved.
- the resin to be contained in the layer A which is used in the present invention has a peak at which a tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is maximum at -40°C or higher, more preferably at -30°C or higher, and still more preferably at -20°C or higher.
- the resin to be contained in the layer A has a peak at which the tan ⁇ is maximum at 30°C or lower, more preferably at 10°C or lower, and still more preferably at 0°C or lower.
- the peak at which the tan ⁇ of the resin to be contained in the layer A is maximum is present at 30°C or lower, excellent sound insulating properties are exhibited in a temperature region where the layer A is used as a laminated glass.
- the peak at which the tan ⁇ of the resin to be contained in the layer A is maximum is present at -40°C or higher, the shear storage modulus of the layer A is a suitable value, and the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region are excellent.
- the tan ⁇ of the resin to be contained in the layer A is measured by the method described in the Examples as described later.
- a method of adjusting the peak at which the tan ⁇ of the resin to be contained in the layer A is maximum to -40 to 30°C there are, for example, exemplified a method of using a thermoplastic elastomer having a content of a hard segment (for example, an aromatic vinyl polymer block) of 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less relative to the total amount of a block copolymer (for example, a block copolymer having an aromatic vinyl polymer block and an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block) ; a method of controling a structure of a soft segment, for example, allowing a content ratio of a branched monomer in a conjugated diene block, a ratio of a 1,4-bond, a 1,2-bond, and a 3,4-bond, or a hydrogenation ratio to fall within an appropriate range;
- a content ratio of an isoprene unit in the copolymer is preferably 20% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- a ratio of a sum total of the 1,2-bond and the 3,4-bond is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, and still more preferably 40 mol% or more, and especially preferably 50 mol% or more relative to a sum total of the 1,4-bond, the 1,2-bond, and the 3,4-bond.
- the hydrogenation ratio is preferably 60 mol% or more, more preferably 65 mol% or more, still more preferably 70 mol% or more, and especially preferably 75 mol% or more.
- the layer A which is used in the present invention may be composed of only a specified resin or may be one including the resin and other component.
- the layer A has a peak at which a tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is maximum preferably at -40°C or higher, more preferably at -30°C or higher, and still more preferably at -20°C or higher.
- the layer A has a peak at which the tan ⁇ is maximum at 30°C or lower, more preferably at 10°C or lower, and still more preferably at 0°C or lower.
- the peak at which the tan ⁇ of the layer A is maximum is present at 30°C or lower, excellent sound insulating properties are liable to be exhibited in a temperature region where the layer A is used as a laminated glass.
- the peak at which the tan ⁇ of the layer A is maximum is present at -40°C or higher, the shear storage modulus of the layer A is a suitable value, and when formed as a laminated glass, the resulting laminated glass tends to become excellent in sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region.
- the tan ⁇ of the layer A is measured by the method described in the Examples as described later.
- a method of adjusting the peak at which the tan ⁇ of the layer A is maximum to -40 to 30°C there are, for example, exemplified a method of using, as the resin to be contained in the layer A, a resin having a peak at which a tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is maximum at -40 to 30°C; and the like.
- the laminate of the present invention contains a thermoplastic elastomer in the layer A.
- the layer A containing a thermoplastic elastomer contains two or more thermoplastic elastomers having a different peak temperature of tan ⁇ (a temperature of the peak at which the tan ⁇ is maximum) from each other.
- the sound insulating properties become high in the vicinity of a specified temperature related to the peak temperature of tan ⁇ , and hence, in view of the fact that the layer A containing a thermoplastic elastomer contains two or more thermoplastic elastomers having a different peak temperature of tan ⁇ from each other, the sound insulating properties can be enhanced over a broader temperature range.
- thermoplastic elastomers having a different peak temperature of tan ⁇ from each other are preferably a thermoplastic elastomer including a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer or a conjugated diene monomer, or a hydrogenated product of the copolymer.
- the copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer or a conjugated diene monomer, or the hydrogenated product of the copolymer has suitable viscoelasticity. For that reason, in view of the fact that such a thermoplastic elastomer is included in the laminate, suitable sound insulating properties are revealed.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass having improved sound insulating properties while improving adhesion to a glass can be provided.
- a difference in the peak temperature of tan ⁇ is preferably 5°C or more, more preferably 10°C or more, and still more preferably 15°C or more.
- a width of the temperature range where the loss factor is 0.2 or more is narrow, so that the sound insulating properties over a broad temperature range tend to be hardly revealed.
- a difference between the peak temperature of tan ⁇ of the thermoplastic elastomer to be contained in at least one layer A and the peak temperature of tan ⁇ of the thermoplastic elastomer to be contained in the other layer A is preferably 5°C or more, more preferably 10°C or more, and still more preferably 15°C or more.
- thermoplastic elastomers to be contained in the at least two layers A When the difference in the peak temperature of tan ⁇ between the thermoplastic elastomers to be contained in the at least two layers A is less than 5°C, a width of the temperature range where the loss factor is 0.2 or more is narrow, so that the sound insulating properties over a broad temperature range tend to be hardly revealed.
- a height of at least one peak of tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.75 or more, and still more preferably 0.8 or more.
- the height of the peak at which the tan ⁇ is maximum is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 1.3 or more, and still more preferably 1.5 or more.
- the sound insulating properties of the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass tend to become low.
- a method of obtaining the layer A satisfying the above-described conditions there is exemplified a method of using, for the layer A, a resin in which a height of at least one peak of tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is 0.5 or more.
- the height of at least one peak of tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.75 or more, and still more preferably 0.8 or more.
- the height of the peak at which the tan ⁇ is maximum is preferably 1.0 or more, more preferably 1.3 or more, and still more preferably 1.5 or more. In the resin to be contained in the layer A, when the height of the peak of tan ⁇ is less than 0.5, the sound insulating properties of the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass tend to become low.
- the glass transition temperature of the resin to be contained in the layer A is preferably 10°C or lower, and more preferably -5°C or lower.
- a lower limit of the glass transition temperature of the resin to be contained in the layer A is not particularly limited, and the glass transition temperature of the resin to be contained in the layer A is preferably -50°C or higher, and more preferably -40°C or higher.
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may be adopted for the measurement method of glass transition temperature.
- a shear storage modulus of the layer A which is used in the present invention (or the resin to be contained in the layer A) at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.2 MPa or more, and still more preferably 0.3 MPa or more.
- the shear storage modulus of the layer A is preferably 5.0 MPa or less, more preferably 4.0 MPa or less, still more preferably 3.0 MPa or less, yet still more preferably 1.0 MPa or less, especially preferably 0.8 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 0.6 MPa or less.
- the shear storage modulus of the layer A is less than 0.1 MPa, there is a concern that handling properties in producing the laminate are deteriorated, or unevenness of film thickness is caused.
- the shear storage modulus of the layer A is more than 5.0 MPa, a damping performance as the interlayer film for laminated glass becomes low, so that the function as a sound insulating film tends to be lowered.
- the layer A in which the shear storage modulus is 0.1 MPa or more and 5.0 MPa or less can be, for example, obtained by a method of adjusting the content of the hard segment (for example, an aromatic vinyl polymer block) by selecting, as the resin to be contained in the layer A, a thermoplastic elastomer that is a resin constituted of a hard segment and a soft segment, as a block copolymer, with a content of the hard segment being 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less; or a method of adjusting the kinds of monomers constituting a hard segment or a soft segment, binding forms, glass transition temperatures of the respective segments per se, and the like.
- a method of adjusting the content of the hard segment for example, an aromatic vinyl polymer block
- a shear storage modulus of the layer A which is used in the present invention (or the resin to be contained in the layer A) at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 0.6 MPa or more, more preferably 0.8 MPa or more, and still more preferably 1.0 MPa or more.
- the shear storage modulus of the layer A is preferably 3.0 MPa or less, more preferably 2.0 MPa or less, and still more preferably 1.5 MPa or less.
- the shear storage modulus of the layer A is less than 0.6 MPa, the rigidity of the laminate tends to be lowered.
- the shear storage modulus of the layer A is more than 3.0 MPa, the moldability or handling properties tend to be lowered.
- the layer A in which the shear storage modulus is 0.6 MPa or more and 3.0 MPa or less can be, for example, obtained by a method of adjusting the content of the hard segment by using a block copolymer (for example, a block copolymer having an aromatic vinyl polymer block and an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block) as the resin to be contained in the resin composition constituting the layer A and using a thermoplastic elastomer having a content of the hard segment (for example, an aromatic vinyl polymer block) of 14% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less relative to the total amount; or a method of adjusting the kinds of monomers constituting a hard segment or a soft segment, binding forms, glass transition temperatures of the respective segments per se, and the like.
- a block copolymer for example, a block copolymer having an aromatic vinyl polymer block and an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block
- a thermoplastic elastomer having a content of the hard segment for example,
- the shear storage modulus is an index of a component stored inside the body and can be determined from a relation between dynamic modulus and temperature under a constant heating rate in measurement temperature in a strain control type dynamic viscoelasticity instrument.
- the measurement condition of the shear storage modulus can be properly set, for example, the measurement can be conducted by setting at a frequency of 1 Hz and at a temperature of -40 to 100°C.
- a test system in JIS K 7244-10 includes a stress control system and a strain control system.
- a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer can be used for a testing instrument in JIS K 7244-10.
- the parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer is constituted of two coaxial rigid parallel disks.
- the dynamic viscoelastic characteristics such as a shear loss modulus, a shear storage modulus, etc., can be measured by placing a test sheet between the disks and fixing one of the disks and vibrating the other disk at a fixed frequency.
- a diameter of the disk is generally 20 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and a thickness of the test sheet is defined as a distance between the disks.
- a test sheet In order to minimize a measurement error, it is desired to use a test sheet of about 3 g or more and 5 g or less and allow the thickness of the test sheet to fall within the range of 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
- a ratio of the diameter of the disk to the thickness of the test sheet is desirably in the range of 10 or more and 50 or less.
- the test sheet is formed in a disk shape by means of injection molding, compression molding, or cutting-out from the sheet. Besides, a pellet, a liquid, or a molten polymer may be filled between the disks. In addition, a gap between the two flat plates is completely filled by the test sheet.
- testing temperature is measured by bringing a thermometer into contact with the disk on the immobile side or burying the thermometer in the disk on the immobile side. Heating is conducted by means of forced convection, high-frequency heating, or an appropriate method. The test sheet and the disk are thoroughly held until the testing instrument reaches the thermal equilibrium state at the testing temperature such that measured values of the shear loss modulus and the shear storage modulus do not change.
- An equilibrium time is desirably 15 minutes or more and 30 minutes or less.
- thermoplastic elastomer (Thermoplastic elastomer)
- thermoplastic elastomer (sometimes referred to simply as "elastomer”) is used.
- thermoplastic elastomer include thermoplastic elastomers, such as a polystyrene-based elastomer (soft segment: polybutadiene, polyisoprene, etc.
- /hard segment polystyrene
- a polyolefin-based elastomer soft segment: ethylene propylene rubber/hard segment: polypropylene
- a polyvinyl chloride-based elastomer soft segment: polyvinyl chloride/hard segment: polyvinyl chloride
- a polyurethane-based elastomer soft segment: polyether, polyester, or polycarbonate/hard segment: polyurethane
- a polyester-based elastomer soft segment: aliphatic polyester/hard segment: aromatic polyester
- a polyether ester-based elastomer soft segment: polyether/hard segment: polyester
- a polyamide-based elastomer soft segment: polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyester, or polyether/hard segment: polyamide ⁇ nylon resin>
- a polybutadiene-based elastomer soft segment: amorphous butyl rubber/hard segment: syndiotactic
- a content of the hard segment in the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 7% by mass or more, still more preferably 8% by mass or more, yet still more preferably 10% by mass or more, even yet still more preferably 14% by mass or more, especially preferably 16% by mass or more, and most preferably 18% by mass or more relative to the total amount of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- a content of the hard segment is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 20% by mass or less, and especially preferably 15% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- the content of the hard segment is less than 5% by mass, there is a tendency that the molding of the layer A is difficult, the height of the peak of tan ⁇ is small, the bending rigidity of the laminate is small, or the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region is lowered.
