CN107411892B - 具有高吸收材料含量的吸收制品 - Google Patents

具有高吸收材料含量的吸收制品 Download PDF

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CN107411892B
CN107411892B CN201710778434.8A CN201710778434A CN107411892B CN 107411892 B CN107411892 B CN 107411892B CN 201710778434 A CN201710778434 A CN 201710778434A CN 107411892 B CN107411892 B CN 107411892B
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absorbent
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core
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B.阿里兹蒂
E.比安基
B.J.埃恩施佩格
H.A.杰克尔斯
C.H.克罗伊泽
R.罗萨蒂
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于个人卫生的吸收制品(20),诸如尿布或训练裤,该吸收制品具有前边缘(10)和后边缘(12)、在该制品的纵向上延伸的纵向轴线(80),该制品具有至少320mm的长度L和裆点(C),所述长度L沿所述纵向轴线从前边缘至后边缘测量,所述裆点(C)被限定为在与该制品的前边缘相距五分之二L的距离处放置在所述纵向轴线上的点。该吸收芯包括包封吸收材料(60)的芯包裹物(16,16’),所述吸收材料包含按重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物(“SAP”)。该吸收芯还包括至少部分地在制品的纵向上取向的至少一个通道(26,26’);和位于顶片和吸收芯之间的采集‑分配系统(ADS),该ADS包括一个,两个或更多个层,条件是ADS不包括具有至少50重量%的合成纤维并具有高于150gsm的基重的层。该制品可具有通过本文所述的“湿厚度和压缩力(WCACF)测试”测量的小于32.0%的“相对湿厚度增加”(RWCI)值和小于27.0的“湿法压缩力”。

Description

具有高吸收材料含量的吸收制品
本申请是基于申请日为2013年12月10日,优先权日为2012年12月10日,申请号为201380064251.X(PCT/US2013/074084),发明名称为:“具有高吸收材料含量的吸收制品”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明提供了一种用于个人卫生的吸收制品,诸如婴儿尿布、训练裤、女性卫生月经垫或成人失禁制品。
背景技术
用于个人卫生的吸收制品诸如用于婴儿的一次性尿布、用于学步儿童的训练裤或成人失禁内衣被设计成吸收和容纳身体流出物,尤其是大量的尿液。这些吸收制品包括提供不同功能的若干层,例如顶片、底片和其间的吸收芯、还有其它层。
吸收芯的功能是为了长时间地吸收并保持流出物例如尿布过夜使用,最小化回渗以保持穿着者干燥并避免弄脏衣服或床单。大部分当前市售的吸收制品包含作为吸收材料的粉碎的木浆与呈颗粒形式的超吸收聚合物(SAP)的共混物,也被称为吸收胶凝材料(AGM),参见例如US5,151,092(Buell)。也已经提出具有基本上由作为吸收材料的SAP组成的芯(所谓的“不含透气毡”的芯)的吸收制品,但与传统的混合芯相比更少见(参见例如WO2008/155699(Hundorf)、WO95/11652(Tanzer)、WO2012/052172(Van Malderen))。
也已提出了包括具有狭缝或沟槽的吸收芯的吸收制品,所述狭缝或沟槽通常用以增大芯的流体采集特性。WO95/11652(Tanzer)公开了包括位于离散口袋中的超吸收材料的吸收制品,所述口袋具有水敏围堵结构和非水敏围堵结构。WO2009/047596(Wright)公开了一种具有狭缝吸收芯的吸收制品。
已知的是在顶片和吸收芯之间设置子层,通常为非织造织物。这些子层被设计成快速地采集和/或分配流体使其远离顶片并进入到芯中。这些子层有时候称为“芯吸层”、“涌流层”、“采集层”或“分配层”。具有这些子层中的仅一者的制品是已知的。具有两个或更多个子层的制品也是已知的,具体地第一子层可具有将流体快速地引导远离顶片的高毛细作用,并且第二子层可具有较大的空隙区域以将流体分配到芯上的大的表面上。这些子层通常不包括超吸收制品材料。在下文中,术语“采集-分配系统”(“ADS”)将用来命名存在于顶片和底片之间并提供这些采集和/或分配功能的层或离散层(一个,两个,或更多个)的组合,不论层的数目。
包括单一层的采集-分配系统公开于例如WO94/23761(Payne)中,其公开了包含亲水性纤维材料的均匀组合物的采集层和包含亲水性纤维材料和吸收胶凝材料的离散颗粒的混合物的存储层。采集层具有朝制品前部的采集区,所述采集区比朝制品后部的分配区具有相对较低的平均密度和相对较低的平均基重。具有单一层的ADS的另一个示例可见于US5,486,166和US5,490,846(Bishop)。
US2008/0312621和US2008/0312622(Hundorf)描述了一种一次性吸收制品,其包括具有顶片和底片的基础结构;基本上不含纤维素的吸收芯,所述吸收芯位于顶片和底片之间并具有当制品被穿着时朝穿着者取向的面向穿着者侧和相对的面向衣服侧;和设置在液体可透过的顶片和吸收芯的面向穿着者侧之间的包括化学交联的纤维素纤维的“液体采集系统”。该液体采集系统也可包括由胶乳粘合的非织造织物制成的上部采集层。
US2004/220541(Suzuki)公开了一种吸收片,该吸收片在其表面上具有凹形部分和凸形部分,并由于形成了凹-凸结构而自然地表现出三维结构。US2007/244455(Hansson)公开了吸收制品中的吸收芯,其具有至少两个折叠引导件,所述折叠引导件沿基本上纵向在裆区中延伸并将吸收芯的裆区的至少一部分分成中心部分和在横向上见到的两个侧向部分。至少两个可拉伸的裆部弹性构件被布置在制品的裆部部分中并附接到吸收芯和/或内覆盖件或外覆盖件。
裆区为柔性的吸收产品提供如下有益效果:对于穿着者的改善的运动自由,尤其是当使用者的腿部侧向地压缩制品裆区时。然而,本发明人已发现,高度柔性的产品一般来讲在被润湿时可具有较差的回弹力,因此当受到穿着者腿部运动的压缩时趋于失去它们的形状。由于吸收芯变形,所述产品可能不能够适当地起作用,并且这增大了失效诸如流体渗漏的可能性。
具有相对高含量的合成纤维的采集层或分配层能够为制品提供另外的回弹力(如果它们的基重足够高的话)。然而,由于合成纤维的流体处理特性较差,这些层可具有导致高回渗的缺点。需要具有高裆部回弹力,同时又提供高柔韧性和良好的流体处理特性的吸收制品。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种根据权利要求所述的用于个人卫生的吸收制品。该吸收制品具有前边缘和后边缘、在制品的纵向上延伸的纵向轴线,该制品具有沿纵向轴线从前边缘至后边缘测量的至少320mm的长度L。该吸收制品包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片、和位于顶片和底片之间的吸收芯,该吸收芯包括包封吸收材料的芯包裹物。吸收材料包含按吸收材料的重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物(“SAP”)。该吸收芯包括至少部分地在制品的纵向上取向的至少一个通道。该制品包括位于顶片和吸收芯之间的采集-分配系统(ADS),ADS包括一个,两个或更多个层,条件是ADS不包括包含至少50重量%的合成纤维并具有高于150gsm的基重的层。该吸收制品可具有通过本文所述的“湿厚度和压缩力(WCACF)测试”测量的小于32.0%,具体地10.0%至30.0%的“相对湿厚度增加”(RWCI)值。
本发明还包括以下内容:
实施方式1.一种用于个人卫生的吸收制品(20),所述吸收制品具有前边缘(10)、后边缘(12)、在所述制品的纵向上延伸的纵向轴线(80),所述制品具有沿所述纵向轴线从所述前边缘至所述后边缘测量的至少320mm的长度L,所述吸收制品包括:
-液体可透过的顶片(24),
-液体不可透过的底片(25),
-位于所述顶片和底片之间的吸收芯(28),所述吸收芯包括包封吸收材料(60)的芯包裹物(16,16'),其中所述吸收材料包含按所述吸收材料的重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物(“SAP”),其中所述吸收芯包括至少部分地在所述制品的纵向上取向的至少一个通道(26,26');
-位于所述顶片和所述吸收芯之间的采集-分配系统(ADS),所述ADS包括一个,两个或更多个层,条件是所述ADS不包括包含至少50重量%的合成纤维并具有高于150gsm的基重的层。
实施方式2.根据实施方式1所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品具有通过本文所述的“湿厚度和压缩力(WCACF)测试”测量的小于32.0%,具体地10.0%至30.0%的“相对湿厚度增加”(RWCI)值。
实施方式3.根据实施方式2所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品具有通过本文所述的“湿厚度和压缩力(WCACF)测试”测量的小于27.0N,具体地5.0N至25.0N的“湿法压缩力”。
实施方式4.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,包括至少一对通道(26,26'),优选地其中所述一对通道中的通道相对于所述纵向轴线对称地设置。
实施方式5.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中至少一个通道具有投射在所述制品的纵向轴线(80)上的长度,所述长度为所述吸收制品的长度L的至少10%。
实施方式6.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述至少一个通道基本上不含吸收材料,并且至少在所述通道的一些部分中具有至少2mm的宽度。
实施方式7.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述芯包裹物包括第一非织造织物(16)和第二非织造织物(16'),并且其中所述第一非织造织物围绕所述第二非织造织物形成C形包裹物。
