CN109863444A - 发光显示系统和平视显示器 - Google Patents
发光显示系统和平视显示器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109863444A CN109863444A CN201880004037.8A CN201880004037A CN109863444A CN 109863444 A CN109863444 A CN 109863444A CN 201880004037 A CN201880004037 A CN 201880004037A CN 109863444 A CN109863444 A CN 109863444A
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- Prior art keywords
- mentioned
- adipose membrane
- light source
- tree adipose
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEIGUXGHHKAURB-UHFFFAOYSA-N viridine Natural products O=C1C2=C3CCC(=O)C3=CC=C2C2(C)C(O)C(OC)C(=O)C3=COC1=C23 YEIGUXGHHKAURB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
- B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
- B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于,提供能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息的发光显示系统、及使用了该发光显示系统的平视显示器。本发明的发光显示系统,其具有:发光树脂膜(1)和2台以上的光源(2,3),所述发光树脂膜(1)含有热塑性树脂和发光材料,所述光源(2,3)照射所述发光材料的激发波长的光线,以使从所述光源(2,3)照射的光线在所述发光树脂膜上至少部分地重叠的方式配置所述发光树脂膜(1)和所述2台以上的光源(2,3)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息的发光显示系统、及使用了该发光显示系统的平视显示器。
背景技术
夹层玻璃即使受到外部冲击而破损,玻璃碎片发生飞散的情况也少,较为安全,因此,被广泛用作汽车等车辆的挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃、后窗玻璃、航空器、建筑物等的窗玻璃等。作为夹层玻璃,可列举出在至少一对玻璃之间夹着例如包含液状增塑剂和聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂的夹层玻璃用中间膜并使其一体化而得的夹层玻璃等。
近年来,在与汽车用的挡风玻璃相同的视野内想要将作为汽车行驶数据的速度信息等的测量仪表显示以平视显示器(HUD)的形式来显示的要求正在提高。
作为HUD,到目前为止开发了多种形态。作为最普遍的HUD,有如下的HUD:通过使从控制单元发送的速度信息等从仪表板的显示单元向挡风玻璃反射,从而驾驶者能够在与挡风玻璃相同的位置、即同一视野内辨认速度信息等。
作为HUD用的夹层玻璃用中间膜,例如,在专利文献1中提出了具有规定的楔角的楔形夹层玻璃用中间膜等,并且提出了解决在夹层玻璃中测量仪表显示看到重影这样的HUD的缺点的情况。
对于专利文献1中记载的夹层玻璃而言,若是夹层玻璃的面内的一部分区域,则可以解决测量仪表显示看到重影这样的HUD的缺点。即,在夹层玻璃的面内的整个面,并未解决测量仪表显示看到重影这样的间题。
对此,专利文献2中本申请的申请人公开了一种夹层玻璃用中间膜,其具有发光层,该发光层含有粘结剂树脂、以及选自发光粒子、发光颜料及发光染料中的至少一种发光材料。发光材料具有通过照射特定波长的光而发光的性质。通过对配合有这种发光材料的夹层玻璃用中间膜照射光线,从而能够使所含的发光粒子发光而显示图像。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特表平4-502525号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2014-24312号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
近年来,期望利用HUD来显示的信息量正在不断扩大,在更广的范围、如果可能的话在挡风玻璃的整个面显示信息的要求正在提高。然而,发光材料的发光亮度很大程度地依赖于来自光源的光的照射强度、光源与显示位置之间的距离。若想要在较广的范围中显示信息,则不得不使用极高照射强度的光源,在安全性方面存在问题。另一方面,即使想要从近距离照射,在受限制的空间中,也难以以能够在较广范围中显示信息的方式配置光源。
本发明的目的在于,提供能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息的发光显示系统、及使用了该发光显示系统的平视显示器。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明是一种发光显示系统,其具有:发光树脂膜和2台以上的光源,所述发光树脂膜含有热塑性树脂和发光材料,所述光源照射所述发光材料的激发波长的光线,以使从所述光源照射的光线在所述发光树脂膜上至少部分地重叠的方式配置所述发光树脂膜和2台以上的光源。
以下,对本发明进行详述。
本发明人等对于能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息的发光显示系统进行了研究。其结果发现:准备2台以上的光源,并以使从光源照射的光线在发光树脂膜上至少部分地重叠的方式进行配置,从而即使使用在实用上能够安全使用的水平的照射强度的光源,也能够在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息。另外,发现了:即使在距离发光树脂膜比较远的场所配置各光源,也能够在足够广的范围内显示规定亮度的信息,因此,即使在受限制的空间中也能够配置光源,从而完成了本发明。
图1示出对基于本发明的发光显示系统的信息显示方法进行说明的示意图。图1的发光显示系统包括发光树脂膜1、和2台光源(光源2及光源3)。通过从光源2及光源3朝向发光树脂膜1照射发光材料的激发波长的光线,从而在发光树脂膜1上显示信息。
此处,光源2和光源3以所照射的光线在发光树脂膜1上重叠的方式来配置。通过使从2台光源照射的光线在发光树脂膜1上重叠,从而即使一个一个的光源的照射强度低,也能够在较广范围内以高亮度显示信息。另外,一个一个的光源即使配置在离得比较远的场所,也可得到充分的效果,因此光源配置的自由度也高。与仅使用1台光源4的图2的发光显示系统相比,其效果的差异是显而易见的。
2台以上的光源优选以所照射的光线在发光树脂膜上完全重叠的方式配置,也可以以一部分重叠的方式配置。在一部分重叠的情况下,在重叠部分可以以特别高的亮度显示信息,因此可以在该重叠部分显示特别重要的信息。
