JP2015164190A - 室温金属直接ボンディング - Google Patents
室温金属直接ボンディング Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015164190A JP2015164190A JP2015040707A JP2015040707A JP2015164190A JP 2015164190 A JP2015164190 A JP 2015164190A JP 2015040707 A JP2015040707 A JP 2015040707A JP 2015040707 A JP2015040707 A JP 2015040707A JP 2015164190 A JP2015164190 A JP 2015164190A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/34—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies not provided for in groups H01L21/0405, H01L21/0445, H01L21/06, H01L21/16 and H01L21/18 with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/44—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/38 - H01L21/428
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/7624—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology
- H01L21/76251—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using semiconductor on insulator [SOI] technology using bonding techniques
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4803—Insulating or insulated parts, e.g. mountings, containers, diamond heatsinks
- H01L21/481—Insulating layers on insulating parts, with or without metallisation
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/02—Bonding areas ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L24/73—Means for bonding being of different types provided for in two or more of groups H01L24/10, H01L24/18, H01L24/26, H01L24/34, H01L24/42, H01L24/50, H01L24/63, H01L24/71
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- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/81—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L24/89—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using at least one connector not provided for in any of the groups H01L24/81 - H01L24/86
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Abstract
【解決手段】デバイスまたは回路に接続された第1の組の金属ボンディングパッド12および第1の基板10上の金属ボンディングパッドに隣接する第1の非金属領域11を有する第1の基板、デバイスまたは回路に接続された第1の組の金属ボンディングパッドに隣接する第2の組の金属ボンディングパッド、および第2の基板13上の金属ボンディングパッド15に隣接する第2の非金属領域14を有する第2の基板、および第2の非金属領域に対して第1の非金属領域を接触ボンディングさせることにより形成される第1と第2の組の金属ボンディングパッドの間の接触ボンディングされた界面を含むボンディングされたデバイス構造。第1と第2の基板の少なくとも一方は弾性的に変形され得る。
【選択図】図1A
Description
発明の分野
本発明は、好ましくは室温での、直接ウエーハー貼り合わせの分野に係り、より具体的には、半導体デバイスおよび集積回路の製造に利用される基板の張り合わせに関する。
従来のCMOSデバイスの物理的限界が到来し、高性能電子システムについての要求が緊急となっているため、システムオンチップ(SOC)が半導体産業の自然な解決策となっている。システム・オン・チップの製造のためには、さまざまの機能がチップ上で要求される。シリコン技術が多数のデバイスを加工するための主力技術であるけれども、所望の回路および光電子機能の多くは、現在、シリコン以外の材料で製造される個々のデバイスおよび/または回路から最もよく得ることができる。したがって、非シリコン系デバイスをシリコン系デバイスと一体化するハイブリッドシステムは、純粋なシリコンまたは純粋な非シリコンデバイスのみからは得られない独特のSOC機能を提供する潜在能力を与える。
