Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to tricyclic heterocycles, and pharmaceutical compositions of the same, that are inhibitors of the enzyme FGFR and are useful in the treatment of FGFR-associated diseases such as cancer.
• the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors are receptor tyrosine kinases that bind to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligands.
• FGF fibroblast growth factor
• FGFR1-4 FGFR proteins that are capable of binding ligands and are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes including tissue development, angiogenesis, wound healing, and metabolic regulation.
• the receptors Upon ligand binding, the receptors undergo dimerization and phosphorylation leading to stimulation of the protein kinase activity and recruitment of many intracellular docking proteins.
• These interactions facilitate the activation of an array of intracellular signaling pathways including Ras-MAPK, AKT-PI3K, and phospholipase C that are important for cellular growth, proliferation and survival (Reviewed in Eswarakumar et al.
• carcinomas e.g., bladder, breast, colorectal, endometrial, gastric, head and neck, kidney, lung, ovarian, prostate
• hematopoietic malignancies e.g., multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and myeloproliferative neoplasms
• other neoplasms e.g., glioblastoma and sarcomas.
• FGFR activation has also been implicated in skeletal and chondrocyte disorders including, but not limited to, achrondroplasia and craniosynostosis syndromes.
• compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present disclosure is further directed to methods of inhibiting an FGFR enzyme (e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme) comprising contacting the enzyme with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• an FGFR enzyme e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme
• the present disclosure is further directed to a method of treating a disease associated with abnormal activity or expression of an FGFR enzyme (e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme), comprising administering a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof.
• an FGFR enzyme e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme
• the present disclosure is further directed to compounds of Formula (I) for use in treating a disease associated with abnormal activity or expression of an FGFR enzyme (e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme).
• the present disclosure is further directed to the use of compounds of Formula (I) in the preparation of a medicament for use in therapy.
• the present disclosure is further directed to a method for treating a disorder mediated by an FGFR enzyme (e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme), or a mutant thereof, in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof.
• an FGFR enzyme e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme
• a mutant thereof in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof.
• the present disclosure is further directed to a method for treating a disorder mediated by an FGFR enzyme (e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme), or a mutant thereof, in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to the patient a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with another therapy or therapeutic agent as described herein.
• an FGFR enzyme e.g., an FGFR3 enzyme
• R x is selected from methyl and Cl;
• Cy 1 is selected from Cy 1 -1 and Cy 1 -2;
• R 1 is selected from CH 2 OH, CH2CH 2 OH, CHF 2 , NH 2 , and CH 3 ;
• R 2 is selected from ethyl, -(C 1-4 alkyl)-OH, -(C 1-3 alkyl)-CN, (C 1-3 alkyl)-C(O)NH 2 ,
• R 2A is selected from CH 3 , C(0)CH 3 , C(0)CH 2 0CH 3 , and C(0)CH 2 0H;
• R 2B is selected from H, CN, CF 3 , and C(0)N(CH 3 ) 2 ; and
• R 2C is selected from H and F; provided that the compound is not:
• R x is methyl
• R x is Cl
• Cy 1 is Cy 1 -2:
• R 1 is selected from CH2CH 2 OH, CHF 2 , and NH2. In some embodiments, R 1 is selected from CH 2 OH and CH2CH 2 OH.
• R 1 is CH 2 OH. In some embodiments, R 1 is CH 2 CH 2 OH. In some embodiments, R 1 is CHF 2 . In some embodiments, R 1 is NH 2 . In some embodiments, R 1 is CH 3 .
• R 2 is selected from ethyl, CH(CH3)CH20H, CH2CH(CH3)OH, CH(CH3)CH 2 CN, C(CH3) 2 CN, CH(CH 3 )CN, C(CH3) 2 C(0)NH 2 , CH 2 C(0)N(CH3) 2 , and the following groups:
• R 2 is selected from ethyl, -(C 1-4 alkyl)-OH, -(C 1-3 alkyl)-CN, (Ci-3 alkyl)-C(0)NH 2 , -(C 1-4 alkyl)-C(0)N(CH 3 )2, and CH 2 CH 2 S(0)2CH3.
• R 2 is selected from ethyl, CH(CH3)CH 2 OH, CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OH, CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CN, C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, CH(CH 3 )CN, C(CH 3 ) 2 C(0)NH 2 , and CH 2 C(0)N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 2 is selected from the following groups:
• R 2 is selected from the following groups:
• R 2 is selected from the following groups:
• R 2 is selected from the following groups:
• R 2A is CH3.
• R 2A is selected from C(0)CH 3 , C(O)CH 2 0CH 3 , and C(O)CH 2 OH.
• R 2B is selected from CN, CF3, and C(0)N(CH 3 )2. In some embodiments, R 2B is H.
• R 2C is F.
• R 2C is H.
• the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula F or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R x is selected from methyl and Cl; Cy 1 is selected from
• R 2A is selected from CH 3 , C(0)CH 3 , C(0)CH 2 0CH 3 , and C(0)CH 2 0H;
• R 2B is selected from H, CN, CF 3 , and C(0)N(CH 3 ) 2 ; and R 2C is selected from H and F; provided that:
• R 2 is other than CFhCN, CF 2 CF 2 CN, CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 OH, C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH, CH 2 CH 2 OH, CH 2 CH 2 S(0) 2 CH 3 , and
• the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula Ila:
• the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula lib: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R x , R 1 , and R 2 are as defined herein.
• R x is selected from methyl and Cl
• Cy 1 is selected from
• R 1 is selected from CF2 O H, CH2CH 2 OH, CHF 2 , NF 2 , and CH 3 ;
• R 2 is selected from ethyl, CH(CH 3 )CH 2 OH, CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OH, CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CN, ps:
• R 2A is selected from CH 3 , C(0)CH 3 , C(0)CH 2 0CH 3 , and C(0)CH 2 0H;
• R 2B is selected from H, CN, CF 3 , and C(0)N(CH 3 ) 2 ; and
• R 2C is selected from H and F.
• R x is selected from methyl and Cl
• Cy 1 is selected from R 2A is selected from CH 3 , C(0)CH 3 , C(0)CH 2 0CH 3 , and C(0)CH 2 0H;
• R 2B is selected from H, CN, CF 3 , and C(0)N(CH 3 ) 2 ; and R 2C is selected from H and F.
• R x is CH 3 ;
• Cy 1 is selected from
• R 2A is selected from CH 3 , C(0)CH 3 , C(0)CH 2 0CH 3 , and C(0)CH 2 0H;
• R 2B is selected from H, CN, CF 3 , and C(0)N(CH 3 ) 2 ; and
• R 2C is selected from H and F.
• a compound of Formula I which is selected from:
• substituents of compounds of the disclosure are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the disclosure include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges.
• the term “Ci- 6 alkyl” is specifically intended to individually disclose methyl, ethyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, and Ce alkyl.
• each variable can be a different moiety independently selected from the group defining the variable.
• the two R groups can represent different moieties independently selected from the group defined for R.
• substituted means that an atom or group of atoms formally replaces hydrogen as a "substituent" attached to another group.
• substituted refers to any level of substitution, e.g ., mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- or penta-substitution, where such substitution is permitted.
• the substituents are independently selected, and substitution may be at any chemically accessible position. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom results in a chemically stable molecule.
• a single divalent substituent e.g., oxo, can replace two hydrogen atoms.
• Ci- 6 alkyl refers to an alkyl group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms.
• alkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon group that may be straight-chain or branched.
• An alkyl group formally corresponds to an alkane with one C-H bond replaced by the point of attachment of the alkyl group to the remainder of the compound.
• the alkyl group contains 1 to 6, 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• alkyl moieties include, but are not limited to, chemical groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-methyl- 1 -butyl, 3-pentyl, «-hexyl, 1,2,2- trimethylpropyl, and the like.
• the alkyl group is methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
• C i-j alkylene employed alone or in combination with other terms, means a saturated divalent linking hydrocarbon group that may be straight-chain or branched, having i to j carbons.
• the alkylene group contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or from 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
• alkylene moieties include, but are not limited to, chemical groups such as methylene, ethylene, 1,1- ethylene, 1,2-ethylene , 1,3-propylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,1 -propylene, isopropylene, and the like.
• cyano or "nitrile” refers to a group of formula -CoN, which also may be written as -CN.
• the compounds described herein can be asymmetric ( e.g ., having one or more stereocenters). All stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and diastereomers, are intended unless otherwise indicated.
• An example method includes fractional recrystallization using a chiral resolving acid which is an optically active, salt-forming organic acid.
• Suitable resolving agents for fractional recrystallization methods are, for example, optically active acids, such as the D and L forms of tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid or the various optically active camphorsulfonic acids.
• resolving agents suitable for fractional crystallization methods include stereoisomerically pure forms of methylbenzylamine (e.g., S and R forms, or diastereomerically pure forms), 2-phenylglycinol, norephedrine, ephedrine, N-methylephedrine, cyclohexylethylamine, 1,2- diaminocyclohexane, and the like.
• Resolution of racemic mixtures can also be carried out by elution on a column packed with an optically active resolving agent (e.g., dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine).
• an optically active resolving agent e.g., dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine
• Suitable elution solvent composition can be determined by one skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the disclosure have the (R )-configuration, In other embodiments, the compounds have the ( ⁇ -configuration.
• each of the chiral centers in the compound may be independently (R) or (S), unless otherwise indicated.
• Tautomeric forms result from the swapping of a single bond with an adjacent double bond together with the concomitant migration of a proton.
• Tautomeric forms include prototropic tautomers which are isomeric protonation states having the same empirical formula and total charge.
• Example prototropic tautomers include ketone - enol pairs, amide - imidic acid pairs, lactam - lactim pairs, enamine - imine pairs, and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system, for example, 1H- and 3H-imidazole, 1H-, 2H- and 4H- 1,2, 4-triazole, 1H- and 2H- isoindole, and 1H- and 2H-pyrazole.
• Tautomeric forms can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution.
• Compounds of the disclosure also include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the intermediates or final compounds.
• Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
• One or more constituent atoms of the compounds of the disclosure can be replaced or substituted with isotopes of the atoms in natural or non-natural abundance.
• the compound includes at least one deuterium atom.
• one or more hydrogen atoms in a compound of the present disclosure can be replaced or substituted by deuterium.
• the compound includes two or more deuterium atoms.
• the compound includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 deuterium atoms.
• Synthetic methods for including isotopes into organic compounds are known in the art (Deuterium Labeling in Organic Chemistry by Alan F. Thomas (New York, N.Y., Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1971; The Renaissance of H/D Exchange by Jens Atzrodt, Volker Derdau, Thorsten Fey and Jochen Zimmermann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 7744- 7765; The Organic Chemistry of Isotopic Labelling by James R. Hanson, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011). Isotopically labeled compounds can used in various studies such as NMR spectroscopy, metabolism experiments, and/or assays.