实施方式8.根据前述实施方式所述的吸收制品,其中所述采集-分配系统包括至少一个分配层(54),所述至少一个分配层包含至少50重量%的交联纤维素纤维。
实施方式9.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述芯包裹物内的所述吸收材料的周边限定吸收材料沉积区域(8),并且其中所述吸收材料沉积区域为矩形或被成形为具有在所述裆点(C)处比所述吸收材料沉积区域的最大宽度窄的宽度,其中所述裆点被限定为在与所述吸收制品的前边缘相距五分之二(2/5)L的距离处放置在所述纵向轴线的点。
实施方式10.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包括第一吸收层和第二吸收层、以及纤维热塑性粘合剂材料(51),所述第一吸收层包括第一基底(16)和第一超吸收聚合物层(61),所述第二吸收层包括第二基底(16')和第二超吸收聚合物层(62),所述纤维热塑性粘合剂材料至少部分地将所述超吸收聚合物层粘结到其相应基底,所述第一基底和所述第二基底形成所述芯包裹物。
实施方式11.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收芯,其中所述吸收材料包含按所述吸收材料的总重量计至少90重量%的超吸收聚合物。
实施方式12.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯的吸收材料(60)包含小于10重量%,或小于5重量%的天然纤维或合成纤维,或基本上不含天然纤维或合成纤维。
实施方式13.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述芯包裹物包括顶侧面和底侧面,并且所述顶侧面和所述底侧面通过所述至少一个通道的至少一部分彼此粘结,并且/或者其中所述至少一个通道具有通过本文所述的“湿通道完整性测试”测量的至少20%的完整性百分比。
实施方式14.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包含5g至60g的SAP,具体地10g至50g。
实施方式15.根据前述实施方式中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中根据本文所述的“吸收制品厚度测试”在所述裆点处测量的所述制品的厚度为5mm至12mm。
附图说明
图1为呈尿布形式的本发明的实施例的顶视图,其中部分地移除了一些层;
图2为图1的实施例在裆点处的横截面;
图3为在与图2相同的点截取的图1的实施例的横截面,其中尿布已被加载有流体;
图4为具有两个通道的本发明的另选实施例的顶视图;
图5为图4的实施例在裆点处的横截面;
图6为单独获取的图4的吸收芯的顶视图,其中部分地移除了一些层;
图7为图6的芯在裆点处的横截面;
图8为图6的吸收芯的纵向剖视图。
图9为用来执行下文所详述的“湿厚度和压缩力测试”的设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
引言
如本文所用,术语“吸收制品”是指紧贴或邻近穿着者的身体放置以吸收和容纳从身体排出的各种流出物的一次性装置,诸如婴儿尿布、训练裤、成人失禁制品或女性卫生月经垫等等。通常这些制品包括顶片、底片、吸收芯和任选地采集系统(其可由一个或若干个层构成)和通常的其它部件,其中吸收芯通常放置在底片和采集系统或顶片之间。
本发明的吸收制品将以胶粘尿布的形式在下面说明书和附图中进一步举例说明。然而,除非另外明确地指明,不应认为该说明限制权利要求的范围。除非另外指明,本说明书是指干燥制品,即使用之前的制品,并且在21℃+/-2℃和50+/-20%的相对湿度(RH)下调理至少24小时。
如本文所用,“非织造纤维网”是指由定向或任意取向的纤维通过摩擦和/或结合和/或粘合而粘结成的、或通过湿磨法而毡化成的人造片、纤维网或毛层,不包括纸张和通过织造、编织、簇成、缝编而组合接结纱或长丝的产品,无论是否另外缝过。这些纤维可具有天然的或人造的来源,并且可为短纤维或连续长丝或为原位形成的纤维。可商购获得的纤维具有介于小于约0.001mm至大于约0.2mm的范围内的直径,并且它们具有几种不同的形式,例如短纤维(已知为化学短纤维或短切纤维)、连续单纤维(长丝或单丝)、无捻连续长丝束(丝束)和加捻连续长丝束(纱线)。非织造纤维网可通过许多方法形成,诸如熔喷法、纺粘法、溶液纺丝、静电纺纱、梳理法和气流成网法。非织造纤维网的基重通常用克/平方米(g/m2或gsm)表示。
如本文所用,术语“接合”或“粘结”或“附接”包括通过将元件直接附连到其它元件上而将元件直接固定到另一个元件上的构型,以及通过将元件附连到一个或多个中间元件,该中间元件继而附连到另一个元件上从而将元件间接固定到另一个元件上的构型。
“包括”和“包含”是开放式术语,每个均指定其后所述例如部件的存在,但不排除本领域已知的或本文所公开的其它特征结构例如元件、步骤或组分的存在。这些基于动词“包括”的术语应当被解读为涵盖较窄的术语“由…组成”,其排除未指定的任何元件、步骤或成分;和“基本上由…组成”,其将元件的范围限制于指定材料或步骤;以及不显著地影响元件执行其功能的方式的那些。下文所述的任何优选的实施例或示例性实施例不限制权利要求的范围,除非具体地指明这样做。词“典型地”、“通常”、“有利地”等也限定元件,其不旨在限制权利要求的范围,除非明确地指明如此进行。
对吸收制品的一般说明
图1-3示出了根据本发明的呈婴儿尿布20形式的示例性吸收制品。图1为处于平展状态的示例性尿布20的平面图,其中部分结构被切除以更清楚地示出尿布20的构造。该尿布20仅出于例证的目的示出,因为本发明可用于制备多种尿布或其它吸收制品。
该吸收制品包括液体可透过的顶片24、液体不可透过的底片25、介于顶片24和底片25之间的吸收芯28、以及采集-分配系统(“ADS”),所述采集-分配系统在所示的示例中包括下文将详述的分配层54和采集层52。该制品也可包括阻隔腿箍34和弹性化衬圈箍32,它们通常经由顶片和/或底片接合到吸收制品的基础结构,并基本上与尿布的基础结构在一个平面。
图1也示出了其它典型的胶粘尿布部件诸如包括粘合剂突片42的扣紧系统,所述粘合剂突片朝制品的后边缘附接并与制品前部上的着陆区44协作。该吸收制品也可包括未示出的其它典型元件,诸如后弹性腰部结构、前弹性腰部结构、一个或多个横向阻隔箍、洗剂应用等。
吸收制品20包括前边缘10、后边缘12、和两个侧边或纵向边缘13,14。制品的前边缘10为旨在当被穿着时朝向使用者的前部放置的边缘,并且后边缘12为制品的相对边缘。当将所述制品平坦放置并如图1所示地俯视时,吸收制品可设想地被纵向轴线80划分,所述纵向轴线从制品的前边缘延伸到后边缘并且将所述制品相对于该轴线划分成两个基本上对称的半部。制品的长度L可沿纵向轴线80从前边缘10到后边缘12测量。所述制品包括裆点C,其在本文中被定义为在从制品20的前边缘10开始五分之二(2/5)L的距离处放置在纵向轴线上的点。在所述两个纵向边缘13,14之间测量的裆点处的制品宽度应当足够用于要进行的“WCACF测试”,即应当为至少40mm。裆点处的制品宽度可具体地为50mm至300mm,或80mm至250mm。
裆区可被限定为尿布的纵向中心位于裆点C处并朝吸收制品的前部和后部延伸五分之一L(L/5)的距离的区域。前区和后区可被限定为分别朝制品的前边缘和后边缘放置的尿布的剩余部分。
顶片24、底片25、吸收芯28和其它制品部件可具体地通过胶粘或热压花以多种熟知的构型来组装。示例性尿布构型大体描述于US3,860,003、US5,221,274、US5,554,145、US5,569,234、US5,580,411和US6,004,306中。吸收制品优选为薄的。由本文所述的“制品厚度测试”测量,该制品的裆点C处的厚度可为例如4.0mm至12.0mm,具体地6.0mm至10.0mm。
吸收芯28具有包含至少80重量%的超吸收聚合物的吸收材料和包封超吸收聚合物的芯包裹物。芯包裹物通常可包括用于芯的顶侧面和底侧面的两个基底16和16’。芯还包括至少一个通道,在图1中被示出为所述四个通道26,26’和27,27’。
该制品还包括采集-分配系统,示例性地包括采集层52和分配层54。现在将更详细地讨论该制品的这些和其它部件。
顶片24
顶片24是吸收制品的直接接触穿着者皮肤的部分。如本领域中所公知的,顶片24可接合到底片25、芯28和/或任何其它层。通常,顶片24和底片25彼此在一些位置直接接合(例如在制品周边上或靠近制品周边处),并且通过在其它位置通过使它们直接接合制品20的一个或多个其它元件,从而间接接合在一起。
顶片24优选地为柔顺的、感觉柔软的,并且不刺激穿着者的皮肤。另外,顶片24的至少一部分为液体可透过的,从而允许液体容易地穿透其厚度。适合的顶片可由许多各种不同的材料制成,诸如多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、开孔塑料膜、或者天然纤维(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维或长丝(例如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维或PE/PP双组分纤维或它们的混合物)或天然纤维与合成纤维组合的织造或非织造材料。如果顶片包含纤维,则纤维可为纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺法、或以如本领域已知的其他方式处理的,具体地为纺粘PP非织造织物。包含短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的纤维网的合适的顶片由InternationalPaper Company的一个分部Veratec,Inc.(Walpole,MA)制造,商品名为P-8。
合适的成形膜顶片描述于US3,929,135、US4,324,246、US4,342,314、US4,463,045和US5,006,394中。其它合适的顶片可根据授予Curro等人的US4,609,518和4,629,643来制备。此类成形膜以“DRI-WEAVE”购自TheProcter&Gamble Company(Cincinnati,Ohio)并以“CLIFF-T”购自总部设在Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation。
如本领域已知的,顶片24的任何部分均可涂覆有洗剂。合适的洗剂的示例包括描述于US5,607,760、US5,609,587、US5,643,588、US5,968,025和US6,716,441中的那些。顶片24也可包括抗菌剂或用抗菌剂进行处理,一些示例公开于PCT公布WO95/24173中。此外,顶片24、底片25或所述顶片或底片的任何部分可经压花和/或糙面精整以提供更类似于布料的外观。
