EP2207864A1 - Organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen enthaltend azomethin-metall-komplexe - Google Patents
Organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen enthaltend azomethin-metall-komplexeInfo
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- EP2207864A1 EP2207864A1 EP08802877A EP08802877A EP2207864A1 EP 2207864 A1 EP2207864 A1 EP 2207864A1 EP 08802877 A EP08802877 A EP 08802877A EP 08802877 A EP08802877 A EP 08802877A EP 2207864 A1 EP2207864 A1 EP 2207864A1
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Definitions
- OLEDs organic electroluminescent devices
- OLEDs organic electroluminescent devices
- organometallic complexes which exhibit phosphorescence instead of fluorescence are increasingly being used (M.A. Baldo et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 4-6).
- organometallic compounds For quantum mechanical reasons, up to four times energy and power efficiency is possible using organometallic compounds as phosphorescence emitters.
- organometallic compounds as phosphorescence emitters.
- CBP 4,4'-bis (N-carbazolyl) biphenyl
- Ligands based on Schiff's base described as a host material for photoactive materials. However, only complexes with trivalent metals, in particular aluminum complexes, which are pentacoordinated or hexacoordinated, are disclosed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide triplet matrix materials which have a sufficiently high glass transition temperature and a very good thermal stability and are stable to hydrolysis and lead to improvements in the efficiency, lifetime and operating voltage in the organic electroluminescent devices compared to the prior art.
- the present invention accordingly provides organic electroluminescent devices comprising at least one phosphorescent compound in the emitting layer and at least one compound according to formula (I),
- M is the same or different metal ion in the +11 oxidation state at each occurrence, selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Ni, Pd, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sn and Pb;
- X is the same or different O, S or CO-O at each occurrence;
- Ar 1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more R radicals and in which individual aromatic groups via alkylene groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in which also one or more non-adjacent C Atoms may be replaced by O or S, may be linked together;
- Ar 2 is the same or different at each occurrence, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R;
- Y is the same or different at each occurrence as a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in which also one or more non-adjacent carbon atoms which do not bind to the nitrogen may be replaced by O and which may be replaced by one or more several radicals R may be substituted;
- R is identical or different at each occurrence H, F, Cl, Br, I,
- Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 may be replaced, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group with 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or a combination of these systems; two or more substituents R may also together form a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
- R 2 is the same or different H, F or an aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C-atoms, in each occurrence, in which also one or more H atoms may be replaced by F; two or more substituents R 2 may also together form a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
- n is the same or different 0, 1 or 2 for each occurrence.
- the compounds of formula (I) have a glass transition temperature T 9 of greater than 100 0 C, particularly preferably of more than 12O 0 C, to.
- a phosphorescent compound is understood as meaning a compound which luminesces from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, ie a spin state> 1, in particular from an excited triplet state.
- the emission can either be from a pure triplet state or from a mixed state with the participation of a
- any luminescence from an iridium or platinum complex is understood to be phosphorescence.
- An aryl group in the sense of the present invention contains 6 to 40 carbon atoms;
- a heteroaryl group contains 2 to 40 C atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms is at least
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and S.
- an aryl group or heteroaryl group is either a simple aromatic cycle, ie benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, or a fused aryl or heteroaryl group ,
- An aromatic ring system according to the present invention contains
- a heteroaromatic ring system in the context of the present invention contains 2 to 40 C atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms gives at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention is to be understood as meaning a system which does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups also do not aromatic moiety (preferably less than 10% of the atoms other than H), such as.
- B. an sp 3 - hybridized C, N or O atom, may be interrupted.
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ether, stilbene, are to be understood as aromatic ring systems in the context of the present invention, and also systems in which two or more aryl groups are interrupted, for example, by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a silyl group.
- a C 1 to C 40 alkoxy group is preferably understood as meaning methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy or 2-methylbutoxy.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted in each case with the abovementioned radicals R and which may be linked via any position on the aromatic or heteroaromatic, are understood in particular groups which are derived from benzene, Naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, benzanthracene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzfluoranthene, naphthacetic acid, pentacene, benzpyrene, dibenzanthracene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene , cis or trans monobenzoindenofluorene, cis or trans dibenzo
- the metal M is selected from Be, Mg, Pd, Zn or Cd.
- the metal M Zn is particularly preferred.
- Y identical or different at each occurrence, preferably stands for a single bond or for a group C (R) 2 , particularly preferably for a single bond.
- the symbol X identical or different at each occurrence, stands for O or S, particularly preferably for O.