• compound as used herein is meant to include all stereoisomers, geometric iosomers, tautomers, and isotopes of the structures depicted.
• the term is also meant to refer to compounds of the disclosure, regardless of how they are prepared, e.g., synthetically, through biological process (e.g., metabolism or enzyme conversion), or a combination thereof.
• All compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be found together with other substances such as water and solvents (e.g., in the form of hydrates and solvates) or can be isolated.
• the compounds described herein and salts thereof may occur in various forms and may, e.g., take the form of solvates, including hydrates.
• the compounds may be in any solid state form, such as a polymorph or solvate, so unless clearly indicated otherwise, reference in the specification to compounds and salts thereof should be understood as encompassing any solid state form of the compound.
• the compounds of the disclosure, or salts thereof are substantially isolated.
• substantially isolated is meant that the compound is at least partially or substantially separated from the environment in which it was formed or detected.
• Partial separation can include, for example, a composition enriched in the compounds of the disclosure.
• Substantial separation can include compositions containing at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, or at least about 99% by weight of the compounds of the disclosure, or salt thereof. Methods for isolating compounds and their salts are routine in the art.
• phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• the present disclosure also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.
• examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure include the non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, or butanol) or acetonitrile (ACN) are preferred.
• non-aqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, or butanol) or acetonitrile (ACN) are preferred.
• ACN acetonitrile
• the compounds provided herein can be prepared using known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any of numerous possible synthetic routes.
• the reactions for preparing compounds of the disclosure can be carried out in suitable solvents which can be readily selected by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis.
• suitable solvents can be substantially nonreactive with the starting materials (reactants), the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g., temperatures which can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature.
• a given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent.
• suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected by the skilled artisan.
• Preparation of compounds of the disclosure can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups. The need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups, can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
• Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art.
• product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), or mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography.
• spectroscopic means such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or 13 C), infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), or mass spectrometry
• chromatography such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography.
• ambient temperature e.g. a reaction temperature
• room temperature e.g. a temperature that is about the temperature of the room in which the reaction is carried out, for example, a temperature from about 20 °C to about 30 °C.
• Compounds of formula S-10 can be prepared via the synthetic route as outlined in Scheme 1.
• Treatment of commercially available compound S-l with an appropriate reagent, such as phosphoryl chloride (POCl 3 ), at elevated temperature can afford the compound S-2.
• Chloride displacement of compound S-2 via nucleophilic substitution with aqueous ammonia at elevated temperature can deliver compound S-3.
• compounds S-6 can undergo a coupling reaction to an adduct of formula S-7, in which M is a boronic acid, a boronic ester or an appropriate reagent [e.g., M is B(OR)2, Sn(Alkyl) 3 , Zn-Hal, etc.], under standard Suzuki cross-coupling conditions (e.g., in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a suitable base)
• Compounds of the present disclosure can inhibit the activity of the FGFR enzyme.
• compounds of the present disclosure can be used to inhibit activity of an FGFR enzyme in a cell or in an individual or patient in need of inhibition of the enzyme by administering an inhibiting amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure to the cell, individual, or patient.
• Compounds of the present disclosure can be used to inhibit activity of the FGFR3 enzyme in a cell or in an individual or patient in need of inhibition of the enzyme by administering an inhibiting amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure to the cell, individual, or patient.
• Compounds of the present disclosure can be used to inhibit activity of the FGFR2 enzyme in a cell or in an individual or patient in need of inhibition of the enzyme by administering an inhibiting amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure to the cell, individual, or patient.
• Compounds of the present disclosure can be used to inhibit the activity of an FGFR3 and an FGFR2 enzyme in a cell or in an individual or patient in need of inhibition of the enzyme by administering an inhibiting amount of a compound of the disclosure to the cell, individual, or patient.
• the compounds of the present disclosure are useful in the treatment of various diseases associated with abnormal expression or activity of the FGFR enzyme or FGFR ligands.
• Compounds which inhibit FGFR will be useful in providing a means of preventing the growth or inducing apoptosis in tumors, particularly by inhibiting angiogenesis. It is therefore anticipated that compounds of the present disclosure will prove useful in treating or preventing proliferative disorders such as cancers.
• tumors with activating mutants of receptor tyrosine kinases or upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases may be particularly sensitive to the inhibitors.
• the disclosure provides a method for treating a FGFR- mediated disorder in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to said patient a compound according to the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof.
• diseases and indications that are treatable using the compounds of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to hematological cancers, sarcomas, lung cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, genitourinary tract cancers, liver cancers, bone cancers, nervous system cancers, gynecological cancers, and skin cancers.
• cancers that are treatable using the compounds of the present disclosure are selected from adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, skin cancer, thyroid cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Waldenstrom's Macroglubulinemia, hairy cell lymphoma, and Burkett's lymphoma.
• cancers that are treatable using the compounds of the present disclosure are selected from hepatocellular cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, esophageal cancer, gall bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Waldenstrom's Macroglubulinemia, hairy cell lymphoma, Burkett's lymphoma, glioblastoma, melanoma, and rhabdosarcoma.
• said cancer is selected from adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, glioma, head and neck cancer, lung cancer , ovarian cancer, leukemia, and multiple myeloma.
• cancers that are treatable using the compounds of the present disclosure are selected from hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, mesothelioma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, uterine cancer, and rhabdosarcoma.
• a cancer characterized by an FGFR2 and/or FGFR3 alteration includes bladder cancers (FGFR3 mutation or fusion), cholangiocarcinoma (FGFR2 fusion) and gastric cancer (FGFR2 amplification).
• Compounds of the invention can be used to treat cancer patients with FGFR2/3 alterations, including mutations, fusion, rearrangement, and amplification.
• FGFR2/3 alterations were found in a subset of cholangiocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, multiple myeloma, gastric adenocarcinoma, glioma, endometrial carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer.
• the compounds of the invention can be used to target patients progressing on pan-FGFR inhibitor treatment due to acquirement of gatekeeper mutations (V555M/L/F/I in FGFR3, V564M/L/F/I in FGFR2).
• Compounds of the invention can be used to treat cancer where FGFR2/3 signaling is involved in the resistance to other targeted therapies, for example, it has the potential to overcome resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER positive breast cancers.
• Exemplary hematological cancers include lymphomas and leukemias such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), mantle cell lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including relapsed or refractory NHL and recurrent follicular), Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative diseases (e.g., primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), 8pll myeloproliferative syndrome), myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS), T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL), multiple myeloma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, adult
• Exemplary sarcomas include chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, myxoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdosarcoma, fibroma, lipoma, harmatoma, lymphosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and teratoma.
• Exemplary lung cancers include non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma, pavicellular and non-pavicellular carcinoma, bronchial adenoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma.
• NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
• small cell lung cancer bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma, pavicellular and non-pavicellular carcinoma, bronchial adenoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma.
• Exemplary gastrointestinal cancers include cancers of the esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma), pancreas (exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, vipoma), small bowel (adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, fibroma), large bowel (adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma, leiomyoma), colorectal cancer, gall bladder cancer and anal cancer.
• esophagus squa
• Exemplary genitourinary tract cancers include cancers of the kidney (adenocarcinoma, Wilm's tumor [nephroblastoma], renal cell carcinoma), bladder and urethra (squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma), prostate (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma), testis (seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, interstitial cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatoid tumors, lipoma) and urothelial carcinoma.
• kidney adenocarcinoma, Wilm's tumor [nephroblastoma], renal cell carcinoma
• bladder and urethra squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
• prostate adenocarcinoma, sarcoma
• testis se
• liver cancers include hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma), cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, angiosarcoma, hepatocellular adenoma, and hemangioma.
• Exemplary bone cancers include, for example, osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma), fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma), multiple myeloma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, osteochronfroma (osteocartilaginous exostoses), benign chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxofibroma, osteoid osteoma, and giant cell tumors
• osteogenic sarcoma osteosarcoma
• fibrosarcoma malignant fibrous histiocytoma
• chondrosarcoma chondrosarcoma
• Ewing's sarcoma malignant lymphoma
• multiple myeloma malignant giant cell tumor chordoma
• osteochronfroma osteocart
• Exemplary nervous system cancers include cancers of the skull (osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, osteitis deformans), meninges (meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis), brain (astrocytoma, meduoblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma (pinealoma), glioblastoma, glioblastoma multiform, oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, congenital tumors, neuro-ectodermal tumors), and spinal cord (neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, sarcoma), neuroblastoma, Lhermitte-Duclos disease and pineal tumors.
• skull osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma,
• Exemplary gynecological cancers include cancers of the breast (ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, breast sarcoma, triple-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, papillary carcinoma), uterus (endometrial carcinoma), cervix (cervical carcinoma, pre -tumor cervical dysplasia), ovaries (ovarian carcinoma (serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, unclassified carcinoma), granulosa-thecal cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, dysgerminoma, malignant teratoma), vulva (squamous cell carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma), vagina (clear cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, botryoid sarcoma (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma), and fallopian tubes (car
• Exemplary skin cancers include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Merkel cell skin cancer, moles dysplastic nevi, lipoma, angioma, dermatofibroma, and keloids.
• Exemplary head and neck cancers include glioblastoma, melanoma, rhabdosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, nasal and paranasal cancers, thyroid and parathyroid cancers, tumors of the eye, tumors of the lips and mouth and squamous head and neck cancer.
• the compounds of the present disclosure can also be useful in the inhibition of tumor metastases.
• the compounds of the invention are useful in the treatment of skeletal and chondrocyte disorders including, but not limited to, achrondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, dwarfism, thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) (clinical forms TD I and TD II), Apert syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrate syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, and craniosynostosis syndromes.
• the present disclosure provides a method for treating a patient suffering from a skeletal and chondrocyte disorder.
• compounds described herein can be used to treat Alzheimer’s disease, HIV, or tuberculosis.
• 8pl 1 myeloproliferative syndrome is meant to refer to myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of FGFR1.
• an ex vivo cell can be part of a tissue sample excised from an organism such as a mammal.
• an in vitro cell can be a cell in a cell culture.
• an in vivo cell is a cell living in an organism such as a mammal.
• contacting refers to the bringing together of indicated moieties in an in vitro system or an in vivo system.
• “contacting” the FGFR enzyme with a compound described herein includes the administration of a compound described herein to an individual or patient, such as a human, having FGFR, as well as, for example, introducing a compound described herein into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing the FGFR enzyme.
• the term “individual” or “patient,” used interchangeably, refers to any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.
• the phrase “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent such as an amount of any of the solid forms or salts thereof as disclosed herein that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
• An appropriate "effective" amount in any individual case may be determined using techniques known to a person skilled in the art.
