CN105828765B - 具有通道形成区域和c形包裹密封件的吸收芯 - Google Patents
具有通道形成区域和c形包裹密封件的吸收芯 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了基本上平面的吸收芯(28),该吸收芯在吸收材料沉积区域(73)上包括按重量计至少80%且最多100%的作为的吸收材料的超吸收聚合物、和芯包裹物。吸收材料沉积区域包括至少一个不含吸收材料的通道形成区域(26a,b),芯包裹物的顶部基底和底部基底(16,16’)通过所述通道形成区域粘结在一起。辅助胶(72)在辅助胶施加区域(71)上至少直接施加到第一基底的内表面。辅助胶施加区域(71)小于吸收材料沉积区域(73),并且芯沿至少一个边缘,具体地沿芯的所述两个纵向延伸的边缘包括至少一个C形包裹密封件(284’,286’)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸收制品诸如但不限于婴儿尿布、训练裤、女性卫生护垫或成人失禁制品中的吸收芯和它们的用途。
背景技术
上述类型的用于个人卫生的吸收制品被设计成吸收和容纳身体流出物,具体地大量尿液。这些吸收制品包括提供不同功能的多个层,例如顶片、底片和它们间的吸收芯、还有其它层。吸收芯的功能通常是吸收并保持流出物持续延长的时间量,使再润湿最小化以保持穿着者干燥并避免弄脏衣服或床单。
大部分当前市售的吸收制品包含作为吸收材料的粉碎的木浆与呈颗粒形式的超吸收聚合物(SAP)的共混物,也被称为吸收胶凝材料(AGM),参见例如US 5,151,092(Buell)。还提出过具有基本上由作为吸收材料的SAP组成的芯(所谓的“不含透气毡”芯)的吸收制品(参见例如6,790,798(Suzuki)、WO2008/155699(Hundorf)、WO95/11652(Tanzer)、WO2012/052172(Van Malderen))。还提出了具有狭缝或沟槽的吸收芯,所述狭缝或沟槽通常用于增加芯的流体采集特性或用于充当折叠引导件。
对于具有不含透气毡芯的吸收制品来讲,在润湿状态和干燥状态下将SAP固定在芯内可能尤其是个难题。US6,790,798(Suzuki)和WO2008/155699(Hundorf)公开了带有图案化SAP层的吸收芯,所述SAP层是通过将纤维热塑性粘合剂材料层沉积到SAP层上来固定的。在使用制品之前和使用期间,纤维热塑性材料有助于保持SAP在吸收芯中的位置,而不基本上限制SAP吸收大量尿液的能力。
WO2012/170778(Rosati等人,还可参见WO2012/170779、WO2012/170781和WO2012/170808)公开了吸收结构,所述吸收结构包含超吸收聚合物,任选地纤维素材料以及至少一对基本上纵向延伸的通道。芯包裹物可通过通道粘结以形成通道粘结部。通道粘结部可以是永久性的,使得它们的完整性至少部分地在干燥状态和润湿状态两者下被保持。在吸收结构吸收液体并溶胀时,吸收结构采用三维形状,其中通道变得可见。所述通道被指出提供改善的贴合性和/或更好的液体采集/输送,和/或在吸收结构的整个使用过程中的改善的性能。在一些优选的实施方案中,芯包括施加到吸收层的第一粘合剂材料,优选地所述第一粘合剂材料为热塑性纤维粘合剂材料,并且第二粘合剂材料可存在于支撑片和吸收层之间。
虽然现有技术的吸收芯一般具有良好的特性,但持续地需要减少原材料,具体地粘合剂材料的用量,同时改善或至少保持关键特性诸如SAP固定作用和流体采集。
发明内容
本发明如权利要求所表明。具体地,在第一方面,本发明是关于沿横向和纵向延伸的基本上平面的吸收芯,该吸收芯具有前边缘、后边缘和两个纵向延伸的侧边缘。该吸收芯包括具有第一基底和第二基底的芯包裹物,其中每个基底均包括内表面和外表面;吸收材料,所述吸收材料包含按重量计至少80%且最多100%的超吸收聚合物,并且限定第一基底和第二基底之间的吸收材料沉积区域。吸收材料沉积区域涵盖一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域。辅助胶在辅助胶施加区域上直接施加到第一基底的内表面。辅助胶通过一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域中的至少一者或多者至少部分地将第一基底的内表面粘结到第二基底的内表面,使得当吸收材料溶胀时芯包裹物在基本上不含吸收材料的粘结的区域中形成通道。辅助胶施加区域小于吸收材料沉积区域。第一基底或第二基底中的一个包括至少一个向外延伸的翼片,所述翼片围绕前边缘、后边缘或任一侧边缘至少之一折叠,并且所述延伸的一个或多个翼片粘结到另一个基底的外表面以形成至少一个C形包裹密封件。吸收芯可具体地包括两个翼片,所述翼片各自侧向延伸到侧边缘上以形成两个纵向延伸的侧部C形包裹密封件。
本发明人已发现,所提议的发明能够解决前序部分中所提及的问题。本发明的C形包裹密封件可与设置在吸收材料沉积区域内的芯包裹物粘结部配合以减小SAP颗粒的运动自由度。被辅助胶所覆盖的量和面积可相对于前述已知的方法减小,同时保持令人满意的对SAP的固定作用。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的吸收芯的顶视图,其中所述层中的一些被部分地移除。
图2为图1的芯的横向剖视图;
图3为芯的纵截面,示出了用于吸收层的任选的双层构造;
图4为图3的一部分的近距离视图;
图5为上部吸收结构的分解图,所述上部吸收结构形成图3所示吸收芯的二分之一,其中辅助胶被示出作为一系列狭槽施加在施加区域上,狭槽沿纵向短于吸收材料沉积区域;
图6为另选吸收芯的顶视图,其中辅助胶施加在沿纵向和横向短于吸收材料沉积区域的区域上;
图7为另选吸收芯的顶视图,其中辅助胶施加在两个子区域上;
图8为包括本发明的吸收芯的示例性尿布的顶视图;
图9示出了图8的横截面;
图10示出了当吸收芯在吸收了流体之后溶胀时的如图9所示的横截面;
图11示意性地示出了用于制备根据本发明的吸收芯的设备。
具体实施方式
引言
如本文所用,术语“包括”和“包含”是开放式术语,每个均指定其后所述的特征结构例如部件的存在,但不排除本领域已知的或本文所公开的其它特征结构例如元件、步骤、部件的存在。这些基于动词“包括”的术语应当被解读为涵盖较窄的术语“基本上由…组成”,其排除未提及的显著地影响所述特征结构执行其功能的方式的任何元件、步骤或成分;并且涵盖术语“由…组成”,其排除未指定的任何元件、步骤或成分。下文所述的任何优选的或示例性实施方案不限制权利要求的范围,除非明确地指明如此进行。字词“通常”、“常常”、“优选地”、“有利地”、“尤其是”等也限定特征结构,它们不旨在限制权利要求的范围,除非明确地指明如此进行。
除非另外指明,本说明书和权利要求书是指在使用之前(即干燥的且未加裁有流体)的吸收芯和制品,并且在21℃+/-2℃和50+/-20%的相对湿度(RH)下调理了至少24小时。
吸收芯28的一般说明
如本文所用,术语“吸收芯”是指单独部件,其被放置或旨在被放置在吸收制品内,并且包括被包封在芯包裹物中的吸收材料。如本文所用,术语“吸收芯”不包括顶片、底片和(当存在时)采集-分配层或多层系统,其不是吸收芯的整体部分,具体地其不被放置在芯包裹物内。吸收芯通常为吸收制品的如下部件,其具有吸收制品的所有部件的大部分的吸收容量,并且包含全部或至少大部分的超吸收聚合物(SAP)。芯可基本上由或由芯包裹物、吸收材料和粘合剂组成。术语“吸收芯”和“芯”在本文中互换使用。
本发明的吸收芯为基本上平面的。所谓基本上平面的,是指吸收芯能够被展平在表面上。吸收芯通常也可为薄型且可适形的,使得其也可在其制备过程中被铺展在非平坦表面例如转筒上,或者在被转换加工成吸收制品之前被储存为连续的库存材料卷。为便于讨论,图1的吸收芯示例性地以平坦状态表示,并且沿横向(x)和纵向(y)延伸。除非另外指明,本文所公开的尺寸和面积适用于处于该平展构型的芯。相同的情况适用于吸收制品,如图8示例性地所示,其中芯为整合的。为便于讨论,将参考附图和这些图中的标号来讨论本发明的吸收芯和制品;然而,除非具体地指明,这些不旨在限制权利要求书的范围。
吸收芯包括前边缘280、后边缘282和接合前边缘和后边缘的两个纵向延伸的侧边缘284,286。芯的前边缘为旨在朝吸收制品的前边缘放置的芯的边缘,芯被或将被整合在所述吸收制品中。通常,芯的吸收材料60可有利地朝前边缘比朝后边缘以一定程度地较高的量分布,因为通常朝制品的前二分之一需要更高的吸收性。通常,芯的前边缘和后边缘280,282可短于芯的侧边缘284,286。吸收芯也可包括顶侧面288和底侧面290。芯的顶侧面为被放置或旨在被放置成朝向制品的顶片24的侧面,底侧面为在成品制品中被放置或旨在被放置成朝向底片25的侧面。芯包裹物的顶侧面通常比底侧面更具亲水性。
当在由纵向和横向(x,y)形成的平面中观察芯时,吸收芯可假想地(即虚拟地)被纵向轴线80划分,所述纵向轴线从前边缘延伸至后边缘,并且将芯相对于该轴线划分成两个基本上对称的半部。吸收芯通常可为大致矩形的,带有沿横向的宽度W和沿纵向的长度L(如从边缘测量至边缘),包括不包封吸收材料的芯包裹物的区域,具体地在前端密封件和后端密封件处(当存在时)。如果芯不是矩形的,则沿横向和纵向测量的最大尺寸可用来记录芯的长度和宽度。芯的宽度和长度可取决于预期用途而有差别。对于婴儿尿布和幼儿尿布,宽度L可例如在40mm至200mm范围内,并且长度在100mm至500mm范围内。
芯的横向轴线90(本文也称作“裆线”)为垂直于纵向轴线并经过芯的裆点C的虚拟线。裆点C被定义为被放置在与吸收芯的前边缘相距0.45L的距离处的吸收芯的点,L为沿后边缘282的方向从前边缘280测量的芯的长度,如图1所示。芯的裆区在本文中被定义为芯的如下区,其从裆线延伸,即在裆点C的水平处朝芯的后边缘和前边缘沿这两个方向延伸四分之一L(L/4)的距离,总长度为L/2。芯的前区和后区为分别朝向芯的前边缘和后边缘的芯的剩余区。
芯包裹物包括第一基底和第二基底16,16’,它们如下文所更详述沿芯的至少一个边缘形成至少一个C形包裹密封件284’,286’,具体地沿芯的纵向延伸的侧边缘中的每个形成一个C形包裹密封件。吸收材料包括包封在芯包裹物内的高比例的超吸收聚合物(在本文中缩写为“SAP”)。SAP含量表示容纳在芯包裹物中的按重量计至少80%且最多100%的吸收材料。SAP可具体地呈颗粒形式(SAP颗粒)。出于计算吸收芯中SAP的百分比的目的,芯包裹物不被认为是吸收材料。
吸收材料包括按重量计至少80%,任选地至少90%且最多100%的超吸收聚合物材料。吸收材料可具体地不含纤维素纤维。吸收芯因此可相对较薄,具体地簿于包括纤维素纤维的常规芯。具体地,根据如本文所述的“芯厚度测试”,在裆点(C)处测量的或在芯的表面的任何其它点处测量的芯的厚度(使用之前)可为0.25mm至5.0mm,具体地0.5mm至4.0mm。