しかしながら、高温での異なる熱膨張係数を有する異種材料のウエーハーの貼り合わせは、転位発生、デボンディング、またはクラック形成をもたらす熱応力を導入する。したがって、低温貼り合わせが望ましい。もし異なる材料が低い分解温度を有する材料または例えばInPヘテロ接合バイポーラートランジスターのような温度感受性デバイスまたはウルトラシャローソースおよびドレンプロファイルを有する加工されたSiデバイスを含むならば、低温貼り合わせはまた異種材料の貼り合わせのために重要である。
例えば、Y.ハヤシ、S.ワダ、K.カジヤナ、K.オヤマ、R.コー、S.タカハシおよびT.クニオ、Symp.VLSI Tech.Dig.95(1990)および米国特許第5,563,084号を参照されたい。両方の参照文献の内容全体は参照により本明細書に組み込まれている。しかしながら、ウエーハー接着剤貼り合わせは、通常、高温で行われ、熱応力、ガス噴出、気泡形成および接着剤の不安定性があり、プロセス中での歩留まり減少および時間経過についての劣った信頼性をもたらす。さらに、接着剤結合は通常気密的ではない。
したがって、本発明の目的は、単一のボンディング工程によりウエーハーとダイの間の機械的および電気的接触を獲得することである。
ここで、いくつかの図面を通して同様の参照番号が同様のまたは対応する部分を示す図面、より具体的には、本発明のボンディングプロセスの第1の態様を例示する図1A〜1Dおよび2を参照する。本発明の第1の態様において、金属領域の周囲の非金属領域が室温化学結合を受けるときに発生する固有の力により、整合の際の別々のウエーハー上の金属接触領域が接触圧力結合するとき直接金属−金属ボンディングが発生する。この明細書を通じて用いられる化学結合は、1枚のウエーハーの表面上の表面結合が共有結合のような表面要素間の直接結合を形成するように対向するウエーハーの表面上の表面結合と反応するとき生み出される結合強度として定義される。化学結合は、例えば、ウエーハー材料の破壊強度に近い強い結合強度により明らかであり、したがって、例えば、単なるファンデルワールス結合からは区別される。本発明の方法により達成される化学結合強度の例は以下に検討される。化学結合プロセスにおいては、実質的な力が展開されている。それらの力は化学結合が対向する非金属領域の間で増加するとき金属領域を弾性的に変形するのに十分に大きいものであり得る。
好ましくは、ボンディング層は、堆積された酸化シリコンである。
したがって、VSEプロセスは、有意に表面活性を高め得る。所望されるボンディング種は、VSEの適切な設計によりVSEの間表面上で終端させられるように用いられ得る。
代わりに、ポストVSEプロセスの間活性化させ、所望の終端種により表面を終端させるポストVSE処理が用いられ得る。
2Si−OH+2NH4 OH 2Si−NH2 +4HOH (1)
代わりに、多くのSi−F基は、NH4 FまたはHF浸漬後にPECVD SiO2 表面上で終端する。
Si−NH2 +Si−OH Si−O−Si+NH3 (2)
Si−NH2 +Si−NH2 Si−N−N−Si+2H2 (3)
代わりに、HFまたはNH4 F浸漬された酸化物表面がSiOH基に加えてSi−F基により終端させられる。HFまたはNH4 F溶液は、酸化シリコンを強力にエッチングするので、その濃度は、適切に低いレベルに制御されねばならず、浸漬時間は十分に短くなければならない。これは、ポストVSEプロセスが第2のVSEプロセスであることの例である。ボンディング界面間の共有結合は、水素結合されたSi−HFまたはSi−OH基のあいだの重合反応により形成される:
Si−HF+Si−HF Si−F−F−Si+H2 (4)
Si−F+Si−OH Si−O−Si+HF (5)
図9は、室温ボンディングの前に0.05%HF中に浸漬された、貼り合わされた熱酸化物被覆シリコンウエーハーのフッ素濃度プロファイルを示す。フッ素濃度ピークは、ボンディング界面で明らかに観察される。このことは、上記化学プロセスの存在証明を提供し、その場合、所望の種は、ボンディング界面に位置する。
SiO2 またはSi表面のような単結晶半導体または絶縁表面は、また、所望の表面粗さ、平坦性および清浄度を備えることができる。高真空または超高真空中に表面を維持することは、本発明による強力なボンディングを達成するために汚染および原子的再構成が十分に存在しない表面を得ることを単純化する。InP、GaAs、SiC、サファイアなどのような他の半導体または絶縁体材料もまた用いられ得る。また、PECVD SiO2 は、低温で多くのタイプの材料上に堆積され得るので、材料の多くの異なる組み合わせが室温で本発明によりボンディングされ得る。適切なプロセスおよび化学反応がVSE、表面活性化および終端のために有用である限り、他の材料もまた堆積され得る。
Eおよびtwは、ウエーハー1および2についてのヤング率および厚さであり、tbは、ウエーハーのエッジから長さLのウエーハー分離をもたらす2枚のウエーハーの間に挿入されたウエッジの厚さである。
他の条件を変えずに維持しO2 プラズマ処理をRIEモードよりもむしろプラズマモードで行うと、酸化物表面のエッチングは無視し得るものであり、酸化物の厚さは変化しない。最終的な室温結合エネルギーは、RIE処理されたウエーハーの1000mJ/m2 と比較してわずか385mJ/m2 である(図8を参照されたい)。