- the content of the hard segment is more than 40% by mass, there is a tendency that the characteristics as the thermoplastic elastomer are hardly exhibited, the stability of sound insulating performance is lowered, or the sound insulating characteristics in the vicinity of room temperature are lowered.
- a content of the soft segment in the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and especially preferably 85% by mass or more relative to the total amount of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- the content of the soft segment is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 92% by mass or less, still more preferably 90% by mass or less, yet still more preferably 88% by mass or less, even yet still more preferably 86% by mass or less, especially preferably 84% by mass or less, and most preferably 82% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- the content of the soft segment is less than 60% by mass, the characteristics as the thermoplastic elastomer tend to be hardly exhibited.
- the content of the soft segment is more than 95% by mass, there is a tendency that the molding of the layer A is difficult, the height of the peak of tan ⁇ is small, the bending rigidity of the laminate is small, or the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region are lowered.
- the contents of the hard segment and the soft segment in the thermoplastic elastomer are each considered as an average value of the mixture.
- thermoplastic elastomer From the viewpoint of making both the moldability and the sound insulating properties compatible with each other, it is more preferred to use a block copolymer having a hard segment and a soft segment as the thermoplastic elastomer. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of further improving the sound insulating properties, it is preferred to use a polystyrene-based elastomer.
- crosslinked rubbers of natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, acrylic rubber, fluorine rubber, and the like may be used as the thermoplastic elastomer.
- the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably a copolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer or a conjugated diene monomer, or a hydrogenated product of the copolymer.
- the copolymer is preferably a block copolymer having an aromatic vinyl polymer block and an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block, for example, a polystyrene-based elastomer.
- the binding form of these polymer blocks is not particularly limited, and it may be any of a linear binding form, a branched binding form, a radial binding form, and a combined binding form of two or more thereof. Of those, a linear binding form is preferred.
- examples of the linear binding form include a diblock copolymer expressed by a-b, a triblock copolymer expressed by a-b-a or b-a-b, a tetrablock copolymer expressed by a-b-a-b, a pentablock copolymer expressed by a-b-a-b-a or b-a-b-a-b, an (a-b) n X type copolymer (X represents a coupling residual group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and a mixture thereof .
- a diblock copolymer or a triblock copolymer is preferred, and the triblock copolymer is more preferably a triblock copolymer expressed by a-b-a.
- a sum total of an aromatic vinyl monomer unit and an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and still more preferably 98% by mass or more relative to the whole of the monomer units. It is to be noted that a part or the whole of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer blocks in the block copolymer may be hydrogenated.
- a content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the block copolymer is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 7% by mass or more, still more preferably 8% by mass or more, yet still more preferably 14% by mass or more, especially preferably 16% by mass or more, and most preferably 18% by mass or more relative to the whole of the monomer units of the block copolymer.
- a content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably 25% by mass or less, especially preferably 20% by mass or less, and most preferably 15% by mass or less relative to the whole of the monomer units of the block copolymer.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the block copolymer is less than 5% by mass, there is a tendency that the molding of the layer A is difficult, a slippage of glasses is caused due to heat, the height of the peak of tan ⁇ is small, the bending rigidity of the laminate is small, or the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region are lowered.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the block copolymer is more than 40% by mass, there is a tendency that the characteristics as the thermoplastic elastomer are hardly exhibited, or the stability of sound insulating performance is lowered.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the block copolymer can be determined from a charge ratio of the respective monomers in synthesizing the block copolymer, or the measurement results of 1 H-NMR or the like of the block copolymer.
- a proportion of the monomer species was determined from the measurement results of 1 H-NMR, and the proportion of each monomer was described in terms of % by mass.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the block copolymer is considered as an average value of the mixture.
- a monomer other than the aromatic vinyl monomer may be copolymerized so long as its amount is small.
- a proportion of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the aromatic vinyl polymer block is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and still more preferably 98% by mass or more relative to the whole of the monomer units in the aromatic vinyl polymer block.
- aromatic vinyl monomer constituting the aromatic vinyl polymer block examples include styrene; alkylstyrenes, such as ⁇ -methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 4-propylstyrene, 4-cyclohexylstyrene, 4-dodecylstyrene, etc.; arylstyrenes, such as 2-ethyl-4-benzylstyrene, 4-(phenylbutyl)styrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, etc.; halogenated styrenes; alkoxystyrenes; vinylbenzoate esters; and the like. These aromatic vinyl monomers may be used solely or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
- a content of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 75% by mass or more, yet still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and especially preferably 85% by mass or more relative to the whole of the monomer units of the block copolymer.
- the content of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 92% by mass or less, still more preferably 90% by mass or less, yet still more preferably 88% by mass or less, even yet still more preferably 86% by mass or less, especially preferably 84% by mass or less, and most preferably 82% by mass or less relative to the whole of the monomer units of the block copolymer.
- the content of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer is less than 60% by mass, there is a tendency that the characteristics as the thermoplastic elastomer are hardly exhibited, or the stability of sound insulating performance is lowered.
- the content of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer is more than 95% by mass, there is a tendency that the molding of the layer A is difficult, the height of the peak of tan ⁇ is small, the bending rigidity of the laminate is small, or the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region are lowered.
- the content of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer can be determined from a charge ratio of the respective monomers in synthesizing the block copolymer, or the measurement results of 1 H-NMR or the like of the block copolymer.
- a proportion of the monomer species was determined from the measurement results of 1 H-NMR, and the proportion of each monomer was described in terms of % by mass.
- the content of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the block copolymer is considered as an average value of the mixture.
- a monomer other than the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer may be copolymerized so long as its amount is small.
- a proportion of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer unit in the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and still more preferably 98% by mass or more relative to the whole of the monomer units in the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block.
- Examples of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer constituting the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-phenyl-1-butene, 6-phenyl-1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 5-methyl-1-hexene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-pentene, 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, vinylcyclohexane, hexafluoropropene, tetrafluoroethylene, 2-fluoropropene, fluoroethylene, 1,1-difluoroethylene, 3-fluoropropene, triflu
- the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer is preferably an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 4 or more carbon atoms, and is preferably an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon having 12 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 8 or less carbon atoms.
- butadiene, isoprene, and a combination of butadiene and isoprene are preferred.
- the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer is preferably a conjugated diene.
- the block is preferably a hydrogenated product resulting from hydrogenating a part or the whole thereof.
- a hydrogenation ratio is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
- the hydrogenation ratio as referred to herein is a value obtained by measuring an iodine value of the block copolymer before and after the hydrogenation reaction.
- a weight average molecular weight of the block copolymer is preferably 30,000 or more, and more preferably 50,000 or more. From the viewpoints of mechanical characteristics and molding processability, the weight average molecular weight of the block copolymer is preferably 400,000 or less, and more preferably 300,000 or less.
- a ratio (Mw/Mn) of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight of the block copolymer is preferably 1.0 or more.
- the ratio (Mw/Mn) of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight of the block copolymer is preferably 2.0 or less, and more preferably 1.5 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight refers to a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene determined by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement
- the number average molecular weight refers to a number average molecular weight in terms ofpolystyrene determined by the GPC measurement.
- the block copolymer can be, for example, produced by an anionic polymerization method, a cationic polymerization method, a radical polymerization method, or the like.
- anionic polymerization specific examples thereof include:
- thermoplastic elastomer in the case of using a conjugated diene as the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer, by adding an organic Lewis base on the occasion of anionic polymerization, a 1,2-bond quantity and a 3,4-bond quantity of the thermoplastic elastomer can be increased, and the 1, 2-bond quantity and the 3,4-bond quantity of the thermoplastic elastomer can be easily controlled by the addition amount of the organic Lewis base. By controlling them, the peak temperature or height of tan ⁇ can be adjusted.
- organic Lewis base examples include esters, such as ethyl acetate, etc.; amines, such as triethylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N-methylmorpholine, etc.; nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compounds, such as pyridine, etc.; amides, such as dimethylacetamide, etc.; ethers, such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, etc.; glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, etc.; sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.; and the like.
- esters such as ethyl acetate, etc.
- amines such as triethylamine, N,N,N',N
- the hydrogenation reaction can be conducted by dissolving the obtained unhydrogenated polystyrene-based elastomer in a solvent inert to a hydrogenation catalyst or using the unhydrogenated polystyrene-based elastomer without being isolated from a reaction liquid, and allowing the unhydrogenated polystyrene-based elastomer to react with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.
- the hydrogenation ratio is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and still more preferably 90% or more.
- the hydrogenation catalyst examples include Raney nickel; heterogeneous catalysts in which a metal, such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ni, etc., is supported on a carrier, such as carbon, alumina, diatomaceous earth, etc.; Ziegler-based catalysts composed of a combination of a transition metal compound with an alkylaluminum compound, an alkyllithium compound, etc.; metallocene-based catalysts; and the like.
- the hydrogenation reaction can be generally conducted under conditions at a hydrogen pressure of 0.1 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less and at a reaction temperature of 20°C or higher and 250°C or lower for a reaction time of 0.1 hours or more and 100 hours or less.
- an antioxidant an ultraviolet ray absorber, a photostabilizer, an antiblocking agent, a pigment, a dye, a heat insulating material, and the like may be added as other components, if desired.
- examples of the antioxidant, the ultraviolet ray absorber, and the photostabilizer include those to be contained in the layer B as described later.
- the laminate can be given a heat insulating function, and a transmittance at wavelength of 1500 nm can be regulated to 50% or less when the a laminated glass is formed, by incorporating the heat insulating material, for example, an inorganic heat insulating fine particle or a heat insulating compound into the layer A
- the heat insulating material is described later in detail.
- the content of the thermoplastic elastomer component is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, especially preferably 90% by mass or more, and most preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the content of the thermoplastic elastomer in the layer A is less than 60% by mass, there is a tendency that the characteristics as the thermoplastic elastomer are hardly exhibited, or the optical characteristics are impaired.
- the thermoplastic elastomer is contained in an amount of preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and still more preferably 13% by mass or more in the laminate.
- the content of the thermoplastic elastomer in the laminate is less than 5% by mass, the sound insulating properties tend to be lowered.
- a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 1 MPa or more, and more preferably 2 MPa or more.
- the shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C is less than 1 MPa, there is a tendency that stickiness of the layer B increases, and the process passing properties in a production process of a laminated glass are lowered.
- the shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C is preferably 10.0 MPa or more.
- the shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C is preferably 12.0 MPa or more, more preferably 20.0 MPa or more, still more preferably 40.0 MPa or more, especially preferably 60.0 MPa or more, and most preferably 80.0 MPa or more.
- the layer B having a shear storage modulus of 10.0 MPa or more can be, for example, obtained by regulating an amount of a plasticizer to 50 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin, such as a polyvinyl acetal resin, etc.
- an upper limit of the shear storage modulus at 25°C is not particularly limited, and it is preferably 900 MPa or less from the viewpoints of moldability and handling properties of the laminate.
- the layer B serving as the outermost layer contains at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl acetal resin and an ionomer.
- the layer B serving as the outermost layer is constituted of a composition containing the above-described thermoplastic resin, the weather resistance or strength of the interlayer film for laminated glass can be improved, or the bending strength or penetration resistance of the resulting laminated glass can be improved.
- the layer B composed of a composition containing a polyvinyl acetal resin is preferred.
- the layer B serving as the outermost layer is constituted of polyvinyl butyral.
- the laminate in interposing the laminate of the present invention between two sheets of float glass having a length of 300 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 1.9 mm, the laminate is selected in such a manner that a loss factor at a quaternary resonance frequency as measured at 20°C by a central exciting method is 0.2 or more, and a bending rigidity at the quaternary resonance frequency as calculated in accordance with ISO 16940 (2008) is 150 N ⁇ m or more.
- the resin satisfying such prescriptions is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the above-described thermoplastic resins and the like.