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is used herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• the phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, solvent, or encapsulating material. Excipients or carriers are generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and include excipients or carriers that are acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. In one embodiment, each component is "pharmaceutically acceptable” as defined herein.
• treating refers to inhibiting the disease; for example, inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e. dinner arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology) or ameliorating the disease; for example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e. termed reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing the severity of disease.
• One or more additional pharmaceutical agents or treatment methods such as, for example, anti-viral agents, chemotherapeutics or other anti-cancer agents, immune enhancers, immunosuppressants, radiation, anti-tumor and anti-viral vaccines, cytokine therapy (e.g .,
• IL2, GM-CSF, etc), and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be used in combination with compounds described herein for treatment of FGFR-associated diseases, disorders or conditions, or diseases or conditions as described herein.
• the agents can be combined with the present compounds in a single dosage form, or the agents can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms.
• a combination can include one or more inhibitors of the following kinases for the treatment of cancer: Aktl, Akt2, Akt3, TGF- ⁇ R, Pirn, PKA, PKG, PKC, CaM-kinase, phosphorylase kinase, MEKK, ERK, MAPK, mTOR, EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4, INS-R, IGF-1R, IR-R, PDGF ⁇ R, PDGF ⁇ R, CSFIR, KIT, FLK-II, KDR/FLK- 1, FLK-4, flt-1, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, c-Met, Ron, Sea, TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, FLT3, VEGFR/Flt2, Flt4, EphAl, EphA
• solid forms of the FGFR inhibitor as described herein can be combined with inhibitors of kinases associated with the PIK3/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, such as PI3K, Akt (including Aktl, Akt2 and Akt3) and mTOR kinases.
• inhibitors of kinases associated with the PIK3/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway such as PI3K, Akt (including Aktl, Akt2 and Akt3) and mTOR kinases.
• compounds described herein can be used in combination with one or more inhibitors of the enzyme or protein receptors such as HPK1, SBLB, TUT4, A2A/A2B, CD47, CDK2, STING, ALK2, LIN28, ADARl, MAT2a, RIOK1, HDAC8, WDR5, SMARCA2, and DCLK1 for the treatment of diseases and disorders.
• exemplary diseases and disorders include cancer, infection, inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.
• compouds described herein can be used in combination with a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator.
• epigenetic regulators include bromodomain inhibitors, the histone lysine methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl transferases, histone demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone acetylases, and DNA methyltransferases.
• Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, e.g ., vorinostat.
• JAK kinase inhibitors Rosolitinib, additional JAK1/2 and JAK 1 -selective, baricitinib or INCB39110
• Pirn kinase inhibitors e.g., LGH447, INCB053914 and SGI-1776
• PI3 kinase inhibitors including PI3K-delta selective and broad spectrum PI3K inhibitors (e.g., INCB50465 and INCB54707), PI3K- gamma inhibitors such as PI3K-gamma selective inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, CSF1R inhibitors (e.g., PLX3397 and LY3022855), TAM receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors (Tyro- 3, Axl, and Mer; e.g., INCB81776), angiogenesis inhibitors, interleukin receptor inhibitors
• JAK kinase inhibitors Rosolitinib, additional JAK1/2 and J
• compounds described herein can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, agonists or antagonists of nuclear receptors, or other anti-proliferative agents.
• Compounds described herein can also be used in combination with a medical therapy such as surgery or radiotherapy, e.g. , gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes.
• chemotherapeutic agents include any of: abarelix, abiraterone, afatinib, aflibercept, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, altretamine, amidox, amsacrine, anastrozole, aphidicolon, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, axitinib, azacitidine, bevacizumab, bexarotene, baricitinib, bendamustine, bicalutamide, bleomycin, bortezombi, bortezomib, brivanib, buparlisib, busulfan intravenous, busulfan oral, calusterone, camptosar, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, cediranib, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofar
• Cancer cell growth and survival can be impacted by dysfunction in multiple signaling pathways.
• Targeting more than one signaling pathway (or more than one biological molecule involved in a given signaling pathway) may reduce the likelihood of drug-resistance arising in a cell population, and/or reduce the toxicity of treatment.
• One or more additional pharmaceutical agents such as, for example, chemotherapeutics, anti-inflammatory agents, steroids, immunosuppressants, immune- oncology agents, metabolic enzyme inhibitors, chemokine receptor inhibitors, and phosphatase inhibitors, as well as targeted therapies such as Bcr-Abl, Flt-3, EGFR, HER2, JAK, c-MET, VEGFR, PDGFR, c-Kit, IGF-1R, RAF, FAR, CDK2, and CDK4/6 kinase inhibitors such as, for example, those described in WO 2006/056399 can be used in combination with the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure for treatment of cancers and solid tumors.
• Other agents such as therapeutic antibodies can be used in combination with the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure for treatment of cancers and solid tumors.
• the one or more additional pharmaceutical agents can be administered to a patient simultaneously or sequentially.
• the treatment methods as disclosed herein can be used in combination with one or more other enzyme/protein/receptor inhibitors therapies for the treatment of diseases, such as cancer and other diseases or disorders described herein.
• the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure can be combined with one or more inhibitors of the following kinases for the treatment of cancer: Aktl, Akt2, Akt3, BCL2, CDK2, CDK4/6, TGF- ⁇ R, PKA, PKG, PKC, CaM-kinase, phosphorylase kinase, MEKK, ERK, MAPK, mTOR, EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4, INS-R, IDH2, IGF-1R, IR-R, PDGF ⁇ R, PDGF ⁇ R, PI3K (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and multiple or selective), CSF1R, KIT, FLK-II, KDR/FLK-1, FLK-4, flt-1, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR
• Non-limiting examples of inhibitors that can be combined with the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure for treatment of cancer include an FGFR inhibitor (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 or FGFR4, e.g., pemigatinib (INCB54828), INCB62079), an EGFR inhibitor (also known as ErB-1 or HER-1; e.g. erlotinib, gefitinib, vandetanib, orsimertinib, cetuximab, necitumumab, or panitumumab), a VEGFR inhibitor or pathway blocker (e.g.
• a PARP inhibitor e.g., bevacizumab, pazopanib, sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, regorafenib, ponatinib, cabozantinib, vandetanib, ramucirumab, lenvatinib, ziv-aflibercept
• a PARP inhibitor e.g.
• olaparib rucaparib, veliparib or niraparib
• a JAK inhibitor e.g., JAK1 and/or JAK2, e.g., ruxolitinib, baricitinib, itacitinib (INCB39110), an LSDl inhibitor (e.g., INCB59872 and INCB60003), a TDO inhibitor, a PI3K-delta inhibitor (e.g., INCB50465 and INCB50797), a PI3K-gamma inhibitor such as PI3K-gamma selective inhibitor, a Pirn inhibitor (e.g., INCB53914), a CSF1R inhibitor, a TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer), an adenosine receptor antagonist (e.g., A2a/A2b receptor antagonist), an HPK1 inhibitor, a chemokine receptor inhibitor (e.
• CCR2 or CCR5 inhibitor a SHP1/2 phosphatase inhibitor
• a histone deacetylase inhibitor such as an HDAC8 inhibitor
• an angiogenesis inhibitor such as an angiogenesis inhibitor
• an interleukin receptor inhibitor such as an interleukin receptor inhibitor
• bromo and extra terminal family members inhibitors for example, bromodomain inhibitors or BET inhibitors such as INCB54329 and INCB57643
• c-MET inhibitors e.g., capmatinib
• an anti-CD19 antibody e.g, tafasitamab
• an ALK2 inhibitor e.g, INCB00928, or combinations thereof.
• the treatment methods described herein are combined with administration of a PI3K ⁇ inhibitor. In some embodiments, the treatment methods described herein are combined with administration of a JAK inhibitor. In some embodiments, the treatment methods described herein are combined with administration of a JAK1 or JAK2 inhibitor (e.g., baricitinib or ruxolitinib). In some embodiments, the treatment methods described herein are combined with administration of a JAK1 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the treatment methods described herein are combined with administration of a JAK1 inhibitor, which is selective over JAK2.
• Example antibodies that can be administered in combination therapy include, but are not limited to, trastuzumab (e.g, anti-HER2), ranibizumab (e.g, anti-VEGF-A), bevacizumab (AVASTINTM, e.g., anti-VEGF), panitumumab (e.g, anti-EGFR), cetuximab (e.g, anti- EGFR), rituxan (e.g, anti-CD20), and antibodies directed to c-MET.
• trastuzumab e.g, anti-HER2
• ranibizumab e.g, anti-VEGF-A
• bevacizumab AVASTINTM, e.g., anti-VEGF
• panitumumab e.g, anti-EGFR
• cetuximab e.g, anti- EGFR
• rituxan e.g, anti-CD20
• a cytostatic agent cisplatin, doxorubicin, taxotere, taxol, etoposide, irinotecan, camptostar, topotecan, paclitaxel, docetaxel, epothilones, tamoxifen, 5-fluorouracil, methoxtrexate, temozolomide, cyclophosphamide, SCH 66336, R115777, L778,123, BMS 214662, IRESSATM(gefitinib), TARCEVATM (erlotinib), antibodies to EGFR, intron, ara-C, adriamycin, cytoxan, gemcitabine, uracil mustard, chlormethine, ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, pipobroman, triethylenemel
• the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure can further be used in combination with other methods of treating cancers, for example by chemotherapy, irradiation therapy, tumor-targeted therapy, adjuvant therapy, immunotherapy or surgery.
• immunotherapy include cytokine treatment (e.g., interferons, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-2), CRS-207 immunotherapy, cancer vaccine, monoclonal antibody, bispecific or multispecific antibody, antibody drug conjugate, adoptive T cell transfer, Toll receptor agonists, RIG-I agonists, oncolytic virotherapy and immunomodulating small molecules, including thalidomide or JAK1/2 inhibitor, PI3K ⁇ inhibitor and the like.
• the compounds can be administered in combination with one or more anti-cancer drugs, such as a chemotherapeutic agent.
• chemotherapeutics include any of: abarelix, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, altretamine, anastrozole, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, azacitidine, bevacizumab, bexarotene, baricitinib, bleomycin, bortezomib, busulfan intravenous, busulfan oral, calusterone, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, dalteparin sodium, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine,
• chemotherapeutics include proteosome inhibitors (e.g ., bortezomib), thalidomide, revlimid, and DNA-damaging agents such as melphalan, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etoposide, carmustine, and the like.
• Example steroids include corticosteroids such as dexamethasone or prednisone.
• Example Bcr-Abl inhibitors include imatinib mesylate (GLEEVACTM), nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Other example suitable Bcr-Abl inhibitors include the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, of the genera and species disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,521,184, WO 04/005281, and U.S. Ser. No. 60/578,491.