本说明书中,从2台以上的光源照射的光线的重叠率如下所示地进行定义。在从2台以上的光源照射的光线重叠时,将照射至发光树脂膜上的光线的面积小的光源的照射面积记作S1,将与和该面积小的光源不同的另一个光源重叠的面积记作S2,此时定义为“重叠率(%)=S2/S1×100”。在从3台以上的光源照射光线的情况下,优选:将2台作为1组,对于每个组合求出重叠率。
从能够更安全且以更高的亮度显示信息的方面出发,至少1组的光源的重叠率优选为10%以上,更优选为30%以上,进一步优选为50%以上,特别优选为70%以上,最优选为100%。从能够进一步更安全且以更高的亮度显示信息的方面出发,所有组的光源的重叠率优选为10%以上,更优选为30%以上,进一步优选为50%以上,特别优选为70%以上,最优选为100%。
本发明的发光显示系统具有含有热塑性树脂和发光材料的发光树脂膜。通过照射激发波长的光线,从而使上述发光材料发光,能够在上述发光树脂膜上显示信息。即,上述发光树脂膜起到作为用于显示信息的屏幕的作用。
上述热塑性树脂没有特别限定,可举出例如聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂、乙烯-丙烯酸类共聚物树脂、聚氨酯树脂、含硫元素的聚氨酯树脂、聚乙烯醇树脂、氯乙烯树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯树脂、离聚物树脂等。其中,在使用本发明的发光显示系统作为HUD的情况下,从能够与增塑剂组合使用而发挥出对于玻璃优异的粘接性的方面出发,优选聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂只要是将聚乙烯醇用醛进行缩醛化而得的聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂,就没有特别限定,优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。另外,根据需要也可以组合使用2种以上的聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂的缩醛化度的优选下限为40摩尔%、优选上限为85摩尔%,更优选下限为60摩尔%、更优选上限为75摩尔%。
使用本发明的发光显示系统作为HUD的情况下,上述聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂的羟基量的优选下限为15摩尔%、优选上限为35摩尔%。羟基量为15摩尔%以上时,发光树脂膜成形变容易。羟基量为35摩尔%以下时,所得的发光树脂膜的处置变容易。
需要说明的是,上述缩醛化度及羟基量例如可以根据JIS K6728“聚乙烯醇缩丁醛试验方法”进行测定。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂可通过利用醛使聚乙烯醇进行缩醛化而制造。上述聚乙烯醇通常可通过使聚乙酸乙烯酯皂化而得到,通常使用皂化度70~99.8摩尔%的聚乙烯醇。
上述聚乙烯醇的聚合度的优选下限为500、优选上限为4000。上述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为500以上时,使用本发明的发光显示系统作为HUD而制造的夹层玻璃的耐贯通性变高。上述聚乙烯醇的聚合度为4000以下时,成形变容易。上述聚乙烯醇的聚合度的更优选下限为1000、更优选上限为3600。
上述醛并无特别限定,通常适合使用碳数为1~10的醛。上述碳数为1~10的醛并无特别限定,例如可列举正丁醛、异丁醛、正戊醛、2-乙基丁醛、正己醛、正辛醛、正壬醛、正癸醛、甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛等。其中,优选为正丁醛、正己醛、正戊醛,更优选为正丁醛。这些醛可以单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为上述发光材料,具体而言,例如从能够发挥高发光性的方面出发,可举出具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物。
镧系元素络合物之中,具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物通过照射光而以高发光强度发光。作为上述具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物,可举出具有包含卤素原子的单齿配体的镧系元素络合物、具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物、具有包含卤素原子的三齿配体的镧系元素络合物、具有包含卤素原子的四齿配体的镧系元素络合物、具有包含卤素原子的五齿配体的镧系元素络合物、具有包含卤素原子的六齿配体的镧系元素络合物等具有包含卤素原子的多齿配体的镧系元素络合物。
其中,具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物或具有包含卤素原子的三齿配体的镧系元素络合物通过照射300~410nm波长的光,从而以极高的发光强度发出580~780nm波长的光。由于该发光强度极高,因此具有含有它们的发光树脂膜的发光显示系统即使在照射低强度输出的光时,也能够以较高亮度发光。
并且,上述具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物或具有包含卤素原子的三齿配体的镧系元素络合物的耐热性也优异。将发光显示系统作为HUD而用于汽车顶棚用玻璃、建筑物用窗玻璃的情况下,大多由于照射太阳光的红外线而在高温环境下使用。在这样的高温环境下,存在发光材料劣化,特别是在夹层玻璃的端部发光材料发生劣化的情况。通过使用上述具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物或具有包含卤素原子的三齿配体的镧系元素络合物作为发光材料,从而即使在高温环境下也能够防止劣化。
本说明书中,所谓镧系元素,包括镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、饵、铥、镱或镥。从能够获得更高的发光强度的方面出发,镧系元素优选为钕、铕或铽,更优选为铕或铽,进一步优选为铕。
作为上述包含卤素原子的二齿配体,可举出例如具有下述通式(1)所示的结构的配体、具有下述通式(2)所示的结构的配体等。
[化1]
上述通式(1)中,R1及R3表示有机基团,R1及R3中的至少一者为包含卤素原子的有机基团,R2表示碳数1以上的直链状的有机基团。上述R1及R3优选为烃基,更优选为碳数1~10的烃基,进一步优选为碳数1~5的烃基,特别优选为碳数1~3的烃基。上述烃基的一部分氢原子任选被取代为除氢原子以外的原子及官能团。作为上述碳数1~3的烃基,可举出氢原子未被取代的甲基、乙基、丙基、一部分氢原子被卤素原子取代的甲基、乙基、丙基等。作为上述一部分氢原子被卤素原子取代的甲基、乙基、丙基的卤素原子,可以使用氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。作为上述碳数1~3的烃基,从以高发光强度发光的方面出发,优选一部分氢原子被卤素原子取代的甲基、乙基、丙基,更优选三氟甲基。
上述R2优选为碳数1以上的亚烷基,更优选为碳数1~5的亚烷基,最优选为碳数1的亚甲基。上述碳数1以上的亚烷基的一部分氢原子任选被取代为除氢原子以外的原子及官能团。