顶片24可包括一个或多个孔以便于流出物透过,诸如尿液和/或粪便(固体、半固体、或液体)。至少主孔的尺寸对于获得期望的废物包封性能是重要的。如果主孔太小,废物可不穿过孔,这是由于废物源和孔的位置的较差对齐,或者由于粪块具有大于孔的直径。如果孔太大,可能被制品的“回渗”污染的皮肤区域增大。通常,尿布表面处的孔的总面积可具有介于约10cm2和约50cm2之间,具体地介于约15cm2和35cm2之间的面积。开孔顶片的示例公开于转让给BBA NONWOVENS SIMPSONVILLE的US6632504中。WO2011/163582还公开了合适的着色顶片,其具有12至18gsm的基重并包括多个粘结点。粘结点中的每一个具有2mm2至5mm2的表面积,并且多个粘结点的累加表面积为所述顶片总表面积的10%至25%。
典型的尿布顶片具有约10至约28gsm,具体地介于约12至约18gsm之间的基重,但其它基重也是可能的。
底片25
底片25一般为在被使用者穿着时形成制品的大部分外表面的吸收制品20的部分。底片朝吸收芯的底侧面定位并防止其中所吸收和容纳的流出物脏污制品诸如床单和内衣。底片25通常是对液体(例如,尿液)不可透过的。底片可例如为薄塑料膜或包括薄塑料膜诸如具有约0.012mm至约0.051mm厚度的热塑性膜。示例性底片膜包括由总部在Richmond,VA的Tredegar Corporation制造并以商品名CPC2膜出售的那些。其它合适的底片材料可包括允许水蒸汽从尿布20逸出同时还防止流出物通过底片25的透气材料。示例性的透气材料可包括材料诸如机织纤维网、非织造纤维网、复合材料诸如膜包衣的非织造纤维网、微孔膜诸如由Mitsui Toatsu Co.(Japan)以名称ESPOIR NO制造的和由Tredegar Corporation(Richmond,VA)制造并以名称EXAIRE出售的、以及单片膜诸如由Clopay Corporation(Cincinnati,OH)以名称HYTREL共混物P18-3097制造的。一些可透气的复合材料更详细地描述于以下专利中:以E.I.DuPont的名义公布于1995年6月22日的PCT专利申请WO 95/16746;授予LaVon等人的US5,938,648,授予Linman等人的US4,681,793、授予Curro的US5,865,823;和授予Dobrin等人的US5,571,096、授予London Brown的US6,946,585B2。
可通过本领域已知的任何附接部件将底片25接合到尿布20的顶片24、吸收芯28或任何其它元件上。合适的附接部件已在上文针对用于将顶片24接合到制品20的其它元件上的部件进行了说明。例如,附接部件可包括均匀连续的粘合剂层、成图案的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。合适的附接部件包括粘合剂长丝的开放图案网络,如US4,573,986中所公开的。其它合适的附接部件包括一些盘绕成螺旋图案的粘合剂长丝,如US3,911,173、US 4,785,996;和US 4,842,666中所示出的设备和方法所说明。由H.B.Fuller Company(St.Paul,Minnesota)制造且以HL-1620和HL1358-XZP出售的粘合剂已被发现为令人满意的。另选地,附接方法可包括热粘结、压力粘结、超声粘结、动态机械粘结、或本领域已知的任何其它合适的附接方法或这些附接方法的组合。
吸收芯28
如本文所用,术语“吸收芯”是指该制品的如下单个部件,其具有最大吸收容量并包括吸收材料和包封吸收材料的芯包裹物。术语“吸收芯”不包括不是芯包裹物的整体部分或不是放置在芯包裹物内的制品的采集-分配系统或层或任何其它部件。芯可基本上由或由芯包裹物、如下文所限定的吸收材料、和包封在芯包裹物内的胶组成。
本发明的吸收芯28包括吸收材料,所述吸收材料具有包封在芯包裹物内的高含量的超吸收聚合物(在本文中缩写为“SAP”)。SAP含量表示包含在芯包裹物中的至少80重量%的吸收材料。出于评估SAP占吸收芯的百分比的目的,芯包裹物不被认为是吸收材料。
所谓“吸收材料”,是指具有一些吸收特性或液体保持特性的材料,诸如SAP、纤维素纤维以及合成纤维。通常,用于制备吸收芯的胶不具有吸收特性,因而不被认为是吸收材料。SAP含量可高于80%,例如至少85%,至少90%,至少95%,并且甚至多至并包括芯包裹物内所包含的吸收材料重量的100%。相比于通常包含介于40-60%之间的SAP和高含量纤维素纤维的常规芯,这提供了相对薄的芯。具体地,吸收材料可包含少于10重量%的天然纤维或合成纤维,或少于5重量%或甚至基本上不含天然纤维和/或合成纤维。吸收材料可有利地包含很少或不包含透气毡(纤维素)纤维,具体地吸收芯可包含按所述吸收芯的重量计少于15%、10%、5%透气毡(纤维素)纤维,或甚至基本上不含纤维素纤维。
图4-5的吸收制品的示例性吸收芯28单独地示出于图6-8中。该吸收芯通常包括前侧边280、后侧边282以及接合前侧边280和后侧边282的两个纵向侧边284,286。该吸收芯也可包括大致平面的顶侧面和大致平面的底侧面。芯的前侧边280为芯的朝吸收制品的前边缘10放置的侧边。如在图1所示的平面视图中从顶部来看时,所述芯可具有基本上对应于制品80的纵向轴线的纵向轴线80’。通常,吸收材料将有利地以比朝后侧边更高的含量朝前侧边分布,因为在前部需要更多吸收性。通常,芯的前侧边和后侧边短于芯的纵向侧边。芯包裹物可由两个非织造材料16,16’形成,它们可沿吸收芯的侧边至少部分地密封。芯包裹物可沿其前侧边、后侧边和两个纵向侧边至少部分地密封,使得基本上无吸收材料渗漏出吸收芯包裹物。
本发明的吸收芯还可包括例如粘合剂以帮助将SAP固定在芯包裹物内和/或确保芯包裹物的完整性,尤其是当芯包裹物由两个或更多基底制成时。芯包裹物通常将比在其内包含吸收材料严格所需的区域延伸至更大的区域。根据WO2010/0051166A1中所述的湿固定作用测试,吸收芯有利地实现不超过约70%、60%、50%、40%、30%、20%、10%的SAP损失。
过去已经提出了包含相对高含量SAP和具有各种芯设计的芯,参见例如US5,599,335(Goldman)、EP1,447,066(Busam)、WO95/11652(Tanzer)、US2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)、WO2012/052172(VanMalderen)。
吸收材料可为存在于芯包裹物内的连续层。在其它实施例中,吸收材料可包括包封在芯包裹物内的单个吸收材料口袋或吸收材料条。在第一种情况下,吸收材料可例如通过施加单一连续吸收材料层来获得。吸收材料(具体地SAP)的连续层也可通过组合具有不连续的吸收材料施加图案的两个吸收层而获得,其中所得层在吸收颗粒聚合物材料区域上基本上连续地分布,如例如US2008/0312622A1(Hundorf)所提出。吸收芯28可例如包括第一吸收层和第二吸收层、以及纤维热塑性粘合剂材料51,第一吸收层包括第一基底16和第一吸收材料层61(它们可为100%SAP),并且第二吸收层包括第二基底16’和第二吸收材料层62(它们也可为100%SAP),所述纤维热塑性粘合剂材料将每个吸收材料层61,62至少部分地粘结到其相应基底。这示出于图7-8中,其中第一SAP层和第二SAP层已被施加为横向条或“着陆区域”,它们在被组合之前与位于其相应基底上的所期望的吸收材料沉积区域具有相同的宽度。条可有利地包括不同量的吸收材料(SAP)以提供沿芯80’的纵向轴线分布的基重。第一基底16和第二基底16’可形成芯包裹物。
纤维热塑性粘合剂材料51可在着陆区域中至少部分地接触吸收材料61,62并在接合区域中至少部分地接触基底层。这赋予热塑性粘合剂材料51的纤维层基本上三维的结构,所述结构本身为基本上二维的结构,其中与长度方向和宽度方向上的尺寸相比厚度相对地小。从而,纤维热塑性粘合剂材料可提供腔以覆盖着陆区域中的吸收材料,并从而固定该吸收材料(其可为100%SAP)。
热塑性粘合剂材料51可整体包括单一热塑性聚合物或热塑性聚合物的共混物,当通过ASTM方法D-36-95“环球法”测定时,所述聚合物具有在介于50℃和300℃之间的范围内的软化点,并且/或者热塑性粘合剂材料可为热熔性粘合剂,其包括与其它热塑性稀释剂诸如增粘树脂、增塑剂和添加剂诸如抗氧化剂相组合的至少一种热塑性聚合物。
热塑性聚合物通常具有超过10,000的分子量(Mw)和通常低于室温的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)或-6℃<Tg<16℃。热熔体中聚合物的典型浓度在约20重量%至约40重量%的范围内。该热塑性聚合物可以为水不敏感性的。示例性聚合物为包括A-B-A三嵌段结构、A-B两嵌段结构和(A-B)n径向嵌段共聚物结构的(苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物,其中A嵌段为通常包含聚苯乙烯的非弹性体聚合物嵌段,且B嵌段为不饱和共轭双烯或(部分)氢化的此类变体。B嵌段通常为异戊二烯、丁二烯、乙烯/丁烯(氢化丁二烯)、乙烯/丙烯(氢化异戊二烯)、以及它们的混合物。可采用的其它合适的热塑性聚合物为茂金属聚烯烃,它们为利用单位点或茂金属催化剂制备的乙烯聚合物。其中,至少一种共聚单体可与乙烯聚合以制备共聚物、三元共聚物或更高级的聚合物。同样适用的是无定形聚烯烃或无定形聚α-烯烃(APAO),它们为C2至C8α烯烃的均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物。
增粘树脂可示例性地具有低于5,000的Mw和通常高于室温的Tg,热熔体中树脂的典型浓度在约30至约60%的范围内,并且增塑剂具有通常小于1,000的低Mw和低于室温的Tg,其典型浓度为约0至约15%。
用于纤维层的热塑性粘合剂优选具有弹性体特性,使得由SAP层上的纤维形成的纤维网在SAP溶胀时能够被拉伸。示例性弹性体热熔性粘合剂包括热塑性弹性体,诸如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、硬组分(一般为结晶聚烯烃诸如聚丙烯或聚乙烯)和软组分(诸如乙烯-丙烯橡胶)的聚烯烃共混物;共聚酯,诸如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯-共壬二酸乙烯酯);和被命名为A-B-A嵌段共聚物的具有热塑性端块和橡胶状中间嵌段的热塑性弹性体嵌段共聚物;结构上不同的均聚物或共聚物的混合物,例如,具有A-B-A嵌段共聚物的聚乙烯或聚苯乙烯的混合物;热塑性弹性体和低分子量树脂调节剂的混合物,例如苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物与聚苯乙烯的混合物;以及本文所述的弹性体热熔性压敏粘合剂。这些类型的弹性体热熔性粘合剂详述于在1988年3月15日授予Korpman的美国专利4,731,066中。