• Example suitable Flt-3 inhibitors include midostaurin, lestaurtinib, linifanib, sunitinib, sunitinib, maleate, sorafenib, quizartinib, crenolanib, pacritinib, tandutinib, PLX3397 and ASP2215, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Other example suitable Flt-3 inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 03/037347, WO 03/099771, and WO 04/046120.
• Example suitable RAF inhibitors include dabrafenib, sorafenib, and vemurafenib, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Other example suitable RAF inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 00/09495 and WO 05/028444.
• Example suitable FAK inhibitors include VS-4718, VS-5095, VS-6062, VS-6063, BI853520, and GSK2256098, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Other example suitable FAK inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 04/080980, WO 04/056786, WO 03/024967, WO 01/064655, WO 00/053595, and WO 01/014402.
• Example suitable CDK4/6 inhibitors include palbociclib, ribociclib, trilaciclib, lerociclib, and abemaciclib, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
• Other example suitable CDK4/6 inhibitors include compounds, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as disclosed in WO 09/085185, WO 12/129344, WO 11/101409, WO 03/062236, WO 10/075074, and WO 12/061156.
• the compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with one or more other kinase inhibitors including imatinib, particularly for treating patients resistant to imatinib or other kinase inhibitors.
• the treatment methods of the disclosure can be used in combination with a chemotherapeutic in the treatment of cancer, and may improve the treatment response as compared to the response to the chemotherapeutic agent alone, without exacerbation of its toxic effects.
• the treatment methods of the disclosure can be used in combination with a chemotherapeutic provided herein.
• additional pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of multiple myeloma can include, without limitation, melphalan, melphalan plus prednisone [MP], doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and Velcade (bortezomib).
• the agent is an alkylating agent, a proteasome inhibitor, a corticosteroid, or an immunomodulatory agent.
• an alkylating agent include cyclophosphamide (CY), melphalan (MEL), and bendamustine.
• the proteasome inhibitor is carfilzomib.
• the corticosteroid is dexamethasone (DEX).
• the immunomodulatory agent is lenalidomide (LEN) or pomalidomide (POM). Additive or synergistic effects are desirable outcomes of combining treatment methods of the present disclosure with an additional agent.
• the agents can be combined with Compound 1 and/or antibody that binds to human PD-1 or human PD-L1, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, of the present treatment methods in a single or continuous dosage form, or the agents can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms.
• a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone is administered to a patient in combination with the treatment methods of the disclosure where the dexamethasone is administered intermittently as opposed to continuously.
• the treatment methods described herein can be combined with another immunogenic agent, such as cancerous cells, purified tumor antigens (including recombinant proteins, peptides, and carbohydrate molecules), cells, and cells transfected with genes encoding immune stimulating cytokines.
• tumor vaccines include peptides of melanoma antigens, such as peptides of gplOO, MAGE antigens, Trp-2, MARTI and/or tyrosinase, or tumor cells transfected to express the cytokine GM-CSF.
• the treatment methods described herein can be used in combination with a vaccination protocol for the treatment of cancer.
• the tumor cells are transduced to express GM-CSF.
• tumor vaccines include the proteins from viruses implicated in human cancers such as Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV), Hepatitis Viruses (HBV and HCV) and Kaposi's Herpes Sarcoma Virus (KHSV).
• HPV Human Papilloma Viruses
• HBV and HCV Hepatitis Viruses
• KHSV Kaposi's Herpes Sarcoma Virus
• the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure can be used in combination with tumor specific antigen such as heat shock proteins isolated from tumor tissue itself.
• the treatment methods described herein can be combined with dendritic cells immunization to activate potent anti-tumor responses.
• the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure can be used in combination with bispecific macrocyclic peptides that target Fe alpha or Fe gamma receptorexpressing effectors cells to tumor cells.
• the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure can also be combined with macrocyclic peptides that activate host immune responsiveness.
• the treatment methods of the disclosure are combined with administration of other therapeutic agents to a patient prior to, during, and/or after a bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant.
• the treatment methods and regimens of the present disclosure can be used in combination with bone marrow transplant for the treatment of a variety of tumors of hematopoietic origin.
• more than one pharmaceutical agents When more than one pharmaceutical agents is administered to a patient, as discussed in any of the above embodiments, they can be administered simultaneously, separately, sequentially, or in combination ( e.g ., for more than two agents).
• immune checkpoint inhibitors include inhibitors against immune checkpoint molecules such as CD27, CD28, CD40, CD 122, CD96, CD73, CD47, 0X40, GITR, CSF1R, JAK, PI3K delta, PI3K gamma, TAM, arginase, CD137 (also known as 4-1BB), ICOS, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, CTLA-4, LAG3 (e g., INCAGN2385), TIM3 (e g., INCB2390), VISTA, PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2.
• immune checkpoint inhibitors include inhibitors against immune checkpoint molecules such as CD27, CD28, CD40, CD 122, CD96, CD73, CD47, 0X40, GITR, CSF1R, JAK, PI3K delta, PI3K gamma, TAM, arginase, CD137 (also known as 4-1BB), ICOS,
• the immune checkpoint molecule is a stimulatory checkpoint molecule selected from CD27, CD28, CD40, ICOS, 0X40 (e.g., INCAGN1949), GITR (e.g., INCAGN1876) and CD137.
• the immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitory checkpoint molecule selected from A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, CTLA-4, IDO, KIR, LAG3, PD-1, TIM3, and VISTA.
• the compounds provided herein can be used in combination with one or more agents selected from KIR inhibitors, TIGIT inhibitors, LAIR1 inhibitors, CD 160 inhibitors, 2B4 inhibitors and TGFRbeta inhibitors.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is a small molecule PD-L1 inhibitor.
• the small molecule PD-L1 inhibitor has an IC50 less than 1 mM, less than 100 nM, less than 10 nM or less than 1 nM in a PD-L1 assay described in US Patent Publication Nos. US 20170107216, US 20170145025, US 20170174671, US 20170174679, US 20170320875, US 20170342060, US 20170362253, and US 20180016260, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-1, e.g., an anti -PD-1 monoclonal antibody.
• the anti -PD-1 monoclonal antibody is MGA012, nivolumab, pembrolizumab (also known as MK-3475), pidilizumab, SHR-1210, PDR001, ipilumimab or AMP-224.
• the anti- PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab.
• the anti- PD1 antibody is pembrolizumab.
• the anti-PDl antibody is nivolumab.
• the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is MGA012 (retifanlimab). In some embodiments, the anti-PDl antibody is SHR-1210.
• Other anti-cancer agent(s) include antibody therapeutics such as 4-1BB (e.g. urelumab, utomilumab.
• the compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with INCB086550.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-L1, e.g., an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody.
• the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is BMS-935559, MEDI4736, MPDL3280A (also known as RG7446), or MSB0010718C.
• the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is MPDL3280A or MEDI4736.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CTLA-4, e.g., an anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
• the anti-CTLA-4 antibody is ipilimumab, tremelimumab, AGEN1884, or CP-675,206.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of LAG3, e.g., an anti-LAG3 antibody.
• the anti-LAG3 antibody is BMS-986016, LAG525, or INCAGN2385.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of TIM3, e.g., an anti-TIM3 antibody.
• the anti-TIM3 antibody is INCAGN2390, MBG453, or TSR-022.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of GITR, e.g., an anti-GITR antibody.
• the anti-GITR antibody is TRX518, MK-4166, INCAGN1876, MK-1248, AMG228, BMS-986156, GWN323, or MEDI1873.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of 0X40, e.g., 0X40 agonist antibody or OX40L fusion protein.
• the anti-OX40 antibody is MEDI0562, MOXR-0916, PF-04518600, GSK3174998, or BMS- 986178.
• the OX40L fusion protein is MEDI6383.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD20, e.g., an anti-CD20 antibody.
• the anti-CD20 antibody is obinutuzumab or rituximab.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD19, e.g., an anti-CD19 antibody.
• the anti-CD19 antibody is tafasitamab.
• the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with bispecific antibodies.
• one of the domains of the bispecific antibody targets PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, 0X40, TIM3, LAG3, CD137, ICOS, CD3 or TGF ⁇ receptor.
• the compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with one or more metabolic enzyme inhibitors.
• the metabolic enzyme inhibitor is an inhibitor of IDO 1, TDO, or arginase.
• IDO 1 inhibitors include epacadostat, NLG919, BMS-986205, PF-06840003, IOM2983, RG-70099 and LY338196.
• immune checkpoint inhibitors include inhibitors against immune checkpoint molecules such as CBL-B, CD20, CD28, CD40, CD70, CD122, CD96, CD73, CD47, CDK2, GITR, CSF1R, JAK, PI3K delta, PI3K gamma, TAM, arginase, HPK1, CD137 (also known as 4-1BB), ICOS, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM3, TLR (TLR7/8), TIGIT, CD112R, VISTA, PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2.
• immune checkpoint inhibitors include inhibitors against immune checkpoint molecules such as CBL-B, CD20, CD28, CD40, CD70, CD122, CD96, CD73, CD47, CDK2, GITR, CSF1R, JAK, PI3K delta, PI3K gamma, TAM, arginase, HPK1, CD137 (also
• the immune checkpoint molecule is a stimulatory checkpoint molecule selected from CD27, CD28, CD40, ICOS, 0X40, GITR and CD137.
• the immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitory checkpoint molecule selected from A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, CTLA-4, IDO, KIR, LAG3, PD-1, TIM3, TIGIT, and VISTA.
• the compounds provided herein can be used in combination with one or more agents selected from KIR inhibitors, TIGIT inhibitors, LAIR1 inhibitors, CD 160 inhibitors, 2B4 inhibitors and TGFR beta inhibitors.
• the compounds provided herein can be used in combination with one or more agonists of immune checkpoint molecules, e.g., 0X40, CD27, GITR, and CD137 (also known as 4-1BB).
• one or more agonists of immune checkpoint molecules e.g., 0X40, CD27, GITR, and CD137 (also known as 4-1BB).
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is anti -PD 1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, or anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-1 or PD-L1, e.g., an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody.
• the anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab, cemiplimab, atezolizumab, avelumab, tislelizumab, spartalizumab (PDR001), cetrelimab (JNJ-63723283), toripalimab (JS001), camrelizumab (SHR-1210), sintilimab (IBI308), AB122 (GLS-010), AMP-224, AMP-514/MEDI-0680, BMS936559, JTX-4014, BGB-108, SHR-1210, MEDI4736, FAZ053, BCD-
• the inhibitor of PD-1 or PD-L1 is one disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,488,802, 7,943,743, 8,008,449, 8,168,757, 8,217, 149, or 10,308,644; U.S. Publ. Nos.
• the inhibitor of PD-L1 is INCB086550.