- the resin which is used for the layer B of the present invention includes a resin having adhesion to a glass.
- the resin having such properties is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the above-described thermoplastic resins and the like.
- the layer B contains the thermoplastic resin in an amount of preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 60% by mass or more, especially preferably 80% by mass or more, and much more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the layer B may be constituted of only the thermoplastic resin.
- a kind of the ionomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include resins having a constituent unit derived from ethylene and a constituent unit derived from an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid, in which at least a part of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid is neutralized with a metal ion.
- a metal ion there is, for example, a sodium ion.
- a content proportion of the constituent unit of an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably 2% by mass or more, and more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the content proportion of the constituent unit of an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- an ionomer of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and an ionomer of an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer are preferred.
- the ethylene-based ionomer there can be exemplified a sodium ionomer of an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and a sodium ionomer of an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer as especially preferred examples.
- Examples of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid constituting the ionomer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, monomethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, maleic anhydride, and the like. Of those, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is especially preferred.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer is a polyolefin-based polymer having an adhesive functional group given thereto.
- the adhesion of the film obtained by molding the resin composition constituting the layer B to a glass can be improved.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer and the polyvinyl acetal resin are mixed and used in combination
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer works as a compatibilizing agent between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin, and hence, the transparency of the film obtained by molding the resin composition can be improved.
- Examples of the adhesive functional group that the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer include a carboxyl group, a boronic acid group, a silanol group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an acid anhydride group, a (meth) acryloyloxy group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, a halogen atom, such as a chlorine atom, etc. , and the like.
- a carboxyl group, a boronic acid group, a silanol group, an epoxy group, or an isocyanate group is preferred from the standpoint of reactivity with the hydroxyl group in the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer can be, for example, obtained by reaction of olefin and a monomer having an adhesive functional group by a known method through random copolymerization, block copolymerization, graft copolymerization, or graft reaction. Of those, random copolymerization, graft copolymerization, or graft reaction is preferred, and a graft reaction product obtained through graft reaction is more preferred.
- the graft reaction product as referred to herein means a product in which the majority of graft side chains is one to which one monomer but not a polymer is added, as in maleic anhydride modification.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer is also obtained by subjecting a polyolefin-based resin to a reaction, such as oxidation, chlorination, etc., by a known method.
- a reaction such as oxidation, chlorination, etc.
- an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the like can be used as the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin.
- Propylene is preferred as the olefin which is used for the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer may also be a polymer obtained through copolymerization of propylene with an ⁇ -olefin other than propylene and a monomer having an adhesive functional group.
- Examples of the ⁇ -olefin include ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, cyclohexene, and the like.
- the ⁇ -olefin can be copolymerized with a monomer having an adhesive functional group, and there is exemplified a method, such as random copolymerization, block copolymerization, graft copolymerization, etc.
- a proportion of a structural unit derived from such an ⁇ -olefin other than propylene relative to the whole of the structural units is preferably 0 mol% or more, and it is preferably 45 mol% or less, more preferably 35 mol% or less, and still more preferably 25 mol% or less.
- Examples of the monomer having an adhesive functional group include vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, acrylamide, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride. Of those, an unsaturated carboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride is preferred. Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride include (meth) acrylic acid, a (meth) acrylate ester, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, himic acid, himic anhydride, and the like. Of those, maleic acid and maleic anhydride are more preferred. These monomers having an adhesive functional group may be used solely or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer polypropylene or a styrene-diene-based elastomer each containing a carboxyl group as the adhesive functional group, namely an (anhydrous) carboxylic acid-modified polypropylene-based resin or an (anhydrous) carboxylic acid-modified styrene-diene-based elastomer, is preferred, and in particular, an (anhydrous) maleic acid-modified polypropylene-based resin or an (anhydrous) maleic acid-modified styrene-diene-based elastomer is more preferred.
- examples of a monomer copolymerizable with the olefin include alkyl acrylates, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, isohexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc.; and methacrylate esters, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, isohexyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, isooctt
- a proportion of the adhesive function group is preferably 1 ⁇ eq/g or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ eq/g or more, and optimally 3 ⁇ eq/g or more relative to the whole of the structural units of the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer.
- the proportion of the adhesive function group is preferably 1,500 ⁇ eq/g or less, more preferably 700 ⁇ eq/g or less, and optimally 500 ⁇ eq/g or less relative to the whole of the structural units of the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer.
- the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer can play a role as the above-described thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin.
- the thermoplastic resin which can be used in the present invention also includes a thermoplastic resin not containing an adhesive functional group-free thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin but containing only an adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer as the thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin as one of preferred embodiments.
- a content of the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.6 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 1 part by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- the content of the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer is less than 0.5 parts by mass, compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin tends to be not sufficient.
- a content of the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more, and more preferably 3 parts by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 40 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- a content of the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.6 parts by mass or more, and still more preferably 1 part by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic elastomer.
- the content of the adhesive functional group-containing polyolefin-based polymer is smaller than 0.3 parts by mass, an effect for compatibilizing the polyvinyl acetal resin and the thermoplastic polyolefin-based resin with each other tends to be not sufficient.
- An average degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 40 mol% or more, and it is preferably 90 mol% or less.
- the average degree of acetalization is less than 40 mol%, the compatibility with a solvent, such as a plasticizer, etc. , is not preferred.
- the average degree of acetalization is more than 90 mol%, there is a concern that the reaction for obtaining the polyvinyl acetal resin takes a long time, so that such is not preferred from the process standpoint.
- the average degree of acetalization is more preferably 60 mol% or more, and from the viewpoint of water resistance, it is still more preferably 65 mol% or more.
- the average degree of acetalization is more preferably 85 mol% or less, and still more preferably 80 mol% or less.
- a content of the vinyl acetate unit of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 30 mol% or less.
- the content of the vinyl acetate unit is more preferably 20 mol% or less.
- a content of the vinyl alcohol unit of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, still more preferably 15 mol% or more, yet still more preferably 18 mol% or more, even yet still more preferably 20 mol% or more, even still more preferably 22 mol% or more, and yet even still more preferably 25 mol% or more.
- the content of the vinyl alcohol unit of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 45 mol% or less, still more preferably 40 mol% or less, yet still more preferably 35 mol% or less, even yet still more preferably 30 mol% or less, yet even still more preferably 25 mol% or less, and especially preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the content of the vinyl alcohol unit is smaller than 5 mol%, there is a tendency that the adhesion to a glass is lowered, or the strength of the layer B is lowered.
- the plasticizer in the case where a compound having a hydroxyl group as described later is used as the plasticizer, there is a tendency that it is impossible to allow the hydroxyl group that the plasticizer has and the polyvinyl acetal resin to have a sufficient interaction (hydrogen bond), and as a result, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes unpreferable, so that the plasticizer is liable to migrate into another resin layer.
- the content of the vinyl alcohol unit is more than 50 mol%, there is a tendency that the water resistance is lowered, or it becomes difficult to control the penetration resistance or impact resistance function required for an interlayer film as the safety glass.
- compatibility with a solvent, such as a plasticizer, etc. is lowered to cause bleedout of the plasticizer, or hygroscopicity of the laminate becomes high, so that humidity resistance is lowered, or whitening is liable to be caused.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is generally constituted of a vinyl acetal unit, a vinyl alcohol unit, and a vinyl acetate unit, and these respective units can be, for example, measured by the "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Butyral" of JIS K 6728 or a nuclear magnetic resonance method (NMR).
- the polyvinyl acetal resin contains a unit other than the vinyl acetal unit
- the remaining vinyl acetal unit quantity can be calculated.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced by a conventionally known method, and representatively, the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced by acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde. Specifically, there is exemplified a method in which polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in warm water, the resulting aqueous solution is held at a prescribed temperature, for example, 0°C or higher, preferably 10°C or higher and 90°C or lower, and preferably 20°C or lower, the necessary acid catalyst and aldehyde are added, the acetalization reaction is allowed to proceed while stirring, and subsequently, the reaction temperature is increased to 70°C to conduct aging, thereby accomplishing the reaction, followed by neutralization, water washing, and drying to obtain a powder of the polyvinyl acetal resin; or the like.
- a prescribed temperature for example, 0°C or higher, preferably 10°C or higher and 90°C or lower, and preferably 20°C or lower
- a viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol serving as a raw material of the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 300 or more, still more preferably 400 or more, yet still more preferably 600 or more, even yet still more preferably 700 or more, yet even still more preferably 750 or more, especially preferably 900 or more, and most preferably 1, 200 or more.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is too low, there is a concern that the penetration resistance or creep resistance properties, particularly creep resistance properties under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, such as those at 85°C and at 85% RH, are lowered.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 5,000 or less, more preferably 3,000 or less, still more preferably 2,500 or less, especially preferably 2,300 or less, and most preferably 2,000 or less.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is more than 5,000, there is a concern that the molding of a resin film is difficult.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 1,800 or less, more preferably 1,500 or less, still more preferably 1,100 or less, and especially preferably 1,000 or less.
- the laminate of the present invention is interposed as an interlayer film for laminated glass between thin-film glasses and used as a laminated glass, in order to enhance the bending strength of the resulting laminated glass, it is preferred to make the quantity of the plasticizer small.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin coincides with the viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol serving as a raw material
- the above-described preferred viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol coincides with the preferred viscosity average polymerization degree of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the vinyl acetate unit of the resulting polyvinyl acetal resin it is preferred to set the vinyl acetate unit of the resulting polyvinyl acetal resin to 30 mol% or less, and hence, it is preferred to use polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70 mol% or more.
- the saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol is less than 70 mol%, there is a concern that transparency or heat resistance of the polyvinyl acetal resin is lowered, and also, there is a concern that the reactivity with the aldehyde is lowered, too.
- the saponification degree is more preferably 95 mol% or more.
- the viscosity average polymerization degree and saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol can be, for example, measured in accordance with the "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Alcohol" of JIS K 6726.
- the aldehyde which is used for acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably an aldehyde having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms.
- the carbon number of the aldehyde is more than 12, the reactivity of the acetalization is lowered, and moreover, blocking of the resin is liable to be generated during the reaction, and the synthesis of the polyvinyl acetal resin is liable to be accompanied with difficulties.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic, aromatic, or alicyclic aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyl aldehyde, isobutyl aldehyde, valeraldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, 2-ethylbutyl aldehyde, n-heptyl aldehyde, n-octyl aldehyde, n-nonyl aldehyde, n-decyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, etc.
- aldehyde such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyl aldehyde, isobutyl aldehyde, valeraldehyde, n-hexy
- aliphatic aldehydes having 2 or more and 6 or less carbon atoms are preferred, and above all, butyl aldehyde is especially preferred.
- the above-described aldehydes may be used solely or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
- a small amount of a polyfunctional aldehyde or an aldehyde having other functional group, or the like may also be used in combination in an amount in the range of 20% by mass or less.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is most preferably polyvinyl butyral.
- modified polyvinyl butyral obtained by subjecting polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer obtained by saponifying a copolymer of a vinyl ester and other monomer to butyralization with butyl aldehyde can be obtained.
- examples of the other monomer include ⁇ -olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, n-butene, isobutylene, etc.; acrylate esters, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, etc.; methacrylate esters, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, etc.; acrylamides and derivatives thereof, such as acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide,
- methacrylamides and derivatives thereof such as methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, methacrylamidepropanesulfonic acid and a salt thereof, methacrylamidepropyldimethylamine and a salt or quaternary salt thereof, N-methylolmethacrylamide and a derivative thereof, etc.
- vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, i-butyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, stearyl vinyl ether, etc.
- nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, etc.
- vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, etc.
- vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride, vinylidene fluoride, etc.
- allyl compounds such as allyl acetate, allyl
- the other monomer is not limited thereto.
- such other monomer in general, such other monomer is used in a proportion of less than 10 mol% relative to the vinyl carboxylate compound.
- styrene and styrene derivatives monomers having a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or a carboxylate group, and the like can be used.