吸收材料60限定吸收材料沉积区域73,如由上文在芯的平面内所见。吸收芯包括一个或多个不含吸收材料的区域26,它们被涵盖在吸收材料沉积区域内,并且第一基底和第二基底通过它们彼此粘结。如下文所详述,在这些区域中,基底之间的粘结部27至少部分地由辅助胶72形成,所述辅助胶在辅助胶施加区域71上直接施加到基底的至少一个的内表面。该粘结允许不含材料的区域26随着吸收材料的溶胀(当其吸收液体诸如尿液时)形成通道26’。吸收材料沉积区域73可由一个或在一些实施方案中两个吸收层形成,所述吸收层以被接合区域76隔开的着陆区域75的图案施加在基底上,如图5针对吸收结构70示例性所示。具体地,具有偏移的着陆区域和接合区域的两个吸收层可组合起来以形成吸收材料沉积区域,其中吸收材料为基本上连续的,如图3所示。吸收芯还可有利地包括纤维热塑性粘合剂74以进一步固定吸收材料和/或有助于在吸收芯的不含材料的区域内形成粘结部。
根据本发明,辅助胶施加区域71的表面小于吸收材料沉积区域73的表面,但至少部分地存在于不含吸收材料的区域26中,使得辅助胶72可至少部分地在基底的内表面之间形成粘结部。辅助胶施加区域71的尺寸可根据所期望的吸收材料的分布来调控。例如,对于具有总体相对低量SAP的芯,有可能将辅助胶施加区域基本上减少至对应于一个或多个不含吸收材料的区域26的区域。另一方面,辅助胶施加区域71也可延伸至不直接与通道形成区域26a,26b相邻但沉积了相对高量SAP的区域,如通常将存在于芯的裆区和前区中,从而有助于它们的固定作用。具有较小的辅助胶施加区域71提供如下优点:减少所用胶的总量,同时在最需要所述胶的部位保持所述胶的功能。将辅助胶层与C形包裹密封件沿芯的至少一个且优选地两个边缘组合起来,并且任选地与另一个纤维粘合剂纤维网74组合起来,这提供对处于干燥状态和润湿状态的吸收材料的足够的固定作用。根据US2010/0051166A1中所述的湿固定作用测试,吸收芯有利地实现不超过约70%、60%、50%、40%、30%、20%或10%的SAP损失。
本发明的吸收芯通常将用于吸收制品,例如胶粘尿布,如图8以平展状态所示。芯的纵向轴线80因而可与制品的纵向轴线80’接续。制品还可包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片25,其中吸收芯28被定位在顶片和底片之间。
将在下文中更一般地阐述并通过附图示例性地示出的实施方案的例证来阐述本发明的吸收芯和制品,除非另外指明,所述附图不被认为是限制本发明的范围。
基底16,16’
芯包裹物由第一基底16和第二基底16’限定并且包封吸收材料。第一基底和第二基底可为出自围绕吸收材料折叠的单个材料纤维网的部分,如在包装包裹物中那样。然而,第一基底和第二基底有利地包括两个独立的材料纤维网,它们沿吸收芯的边缘彼此附接。基底可由适用于接收和容纳吸收材料的任何材料形成。可使用用于制备常规芯的典型的基底材料,具体地,纸材、薄纸、膜、织造材料或非织造材料、或任何这些材料的层合体。芯包裹物可具体地由非织造纤维网形成,诸如梳理非织造织物、纺粘非织造织物(“S”)或熔喷非织造织物(“M”),以及这些中任一种的层合体。例如,熔纺聚丙烯非织造织物是合适的,具体地是具有层压纤维网SMS、或SMMS或SSMMS结构,并具有约5gsm至15gsm基重范围的那些。合适的材料例如公开于US 7,744,576、US 2011/0268932 A1、US 2011/0319848 A1和US 2011/0250413 A1中。可使用由合成纤维诸如PE、PET,尤其是PP所提供的非织造材料。
如本文所用,术语“非织造层”或“非织造纤维网”一般是指由定向或任意取向的纤维通过摩擦和/或胶粘和/或粘附而粘结成的、或通过湿磨法而毡化成的人造片、纤维网或毛层,不包括纸张和通过织造、编织、簇成、缝编而组合束缚的纱或长丝的产品,无论是否另外缝过。这些纤维可源于天然来源或合成来源,并且可为短纤维或连续长丝或原位形成的纤维。可商购获得的纤维具有的直径范围为小于约0.001mm至大于约0.2mm,并且它们具有几种不同的形式,诸如短纤维(已知为化学短纤维或短切纤维)、连续单纤维(长丝或单丝)、无捻连续长丝束(丝束)和加捻连续长丝束(纱线)。非织造纤维网可通过许多方法形成,诸如熔喷法、纺粘法、溶液纺丝、静电纺纱、梳理法和气流成网法。非织造纤维网的基重通常用克/平方米(g/m2或gsm)表示。
如图所示,第一基底16可基本上形成芯包裹物的整个顶部表面288,并且第二基底16’基本上形成芯包裹物的整个底部表面290,但不排除这可为相反的情况。所谓“基本上形成整个表面”是指另一个基底的向外延伸的翼片也可形成所考虑的表面的一部分。基底通常为基本上平面的,处在与吸收芯相同的平面中,并且各自包括外表面和内表面。内表面朝吸收材料取向,并且外表面为相对的表面。基底中的至少一个包括至少一个且有利地两个向外延伸的翼片,所述翼片围绕吸收芯的前边缘、后边缘或侧边缘折叠并随后附接到另一个基底的外表面,从而形成至少一个所谓的C形包裹密封件。这示例性地示出于图2中,其中第一基底包括两个侧翼,所述侧翼沿芯的长度侧向延伸并且折叠到吸收芯的每个侧边缘284,286上。翼片可例如通过使用粘合剂密封件284’,286’沿每个C形包裹密封件附接到第二基底的外表面。通常可沿翼片的长度施加一个或两个连续的或半连续的胶线以将翼片的内表面粘结到另一个基底的外表面。
如图3示例性地所示,芯也可包括所谓的夹心密封件280’,282’,其中所述两个基底沿芯的一个边缘以面对面关系彼此粘结,其中每个基底的内表面粘结到另一个基底的内表面。这些夹心密封件可例如通过使用热熔胶来形成,所述热熔胶以一系列条沿垂直于边缘的方向施加,如例如图1中的芯的前边缘280和后边缘282所示。
基底通常可在商业上被供应为具有数百米长度的材料卷。然后将每个卷整合在转换加工生产线上并以高速展开,同时将辅助粘合剂、吸收材料和纤维热塑性粘合剂层(当存在时)沉积或施加在基底上,然后进一步转换加工成吸收芯,这时包封吸收材料的芯包裹物由第二基底形成。通常,转换加工生产线的纵向(MD)可对应于基底/芯的纵向(y),并且横向(CD)对应于基底/芯的横向(x)。可沿芯280,282的前边缘和后边缘切割基底以将芯个体化。这将在下文的方法部分中进一步示例性地讨论。
第一基底的内表面至少部分地由辅助胶通过一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26a,b粘结到第二基底的内表面,所述吸收材料被涵盖在吸收材料沉积区域73中。辅助胶可直接施加在第一基底和/或第二基底上。也不排除所述两个基底之间的粘结部可由纤维胶层74(当存在时)强化,或者通过使用附加粘结方案来强化,诸如在不含材料区域26中热和/或压力粘结所述两个基底。第二辅助胶层也可存在于另一个基底上。当吸收材料因吸收了液体诸如尿液而溶胀时,芯包裹物沿这些粘结的区域26a,b逐渐形成通道26’。
形成通道的不含吸收材料的区域26a,b可为纵向延伸的,但所述区域无需仅仅沿纵向延伸;它们可例如为弧形的或相对于纵向倾斜。通道可在制品的使用期间为制品提供更大的侧向柔韧性以及沿通道的改善的流体分配。
吸收材料60
吸收材料包含相对高量的超吸收聚合物(本文称作“SAP”)。用于本发明中的SAP包含多种水不溶性却水可溶胀的能够吸收大量流体的聚合物。按吸收材料的重量计,吸收材料包含至少80%,具体地至少85%,90%,95%且最多100%的超吸收聚合物。按吸收材料的重量计,吸收材料可具体地不包括或仅包括少量的纤维素纤维,诸如小于20%,具体地小于10%,5%或甚至0%的纤维素纤维。吸收材料因此可有利地由或基本上由SAP组成。SAP通常可呈颗粒形式(超吸收聚合物颗粒),但不排除可使用其它形式的SAP,例如超吸收聚合物泡沫。
术语“超吸收聚合物”在本文中是指吸收材料,它们可为交联聚合材料,当使用“离心保留容量”(CRC)测试(EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05E)来测量时,所述交联聚合材料通常能够吸收至少10倍于它们自身重量的含水的0.9%盐水溶液。所述SAP具体地可具有超过20g/g,或超过24g/g,或20g/g至50g/g,或20g/g至40g/g,或24g/g至30g/g的CRC值。
超吸收聚合物可呈颗粒形式以便在干燥状态下能够流动并因此容易沉积在基底上。典型的粒状吸收性聚合物材料由聚(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物制成。然而,还可使用基于淀粉的颗粒状吸收性聚合物材料,以及聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇共聚物、交联聚环氧乙烷、以及聚丙烯腈的淀粉接枝的共聚物。超吸收聚合物可为聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯酸聚合物,它们为内部交联和/或表面交联的。合适的材料描述于WO 07/047598、WO 07/046052、WO 2009/155265和WO 2009/155264中。在一些实施方案中,适宜的超吸收聚合物颗粒可通过本领域现阶段的制备工艺获得,如更具体地在WO2006/083584中描述。优选将超吸收聚合物内部交联,即在具有两个或更多个可聚合基团的化合物的存在下进行聚合,所述化合物可自由基共聚到聚合物网络中。在一些实施方案中,SAP由聚丙烯酸聚合物/聚丙烯酸酯聚合物形成,例如具有60%至90%,或约75%的中和程度,具有例如钠抗衡离子。
SAP颗粒在它们的干燥状态下可相对较小(它们的最长尺寸在1mm以下),并且在形状上可为大致圆形,但颗粒料、纤维、薄片、球体、粉末、板片和其它形状和形式也是本领域的技术人员已知的。通常,SAP可呈球状颗粒形式。与纤维相反,“球状颗粒”具有最长和最短尺寸,并且颗粒的最长和最短颗粒尺寸之比在1-5范围内,其中值1等于完美的球状颗粒,而值5将使得与此类球状颗粒有一些偏差。如根据EDANA方法WSP220.2-05所测量,超吸收聚合物颗粒可具有小于850μm,或50至850μm,优选100至710μm,更优选150至650μm的粒度。具有相对低粒度的SAP有助于增加与液体流出物接触的吸收材料的表面积,并因此支持液体流出物的快速吸收。
吸收芯通常将包括仅一种类型的SAP,但并不排除可使用SAP的共混物。超吸收聚合物的流体渗透性可使用其“尿液渗透性测量”(UPM)值来量化,如在欧洲专利申请号EP12174117.7所公开的测试中进行测量。SAP的UPM可为例如至少10×10-7cm3.sec/g,或至少30×10-7cm3.sec/g,或至少50×10-7cm3.sec/g,或更高,例如至少80或100×10-7cm3.sec/g。流动特性也可通过改变在第二吸收层中使用的SAP量和分布进行调节。
吸收材料沉积区域73
被包封在芯包裹物内的吸收材料60具有吸收材料沉积区域73,如见于吸收芯的平面中。如从吸收芯的顶侧面所见,吸收材料沉积区域73由如下层的周边限定,所述层由芯包裹物内的吸收材料60形成,如图1所示,并且包括被涵盖在其内的不含吸收材料的区域26a,b。吸收材料沉积区域73可以为大致矩形的,例如如图1所示,但是还可使用其它形状,诸如“T”或“Y”或“沙漏”或“狗骨”形。具体地,沉积区域可在芯的裆区处表现出沿其宽度的渐缩部。以这种方式,吸收材料沉积区域在旨在置于吸收制品裆区中的芯区域中可具有相对窄的宽度。这可提供例如更好的穿着舒适性。吸收材料沉积区域73可例如在其最窄点处具有小于约100mm,90mm,80mm,70mm,60mm或甚至小于约50mm的宽度(如沿横向x测量的)。该最窄宽度可例如比其在沉积区域73的前区和/或后区中的最大点处的沉积区域的宽度小至少5mm,或至少10mm。