上述具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物具有至少一个包含卤素原子的配体即可,也可以具有不含卤素原子的配体。作为上述不含卤素原子的配体,可举出除了不含卤素原子以外与上述通式(1)相同的配体、具有下述通式(2)~(8)所示结构的配体等。具有下述通式(2)~(8)所示结构的配体的一部分或全部氢原子任选被-COOR、-SO3、-NO2、-OH、烷基、-NH2等取代。
[化2]
需要说明的是,上述式(2)中,2个N可以位于联吡啶骨架的任何位置。例如,可举出在联吡啶骨架的2,2’位、3,3’位、4,4’位、2,3’位、2,4’位、3,4’位具有2个N的情形。其中,优选在2,2’位具有2个N的情形。
[化3]
需要说明的是,上述式(3)中,2个N可以位于联吡啶骨架的任何位置。其中,优选在1,10位具有2个N的情形。
[化4]
需要说明的是,上述式(4)中,2个N可以位于联吡啶骨架的任何位置。其中,优选在1,10位具有2个N的情形。
[化5]
需要说明的是,上述式(5)中,3个N可以位于三联吡啶骨架的任何位置。
[化6]
H2N—R4—NH2 (6)
上述式(6)中,中央的R4表示碳数1以上的直链状的有机基团。
[化7]
上述式(7)中,2个R5表示碳数1以上的直链状的有机基团。
[化8]
上述式(8)中,n表示1或2的整数。
上述具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物可举出例如三(三氟乙酰丙酮)菲绕啉铕(Eu(TFA)3phen)、三(三氟乙酰丙酮)二苯基菲绕啉铕(Eu(TFA)3dpphen)、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)二苯基菲绕啉铕、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)双(三苯基膦)铕、三(三氟乙酰丙酮)2,2’-联吡啶铕、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)2,2’-联吡啶铕、三(5,5,6,6,7,7,7-七氟-2,4-戊二酮合)2,2’-联吡啶铕([Eu(FPD)3]bpy)、三(三氟乙酰丙酮)3,4,7,8-四甲基-1,10菲绕啉铕([Eu(TFA)3]tmphen)、三(5,5,6,6,7,7,7-七氟-2,4-戊二酮合)菲绕啉铕([Eu(FPD)3]phen)、三联吡啶三氟乙酰丙酮铕、三联吡啶六氟乙酰丙酮铕等。
除此之外,上述具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物还可举出例如三(三氟乙酰丙酮)菲绕啉铽(Tb(TFA)3phen)、三(三氟乙酰丙酮)二苯基菲绕啉铽(Tb(TFA)3dpphen)、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)二苯基菲绕啉铽、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)双(三苯基膦)铽、三(三氟乙酰丙酮)2,2’-联吡啶铽、三(六氟乙酰丙酮)2,2’-联吡啶铽、三(5,5,6,6,7,7,7-七氟-2,4-戊二酮合)2,2’-联吡啶铽([Tb(FPD)3]bpy)、三(三氟乙酰丙酮)3,4,7,8-四甲基-1,10菲绕啉铽([Tb(TFA)3]tmphen)、三(5,5,6,6,7,7,7-七氟-2,4-戊二酮合)菲绕啉铽([Tb(FPD)3]phen)、三联吡啶三氟乙酰丙酮铽、三联吡啶六氟乙酰丙酮铽等。
作为上述具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物的卤素原子,可以使用氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子。其中,从使配体的结构稳定化的方面出发,优选氟原子。
上述具有包含卤素原子的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物或具有包含卤素原子的三齿配体的镧系元素络合物之中,特别是从初期发光性优异的方面出发,优选为含有具有包含卤素原子的乙酰丙酮骨架的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物。
上述含有具有包含卤素原子的乙酰丙酮骨架的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物可举出例如Eu(TFA)3phen、Eu(TFA)3dpphen、Eu(HFA)3phen、[Eu(FPD)3]bpy、[Eu(TFA)3]tmphen、[Eu(FPD)3]phen等。示出这些含有具有包含卤素原子的乙酰丙酮骨架的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物的结构。
[化9]
除此之外,上述含有具有包含卤素原子的乙酰丙酮骨架的二齿配体的镧系元素络合物可举出例如Tb(TFA)3phen、Tb(TFA)3dpphen、Tb(HFA)3phen、[Tb(FPD)3]bpy、[Tb(TFA)3]tmphen、[Tb(FPD)3]phen等。
上述具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物优选为粒子状。通过为粒子状,从而使上述具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物更易于微分散于热塑性树脂中。
在上述具有包含卤素原子的配体的镧系元素络合物为粒子状的情况下,镧系元素络合物的平均粒径的优选下限为0.01μm、优选上限为10μm,更优选下限为0.03μm、更优选上限为1μm。
作为上述发光材料,也可以使用具有对苯二甲酸酯结构的发光材料。上述具有对苯二甲酸酯结构的发光材料通过照射光而发光。
上述具有对苯二甲酸酯结构的发光材料可举出例如具有下述通式(9)所示的结构的化合物、具有下述通式(10)所示的结构的化合物。
它们可以单独使用,也可以使用2种以上。
[化10]
上述通式(9)中,R6表示有机基团,x为1、2、3或4。
从发光显示器的透明性进一步提高的方面出发,优选x为1或2,更优选在苯环的2位或5位具有羟基,进一步优选在苯环的2位及5位具有羟基。
上述R6的有机基团优选为烃基,更优选为碳数1~10的烃基,进一步优选为碳数1~5的烃基,特别优选为碳数1~3的烃基。
上述烃基的碳数为10以下时,能够使上述具有对苯二甲酸酯结构的发光材料易于分散于热塑性树脂中。
上述烃基优选为烷基。
作为具有上述通式(9)所示的结构的化合物,可举出例如2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯、2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二甲酯等。其中,从能够以更高的亮度显示图像的方面出发,具有上述通式(9)所示的结构的化合物优选为2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯(Aldrich公司制“2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯”)。
上述通式(10)中,R7表示有机基团,R8及R9表示氢原子或有机基团,y为1、2、3或4。
上述R7的有机基团优选为烃基,更优选为碳数1~10的烃基,进一步优选为碳数1~5的烃基,特别优选为碳数1~3的烃基。