- a plasticizer for example, an inorganic heat insulating fine particle or an organic heat insulating material each having infrared absorption ability
- a heat insulating material for example, an inorganic heat insulating fine particle or an organic heat insulating material each having infrared absorption ability
- plasticizer which is used for the layer B of the present invention is not particularly limited, carboxylic acid ester-based plasticizers, such as monovalent carboxylic acid ester-based or polyvalent carboxylic acid ester-based plasticizers, etc.; phosphate ester-based plasticizers; organic phosphite ester-based plasticizers; and the like can be used.
- polymeric plasticizers such as carboxylic acid polyester-based, carbonic acid polyester-based, or polyalkylene glycol-based plasticizers, etc.; ester compounds of a hydroxycarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, such as castor oil, etc.; and hydroxycarboxylic acid ester-based plasticizers, such as an ester compound of a hydroxycarboxylic acid and a monohydric alcohol, etc., can also be used.
- the monovalent carboxylic acid ester-based plasticizer is a compound obtained through a condensation reaction between a monovalent carboxylic acid, such as butanoic acid, isobutanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, etc., and a polyhydric alcohol, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerin, etc., and specific examples of the compound include triethylene glycol di-2-diethylbutanoate, triethylene glycol diheptanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dioctanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutanoate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate,
- polyvalent carboxylic acid ester-based plasticizer there are exemplified compounds obtained through a condensation reaction between a polyvalent carboxylic acid, such as adipic acid, succinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, etc., and an alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, dodecanol, butoxyethanol, butoxyethoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
- a polyvalent carboxylic acid such as adipic acid, succinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, etc.
- the compound examples include dihexyl adipate, di-2-ethylbutyl adipate, diheptyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di(butoxyethyl) adipate, di(butoxyethoxyethyl) adipate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, dibutyl sebacate, dihexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylbutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, di(2-ethylbutyl) phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate, didodecyl phthalate, and the like.
- Examples of the phosphoric acid-based plasticizer or phosphorous acid-based plasticizer include compounds obtained through a condensation reaction between phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid and an alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, dodecanol, butoxyethanol, butoxyethoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
- the compound examples include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tri(butoxyethyl) phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphite, and the like.
- carboxylic acid polyester-based plasticizer there may be used carboxylic acid polyesters obtained through alternate copolymerization between a polyvalent carboxylic acid, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecane diacid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboyxlic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, etc., and a polyhydric alcohol, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6
- a terminal structure of such a carboxylic acid polyester is not particularly limited, and it may be a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, or it may also be an ester bond resulting from allowing a terminal hydroxyl group or a terminal carboxyl group to react with a monovalent carboxylic acid or a monohydric alcohol.
- carbonic acid polyester-based plasticizer examples include carbonic acid polyesters obtained through alternate copolymerization of a polyhydric alcohol, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol, 1,9-nonaned
- a carbonate ester such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- a terminal structure of such a carbonic acid polyester compound is not particularly limited, it may be a carbonate ester group, a hydroxyl group, or the like.
- polyalkylene glycol-based plasticizer examples include polymers obtained through ring opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, oxetane, etc., with a monohydric alcohol, a polyhydric alcohol, a monovalent carboxylic acid, or a polyvalent carboxylic acid as an initiator.
- an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, oxetane, etc.
- a monohydric alcohol a polyhydric alcohol, a monovalent carboxylic acid, or a polyvalent carboxylic acid as an initiator.
- hydroxycarboxylic acid ester-based plasticizer examples include monohydric alcohol esters of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, such as methyl ricinoleate, ethyl ricinoleate, butyl ricinoleate, methyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate, and butyl 6-hydroxyhexnoate; polyhydric alcohol esters of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, such as ethylene glycol di(6-hydroxyhexanoic acid) ester, diethylene glycol di(6-hydroxyhexanoic acid) ester, triethylene glycol di(6-hydroxyhexanoic acid) ester, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol di(6-hydroxyhexanoic acid) ester, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol di(2-hydroxybuturic acid) ester, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol di(3-hydroxybutyric
- polyhydric alcohol ester compounds of a hydroxyl carboxylic acid in which a number of k groups derived from a hydroxycarboxylic acid are replaced with a group derived from a carboxylic acid not containing a hydroxyl group or with a hydrogen atom can also be used, and as such a hydroxyl carboxylic acid ester, those obtained by a conventionally known method can also be used.
- these plasticizers may be used solely or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
- the plasticizer is contained in the layer B, from the viewpoints of compatibility with the resin (particularly, the polyvinyl acetal resin) to be used for the layer B together with the plasticizer, low migration properties into another layer, and enhancement of non-migration properties, it is preferred to use an ester-based plasticizer or an ether-based plasticizer, each of which has a melting point of 30°C or lower and a hydroxyl value of 15 mgKOH/g or more and 450 mgKOH/g or less, or an ester-based plasticizer or an ether-based plasticizer, each of which is amorphous and has a hydroxyl value of 15 mgKOH/g or more and 450 mgKOH/g or less.
- the term "amorphous" as referred to herein means that a melting point is not observed at a temperature of -20°C or higher.
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 15 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or more, and optimally 45 mgKOH/g or more.
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 450 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 360 mgKOH/g or less, and optimally 280 mgKOH/g or less.
- the ester-based plasticizer include polyesters satisfying the above-described prescriptions (e.g.
- the above-described carboxylic acid polyester-based plasticizer and carbonic acid polyester-based plasticizers, etc.) and hydroxycarboxylic acid ester compounds e.g., the above-described hydroxycarboxylic acid ester-based plasticizers, etc.
- examples of the ether-based plasticizer include polyether compounds satisfying the above-described prescriptions (e.g., the above-described polyalkylene glycol-based plasticizers, etc.).
- a content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by mass or less, preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, especially preferably 6 parts by mass or less, and most preferably 0 part by mass (namely, the plasticizer is not contained) based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, such as the polyvinyl acetal resin, etc.
- the content of the plasticizer is more than 50 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, such as the polyvinyl acetal resin, etc., there is a tendency that the handling properties of the laminate are deteriorated, or the shear storage modulus of each of the layer B and the laminate is lowered.
- a compound having a hydroxyl group can be used as the plasticizer.
- a proportion of the content of the compound having a hydroxyl group relative to the total amount of the plasticizer to be used for the layer B is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, still more preferably 20% by mass or more, yet still more preferably 50% by mass or more, even yet still more preferably 70% by mass or more, especially preferably 80% by mass or more, and most preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the proportion of the content of the compound having a hydroxyl group relative to the total amount of the plasticizer to be used for the layer B is preferably 100% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and still more preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group has high compatibility with the resin, particularly the polyvinyl acetal resin or ionomer and is low in migration properties into another resin layer, and hence, a laminate with excellent stability in sound insulating performance can be obtained.
- antioxidants examples include phenol-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, and the like. Of those, phenol-based antioxidants are preferred, and alkyl-substituted phenol-based antioxidants are especially preferred.
- phenol-based antioxidant examples include acrylate-based compounds, such as 2-t-butyl-6-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylp henyl acrylate, 2,4-di-t-amyl-6-(1-(3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)ph enyl acrylate, etc.; alkyl-substituted phenol-based compounds, such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis(6-t-
- Examples of the phosphorus-based antioxidant include monophosphite-based compounds, such as triphenyl phosphite, diphenylisodecyl phosphite, phenyldiisodecyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris(dinonylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2,4-di-t-butyl) phosphite, tris(cyclohexylphenyl) phosphite, 2,2-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)octyl phosphite, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 10-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-9,10-d
- sulfur-based antioxidant examples include dilauryl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, distearyl 3,3-thiodipropionate, lauryl stearyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol-tetrakis-( ⁇ -lauryl-thiopropionate), 3,9-bis(2-dodecylthioethyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]und ecane, and the like.
- a compounding amount of the antioxidant is preferably 0.001 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin.
- the compounding amount of the antioxidant is preferably 5 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin.
- examples of the ultraviolet ray absorber include benzotriazole-based ultraviolet ray absorbers, such as 2-(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-bis( ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzot riazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazo le, 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzot riazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-t-octylphenyl)triazole, etc.; hindered amine-based ultraviolet ray absorbers, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-
- An addition amount of such an ultraviolet ray absorber is preferably 10 ppm or more, and more preferably 100 ppm or more on the basis of a mass relative to the thermoplastic resin.
- the addition amount of the ultraviolet ray absorber is preferably 50,000 ppm or less, and more preferably 10,000 ppm or less on the basis of a mass relative to the thermoplastic resin.
- the addition amount of the ultraviolet ray absorber is smaller than 10 ppm, there is a concern that the sufficient effects are hardly exhibited, whereas even when the addition amount of the ultraviolet ray absorber is more than 50,000 ppm, remarkable effects are not expected.
- These ultraviolet ray absorbers can also be used in combination of two or more thereof.
- photostabilizer examples include hindered amine-based materials, such as "ADEKA STAB LA-57 (a trade name)", manufactured by Adeka Corporation and "TINUVIN 622 (a trade name)", manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.
- a method of controlling the adhesion in general, there are exemplified a method of adding an additive to be used as an adhesion modifier of a laminated glass, a method of adding an additive of every sort for modifying the adhesion, and the like.
- a method of adding an additive to be used as an adhesion modifier of a laminated glass a method of adding an additive of every sort for modifying the adhesion, and the like.
- adhesion modifier for example, those disclosed in WO 03/033583A can be used; alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts are preferably used; and examples thereof include salts of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and the like.
- the salt include salts of organic acids, such as octanoic acid, hexanoic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, etc.; inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.; and the like.
- an optimal addition amount of the adhesion modifier varies with the additive to be used, it is preferably adjusted in such a manner that an adhesive force of the resulting laminate to a glass is generally adjusted to 3 or more and 10 or less in a pummel test (described in WO 03/033583A or the like).
- the addition amount of the adhesion modifier is more preferably adjusted in such a manner that the adhesive force is 3 or more and 6 or less, whereas in the case where high glass scattering preventing properties are required, the addition amount of the adhesion modifier is more preferably adjusted in such a manner that the adhesive force is 7 or more and 10 or less.
- high glass scattering preventing properties it is also a useful method that the adhesive modifier is not added.
- the laminate of the present invention is composed of a laminate in which the layer A having the above-described properties is laminated between the at least two layers B having the above-described properties. By taking such a constitution, a laminate with excellent sound insulating properties and bending strength is obtained.
- the laminate of the present invention can be suitably used as an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- a production method of the laminate of the present invention is not particularly limited, the laminate may be produced by a method in which after uniformly kneading the resin composition constituting the layer B, the layer B is prepared by a known film formation method, such as an extrusion method, a calender method, a pressing method, a casting method, an inflation method, etc., the layer A is prepared with the resin by the same method, and these layers may be laminated by means of press molding or the like, or the layer B, the layer A, and other necessary layer may be molded by a co-extrusion method.
- a known film formation method such as an extrusion method, a calender method, a pressing method, a casting method, an inflation method, etc.
- a resin temperature at the time of extrusion is preferably 150°C or higher, and more preferably 170°C or higher.
- the resin temperature at the time of extrusion is preferably 250°C or lower, and more preferably 230°C or lower.
- a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 1.30 MPa or more, more preferably 2.00 MPa or more, and still more preferably 3.00 MPa or more.
- the shear storage modulus under the above-described conditions is 1.30 MPa or more, on the occasion of using the laminate for a laminated glass, the bending strength is improved.
- the shear storage modulus under the above-described conditions is preferably 10.0 MPa or less, more preferably 8.00 MPa or less, and still more preferably 6.00 MPa or less.
- the laminate in which the shear storage modulus as measured under the above-described conditions is 1.30 MPa or more can be, for example, obtained by laminating a layer A including a composition containing an elastomer having a peak at which a tan ⁇ is maximum, in the range of from -40 to 30°C and a plurality of layers B having a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C of 10.0 MPa or more in such a manner that the layer A is interposed between the at least two layers B.