不考虑不含吸收材料的区域26a,b,SAP的基重(每单位表面的沉积量)也可沿沉积区域73有变化以产生吸收材料(具体地SAP)沿纵向y(如图3示意性地所示)、沿横向(x)、或沿芯的这两个方向的成型分布。从而沿芯的纵向轴线80,以及沿横向轴线或平行于这些轴线中任一个的任何轴线,吸收材料的基重可有变化。相对高基重的区域中的SAP基重可因此比相对低基重区域中的SPA基重高例如至少10%、或20%、或30%、或40%、或50%。具体地,相比于吸收材料沉积区域73的至少一个其它区域,具体地在芯的裆区中,在裆点C的纵向位置处存在于吸收材料沉积区域中的SAP可具有更多的SAP每单位沉积表面。
可使用已知的技术将吸收材料60沉积在任一基底上,所述技术可允许以相对高的速度相对精确地沉积SAP。具体地,可使用如例如US2006/024433(Blessing)、US2008/0312617和US2010/0051166A1(两者均授予Hundorf等人)中所公开的SAP印刷技术。该技术使用转印装置诸如印刷辊以将SAP沉积到设置在载体的网格上的基底上,所述载体可包括基本上彼此平行地延伸并彼此间隔开的多个横杆。基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可例如通过将网格和接收鼓的图案改性使得所选择的区域上不施加SAP而形成,如在US2012/0312491(Jackels)中所示例性公开的。该技术允许SAP在基底上高速且精确的沉积,具体地以提供被吸收材料包围的一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26。
吸收材料可基本上连续地分布在沉积区域73中。所谓“基本上连续的”是指沉积区域的至少50%,或至少至70%且最多100%包括连续的吸收材料层,如从芯的顶侧面所见。吸收材料可例如作为单个连续的层施加在基底之一上,该层因此直接形成材料沉积区域73。
吸收材料具体地SAP的连续层也可通过组合具有匹配的不连续吸收材料施加图案的两个吸收层而获得,其中所得层横跨吸收材料沉积区域73基本上连续地分布,如US2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)中所示例性地提出的,并且如图3-4示例性地所示。一种此类个体吸收层61单独地以分解图示出于图5中。每个吸收材料层61,62均包括具有被不含吸收材料的接合区域76,76’隔开的吸收材料着陆区域75,75’的图案。第一层的吸收材料区域75基本上对应于第二层的不含吸收材料的接合区域76’,并且反之亦然。如图3-4示例性所示,吸收芯28因此可包括分别沉积在第一基底16和第二基底16’上的第一吸收层61和第二吸收层62,并且它们组合在一起。
图5更详细地示出了第一基底16;辅助胶层72,所述辅助胶层如下文所述通过槽式涂布以一系列狭槽72施加;呈图案的第一吸收材料层61,所述图案具有被不含吸收材料的接合区域76隔开的侧向取向的吸收材料着陆区域75;和任选的但优选的至少一个纤维胶层74,所述纤维胶层覆盖吸收材料着陆区域75和不含吸收材料的接合区域76以将吸收材料层61进一步固定在第一基底上。吸收材料层也包括不含吸收材料的区域26a,26b,基底16将通过所述不含吸收材料的区域附接到第二基底16’。第一吸收层和第二吸收层61,62可按横向带或“着陆区域”的形式沉积,在被组合之前,所述横向带或“着陆区域”具有与它们的相应基底上所期望的吸收材料沉积区域73相同的宽度。每个吸收层61均可包括例如介于5和50个之间的这些大致矩形的着陆区域。这些着陆区域可具有例如范围为4mm至20mm,具体地10mm的宽度,如沿纵向(y)所测量的那样。着陆区域75可沿横向(x)具有均匀的长度,但它们可具有不同的宽度,具体地朝吸收结构的中心部分或裆部具有不同的宽度以形成所谓“狗骨”或“沙漏”形状,所述形状沿其宽度至少在所述结构的裆区中表现出渐缩部。
着陆区域75之间的接合区域76的宽度通常可短于着陆区域的宽度,例如具有示例性地范围为0.5mm至6mm,例如1mm至2mm的宽度。当然,吸收材料的其它沉积图案也是可能的,例如吸收材料可被沉积为一系列圆形或卵圆形着陆区域、或矩形着陆区域与圆形或卵圆形着陆区域的组合。
在许多应用中,所述液体排放主要是在芯的一个区域中发生的。对于尿布,所述液体可主要朝芯的裆区释放,并且在较小程度上朝芯的前部释放。相对较少的液体可朝芯的后部释放。因此,可有益地使吸收材料量沿吸收结构的纵向成型,使得更多吸收材料存在于其中所述液体更可能侵害芯的区域中。着陆区域75可有利地包括不同量的吸收材料以提供沿芯的纵向和/或横向成型的基重。
如上所述,吸收层61的接合区域76可有利地不是直接在吸收芯中可辨认的,因为它们将填充有相对吸收层62的着陆区域75’,如图4所示。另一方面,本发明的一个目的是,吸收材料沉积区域73涵盖至少一个,具体地两个不含吸收材料的区域26,基底通过所述区域粘结到另一个基底。
一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26和通道26’
芯的吸收材料沉积区域73涵盖一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26。所谓“基本上不含”是指在这些区域中的每个中,吸收材料的基重为芯的吸收材料沉积区域73的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%,具体地小于20%,小于10%。具体地,在这些区域26ab中可不存在吸收材料。在制备过程中可能出现的少量诸如非故意的带有吸收材料颗粒的污染物不被认为是吸收材料。当考虑芯的平面时,区域26有利地被吸收材料围绕,这意味着一外或多个区域26不延伸至吸收材料的沉积区域的任一边缘。
芯包裹物的顶侧面16通过这些基本上不含吸收材料的区域26由至少一个芯包裹物粘结部27附接到芯包裹物的底侧面16’。如图10所示,当吸收材料60因吸收了液体而溶胀时,一个或多个芯包裹物粘结部27至少初始时保持附接在一个或多个基本上不含材料的区域26中。芯的剩余部分中的吸收材料60在其吸收液体时溶胀,使得芯包裹物沿包括芯包裹物粘结部27的一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26形成一个或多个通道26’。这些通道26’是三维的并且可用于沿其长度将入侵流体分配至芯的较宽区域。它们可提供更快的流体采集速度和更好的对芯的吸收容量的利用。通道26’还可提供覆盖层诸如纤维层54的变形,并提供在覆盖层中的相应沟槽29。不排除吸收芯可包括基本上不含吸收材料但不具有芯包裹物粘结部的一个或多个其它区域,但这些未粘结区域在润湿时通常将不形成通道。
第一基底16的内表面和第二基底16’的内表面可沿一外或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26连续地附接在一起,但芯包裹物粘结部27也可为不连续的(间断的),诸如由一系列点粘结部形成。辅助胶至少部分地有助于形成基底粘结部27。通常,一定的压力可在区域26中施加在基底上,使得辅助胶可更好地附接到基底并形成基底之间的粘结部。如果存在任选的纤维粘合剂74,74’,则其也可有助于形成粘结部27,并且也可能附加地经由其它已知的附接方法,诸如压力粘结、超声波粘结或热粘结或它们的组合来形成粘结部。如果辅助胶被施加为一系列连续的狭槽72s,则这些狭槽的宽度和频率可有利地使得至少一个辅助胶狭槽沿纵向存在于通道的任何水平处。例如,狭槽可为1mm宽,每个狭槽之间带有1mm的距离,并且一个或多个通道形成区域具有约8mm的宽度。这样平均来讲有4个辅助胶狭槽将存在于一个或多个区域26中。
基本上不含吸收材料的通道形成区域26的形状和尺寸的以下示例不是限制性的。一般来讲,由于一些制造过程所需的容限,芯包裹物粘结部27可具有与区域26相同但略小的轮廓。一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可存在于芯的裆区内,具体地至少在与裆点C相同的纵向水平处,如在图1中由基本上不含吸收材料的所述两个纵向延伸的区域26a,26b所示。吸收芯28还可包括多于两个基本上不含吸收材料的区域,例如至少3个、或至少4个、或至少5个、或至少6个。吸收芯可包括相对于纵向轴线80对称地布置的一对或多对基本上不含吸收材料的区域26a,26b。基本上不含吸收材料的一个或多个较短的区域也可存在于例如芯的后区或前区中,如参见例如WO2012/170778的附图。
一个或多个通道形成区域26可基本上纵向延伸,这通常是指每个区域沿纵向(y)延伸得至少与沿横向(x)延伸得一样多,并且通常沿纵向的延伸量为沿横向的延伸量的至少两倍那么多(如在投影到相应轴线上之后所测量的)。一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可具有投影到芯的纵向轴线80上的长度L’,所述长度为吸收芯长度L的至少10%,具体地20%至80%。可能有利的是,一个或多个通道形成区域26中的至少一些或全部不是完全或基本上完全横向取向的。一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域沿其长度的至少部分可具有至少2mm,或至少3mm或至少4mm,至多例如20mm、或16mm或12mm的宽度Wc。一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域的宽度Wc可在基本上其整个长度内恒定或可沿其长度变化。
一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26可完全纵向取向并平行于纵向轴线,但也可以为弯曲的。具体地,一些或全部这些区域,具体地存在于裆区中的这些区域可朝向纵向轴线80凹陷,如例如图1针对一对通道26a,b所示。曲率半径通常可为至少等于吸收材料沉积区73的平均横向尺寸(并且优选地为该平均横向尺寸的至少1.5倍或至少2.0倍);并且也可为直的,但在(例如从5°)至多30°,或例如至多20°,或至多10°的角度下,具有平行于纵向轴线的线。曲率半径对于一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域来讲可为恒定的,或者可沿其长度有变化。这还可包括其中具有角度的一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域,前提条件是介于通道的两部分之间的所述角度为至少120°,优选地至少150°;并且在这些情况中的任一种下,均假设区域的纵向延伸多于横向延伸。这些区域也可为分支的,例如与裆区中的纵向轴线叠加的中心基本上不含材料的区域朝制品的后部和/或朝前部分支。