上述烃基的碳数为上述上限以下时,能够使上述具有对苯二甲酸酯结构的发光材料易于分散于热塑性树脂中。
上述烃基优选为烷基。
上述通式(10)中,NR8R9为氨基。R8及R9优选为氢原子。
具有上述通式(10)所示的结构的化合物的苯环的氢原子中,可以一个氢原子为上述氨基,也可以二个氢原子为上述氨基,也可以三个氢原子为上述氨基,也可以四个氢原子为上述氨基。
作为具有上述通式(10)所示的结构的化合物,从能够以更高的亮度显示图像的方面出发,优选2,5-二氨基对苯二甲酸二乙酯(Aldrich公司制)。
上述发光树脂膜中的上述发光材料的含量相对于上述热塑性树脂100重量份,优选的下限为0.001重量份、优选的上限为15重量份。上述发光材料的含量为0.001重量份以上时,能够以更高的亮度显示图像。上述发光材料的含量为15重量份以下时,发光显示器的透明性进一步提高。上述发光材料的含量的更优选下限为0.01重量份、更优选上限为10重量份,进一步优选下限为0.05重量份、进一步优选上限为8重量份,特别优选的下限为0.1重量份、特别优选的上限为5重量份,最优选的上限为1重量份。
上述发光树脂膜优选还含有分散剂。通过含有分散剂,从而能够抑制上述发光材料的凝聚,可得到更均匀的发光。
上述分散剂可以使用例如直链烷基苯磺酸盐等具有磺酸结构的化合物;二酯化合物、蓖麻酸烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、癸二酸酯、磷酸酯等具有酯结构的化合物;聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、烷基苯基-聚氧乙烯-醚等具有醚结构的化合物;聚羧酸等具有羧酸结构的化合物;月桂胺、二甲基月桂胺、油基丙二胺、聚氧乙烯的仲胺、聚氧乙烯的叔胺、聚氧乙烯的二胺等具有胺结构的化合物;聚亚烷基多胺环氧烷烃等具有多胺结构的化合物;油酸二乙醇酰胺、烷醇脂肪酸酰胺等具有酰胺结构的化合物;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚酯酸酰胺胺盐等具有高分子量型酰胺结构的化合物等分散剂。此外,也可以使用聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸(盐)、高分子聚羧酸、缩合蓖麻酸酯等高分子量分散剂。需要说明的是,高分子量分散剂被定义为其分子量为1万以上的分散剂。
配合上述分散剂的情况下,相对于上述发光树脂膜中的上述发光材料,上述分散剂的含量的优选下限为1重量份、优选上限为50重量份。上述分散剂的含量为该范围内时,能够使上述发光材料均匀地分散于热塑性树脂中。上述分散剂的含量的更优选下限为3重量份、更优选上限为30重量份,进一步优选的下限为5重量份、进一步优选的上限为25重量份。
上述发光树脂膜还可以含有紫外线吸收剂。通过使上述发光树脂膜含有紫外线吸收剂,从而发光显示器的耐光性提高。
从能够以更高的亮度显示图像的方面出发,上述发光树脂膜中的上述紫外线吸收剂的含量相对于上述热塑性树脂100重量份,优选的上限为1重量份、更优选的上限为0.5重量份、进一步优选的上限为0.2重量份、特别优选的上限为0.1重量份。
上述紫外线吸收剂可列举出例如具有丙二酸酯结构的化合物、具有草酰苯胺结构的化合物、具有苯并三唑结构的化合物、具有二苯甲酮结构的化合物、具有三嗪结构的化合物、具有苯甲酸酯结构的化合物、具有受阻胺结构的化合物等紫外线吸收剂。
上述发光树脂膜还可以含有增塑剂。
上述增塑剂没有特别限定,可列举出例如一元有机酸酯、多元有机酸酯等有机酯增塑剂;有机磷酸增塑剂、有机亚磷酸增塑剂等磷酸增塑剂等。上述增塑剂优选为液状增塑剂。
上述一元有机酸酯没有特别限定,可举出例如通过二醇与一元有机酸的反应而得的二醇酯等。作为上述二醇,可举出例如三乙二醇、四乙二醇、三丙二醇等。作为上述一元有机酸,可举出例如丁酸、异丁酸、己酸、2-乙基丁酸、庚酸、正辛酸、2-乙基己酸、壬酸(正壬酸)、癸酸等。其中,优选三乙二醇二己酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二-正辛酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯等。
上述多元有机酸酯没有特别限定,可列举出例如己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸等多元有机酸与碳数为4~8的直链或具有分枝结构的醇而成的酯化合物。其中,优选为癸二酸二丁酯、壬二酸二辛酯、卡必醇己二酸二丁酯等。
上述有机酯增塑剂没有特别限定,可举出三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯、三乙二醇二辛酸酯、三乙二醇二正辛酸酯、三乙二醇二正庚酸酯、四乙二醇二正庚酸酯、四乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯、癸二酸二丁酯、壬二酸二辛酯、卡必醇己二酸二丁酯、乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、二乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、二乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯、二丙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、三乙二醇二-2-乙基戊酸酯、四乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯、二乙二醇二癸酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸己基环己酯、己二酸二异壬酯、己二酸庚基壬基酯、癸二酸二丁酯、油改性癸二酸醇酸、磷酸酯与己二酸酯的混合物、由己二酸酯、碳数为4~9的烷基醇和碳数为4~9的环状醇制作的混合型己二酸酯、己二酸己酯等碳数为6~8的己二酸酯等。
上述有机磷酸增塑剂没有特别限定,可举出例如磷酸三丁氧基乙酯、磷酸异癸基苯酯、磷酸三异丙酯等。
上述增塑剂之中,优选为选自己二酸二己酯(DHA)、三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)、四乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(4GO)、三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯(3GH)、四乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯(4GH)、四乙二醇二止庚酸酯(4G7)和三乙二醇二正庚酸酯(3G7)中的至少1种。
此外,作为上述增塑剂,为了不易引起水解,而优选含有三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)、三乙二醇二-2-乙基丁酸酯(3GH)、四乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(4GO)、己二酸二己酯(DHA)。更优选含有四乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(4GO)、三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)。进一步优选含有三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)。