- group Y-Ar - 1- ⁇ Y / X fo "rn 0 for a group of the following formulas (II) to (XV):
- the symbol Ar 2 is an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 16 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more R radicals. More preferably, the symbol Ar 2 , the same or different at each occurrence, is an aryl or heteroaryl group selected from phenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, 1- or 2-anthryl, 2- or 3-thienyl , 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinolinyl or 3-, A-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-isoquinolinyl, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R in each case. Very particular preference is given to phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-
- the symbol R identical or different at each occurrence, represents H, F, one straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a ve branched alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 aromatic ring atoms, each by a or a plurality of radicals R 2 may be substituted; two or more substituents R may also together form a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system.
- the symbol R 1 is H, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 C atoms, wherein in each case one or more H- Atoms may be replaced by F, or for an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 16 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 in each case.
- the symbol R 1 is H, a methyl group or a phenyl or naphthyl group, which may be substituted by one or more R 2 groups.
- the compounds of formula (I) may optionally be in the solid state in dimer or oligomeric form and are not necessarily as simple complexes as simplified in formula (I) pictured, before.
- Organic electroluminescent devices which contain compounds of the formula (I) which are present in dimer or oligomeric form are therefore of course included in the invention as well as electroluminescent devices which contain the compounds of the formula (I) as simple complexes.
- Examples of preferred compounds containing structural elements of the formula (I) are the compounds (1) to (180) depicted below.
- the compounds according to formula (I) can be synthesized by standard methods of organic chemistry.
- two synthesis options come into question.
- the compounds of the formula (I) are used in the organic electroluminescent devices as matrix materials for the phosphorescent emitters used in the emitting layer.
- Another object of the invention is therefore the use of compounds of formula (I) in organic electroluminescent devices as a matrix material for phosphorescent compounds.
- the organic electroluminescent device includes cathode, anode and at least one emitting layer.
- they may also contain further layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, electron blocking layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, charge generation layers (Charge Generation Layers, IDMC 2003, Taiwan, Session 21 OLED (5), T. Matsumoto, T. Nakada, J. Endo, K. Mori, N. Kawamura, A. Yokoi, J. Kido, Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer) and / or organic or inorganic p / n transitions.
- interlayers which have, for example, an exciton-blocking function can be introduced between two emitting layers. It should be noted, however, that not necessarily each of these layers must be present.
- the emitting layer containing the compound of the formula (I) and the phosphorescent emitter is a red, green or blue emitting layer.
- the organic electroluminescent device contains a plurality of emitting layers, wherein at least one layer contains at least one compound according to formula (I) and at least one phosphorescent compound.
- the emission layers have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that Overall, a white emission results, ie in the emitting layers different emitting compounds are used, which can fluoresce or phosphoresce.
- Particular preference is given to three-layer systems, the three layers exhibiting blue, green and orange or red emission (for the basic structure see, for example, WO 05/011013).
- Particularly preferred organic electroluminescent devices contain as phosphorescent emitter at least one compound of the formulas (XXII) to (XXV),
- DCy is the same or different at each occurrence, a cyclic one
- CCy is the same or different at each occurrence a cyclic
- A is the same or different at each occurrence as a mononionic, bidentate chelating ligand, preferably a diketonate ligand.
- a bridge can also be present between the groups DCy and CCy.
- Examples of the emitters described above can be found in the applications WO 00/70655, WO 01/41512, WO 02/02714, WO 02/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614 and WO 05/033244.
- the mixture of the at least one compound of the formula (I) and the at least one phosphorescent emitter contains between 1 and 99% by weight, preferably between 2 and 90% by weight, particularly preferably between 3 and 40% by weight, in particular between 5 and 15 wt .-% of the at least one phosphorescent emitter based on the total mixture of emitter and matrix material. Accordingly, the mixture contains between 99 and 1 wt .-%, preferably between 98 and 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 97 and 60 wt .-%, in particular between 95 and 85 wt .-% of at least one matrix material according to Formula (I) based on the total mixture of emitters and matrix material. In addition to the matrix material according to formula (I), the total mixture may also contain further matrix materials.
- an organic electroluminescent device which is characterized in that one or more layers are applied by a sublimation process.
- organic electroluminescent device which is characterized in that one or more layers with the
- OVPD Organic Vapor Phase Deposition
- Carrier sublimation are applied.
- the materials are applied at a pressure between 10 ⁇ 5 mbar and 1 bar.