• the antibody is an anti-PD-1 antibody, e.g., an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, spartalizumab, camrelizumab, cetrelimab, toripalimab, sintilimab, AB122, AMP-224, JTX-4014, BGB-108, BCD-100, BAT1306, LZM009, AK105, HLX10, or TSR-042.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, spartalizumab, camrelizumab, cetrelimab, toripalimab, or sintilimab.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is pembrolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is nivolumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is cemiplimab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is spartalizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is camrelizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is cetrelimab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is toripalimab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is sintilimab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is AB122. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is AMP -224.
• the anti-PD-1 antibody is JTX-4014. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is BGB-108. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is BCD-100. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is BAT1306. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is LZM009. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is AK105. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is HLX10. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 antibody is TSR-042. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PDl antibody is SHR-1210.
• anti-cancer agent(s) include antibody therapeutics such as 4- 1BB (e.g., urelumab, utomilumab).
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-L1, e.g., an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody.
• the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, tislelizumab, BMS-935559, MEDI4736, atezolizumab (MPDL3280A;also known as RG7446), avelumab (MSB0010718C), FAZ053, KN035, CSIOOI, SHR-1316, CBT-502, A167, STI-A101, CK-301, BGB-A333, MSB-2311, HLX20, orLY3300054.
• the anti-PD-L1 antibody is atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, or tislelizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is atezolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is avelumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is durvalumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is tislelizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is BMS-935559. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is MEDI4736. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is FAZ053.
• the anti-PD-L1 antibody is KN035. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is CS1001. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is SHR- 1316. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is CBT-502. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is A167. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is STI- A101. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is CK-301. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is BGB-A333. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is MSB-2311. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is HLX20. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 antibody is LY3300054.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is a small molecule that binds to PD-L1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is a small molecule that binds to and internalizes PD-L1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is a compound selected from those in US 2018/0179201, US 2018/0179197, US 2018/0179179, US 2018/0179202, US 2018/0177784, US 2018/0177870, US Ser. No. 16/369,654 (filed Mar. 29, 2019), and US Ser. No. 62/688,164, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of KIR, TIGIT, LAIR1, CD 160, 2B4 and TGFRbeta.
• the inhibitor is MCLA-145.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CTLA-4, e.g., an anti-CTLA-4 antibody.
• the anti-CTLA-4 antibody is ipilimumab, tremelimumab, AGEN1884, or CP-675,206.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of LAG3, e.g., an anti-LAG3 antibody.
• the anti-LAG3 antibody is BMS-986016, LAG525, INCAGN2385, or eftilagimod alpha (IMP321).
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD73. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of CD73 is oleclumab.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of TIGIT. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of TIGIT is OMP-31M32.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of VISTA.
• the inhibitor of VISTA is JNJ-61610588 or CA-170.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of B7-H3. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of B7-H3 is enoblituzumab, MGD009, or 8H9. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of KIR. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of KIR is lirilumab or IPH4102.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of A2aR. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of A2aR is CPI-444.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of TGF-beta.
• the inhibitor of TGF-beta is trabedersen, galusertinib, or M7824.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PI3K-gamma. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of PI3K-gamma is IPI-549.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD47.
• the inhibitor of CD47 is Hu5F9-G4 or TTI-621.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD73. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of CD73 is MEDI9447.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD70.
• the inhibitor of CD70 is cusatuzumab or BMS-936561.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of TIM3, e.g., an anti-TIM3 antibody.
• the anti-TIM3 antibody is INCAGN2390, MBG453, or TSR-022.
• the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD20, e.g., an anti-CD20 antibody.
• the anti-CD20 antibody is obinutuzumab or rituximab.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of 0X40, CD27, CD28, GITR, ICOS, CD40, TLR7/8, and CD137 (also known as 4-1BB).
• the agonist of CD137 is urelumab. In some embodiments, the agonist of CD 137 is utomilumab.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of GITR.
• the agonist of GITR is TRX518, MK-4166, INCAGN1876, MK-1248, AMG228, BMS-986156, GWN323, MEDI1873, or MEDI6469.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of 0X40, e.g., 0X40 agonist antibody or OX40L fusion protein.
• the anti-OX40 antibody is INCAGN01949, MEDI0562 (tavolimab), MOXR-0916, PF-04518600,
• the OX40L fusion protein is MEDI6383.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of CD40.
• the agonist of CD40 is CP-870893, ADC-1013, CDX-1140, SEA-CD40, R07009789, JNJ-64457107, APX-005M, or Chi Lob 7/4.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of ICOS.
• the agonist of ICOS is GSK-3359609, JTX-2011, or MEDI- 570.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of CD28. In some embodiments, the agonist of CD28 is theralizumab.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of CD27. In some embodiments, the agonist of CD27 is varlilumab.
• the agonist of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of TLR7/8. In some embodiments, the agonist of TLR7/8 is MEDI9197.
• the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with bispecific antibodies.
• one of the domains of the bispecific antibody targets PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, 0X40, TIM3, LAG3, CD137, ICOS, CD3 or TGF ⁇ receptor.
• the bispecific antibody binds to PD-1 and PD-L1.
• the bispecific antibody that binds to PD-1 and PD-L1 is MCLA-136.
• the bispecific antibody binds to PD-L1 and CTLA-4.
• the bispecific antibody that binds to PD-L1 and CTLA-4 is AK104.
• the compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with one or more metabolic enzyme inhibitors.
• the metabolic enzyme inhibitor is an inhibitor of IDO 1, TDO, or arginase.
• IDO 1 inhibitors include epacadostat, NLG919, BMS-986205, PF-06840003, IOM2983, RG-70099 and LY338196.
• Inhibitors of arginase inhibitors include INCBl 158.
• the additional compounds, inhibitors, agents, etc. can be combined with the present compound in a single or continuous dosage form, or they can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms.
• the compounds described herein can be used in combination with one or more agents for the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
• the agent is an alkylating agent, a proteasome inhibitor, a corticosteroid, or an immunomodulatory agent.
• an alkylating agent include cyclophosphamide (CY), melphalan (MEL), and bendamustine.
• the proteasome inhibitor is carfilzomib.
• the corticosteroid is dexamethasone (DEX).
• the immunomodulatory agent is lenalidomide (LEN) or pomalidomide (POM).
• Suitable antiviral agents contemplated for use in combination with compounds of the present disclosure can comprise nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors and other antiviral drugs.
• NRTIs nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• NRTIs non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• protease inhibitors and other antiviral drugs.
• Example suitable NRTIs include zidovudine (AZT); didanosine (ddl); zalcitabine (ddC); stavudine (d4T); lamivudine (3TC); abacavir (1592U89); adefovir dipivoxil [bis(POM)-PMEA]; lobucavir (BMS-180194); BCH-10652; emitricitabine [(-)-FTC]; beta-L- FD4 (also called beta-L-D4C and named beta-L-2', 3'-dicleoxy-5-fluoro-cytidene); DAPD, ((- )-beta-D-2, 6, -diamino-purine dioxolane); and lodenosine (FddA).
• ZT zidovudine
• ddl didanosine
• ddC zalcitabine
• stavudine d4T
• NNRTIs include nevirapine (BI-RG-587); delaviradine (BHAP, U-90152); efavirenz (DMP-266); PNU-142721; AG-1549; MKC-442 (l-(ethoxy-methyl)-5-(l-methylethyl)-6-(phenylmethyl)- (2,4(lH,3H)-pyrimidinedione); and (+)-calanolide A (NSC-675451) and B.
• Typical suitable protease inhibitors include saquinavir (Ro 31-8959); ritonavir (ABT-538); indinavir (MK- 639); nelfnavir (AG-1343); amprenavir (141W94); lasinavir (BMS-234475); DMP-450; BMS-2322623; ABT-378; and AG-1 549.
• Other antiviral agents include hydroxyurea, ribavirin, IL-2, IL-12, pentafuside and Yissum Project No.11607.
• Suitable agents for use in combination with compounds described herein for the treatment of cancer include chemotherapeutic agents, targeted cancer therapies, immunotherapies or radiation therapy.
• Compounds described herein may be effective in combination with anti-hormonal agents for treatment of breast cancer and other tumors.
• Suitable examples are anti-estrogen agents including but not limited to tamoxifen and toremifene, aromatase inhibitors including but not limited to letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane, adrenocorticosteroids (e.g. prednisone), progestins (e.g. megastrol acetate), and estrogen receptor antagonists (e.g. fulvestrant).
• Suitable anti-hormone agents used for treatment of prostate and other cancers may also be combined with compounds described herein. These include anti-androgens including but not limited to flutamide, bicalutamide, and nilutamide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs including leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, and histrelin, LHRH antagonists (e.g. degarelix), androgen receptor blockers (e.g. enzalutamide) and agents that inhibit androgen production (e.g. abiraterone).
• anti-androgens including but not limited to flutamide, bicalutamide, and nilutamide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs including leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, and histrelin, LHRH antagonists (e.g. degarelix), androgen receptor blockers (e.g. enzalutamide) and agents
• the compounds described herein may be combined with or in sequence with other agents against membrane receptor kinases especially for patients who have developed primary or acquired resistance to the targeted therapy.
• These therapeutic agents include inhibitors or antibodies against EGFR, Her2, VEGFR, c-Met, Ret, IGFR1, or Flt-3 and against cancer-associated fusion protein kinases such as Bcr-Abl and EML4-Alk.
• Inhibitors against EGFR include gefitinib and erlotinib, and inhibitors against EGFR/Her2 include but are not limited to dacomitinib, afatinib, lapitinib and neratinib.
• Antibodies against the EGFR include but are not limited to cetuximab, panitumumab and necitumumab.
• Inhibitors of c- Met may be used in combination with FGFR inhibitors. These include onartumzumab, tivantnib, and INC-280.
• Agents against Abl (or Bcr-Abl) include imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib and those against Aik (or EML4-ALK) include crizotinib.
• Angiogenesis inhibitors may be efficacious in some tumors in combination with FGFR inhibitors. These include antibodies against VEGF or VEGFR or kinase inhibitors of VEGFR. Antibodies or other therapeutic proteins against VEGF include bevacizumab and aflibercept. Inhibitors of VEGFR kinases and other anti-angiogenesis inhibitors include but are not limited to sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, cediranib, pazopanib, regorafenib, brivanib, and vandetanib
• agents targeting components of these pathways have been combined with receptor targeting agents to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance.
• agents that may be combined with compounds described herein include inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, inhibitors of the Raf-MAPK pathway, inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway, and inhibitors of protein chaperones and cell cycle progression.
• Agents against the PI3 kinase include but are not limited topilaralisib, idelalisib, buparlisib.
• Inhibitors of mTOR such as rapamycin, sirolimus, temsirolimus, and everolimus may be combined with FGFR inhibitors.
• Other suitable examples include but are not limited to vemurafenib and dabrafenib (Raf inhibitors) and trametinib, selumetinib and GDC-0973 (MEK inhibitors).