上述发光树脂膜中的上述增塑剂的含量没有特别限定,相对于上述热塑性树脂100重量份,优选的下限为30重量份、优选的上限为100重量份。上述增塑剂的含量为30重量份以上时,发光树脂膜的熔融粘度变低,因此能够容易地成形。上述增塑剂的含量为100重量份以下时,发光树脂膜的透明性提高。上述增塑剂的含量的更优选下限为35重量份、更优选上限为80重量份,进一步优选的下限为45重量份、进一步优选的上限为70重量份,特别优选的下限为50重量份、特别优选的上限为63重量份。
对于上述发光树脂膜,从能够获得优异的耐光性的方面出发,优选含有抗氧化剂。
上述抗氧化剂没有特别限定,可举出具有酚结构的抗氧化剂、含硫的抗氧化剂、含磷的抗氧化剂等。
上述具有酚结构的抗氧化剂是具有酚骨架的抗氧化剂。作为上述具有酚结构的抗氧化剂,可列举出例如2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、硬脂基-β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯、2,2’-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-丁基苯酚)、2,2’-亚甲基双-(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4’-丁叉基双-(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、1,1,3-三-(2-甲基-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、四[亚甲基-3-(3’,5’-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷、1,3,3-三-(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯酚)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲基)苯、双(3,3’-叔丁基苯酚)丁酸二醇酯、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]等。上述抗氧化剂可以单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
上述发光树脂膜为了调节对于玻璃的粘接力,也可以含有粘接力调节剂。
作为上述粘接力调节剂,可适合使用例如选自碱金属盐、碱土金属盐及镁盐中的至少1种。作为上述粘接力调节剂,可举出例如钾、钠、镁等的盐。
作为构成上述盐的酸,可举出例如辛酸、己酸、2-乙基丁酸、丁酸、乙酸、甲酸等羧酸的有机酸、或盐酸、硝酸等无机酸。
上述发光树脂膜也可以根据需要含有光稳定剂、抗静电剂、蓝色颜料、蓝色染料、绿色颜料、绿色染料等添加剂。
上述发光树脂膜的厚度没有特别限定,优选的下限为100μm、优选的上限为2000μm。上述发光树脂膜的厚度为该范围内时,能够以高亮度显示信息。上述发光树脂膜的厚度的更优选的下限为300μm、进一步优选的下限为740μm、特别优选的下限为760μm,更优选的上限为1600μm、进一步优选的上限为1400μm、特别优选的上限为880μm。
上述发光树脂膜可以以单层使用,也可以以层叠有其他树脂膜的多层树脂膜(以下,也简称为“多层树脂膜”。)的形式来使用。
在以多层树脂膜的形式来使用上述发光树脂膜的情况下,上述发光树脂膜可以配置于多层树脂膜的整个面,也可以仅配置于一部分;还可以配置于与多层树脂膜的厚度方向垂直的面方向的整个面,也可以仅配置于一部分。在上述发光树脂膜仅配置于一部分的情况下,将该一部分作为发光区域,将其他部分作为非发光区域,从而能够使其能够仅在发光区域中显示信息。
在以多层树脂膜的形式来使用上述发光树脂膜的情况下,通过调节上述发光树脂膜及其他树脂膜的构成成分,从而还能够对所得的多层树脂膜赋予各种功能。
例如,为了对上述多层树脂膜赋予隔音性能,可以使上述发光树脂膜中的相对于热塑性树脂100重量份而言的增塑剂的含量(以下,也称为含量X。)大于其他树脂膜中的相对于热塑性树脂100重量份而言的增塑剂的含量(以下,也称为含量Y。)。该情况下,优选上述含量X比上述含量Y多5重量份以上,更优选多10重量份以上,进一步优选多15重量份以上。从上述多层树脂膜的耐贯通性进一步提高的方面出发,上述含量X与上述含量Y之差优选为50重量份以下,更优选为40重量份以下,进一步优选为35重量份以下。需要说明的是,上述含量X与上述含量Y之差通过(上述含量X与上述含量Y之差)=(上述含量X-上述含量Y)来算出。
上述含量X的优选下限为45重量份、优选上限为80重量份,更优选下限为50重量份、更优选上限为75重量份,进一步优选下限为55重量份、进一步优选上限为70重量份。通过使上述含量X为上述优选的下限以上,从而能够发挥高隔音性。通过使上述含量X为上述优选的上限以下,从而能够抑止增塑剂发生渗出,防止上述多层树脂膜的透明性、粘接性的降低。
上述含量Y的优选下限为20重量份、优选上限为45重量份,更优选的下限为30重量份、更优选的上限为43重量份,进一步优选的下限为35重量份、进一步优选的上限为41重量份。通过使上述含量Y为上述优选的下限以上,从而能够发挥高耐贯通性。通过使上述含量Y为上述优选的上限以下,从而能够抑止增塑剂发生渗出,防止上述多层树脂膜的透明性、粘接性的降低。
另外,为了对上述多层树脂膜赋予隔音性,上述发光树脂膜中的热塑性树脂优选为聚乙烯醇缩醛X。上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X可以通过将聚乙烯醇用醛进行缩醛化而制备。上述聚乙烯醇通常通过将聚乙酸乙烯酯进行皂化而得。上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度的优选下限为200、优选上限为5000。通过使上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度为200以上,从而能够提高所得的多层树脂膜的耐贯通性,通过设为5000以下,从而能够确保发光树脂膜的成形性。上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度的更优选的下限为500、更优选的上限为4000。需要说明的是,上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度通过根据JIS K6726“聚乙烯醇试验方法”的方法而求出。