- a special case of this process is the OVJP (Organic Vapor Jet Printing) process, in which the materials are applied directly through a nozzle and thus structured (for example, BMS Arnold et al., Appl. Phys. Lett.
- an organic electroluminescent device which is characterized in that one or more layers of solution, such. B. by spin coating, or with any printing process, such.
- any printing process such.
- screen printing flexographic printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or ink-jet printing (ink jet printing), are produced.
- LITI Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing
- ink-jet printing ink jet printing
- the compounds of the formula (I) When used in organic electroluminescent devices, the compounds of the formula (I) have the following surprising advantages over the prior art: 1.
- the operating voltage is significantly reduced when using compounds of formula (I) compared to B-Alq and other aluminum complexes, resulting in a significantly higher power efficiency.
- the compounds of the formula (I) have a significantly higher glass transition temperature than CBP, which is frequently used according to the prior art as a triplet matrix material.
- Method A can be used if the by-product (H 2 O) does not destroy the complex to be prepared. If this complex is sensitive to moisture or if the imine formation is not quantitative, method B is suitable.
- the ligand synthesis is carried out using azeotropic distillation to carry out the water formed.
- 300 ml of dry toluene are heated to boiling in a distillation apparatus with a three-necked flask, stirrer, internal thermometer and dropping funnel. Subsequently, will
- the complex obtained by this method contains as a byproduct the free ligand, which makes the preparation of the complex in a purity> 99% difficult.
- the method described above ⁇ 5 starting from 8.9 g (48 mmol) of 2,2'-diamino Diphenyl, 17 g (140 mmol) of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 8.8 g (48 mmol) of zinc acetate dihydrate and 40 ml of triethylamine in 400 ml of absolute MeOH gives the complex in a very high yield and in a purity of> 99.9%.
- This complex is prepared according to method (A) starting from 16 g (48 mmol) of 3 ', 2 "-diaminop-quaterphenyl, 24.3 g (140 mmol) of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 8.8 g (48 mmol) of zinc acetate.
- This complex is synthesized by method (B).
- This complex is synthesized by method (B).
- the synthesis is carried out from 11, 16 g (60.59 mmol) of 2,2-diaminodiphenyl, 23 g (120 mmol) of 2-hydroxybenzophenone and 0.2 g (1, 1 mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid in 400 ml of toluene. After 24 hours, the precipitated solid is washed with cold methanol. This gives 22.5 g (41 mmol) of a crystalline solid. The total yield is 70%.
- Electroluminescent devices according to the invention can be described as 1 0 example, in WO 05/003253, can be produced. Here the results of different OLEDs are compared. The basic structure, the materials used, the degree of doping and their layer thicknesses are identical for better comparability. Only the host in the emission layer is varied.
- the first 15 Device Example describes a comparative standard of the prior art in which the emission layer of the host material B-Alq and the guest material (dopant) Ir (piq) 3 consists. Furthermore, an OLED with an emitter layer consisting of the host material Zn-
- HIL Hole Injection Layer 10 nm 2,2 ', 7,7'-tetrakis (di-para-tolylamino) spiro-9,9'-bifluorene
- HTL Hole transport layer 30 nm NPB (N-naphthyl-N-phenyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl)
- Emission Layer (EML) Host B-Alq (evaporated, purified by E-Ray and further purified, twice sublimed; bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N1, 08) - (1,1'-biphenyl-4-olato) aluminum or CBP (bis (carbazol-9-yl) biphenyl) as comparisons or Zn complex (1) .
- Dotand Ir (prq) 3 (10% doping, evaporated, synthesized according to WO 03/0068526).
- Electron conductor (ETL) 20 nm AlQ 3 obtained from E-Ray, tris (quinolinato) aluminum (III)
- OLEDs are characterized by default; For this purpose, the electroluminescence spectra, the efficiency (measured in cd / A) as a function of the brightness, calculated from current-voltage-brightness characteristics (ILJL characteristics), and the lifetime are determined.
- voltages of 7.5 V are required for the reference luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 .
- the lifetime is about 7000 hours with an initial luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 (see Table 1).
Abstract
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WO2009062578A1 (de) | 2009-05-22 |
DE102007053771A1 (de) | 2009-05-14 |
US20100244009A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
US8487300B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
KR20100096162A (ko) | 2010-09-01 |
JP5591710B2 (ja) | 2014-09-17 |
KR101571178B1 (ko) | 2015-11-23 |
JP2011503886A (ja) | 2011-01-27 |
CN101878279B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
TW200946635A (en) | 2009-11-16 |
CN101878279A (zh) | 2010-11-03 |
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