- a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 50°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is preferably 1.30 MPa or more, more preferably 1.50 MPa or more, and still more preferably 2.00 MPa or more.
- the above-described shear storage modulus is 1.30 MPa or more, in particular, even when the temperature of the laminate increases to 50°C or higher, the bending strength is improved on the occasion of using the laminate for a laminated glass.
- the shear storage modulus under the above-described condition is preferably 6.00 MPa or less, more preferably 4.00 MPa or less, and still more preferably 3.00 MPa or less.
- the laminate having a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 50°C as measured under the above-described condition of 1.30 MPa or more can be obtained by laminating a layer A including a composition containing an elastomer having a peak at which a tan ⁇ is maximum, in the range of from -40 to 30°C and a plurality of layers B having a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C of 10.0 MPa or more in such a manner that the layer A is interposed between the at least two layers B.
- a film thickness of the layer A is 20 ⁇ m or more, preferably 25 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, especially preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, and most preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the film thickness of the layer A is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- a film thickness of the layer B is preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more.
- the film thickness of the layer B is preferably 650 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 350 ⁇ m or less, and yet still more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the layer B is less than 100 ⁇ m, there is a tendency that the bending rigidity of the laminate is small, so that the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region are lowered, whereas when the film thickness of the layer B is more than 650 ⁇ m, there is a tendency that the sound insulating properties are lowered regardless of the frequency region, or a time-dependent change of sound insulating performance is liable to be caused, so that the stability of sound insulating performance is lowered.
- a total thickness of the entirety of the layer B is preferably 300 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 400 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 500 ⁇ m or more, and especially preferably 600 ⁇ m or more.
- the total thickness of the entirety of the layer B is preferably 750 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 720 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 700 ⁇ m or less.
- a ratio of the total thickness of the layer A to the total thickness of the layer B ((total thickness of the layer A) / (total thickness of the layer B)) is 1/1 or less, preferably 1/2 or less, and more preferably 1/3 or less.
- the ratio of the total thickness of the layer A to the total thickness of the layer B is preferably 1/30 or more, more preferably 1/15 or more, still more preferably 1/6.5 or more, and especially preferably 1/5 or more.
- thermoplastic elastomer to be contained in the layer A is only one kind (or, even in the case where two or more kinds of thermoplastic elastomers are contained in the layer A, when thermoplastic elastomers in which a difference in the peak temperature of tan ⁇ is less than 5°C are used)
- a film thickness of the thermoplastic elastomer layer is 20 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 30 ⁇ m or more, and it is preferably 120 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the layer A containing the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, and it is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 160 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the layer A containing the thermoplastic elastomer is preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and it is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 260 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the layer A containing the thermoplastic elastomer falls outside the preferred range, there is a tendency that the sound insulating properties at room temperature are lowered, or the bending strength of the resulting laminated glass is lowered.
- a film thickness of the layer B is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the film thickness of the layer B is preferably 1,000 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the layer B is less than 50 ⁇ m, there is a tendency that the bending strength of the laminate becomes small, or the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region are lowered.
- the laminate in the present embodiment has a lamination constitution in which a layer A 1 is interposed between a layer B 2a and a layer B 2b.
- the lamination constitution in the laminate is determined depending upon the purpose, it may be, in addition to the lamination constitution of (layer B)/(layer A)/(layer B), a lamination constitution of (layer B)/(layer A)/(layer B)/(layer A), or (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer B) .
- the laminate is a two-layer constitution as in (layer A) / (layer B), the sound insulating properties or bending strength of the interlayer film for laminated glass tends to be lowered.
- One or more layers may also be included as a layer (referred to as "layer C") other than the layers A and B.
- layer C a layer
- lamination constitutions such as (layer B)/(layer A) / (layer C) / (layer B), (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer B) / (layer C), (layer B) / (layer C) / (layer A) / (layer C) / (layer B), (layer B) / (layer C) / (layer A) / (layer B) / (layer C), (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer C) / (layer B) / (layer C), (layer C) / (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer B) / (layer C), (layer C) / (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer B) / (layer C), (layer C) / (layer B) / (layer A) / (layer B) / (layer C),
- a layer composed of a known resin is usable as the layer C.
- a layer composed of a known resin is usable as the layer C.
- a plasticizer an antioxidant, an ultraviolet ray absorber, a photostabilizer, an antiblocking agent, a pigment, a dye, a heat insulating material (for example, an inorganic heat insulating fine particle or an organic heat insulating material each having infrared absorption ability), and the like may also be added, if desired.
- the laminate can be given a heat insulating function, and a transmittance at wavelength of 1500 nm can be regulated to 50% or less when the a laminated glass is formed, by incorporating the heat insulating material, for example, an inorganic heat insulating fine particle or a heat insulating compound into the laminate of the present invention.
- the heat insulating fine particle may be contained in any of the layer A and the layer B, and the layer C to be included, if desired.
- the heat insulating fine particle may be contained in only any one of the layers, or may be contained in the plural layers. In the case of incorporating the insulating fine particle, from the viewpoint of suppressing the optical unevenness, it is preferred that the insulating fine particle is contained in the at least one layer A.
- the heat insulating fine particle examples include a metal-doped indium oxide, such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), etc., a metal-doped tin oxide, such as antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), etc., a metal-doped zinc oxide, such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), etc., a metal element composite tungsten oxide represented by a general formula: M m WO n (M represents a metal element; m is 0.01 or more and 1.0 or less; and n is 2.2 or more and 3.0 or less), zinc antimonate (ZnSb 2 O 5 ), lanthanum hexaboride, and the like.
- a metal-doped indium oxide such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), etc.
- a metal-doped tin oxide such as antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), etc.
- ITO, ATO, and a metal element composite tungsten oxide are preferred, and a metal element composite tungsten oxide is more preferred.
- the metal element represented by M in the metal element composite tungsten oxide include Cs, Tl, Rb, Na, K, and the like, and in particular, Cs is preferred.
- m is preferably 0.2 or more, and more preferably 0.3 or more, and it is preferably 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.4 or less.
- a content of the heat insulating fine particle is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and especially preferably 0.2% by mass or more relative to the whole of the resins used for the layers constituting the laminate.
- the content of the heat insulating fine particle is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- an average particle diameter of the heat insulating fine particle is preferably 100 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or less. It is to be noted that the average particle diameter of the heat insulating particle as referred to herein means one measured by a laser diffraction instrument.
- the heat insulating compound examples include phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, and the like. From the viewpoint of further improving the heat insulating properties, it is preferred that the heat insulating compound contains a metal.
- the metal examples include Na, K, Li, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Mn, Sn, V, Ca, Al, and the like, with Ni being especially preferred.
- a content of the heat insulating compound is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more relative to the whole of the resins used for the layers constituting the laminate.
- the content of the heat insulating compound is preferably 1% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
- a concave and convex structure such as a melt fracture, an embossing, etc.
- a shape of the melt fracture or embossing is not particularly limited, and those which are conventionally known can be adopted.
- a total film thickness of the laminate is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the total film thickness of the laminate is preferably 10,000 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 3,000 ⁇ m or less.
- the constitution of the laminate of the present invention is included in the inside of a glass, it is possible to obtain a laminated glass with excellent bending strength, a laminated glass with excellent sound insulating properties, particularly sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region, a laminated glass with excellent sound insulating properties and stability of sound insulating performance, and a laminated glass with excellent sound insulating properties over a broad temperature range.
- the laminated glass of the present invention can be suitably for a windshield for automobile, a side glass for automobile, a sunroof for automobile, a rear glass for automobile, or a glass for head-up display; a building member for a window, a wall, a roof, a sunroof, a sound insulating wall, a display window, a balcony, a handrail wall, or the like; a partition glass member of a conference room, etc.; and the like.
- a cross-sectional shape of the laminate to be used is preferably a shape in which an end surface side of one side is thick, whereas an end surface side of the other side is thin.
- the cross-sectional shape may be a shape in which the whole is a wedge shape in such a manner that it becomes gradually thin from the end surface side of one side toward the end surface side of the other side, or may be a shape in which a part of the cross section is a wedge shape such that the thickness is identical until an arbitrary position between the end surface of one side and the end surface of the other side, and it becomes gradually thin from the foregoing arbitrary position toward the end surface of the other side.
- a thickness of the glass constituting the laminated glass of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably 100 mm or less.
- the laminate of the present invention is excellent in bending strength, even when a laminated glass is prepared by using a thin sheet glass having a thickness of 2.8 mm or less, weight reduction of the laminated glass can be realized without impairing the strength of the laminated glass.
- a thickness of at least one sheet of glass is preferably 2.8 mm or less, more preferably 2.5 mm or less, still more preferably 2.0 mm or less, and especially preferably 1.8 mm or less.
- a laminated glass in which thinning and weight reduction have been realized without impairing the bending strength can be prepared.
- the difference in thickness between the respective glasses is preferably 0.5 mm or more.
- the sound insulating properties of the laminated glass can be evaluated in terms of a loss factor obtained by a damping test by a central exciting method.
- the damping test is a test for evaluating what value does the loss factor take by the frequency or temperature.
- a loss factor that becomes maximum in a certain temperature range is called a maximum loss factor.
- a value of loss factor relative to a frequency at a fixed temperature is obtained.
- the measurement is carried out by varying the temperature to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50°C, respectively, and a linear form of the loss factor relative to the temperature at a fixed frequency can be obtained from the obtained value.
- the maximum loss factor is an index expressing a virtue of damping, and specifically, it is an index expressing how fast the bending vibration generated in a platy material decays. Namely, the maximum loss factor is an index of sound insulating properties, and it may be said that the higher the maximum loss factor of a laminated glass, the higher the sound insulating properties of the laminated glass are.
- the maximum loss factor at a frequency of 2,000 Hz and at a temperature of 0 to 50°C is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, and still more preferably 0.28 or more.
- the maximum loss factor under the above-described conditions is less than 0.20, the sound insulating properties of the laminated glass are poor, so that the resulting laminated glass is not suited for an application aiming at the sound insulation.
- the laminated glass in which the maximum loss factor as measured under the above-described conditions is 0.20 or more can be obtained by laminating a layer A including a composition containing an elastomer having a peak at which a tan ⁇ is maximum, in the range of from -40 to 30°C and a plurality of layers B having a shear storage modulus at a temperature of 25°C as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test of 10.0 MPa or more in such a manner that the layer A is interposed between the at least two layers B.
- a loss factor at a quaternary resonance frequency as measured at 20°C by a central exciting method is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.4 or more, and still more preferably 0.6 or more.
- the loss factor at a quaternary resonance frequency can be, for example, measured by the following method.
- the laminate is interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (300 mm in length ⁇ 25 mm in width ⁇ 1.9 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass is prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature is increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes).
- the center of the laminated glass is fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter of a mechanical impedance instrument, a vibration is given to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 10,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point are detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration is given) is determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and in an impedance curve obtained by setting the frequency on the abscissa and the mechanical impedance on the ordinate, respectively, the loss factor of the laminated glass at a quaternary resonance frequency can be determined from a frequency expressing a peak of the quaternary mode and a half-width value.
- a bending rigidity at the quaternary resonance frequency as calculated in accordance with ISO 16940 (2008) is preferably 150 N ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 200 N ⁇ m or more.
- the bending rigidity at a quaternary resonance frequency is less than 150 N ⁇ m, the coincidence phenomenon is liable to be generated, so that the sound insulating properties in a high-frequency region tends to be lowered.
- an acoustic transmission loss at 6,300 Hz as calculated in accordance with ISO 16940 (2008) by using the loss factor and bending rigidity at a quaternary resonance frequency is preferably 43 dB or more, and more preferably 45 dB or more.
- An acoustic transmission loss at 8,000 Hz is preferably 50 dB or more, and more preferably 53 dB or more.
- An acoustic transmission loss at 10,000 Hz is preferably 56 dB or more, and more preferably 60 dB or more.