この拡散は、表面自由エネルギーを減少させるように熱力学的に駆動され、典型的に、高い相互拡散および/または自己拡散係数を有する金属について増強される。それらの高い拡散係数は、拡散中に金属イオンの動きにより乱されない移動性自由電子ガスにより典型的にはほとんど決定される凝集エネルギーの結果である。従って、非金属領域のウエーハー対ウエーハー化学結合は、2つの異なるウエーハー上の金属パッド間の電気的接続に影響を与える。この影響を支配する幾何学的で機械的な拘束要件を以下に記載する。
これは、図2A〜2Cに示されており、そこでは、金属パッド21を有するウエーハー20は、パッド23を有するウエーハー22に貼り合わされる準備ができている。間隙24は隣接するパッド間に存在する。金属パッドは接触され(図2B)、ウエーハーはボンド25を形成するように間隙24においてボンディングされるように弾性的に変形する(図2C)。図2A〜2Cでの寸法は、正確な倍率ではないことに注意されたい。
図2Dは非ボンド領域の間隙の高さ2hと幅wとの関係を示すグラフである。ウエーハーの変形がヤング率Eにより与えられる弾性係数に従い、ウエーハーが、それぞれ、薄いプレートの小さなたわみの単純な理論に従ってtw の厚さを有するとき、結合していない領域の幅Wは、W>2tw については、以下の式により概算され得することができ、そこでは対としての金属ボンディングパッドはウエーハー表面上に2hの高さを有する:
W=[(2E’tw 3 )/(3γ)]1/4 h1/2 (1)
式中、E’はE/(1−ν2 )により与えられ、νはポアソン比である。
P=(16E’tw 3 h)/(3W4 ) (3)
として表現され得る。
P=8γ/3h (4)
そして、W<2tw であるとき、以下の式が得られる:
P=(16E’tw 3 )/(3k4 h3 ) (5)
金属パッドが500Åの高さhを有し、結合エネルギーが300mJ/m2 である貼り合わされたシリコンウエーハーについては、金属ボンディングパッド上の圧縮圧力は、約1.6×108 ダイン/cm2 、すなわち160気圧である。この圧力は金属ボンディングのためには十分に高いので、ボンディングの間にいずれの外的圧力を適用する必要も存在しない。金属高さhが300Å以下であるとき、W<2tw が満足され、金属対上の圧力は、もしk=1が仮定されるならば、5000気圧台となる。
この場合には、金属パッドの周りの非ボンドリングの幅は、ゼロに近接し得る。上記メタルパッドは、限定されないが、スパッタリング、エバポレーション、レーザーアブレーション、化学蒸着および<100Å範囲の厚さ制御が典型的である当業者に既知の他の技術のようなプロセスにより形成され得る。
本発明によれば、直接ボンディングは、隣接するダイ上のデバイスまたは回路の間およびウエーハー表面の間の金属配線を形成する接続された材料の間で起こる。ボンドは、接触すると形成し始め、結合強度は、室温で増大し、金属結合を形成する。
金属薄膜の厚さがある値を下回るとき、非ボンドリング領域の幅は有意に減少し、それゆえ、メタルポスト間の離間は、用いられる金属ボンディングパッド間の小さな離間(例えば、<10μm)を許容する。
および
圧力=(応力)*4*(金属厚さ)*(表面上の金属高さ)/(領域の幅の半分)2 式中、圧力は、ボンディングプロセスにより発生しているものである。それらの関係式についての参照記事は、「ハンドブック・オブ・シン・フィルム・テクノロジー」、メイゼル・アンド・グラング、1983年再発行、12〜24ページにおいて見出され得る。
従って、最大の結合面積は、結合エネルギーを最大化することを実現した。この高結合エネルギー化学結合が形成された後、低温リフローアニールは凹部の中の金属をリフローさせ、ともに対向するウエーハーからの金属の濡れをもたらし、高い信頼性を有する配線された金属構造をもたらす。部分67は、パッド64および65を接続させるためのリフローにより形成される。このリフローは、例えば、あたかもウエーハーがアニーリングの間回転するかのように凹部についての毛管作用と高いアスペクト比と重力の組み合わせにより補助される。
Claims (59)
- 第1の複数の金属パッドおよび該金属パッドに近接する第1の非金属ボンディング領域を有する第1の基板を準備すること、
第2の複数の金属パッドおよび該金属パッドに近接する第2の非金属ボンディング領域を有する第2の基板を準備すること、
前記第1の複数の金属パッドのうちの少なくとも1つのパッドと前記第2の複数の金属パッドのうちの少なくとも1つのパッドを接触させること、
前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域を前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域と直接接触させること、および
前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域を前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域にボンディングすること
を包含するウエーハーの貼り合わせ方法。 - 前記第1の基板上の前記非金属ボンディング領域の表面上に延出する上方表面を有するように前記第1の複数の金属パッドの少なくとも1つのパッドを形成すること、および