在一些实施方案中,不存在与芯的纵向轴线80重合的基本上不含吸收材料的区域。当作为相对于纵向轴线对称的一对或多对形式存在时,一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域可在它们的整个纵向尺寸上彼此间隔开。最小的间距可以为例如至少5mm,或至少10mm,或至少16mm。
除此之外,为减少流体渗漏的风险,一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域可有利地不延伸到达吸收材料沉积区域73的任一个边缘,并因此被芯的吸收材料沉积区域73包围或完全被包括在芯的吸收材料沉积区域8内。通常,一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域与吸收材料沉积区域的最近边缘之间的最小距离为至少5mm。
当吸收材料吸收液体诸如尿液并开始溶胀时,吸收芯中的通道26’开始形成。在芯吸收更多液体时,由所述两个基底之间的芯包裹物粘结部27形成的吸收芯内的凹入部将变得更深并且观察和触摸起来更明显。有可能产生与相对低量的SAP和/或相对可延展的基底材料组合的足够强效的芯包裹物粘结部,使得通道保持永久直到吸收材料完全饱和。另一方面,在一些情况下,芯包裹物粘结部还可在芯基本上加载时限制吸收材料的溶胀。芯包裹物粘结部27也可被设计成当暴露于大量流体时以受控方式逐渐打开。因此所述粘结部可至少在吸收材料吸收中等量流体的第一阶段期间保持基本上完整,如图10所示。在第二阶段中,通道中的芯包裹物粘结部27可开始打开以为吸收材料提供更多空间用于溶胀,同时保持通道的大部分有益效果,诸如芯沿横向的增加的柔韧性和流体管理。在第三阶段中,对应于非常高的吸收芯的饱和度,更显著部分的通道粘结部可打开以为溶胀的吸收材料提供甚至更多空间用于膨胀。通道内的芯包裹物粘结部27的强度可例如通过改变用于附接芯包裹物的两个侧面的胶的含量和性质,用于制备芯包裹物粘结部的压力和/或吸收材料的分布来控制,因为更多的吸收材料通常将导致更多的溶胀,并将对粘结施加更多压力。芯包裹物的材料的延展性也可起到一定作用。
辅助胶72和辅助胶施加区域71
辅助胶72在辅助胶施加区域71上直接施加到基底16上。辅助胶通过一个或多个基本上不含吸收材料的区域26a,b在第一基底16的内表面和第二基底16’的内表面之间至少部分地形成粘结部27。辅助胶72也可用来改善第一基底16与吸收材料(在吸收材料着陆区域75中)和纤维热塑性材料74(在不含吸收材料的接合区域76中)两者之间的粘附性。
辅助胶72可包括或由吸收芯制备领域中所用的任何种类的热塑性热熔融粘合剂组成。这种粘合剂一般包括一种或多种聚合物以提供内聚强度(例如,脂族聚烯烃诸如乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚醚酰胺、聚醚酯以及它们的组合;乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物;苯乙烯-丁二烯或苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物;等),树脂或类似材料(有时被称为增粘剂)以提供粘附强度(例如,从石油馏分蒸馏出的烃类;松香和/或松香酯;衍生自例如木材或柑橘类的萜烯,等);以及任选的蜡、增塑剂或其它材料以改性粘度(例如,矿物油、聚丁烯、石蜡油、酯油等)、和/或包括但不限于抗氧化剂或其它稳定剂的其它添加剂。示例性合适的商业粘合剂以参考标号1286或1358购自Fuller。关于热熔融粘合剂化学的另外的信息在下文中针对纤维热塑性粘合剂层74进行讨论。
辅助胶72可通过本领域已知的任何粘合剂施加器来施加,具体地小珠、狭槽或喷雾嘴。辅助胶原则上可在整个辅助胶施加区域71上被施加为连续膜,然而这可能不当地增大粘合剂材料的用量。通常,粘合剂因此将不连续地施加以最大化用较低量粘合剂覆盖的区域。因此可使用诸如喷雾嘴将辅助胶施加为相对宽的粘合剂帘。也可在施加区域内将辅助胶不连续地施加为一系列离散施加区域。例如,可使用槽式涂布法将辅助胶施加为包括多个间隔开的狭槽的图案,所述狭槽可各自沿纵向延伸,如图5的狭槽72s所示。狭槽可例如具有0.5mm至3mm的宽度,并且/或者在它们之间具有0.5mm至4mm的侧向间距。狭槽72s可全部为相等的长度,如图5所示,但也可具有变化的长度。例如,如果吸收材料也是侧向成型的,朝基底的中心带有较多材料,则可有益地朝基底的该中心具有较长或较宽的狭槽。在图5的示例中,吸收材料不是沿横向成型的。该示例中的辅助粘合剂材料狭槽72s为规则地间隔的,并且全部具有相同的长度和宽度。每个狭槽可沿纵向连续地施加,如图5所示,但它们也可不连续地施加。狭槽可全部具有相同的长度;或者如果在一些区域中需要更强的SAP固定作用,则可具有不同的长度。当被施加为狭槽时,狭槽中的辅助胶72可例如以如下基重施加,所述基重在1gsm至20gsm,具体地2gsm至10gsm范围内,例如3或4gsm。更一般地,总体上考虑辅助胶施加区域71,在狭槽之间带有不含胶的任何区域或在例如螺旋胶线施加区域内带有不含胶的任何区域,整个施加区域的基重可例如为上文关于狭槽72所示基重的二分之一。基重也可在辅助胶施加区域71内局部有差别。
如本文所用,“辅助胶施加区域”是指基底16的平面中的最小区域71,其周边包围辅助胶72、和辅助胶之间的任何不含辅助胶的区域。辅助胶施加区域71小于吸收材料沉积区域73。辅助胶因此可有利地施加在其中最需要辅助胶,最优先地其中存在一个或多个通道形成区26a,b的第一基底16的区域中,并且所述两个基底之间的粘结部27为所期望的,并且通常也在或靠近吸收芯的裆区,其中吸收材料量通常可高于芯的后区中的情况。相对于吸收材料沉积区域73减小辅助胶施加区域71具有如下优点:与全施加区域相比,通常使用较少的辅助胶材料。减小辅助胶的量和面积也可提供改善的流体采集特性(因为热熔胶通常是疏水的)以及成品中减少的不期望的胶溶胀。
一般来讲,辅助胶施加区域可比吸收材料沉积区域73小至少20%,具体地比吸收材料沉积区域73小20%至80%。通过如下方式来比较这些区域:在吸收芯的平面中测量它们的表面以及将通道形成区域26’包括在吸收材料沉积区域73中。
辅助胶施加区域可沿纵向(y)和/或沿横向(x)短于吸收材料沉积区域73。辅助胶施加区域71可为例如大致矩形的,并且具有与吸收材料沉积区域73大致相同的宽度,同时沿纵向(y)较短。图1示出了这种示例,其中辅助胶施加区域71和吸收材料沉积区域73均为矩形的,具有大致相同的宽度,并且其中施加区域71纵向地短于沉积区域73并且不延伸至吸收材料沉积区域的前端或后端中的任一者。图6示出了一种另选构型,其中辅助胶施加区域71沿纵向和横向均短于吸收材料沉积区域73。当然,用于这两种区域的许多不同的构型是可能的,因为吸收材料沉积区域73也可被成形为不是矩形的。辅助胶施加区域71也可例如从吸收材料沉积区域73的前端并沿其宽度延伸,并且停止在吸收材料沉积区域的后端之前。这对于朝芯的前部具有相对高AGM量的应用来讲可为有利的,其中可能需要辅助胶。辅助胶施加区域也可具有如下形状,所述形状不是矩形但例如具有包括两个邻接的侧翼的中心主体,所述侧翼短于所述中心主体。所述翼部可或可不延伸至吸收材料沉积区域的侧向边缘,但如果需要,它们也可延伸至这些边缘。这些具有不同长度的节段可例如容易地通过如下方式来获得:使用槽式涂布法并且调节狭槽喷嘴以与施加区域的中心相比将热熔融粘合剂施加在施加区域的侧面上的较短距离上。
辅助胶施加区域71可具有适用于吸收制品的预期用途的任何形状和吸收材料的分布。具体地,辅助胶施加区域可为矩形,被成形为在基底的中心区中带有渐缩部,或者带有中心伸长部分和较短的侧部。也有可能辅助胶施加区域包括分开的子区域71a,71b,如图7所示。子区域由此被限定为与另一个粘合剂施加区域分开至少约10mm的粘合剂施加区域。在该情况下,粘合剂施加子区域之间的不含粘合剂的区域不被认为是辅助胶施加区域的一部分,例如对于确定辅助胶区域71的表面来讲就是如此。这种构型示出于图7中,其中辅助胶施加区域71由两个子区域71a和71b组成,这些区域各自大致对应于一个通道形成区域26a,26b并且被分开约10mm的距离。
在上述说明中,辅助胶72是参考第一吸收基底16讨论的,所述第一吸收基底形成吸收芯的上侧面288,并且其在成品吸收制品20中是朝顶片24放置的。然而,这不是限制性的,因为第一基底可另选地形成吸收芯的底侧面290,所述底侧面是朝制品20的底片25放置的。也考虑到除了直接施加在第一基底上的第一辅助胶之外,第二辅助胶可直接施加在第二基底上,具体地以任一上述构型施加。当芯包裹物内的吸收材料包括如上所述的两个层61,62时,这可为尤其有用的。
微纤维胶74,74’
吸收芯28也可包括纤维热塑性粘合剂材料74,从而在芯的制备过程中和制品的使用期间进一步固定吸收材料60。纤维热塑性粘合剂材料74,74’可具体地用来将吸收材料层61,62固定到它们的相应基底16,16’。这些吸收层可如上所述包括被接合区域76,76’隔开的着陆区域75,75’,并且纤维热塑性粘合剂材料74然后可至少部分地接触着陆区域中的吸收材料61,62,并且至少部分地接触接合区域中的基底层16,16’。这赋予热塑性粘合剂材料的纤维层基本上三维的网状结构,所述结构本身与长度方向和宽度方向上的尺寸相比为相对小厚度的基本上二维的结构。从而,纤维热塑性粘合剂材料可提供腔以覆盖着陆区中的吸收材料,从而固定该吸收材料。在芯的制备过程中,纤维粘合剂可例如在吸收层已被沉积在其基底上之后喷涂在所述吸收层上。
纤维热塑性粘合剂材料通常可具有超过10,000的分子量(Mw)和通常低于室温的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)或-6℃<Tg<16℃。热熔体中聚合物的典型浓度按重量计在约20%至约40%范围内。热塑性聚合物可为水不敏感性的。示例性聚合物为包括A-B-A三嵌段结构、A-B两嵌段结构和(A-B)n径向嵌段共聚物结构的(苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物,其中A嵌段为通常包含聚苯乙烯的非弹性体聚合物嵌段,B嵌段为不饱和共轭双烯或(部分)氢化的此类变体。B嵌段典型地为异戊二烯、丁二烯、乙烯/丁烯(氢化丁二烯)、乙烯/丙烯(氢化异戊二烯)、以及它们的混合物。可采用的其它合适的热塑性聚合物为茂金属聚烯烃,它们为利用单一位点或茂金属催化剂制备的乙烯聚合物。其中至少一种共聚单体可与乙烯聚合以制备共聚物、三元共聚物或更高级的聚合物。同样适用的是无定形聚烯烃或无定形聚α-烯烃(APAO),它们为C2-C8α烯烃的均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物。
增粘树脂可示例性地具有低于5,000的Mw和通常高于室温的Tg,热熔体中树脂的典型浓度在约30至约60%的范围内,并且增塑剂具有通常小于1,000的低Mw和低于室温的Tg,其典型浓度为约0至约15%。