• Inhibitors of one or more JAKs e.g., ruxolitinib, baricitinib, tofacitinib), Hsp90 (e.g., tanespimycin), cyclin dependent kinases (e.g., palbociclib), HDACs (e.g., panobinostat), PARP (e.g., olaparib), and proteasomes (e.g., bortezomib, carfilzomib) can also be combined with compounds described herein.
• the JAK inhibitor is selective for JAK1 over JAK2 and JAK3.
• Suitable agents for use in combination with compounds described herein include chemotherapy combinations such as platinum-based doublets used in lung cancer and other solid tumors (cisplatin or carboplatin plus gemcitabine; cisplatin or carboplatin plus docetaxel; cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel; cisplatin or carboplatin plus pemetrexed) or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel bound particles (Abraxane®).
• chemotherapy combinations such as platinum-based doublets used in lung cancer and other solid tumors (cisplatin or carboplatin plus gemcitabine; cisplatin or carboplatin plus docetaxel; cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel; cisplatin or carboplatin plus pemetrexed) or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel bound particles (Abraxane®).
• Suitable chemotherapeutic or other anti-cancer agents include, for example, alkylating agents (including, without limitation, nitrogen mustards, ethylenimine derivatives, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas and triazenes) such as uracil mustard, chlormethine, cyclophosphamide (CytoxanTM), ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, pipobroman, triethylene-melamine, triethylenethiophosphoramine, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine, and temozolomide.
• alkylating agents including, without limitation, nitrogen mustards, ethylenimine derivatives, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas and triazenes
• alkylating agents including, without limitation, nitrogen mustards, ethylenimine derivatives, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoure
• steroids including 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, testosterone, prednisone, fluoxymesterone, methylprednisolone, methyltestosterone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, chi orotriani sene, hydroxyprogesterone, aminoglutethimide, and medroxyprogesteroneacetate.
• DTIC dacarbazine
• BCNU carmustine
• Dartmouth regimen which consists of DTIC
• BCNU cisplatin and tamoxifen
• a combination of cisplatin, vinblastine, and DTIC or temozolomide.
• Compounds described herein may also be combined with immunotherapy drugs, including cytokines such as interferon alpha, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in.
• cytokines such as interferon alpha, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in.
• Suitable chemotherapeutic or other anti-cancer agents include, for example, antimetabolites (including, without limitation, folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors) such as methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, fludarabine phosphate, pentostatine, and gemcitabine.
• antimetabolites including, without limitation, folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors
• methotrexate including, without limitation, folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors
• methotrexate including, without limitation, folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors
• Suitable chemotherapeutic or other anti-cancer agents further include, for example, certain natural products and their derivatives (for example, vinca alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, enzymes, lymphokines and epipodophyllotoxins) such as vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, ara- C, paclitaxel (TAXOLTM), mithramycin, deoxycoformycin, mitomycin-C, L-asparaginase, interferons (especially IFN-a), etoposide, and teniposide.
• certain natural products and their derivatives for example, vinca alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, enzymes, lymphokines and epipodophyllotoxins
• vinblastine vincristine, vindesine
• bleomycin dactinomycin
• daunorubicin daunor
• cytotoxic agents include navelbene, CPT-11, anastrazole, letrazole, capecitabine, reloxafme, cyclophosphamide, ifosamide, and droloxafme.
• cytotoxic agents such as epidophyllotoxin; an antineoplastic enzyme; a topoisomerase inhibitor; procarbazine; mitoxantrone; platinum coordination complexes such as cis-platin and carboplatin; biological response modifiers; growth inhibitors; antihormonal therapeutic agents; leucovorin; tegafur; and haematopoietic growth factors.
• anti-cancer agent(s) include antibody therapeutics such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), antibodies to costimulatory molecules such as CTLA-4, 4-1BB, PD-L1 and PD-1 antibodies, or antibodies to cytokines (IL-10, TGF-b, etc.).
• trastuzumab Herceptin
• costimulatory molecules such as CTLA-4, 4-1BB, PD-L1 and PD-1 antibodies
• cytokines IL-10, TGF-b, etc.
• anti-cancer agents also include those that block immune cell migration such as antagonists to chemokine receptors, including CCR2 and CCR4.
• anti-cancer agents also include those that augment the immune system such as adjuvants or adoptive T cell transfer.
• Anti-cancer vaccines include dendritic cells, synthetic peptides, DNA vaccines and recombinant viruses.
• tumor vaccines include the proteins from viruses implicated in human cancers such as Human Papilloma Viruses (HPV), Hepatitis Viruses (HBV and HCV) and Kaposi's Herpes Sarcoma Virus (KHSV).
• HPV Human Papilloma Viruses
• HCV Hepatitis Viruses
• KHSV Kaposi's Herpes Sarcoma Virus
• tumor vaccines that can be used include peptides of melanoma antigens, such as peptides of gplOO, MAGE antigens, Trp-2, MARTI and/or tyrosinase, or tumor cells transfected to express the cytokine GM-CSF.
• the compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with bone marrow transplant for the treatment of a variety of tumors of hematopoietic origin.
• the additional compounds, inhibitors, agents, etc. can be combined with the present compound in a single or continuous dosage form, or they can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms.
• compositions which refers to a combination of one or more compounds described herein, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• compositions can be prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art, and can be administered by a variety of routes, depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary ( e.g ., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal and transdermal), ocular, oral or parenteral.
• Methods for ocular delivery can include topical administration (eye drops), subconjunctival, periocular or intravitreal injection or introduction by balloon catheter or ophthalmic inserts surgically placed in the conjunctival sac.
• Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular, administration.
• Parenteral administration can be in the form of a single bolus dose, or may be, for example, by a continuous perfusion pump.
• Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable.
• compositions which contain, as the active ingredient, one or more compounds described herein in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
• the active ingredient is typically mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier in the form of, for example, a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container.
• the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.
• compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10 % by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.
• the composition is suitable for topical administration.
• the active compound can be milled to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it can be milled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size can be adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g. about 40 mesh.
• the compounds of the invention may be milled using known milling procedures such as wet milling to obtain a particle size appropriate for tablet formation and for other formulation types.
• Finely divided (nanoparticulate) preparations of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by processes known in the art see, e.g ., WO 2002/000196.
• excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, and methyl cellulose.
• the formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
• the compositions described herein can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures known in the art.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC) and at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• SMCC silicified microcrystalline cellulose
• the silicified microcrystalline cellulose comprises about 98% microcrystalline cellulose and about 2% silicon dioxide w/w.
• the composition is a sustained release composition comprising at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
• the composition comprises at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one component selected from microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyethylene oxide.
• the composition comprises at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
• the composition comprises at least one compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate and polyethylene oxide.
• the composition further comprises magnesium stearate or silicon dioxide.
• the microcrystalline cellulose is Avicel PHI 02TM.
• the lactose monohydrate is Fast-flo 316TM.
• the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 K4M (e.g, Methocel K4 M PremierTM) and/or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 K100LV (e.g, Methocel K00LVTM).
• the polyethylene oxide is polyethylene oxide WSR 1105 (e.g, Polyox WSR 1105TM).
• a wet granulation process is used to produce the composition.
• a dry granulation process is used to produce the composition.
• compositions can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from, for example, about 5 mg to about 1000 mg, about 5 mg to about 100 mg, about 100 mg to about 500 mgor about 10 to about 30 mg, of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, each dosage contains about 10 mg of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, each dosage contains about 50 mg of the active ingredient. In some embodiments, each dosage contains about 25 mg of the active ingredient.
• unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
• the components used to formulate the pharmaceutical compositions are of high purity and are substantially free of potentially harmful contaminants (e.g ., at least National Food grade, generally at least analytical grade, and more typically at least pharmaceutical grade).
• the composition is preferably manufactured or formulated under Good Manufacturing Practice standards as defined in the applicable regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
• suitable formulations may be sterile and/or substantially isotonic and/or in full compliance with all Good Manufacturing Practice regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
• the active compound can be effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound actually administered will usually be determined by a physician, according to the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like.
• the therapeutic dosage of a compound of the present invention can vary according to, e.g., the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
• the proportion or concentration of a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g, hydrophobicity), and the route of administration.
• the compounds of the invention can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral administration. Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day.
• the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• the dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.
• the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid pre-formulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of one or more compounds described herein.
• a solid pre-formulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of one or more compounds described herein.
• the active ingredient is typically dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition can be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
• This solid pre-formulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for example, 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present disclosure.
• the tablets or pills of the present disclosure can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
• the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
• the two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
• enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
• liquid forms in which the compounds, or compositions as described herein can be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
• compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
• the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra.
• the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
• Compositions in can be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be breathed directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device can be attached to a face masks tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions can be administered orally or nasally from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
• Topical formulations can contain one or more conventional carriers.
• ointments can contain water and one or more hydrophobic carriers selected from, e.g ., liquid paraffin, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, propylene glycol, white Vaseline, and the like.
• Carrier compositions of creams can be based on water in combination with glycerol and one or more other components, e.g., glycerinemonostearate, PEG-glycerinemonostearate and cetylstearyl alcohol.
• Gels can be formulated using isopropyl alcohol and water, suitably in combination with other components such as, e.g, glycerol, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and the like.
• topical formulations contain at least about 0.1, at least about 0.25, at least about 0.5, at least about 1, at least about 2 or at least about 5 wt % of the compound of the invention.
• the topical formulations can be suitably packaged in tubes of, e.g, 100 g which are optionally associated with instructions for the treatment of the select indication, e.g, psoriasis or other skin condition.
• compositions can be administered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the symptoms of the disease and its complications. Effective doses will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, the age, weight and general condition of the patient, and the like.
• compositions administered to a patient can be in the form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. Aqueous solutions can be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration.
• the pH of the compound preparations typically will be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutical salts.
• the therapeutic dosage of a compound of the present disclosure can vary according to, for example, the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
• the proportion or concentration of the compounds in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the route of administration.
• compounds of the present disclosure can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral administration. Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day.
• the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• the dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose- response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.
• Compounds described herein can also be formulated in combination with one or more additional active ingredients, which can include any pharmaceutical agent such as anti-viral agents, vaccines, antibodies, immune enhancers, immune suppressants, anti-inflammatory agents and the like.
• Another aspect of the present invention relates to labeled compounds of the disclosure (radio-labeled, fluorescent-labeled, etc.) that would be useful not only in imaging techniques but also in assays, both in vitro and in vivo , for localizing and quantitating FGFR3 protein in tissue samples, including human, and for identifying FGFR3 ligands by inhibition binding of a labeled compound.
• Substitution of one or more of the atoms of the compounds of the present disclosure can also be useful in generating differentiated ADME (Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion).
• the present invention includes FGFR binding assays that contain such labeled or substituted compounds.
• the present disclosure further includes isotopically-labeled compounds of the disclosure.
• An “isotopically” or “radio-labeled” compound is a compound of the disclosure where one or more atoms are replaced or substituted by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number typically found in nature (i.e., naturally occurring).
• Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in compounds of the present disclosure include but are not limited to 2 H (also written as D for deuterium), 3 H (also written as T for tritium), 11 C 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 O, 17 O, 18 O, 18 F, 35 S, 36 C1, 82 Br, 75 Br, 76 Br, 77 Br, 123 I, 124 I, 125 I and 13 C I.
• one or more hydrogen atoms in a compound of the present disclosure can be replaced by deuterium atoms (e.g., one or more hydrogen atoms of a Ci-6 alkyl group of Formula (I) can be optionally substituted with deuterium atoms, such as -CD3 being substituted for -CFF).
• alkyl groups in Formula (I) can be perdeuterated.
• the compound includes at least one deuterium atom.
• the compound includes two or more deuterium atoms.
• the compound includes 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, or 1-6 deuterium atoms.
• all of the hydrogen atoms in a compound can be replaced or substituted by deuterium atoms.
• substitution with heavier isotopes may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances, (see e.g., A. Kerekes et. al. J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 201-210; R. Xu et. al. J. Label Compd. Radiopharm. 2015, 58, 308-312).
• substitution at one or more metabolism sites may afford one or more of the therapeutic advantages.
• radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radio-labeled compounds will depend on the specific application of that radio-labeled compound. For example, for in vitro adenosine receptor labeling and competition assays, compounds that incorporate 3 H, 14 C,
• a “radio-labeled” or “labeled compound” is a compound that has incorporated at least one radionuclide.
• the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of 3 H, 14 C, 125 1, 35 S and 82 Br.
• the present disclosure can further include synthetic methods for incorporating radioisotopes into compounds of the disclosure. Synthetic methods for incorporating radio- isotopes into organic compounds are well known in the art, and an ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize the methods applicable for the compounds of disclosure.
• a labeled compound of the invention can be used in a screening assay to identify and/or evaluate compounds.
• a newly synthesized or identified compound i.e., test compound
• a test compound which is labeled can be evaluated for its ability to bind an FGFR3 protein by monitoring its concentration variation when contacting with the FGFR3, through tracking of the labeling.
• a test compound (labeled) can be evaluated for its ability to reduce binding of another compound which is known to bind to a FGFR3 protein (i.e., standard compound). Accordingly, the ability of a test compound to compete with the standard compound for binding to the FGFR3 protein directly correlates to its binding affinity.
• the standard compound is labeled and test compounds are unlabeled. Accordingly, the concentration of the labeled standard compound is monitored in order to evaluate the competition between the standard compound and the test compound, and the relative binding affinity of the test compound is thus ascertained.
• kits useful for example, in the treatment or prevention of FGFR-associated diseases or disorders, such as cancer and other diseases referred to herein which include one or more containers containing a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure.
• kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers, etc., as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
• Instructions, either as inserts or as labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and/or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
• the flow rate used with the 30 x 100 mm column was 60 mL/minute.
• pH 10 purifications: Waters XBridge C 18 5 ⁇ m, 19 x 100 mm column, eluting with mobile phase A: 0.15% NH 4 OH in water and mobile phase B: acetonitrile; the flow rate was 30 mL/minute, the separating gradient was optimized for each compound using the Compound Specific Method Optimization protocol as described in the literature [See “Preparative LCMS Purification: Improved Compound Specific Method Optimization", K. Blom, B. Glass, R. Sparks, A. Combs, J Comb. Chem., 6, 874-883 (2004)].
• the flow rate used with 30 x 100 mm column was 60 mL/minute.
• a microwave vessel containing a mixture of 3-bromo-l,6-naphthyridin-5-amine (1.32 g, 5.89 mmol), sodium bicarbonate (742 mg, 8.84 mmol), 2-bromo-l-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethan-l- one (1.89 g, 7.07 mmol) and tert-butanol (8 mL) was irradiated at 150 °C for 9 h using a Biotage Initator+ Microwave Synthesizer. After cooling to room temperature, the solid was filtered and washed with CH 2 CI 2 , followed by concentration of the filtrate in vacuo.
• Step 5 9-Bromo-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)-3-vinylimidazo[2, l-f][ 1 ,6]naphthyridine
• Step 6 (9-Bromo-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2, l-f][ 1, 6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol
• Step 2 (2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-9-( 1 -(pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[2, 1- f][ 1, 6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol
• [l,6]naphthyridin-3- yl)methanol (Intermediate 1, 15 mg, 0.035 mmol), (4-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)phenyl)boronic acid (17 mg, 0.071 mmol), potassium phosphate, tribasic (23 mg, 0.11 mmol), and (l,r-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (4 mg, 5.3 ⁇ mol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (250 ⁇ L).
• Step 1 4-(2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2, 1-J][1, 6]naphthyridin-9- yl)benzoic acid
• [l,6]naphthyridin-3- yl)methanol (Intermediate 1, 100 mg, 0.236 mmol), (4-(/c/7-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl)boronic acid (79 mg, 0.355 mmol), potassium phosphate, tribasic (151 mg, 0.709 mmol), and (I,G- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (29 mg, 0.035 mmol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (250 ⁇ L).
• Step 2 ((IS, 4S)-2-Oxa-5-azabicyclo[ 2.2.1 ]heptan-5-yl) ( 4-( 2-/2, 6-dichlorophenyl)-3- (hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2, l-f][ l,6]naphthyridin-9-yl)phenyl)methanone
• Step 1 (2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-9-(4-(piperazin-l-ylmethyl)phenyl)imidazo[2, 1- j][ 1, 6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol
• [l,6]naphthyridin-3- yl)methanol (Intermediate 1, 100 mg, 0.236 mmol), tert- butyl 4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)piperazine-l-carboxylate (105 mg, 0.260 mmol), potassium phosphate, tribasic (151 mg, 0.709 mmol), and (I,G- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (19 mg, 0.024 mmol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and water (500 ⁇ L).
• Step 2 l-(4-(4-(2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2, l-f][ 1 ,6]naphthyridin- 9-yl)benzyl)piperazin-l-yl)-2-hydroxyethan-l-one
• Step 1 (2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-9-( 1-(1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[ 2, 1- j] [ 1, 6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol
• the vial was irradiated at 130 °C for 2 h using a Biotage Initator+ Microwave Synthesizer. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through Celite and washed with CH2CI2, followed by concentration of the filtrate in vacuo. The residue was then dissolved with CFLCN and purified with prep-LCMS (XBridge C18 column, eluting with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% TFA, at flow rate of 60 mL/min) to provide the title compound as the TFA salt.
• Step 1 5-( ( 4-( 2-( 2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[ 2, l-fj[ 1, 6 ]naphthyridin-9- yl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)methyl)picolinic acid
• a vial containing a mixture of (2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-9-( 1H -pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[2, 1 - _/][l,6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol 100 mg, 0.244 mmol
• cesium carbonate 159 mg, 0.487 mmol
• Step 2 5-( ( 4-( 2-( 2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[ 2, l-f][ 1, 6 ]naphthyridin-9- yl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)methyl)-N,N-dimethylpicolinamide
• Example 13 (3-(4-(2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[2,l-f
• a vial containing a mixture of 9-bromo-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,l- f/][l,6]naphthyridine (Intermediate 1, Step 3, 1.0 g, 2.54 mmol), 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)- l -((2-(tri methyl si lyl)ethoxy (methyl )- 1H -pyrazole (866 mg, 2.67 mmol), (l,r-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)-dichloropalladium(II) (208 mg, 0.254 mmol), and potassium phosphate, tribasic (1.62 g, 7.63 mmol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (13.5 mL) and water (3.5 mL).
• Step 4 9-( 1 -(Azetidin-3-yl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[ 2, 1- j] [ 1,6] naphthyridine
• Step 5 (3-( 4-( 2-( 2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[ 2, l-f][ 1, 6 ]naphthyridin-9-yl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl)azetidin-l-yl) ( l -methyl- lH-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl)methanone
• Example 14 (3-(4-(2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[2,l-f
• [l,6]naphthyridin-3- yl)methanol (Intermediate 1, 15 mg, 0.035 mmol), (1 -ethyl - 1H -pyrazol-4-yl)boronic acid (5 mg, 0.035 mmol), potassium phosphate, tribasic (23 mg, 0.106 mmol), and (I,G- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (2.6 mg, 3.55 ⁇ mol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (100 ⁇ L).
• [l,6]naphthyridin-3- yl)methanol (Intermediate 1, 15 mg, 0.035 mmol), methyl 2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-lF7-pyrazol-l-yl)acetate (10 mg, 0.035 mmol), potassium phosphate, tribasic (23 mg, 0.106 mmol), and (I,G- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium(II) (2.6 mg, 3.55 ⁇ mol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (100 ⁇ L). The vial was sealed and heated to 80 °C for 30 minutes. Upon completion the reaction mixture was flushed through
• reaction mixture was diluted with acetonitrile/methanol and purified with prep-LCMS (XB ridge C18 column, eluting with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% TFA, at flow rate of 60 mL/min) to provide the title compound as the TFA salt.
• Example 20 l-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo [2,1- f
• Step 1 (2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-9-(l-(piperidin-4-yl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[2,l- f] [ 1, 6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol
• [l,6]naphthyridin-3- yl)methanol (Intermediate 1, 50 mg, 0.118 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)- 1H -pyrazol- l -yl )piperi dine-1 -carboxyl ate (45 mg, 0.118 mmol), potassium phosphate, tribasic (75 mg, 0.355 mmol), and (I,G- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) dichloropalladium(II) (9 mg, 0.012 mmol) was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen three times, followed by the addition of 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (100 ⁇ L).
• Step 2 l-(4-(4-(2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2, l-f][ 1 ,6]naphthyridin- 9-yl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)ethan-l-one
• Example 21 l-(4-(4-(2-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2,l- f)[l,6]naphthyridin-9-yl)-l1H-pyrazol-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-2-methoxyethan-l-one
• Step 1 l-(4-(4-(2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2, l-f][ 1 ,6]naphthyridin- 9-yl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl)-2-methoxyethan-l-one
• the vial was irradiated at 130 °C for 2 h using a Biotage Initator+ Microwave Synthesizer. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through celite and washed with CH 2 CI 2 , followed by concentration of the filtrate in vacuo. The residue was then dissolved with CH 3 CN and purified with prep-LCMS (XB ridge C18 column, eluting with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% TFA, at flow rate of 60 mL/min) to provide the title compound as the TFA salt.