热塑性粘合剂材料有利地被施加为纤维。纤维可示例性地具有约1微米至约50微米或约1微米至约35微米的平均厚度和约5mm至约50mm或约5mm至约30mm的平均长度。为了改善热塑性粘合剂材料对基底层或任何其它层尤其是任何其它非织造层的粘附性,此类层可用辅助粘合剂预处理。纤维彼此附着以形成纤维层,其还可描述为网。
在某些实施例中,热塑性粘合剂材料将符合至少一个、或多个、或所有以下参数。一种示例性热塑性粘合剂材料可具有在20℃下测量的至少30,000Pa且小于300,000Pa,或小于200,000Pa,或介于140,000Pa和200,000Pa之间,或小于100,000Pa的储能模量G'。在另一方面,在35℃下测量的储能模量G'可大于80,000Pa。在另一方面,在60℃下测量的储能模量G'可小于300,000Pa且大于18,000Pa,或大于24,000Pa,或大于30,000Pa,或大于90,000Pa。在另一方面,在90℃下测量的储能模量G'可小于200,000Pa且大于10,000Pa,或大于20,000Pa,或大于30,000Pa。在60℃和90℃下测量的储能模量可为热塑性粘合剂材料在高环境温度下的形式稳定性的量度。如果吸收产品在炎热的气候中使用,则该值是特别重要的,如果在60℃和90℃下储能模量G'不足够高,则在所述气候中,热塑性粘合剂材料将失去其完整性。
G'可使用流变仪,如WO2010/27719所述进行测量。流变仪能够向粘合剂施加剪切应力,并且测量在恒定温度下所引起的应变(剪切变形)响应。将粘合剂置于用作下固定板的珀尔帖元件和具有例如10mm半径R的上板之间,所述上板连接到马达的驱动轴上以生成剪切应力。两个板之间的间隙具有例如1500微米的高度H。珀尔帖元件使得能够控制材料的温度(+0.5℃)。应选择应变速率和频率使得所有测量在线性粘弹性区域进行。
超吸收聚合物(SAP)
如本文所用,“超吸收聚合物”(“SAP”)是指如下吸收材料,它们是交联聚合材料,当使用离心保留容量(CRC)测试(EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05E)来测量时,所述聚合材料能够吸收至少10倍于它们自身重量的含水的0.9%盐水溶液。所用的SAP具体地可具有超过20g/g,或大于24g/g,或20至50g/g,或20至40g/g,或24至30g/g的CRC值。用于本发明中的SAP包括多种水不溶性却水可溶胀的能够吸收大量流体的聚合物。
超吸收聚合物可为颗粒形式,以便在干燥状态下能够流动。典型的粒状吸收性聚合物材料由聚(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物制成。然而,例如还可使用基于淀粉颗粒的吸收性聚合物材料,以及聚丙烯酰胺共聚物、乙烯马来酸酐共聚物、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇共聚物、交联聚环氧乙烷、以及聚丙烯腈的淀粉接枝的共聚物。超吸收聚合物可以为聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯酸聚合物,其为内部交联和/或表面交联的。合适的材料在PCT专利申请WO07/047598或例如WO07/046052或例如WO2009/155265和WO2009/155264中有所描述。在一些实施例中,合适的超吸收聚合物颗粒可通过本领域现阶段的制备工艺获得,如更具体地在WO2006/083584中描述。优选将超吸收聚合物内部交联,即在具有两个或更多个可聚合基团的化合物的存在下进行聚合,所述化合物可自由基共聚到聚合物网络中。可用的交联剂包括例如如EP-A 530 438中所述的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二甘醇二丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、四烯丙氧基乙烷,如EP-A 547 847、EP-A 559476、EP-A 632 068、WO 93/21237、WO 03/104299、WO 03/104300、WO 03/104301和DE-A10331 450中所述的二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯,如DE-A 103 31 456和DE-A 103 55 401中所述的混合丙烯酸酯(其不仅包括丙烯酸酯基团,还包括烯键式不饱和基团),或者如例如DE-A195 43 368、DE-A 196 46 484、WO90/15830和WO 02/32962中所述的交联剂混合物,以及WO2009/155265中所述的交联剂。超吸收聚合物颗粒可为外部表面交联的(或:后交联的)。可用的后交联剂包括具有能够与所述聚合物的羧酸根基团形成共价键的两个或更多个基团的化合物。可用的化合物包括例如EP-A 083 022、EP-A 543 303和EP-A 937 736中所述的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物、聚氮丙啶、聚胺、聚酰氨基胺、二或聚缩水甘油基化合物;如DE-C33 14 019中所述的多元醇;如DE-A 40 20 780中所述的环状碳酸酯;如DE-A 198 07 502中所述的2-
Figure BDA0001396385510000151
唑烷酮及其衍生物,诸如N-(2-羟乙基)-2-
Figure BDA0001396385510000153
唑烷酮;如DE-A 198 07 992中所述的双及聚-2-
Figure BDA0001396385510000152
唑烷酮;如DE-A 198 54 573中所述的2-氧代四氢-1,3-
Figure BDA0001396385510000161
嗪及其衍生物;如DE-A 198 54 574中所述的N-酰基-2-
Figure BDA0001396385510000162
唑烷酮;如DE-A 102 04 937中所述的环脲;如DE-A 103 34 584中所述的二环酰胺缩醛;如EP1,199,327中所述的氧杂环丁烷和环脲;以及如WO03/031482中所述的吗啉-2,3-二酮及其衍生物。
在一些实施例中,SAP由聚丙烯酸聚合物/聚丙烯酸酯聚合物形成,例如具有60%至90%,或约75%的中和程度,具有例如钠抗衡离子。
可用于本发明的SAP可为很多种形状。术语“颗粒”是指小粒、纤维、薄片、球体、粉末、薄板、以及在超吸收聚合物颗粒领域中技术人员已知的其它形状和形态。在一些实施例中,SAP颗粒可为纤维的形状,即细长的针状超吸收聚合物颗粒。在那些实施例中,超吸收聚合物颗粒纤维具有小于约1mm,通常小于约500μm,并且优选小于250μm下至50μm的小尺寸(即纤维的直径)。纤维的长度优选为约3mm至约100mm。纤维也可为可被织造的长丝的形式。
通常SAP是球状颗粒。与纤维相反,“球状颗粒”具有最长和最短尺寸,并且颗粒的最长和最短颗粒尺寸之比在1-5范围内,其中值1等于完美的球状颗粒,而值5允许与此类球状颗粒有一些偏差。根据EDANA方法WSP 220.2-05测量,超吸收聚合物颗粒可具有小于850μm,或50至850μm,优选100至710μm,更优选150至650μm的粒度。具有相对低粒度的SAP有助于增加吸收材料与液体流出物接触的表面积,并因此支持液体流出物的快速吸收。
SAP可具有在45μm至4000μm范围内的粒度,更具体地具有在45μm至约2000μm,或约100μm至约1000,850或600μm范围内的粒度分布。颗粒形式的材料的粒度分布可如本领域中已知来测定,例如借助于干筛分析法(EDANA 420.02“Particle Size”分配)。
在本文的一些实施例中,超吸收材料呈颗粒形式,具有多至2mm,或介于50微米和2mm或至1mm之间,或优选地100或200或300或400或500μm,或至1000或至800或至700μm的质量中值粒度;所述质量中值粒度可例如通过例如EP-A-0,691,133中所述的方法来测量。在本发明的一些实施例中,超吸收聚合物材料呈颗粒形式,所述颗粒中按重量计至少80%为具有介于50μm和1200μm之间的尺寸且具有介于上述任何范围组合之间的质量中值粒度的颗粒。此外,或在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述颗粒为大致上球形的。在本发明的另一个或附加实施例中,超吸收聚合物材料具有相对窄范围的粒度,例如其中大部分(例如至少80%或优选地至少90%或甚至至少95重量%)的颗粒具有在50μm和1000μm之间,优选地在100μm和800μm之间,并且更优选地在200μm和600μm之间的粒度。
合适的SAP可例如由US4,340,706和US5,849,816所述的反相悬浮聚合反应获得,或者由如美国专利申请2009/0192035、2009/0258994和2010/0068520所述的喷雾或其它气相分散聚合反应获得。在一些实施例中,合适的SAP可通过本领域现阶段的制备工艺获得,如更具体地由WO2006/083584,第12页第23行至第20页第27行中所述。
SAP表面可涂覆有例如阳离子聚合物。优选的阳离子聚合物可包含聚胺或聚亚胺材料。在一些实施例中,SAP可涂覆有脱乙酰壳多糖材料如在US7,537,832B2中公开的那些。在一些其它实施例中,SAP可包含混合床离子交换吸收聚合物,如WO 99/34841和WO 99/34842中所公开的那些。
吸收芯通常将包括仅一种类型的SAP,但不排除可使用SAP的共混物。可使用其“尿液渗透性测量”(UPM)值来量化超吸收聚合物的流体渗透性,所述值在欧洲专利申请号EP12174117.7所公开的测试中测量。SAP的UPM可为例如至少10×10-7cm3.sec/g,或至少30×10-7cm3.sec/g,或至少50×10-7cm3.sec/g,或更高,例如至少80或100×10-7cm3.sec/g。流动特性也可通过改变在第二吸收层中使用的SAP量和分布进行调节。
就大多数吸收制品而言,液体排放主要在制品(具体地尿布)的前半部中进行。因此,制品的前半部(如由介于前边缘和在距前边缘或后边缘一半L的距离处设置的横向线之间的区域限定)可包括芯的大部分吸收容量。因此,至少60%的SAP,或至少65%,70%,75%或80%的SAP可存在于吸收制品的前半部中,剩余的SAP设置在吸收制品的后半部中。