- the laminate of the present invention is preferably a laminate having the layer A located between the at least two layers B and satisfying such that with respect to a laminated glass prepared by interposing the laminate of the present invention between glasses having a thickness 2 mm and holding for contact bonding under conditions at a temperature of 140°C and at a pressure of 1 MPa for 60 minutes, a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method is 0.2 or more, and with respect to the laminated glass after holding at 18°C for one month, a ratio ⁇ / ⁇ of a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method to the loss factor ⁇ is 0.70 or more; or a laminate having the layer A located between the at least two layers B and satisfying such that with respect to a laminated glass prepared by interposing the laminate of the present invention between glasses having a thickness 2 mm and holding for contact bonding under conditions at a temperature of 140°C and
- a first constitution is a constitution in which the layer A is a layer containing a block copolymer having at least one aromatic vinyl polymer block and at least one aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block, or a hydrogenated product of the copolymer;
- the layer B is a layer containing an ionomer resin or a polyvinyl acetal resin and not containing a plasticizer or containing a plasticizer, and in the case of containing a plasticizer, a content of the plasticizer is more than 0 and 30 parts by mass or less (preferably 25 parts by mass or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and especially preferably 10 parts by mass or less) based on 100 parts by mass of the resin; and a ratio of a total thickness of the layer A to a total thickness of the layer B ((total thickness of the layer A) / (total thickness of the layer B)) is in the range of from 1/30 to 1/3.
- a second constitution is a laminate having the layer A located between the at least two layers B and having a constitution in which the layer A is a layer containing a block copolymer having at least one aromatic vinyl polymer block and at least one aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer block, or a hydrogenated product of the copolymer; and the layer B is a layer containing an ionomer resin or a polyvinyl acetal resin and not containing a plasticizer or containing a plasticizer, and in the case of containing a plasticizer, a content of the plasticizer is more than 0 and 25 parts by mass or less (preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and especially preferably 3 parts by mass or less) based on 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- a ratio of a total thickness of the layer A to a total thickness of the layer B is preferably in the range of from 1/30 to 1/1.
- the block copolymer it is preferred to use the block copolymer as explained in the section of the layer A.
- the plasticizer which may be contained in the layer B to be used for these constitutions is preferably an ester-based plasticizer or an ether-based plasticizer each having a melting point of 30°C or lower or being amorphous and also having a hydroxyl value of 15 to 450 mgKOH/g or less.
- the laminated glass obtained from the laminate of the present invention which is prepared by interposing the laminate between two sheets of glass having a thickness 2 mm and contact bonding under conditions at a temperature of 140°C and at a pressure of 1 MPa for 60 minutes
- the laminated glass after preparation has a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method of 0.2 or more, preferably 0.25 or more, and more preferably 0.30 or more.
- the loss factor ⁇ under the above-described conditions is 0.2 or more, the laminated glass has thoroughly high sound insulating properties.
- the terms "immediately after preparation of the laminated glass” mean a time within 2 hours after the laminated glass is prepared and finished with cooling to room temperature.
- a ratio ⁇ / ⁇ of a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method to the loss factor ⁇ is preferably 0.70 or more, more preferably 0.80 or more, and still more preferably 0.87 or more.
- ⁇ / ⁇ is preferably 1.20 or less, and more preferably 1.10 or less. When ⁇ / ⁇ is 0.70 or more, the stability of sound insulating performance is improved. On the other hand, when ⁇ / ⁇ is 1.20 or less, the holding time can be shortened.
- a ratio ⁇ / ⁇ of a loss factor ⁇ at 20°C and at 2,000 Hz as measured by a damping test by a central exciting method to the loss factor ⁇ is preferably 0.80 or more, more preferably 0.87 or more, and still more preferably 0.90 or more.
- ⁇ / ⁇ is 1.30 or less, preferably 1.20 or less, and more preferably 1.10 or less.
- a maximum loss factor in a tertiary mode as measured by a central exciting method is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.23 or more, and still more preferably 0.25 or more.
- the loss factor in a tertiary mode is less than 0.2, the sound insulating properties tend to be not sufficient.
- an internal layer (layer A) serving as a sound insulating layer a layer having a peak at which a tan ⁇ as measured by conducting a complex shear viscosity test under a condition at a frequency of 1 Hz in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 is maximum, in the range of -40°C or higher and 30°C or lower (the peak will be sometimes abbreviated as "peak temperature of tan ⁇ ") or, as the thermoplastic elastomer constituting the layer A, an elastomer in which a content of the hard segment is a prescribed portion or less (for example, 50% by mass or less), and regulating a thickness of the internal layer (layer A) serving as a sound insulating layer to 20 ⁇ m or more, or other method.
- a loss factor at 20°C is preferably 0.2 or more, and more preferably 0.25 or more.
- the loss factor at 20°C is less than 0.2, the sound insulating properties at room temperature tend to be not sufficient.
- the loss factor in a tertiary mode can be, for example, measured by the following method.
- the laminate is interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (50 mm in width ⁇ 300 mm in length ⁇ 3 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass is prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature is increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes) .
- the center of the laminated glass is fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter of a mechanical impedance instrument, a vibration is given to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 8,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point are detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration is given) is determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and the loss factor of the laminated glass can be determined from a frequency expressing a peak of the tertiary mode and a half-width value.
- a width of the temperature range where the loss factor is 0.2 or more can be determined from the loss factor determined by the above-described method.
- the width of the temperature range where the loss factor is 0.2 or more is preferably 15°C or more, more preferably 20°C or more, still more preferably 23°C or more, and especially preferably 25°C or more.
- the width of the temperature range where loss factor is 0.2 or more is less than 15°C, the sound insulting properties over a broad temperature range cannot be revealed, so that the sound insulating properties of the laminated glass in a low-temperature region and/or a high-temperature region tend to be lowered.
- Examples of a method of widening the width of the temperature range where the loss factor is 0.2 or more include a method of optimizing the thickness of the internal layer (layer A) according to the kind of the thermoplastic elastomer; a method of using a mixture of two or more thermoplastic elastomers having a different peak temperature of tan ⁇ from each other as the internal layer (layer A) ; a method in which the internal layer (layer A) is composed of two or more layers, and a thermoplastic elastomer having a peak temperature of tan ⁇ different from a peak temperature of tan ⁇ of a thermoplastic elastomer used for the at least one layer is used for the layer different from the foregoing layer; a method in which as two or more thermoplastic elastomers having a different peak temperature of tan ⁇ from each other, those having a large difference in the peak temperature of tan ⁇ are used; and the like.
- any one of the peak temperatures of tan ⁇ may be included in the range prescribed in the present invention.
- a transmittance at a wavelength of 1, 500 nm is preferably 50% or less, and more preferably 20% or less.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 1,500 nm is 50% or less, there is a tendency that a shield factor of infrared rays is high, so that heat insulating performance of the laminated glass is improved.
- a haze thereof is preferably less than 5, preferably less than 3, still preferably less than 2, especially preferably less than 1, and most preferably less than 0.5.
- the haze of the laminated glass can be, for example, measured in accordance with JIS K 7136.
- a breaking strength thereof in a three-point bending test is preferably 0.3 kN or more, more preferably 0.5 kN or more, and still more preferably 0.6 kN or more.
- the breaking strength as measured under the above-described conditions is less than 0.3 kN, the strength of the laminated glass tends to be lowered.
- the laminated glass of the present invention by a conventionally known method.
- examples thereof include a method of using a vacuum laminator, a method of using a vacuum bag, a method of using a vacuum ring, a method of using a nip roll, and the like.
- a method in which after temporary contact bonding, the resultant is put into an autoclave process can also be supplementarily conducted.
- a vacuum laminator for example, a known instrument which is used for production of a solar cell is used, and the assembly is laminated under a reduced pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 MPa or more and 3 ⁇ 10 -2 MPa or less at a temperature of 100°C or higher and 200°C or lower, and especially 130°C or higher and 170°C or lower.
- the method of using a vacuum bag or a vacuum ring is, for example, described in the specification of European Patent No. 1235683 , and for example, the assembly is laminated under a pressure of about 2 ⁇ 10 -2 MPa at 130°C or higher and 145°C or lower.
- a method in which after conducting first temporary contact bonding at a temperature of a flow starting temperature of the polyvinyl acetal resin or lower, temporary contact bonding is further conducted under a condition close to the flow starting temperature Specifically, for example, there is exemplified a method in which the assembly is heated at 30°C or higher and 100°C or lower by an infrared heater or the like, then deaerated by a roll, and further heated at 50°C or higher and 150°C or lower, followed by conducting contact bonding by a roll to achieve bonding or temporary bonding.
- a laminated glass may also be prepared by gathering and laminating glasses in which the layer B is coated on the both surfaces of the layer A such that the constitution of the laminate of the present invention is included in the inside of the laminated glass.
- the autoclave process which is supplementarily conducted after the temporary contact bonding is variable depending upon the thickness or constitution of a module, it is, for example, carried out under a pressure of 1 MPa or more and 15 MPa or less at a temperature of 120°C or higher and 160°C or lower for 0.5 hours or more and 2 hours or less.
- the glass to be used on the occasion of preparing a laminated glass is not particularly limited.
- Inorganic glasses such as a float sheet glass, a polished sheet glass, a figured glass, a wired sheet glass, a heat-ray absorbing glass, etc.
- conventionally known organic glasses such as polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, etc., and the like can be used.
- These glasses may be any of colorless, colored, transparent, or non-transparent glasses. These glasses may be used solely, or may be used in combination of two or more thereof.
- Examples 11 and 24 are according to the present invention.
- Examples 1 to 10, 12 to 23 and 25 to 52 are Reference Examples.
- polyvinyl butyral resin one obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity average polymerization degree the same as the targeted viscosity average polymerization degree (viscosity average polymerization degree as measured in accordance with the "Testing Methods for Polyvinyl Alcohol" of JIS K 6726) with n-butyl aldehyde in the presence of a hydrochloric acid catalyst was used.
- a strain control type dynamic viscoelasticity instrument manufactured by Rheomix, ARES having a diameter of a disk of 8 mm was used as a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer in accordance with JIS K 7244-10.
- Laminates (thickness: 0.76 mm), single-layered sheets of layer A (thickness: 0.76 mm), and single-layered sheets of layer B (thickness: 0.76 mm) obtained in the following Examples and Comparative Examples were each used as a disk-shaped test sheet. It is to be noted that each of the above-described sheets after storing at a temperature 20°C and at a humidity of 60% RH for 24 hours or more was used. A gap between two flat plates was completely filled by the test sheet.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed by two sheets of commercially available float glass (1,100 mm in length ⁇ 1,300 mm in width ⁇ 3.2 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by using a vacuum laminator (manufactured by Nisshinbo Mechatronics Inc., 1522N) under the following conditions.
- the lamination aptitude of the used laminate was judged according to the following criteria. The evaluation results of the lamination aptitude are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (50 mm in length ⁇ 300 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes) . Thereafter, the center of the laminated glass was fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter (power amplifier/model 371-A) of a mechanical impedance instrument (manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd., mass cancel amplifier: MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100) .
- an exciter power amplifier/model 371-A
- mass cancel amplifier MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100
- a vibration was given to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 8,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point were detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration was given) was determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and in an impedance curve obtained by setting the frequency on the abscissa and the mechanical impedance on the ordinate, respectively, a loss factor of the laminated glass was determined from a frequency expressing a peak and a half-width value.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes). Thereafter, a three-point bending test of the laminated glass was carried out by using an autograph AG-5000B, and a breaking strength of the laminated glass at a temperature of 20°C and at a film inter-fulcrum distance of 55 mm was measured. It is to be noted that the measurement was conducted at a test speed of 0.25 mm/min. The measurement results of the breaking strength are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes). Thereafter, a wavelength transmittance in ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions was measured by using a spectral photometer U-4100 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation) It is to be noted that the measurement was conducted at a temperature of 20°C. The measurement results of the transmittance at a wavelength of 1,500 nm are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
- a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer composed of 12% by mass of a styrene unit and 88% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -22.6°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C) was used for the layer A, and polyvinyl butyral having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,000, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% was used for the layer B.