用于纤维层的热塑性粘合剂优选具有弹性体特性,使得由SAP层上的纤维形成的纤维网在SAP溶胀时能够被拉伸。示例性弹性体热熔性粘合剂包括热塑性弹性体诸如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、硬组分(一般来讲,结晶的聚烯烃诸如聚丙烯或聚乙烯)和软组分(诸如乙烯-丙烯橡胶)的聚烯烃共混物;共聚酯诸如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯-共聚-壬二酸乙二酯);以及热塑性弹性体嵌段共聚物,其具有热塑性端嵌段和橡胶中嵌段,被表示成A-B-A嵌段共聚物:结构上不同的均聚物或共聚物的混合物,例如,聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯与A-B-A嵌段共聚物的混合物;热塑性弹性体与低分子量树脂改性剂的混合物,例如苯乙烯-异戊二烯苯乙烯嵌段共聚物与聚苯乙烯的混合物;以及本文所述的弹性体热熔融压敏粘合剂。这些类型的弹性体热熔融粘合剂更具体地描述于U.S.4,731,066(Korpman)中。
热塑性粘合剂材料纤维可示例性地具有约1微米至约50微米或约1微米至约35微米的平均粗度和约5mm至约50mm或约5mm至约30mm的平均长度。辅助胶可改善热塑性粘合剂材料对基底的粘附性。纤维彼此附着以形成纤维层,其还可被描述为网。
对吸收制品20的一般说明
图8和9示出了呈婴儿胶粘尿布20形式的根据本发明的示例性吸收制品20。图8为处于平展状态的示例性尿布20的顶部平面图,其中所述结构的多部分被切除以更清楚地示出尿布20的构造。图9为沿图8中的线9-9截取的尿布20的横截面图。该尿布20仅出于例证的目的示出,因为本发明可用于制备多种尿布或其它吸收制品。
吸收制品20包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片25和位于顶片24和底片25之间的根据本发明的吸收芯28。吸收制品也可包括另外的典型部件,诸如采集层和/或分配层(统称为采集-分配系统“ADS”,其被命名为54)、和存在于顶片和底片之间的弹性化衬圈箍32和直立阻隔腿箍34,它们将在下文中进一步详述。这些图也示出了其它典型的胶粘尿布部件,诸如包括紧固突片42的紧固系统,所述紧固突片朝制品的后边缘12附接并朝制品的前边缘10与着陆区44配合。所述吸收制品也可包括附图中未示出的其它典型部件,诸如后弹性腰部结构、前弹性腰部结构、横向阻隔箍、洗剂应用等。
吸收制品20包括前边缘10、后边缘12、和两个纵向延伸的侧(侧向)边缘13,14。前边缘10为所述制品的在被穿着时旨在朝向使用者的前部放置的边缘,并且后边缘12为相对边缘。当从处于平展构型的面向穿着者侧观察制品时,吸收制品可假想地被纵向轴线80’划分,所述纵向轴线从制品的前边缘延伸至后边缘,并且将所述制品相对于该轴线划分成两个基本上对称的半部,如图8示例性地所示。该轴线80’通常可与芯的纵向轴线80共存。如果制品的某个部分由于弹性化部件的缘故而处于张力下,则制品通常可通过如下方式平坦化:沿制品和/或粘性表面的周边使用夹钳,使得顶片和底片能够被拉紧以便成为基本上平坦的。可沿侧接缝切开闭合的制品诸如训练裤以将它们放置在平坦表面上。除非另外指明,本文所公开的尺寸和面积适用于处于该平展构型的制品。制品具有长度L”,所述长度是沿轴线80’从后边缘测量至前边缘。当制品处于这种平坦状态时,吸收制品20也可假想地被横向轴线90’划分成具有在纵向轴线上测量的相等长度的前区和后区。该制品的横向轴线90’垂直于纵向轴线80’并且放置在所述制品的二分之一长度处。
顶片24、底片25、吸收芯28和其它制品部件可具体地通过胶合和/或热压花以多种熟知的构型装配。示例性尿布组件例如一般描述于US 3,860,003、US 5,221,274、US 5,554,145、US 5,569,234、US 5,580,411、和US 6,004,306中。吸收制品优选为薄的。制品可有利地在纵向轴线和横向轴线的交汇处较薄,例如厚度为1.0mm至8.0mm,具体地1.5mm至6.0mm,所述厚度使用下述“吸收制品厚度测试”测量。
现将更详细讨论制品的这些和其它部件。应当了解,本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所引用的值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围两者。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
顶片24
顶片24是直接与穿着者皮肤接触的吸收制品的一部分。顶片24可接合到底片25、吸收芯28和/或任何其它层,如本领域已知的那样(如本文所用,术语“接合”涵盖以下构型:其中元件通过将元件直接附连到其它元件而直接固定到另一个元件上,并且其中元件通过将元件附连到一个或多个中间构件而间接固定到另一个元件,该一个或多个中间构件继而附连到其它元件)。通常,顶片24和底片25彼此在一些位置直接接合(例如在制品周边或靠近制品周边处),并且通过在其它位置使它们直接接合吸收制品20的一个或多个其它元件,从而间接接合在一起。
顶片24优选具有顺滑柔软的感觉,并且不刺激穿着者的皮肤。另外,顶片24的至少一部分为液体可透过的,其允许液体容易地穿透其厚度。适合的顶片可由许多各种不同的材料制成,诸如多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、有孔塑料膜、或者天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维或长丝(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维或PE/PP双组分纤维或它们的混合物)或天然纤维与合成纤维组合的织造或非织造材料。如果顶片包括纤维,则所述纤维可进行纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺法或换句话讲本领域中所公知的处理,具体地纺粘PP非织造织物。包括短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的纤维网的合适的顶片由International PaperCompany的一个分部Veratec,Inc.(Walpole,MA)制造,商品名为P-8。
合适的成形膜顶片也描述于US 3,929,135、US 4,324,246、US 4,342,314、US 4,463,045、和US 5,006,394中。其它合适的顶片可根据US 4,609,518和US 4,629,643制备。这些成形膜可以“DRI-WEAVE”得自Procter&Gamble Company,Cincinnati,Ohio和以“CLIFF-T”得自总部位于Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation。
顶片的任何部分可涂覆有洗剂,如本领域已知的那样。合适的洗剂的示例包括描述于US 5,607,760、US 5,609,587、US 5,643,588、US 5,968,025和US 6,716,441中的那些。顶片24也可包括抗菌剂或用抗菌剂进行处理,一些示例公开于WO 95/24173中。此外,顶片、底片或者顶片或底片的任何部分可经压花和/或表面打毛处理以提供更类似于布料的外观。
顶片可包括一个或多个孔以便于流出物诸如尿液和/或粪便(固态的、半固态的、或液态的)从其渗透。至少主孔的尺寸对达到所期望的废物包裹性能是重要的。如果主孔太小,废物或许不能通过该孔,这是由于废物源与孔的位置没有对齐或者由于粪便直径大于孔。如果孔太大,可被(来自制品)的“再润湿物”污染的皮肤面积增加。通常,尿布表面处的孔的总面积可具有介于约10cm2和约50cm2之间,具体地介于约15cm2和35cm2之间的面积。开孔顶片的示例公开于US 6,632,504中。WO 2011/163582也公开了合适的着色顶片,其具有12至18gsm的基重并包括多个粘结点。所述粘结点中的每个均具有2mm2至5mm2的表面积;并且所述多个粘结点的累加表面积为顶片总表面积的10至25%。
典型的尿布顶片具有约10至约28gsm,具体地介于约12至约18gsm之间的基重,但是其它基重也是可能的。
底片25
底片25通常是当被使用者穿着时形成制品的大部分外表面的吸收制品20的部分。底片25朝吸收芯28的底侧面290定位,并且防止被吸收和容纳在其中的流出物脏污制品诸如床单和内衣。底片25通常是对液体(例如,尿液)不可透过的。底片可例如为或包含薄塑料膜诸如具有约0.012mm至约0.051mm厚度的热塑性膜。示例性底片膜包括由总部在Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation制造,并以商品名CPC2膜出售的那些。其它合适的底片材料可包括允许蒸汽从制品20逸出同时仍然防止流出物透过底片25的透气材料。示例性的透气材料可包括诸如以下材料:机织纤维网;非织造纤维网;复合材料如膜包衣的非织造纤维网;微孔薄膜如Mitsui Toatsu Co.,Japan以命名ESPOIR NO制造的和由TredegarCorporation,Richmond,VA制造并以命名EXAIRE.出售的那些;以及单片薄膜如由ClopayCorporation,Cincinnati,OH以命名HYTREL共混物P18-3097制造的那些。一些透气复合材料更详细地描述于WO 95/16746(E.I.DuPont)、US 5,938,648(LaVon等人)、US 4,681,793(Linman等人)、US 5,865,823(Curro)、US 5,571,096(Dobrin等人)和US 6,946,585(London Brown)中。
可采用本领域已知的任何附接装置将底片25接合到顶片24、吸收芯28或尿布20的任何其它元件上。合适的附接装置已在上文针对用于将顶片24接合到制品20的其它元件上的部件进行了说明。例如,附接装置可包括均匀连续的粘合剂层、成图案的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。合适的附接装置包括如US 4,573,986中所公开的粘合剂长丝的开放图案网络。其它合适的附接装置包括若干盘绕成螺旋图案的粘合剂长丝,如US 3,911,173、US 4,785,996;和US 4,842,666中所示的设备和方法所图示说明的。由H.B.Fuller Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)制造且以HL-1620和HL1358-XZP出售的粘合剂已被发现为令人满意的。另选地,附接装置可包括热粘结件、压力粘结件、超声粘结件、动态机械粘结件或任何其它合适的附接装置或本领域已知的这些粘结部件的组合。
采集-分配系统54