存在于吸收芯中的SAP总量也可根据期望的使用者而变化。用于新生儿的尿布可比婴儿尿布或成人失禁尿布需要较少的SAP。芯中的SAP量可例如占约5至60g,具体地5至50g。SAP的沉积区域8(或者如果存在多个,则“至少一个”)内的平均SAP基重可以为例如至少50、100、200、300、400、500g/m2或更多。由吸收材料沉积区域推导存在于吸收材料沉积区域8中的通道区域以计算该平均基重。
芯包裹物(16,16’)
芯包裹物可由围绕吸收材料折叠的单一基底制成,或可有利地包括附接到另一个的两个(或更多个)基底。典型的附接件为所谓的C形包裹物和/或夹心包裹物。在C形包裹物中,如图2和7示例性所示,基底中的一个的纵向边缘和/或横向边缘被折叠到另一个基底上以形成翼片。然后这些翼片通常通过胶粘粘结到另一个基底的外表面。
芯包裹物可由适用于接收并包括吸收材料的任何材料形成。可使用用于制备常规芯的典型的基底材料,具体地,纸、薄纸、膜、织造织物或非织造织物、或任何这些材料的层合体。芯包裹物可具体地由非织造纤维网形成,诸如梳理非织造织物、纺粘非织造织物(“S”)或熔喷非织造织物(“M”)、以及这些中任何织物的层合物。例如,熔纺聚丙烯非织造织物是合适的,尤其是具有层压纤维网SMS、或SMMS或SSMMS结构,并具有约5gsm至15gsm基重范围的那些。合适的材料例如公开于US7,744,576、US2011/0268932A1、US2011/0319848A1或US2011/0250413A1中。可使用由合成纤维诸如PE、PET,尤其是PP所提供的非织造材料。
如果芯包裹物包括第一基底16和第二基底16’,则其可由相同类型的材料制成,或可由不同的材料制成,或者一个基底可与另一个以不同的方式进行处理以向其提供不同的特性。因为用于非织造织物制备的聚合物是固有疏水的,如果置于吸收芯的流体接收侧上,它们优选地涂覆有亲水性涂层。有利的是,芯包裹物的顶侧面,即在吸收制品中更靠近穿着者放置的侧面,比芯包裹物的底侧面更具亲水性。一种制备具有耐久亲水性涂层的非织造织物的可能方法是,通过将亲水单体和自由基聚合引发剂施涂到非织造织物上,并且进行通过紫外光所激发的聚合作用,从而导致单体化学地结合到非织造织物的表面上。一种制备具有耐久亲水性涂层的非织造织物的另选的可能方法是用亲水性纳米颗粒来涂覆非织造织物,例如,如WO 02/064877中所述。
永久性地亲水性非织造织物也可用于一些实施例中。如US7744576(Busam等人)所述,表面张力可用于测量获得的某种亲水性水平的持久性。如US7744576所述,液体透湿可用于测量亲水性水平。当用盐水溶液润湿时,第一和/或第二基底可具体地具有至少55,优选地至少60,还更优选至少65mN/m或更高的表面张力。基底也可具有对液体的第五涌流小于5s的液体透湿时间。这些值可使用US7,744,576B2:“Determination OfSurfaceTension”和“Determination of Strike Through”分别所述的测试方法来测量。
亲水性和可润湿性通常根据流体例如通过非织造织物的接触角和透湿时间来定义。在由Robert F.Gould编辑的名称为“Contact angle,wettabilityand adhesion”的美国化学学会出版物(1964版权所有)中对此进行了详细的讨论。可认为水和基底表面之间的接触角较小的基底比另一种基底更具亲水性。
所述基底还可以为透气的。因此可用于本文的膜可包括微孔。基底可具有例如40或50至300或至200m3/(m2x min)的透气率,所述透气率按EDANA方法140-1-99(125Pa,38.3cm2)测定。芯包裹物的材料可另选具有较低的透气率,例如为非透气的,以例如有利于对移动表面的处理,包括真空。
如果芯包裹物由两个基底16,16’形成,则通常可使用四个密封件将吸收材料60包封在芯包裹物内。例如,第一基底16可置于芯的一个侧面(如图所示的顶侧面)上并围绕芯的纵向边缘延伸以至少部分地包裹芯的相对底侧面。第二基底16’通常存在于第一基底16的包裹的翼片和吸收材料60之间。第一基底16的翼片可胶粘到第二基底16’以提供强效密封。与夹心密封件相比,该所谓的C-包裹物构造可提供有益效果,诸如在润湿加载状态下改善的耐破裂性。然后,芯包裹物的前侧面和后侧面也可例如通过将第一基底和第二基底彼此胶粘来密封,从而在芯的整个周边上提供对吸收材料的完全包封。对于芯的前侧面和后侧面,第一基底和第二基底可在基本上平面方向上延伸并接合在一起,从而对于这些边缘形成所谓的夹心构造。在所谓的夹心构造中,第一基底和第二基底也可在芯的所有侧上向外延伸并沿芯周边的全部或部分平坦密封,通常通过胶粘和/或热/压力粘结来密封。通常第一基底和第二基底均不需要成形,使得它们可被矩形切割以方便制备,但是当然其它形状也是可能的。
术语“密封”旨在被广义地理解。密封不需要沿芯包裹物的整个周边是连续的,而是沿其部分或全部可以为不连续的,诸如由在一条线上间隔的一系列密封点形成。通常,密封可由胶粘和/或热粘结形成。芯包裹物也可由单一基底形成,所述基底可将吸收材料包封在包裹物中,并可例如沿芯的前侧面和后侧面以及一个纵向密封件来密封。
吸收材料沉积区域8
从吸收芯的顶侧面观察,吸收材料沉积区域8可由如下层的周边限定,所述层由芯包裹物内的吸收材料60形成。吸收材料沉积区域8可采用各种形状,具体地显示所谓的“狗骨”或“沙漏”形状,其表现出沿其宽度朝芯的中部或“裆”区的渐缩。这样,吸收材料沉积区域在芯的旨在置于吸收制品裆区中的区域中可具有相对窄的宽度,如图1所示。这可提供例如更好的穿着舒适性。吸收材料沉积区域8可因此在其最窄点处具有小于约100mm、90mm、80mm、70mm、60mm、或甚至小于约50mm的宽度(在横向上测量)。该最窄宽度还可比所述沉积区域在沉积区域8的前区和/或后区中的其最大点处的宽度小例如至少5mm,或至少10mm。吸收材料沉积区域8也可为大致矩形的,例如如图4-6所示,但也可使用其它沉积区域,诸如“T”或“Y”或“沙漏”或“狗骨”形状。
SAP的基重(每单位表面的沉积量)也可沿沉积区域8变化以产生吸收材料(具体地SAP)在芯的纵向、横向、或这两个方向上的异形分布。从而沿芯的纵向轴线,以及沿横向轴线或平行于这些轴线中任一个的任何轴线,吸收材料的基重可以变化。相对高基重的区域中的SAP基重可因此比相对低基重区域中的SPA基重高例如至少10%、或20%、或30%、或40%、或50%。具体地,相比于吸收材料沉积区域8的另一个区域,在裆点C的纵向位置处存在于吸收材料沉积区域中的SAP可具有每单位表面沉积的更多的SAP。
可使用已知的技术沉积吸收材料,所述技术可允许以相对高的速度相对精确地沉积SAP。具体地,可使用如例如US2006/24433(Blessing)、US2008/0312617和US2010/0051166A1(均授予Hundorf等人)所公开的SAP印刷技术。这种技术使用印刷辊以将SAP沉积在基底上,该基底设置在可包括多个交叉条的支撑件的网格上,该多个交叉条基本上彼此平行并彼此间隔地延伸以形成在多个交叉条之间延伸的通道。这种技术允许高速并精确地将SAP沉积在基底上。可例如通过如下方法来形成该吸收芯的通道:修改网格图案和接收转筒,使得无SAP被施加在对应于通道的区域中。EP专利申请号11169396.6更详细地公开了该修改。
通道26,26’
该吸收芯包括至少一个通道,所述通道至少部分地在芯的纵向上取向。在下文中,复数形式的“通道”将用来表示“至少一个通道”。通道可按各种方式来形成。例如,通道可由吸收材料沉积区域内的基本上不含或完全不含吸收材料(具体地SAP)的区形成。此外或另选地,通道也可如下形成:通过吸收材料沉积区域将形成芯包裹物的顶侧面的材料连续地或不连续地粘结到形成芯包裹物的底侧面的材料。通道可有利地为连续的,但不排除通道为间歇的。采集-分配系统或顶片和吸收芯或制品的另一个层之间的任何子层也可包括通道,它们可或可不对应于吸收芯的通道。通道可具体地被完全涵盖在吸收材料沉积区域8内。
一个或多个通道可具体地存在于制品的裆区内,具体地至少与裆点C处在相同的纵向水平,如图1由两个纵向延伸的通道26,26’所示。一些通道也可从裆区延伸到芯的后区和/或前区中,或可仅仅存在于芯的前区和/或后区中,如图1由较小通道27,27’所示。
吸收芯28也可包括超过两个通道,例如至少3个,或至少4个或至少5个或至少6个通道。较短通道也可存在于例如芯的后区或前区中,如图1中朝芯前部的一对通道27,27’所示。通道可包括相对于纵向轴线80’对称地布置的一对或多对通道。
当吸收材料沉积区域为矩形时,通道可尤其用于吸收芯,因为通道可改善芯的柔韧性至在使用非矩形的(成形的)芯时优势较小的程度。当然,通道也可存在于具有成形沉积区域的SAP层中。
通道可基本上纵向延伸,这通常是指每个通道在纵向上比在横向上延伸得更多,并且通常在纵向上延伸为在横向上至少两倍那么多(在投射到相应轴线上之后测量)。通道可具有投射在芯的纵向轴线80’上的长度L’,该长度为吸收制品的长度L的至少10%。可为有利的是,通道中的至少一些或全部不是在芯中完全或基本上完全横向取向的通道。
通道可为完全纵向取向的并平行于纵向轴线,但也可为弯曲的。具体地,一些或所有通道,具体地存在于裆区中的通道,可朝纵向轴线80’为凹形的,如例如图1和6对于一对通道26,26’所示。曲率半径通常可至少等于吸收材料沉积区域8的平均横向尺寸(且优选地为该平均横向尺寸的至少1.5或至少2.0倍);并且也是直的,但与平行于纵向轴线的线成(例如从5°)多至30°,或例如多至20°,或多至10°的角度。曲率半径对于通道可为恒定的,或可沿其长度变化。这也可包括其中具有角度的通道,前提条件是通道的两个部分之间的所述角度为至少120°,优选地至少150°;并且在任何这些情况下,前提条件是通道的纵向延伸量超过横向延伸量。通道也可为分支的,例如与裆区中的纵向轴线叠加的中心通道朝制品的后部和/或朝前部分支。
在一些实施例中,不存在与芯的纵向轴线80’重合的通道。当作为相对于纵向轴线的对称对存在时,通道可在它们的整个纵向尺寸上彼此间隔开。最小间距可为例如至少5mm,或至少10mm,或至少16mm。
此外,为了减小流体渗漏的风险,纵向主通道通常不延伸多至吸收材料沉积区域8的任何边缘,并因此完全被涵盖在芯的吸收材料沉积区域内。通常,通道和吸收材料沉积区域的最近边缘之间的最小距离为至少5mm。
通道沿其长度的至少一部分可具有宽度Wc,所述宽度为至少2mm,或至少3mm或至少4mm,至多例如20mm,或16mm或12mm。通道的宽度可在通道的基本上整个长度上为恒定的或可沿其长度变化。