- Laminates were prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that 3GO (triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate)) was used as a plasticizer for the layer B in an amount shown in Table 1 based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,000, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol%, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations. The results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- 3GO triethylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate)
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 50 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 355 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 300 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 230 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer composed of 20% by mass of a styrene unit and 80% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -5 . 2°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C) was used as an elastomer for the layer A, and then subj ected to the physical properties evaluations. The results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 600, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% was used for the layer B in place of the polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,000, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1, 700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% was used for the layer B in place of the polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,000, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that an ionomer film (manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, SentryGlas ® Interlayer, thickness: 300 ⁇ m) was used for the layer B, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that cesium-containing composite tungsten oxide was added to the layer A in an amount of 1.2% by weight relative to the linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (completely hydrogenated product), and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 1. It is to be noted that YMDS-874, manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. was used as the cesium-containing composite tungsten oxide.
- a laminated glass was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 1.6 mm in thickness) were used in place of the two sheets of commercially available float glass having a thickness of 2.8 mm, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 3.
- a laminated glass was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that one sheet of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.1 mm in thickness) and one sheet of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 1.3 mm in thickness) were used in place of the two sheets of commercially available float glass having a thickness of 2.8 mm, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations. The results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 3.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that 30 parts by mass of 3GO was added based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin serving as the layer B, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that a urethane resin (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., KURAMIRON U1780) was used for the layer A in place of the linear hydrogenated styrene ⁇ isoprene ⁇ styrene triblock copolymer, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- a urethane resin manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., KURAMIRON U1780
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that a styrene-based elastomer (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., SEPTON 8007) was used for the layer A in place of the linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- a styrene-based elastomer manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., SEPTON 8007
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 500 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 130 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that a layer composed of a composition containing 3GO in an amount of 60 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl butyral having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 75 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% was used as the layer A in place of the linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer, and that 3GO in an amount of 37.9 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of polyvinyl butyral having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1, 700 was used for the layer B in place of the polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,000, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- Table 2 The results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 1, except that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 600 ⁇ m, that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 160 ⁇ m, and that the layers A and B were superimposed to form a pair of two-layer films, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 2.
- a laminated glass was prepared by using the same method as in Example 47, except that two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.1 mm in thickness) were used in place of the commercially available float glass having a thickness of 2.8 mm, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 3.
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Example 4
- Example 5 Example 6
- Example 7 Example 8
- Example 10 Example 11
- Example 12 Layer B Viscosity average polymerization degree 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 600 1700 - 1000 Degree of acetalization (mol%) 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 - 70 Content of plasticizer (parts by mass) ⁇ 0 2 5 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Shear storage modulus [at 25°C] (MPa) 97.9 86.8 84.9 70.1 57.2 97.9 97.9 97.9 77.3 127.4 43.2 97.9
- Layer A Styrene content (% by mass) ⁇ 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 20 12 12 12 12 12
- Peak temperature of tan ⁇ (°C) -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -2
- a strain control type dynamic viscoelasticity instrument manufactured by Rheomix, ARES having a diameter of a disk of 8 mm was used as a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer in accordance with JIS K 7244-10 was used.
- a vibration with a strain amount of 1.0% was given to the test sheet at a frequency of 1 Hz, and a measurement temperature was increased at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C.
- the temperatures of the test sheet and the disk were kept until measured values of shear loss modulus and shear storage modulus did not change.
- the results of shear storage modulus of each of the laminate, the layer A, and the layer B, and peak height and peak temperature of tan ⁇ of the resin composition constituting the layer A (elastomer in the layer A) as measured are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (300 mm in length ⁇ 25 mm in width ⁇ 1.9 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes) . Thereafter, the center of the laminated glass was fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter (power amplifier/model 371-A) of a mechanical impedance instrument (manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd., mass cancel amplifier: MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100) .
- an exciter power amplifier/model 371-A
- mass cancel amplifier MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100
- a vibration was given at 20°C to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 10,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point were detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration was given) was determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and in an impedance curve obtained by setting the frequency on the abscissa and the mechanical impedance on the ordinate, respectively, a loss factor of the laminated glass was determined from a frequency expressing a peak and a half-width value.
- a bending rigidity at the quaternary resonance frequency was calculated in accordance with ISO 16940 (2008) .
- an acoustic transmission loss at each of 6,300 Hz, 8,000 Hz, and 10,000 Hz was calculated in accordance with ISO 16940 (2008) .
- the measurement results of the quaternary resonance frequency and the loss factor at the quaternary resonance frequency, and the calculation results of the bending rigidity at the quaternary resonance frequency and the acoustic transmission loss at each of 6,300 Hz, 8,000 Hz, and 10,000 Hz are shown in Table 4.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes). Thereafter, a wavelength transmittance in ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions was measured by using a spectral photometer U-4100 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation) . It is to be noted that the measurement was conducted at a temperature of 20°C. The measurement results of the transmittance at a wavelength of 1,500 nm are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (1,100 mm in length ⁇ 1,300 mm in width ⁇ 3.2 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by using a vacuum laminator (manufactured by Nisshinbo Mechatronics Inc., 1522N) under the following conditions.
- the lamination aptitude of the used laminate was judged according to the following criteria. The evaluation results of the lamination aptitude are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (50 mm in length ⁇ 300 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes) . Thereafter, the center of the laminated glass was fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter (power amplifier/model 371-A) of a mechanical impedance instrument (manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd., mass cancel amplifier: MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100) .
- an exciter power amplifier/model 371-A
- mass cancel amplifier MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100
- a vibration was given to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 8,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point were detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration was given) was determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and in an impedance curve obtained by setting the frequency on the abscissa and the mechanical impedance on the ordinate, respectively, a loss factor of the laminated glass was determined from a frequency expressing a peak and a half-width value.
- a value of the loss factor relative to the frequency at a fixed temperature is obtained.
- the measurement was carried out by varying the temperature to 0°C, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C, respectively, and a linear form of the loss factor relative to the temperature at a fixed frequency was obtained from the obtained values. In this linear form, a maximum point was defined as a maximum loss factor.
- the measurement results of the maximum loss factor are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes) . Thereafter, a three-point bending test of the laminated glass was carried out by using an autograph AG-5000B, and a breaking strength of the laminated glass at a temperature of 20°C and a film inter-fulcrum distance of 55 mm was measured. It is to be noted that the measurement was conducted at a test speed of 0.25 mm/min. The measurement results of the breaking strength are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (hydrogenation ratio: 88%, weight average molecular weight: 112,000) composed of 20% by mass of a styrene unit and 80% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -5.2°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C) was used for the layer A, and a composition composed of 100 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% and 15 parts by mass of, as a plasticizer, a polyester polyol "KURARAY POLYOL
- these resins were molded into the layer B having a thickness of 250 ⁇ and the layer A having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m, respectively by an extrusion molding method.
- the layer A was interposed between two layers of the layer B and press molded at 150°C, thereby preparing a laminate made of a composite film of a three-layer constitution and having a thickness of 0.75 mm.
- the quaternary resonance frequency, the loss factor at the quaternary resonance frequency, and the bending rigidity at the quaternary resonance frequency, and the acoustic transmission loss at each of 6,300 Hz, 8,000 Hz, and 10,000 Hz of the laminated glass were calculated according to the above-described evaluation methods.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 100 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 325 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 4.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 380 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 190 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 4.
- Single-layer sheets and laminates were prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that the content of the plasticizer "KURARAY POLYOL P-510" in the layer B was changed as shown in Table 4, that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 100 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 325 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 4.
- a single-layer sheet and a laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that an ionomer film (manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, SentryGlas ® Interlayer) was used for the layer B, that the film thickness of the layer A was changed to 100 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer B was changed to 325 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 4.
- a single-layer sheet and a laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that 0.75 parts by mass of cesium-containing composite tungsten oxide was added to 100 parts by mass of the linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer to mold the layer A, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 4. It is to be noted that YMDS-874, manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. was used as the cesium-containing composite tungsten oxide.
- Example 15 Example 16
- Example 17 Example 18
- Example 20 Example 21
- Example 22 Example 23
- Example 24 Example 25 Thickness ( ⁇ m) 250 250 250 325 190 250 250 325 325 325 250
- kind of resin PVB PVB PVB PVB PVB PVB PVB PVB PVB lonomer PVB Layer B Viscosity average polymerization degree 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 .
- a single-layer sheet and a laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that a layer composed of a composition containing a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% and "KURARAY POLYOL P-510" in an amount of 60 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl butyral resin was used for the layer A in place of the linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene block copolymer, and that a layer composed of a composition containing a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% and "KURARAY POLYOL P-510" in an amount of 60 parts by mass based on 100
- a single-layer sheet and a laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 15, except that a layer composed of a composition containing a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% and "KURARAY POLYOL P-510" in an amount of 15 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl butyral resin was used for the layer A in place of the linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene block copolymer, and that a layer composed of a composition containing a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% and "KURARAY POLYOL P-510" in an amount of 15 parts by mass based on 100
- Example 49 Example 50
- Example 51 Comparative Example 11
- 70 70 70
- Evaluation results Quaternary resonance frequency (Hz) 2544 3063 2827 4990 Loss factor at quaternary resonance frequency 0.23 0.36 0.44 0.037 Bending rigidity at quaternary resonance frequency
- a strain control type dynamic viscoelasticity instrument manufactured by Rheomix, ARES having a diameter of a disk of 8 mm was used as a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer in accordance with JIS K 7244-10.
- Laminates (thickness: 0.76 mm), single-layered sheets of layer A (thickness: 0.76 mm), and single-layered sheets of layer B (thickness: 0.76 mm) obtained in the following Examples and Comparative Examples were each used as a disk-shaped test sheet. It is to be noted that each of the above-described test sheets after storing at a temperature 20°C and at a humidity of 60% RH for 24 hours or more was used. A gap between two flat plates was completely filled by the test sheet.
- a vibration with a strain amount of 1. 0% was given to the test sheet at a frequency of 1 Hz, and a measurement temperature was increased at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C.
- the temperatures of the test sheet and the disk were kept until measured values of shear loss modulus and shear storage modulus did not change.
- the results of shear storage modulus of each of the laminate and the layer B at 25°C, and peak height and peak temperature of tan ⁇ of the layer A (elastomer in the layer A) as measured are shown in Tables 6 and 8.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 20°C to 140°C for 30 minutes, followed by holding at 140°C and at a pressure of 1 MPa for 60 minutes). Thereafter, the center of the laminated glass was fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter (power amplifier/model 371-A) of a mechanical impedance instrument (manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd., mass cancel amplifier: MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100) .
- an exciter power amplifier/model 371-A
- mass cancel amplifier MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100
- a vibration was given at 20°C to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 10,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point were detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration was given) was determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and in an impedance curve obtained by setting the frequency on the abscissa and the mechanical impedance on the ordinate, respectively, a loss factor at each resonance point frequency was determined from a frequency expressing a peak and a half-width value, and a loss factor ⁇ of the laminated glass at 20°C and 2,000 Hz through proportional calculation from the resonance point frequency at about 2,000 Hz and a value of the loss factor at that resonance point frequency. Furthermore, the laminated glass after the above-described measurement was held at 18°C for one month.
- a loss factor ⁇ was determined under the same conditions as described for ⁇ .
- a highest value among the loss factors at a temperature 20°C and at primary to quantic modes was determined as the maximum loss factor.
- a loss factor y was determined under the same conditions as described for a. The loss factor immediately after preparation of the laminated glass, the loss factor after preparation of the laminated glass and further lapsing one month, the loss factor after the heat treatment, and the maximum loss factor at 20°C are shown in Tables 6 and 8.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (1,100 mm in length ⁇ 1,300 mm in width ⁇ 3.2 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by using a vacuum laminator (manufactured by Nisshinbo Mechatronics Inc., 1522N) under the following conditions.
- the lamination aptitude of the used laminate was judged according to the following criteria. The evaluation results of the lamination aptitude are shown in Tables 6 and 8.