用于使上述聚乙烯醇进行缩醛化的醛的碳数的优选下限为4、优选上限为6。通过使醛的碳数为4以上,从而能够稳定地含有充分量的增塑剂,能够发挥优异的隔音性能。另外,能够防止增塑剂的渗出。通过使醛的碳数为6以下,从而使聚乙烯醇缩醛X的合成容易,能够确保生产性。作为上述碳数为4~6的醛,可以为直链状的醛,也可以为支链状的醛,可举出例如正丁醛、正戊醛等。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的羟基量的优选上限为30摩尔%。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的羟基量为30摩尔%以下,从而能够含有发挥隔音性所必需的量的增塑剂,能够防止增塑剂的渗出。上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的羟基量的更优选上限为28摩尔%、进一步优选的上限为26摩尔%、特别优选的上限为24摩尔%,优选的下限为10摩尔%、更优选的下限为15摩尔%、进一步优选的下限为20摩尔%。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的羟基量是羟基所键合的乙烯基量除以主链的全部乙烯基量而求出的摩尔分率用百分率(摩尔%)表示而得的值。上述羟基所键合的乙烯基量例如利用根据JIS K6728“聚乙烯醇缩丁醛试验方法”的方法,通过测定上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的羟基所键合的乙烯基量来求出。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的缩醛基量的优选下限为60摩尔%、优选上限为85摩尔%。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的缩醛基量为60摩尔%以上,从而能够提高发光树脂膜的疏水性,而含有发挥隔音性所必需的量的增塑剂,能够防止增塑剂的渗出、白化。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的缩醛基量为85摩尔%以下,从而聚乙烯醇缩醛X的合成变容易,能够确保生产性。上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的缩醛基量的下限更优选为65摩尔%,进一步优选为68摩尔%以上。
上述缩醛基量可以利用根据JIS K6728“聚乙烯醇缩丁醛试验方法”的方法,通过测定上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的缩醛基所键合的乙烯基量来求出。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的乙酰基量的优选下限为0.1摩尔%、优选上限为30摩尔%。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的乙酰基量为0.1摩尔%以上,从而可以含有发挥隔音性所必需的量的增塑剂,能够防止渗出。另外,通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的乙酰基量为30摩尔%以下,从而能够提高发光树脂膜的疏水性,防止白化。上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X的乙酰基量的更优选的下限为1摩尔%、进一步优选的下限为5摩尔%、特别优选的下限为8摩尔%,更优选的上限为25摩尔%、进一步优选的上限为20摩尔%。
上述乙酰基量是从主链的全部乙烯基量中减去缩醛基所键合的乙烯基量和羟基所键合的乙烯基量而得的值除以主链的全部乙烯基量而求出的摩尔分率用百分率(摩尔%)表示而得的值。
特别是,从能够容易地使上述发光树脂膜含有发挥隔音性所必需的量的增塑剂的方面出发,上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X优选为上述乙酰基量为8摩尔%以上的聚乙烯醇缩醛、或上述乙酰基量不足8摩尔%且缩醛基量为65摩尔%以上的聚乙烯醇缩醛。另外,上述聚乙烯醇缩醛X更优选为上述乙酰基量为8摩尔%以上的聚乙烯醇缩醛、或上述乙酰基量不足8摩尔%且缩醛基量为68摩尔%以上的聚乙烯醇缩醛。
另外,为了对上述多层树脂膜赋予隔音性,上述其他树脂膜中的热塑性树脂优选为聚乙烯醇缩醛Y。聚乙烯醇缩醛Y优选比聚乙烯醇缩醛X的羟基量大。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y可以通过将聚乙烯醇利用醛进行缩醛化来制备。上述聚乙烯醇通常通过将聚乙酸乙烯酯进行皂化而得。另外,上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度的优选下限为200、优选上限为5000。通过使上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度为200以上,从而能够提高多层树脂膜的耐贯通性,通过设为5000以下,从而能够确保其他树脂膜的成形性。上述聚乙烯醇的平均聚合度的更优选下限为500、更优选上限为4000。
用于使上述聚乙烯醇进行缩醛化的醛的碳数的优选下限为3、优选上限为4。通过将醛的碳数设为3以上,从而上述多层树脂膜的耐贯通性提高。通过将醛的碳数设为4以下,从而聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的生产性提高。作为上述碳数为3~4的醛,可以为直链状的醛,也可以为支链状的醛,可举出例如正丁醛等。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的羟基量的优选上限为33摩尔%、优选下限为28摩尔%。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的羟基量为33摩尔%以下,从而能够防止多层树脂膜的白化。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的羟基量为28摩尔%以上,从而上述多层树脂膜的耐贯通性提高。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的缩醛基量的优选下限为60摩尔%、优选上限为80摩尔%。通过使上述缩醛基量为60摩尔%以上,从而能够含有发挥充分的耐贯通性所必需的量的增塑剂。通过使上述缩醛基量为80摩尔%以下,从而能够确保上述其他树脂膜与玻璃的粘接力。上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的缩醛基量的更优选下限为65摩尔%、更优选上限为69摩尔%。
上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的乙酰基量的优选上限为7摩尔%。通过使上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的乙酰基量为7摩尔%以下,从而能够提高其他树脂膜的疏水性,防止白化。上述聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的乙酰基量的更优选上限为2摩尔%、优选下限为0.1摩尔%。
需要说明的是,聚乙烯醇缩醛Y的羟基量、缩醛基量及乙酰基量可以利用与聚乙烯醇缩醛X同样的方法来测定。
另外,例如为了对上述多层树脂膜赋予隔热性能,可以使上述发光树脂膜及其他树脂膜中的任意1层、任意2层或所有层含有热射线吸收剂。
上述热射线吸收剂只要具有遮蔽红外线的性能,就没有特别限定,优选为选自掺杂锡的氧化铟(ITO)粒子、掺杂锑的氧化锡(ATO)粒子、掺杂铝的氧化锌(AZO)粒子、掺杂铟的氧化锌(IZO)粒子、掺杂锡的氧化锌粒子、掺杂硅的氧化锌粒子、六硼化镧粒子及六硼化铈粒子中的至少1种。
上述多层树脂膜的厚度没有特别限定,优选的下限为50μm、优选的上限为1700μm,更优选的下限为100μm、更优选的上限为1000μm,进一步优选的上限为900μm。需要说明的是,上述多层树脂膜的厚度的下限意指上述多层树脂膜的最小厚度的部分的厚度,上述多层树脂膜的厚度的上限意指上述多层树脂膜的最大厚度的部分的厚度。