前記第2の基板上の前記非金属ボンディング領域の表面上に延出する上方表面を有するように前記第2の複数の金属パッドの少なくとも1つのパッドを形成することを包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記接触工程が、前記第1の組の金属パッドを前記第2の組の金属パッドにボンディングすることを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1と第2の基板の少なくとも一方を弾性的に変形させることを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の基板上に前記非金属ボンディング領域を形成した後、前記第1の基板と第2の基板上に金属パッドを堆積させることを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記堆積工程が、Pt、Au、Pdおよびそれらの合金のうちの少なくとも1つを堆積させることを包含する請求項5記載の方法。
- 金属ボンディングパッド間の離間距離より実質的に小さい厚さを有する前記第1と第2の複数の金属ボンディングパッドを形成することを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1と第2の非金属領域のそれぞれの表面上に1000Å未満の厚さまで前記第1と第2の複数の金属ボンディングパッドを形成することを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の複数の金属パッドを被覆するように前記第1の基板上に第1のボンディング層を形成すること、
前記第1の複数のパッドうちの選択されたパッドの上の前記第1のボンディング層内に開口を形成すること、
前記第2の基板上に第2のボンディング層を形成すること、
前記ボンディング層上に、前記第1のボンディング層内の開口に対応する前記第2の複数のパッドを形成すること、および
前記第1と第2のボンディング層を直接接触させること
を包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドの前記少なくとも1つの上に形成されたる酸化物層を除去することを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1と第2の基板を酸素プラズマに暴露すること、および
前記金属パッドから酸化物層を除去すること
を包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1の基板を準備することが、それぞれすくなくとも1つの第3の金属ボンディングパッドを有する複数の第3の基板を形成することを包含し、
前記少なくとも1つのパッドを接触させることが、前記第3の基板のそれぞれの第3の金属パッドを前記第2の複数の金属パッドの1つと接触させることを包含し、
直接接触させることが前記第3の基板のそれぞれの第3の非金属領域を前記第2の基板の前記非金属領域と接触させることを包含し、
前記ボンディングが、前記第3の非金属領域を前記第2の非金属領域にボンディングすることを包含する、請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1の基板を準備することおよび前記第2の基板を調製することのそれぞれが、
二酸化シリコン層を形成すること、
前記二酸化シリコン層をパターニングすること、
前記二酸化シリコン層内にビアホールを形成すること、および
前記ビアホール内に金属構造を形成すること
を包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1の基板上に第1の酸化物層を形成すること、
前記第1の酸化物層の表面上に延出する前記第1の複数の金属パッドを形成すること、
前記第2の基板上に第2の酸化物層を形成すること、および
前記第2の酸化物層の表面の下に凹設された前記第2の複数の金属パッドを形成すること、
前記第1と第2の金属構造をボンディングすること
包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 少なくとも1つの第1の金属パッドおよび前記第1の金属パッドに近接する第1の非金属ボンディング領域をそれぞれ有し、前記第2の基板の平面サイズより小さい平面サイズをそれぞれ有する複数の第1の基板を準備すること、
前記第1の複数の金属パッドのそれぞれのうちの少なくとも1つの第1の金属パッドを前記第2の複数の金属パッドの少なくとも1つと接触させること、
前記複数の第1の基板のそれぞれの前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域を前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域の少なくとも一部に直接接触させること、および
前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれを前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域にボンディングすること
を包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1と第2の基板の少なくとも1つを弾性的に変形させて前記第1と第2の基板の間に少なくとも1つの接触点を生じさせること、
前記接触点でのボンドを開始させること、および
前記第1と第2の非金属領域の実質的部分にわたって前記第1と第2の基板の間に前記ボンドを拡張させること