本发明的吸收制品可包括采集层、分配层、或两者的组合(本文统称为采集-分配系统“ADS”)。ADS的功能通常为快速采集所述流体并以高效方式将其分配至吸收芯。ADS可包括一个,两个或更多个层,它们可形成一体层或保持为可彼此附接的离散层。ADS可具体地包括两个层:设置在吸收芯和顶片之间的分配层和采集层,但本发明不限于该示例。通常,ADS将不包括SAP,因为这可减慢对所述流体的采集和分配。现有技术公开了许多类型的采集-分配系统,参见例如WO 2000/59430(Daley)、WO 95/10996(Richards)、US 5,700,254(McDowall)、WO 02/067809(Graef)。ADS可(但非必需地)包括两个层:分配层和采集层,现在将更详细地举例说明它们。
分配层
分配层的功能是将入侵的流体液体分布到制品内的较大表面上,使得能够更有效地使用芯的吸收容量。通常,分配层由基于合成纤维或纤维素纤维并具有相对低密度的非织造材料制成。分配层的密度可根据制品的压缩而变化,但通常可以在0.30psi(2.07kPa)下所测量的0.03至0.25g/cm3,具体地0.05至0.15g/cm3的范围内。分配层54也可为具有25至60,优选地30至45的保水值的材料,所述保水值的测量如US 5,137,537中所公开的规程所指示的那样进行。分配层可通常具有30至400g/m2,具体地100至300g/m2的平均基重。
分配层可例如包含按重量计至少50%的交联纤维素纤维。所述交联纤维素纤维可为起褶皱的、加捻的、或卷曲的、或它们的组合(包括起褶皱的、加捻的和卷曲的)。该类型的材料在过去已作为采集系统的一部分用于一次性尿布中,例如US 2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)。交联纤维素纤维在产品包装或使用条件下(例如在婴儿重量下)提供较高的弹性和因此较高的抗压缩抗性。
适用于分配层的示例性化学交联的纤维素纤维公开于US 5,549,791、US 5,137,537、WO 95/34329或US 2007/118087中。示例性交联剂包括多元羧酸诸如柠檬酸和/或聚丙烯酸诸如丙烯酸和马来酸共聚物。例如,交联纤维素纤维可具有基于纤维素葡糖酐摩尔计介于约0.5摩尔%和约10.0摩尔%之间的C2-C9多元羧酸交联剂,与所述纤维以纤维间酯交联键形式反应。所述C2-C9多元羧酸交联剂可选自由以下项构成的组:
-脂族和脂环族C2-C9多元羧酸,其具有至少三个羧基基团/分子;和
-脂族和脂环族C2-C9多元羧酸,其具有两个羧基基团/分子,并且具有位于羧基基团的一个或两个的α-β的碳-碳双键,其中在所述C2-C9多元羧酸交联剂中的一个羧基基团与第二羧基基团通过两个或三个碳原子分开。纤维可具体地具有基于纤维素葡糖酐摩尔计约1.5摩尔%至约6.0摩尔%的交联剂,它们与其以纤维间酯交联键形式反应。交联剂可选自由以下项构成的组:柠檬酸、1,2,3,4丁烷四羧酸、和1,2,3丙烷三羧酸,具体地柠檬酸。
聚丙烯酸交联剂也可选自聚丙烯酸均聚物、丙烯酸共聚物、以及它们的混合物。纤维可具有基于干纤维重量计介于1.0重量%和10.0重量%之间,优选地介于3重量%和7重量%之间的这些交联剂,它们与其以纤维间交联键形式反应。交联剂可为聚丙烯酸聚合物,其具有500至40,000,优选地1,000至20,000的分子量。聚合聚丙烯酸交联剂可为丙烯酸和马来酸的共聚物,具体地其中丙烯酸对马来酸的重量比为10:1至1:1,优选地5:1至1.5:1。有效量的柠檬酸可与所述聚合聚丙烯酸交联剂进一步混合。
包含交联纤维素纤维的分配层可包含其它纤维,但该层可有利地包含按所述层的重量计至少50%,或60%,或70%,或80%,或90%或甚至最多100%的交联纤维素纤维(包括交联剂)。此类混合的交联纤维素纤维层的示例可包括按重量计约70%的化学交联纤维素纤维、按重量计约10%的聚酯(PET)纤维、和按重量计约20%的未经处理的纸浆纤维。又如,交联纤维素纤维层可包括按重量计约70%的化学交联纤维素纤维、按重量计约20%的莱赛尔纤维、和按重量计约10%的PET纤维。又如,该层可包括按重量计约68%的化学交联纤维素纤维、按重量计约16%的未经处理的纸浆纤维、和按重量计约16%的PET纤维。又如,交联纤维素纤维层可包括按重量计约90-100%的化学交联纤维素纤维。
采集层
吸收制品20可包括采集层52,其功能是快速采集所述流体使其远离顶片以便为穿着者提供良好的干燥性。采集层通常直接放置在顶片下方。当存在时,分配层可至少部分地设置在采集层下方。采集层通常可以为或包括非织造材料,例如SMS或SMMS材料,所述非织造材料包括纺粘层、熔喷层、以及其它纺粘层或另选地梳理成网的化学粘结非织造织物。非织造材料可具体地被胶乳粘结。示例性上部采集层52公开于US 7,786,341中。可使用梳理成网的树脂粘结的非织造织物,尤其是在使用的纤维是实心圆形或圆形且空心的PET短纤维的情况下(6旦尼尔纤维和9旦尼尔纤维的50/50或40/60混合物)。示例性粘结剂为丁二烯/苯乙烯胶乳。非织造材料具有其可在转换加工生产线外部制造并以材料卷的形式储存和使用的优点。另外的可用非织造材料描述于US 6,645,569(Cramer等人)、US 6,863,933(Cramer等人)、US 7,112,621(Rohrbaugh等人)、US 2003/148684(Cramer等人)和US 2005/008839(Cramer等人)中。
采集层可由胶乳粘合剂例如苯乙烯-丁二烯胶乳粘合剂(SB胶乳)来稳定。用于获得此类晶格的方法是已知的,例如可见于EP 149880(Kwok)和US 2003/0105190(Diehl等人)。在某些实施方案中,粘结剂可以按重量计超过约12%、约14%或约16%的量存在于采集层52中。SB胶乳可以商品名GENFLOTM 3160(OMNOVA Solutions Inc.;Akron,Ohio)购得。
除了上述第一采集层之外,还可使用另一个采集层(未示出)。例如,薄纸层可置于第一采集层和分配层之间。与上述采集层相比,薄纸可具有增强的毛细管分布特性。薄纸和第一采集层可具有相同尺寸或可具有不同尺寸,例如与第一采集层相比,薄纸层还可在吸收制品的后部中延伸。亲水性薄纸的一个示例为13至15gsm高湿强度薄纸,其由得自供应商Havix的纤维素纤维制成。
紧固系统42,44
吸收制品可包括紧固系统。紧固系统能够用来提供围绕吸收制品周围的侧向张力以将吸收制品保持在穿着者身上。该紧固系统对于训练裤制品而言不是必需的,因为这些制品的腰区已经被粘结。紧固系统通常包括紧固件,诸如胶带接片、钩-环紧固部件、互锁紧固件诸如接片、&狭槽、扣环、纽扣、按扣和/或雌雄同体紧固部件,虽然任何其他已知的紧固部件一般也是可接受的。着陆区44通常设置在制品的前腰区上以用于旨在被可释放地附接的紧固件42。一些示例性表面紧固系统公开于US 3,848,594、US 4,662,875、US 4,846,815、US 4,894,060、US 4,946,527、US 5,151,092和US 5,221,274(Buell)中。示例性联锁紧固系统公开于US 6,432,098中。紧固系统也可提供用于以处理构型保持制品的装置,如US 4,963,140(Robertson等人)中所公开的。
紧固系统还可包括主紧固系统和次紧固系统,如US 4,699,622中所公开的,以减少重叠部分的位移或改善贴合性,如US 5,242,436、US 5,499,978、US 5,507,736和US 5,591,152中所公开的。
前耳片46和后耳片40
吸收制品可包括如本领域所已知的前耳片46和后耳片40。所述耳片可以为基础结构的整体部分,例如以侧片形式由顶片和/或底片形成。另选地,如图8所示,它们可为通过胶粘和/或加热压花附接的独立元件。后耳片40有利地是可拉伸的,以有助于接片42附接在着陆区44上,并将胶粘尿布保持在围绕穿着者腰部的适当位置。后耳片也可为弹性的或可延展的,从而通过初始适形地配合吸收制品而为穿着者提供更舒适和适形性贴合,并且当吸收制品负载有流出物时在整个穿着期间维持该贴合性,因为弹性化耳片允许吸收制品的侧边伸展和收缩。
阻隔腿箍34和衬圈箍32
吸收制品诸如尿布或训练裤通常还可包括改善制品围绕穿着者腿部的贴合性的部件,具体地阻隔腿箍34和衬圈箍32。阻隔腿箍32可由材料片(通常为非织造材料)形成,其部分地粘结到制品和的其余部分,并且当制品被展平时,从由顶片限定的平面部分地突起并因此直立,如例如图1和2所示。阻隔腿箍可提供在靠近穿着者的躯干和腿部的接合处的液体和其它身体流出物的改善的抑制性。阻隔腿箍34至少部分地在纵向轴线的相对两侧上在吸收制品的前边缘和后边缘之间延伸,并且至少相邻于裆点(C)存在。
阻隔腿箍34可由接合到制品的其余部分(通常为顶片和/或底片)的近侧边缘和游离端边66界定,其旨在接触穿着者的皮肤并形成密封件。阻隔腿箍34可在近侧边缘处通过粘结部65与制品的基础结构接合,所述粘结部可例如通过粘合剂粘结、熔合粘结或已知粘结方法的组合制成。近侧边缘64处的粘结部65可以为连续或间断的。
阻隔腿箍34可与顶片或底片整合(即由顶片或底片形成),或者更典型地由接合到制品的其余部分的独立材料形成。通常,阻隔腿箍的材料可延伸通过尿布的整个长度,但朝向制品的前边缘和后边缘“粘性粘结”到顶片,使得在这些段中,阻隔腿箍材料保持与顶片齐平。每个阻隔腿箍34可包括靠近该游离端边66的一个、两个或更多个弹性带35,以提供更好的密封件。
除了阻隔腿箍34之外,制品还可包括衬圈箍32,所述衬圈箍在与吸收制品的基础结构相同的平面中形成,具体地可至少部分地包封在顶片和底片之间,并且可相对于阻隔腿箍34横向向外放置。衬圈箍32能够提供围绕穿着者大腿的更好的密封件。通常每个衬圈腿箍将包括一个或多个弹性带或弹性元件33,所述弹性带或弹性元件包括在尿布的基础结构中,例如在腿部开口区域中的顶片和底片之间。
US 3,860,003描述了一种提供可收缩腿部开口的一次性尿布,所述腿部开口具有侧翼和一个或多个弹性构件以提供弹性化腿箍(衬圈箍)。US 4,808,178(Aziz)和US 4,909,803(Aziz)描述了具有“直立”弹性侧翼(阻隔腿箍)的一次性尿布,它们改善了对腿区的约束。US 4,695,278(Lawson)和US 4,795,454(Dragoo)描述了具有双箍的一次性尿布,所述双箍包括衬圈箍和阻隔腿箍。阻隔腿箍和/或衬圈箍中的全部或一部分可用洗剂处理。
弹性腰部结构
吸收制品还可包括至少一个弹性腰部结构(未示出),其有助于提供改善的贴合性和约束。弹性腰部结构通常旨在弹性地伸展和收缩以动态地适合穿着者的腰部。弹性腰部结构优选地从吸收芯28的至少一个腰部边缘至少纵向向外延伸,并且一般形成吸收制品的后侧面的至少一部分。可构造一次性尿布使得具有两个弹性腰部结构,一个定位于前腰区中而另一个定位于后腰区中。弹性腰部结构可被构造成许多不同的构型,包括描述于US 4,515,595、US 4,710,189、US 5,151,092和US 5,221,274中的那些。
各层和各部件之间的关系
通常,相邻层将通过如下方式接合在一起:使用常规粘结方法,诸如经由槽式涂布或喷涂在所述层的整个表面或表面的一部分上的粘合剂涂层、或热粘结、或压力粘结或它们的组合。为清楚和易读起见,图中未示出各部件之间的大部分结部。除非具体地排除,制品各层之间的粘结应当被认为是存在的。粘合剂通常可用于改善不同层之间,例如底片和芯包裹物之间的粘附。所用的粘合剂可为如本领域已知的任何标准热熔胶。
制备方法