至少一些或全部通道有利地为持久通道,这意味着它们的完整性在干燥状态和润湿状态下均被至少部分地保持。持久通道可通过提供一个或多个粘合剂材料来获得,例如粘合剂材料纤维层或帮助在通道壁内将例如基底与吸收材料粘附的构造胶。持久通道也可具体地通过将芯包裹物的上侧和下侧(例如第一基底16和第二基底16’)通过通道粘结在一起而形成。通常,粘合剂能够用来通过通道粘结芯包裹物的这两个侧面,但有可能经由其它已知的方式诸如压力粘结、超声粘结或热粘结或它们的组合来粘结。可沿通道连续地粘结或间歇地粘结芯包裹物。当吸收制品被流体完全加载时,如下文的“润湿通道完整性测试”所公开,通道可有利地保留或变得至少透过顶片和/或底片为可见的。这可通过制备基本上不含SAP的通道来获得,因此它们不溶胀,并且足够大使得它们在润湿时将不闭合。此外,通过通道将芯包裹物粘结到其自身也可为有利的。下述“润湿通道完整性测试”可用来测试通道是否在润湿饱和后是持久且可见的并且至何种程度后是持久且可见的。有利地,根据本发明的持久通道具有根据下述“湿通道完整性测试”测量的至少20%,或30%,或40%,或50%,或60,或70%,或80%,或90%的完整性百分比。
阻挡腿箍34
该吸收制品可包括一对阻隔腿箍34和/或衬圈箍32。US3,860,003描述了提供可收缩腿部开口的一次性尿布,所述腿部开口具有侧翼和一个或多个弹性构件以提供弹性化腿箍(衬圈箍)。授予Aziz等人的US4,808,178和US4,909,803描述了具有“直立”弹性侧翼(阻挡腿箍)的一次性尿布,所述侧翼改善腿部区域的抑制性。分别授予Lawson和Dragoo的US4,695,278和US4,795,454描述了具有双箍(包括衬圈箍和阻挡腿箍)的一次性尿布。阻挡腿箍和/或衬圈箍中的全部或一部分可用洗剂处理。
阻隔腿箍32可由一片材料,通常为非织造织物形成,其部分地粘结到制品的剩余部分,使得材料(阻挡腿箍)的一部分在制品被拉平时可从由顶片限定的平面局部突起并直立,如例如图1所示。阻挡腿箍可在靠近穿着者的躯干和腿部的接合处提供对液体和其它身体流出物的改善的抑制性。阻挡腿箍至少部分地在纵向轴线的相对侧上的尿布的前边缘和后边缘之间延伸,并且至少部分地存在于裆点(C)的纵向位置处。阻挡腿箍由接合到制品的剩余部分(通常顶片和/或底片)的近侧边缘64以及自由的端边66界定,其旨在接触穿着者皮肤并形成密封件。阻挡腿箍在近侧边缘64处通过粘结部65与制品的基础结构接合,所述粘结部可例如由胶粘、熔融粘结或已知粘结方式的组合而制成。近侧边缘64处的粘结部65可以为连续或间歇的。最靠近阻隔腿箍32的凸起段的粘结部65的一侧界定腿箍的直立段的近侧边缘64。
阻隔腿箍32的近侧边缘64之间的距离(通常在粘结部65的内侧之间测量)在裆点(C)处限定制品的干宽度Wd和湿宽度Ww。对于婴儿尿布,在阻隔腿箍的近侧边缘之间测量的干宽度Wd通常可在70mm至200mm范围内。图3示出了在被加载了液体之后的图2的制品。湿宽度Ww通常可小于干宽度Wd,因为本发明的吸收芯可在润湿时侧向回缩,同时朝顶片和底片膨胀。
阻隔腿箍32可与顶片或底片为一体的,或更典型地可由接合到制品剩余部分的独立材料形成。通常,阻挡腿箍的材料可延伸通过尿布的整个长度,但朝向制品的前边缘和后边缘“粘性粘结”到顶片,使得在这些段中,阻挡腿箍材料保持与顶片齐平。每个阻挡腿箍34可包括靠近该自由端边66的一个、两个或更多个弹性带35,以提供更好的密封。
除了阻隔腿箍34以外,该制品还可包括衬圈箍32,所述衬圈箍接合到吸收制品的基础结构(具体地顶片和/或底片),并可相对于阻隔腿箍放置在外部。衬圈箍可提供围绕穿着者的大腿的更好密封。通常每个衬圈腿箍将包括一个或多个弹性带或弹性元件,所述弹性带或弹性元件包括在尿布的基础结构中,例如位于腿部开口区域中的顶片和底片之间。
采集-分配系统50
本发明的吸收制品包括采集-分配系统50(本文称为“ADS”)。ADS的功能是快速采集流体并以高效方式将其分配到吸收芯中。ADS可包括一个,两个或更多个层,条件是ADS不包括如下层,所述层包括至少50重量%的合成纤维并具有高于150gsm的基重。当ADS包括多个层时,这些层可粘结以形成复合层或保持为彼此或多或少紧密附接的离散层。当ADS包括两个层时,其可包括采集层52,例如基于合成纤维的相对低基重的非织造织物层;和分配层54,其可具有较高基重并包括至少50%的交联纤维素纤维,但本发明不限于该示例。
通常,ADS将不包括SAP,因为这可减慢对流体的采集和分配。现有技术公开了许多类型的采集-分配系统,参见例如WO2000/59430(Daley)、WO95/10996(Richards)、US5,700,254(McDowall)、WO02/067809(Graef)。ADS可包括(虽然不是必须如此)两个层:分配层和采集层,现在将更详细地举例说明它们。
分配层54
分配层54的功能是将侵害性流体液体铺展到制品内的较大表面上,使得能够更有效地使用芯的吸收容量。通常,分配层由基于合成纤维或纤维素纤维的非织造材料制成并具有较低密度。分配层的密度可根椐制品的压缩而有差别,但在0.30psi(2.07kPa)下测量时通常可在0.03至0.25g/cm3,具体地0.05至0.15g/cm3的范围内。分配层54也可为具有如按US5,137,537所公开的规程所指示地那样测量的25至60,优选地30至45的保水率值的材料。分配层可通常具有30至400g/m2,具体地100至300g/m2的平均基重。
分配层可例如包含至少50重量%的交联纤维素纤维。交联的纤维素纤维可为起褶皱的、加捻的、或卷曲的、或它们的组合(包括起褶皱的、加捻的、和卷曲的)。该类型的材料已在过去作为采集系统的一部分用于一次性尿布中,例如US 2008/0312622 A1(Hundorf)。交联纤维素纤维在产品包装或使用条件下(例如在婴儿重量下)提供较高的弹性和因此较高的第一吸收层抗压缩抗性。这向芯提供较高的空隙体积、渗透性和液体吸收,从而减少渗漏并改善干燥性。
适用于分配层的示例性化学交联的纤维素纤维在US5,549,791、US5,137,537、WO9534329或US2007/118087中公开。示例性交联剂包括聚羧酸诸如柠檬酸和/或聚丙烯酸诸如丙烯酸和马来酸共聚物。例如,交联纤维素纤维可具有基于纤维素葡糖酐摩尔计约0.5摩尔%至约10.0摩尔%的C2-C9多元羧酸交联剂,与所述纤维以纤维间酯交联键形式反应。C2-C9多元羧酸交联剂可选自:
-脂族和脂环族C2-C9多元羧酸,其具有至少三个羧基基团/分子;和
-脂族和脂环族C2-C9多元羧酸,其具有两个羧基基团/分子,并且具有位于羧基基团的一个或两个的α-β的碳-碳双键,其中在所述C2-C9多元羧酸交联剂中的一个羧基基团与第二羧基基团通过两个或三个碳原子分开。纤维可具体地具有基于纤维素葡糖酐摩尔计约1.5摩尔%至约6.0摩尔%的交联剂,它们与其以纤维间酯交联键形式反应。交联剂可选自柠檬酸、1,2,3,4丁烷四羧酸、和1,2,3丙烷三羧酸,具体地柠檬酸。
聚丙烯酸交联剂也可选自聚丙烯酸均聚物、丙烯酸共聚物、以及它们的混合物。纤维可具有基于干纤维重量计1.0重量%至10.0重量%,优选地3重量%至7重量%的这些交联剂,它们与其以纤维间交联键形式反应。交联剂可为聚丙烯酸聚合物,其具有500至40,000,优选地1,000至20,000的分子量。聚合聚丙烯酸交联剂可为丙烯酸和马来酸的共聚物,具体地其中丙烯酸与马来酸的重量比为10:1至1:1,优选地5:1至1.5:1。有效量的柠檬酸可与所述聚合聚丙烯酸交联剂进一步混合。
包括交联纤维素纤维的分配层可包括其它纤维,但该层可有利地包括按该层的重量计至少50%,或60%,或70%,或80%,或90%或甚至多至100%的交联纤维素纤维(包括交联剂)。此类混合的交联纤维素纤维层的示例可包括约70重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维、约10重量%的聚酯(PET)纤维、和约20重量%的未经处理的纸浆纤维。又如,交联纤维素纤维层可包含约70重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维、约20重量%的莱赛尔纤维、和约10重量%的PET纤维。又如,该层可包含约68重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维、约16重量%的未处理纸浆纤维、和约16重量%的PET纤维。又如,交联纤维素纤维层可包含约90重量%-100重量%的化学交联的纤维素纤维。
采集层52
吸收制品20可包括采集层52,其功能是快速地采集流体使其远离顶片以使为穿着者提供良好的干燥性。采集层52通常被直接置于顶片下方。如果存在,分配层可至少部分地设置在采集层下方。采集层通常可为非织造材料或可包含非织造材料,例如SMS或SMMS材料,其包括纺粘层、熔喷层和另外的纺粘层或梳理成网的化学粘结非织造材料。非织造材料可具体地被胶乳粘结。示例性上部采集层52公开于US7,786,341中。可使用梳理成网的树脂粘结的非织造织物,尤其是在所用的纤维为实心圆形或圆形且中空PET短纤维的情况下(6旦尼尔纤维和9旦尼尔纤维的50/50或40/60混合物)。示例性粘结剂为丁二烯/苯乙烯胶乳。非织物具有其可在转换加工生产线外部制造并以材料卷的形式储存和使用的优点。
另外可用的非织物描述在授予Cramer等人的美国专利6,645,569、授予Cramer等人的美国专利6,863,933、授予Rohrbaugh等人的美国专利7,112,621、和授予Cramer等人的共有专利申请US2003/148684与授予Cramer等人的US2005/008839中。
采集层52可由胶乳粘合剂例如苯乙烯-丁二烯胶乳粘合剂(SB胶乳)来稳定。用于获取此类晶格的方法是已知的,例如来自EP 149 880(Kwok)和US 2003/0105190(Diehl等人)。在某些实施例中,粘结剂可以按重量计超过约12%、约14%或约16%的量存在于采集层52中。SB胶乳可按以商品名GENFLOTM 3160购得(OMNOVA Solutions Inc.;Akron,Ohio)。
除了上述第一采集层之外,还可使用其它采集层。例如,薄纸层可置于第一采集层和分配层之间。与上述采集层相比,薄纸可具有增强的毛细管分布特性。薄纸和第一采集层可具有相同尺寸或可具有不同尺寸,例如与第一采集层相比,薄纸层还可在吸收制品的后部中延伸。亲水性薄纸的示例为13-15gsm高湿强度,由得自供应商Havix的纤维素纤维制成。
扣紧系统42,44
吸收制品可包括扣紧系统。扣紧系统可用于提供围绕吸收制品的周边的侧向张力,以将吸收制品保持在穿着者上,这对于胶粘尿布而言是典型的。该扣紧系统对于训练裤制品而言不是必需的,因为这些制品的腰区已经被粘结。扣紧系统通常包括扣件,诸如胶带突片、钩-环扣紧部件、联锁扣件诸如插片&狭槽、扣环、纽扣、搭锁、和/或雌雄同体扣紧部件,虽然任何其它已知的扣紧装置一般也是可接受的。着陆区通常设置在前腰区上以用于待可释放地附接的扣件。一些示例性表面扣紧系统公开于授予Buell的US 3,848,594、US4,662,875、US 4,846,815、US4,894,060、US4,946,527、US5,151,092和US 5,221,274中。示例性联锁扣紧系统公开于US6,432,098中。扣紧系统也可提供用于以配置构型保持制品的部件,如授予Robertson等人的美国专利US 4,963,140所公开的。