を包含する請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記第1の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの下にボイドを形成させることを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ボイドの下の材料の層中に前記ボイドを形成することを包含する請求項17記載の方法。
- 前記パッド下の材料を変形させて前記ボイド中に延出させることを包含する請求項17記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのパッドに近接して配置されたボイドを用いて前記第1と第2の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの周りの非ボンド領域を減少させることを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの下に、変形可能な材料を配置することを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのパッドの下の領域における前記低K材料の厚さを減少させることにより前記パッド下の前記変形可能な材料を変形させることを包含する請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記第1の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの下に変形可能な低K材料を配置することを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの下の前記低K材料を変形させることを包含する請求項23記載の方法。
- 前記パッドの下の前記低K材料を変形させることが、前記少なくとも1つのパッド下の領域における前記低K材料の厚さを減少させることを包含する請求項23記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのパッドに近接して配置された変形可能な材料を用いて前記第1と第2の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの周りの非ボンド領域を減少させることを包含する請求項1記載の方法。
- 第1の基板上に第1の複数の金属パッドを形成することであって、前記第1の基板は前記第1の複数の金属パッドに近接するそれぞれの複数の第1の非金属ボンディング領域を有し、前記第1の複数のパッドの上方表面が前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれの表面の下に形成されるところのもの、
第2の基板上に第2の複数の金属パッドを形成することであって、前記第2の基板は前記第2の複数の金属パッドに近接するそれぞれの複数の第2の非金属ボンディング領域を有するところのもの、
前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれに前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域を直接接触させること、
前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれに前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域をボンディングすること、および
前記第2の複数の金属パッドのそれぞれに前記第1の複数の金属パッドを接続するように前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドを加熱して、接続されたパッドの対を形成することを包含するウエーハーの貼り合わせ方法。 - 加熱が、前記接続された対を形成する前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドのそれぞれの対の少なくとも一方をリフローさせることを包含する請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記第2の複数のパッドの上方表面が前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれの表面の下に形成される請求項27記載の方法。
- 加熱が、前記接続された対を形成する前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドのそれぞれの対の少なくとも一方をリフローさせることを包含する請求項29記載の方法。
- 前記第2の複数のパッドの上方表面が前記第2の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれの表面上に形成される請求項27記載の方法。
- 加熱が、前記接続された対を形成する前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドのそれぞれの対の少なくとも一方をリフローさせることを包含する請求項31記載の方法。
- 前記第2の複数のパッドの前記上方表面が、第1の距離だけ前記第2の非金属ボンディング表面の前記それぞれの表面上に延出し、
前記第1の複数のパッドの前記上方表面が、第2の距離だけ前記第1の非金属ボンディング領域のそれぞれの表面の下に延出し、および
前記第1の距離は、前記第2の距離未満である
請求項31記載の方法。 - 第1の基板であって、該第1の基板の第1の表面上に延出する第1の複数の金属パッドを有する第1の基板、