上述多层树脂膜中的上述发光树脂膜的厚度没有特别限定,优选的下限为50μm、优选的上限为1000μm。上述发光树脂膜的厚度为该范围内时,在照射特定波长的光时可充分地得到对比度高的发光。上述多层树脂膜的厚度的更优选的下限为80μm、更优选的上限为500μm,进一步优选的下限为90μm、进一步优选的上限为300μm。
上述发光树脂膜、上述多层树脂膜的截面形状可以为楔形。通过使截面形状为楔形,从而例如作为HUD使用时,能够防止重影的发生。从不易产生重影的观点出发,楔形的楔角θ的上限优选为1mrad。需要说明的是,例如在通过使用挤出机将树脂组合物进行挤出成形的方法来制造截面形状为楔形的膜的情况下,有时成为下述形状:在从薄的一侧的一个端部稍微向内侧的区域(具体而言,将一端与另一端之间的距离设为X时,从薄的一侧的一端向内侧0X~0.2X的距离的区域)具有最小厚度。另外,有时成为下述形状:在从厚的一侧的一个端部稍微向内侧的区域(具体而言,将一端与另一端之间的距离设为X时,从厚的一侧的一端向内侧0X~0.2X的距离的区域)具有最大厚度。本说明书中,这种形状也包括在楔形中。
上述多层树脂膜的截面形状为楔形的情况下,通过将上述发光树脂膜的厚度设为一定范围,并且层叠上述其他树脂膜作为形状辅助层,从而作为多层树脂膜整体而言的截面形状可以按照成为一定的楔角的楔形的方式进行调节。或者,通过使上述发光树脂膜及上述其他树脂膜中的至少一者为楔形,从而作为多层树脂膜整体而言的截面形状可以按照成为一定的楔角的楔形的方式进行调节。上述其他树脂膜可以仅层叠于上述发光树脂膜的一个面,也可以层叠于两个面。进而,也可以层叠多个其他树脂膜。
上述发光树脂膜的截面形状可以为楔形,也可以为矩形。上述发光树脂膜的最大厚度与最小厚度之差优选为100μm以下。由此,能够抑制照射光线时所显示的信息的亮度产生较大的差异。上述发光树脂膜的最大厚度与最小厚度之差更优选为95μm以下,进一步优选为90μm以下。
上述发光树脂膜、上述多层树脂膜的截面形状为楔形的情况下,上述发光树脂膜的厚度没有特别限定,优选的下限为50μm、优选的上限为700μm。上述发光树脂膜的厚度为该范围内时,能够显示均匀的信息。上述发光树脂膜的厚度的更优选的下限为70μm、更优选的上限为400μm,进一步优选的下限为80μm、进一步优选的上限为150μm。需要说明的是,上述发光树脂膜的厚度的下限意指发光树脂膜的最小厚度的部分的厚度,上述发光树脂膜的厚度的上限意指发光树脂膜的最大厚度的部分的厚度。
上述其他树脂膜层叠于上述发光树脂膜,具有作为多层树脂膜整体而言的截面形状按照成为一定的楔角的楔形的方式进行调节的作用。上述其他树脂膜的截面形状优选为楔形、三角形、梯形或矩形。通过层叠截面形状为楔形、三角形、梯形的其他树脂膜作为形状辅助层,从而能够使作为多层树脂膜整体而言的截面形状以呈现为一定的楔角的楔形的方式进行调整。另外,也可以将多个形状辅助层组合来调整作为多层树脂膜整体而言的截面形状。
上述其他树脂膜的厚度没有特别限定,从实用方面的观点、以及充分地提高粘接力及耐贯通性的观点出发,优选的下限为10μm、优选的上限为1000μm,更优选的下限为200μm、更优选的上限为800μm,进一步优选的下限为300μm。需要说明的是,上述其他树脂膜的厚度的下限意指其他树脂膜的最小厚度的部分的厚度,上述其他树脂膜的厚度的上限意指其他树脂膜的最大厚度的部分的厚度。另外,组合使用多个其他树脂膜的情况下,意指其合计厚度。
上述发光树脂膜、上述多层树脂膜优选利用至少1张玻璃板来增强。上述发光树脂膜、上述多层树脂膜也可以以层叠于一对玻璃板之间的夹层玻璃的形式来使用。
上述玻璃板可以使用通常使用的透明平板玻璃。可列举出例如浮法平板玻璃、抛光平板玻璃、压花玻璃、嵌丝玻璃、夹丝平板玻璃、着色了的平板玻璃、热射线吸收玻璃、热射线反射玻璃、生玻璃等无机玻璃。此外,也可以使用在玻璃的表面形成有紫外线屏蔽涂层的紫外线屏蔽玻璃,优选用作与照射特定波长的光线的一侧相反的玻璃板。进而,作为上述玻璃板,也可以使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯等有机塑料板。作为上述玻璃板,也可使用2种以上的玻璃板。可列举出例如在透明浮法平板玻璃与生玻璃之类的着色了的玻璃板之间层叠有上述发光树脂膜、上述多层树脂膜的夹层玻璃。此外,作为上述玻璃板,也可以使用两种以上的厚度不同的玻璃板。
本发明的发光显示系统具有光源。
上述光源照射上述发光树脂膜中的发光材料的激发波长的光线。起到通过照射该光线而在发光树脂膜上显示信息的作用。上述所照射的光线包含上述发光材料的激发波长,根据上述发光材料的种类来选择。
本发明的发光显示系统中,使用2台以上的上述光源,以使从光源照射的光线在发光树脂膜上至少一部分重叠的方式进行配置。由此,即使一个一个的光源的照射强度低,也能够在较广范围内以高亮度显示信息。另外,一个一个的光源即使配置于离得较远的场所,也可得到充分的效果,因此光源配置的自由度也高。
上述光源的数量多时,能够在更广的范围内以高亮度显示信息,但考虑到在受限制的空间中配置的情况,实质上的上限为10台左右。
从上述光源照射的激发波长的光线的照射强度优选为200mW/cm2以下。若为200mW/cm2以下的照射强度,则能够充分地确保安全性。另外,若为200mW/cm2以下的照射强度,则不会不必要地使装置大型化了的配置变难。从上述光源照射的激发波长的光线的照射强度更优选为150mW/cm2以下,进一步优选为100mW/cm2以下。
从上述光源照射的激发波长的光线的照射强度的下限没有特别限定,为了以充分的亮度显示信息,优选为10mW/cm2以上,更优选为50mW/cm2以上。
需要说明的是,上述所照射的光的输出可以通过使用了在距离光源10cm的位置所配置的激光功率计(例如Ophir Japan公司制、“Beam track power measurement sensor3A-QUAD”等)的照射强度测定来进行测定。
上述光源可举出例如点光源(Hamamatsu Photonics Co.,Ltd.制、“LC-8”等)、氙气闪光灯(Heraeus公司制、“CW灯”等)、黑光(井内盛荣堂公司制、“Carry hand”)等。
若使用本发明的发光显示系统,则能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息。
本发明的发光显示系统能够作为汽车等车辆的挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃、后窗玻璃、航空器、建筑物等的窗玻璃等广泛使用。其中,配置有将上述发光树脂膜作为夹层玻璃用中间膜来使用的夹层玻璃、以及2个以上光源的本发明的发光显示系统作为平视显示器来说是极有用的。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息的发光显示系统、及使用了该发光显示系统的平视显示器。
附图说明
图1是对基于本发明的发光显示系统的信息显示方法进行说明的示意图。
图2是对基于仅使用了1台光源的发光显示系统的信息显示方法进行说明的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下列举实施例来更详细地说明本发明的方式,但本发明并不仅限于这些实施例。
(实施例1)
(1)聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的制备