扣紧系统还可包括主扣紧系统和辅扣紧系统,如US4,699,622中所公开的,以减少重叠部分的位移或改善贴合性,如US5,242,436、US5,499,978、US5,507,736和US5,591,152中所公开的。
前耳片46和后耳片40
吸收制品可包括如本领域所已知的前耳片46和后耳片40。所述耳片可以为基础结构的整体部分,例如以侧片形式由顶片和/或底片形成。另选地,如图1所示,其可以为通过胶粘和/或热压花或压力粘结而附接的独立元件。后耳片40有利地是可拉伸的,以有助于插片42附接在着陆区40上,并将胶粘尿布保持在围绕穿着者腰部的适当位置。后耳片40还可以为弹性或可延展的,以通过初始适形地配合吸收制品来为穿着者提供更舒适和适形性贴合,并且当吸收制品负载有流出物时在整个穿着期间维持该贴合性,因为弹性化耳片允许吸收制品的侧边伸展和收缩。
弹性腰部结构
吸收制品还可包括至少一个弹性腰部结构(未示出),其有助于提供改善的贴合性和抑制性。弹性腰部结构通常旨在弹性伸展和收缩以动态地贴合穿着者的腰部。弹性腰部结构优选地从吸收芯28的至少一个腰部边缘至少沿纵向向外延伸,并通常形成吸收制品的端边的至少一部分。可构造一次性尿布使得具有两个弹性腰部结构,一个定位于前腰区中而另一个定位于后腰区中。弹性腰部结构可被构造成许多不同的构型,包括描述于US4,515,595、US4,710,189、US5,151,092和US 5,221,274中的那些。
各层之间的关系
通常相邻层和部件将使用常规的粘结方法诸如通过槽式涂布或喷涂到层的整个或部分表面上的粘合剂涂层,或热粘结、或压力粘结或它们的组合而接合在一起。为清楚和易读起见,图中未示出该粘结(除了腿箍65的凸起元件与顶片24之间的粘结之外),但应当认为存在制品各层之间的粘结,除非具体地排除。粘合剂可通常用于改善不同层之间,例如底片和芯包裹物之间的粘附。所述胶可为本领域已知的任何标准热熔融胶。
如果存在采集层52,则可能有利的是该采集层在纵向尺寸和/或横向尺寸上大于分配层54或至少与分配层54一样大。因此,分配层52可沉积于采集层上。这简化了处理,尤其是如果采集层为可从库存材料卷展开的非织造织物时。分配层还可直接沉积在芯包裹物的吸收芯的上侧或制品的其它层上。另外,采集层52大于分配层还允许将采集层直接胶粘到储存芯(在较大区域处)。这能够赋予增大的补片完整性和更好的液体连通。
吸收芯且具体地其吸收材料沉积区域8可有利地至少与采集-分配系统(ADS)一样大和长,并有利地至少部分地大于和/或长于采集-分配系统。这是由于芯中的吸收材料通常可比ADS更有效地保持流体并比ADS在较大区域上提供干燥有益效果。吸收制品可具有矩形SAP层和非矩形(成形的)ADS。吸收制品也可具有矩形(非成形的)ADS和矩形SAP层。
制备制品的方法
本发明的吸收制品可由本领域已知的任何常规方法制成。具体地,制品可手工制成或以高速在工业上生产。
实验设置
除非另外指定,本文所示的值根据下文所示的方法测量。除非另外指定,所有测量均是在21±2℃和50±20%RH下进行的。除非另外指明,在进行这些测试之前,应当将所有样本在这些条件下保持至少24小时以达到平衡。除非另外指明,应当对至少4个样本重复进行所有测量,并且指示所获得的平均值。
离心保留容量(CRC)
CRC测量超吸收聚合物颗粒在过量液体中自由溶胀所吸收的液体。CRC根据EDANA方法WSP 241.2-05来测量。
吸收制品厚度测试
设备:分辩率为0.01mm的Mitutoyo手动测径规--或等同的仪器。
接触脚:直径为17.0mm(±0.2mm)的平坦圆形脚。可将圆形砝码施加到所述脚上(例如,具有狭槽的砝码以有利于围绕仪器轴施加)以获得目标重量。选择脚和添加的砝码(包括轴)的总重量以向样品提供2.07kPa(0.30psi)的压力。如果存在向样本推送所述脚的弹簧,则从该设备上移除所述弹簧,使得实际上该设备施加2.07kPa的压力。
安装测径规,其中接触脚的下表面在水平面中,使得接触角的下表面接触约20×25cm的基板的平坦水平上表面的中心。在接触角搁置在基板上的情况下,标距设置成读数为零。
标尺:以mm为刻度的校准金属标尺。
秒表:精度为1秒
样本制备
如果吸收制品被提供于包装件中,则从包装件的中心区域移除待测试的样本制品。如果该包装件容纳多于4个的制品,则在该测试中不使用该包装件的每个侧面上的最外两个制品。如果该包装容纳多于4个但少于14个制品,则需要多于一个包装件的制品来完成该测试。如果该包装件容纳14个或更多的制品,则仅需要一个包装件的制品来进行测试。如果该包装件容纳4个或更少的制品,则测量包装件中的所有制品,并且需要多个包装件来进行测量。厚度的读取应当在从包装件中取出制品之后24±1小时进行。应当尽可能少地对产品进行物理操纵,并且物理操纵仅限于必要的样本制备。
切除或移除制品的阻止制品在测厚仪脚下被展平的任何弹性部件。这些可包括腿箍或腰带。根据需要,将裤型制品沿侧缝打开或切开。施用足够的张力以展平任何折叠/褶皱。注意不要接触和/或压缩吸收芯和ADS区域。
测量程序
将制品在台面上展平,使面向衣服侧朝下。在裆点C的纵向水平处,横跨制品的面向身体表面作出侧向线。
抬起测径规的接触脚并将制品放置在基板上,使面向衣服表面侧朝下,使得当被放低时,所述脚的中心位于裆点C处的标记的测量点上。
将所述脚轻轻下降到制品上并释放(确保在测量开始前校正成“0”)。在释放所述脚10秒之后,读取厚度值并精确到0.01mm。
对于每个测量点重复该程序。如果在测量点处存在折叠,则测量在最接近该点但不具有任何折叠的区域中进行。对于给定的产品,以这种方式测量十个制品,并且计算并记录平均厚度,其中精度为十分之一毫米。
湿厚度和压缩力(WCACF)测试
该测试测量a)饱和的吸收制品在一次标准化侧向压缩之后的厚度增加百分比;和b)将饱和的吸收制品侧向地压缩至40mm的宽度所需的力。“WCACF测试”旨在根据以下指示对吸收制品进行。
1.在制品的顶侧面上标记出吸收制品上的纵向轴线。当从顶部观察制品时,纵向轴线沿吸收制品的长度大致将制品的顶侧面划分成两个大致对称的部分,如图1示例性所示。制品的顶侧面为旨在朝穿着者放置的侧面。不确定的是,顶侧面通常比底侧面更具亲水性。可用任何笔来作标记,注意在作标记时不要损坏制品。
2.在该吸收制品的与纵向中心线相同的侧面上标记出裆线。裆线垂直于纵向轴线并与纵向轴线相交于等于五分之二(2/5)的吸收制品长度L的距离处。该距离是从吸收制品的前侧边测量的(参见图1的示例性例证)。裆线和纵向轴线的交点为裆点C。吸收制品的前侧边为制品的旨在朝吸收制品的前部放置的侧边。
3.然后将吸收制品浸没在大量过量的,例如5升浓度为9.00gNaCl/1000ml溶液的合成尿液“盐水溶液”中,所述盐水溶液是通过将适量的氯化钠溶解在蒸馏水中而制备的。所述容器必须足够大以适应于处于平坦构型的制品。在浸没期间,制品的标记的侧面朝上。
4.在放入所述盐水溶液中1分钟之后,取出吸收制品并抓住前侧边保持竖直10秒以进行沥干。
5.通过将其在水平表面上拉平而让吸收制品平衡10分钟,使顶侧面朝下。被置于制品的前侧边和后侧边上的夹钳可用来保持加载的制品平坦。
6.然后在裆点处测量压缩之前的加载的吸收制品的厚度,并记录为C初始。出于该目的,使用直径为17.0mm的压脚,并施加2.07kPa(0.30psi)的压力。在树脂玻璃板上展平吸收制品,使标记的侧面朝上,并且轻轻地放低压脚,使得其中心位于裆点C上。在所述脚和制品之间初始地接触之后30±2秒测量并记录厚度C初始,精确至0.1mm。
7.然后将加载的吸收制品(使其顶侧面朝上)固定在刚性塑料圆筒上,如图9示例性所示。圆筒600具有150mm(+-1mm)的直径d。首先经由先前施加于圆筒上的双面胶带或其它扣紧部件将制品的前侧边10的最后20.0mm(+-0.5mm)附接到最靠近操作者的圆筒的外表面,使得吸收制品可牢固地并可释放地附接到圆筒。然后将制品的后侧边12的最后20.0mm(+-0.5mm)以如下高度附接在圆筒的沿直径相对的外表面处,所述高度足以使裆点C与圆筒600的中心轴线610重合。
8.应当理解,圆筒需要足够地高,使得制品的后侧边可附接到它。
9.然后如下所详述地侧向压缩吸收制品。通过包括一对压缩板630,640的组件将压缩力施加于吸收制品,所述压缩板模拟在使用期间压缩吸收制品的腿部的部分。每个压缩板均应当具有90mm(+-1mm)×90mm(+-1mm)的尺寸。这些板可由如下任何合适的材料制成,所述材料可被成形为所需的平坦正方形形状(例如铝、树脂玻璃)。这些板应当被放置成彼此相对地对齐的。压缩板被放置成使得制品的顶侧面上的“裆线”和每个压缩板的几何中心对齐并处在水平面中。
10.以100mm/min的恒定速率朝裆点驱动每个压缩板(总闭合速度为200mm/min)。这两个压缩板之间的间隙起始时为140.0mm+-0.5mm,或更大的距离,如果制品的宽度如此要求的话,然后当吸收制品被压缩时收窄至40.0mm+-0.5mm的最终间隙。压缩板可例如使用诸如Zwick Z 1.0之类的设备或类似设备。测试仪器包括用于固定一个压缩板的右夹钳和用于固定另一个压缩板的左夹钳。该设备应当包括具有适当测量范围的测力传感器,例如多至100N并且精度为至少+/-0.01N。
11.一旦吸收制品被压缩至40mm,就保持压缩30秒。在所述30秒结束时在释放压缩之前立即记录所述力,精确至0.01N,并记录为“湿法压缩力”。然后对于每个板,可使压缩板以100mm/min的速度返回到它们的初始位置。
12.其后立即从圆筒600取下吸收制品,注意不要触碰已被压缩的区域。如果在压缩步骤期间有一些吸收材料渗漏出了制品包裹物,则收集并称重所渗漏出的吸收材料。
13.再次使用如上文在步骤6中所述的厚度测量规程来测量裆点C处的厚度。将该厚度值记录为C最终。
对至少4个制品样本重复进行该规程。然后如下计算吸收制品的“相对湿厚度增加”(RWCI):
相对湿厚度增加(%)=(ΣC最终-ΣC初始)*100/ΣC初始
其中ΣC最终为所测量的所有样本的C最终值的总和,并且ΣC初始为所测量的所有样本的C初始值的总和。根据本发明的制品的“相对湿厚度增加”值小于32.0%,具体地其可在10.0%至30.0%,或15.0%至29.0%的范围内。
实验
根据本发明制备了以下产品:
发明实例1
制备了具有成形的吸收材料沉积区域和两对通道的尿布,其类似于表示图1的实施例的尿布,具有以下规格。一对通道相对较长并主要存在于制品的裆区中,并且另一对通道较小并朝制品的前部放置。通道不含吸收材料,并且芯包裹物的顶侧面和底侧面通过这些通道附接在一起。通道的宽度为均匀地8mm,并且长通道和短通道在制品纵向轴线上的投射长度分别为约170mm和40mm。较长通道为弯曲的并朝制品的纵向中心线成凹形,如图1所示。较长通道之间的最小距离为约16mm。较短通道之间的最小距离为约14mm。较小通道也是略微弯曲的。