本发明的吸收制品可由本领域已知的任何常规方法制成。具体地,所述制品可手工制成,或者在工业上以高速在现代转换加工生产线上制备。本发明的吸收芯可具体地在工业上通过使用如下方式组合两个吸收结构70和70’来制备,所述方法一般公开于WO2008/155699中,其中还公开了一些应用。这种方法示意性地公开于图11中。
用于制备具有对应于图5所示结构的层的吸收结构的第一印刷单元134示出于图11的左侧。第一印刷单元134包括用于向基底16施加辅助胶72的辅助胶施加器148、用于接收第一基底16的第一可旋转支撑辊152、用于保持和分配吸收颗粒聚合物材料的第一料斗154、用于将包括材料着陆区域和接合区域的吸收颗粒聚合物层61从料斗154沉积到基底16上的沉积区域73的第一印刷辊156、和用于施加纤维热塑性粘合剂材料74的第一热塑性粘合剂材料施加器158。辅助胶施加器148可为喷嘴系统,其能够提供相对薄但宽的热塑性粘合剂材料帘,如WO2008/155699所建议,但也可另选地且有利地包括用于纵向地沿基底的期望的宽度同时施加辅助胶72的若干狭槽72s的槽式涂布机,所述宽度可对应于吸收材料沉积区域73的宽度或可较短或如果希望的话可较大。辅助胶施加器可配有歧管,所述歧管间歇地停止辅助胶的递送,使得在那里辅助层仅施加在所期望的辅助胶施加区域71中。SAP印刷辊156和纤维层粘合剂施加器158可如WO2008/155699所进一步详述。
通过印刷单元134获得的吸收结构70可直接放置成与第二基底16’成面对面关系,或者可与第二吸收结构70’组合,从而形成包括两个吸收层61,62的吸收芯,如图3所示。该第二吸收结构70’随后可形成于如图11的右侧所示的第二印刷单元132上,其可与第一印刷单元134大致相同。第二印刷单元132可包括用于任选地向基底16’施加第二辅助胶72’的第二辅助胶施加器136(其可为槽式涂布机)、用于接收基底16’的第二可旋转支撑辊140、用于保持吸收颗粒聚合物材料的第二料斗142、用于将吸收颗粒聚合物材料传送至基底16’的第二印刷辊144、和用于将热塑性纤维粘合剂材料74’施加到基底16’和其上的吸收颗粒聚合物层62的热塑性粘合剂材料施加器146。
可通过在所述两个支撑辊140,152之间的辊隙162中施加压力使这些吸收结构组合起来。侧向密封件在密封件形成导向辊160中通过连续地折叠基底之一的侧向延伸的翼片而被形成为C形包裹物。吸收芯28然后可通过如下方式被个体化:形成前密封件和后密封件,并且以所需的间隔切割芯材料纤维网。然后吸收芯的连续流可整合到转换加工过程中以用于制备吸收制品。
测试工序
除非另外指定,本文所示的值根据下文所示方法测量。在21℃±2℃以及50%±20%RH下实施全部测量,除非另外指定。全部样本应在进行测试之前至少24小时保持在这些状态来平衡,除非另外指出。应在至少4个样本上重复全部测量,并且获得标示的平均值,除非另外指出。
离心保留容量(CRC):
CRC测量超吸收聚合物颗粒在过量液体中自由溶胀所吸收的液体。CRC根据EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05来测量。
干吸收芯厚度测试
该测试可用于以标准化方式测量吸收芯(在使用前,即不具有流体加载)的厚度。
设备:分辨率为0.01mm的Mitutoyo手动测径规--或等同的仪器。
接触脚:直径为17.0mm(±0.2mm)的圆形平脚可将一圆形砝码施加到所述脚上(例如,具有狭槽的砝码以有利于围绕仪器轴施加)以获得目标重量。选择脚和添加的砝码(包括轴)的总重量以向样品提供2.07kPa(0.30psi)的压力。
安装测径规,其中接触脚的下表面在水平面中,使得接触角的下表面接触约20×25cm的基板的平坦水平上表面的中心。在接触角搁置在基板上的情况下,标距设置成读数为零。
标尺:以mm为刻度的校准金属标尺。
秒表:精确度1秒
样本制备:所述芯如上所示调理至少24小时。
测量程序:将所述芯与底侧面平铺,即所述侧面旨在朝向面向下的成品的底片放置。在芯的顶侧面上小心地画出测量点(例如裆点C),注意不要使芯压缩或变形。
使测径规的接触脚升高,并将芯平放在测径规的基板上,其中芯的顶侧面向上,使得下降时,脚的中心在标记的测量点上。
将脚轻轻降低到制品上并释放(确保在开始测量之前刻度为“0”)。在释放所述脚10秒之后读取厚度值,精确到0.01mm。
对于每个测量点重复该程序。如果在测量点处存在折叠,则测量在最接近该点但不具有任何折叠的区域中进行。对于给定的产品,以第方式测量十个制品,并且计算并记录平均厚度,其中精度为十分之一毫米。
吸收制品厚度测试
可如干吸收芯厚度测量来进行吸收制品厚度测试,不同之处在于测量成品吸收制品的厚度,而不是芯的厚度。测量点可为吸收制品的纵向轴线80’和横向轴线90’的交叉点。如果吸收制品以折叠的和/或呈包装形式提供,则将待测量的制品展开和/或从包装的中心区中取出。如果该包装包含多于4个的制品,则在该测试中不使用该包装的每个侧面上的最外两个制品。如果该包装包含多于4个但少于14个制品,则需要多于一个包装的制品来完成该测试。如果该包装包含14个或更多的制品,则仅需要一个包装的制品来进行测试。如果该包装包含4个或更少的制品,则测量包装中的所有制品,并且需要多个包装来进行测量。厚度读取应该在制品从包装中取出、展开和调理24±1小时之后进行。应当尽可能少地对产品进行物理操纵,并且物理操纵仅限于必要的样本制备。
切除或移除制品的任何弹性部件,所述弹性部件阻止制品在测厚仪脚下被展平。这些可包括腿箍或腰带。根据需要,将裤型制品沿侧缝打开或切开。施用足够的张力以展平任何折叠/褶皱。注意避免接触和/或压缩测量的区域。
实施例
可如下制备根据本发明的第一方面且大致对应于图6所示的示意图的示例性吸收芯。第一基底16为10gsm的SMS非织造基底,其已用表面活性剂处理成亲水的并且为390mm长和165mm宽。第二基底为固有地疏水的390mm长和130mm宽的10gsm的SMS非织造基底。
通过槽式涂布以如下图案将辅助胶72(例如Fuller热熔融粘合剂1286或1358)施加在第一基底上,所述图案具有41个1mm宽的狭槽,在狭槽之间带有1mm的距离。该施加区域因此具有约81mm的恒定宽度。该施加区域对中在第一基底的纵向中心线上。狭槽起始于与基底的前边缘相距57mm的距离处,并且延伸至与基底的后边缘相距237mm的距离处。辅助粘合剂的施加区域71因此为矩形的并且具有约19200平方毫米,或192平方厘米的表面。胶可按约8gsm(克/平方米)的基重施加在狭槽中。第一基底上的辅助胶总量为约80mg。
然后将呈颗粒形式的超吸收聚合物60以矩形着陆区域75的规则图案施加在第一基底上,所述矩形着陆区域如图5示意性地所示沿基底的横向取向,每个区域均为约10mm宽和110mm长。第一着陆区域起始于与基底的前边缘相距15mm的距离处。隔开每个着陆区域的接合区域76为约1mm-2mm宽。最后一个着陆区域被放置在与基底的后边缘相距15mm的距离处,因此为基底提供约三十个SAP着陆区域。每个着陆区域中的SAP量有差别,以便提供吸收材料的成型的重新分配。吸收材料以较高基重沉积在芯的裆区中,并且以较低基重朝芯的后区沉积,并且以中间值朝芯的前部沉积。也提供两个纵向延伸的不含吸收材料的区域,它们带有如图5所示的朝中心线成凹形的轮廓。不含吸收材料的区域因此被完全涵盖在辅助胶施加区域内。投影到纵向轴线上的这些不含材料的区域26a,b的长度L’为约230mm。
纤维热塑性层74(例如NW1151ZP热熔融粘合剂ex Fuller)可大致均匀地以5gsm的基重喷涂以覆盖沉积在在第一基底上的吸收材料着陆区域和它们之间的接合区域,停止于例如与基底的每个侧向侧相距的5mm处(如图5所示)。
将如上所述的该第一吸收结构70与第二吸收结构组合,所述第二吸收结构包括第二基底16’和另一个吸收材料层62,所述另一个吸收材料层具有大致相同的重新分配的着陆区域75’和接合区域76’、不含吸收材料的区域26a,b和纤维粘合剂74’。第二基底可或可不包括第二辅助粘合剂层。将所述两个基底组合起来,使得着陆区域沿纵向具有例如约5mm的轻微的偏移,使得一个结构的着陆区域覆盖另一个结构的接合区域。将这两个吸收结构上的不含材料的区域26a,b配准,使得所组合的吸收芯包括类似于图6所示的那些的两个通道形成区域26a,b。所述两个基底通过这些区域26a,b由辅助胶72和(在较小程度上)纤维粘合剂附接。这允许在芯包裹物内形成组合的基本上连续的吸收材料区域。所组合的吸收材料沉积区域73因此为矩形的,带有110mm的宽度和约360mm的长度,并且为基本上连续的。该示例中的吸收材料沉积区域的表面因此为39,600平方mm,或396平方cm。辅助胶施加区域71因此比吸收材料沉积区域73小约51.5%(=(396-192)/396)。芯中的SAP总量可为约13.5g,等量地y沉积在第一基底和第二基底上。
第一基底比第二基底宽(165mm),从第一基底侧向延伸的翼片可围绕芯的侧边缘284,286折叠到第二基底的外表面上以沿芯的侧向边缘的长度形成C形包裹物。上部基底16因此沿芯的侧向侧边缘围绕下部基底16’被C形包裹。下部基底16’的侧向边缘可轻微地向上形成在芯的吸收材料的边缘上,如图2所示,使得所折叠的芯包裹物的总体宽度为约120mm。每个C形包裹密封件均可例如包括被施加为2个狭槽(每个为20gsm)的胶,每个狭槽具有3mm的狭槽宽度和390mm的狭槽长度。基底的前端和后端可按面对面关系胶合以形成两个纵向夹心密封件280’,282’,例如通过横跨芯的宽度使用一系列纵向胶狭槽来胶合,如图1所示。
吸收芯可整合在吸收制品诸如尿布基础结构中,如图8所示。当吸收芯吸收流体时,吸收材料60开始溶胀,并且吸收材料沉积区域内的粘结的区域26开始形成通道26’,如图10所示。在较高量的液体饱和度下,这些芯包裹物粘结部27可开始打开以提供更多的空间供吸收材料溶胀。沿芯的每个纵向边缘的C形包裹密封件可在吸收材料的溶胀过程中保持永久,直到芯完全饱和。该吸收芯具有良好的润湿和干燥SAP固定特性以及减少的胶用量。
应当了解,本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
Claims (23)
1.一种沿横向x和纵向y延伸的平面的吸收芯(28),所述“平面的吸收芯”是指吸收芯能够被展平在表面上;所述吸收芯具有前边缘(280)、后边缘(282)和两个纵向延伸的侧边缘(284,286),所述吸收芯包括:包括第一基底(16)和第二基底(16')的芯包裹物,其中每个基底均包括内表面和外表面;
吸收材料(60),所述吸收材料包含按重量计至少80%且最多100%的超吸收聚合物,并且具有在所述第一基底和所述第二基底之间限定吸收材料沉积区域(73)的周边,所述吸收材料沉积区域涵盖一个或多个吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b);
辅助胶(72),所述辅助胶直接施加到所述第一基底的内表面并且限定辅助胶施加区域(71),
其中所述辅助胶通过所述一个或多个吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b)至少部分地将所述第一基底的内表面粘结到所述第二基底的内表面,使得当所述吸收材料溶胀时所述芯包裹物在所述吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b)中形成通道(26'),