在安装有搅拌机的2m3反应器中投入PVA(聚合度1700、皂化度99摩尔%)的7.5质量%水溶液1700kg和正丁醛74.6kg、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚0.13kg,将整体冷却至14℃。于其中添加浓度30质量%的硝酸99.44L,开始PVA的丁缩醛化。添加结束后起10分钟后开始升温,用90分钟升温至65℃,进而进行120分钟反应。然后,冷却至室温为止并将析出的固体成分过滤后,对于固体成分,将其利用以质量计10倍量的离子交换水清洗10次。然后,用0.3质量%的碳酸氢钠水溶液充分进行中和,进而对于固体成分,将其利用以质量计10倍量的离子交换水清洗10次,并进行脱水,然后进行干燥,得到聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂(PVB)。
(2)发光树脂膜及夹层玻璃的制造
在三乙二醇二-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO)40重量份中加入2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯(Aldrich公司制、“2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯”)0.54重量份,制备发光性的增塑剂溶液。将所得的增塑剂溶液的总量与所得的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛100重量份利用混合辊充分混炼,由此制备树脂组合物。
使用挤出机将所得的树脂组合物挤出,得到厚度760μm的发光树脂膜。
将所得的发光树脂膜作为夹层玻璃用中间膜,层叠于纵5cm×横5cm的一对透明玻璃(厚度2.5mm)之间,得到层叠体。将所得的层叠体利用真空层压机在90℃下保持30分钟并同时进行真空压制而进行压接。压接后在140℃、14MPa的条件下使用高压釜进行20分钟压接,得到夹层玻璃。
(3)发光显示系统的构筑
作为光源,准备2台或3台微型投影仪(索尼公司制),以各光源的波长405nm的光线的照射强度成为200mW/cm2的方式进行调整。
对于所得的夹层玻璃,以所照射的光线在夹层玻璃上重叠的方式来配置光源。
(实施例2)
将乙酸铕(Eu(CH3COO)3)12.5mmol溶解于50mL的蒸馏水中,加入三氟乙酰丙酮(TFA、CH3COCH2COCF3)33.6mmol,在室温下搅拌3小时。将沉淀的固体过滤、水洗后,用甲醇和蒸馏水进行重结晶,得到Eu(TFA)3(H2O)2。将所得的络合物Eu(TFA)3(H2O)25.77g与1,10-菲绕啉(phen)2.5g溶解于100mL的甲醇中,进行12小时加热回流。12小时后,通过减压蒸馏去除来去除甲醇,得到白色产物。将该粉末用甲苯清洗,将未反应的原料利用抽吸过滤而去除后,将甲苯减压蒸馏去除,得到粉体。利用甲苯、己烷的混合溶剂进行重结晶,由此得到Eu(TFA)3phen。
相对于3GO40重量份,使用所得的Eu(TFA)3phen0.4重量份来代替2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯(Aldrich公司制、“2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯”)0.54重量份,除此以外,与实施例1同样地操作,制造发光树脂膜及夹层玻璃。并且,配置2台或3台光源来构筑发光显示系统。
(实施例3)
将乙酸铽(Tb(CH3COO)3)12.5mmol溶解于50mL的蒸馏水中,加入三氟乙酰丙酮(TFA、CH3COCH2COCF3)33.6mmol,在室温下搅拌3小时。将沉淀的固体过滤、水洗后,用甲醇和蒸馏水进行重结晶,得到Tb(TFA)3(H2O)2。将所得的络合物Tb(TFA)3(H2O)25.77g与1,10-菲绕啉(phen)2.5g溶解于100mL的甲醇中,进行12小时加热回流。12小时后,通过减压蒸馏去除来去除甲醇,得到白色产物。将该粉末用甲苯清洗,将未反应的原料利用抽吸过滤而去除后,将甲苯减压蒸馏去除,得到粉体。利用甲苯、己烷的混合溶剂进行重结晶,由此得到Tb(TFA)3phen。
相对于3GO40重量份,使用所得的Tb(TFA)3phen0.4重量份来代替2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯(Aldrich公司制、“2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸二乙酯”)0.54重量份,除此以外,与实施例1同样地操作,制造发光树脂膜及夹层玻璃。并且,配置2台或3台光源来构筑发光显示系统。
(比较例1~3)
使光源的台数及照射强度如表2所示,除此以外,与实施例1~3同样地操作,制造发光树脂膜及夹层玻璃,配置2台或3台光源来构筑发光显示系统。
(评价)
对于在实施例及比较例中得到的发光显示系统,利用以下的方法进行评价。
结果示于表1、2。
(1)安全性的评价
对于发光显示系统的安全性,将光源的照射强度为200mW/cm2以下的情况评价为“○”,将超过200mW/cm2的情况评价为“×”。
(2)显示亮度的评价
从被照射光的夹层玻璃的表面以45度的角度,在距离夹层玻璃的表面的最短距离为35cm的位置且在照射光的一侧配置亮度计(拓普康技术公司制、“SR-3AR”)。并且,从光源向夹层玻璃照射光,测定在夹层玻璃上所显示的信息的亮度。
需要说明的是,在使用多个光源的情况下,测定来自全部光源的光线发生重叠的部位的亮度。
[表1]
[表2]
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明,能够提供能够安全且简便地在较广范围内显示规定亮度的信息的发光显示系统、及使用了该发光显示系统的平视显示器。
符号说明
1 发光树脂膜
2 光源
3 光源
4 光源
Claims (6)
1.一种发光显示系统,其特征在于,其具有:发光树脂膜和2台以上的光源,所述发光树脂膜含有热塑性树脂和发光材料,所述光源照射所述发光材料的激发波长的光线,
以使从所述光源照射的光线在所述发光树脂膜上至少部分地重叠的方式配置所述发光树脂膜和2台以上的光源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发光显示系统,其特征在于,发光树脂膜以层叠有其他树脂膜的多层树脂膜的形式来配置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的发光显示系统,其特征在于,发光树脂膜被利用至少1张玻璃板来增强。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的发光显示系统,其特征在于,发光树脂膜以层叠于一对玻璃板之间的夹层玻璃的形式来配置。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的发光显示系统,其特征在于,从光源照射的激发波长的光线的照射强度为200mW/cm2以下。
6.一种平视显示器,其使用了权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的发光显示系统。
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