• Example 22 l-(4-(2-(2-Chloro-6-methylphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo [2,1- /
• Example 27 l-(3-((4-(2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[2,l- /
• Step 1 (9-(l -(Azetidin-3-ylmethyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[ 2,1- /// 1, 6]naphthyridin-3-yl)methanol
• Step 2 l-(3-(( 4-( 2-(2, 6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)imidazo[ 2, l-fj[ 1, 6 ]naphthyridin- 9-yl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)methyl)azetidin-l-yl)-2-methoxyethan-l-one
• 2-methoxyacetic acid (2 ⁇ L, 0.020 mmol
• DMF 500 m ⁇
• DIPEA 7. ⁇ L, 0.04 mmol
• Step 1 9-Bromo-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2, 1-J][ 1 ,6]naphthyridine-3-carbaldehyde
• [l,6]naphthyridine 240 mg, 0.573 mmol
• THF 4.5 mL
• water 1.1 mL
• osmium tetroxide 4 wt. % in H 2 O, 91 ⁇ L, 14 ⁇ mol
• Step 2 9-Bromo-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)imidazo[2, l-f][ 1, 6]naphthyridine
• [l,6]naphthyridine-3- carbaldehyde 9-bromo-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,l-f
• the vial was sealed and heated to 80 °C for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered through a SiliaPrep SPE thiol cartridge (SPE-R51030B-06P) and washed with acetonitrile. The mixture was then diluted with acetonitrile and purified with prep-LCMS (XB ridge C 18 column, eluting with a gradient of acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% TFA, at flow rate of 60 mL/min) to provide the title compound as the TFA salt.
• Example 30 2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-9-(l-(tetrahydro-21H-pyran-4- yl)-l1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[2,l-f
• This compound was prepared according to the procedures described in Example 28, with 1- (tetrahydro-21H-pyran-4-yl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l ,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H -pyrazole replacing 1 -(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l , 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl )-11H- pyrazole in Step 3 to provide the title compound as the TFA salt.
• Example 34 2-(2-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-9-(l-(l-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-l1H-pyrazol-4- yl)imidazo[2,l-f
• Step 1 9-Bromo-2-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2, 1-J][ 1 ,6]naphthyridin-3-amine
• the inhibitor potency of the exemplified compounds was determined in an enzyme discontinuous assay that measures peptide phosphorylation using FRET measurements to detect product formation. Inhibitors were serially diluted in DMSO and a volume of 0.2 ⁇ L was transferred to the wells of a 384-well plate.
• a 5 ⁇ L/well volume of enzyme isoforms of FGFR (-1, -2, -3 wild-type and mutant isoforms, -4) including phosphorylated and un- phosphorylated proteins diluted in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCb, 1 mM EGTA, 0.01% Tween-20, 5 mM DTT, pH 7.5) was added to the plate and pre-incubated with inhibitor for 5 to 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Appropriate controls (enzyme blank and enzyme with no inhibitor) were included on the plate.
• assay buffer 50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCb, 1 mM EGTA, 0.01% Tween-20, 5 mM DTT, pH 7.5
• the reaction was initiated by the addition of a 5 ⁇ L/well volume containing both biotinylated EQEDEPEGDYFEWLE peptide substrate (SEQ ID NO: 1) and ATP in assay buffer.
• the 10 ⁇ L/well reaction concentration of the peptide substrate was 500 nM whereas the ATP concentration was maintained near or below the ATP Km.
• the ATP Km values were pre-determined in a separate series of experiments.
• the reaction plate was incubated at 25 °C for 1 hr and the reactions were ended with the addition of 5 ⁇ L/well of quench solution (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mg/mL BSA, pH 7.8; 45 mM EDTA, 600 nM staurosporin, with Perkin Elmer Lance Reagents at 3.75 nM Eu-antibody PY20 and 180 nM APC-Streptavidin).
• quench solution 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mg/mL BSA, pH 7.8; 45 mM EDTA, 600 nM staurosporin, with Perkin Elmer Lance Reagents at 3.75 nM Eu-antibody PY20 and 180 nM APC-Streptavidin.
• the plate was allowed to equilibrate for ⁇ 10 minutes at ambient temperature before scanning on a PheraStar plate reader (BMG Labtech) instrument.
• GraphPad prism or XLfit was used to analyze the data.
• the IC 50 values were derived by fitting the data to a four parameter logistic equation producing a sigmoidal dose- response curve with a variable Hill coefficient.
• Prism equation: Y Bottom + (Top- Bottom)/(l+10 ⁇ ((Log IC 50 -X)*Hill slope));
• XLfit equation: Y (A+((B-A)/(1+((X/C) ⁇ D))))) where X is the logarithm of inhibitor concentration and Y is the response.
• Compounds having an IC 50 of 1 mM or less are considered active.
• Table 1 provides IC 50 data for compounds of the disclosure assayed in the FGFR Enzymatic Assay after dilution in assay buffer, added to the plate and pre-incubated for 4 hours.
• RT112 cells (cell lines and genetic profiles further detailed in Table 2) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA) and maintained in RPMI, 10% FBS (Gibco/Life Technologies). To measure the effect of test compounds on the viability of cells, the cells were plated with RPMI 10 % FBS (5x103 cells/well/in 50 ⁇ L) into black 96-well Greiner polystyrene in the presence or absence of 50 ⁇ L of a concentration range of test compounds. After 3 days, 100 ⁇ L of CellTiter-Glo Reagent (Promega) was added. Luminescence was read with a TopCount (PerkinElmer). IC 50 etermination was performed by fitting the curve of percent inhibition versus the log of the inhibitor concentration using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software.
• V555M mutation was engineered using CRISPR-mediated genome editing.
• **FGFR2-BICC1 fusion represents the most prevalent FGFR2 alteration in cholangiocarcinoma.
• Table 3 provides IC 50 data for compounds of the disclosure assayed in the luminescent viability assay for the RT-112/84 cell line. The symbol: “+” indicates an IC 50 less than 10 nM; “++” indicates an IC 50 greater than or equal to 10 nM but less than 50 nM.
• Example C pFGFR2 and pFGFRl,3 Functional Cell HTRF Assay
• KATOIII cells Human Gastric Carcinoma
• FBS Gibco/Life Technologies
• KATOIII cells are plated overnight in 5% FBS and Iscove's medium at 5xl0 4 cells/well into Corning 96-well flat- bottom tissue culture treated plates. The next morning, 50 m ⁇ of fresh media with 0.5% FBS is incubated in the presence or absence of a concentration range of test compounds also at 50ul, for 1 hour at 37°C, 5% C02.
• BAF3-TEL-FGFR1 or BAF3-TEL-FGFR3 are maintained in RPMI with 10% FBS and lug/ml puromycin (Gibco/Life Technologies).
• 12nl of BAF3- TEL-FGFR1 or BAF3-TEL-FGFR3 cells in serum free and puromycin free RPMI media at 1 x 10 6 cell/ml are added to 384 Greiner white plate already containing 20nl dots of compounds at a concentration range.
• the plates are gently shaken (100 rpm) for 2 minutes at room temperature to mix well and incubate for 2 hours in a single layer at 37°C, 5% C02. 4 m ⁇ /well of 1/25 dilution of lysis buffer #3 (Cis Bio) is added with standard Protease inhibitors and shaken at 200 rpm at room temperature for 20 minutes. 4 m ⁇ total of the Cis Bio Tb-pFGFR Ab (10ng) and d2-FGFR3 (lng) together are added to the lysate and mixed well. The plates are sealed and incubated at room temperature overnight in the dark. The plates are read on the Pherastar plate reader at 665 nm and 620 nm wavelengths. IC 50 determination is performed by fitting the curve of inhibitor percent inhibition versus the log of the inhibitor concentration using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software.
• Example D pFGFR3 Functional Whole Blood HTRF Assay
• BAF3-TEL-FGFR3 phosphorylated Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) in a whole blood assay
• BAF3-TEL-FGFR3 are maintained in RPMI with 10% FBS and 1 ⁇ g/ml puromycin (Gibco/Life Technologies).
• lOOul BAF3-TEL- FGFR3 cells in 10% FBS and puromycin free RPMI media at 5 x 10 4 cell/well are added to fibronectin coated 96 well tissue culture plate (5ug/ml) overnight at 37°C, 5% C02.
• serum is separated from the top of the blood by a low speed spin, 1200, RPM, and heat inactivated by incubating at 56°C for 15 minutes.
• the plate is spun down for 5 minutes and 16 uL of lysate is transferred into a 384-well small volume plate. 4 m ⁇ total of the Cis Bio Tb- pFGFR Ab (10ng) and d2-FGFR3 (lng) together are added to the lysate and mixed well. The plates are sealed and incubated at room temperature overnight in the dark. Plates are read on the Pherastar plate reader at 665 nm and 620 nm wavelengths. IC 50 determination is performed by fitting the curve of inhibitor percent inhibition versus the log of the inhibitor concentration using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software.
• KATO III cells are purchased from ATCC and maintained in Iscove's medium with 20% FBS (Gibco/Life Technologies).
• Iscove's medium with 20% FBS (Gibco/Life Technologies).
• FBS Gibco/Life Technologies
• the cells are resuspended with Iscove’s, 0.2 % FBS at 5xl0 6 cells/ml. 50 ⁇ L of the cells are then spiked into a 96-deep well 2 ml polypropylene assay block (Costar,) in the presence or absence of a concentration range of test compounds and 300ul human heparinized whole blood (Biological Specialty Corp, Colmar PA).
• the red cells are lysed using Qiagen EL buffer and the cell lysates are resuspended in lysis buffer (Cell Signaling) containing standard protease inhibitor cocktail (Calbiochem/EMD,) and PMSF (Sigma) for 30 minutes ice.
• the lysates are transferred to a standard V bottom propylene tissue culture plate and frozen overnight at -80°C. Samples are tested an in an R & D Systems DuoSet IC Human Phospho- FGF R2a ELISA and the plate is measured using a SpectraMax M5 microplate set to 450 nm with a wavelength correction of 540.
• IC 50 determination is performed by fitting the curve of inhibitor percent inhibition versus the log of the inhibitor concentration using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software.
• Example F Inhibition of FGFR Pathway
• the cellular potency of compounds is determined by measuring phosphorylation of FGFR or FGFR downstream effectors Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in cell lines with FGFR2/3 alterations.
• FSS2 Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2
• ERK extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
• Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 FBS2
• ERK extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
• phosphor-FRS2 Tyr436 (AF5126) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN)
• phosphor-FGFR-Tyr653/654 (#2476S)
• phospho-ERKl/2- Thr202/Tyr204 (#9101L)
• total-ERKl/2 (#9102L) from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA)
• RT112/84 tumor cells 85061106, ECACC, UK
• ECACC ECACC
• Table 5 a 1 : 1 PBS to Matrigel (354263, Corning) subcutaneously into the right hind flank of female NSG mice (Jackson).
• Tumor volume is calculated using the formula (L x W 2 )/2, where L and W refer to the length and width dimensions, respectively.
• Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) is calculated using the formula (1-(VT/VC))* 100 where VT is the tumor volume of the treatment group on the last day of treatment, and Vc is the tumor volume of the control group on the last day of treatment.
• TGI Tumor growth inhibition

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