其特征在于,所述辅助胶施加区域(71)小于所述吸收材料沉积区域(73),并且所述第一基底和/或所述第二基底包括至少一个向外延伸的翼片,所述翼片围绕所述吸收芯的前边缘、后边缘或任一侧边缘至少之一折叠,并且所述至少一个翼片粘结到另一个基底的外表面以沿所述吸收芯的所述至少一个边缘形成C形包裹密封件(284',286')。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收芯,所述吸收芯包括两个侧向延伸的翼片,每个翼片均围绕所述吸收芯的纵向延伸的侧边缘(284,286)之一折叠以沿所述吸收芯的每个侧边缘形成C形包裹密封件(284',286')。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述辅助胶施加区域(71)比所述吸收材料沉积区域(73)小至少20%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述辅助胶施加区域(71)比所述吸收材料沉积区域(73)小20%至80%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述辅助胶施加区域(71)沿所述纵向y或沿所述横向x或沿这两个方向短于所述吸收材料沉积区域(73)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯(20),其中所述吸收材料沉积区域(73)包括至少两个吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b),所述吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b)沿所述纵向延伸并且具有如下长度L',所述长度为所述吸收芯的长度L的10%至80%,所述长度均为投影到纵向轴线上的长度。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中沿所述纵向延伸的所述一个或多个吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b)具有2cm至14cm的长度L',所述长度为投影到纵向轴线上的长度。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述辅助胶施加区域(71)包括沿所述吸收芯的纵向y取向的一系列胶狭槽(72s)和所述狭槽之间的空间,并且其中所述狭槽之间的距离等于或小于4mm。
9.根据权利要求8所述的吸收芯,其中所述狭槽之间的距离为0.5mm至4mm。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料形成连续的吸收材料层,所述“连续的”是指沉积区域的至少50%且最多100%包括连续的吸收材料层,如从芯的顶侧面所见。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料为至少沿所述纵向成型的,使得所述吸收材料的平均基重沿纵向轴线有变化。
12.根据权利要求11所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料以比所述吸收材料沉积区域的后部处的情况高的基重施加在所述吸收材料沉积区域的前部和/或中心处。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述辅助胶施加区域(71)包括涵盖所述一个或多个吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b)的单个区域。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述辅助胶施加区域包括两个或更多个子区域(71a,71b),每个子区域均涵盖所述吸收材料的基重为吸收芯的吸收材料沉积区域(73)的其余部分中吸收材料的平均基重的至少小于25%的区域(26a,26b)中的一者或多者。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料(60)包括以具有第一吸收材料着陆区域(75)和第一不含吸收材料的接合区域(76)的图案沉积在所述第一基底(16)上的第一吸收材料层(61)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的吸收芯,其中至少一个第一纤维胶层(74)覆盖所述第一吸收材料着陆区域(75)和第一不含吸收材料的接合区域(76)以进一步固定所述吸收材料。
17.根据权利要求15所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料(60)还包括以具有第二吸收材料着陆区域(75')和第二不含吸收材料的接合区域(76')的图案施加在所述第二基底(16')上的第二吸收材料层(62),其中所述第一吸收材料层和所述第二吸收材料层(61,62)组合起来以提供连续的吸收材料层,所述“连续的”是指沉积区域的至少50%且最多100%包括连续的吸收材料层,如从芯的顶侧面所见。
18.根据权利要求17所述的吸收芯,其中第二纤维胶层(74')覆盖所述第二吸收材料着陆区域(75')和第二不含吸收材料的接合区域(76')。
19.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸收芯,所述吸收芯还包括第二辅助胶,所述第二辅助胶直接施加到所述第二基底(16')的内表面并限定第二辅助胶施加区域。
20.根据权利要求1所述的吸收芯,其中所述超吸收聚合物呈颗粒形式。
21.一种吸收制品(20),所述吸收制品包括顶片(24)、底片(25)和根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸收芯(28)。
22.根据权利要求21所述的吸收制品(20),其中所述吸收制品包括采集层和/或分配层(54)。
23.根据权利要求21或22所述的吸收制品(20),其中所述第一基底(16)被放置成更靠近所述顶片,并且所述第二基底(16')被放置成更靠近所述底片,并且所述第一基底包括两个侧向向外延伸的翼片,所述翼片围绕所述吸收芯的侧边缘折叠并沿这些侧边缘中的每个与所述第二基底形成C形包裹密封件。
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EP13198435.3A EP2886092B1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2013-12-19 | Absorbent cores having channel-forming areas and c-wrap seals |
PCT/US2014/070251 WO2015095004A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2014-12-15 | Absorbent cores having channel-forming areas and c-wrap seals |
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- 2014-12-15 JP JP2016557549A patent/JP6189552B2/ja active Active
- 2014-12-15 RU RU2016121699A patent/RU2638754C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-12-15 WO PCT/US2014/070251 patent/WO2015095004A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-12-15 CN CN201480068412.7A patent/CN105828765B/zh active Active
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- 2014-12-15 BR BR112016014178A patent/BR112016014178A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-12-15 CA CA2933844A patent/CA2933844C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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MX2016008126A (es) | 2016-09-16 |
MX350988B (es) | 2017-09-27 |
US20150173977A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
RU2638754C1 (ru) | 2017-12-15 |
EP2886092A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
JP2017502797A (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
ES2606320T3 (es) | 2017-03-23 |
US10137039B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
EP2886092B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
CL2016001567A1 (es) | 2017-01-20 |
BR112016014178A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
CA2933844C (en) | 2017-09-26 |
CA2933844A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
WO2015095004A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
CN105828765A (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
PL2886092T3 (pl) | 2017-03-31 |
JP6189552B2 (ja) | 2017-08-30 |
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