前記第1の表面内に第1の複数の金属パッドに近接して位置する第1の非金属領域、
第2の基板であって、該第2の基板の第2の表面上に延出する第2の複数の金属パッドを有する第2の基板、
前記第2の表面内に第2の複数の金属パッドに近接して位置する第2の非金属領域を具備し、
前記第2の複数の金属パッドは、それぞれ、前記第1の複数の金属パッドと直接接触し、
前記第1の非金属領域は、前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の少なくとも一方の弾性変形により、前記第2の非金属領域と接触し、直接ボンディングされている貼り合わせ構造。 - デバイスに接続される前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドの少なくとも1つを具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記金属パッドの隣接するパッド間の離間距離より実質的に小さい厚さをそれぞれ有する前記第1と第2の複数の金属パッドを具備する請求項35記載の構造。
- 前記厚さが1000Å未満である請求項36記載の構造。
- 前記第1と第2の非金属領域の少なくとも一方が二酸化シリコン層を具備する請求項37記載の構造。
- 前記二酸化シリコン層が、酸素プラズマに暴露されたものである請求項38記載の構造。
- 前記二酸化シリコン層内に、メタル化ビアホールを具備する請求項38記載の構造。
- 前記メタル化ビアホールが、
前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の一方に形成された突出する金属パッド、および
前記突出する金属ボンディングパッドを有さない前記第1の基板および前記第2の基板の他方上に形成された凹設金属パッド
を具備する請求項40記載の構造。 - 前記第1の基板および第2の基板の少なくとも一方が集積回路を含む請求項34記載の構造。
- 弾性的に変形された前記第1と第2の基板の少なくとも一方を具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記第1の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの下に形成されたボイドを具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記ボイドの下の材料の層に形成されたボイドを具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記ボイド中に延出するように変形された、前記パッド下の材料を具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記第1の複数の金属パッドの少なくとも1つの下に配置された変形可能な材料を具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記少なくとも1つのパッドの下に厚さの減少した領域を有する前記変形可能な材料を具備する請求項47記載の構造。
- 前記第1の複数の金属パッドの少なくとも1つの下に配置された変形可能な低K材料を具備する請求項34記載の構造。
- 前記第1の複数のパッドの少なくとも1つの下の領域において変形された前記低K材料を具備する請求項49記載の構造。
- 前記低K材料が、前記少なくとも1つのパッドの下に厚さの減少した領域を有する請求項49記載の構造。
- 第1の基板上に配置された第1の複数の金属パッド、
前記第1の表面の第1の表面内に前記第1の複数の金属パッドに近接して位置する第1の非金属領域であって、前記複数の金属パッドの上方表面が前記第1の表面の下にあるところの第1の非金属領域、
第2の基板上に配置された第2の複数の金属パッド、
前記第2の表面内に前記第2の複数の金属パッドに近接して位置する第2の非金属領域を備え、
前記第1の複数の金属パッドの一部は、前記第2の複数の金属パッドのそれぞれのパッドに直接接触し、
前記第1の非金属領域は、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板の少なくとも一方の前記第2の非金属領域に接触し、直接ボンディングされている
貼り合わせ構造。 - 前記一部が、リフロー部分を具備する請求項52記載の構造。
- 前記第2の基板の表面上に延出する上方表面を有する前記第2の複数の金属パッドを具備する請求項52記載の構造。
- 前記第1の複数の金属パッドの前記上方表面が、第1の距離だけ前記第1の表面の下に位置し、
前記第2の複数の金属パッドの前記上方表面が、第2の距離だけ前記第2の基板の表面上に延出し、
前記第1の距離が前記第2の距離より大きい
請求項54記載の構造。 - 前記第2の複数の金属パッドが前記第2の基板の表面の下に延出する上方表面を有する請求項52記載の構造。
- 前記第1の複数の金属パッドが配置される凹部を有する前記第1の基板を具備する請求項52記載の構造。
- 前記第2の複数の金属パッドが配置された凹部を有する前記第2の基板を備え、前記第2の複数の金属パッドの上方表面が前記第2の基板の表面の下にある請求項57記載の構造。
- 前記第2の複数の金属パッドが配置された凹部を有する前記第2の基板を有し、前記第2の複数の金属パッドの上方表面が前記第2の基板の表面の下にある請求項52記載の構造。
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