该吸收芯包含施加于沉淀区域中的总计11.53g的快速吸收SAP,所述沉积区域具有360mm的长度和成形的宽度轮廓,如图1所示。吸收材料沉积区域的宽度在沉积区域的前部和后部为110mm并且在吸收材料沉积区域的裆点处为90mm。SAP被分布成使得SAP的基重在裆区中比在前区高,并且朝后区更低。SAP在横向方向(“横向”或“CD”)上无异形分布。吸收芯通过如US2010/0051166A1所公开的SAP印刷技术形成,所述技术组合两个非织造基底,所述非织造基底各自支撑一个SAP层并具有施加于每个SAP层上的微纤维弹性胶,所述微纤维弹性胶将SAP层固定在基底上。这些非织造基底通过将上部基底C形包裹到下部基底上而形成芯包裹物。将辅助胶施加于下SAP层和其相应的下基底之间,所述辅助胶是用41个1mm宽的狭槽槽式涂布的,沿芯包裹物的整个长度(390mm),狭槽之间的距离为1mm。施加于每个SAP层上的微纤维胶(源自H.B.Fuller)以108mm的宽度和390mm的长度均匀地施加于每个SAP层上,0.211g的微纤维胶用于芯覆盖件侧面上,并且0.211g用于除尘层侧面上。通道通过使用限定通道形状的合适的印刷转筒来形成,关于如何形成通道的另外的信息可见于使用印刷的SAP技术的欧洲专利申请号EP12174117.7。
芯包裹物具有390mm的长度,在吸收芯的后部和前部具有长度为15mm的不含吸收材料的两个端片。芯的前端密封件和后端密封件被槽式胶粘在一起,胶槽具有从前端密封件算起的30mm的长度并从后端密封件算起的20mm的长度。芯包裹物的折叠宽度为120mm。芯包裹物包括两个非织造织物,顶部基底(图1中的16,还称为“芯覆盖件”)为10gsmSMMS非织造织物,其经表面活性剂处理成为亲水性的。下基底(图1中的16’,还称为“除尘层”)为11gsm SMMS非织造织物。芯覆盖件具有390mm的切割长度和165mm的切割宽度。除尘层具有390mm的切割长度和130mm的切割宽度。芯覆盖件围绕除尘层在芯的横向侧上C形包裹,并且除尘层的侧向边缘略微向上形成于芯的吸收材料的边缘上,使得折叠的芯包裹物的总体宽度为约120mm。
芯覆盖件和除尘层通过通道粘结在一起。所述粘结由上文所讨论的辅助微纤维胶形成。所述粘结为强效的。
采集-分配系统由采集层和分配层形成,所述采集层为60gsm胶乳粘结的非织造织物,具有298mm的长度和90mm的宽度,并且所述分配层为交联纤维素纤维,具有298mm的长度和80mm的宽度,具有181gsm的均匀基重。采集层使用槽式涂布胶粘到分配层,并且分配层使用槽式涂布胶粘到非织造芯覆盖件。顶片为12gsm非织造织物,并且底片为16gsm不可透过的膜。
腿箍为类似于图1-2所示那些的商业腿箍,并且在尿布的每个侧面上包括两个15gsm,478mm长和77mm宽的非织造织物。腿箍钉扎粘结在与前部相距100mm的距离处,并在与自由边缘相距4mm的距离处与尿布边缘的后部相距91mm。非织造织物沿它们的长度熔合粘结到顶片,沿它们的粘结线具有3mm的连续粘结宽度。还沿腿箍材料和顶片之间的连续粘结部施加1mm宽的胶槽。这些连续粘结部之间的距离为148mm(该距离对应于Wd)。衬圈箍(不凸起的箍的部分)为弹性化的,在箍的每个侧面上具有三条弹性粘合剂线(参见图中的33),始于与尿布的前边缘相距75mm处,并沿266mm的长度(对于所述两条最外线)和301mm的长度(对于最内线)延伸。凸起的阻隔腿箍为弹性化的,具有两个弹性部件(参见图中的35),它们各自靠近阻隔腿箍的末端边缘(参见图中的66)。这些弹性部件具有300%的预应变和119.5mm的收缩的切割长度。胶合的弹性长度为298mm。除非另外指明,尿布的所述各种部件均以常规方式装配,通常通过胶粘或熔合粘结装配。
发明实例2
该实例是以与实例1相同的方式制备的,差别如下。吸收材料(SAP)分配区域为矩形,具有110mm的SAP沉积宽度,并在吸收制品的裆区中包括仅一对不含吸收材料的通道,如图4-8示例性所示,并且SAP的总量为14.1g。通道相对于纵向轴线80为对称的,在其上具有约227mm的投射长度、约8mm的宽度并且彼此相距20mm的最短距离。与实例1的另一个差别是,除尘层为10gsm SMMS非织造织物。施加于每个SAP层上的微纤维胶(得自H.B.Fuller)以108mm的宽度和390mm的长度均匀地施加于每个SAP层上,0.211g的微纤维胶用于芯覆盖件侧面上,并且0.168g用于除尘层侧面上。辅助胶施加于上部SAP层和其上部基底之间。采集-分配系统由采集层和分配层形成,所述采集层为43gsm胶乳粘结的非织造织物,具有318mm的长度和90mm的宽度,并且所述分配层为290mm长且80mm宽的交联纤维素纤维,具有176gsm的均匀基重。
顶片为15gsm非织造织物,并且底片为16gsm不可透过的膜。如同先前的实例一样,芯覆盖件围绕除尘层C形包裹,并且这两个层通过通道永久性地粘结。
比较例1
比较例是以与实例1相同的方式制备的,差别在于该吸收芯不包括通道。
现有产品
也测试了具有传统吸收芯的可商购获得的产品(它们均为尺码4),所述传统吸收芯包含SAP和高含量纤维素绒毛(>40%)的混合物。第一产品为2012年10月在德国购得的Pampers
Figure BDA0001396385510000351
第二产品为
Figure BDA0001396385510000352
品牌的竞争性尿布,在该吸收芯内具有不含材料的通道。
测试结果
对每种产品的至少4个样本测量了上述产品中每一种的“相对湿厚度增加”(RWCI)和“湿法压缩力”。
Figure BDA0001396385510000353
仅本发明的产品组合了低“相对湿厚度增加”与可接受的低于27.0N的“湿法压缩力”。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应被理解为严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,所公开的量纲“40mm”旨在表示“约40mm”。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于个人卫生的吸收制品(20),所述吸收制品具有前边缘(10)、后边缘(12)、在所述制品的纵向上延伸的纵向轴线(80),所述制品具有沿所述纵向轴线从所述前边缘至所述后边缘测量的至少320mm的长度L,所述吸收制品包括:
- 液体可透过的顶片(24),
- 液体不可透过的底片(25),
- 位于所述顶片和底片之间的吸收芯(28),所述吸收芯包括包封吸收材料(60)的芯包裹物(16, 16'),其中所述吸收材料包含按所述吸收材料的重量计至少80%的超吸收聚合物,其中所述吸收芯包括至少部分地在所述制品的纵向上取向的至少一个通道(26, 26'),
- 位于所述顶片和所述吸收芯之间的采集-分配系统,所述采集-分配系统包括一个,两个或更多个层,条件是所述采集-分配系统不包括包含至少50重量%的合成纤维并具有高于150gsm的基重的层,
-其中所述至少一个通道不含吸收材料,并且至少在所述通道的一些部分中具有至少2mm的宽度,
-其中所述芯包裹物包括第一非织造织物(16)和第二非织造织物(16'),并且其中所述第一非织造织物围绕所述第二非织造织物形成C形包裹物,
-其中不存在与所述纵向轴线重合的通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品具有通过“湿厚度和压缩力测试”测量的小于32.0%的“相对湿厚度增加”值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品具有通过“湿厚度和压缩力测试”测量的小于27.0N的“湿法压缩力”。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,包括至少一对通道(26, 26')。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中至少一个通道具有投射在所述制品的纵向轴线(80)上的长度,所述长度为所述吸收制品的长度L的至少10%。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述采集-分配系统包括至少一个分配层(54),所述至少一个分配层包含至少50重量%的交联纤维素纤维。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述芯包裹物内的所述吸收材料的周边限定吸收材料沉积区域(8),并且其中所述吸收材料沉积区域为矩形或被成形为具有在裆点处比所述吸收材料沉积区域的最大宽度窄的宽度,其中所述裆点被限定为在与所述吸收制品的前边缘相距五分之二(2/5)长度L的距离处放置在所述纵向轴线的点。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包括第一吸收层和第二吸收层、以及纤维热塑性粘合剂材料(51),所述第一吸收层包括第一基底(16)和第一超吸收聚合物层(61),所述第二吸收层包括第二基底(16')和第二超吸收聚合物层(62),所述纤维热塑性粘合剂材料至少部分地将所述超吸收聚合物层粘结到其相应基底,所述第一基底和所述第二基底形成所述芯包裹物。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收材料包含按所述吸收材料的总重量计至少90重量%的超吸收聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯的吸收材料(60)包含小于10重量%的天然纤维或合成纤维。
11.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述芯包裹物包括顶侧面和底侧面,并且所述顶侧面和所述底侧面通过所述至少一个通道的至少一部分彼此粘结,并且/或者其中所述至少一个通道具有通过“湿通道完整性测试”测量的至少20%的完整性百分比。
12.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯包含5g至60g的超吸收聚合物。
13.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中根据“吸收制品厚度测试”在裆点处测量的所述制品的厚度为5mm至12mm。
14.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,包括至少一对通道(26, 26'),其中所述一对通道中的通道相对于所述纵向轴线对称地设置。
15.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收芯的吸收材料(60)不含天然纤维或合成纤维。
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