- a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol% was used for the layer B.
- the layer A was interposed between two layers of the layer B and press molded at 150°C, thereby preparing a laminate made of a composite film of a three-layer constitution and having a thickness of 0.76 mm.
- the shear storage modulus of the laminate, the loss factor after preparation of the laminated glass, the loss factor after lapsing one month after preparation of the laminated glass, the maximum loss factor of the laminated glass, the lamination aptitude, and the haze of the laminated glass were measured according to the above-described evaluation methods. The results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 6.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 26, except that the layer B was molded with a polyvinyl butyral resin composition in which KURARAY POLYOL P-510 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., polyester polyol having a freezing point of -20°C or lower, a hydroxyl value of 213 mgKOH/g, and a number average molecular weight per two hydroxyl groups of 500, polyester diol composed of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol and adipic acid) was added as a plasticizer in an amount as shown in Table 6 based on 100 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol%, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown
- a loss factor at each of frequencies obtained from the results of the above-described damping test carried out at 30°C and at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 10,000 Hz is shown in Table 7.
- a graph showing a relation between the frequency and the loss factor in the case of conducting the measurement at 20°C as shown in Table 7 is shown in FIG. 2 .
- the graph of a solid line expresses the loss factor at each frequency immediately after preparation of the laminated glass
- the graph of a dotted line expresses the loss factor at each frequency after lapsing one month after preparation of the laminated glass.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 27, except that a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,000 was used in place of the polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,700, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 6.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 26, except that the layer B was molded in a thickness of 253 ⁇ m, and that the layer A was molded in a thickness of 253 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 6.
- Example 26 Example 27
- Example 28 Example 29
- Example 30 Example 31
- Example 32 Layer B Viscosity average polymerization degree 1700 1700 1700 1700 1000 1700 Degree of acetalization (mol%) 70 70 70 70 70 70
- Layer A Styrene content (% by mass) 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Peak temperature of tan ⁇ (°C) -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 -22.6 Peak height of tan ⁇ 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 Laminate Thickness [(layer B)/(layer A)/(layer B)] ( ⁇ m) 330/100/330 330/100/330 330/100/330 330/100/330 330/100/330
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 26, except that the layer B was molded with a polyvinyl butyral resin composition in which KURARAY POLYOL P-510 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) was added as a plasticizer in an amount as shown in Table 8 based on 100 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol%, that the layer B was molded in a thickness of 253 ⁇ m, and that the layer A was molded in a thickness of 253 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 8.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 27, except that the layer A was molded by using a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (weight average molecular weight: 100,000) composed of 20% by mass of a styrene unit and 80% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -5.2°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C), and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 8.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 30, except that the layer A was molded by using a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (weight average molecular weight: about 100,000) composed of 20% by mass of a styrene unit and 80% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -5.2°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C), and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations .
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 8.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 26, except that the layer B was molded with a polyvinyl butyral resin composition in which KURARAY POLYOL P-510 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) was added as a plasticizer in an amount as shown in Table 8 based on 100 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of about 1,700, a degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 0.9 mol%, that the layer B was molded in a thickness of 253 ⁇ m, and that the layer A was molded in a thickness of 253 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- the results of the physical properties evaluations are shown in Table 8.
- the layer A, the layer B, and the laminate were prepared by using the same method as in Example 27, except that 3GO (triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate)) was used as a plasticizer to be used for the layer B in an amount shown in Table 8 in place of the KURARAY POLYOL P-510, and then subjected to the physical properties evaluations.
- 3GO triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate)
- Plasticizer A KURARAY POLYOL P-510 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), Plasticizer B: 3GO (triethylene glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate))
- Measurement temperature 20°C Measurement temperature: 30°C Hz Loss factor Hz Loss factor Reference Example 1 [Immediately after preparation of laminated glass] 111.172 0.2379556 105.469 0.1577949 531.563 0.2554719 506.797 0.1650353 1329.297 0.2761577 1294.844 0.14923 2510.547 0.207985 2460.156 0.1155404 4056.641 0.1733666 3991.797 0.0935679 5973.438 0.1440492 5891.016 0.0800329 8241.016 0.1310047 8136.719 0.0746555 Reference Example 1 [After lapsing one month after preparation of laminated glass] 89.844 0.2198277 84.688 0.1277608 462.344 0.1223238 447
- a strain control type dynamic viscoelasticity instrument manufactured by Rheomix, ARES having a diameter of a disk of 8 mm was used as a parallel-plate oscillatory rheometer in accordance with JIS K 7244-10.
- Single-layered sheets of layer A (layer A1 or layer A2) (thickness: 0.76 mm) obtained in the following Examples and Comparative Examples were each used as a disk-shaped test sheet. It is to be noted that each of the above-described test sheets after storing at a temperature 20°C and at a humidity of 60% RH for 24 hours or more was used. A gap between two flat plates was completely filled by the test sheet.
- a vibration with a strain amount of 1.0% was given to the test sheet at a frequency of 1 Hz, and a measurement temperature was increased at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C.
- the temperatures of the test sheet and the disk were kept until measured values of shear loss modulus and shear storage modulus did not change.
- the peak temperature of tan ⁇ was determined from the shear storage modulus of the layer A (layer A1 or layer A2) as measured. The results are shown in Table 10.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (50 mm in width ⁇ 300 mm in length ⁇ 3 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes) . Thereafter, the center of the laminated glass was fixed to a tip portion of an exciting force detector built in an impedance head of an exciter (power amplifier/model 371-A) of a mechanical impedance instrument (manufactured by Ono Sokki Co., Ltd., mass cancel amplifier: MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100) .
- an exciter power amplifier/model 371-A
- mass cancel amplifier MA-5500, channel data station: DS-2100
- a vibration was given to the center of the laminated glass at a frequency in the range of from 0 to 8,000 Hz, and an exciting force and an acceleration waveform at this point were detected, thereby conducting a damping test of the laminated glass by a central exciting method.
- a mechanical impedance at an exciting point (the center of the laminated glass to which a vibration was given) was determined on the basis of the obtained exciting force and a speed signal obtained by integrating an acceleration single; and in an impedance curve obtained by setting the frequency on the abscissa and the mechanical impedance on the ordinate, respectively, a loss factor of the laminated glass was determined from a frequency expressing a peak of the tertiary mode and a half-width value, and a width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more was determined. The calculation results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more are shown in Table 10.
- Each of the laminates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples was interposed between two sheets of commercially available float glass (26 mm in length ⁇ 76 mm in width ⁇ 2.8 mm in thickness), and a laminated glass was prepared by a vacuum bagging method (condition: the temperature was increased from 30°C to 160°C for 60 minutes, followed by holding at 160°C for 30 minutes). Thereafter, a three-point bending test (temperature: 20°C, inter-fulcrum distance: 55 mm, test speed: 0.25 mm/min) of the laminated glass was carried out by using an autograph AG-5000B, and a breaking strength of the laminated glass was measured. The measurement results of the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
- a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 600, an average degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 2 mol% and a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1,700, an average degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 1 mol% were used in a mass ratio of 95/5 (hereinafter referred to as "PVB-1"), and a film having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m (PVB-1 film; used as the layer B) was obtained by an extrusion molding method.
- a coating liquid containing an elastomer X (solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass) was coated on one surface of the PVB-1 film such that a film thickness of the layer A1 containing the elastomer X after drying was 10 ⁇ m and then dried with a warm air at 50 to 60°C for about 10 minutes.
- a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (hydrogenation ratio: 90%) containing 12% by mass of a styrene unit and 88% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -22.6°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C) was used.
- an MFR of the elastomer X as measured at a temperature of 190°C and at a load of 2.16 kg was 0.5 g/10 min.
- the same PVB-1 film as in the base material was used as a masking film on the surface having the elastomer X coated thereon, so as to form a three-layer film after winding up.
- the resultant was dried for 48 hours by a vacuum dryer at 50°C, thereby obtaining a laminate composed of three layers (interlayer film for laminated glass).
- a laminated glass was prepared by using the resulting laminate, and a width of the temperature range where the loss factor of the laminated glass was 0.2 or more by a damping test by a central exciting method was determined. In addition, a three-point bending test of the laminated glass was carried out, thereby measuring a breaking strength of the laminated glass. The measurement results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more and the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Comparative Example 14, except that a coating liquid containing the elastomer X (solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass) was coated on one surface of the PVB-1 film such that a film thickness of the layer A1 containing the elastomer X after drying was 50 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- a coating liquid containing the elastomer X solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Comparative Example 14, except that a coating liquid containing the elastomer X (solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass) was coated on one surface of the PVB-1 film such that a film thickness of the layer A1 containing the elastomer X after drying was 150 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- a coating liquid containing the elastomer X solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Comparative Example 14, except that a coating liquid containing the elastomer X and an elastomer Y (solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass, mass ratio of (elastomer X)/(elastomer Y): 1/1) was coated on one surface of the PVB-1 film such that a film thickness of the layer A1 containing the elastomer X and the elastomer Y after drying was 100 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- the measurement results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more and the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
- elastomer Y a linear hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer (hydrogenation ratio: 88%) containing 20% by mass of a styrene unit and 80% by mass of an isoprene unit and having a temperature of a peak at which a peak height of tan ⁇ was maximum of -5.2°C (a value in the case of giving a vibration at a frequency of 1 Hz and increasing a measurement temperature at a constant rate of 1°C/min from -40°C to 100°C) was used. It is to be noted that an MFR of the elastomer Y as measured at a temperature of 190°C and at a load of 2.16 kg was 0.7 g/10 min.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Comparative Example 14, except that a coating liquid containing the elastomer X (solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass) was coated on one surface of the PVB-1 film such that a film thickness of the layer A1 containing the elastomer X after drying was 50 ⁇ m, followed by drying with a warm air at 50 to 60°C for about 10 minutes, and that a coating liquid containing the elastomer Y (solvent: cyclohexane, solid content: 20% by mass) was further coated thereon such that a film thickness of the layer A2 containing the elastomer Y after drying was 50 ⁇ m, followed by drying with a warm air at 50 to 60°C for about 10 minutes, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- the measurement results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more and the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 38, except that as the layer B, a film having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m was fabricated by an extrusion molding method by using 95 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 600, an average degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 2 mol%, 5 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin having a viscosity average polymerization degree of 1, 700, an average degree of acetalization of 70 mol%, and a content of a vinyl acetate unit of 1 mol%, and 100 parts by mass of KURARAY POLYOL P-510 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., polyester polyol; polyester diol composed of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol and adipic acid; number average molecular weight per two hydroxyl groups: 500), and then subjected
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 52, except that the coating liquid containing the elastomer Y was used in place of the coating liquid containing the elastomer X, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- the measurement results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more and the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 39, except that the film thickness of the layer B after drying was regulated to 100 ⁇ m, and that the film thickness of the layer A1 after drying was regulated to 300 ⁇ m, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- the measurement results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more and the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
- a laminate was prepared by using the same method as in Example 38, except that the coating liquid containing the elastomer Y was used in place of the coating liquid containing the elastomer X, and then subjected to the physical evaluations.
- the measurement results of the width of the temperature range where the loss factor was 0.2 or more and the breaking strength are shown in Table 10.
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PCT/JP2015/081667 WO2016076339A1 (ja) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | 積層体及び合わせガラス |
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EP3219687A1 EP3219687A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
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EP15859444.0A Active EP3219687B1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Laminate and laminated glass |
EP15858658.6A Withdrawn EP3219684A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
EP15858865.7A Withdrawn EP3219686A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
EP15858800.4A Withdrawn EP3219685A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Interlayer for laminated glass and laminated glass |
EP15858216.3A Withdrawn EP3219683A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
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EP15858865.7A Withdrawn EP3219686A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
EP15858800.4A Withdrawn EP3219685A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Interlayer for laminated glass and laminated glass |
EP15858216.3A Withdrawn EP3219683A4 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-11-10 | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
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