CN1236183C - 用于地板块机械连接的锁定系统及其生产方法 - Google Patents

用于地板块机械连接的锁定系统及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1236183C
CN1236183C CNB018039227A CN01803922A CN1236183C CN 1236183 C CN1236183 C CN 1236183C CN B018039227 A CNB018039227 A CN B018039227A CN 01803922 A CN01803922 A CN 01803922A CN 1236183 C CN1236183 C CN 1236183C
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达尔科·珀尔万
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机械连接地板块(1、1′)的锁定系统，该地板块具有本体(30)、下平衡层(34)和上表面层(32)。一板条(6)与所述地板块(1)的本体成为一体且在邻接地板块(1′)下方延伸。该板条(6)具有锁定元件(8)，该锁定元件与邻接地板块(1′)的下侧面上的锁定槽(14)啮合，形成水平接头。舌片(38)和舌槽(36)形成平面平行的上、下接触面(43、45)之间的垂直接头，且这样设计，即下接触面(45)位于锁定元件(8)的上侧面和包含地板块的下侧面(3)之间的高度。本发明还涉及一种具有所述锁定系统的地板块、由所述地板块制成的地板，以及加工这种锁定系统的方法。

Description

用于地板块机械连接的锁定 系统及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明主要涉及地板块的机械锁定领域。本发明涉及一种用于地板块机械锁定的改进的锁定系统、一种具有所述改进的锁定系统的地板块、一种由所述地板块构成的地板以及制造所述地板块的方法。本发明主要涉及在WO94/26999和WO99/66151中描述和示出的锁定系统的改进。
更准确地说，本发明涉及一种用于具有本体且最好具有在本体上侧的表面层和在本体后侧的平衡层的类型的地板块机械连接的锁定系统，所述锁定系统包含：(i)为水平连接分别在垂直的接头平面处的第一和第二地板块的第一和第二接头边缘部分，一方面在所述第二板块的下侧形成的且在所述第二接头边缘部分处平行于所述垂直的接头平面且远离一定距离的锁定槽，另一方面，与所述第一板块本体整体形成的板条，在所述第一接头边缘部分处该板条从所述垂直的接头平面伸出，并支撑一锁定元件，该锁定元件朝含有所述第一板块的上侧面的平面伸出，且具有与所述锁定槽相互作用的锁定面，(ii)为了垂直连接第一和第二接头边缘部分，一方面部分从所述接头平面伸出并延伸的舌片，另一方面，适于与所述舌片相互作用的舌槽，第一和第二地板块在其用于垂直连接的接头边缘部分内具有相互作用的上、下接触面，其中至少上接触面包含在所述舌槽和所述舌片中的表面部分。
本发明的应用领域
本发明尤其适用于由上表面层、中间纤维板本体和下平衡层构成的薄的浮动地板块的机械连接，比如具有纤维板本体的层压地板和胶合板地板。因此，下面现有技术的描述，已知系统带有的问题，以及本发明的目的和特征将作为非限制性的示例，集中在这一应用领域，尤其是集中在具有约1.2m*0.2m的尺寸和约7-10mm的厚度并预计在长侧以及短侧机械连接的矩形地板块上。
发明背景
薄的层压地板和胶合板地板通常由6-9mm的纤维板构成的本体、0.20-0.8mm厚的上表面层和0.1-0.6mm厚的下平衡层组成。表面层为地板块提供外观和耐久性。本体提供稳定性，而平衡层在一年内相对湿度(RH)变化时保持地板块水平。RH可以在15％和90％之间变化。这种类型的普通地板块通常通过长侧和短侧的胶粘舌-槽接头(即，包括地板块上的舌片和相邻地板块上的舌槽的接头)进行连接。在铺地板时，水平地一起移动地板块，使沿第一地板块的接头边缘部分突出的舌片插入沿第二相邻地板块的接头边缘部分的舌槽中。用相同的方法连接长侧和短侧。舌片和舌槽仅用于这种水平连接，并特别考虑胶槽和胶粘表面应当如何设计，以便使舌片有效地粘接在舌槽内。该舌-槽接头使垂直地定位地板块的上、下接触面相互作用，从而确保所铺成的地板的平整表面。
除了这种通过胶粘的舌-槽接头连接的普通地板之外，近年来已经研制了改为机械连接而不需要使用胶水的地板块。这种类型的机械接头系统在下文中称作“板条锁定系统”，因为这种系统的最特殊的部件是支撑锁定元件的突出板条。
WO94/26999和WO88/66151(所有人Vlinge Aluminium AB)公开了一种用于连接建筑物镶板尤其是地板块的板条锁定系统。这种锁定系统可以使地板块以直角且平行在长侧和短侧的所述地板块的主平面实现机械锁定。制造这种地板的方法在EP0958441和EP0958442(所有人Vlinge Aluminium AB)中公开。在上述四篇文献中描述的这种地板块的设计和安装的基本原理，以及制造这种地板的方法，可以用于本发明，因此这些文献通过引用而包含在本文中。
为了有利于本发明的理解和描述，以及理解本发明的有关问题，下面将参照附图中的图1-3简要描述上述WO94/26999和WO88/66151的公知地板块的基本设计和功能。但是在可应用的情况下，下面对现有技术的描述也适用于下面描述的本发明的实施例。
图3a和3b分别是公知地板块1的顶视图和底视图。板块1是矩形的，具有上侧面、下侧面、形成接头边缘部分的两相对的长侧4a和4b，和形成接头边缘部分的两相对的短侧5a和5b。
长侧4a、4b和短侧5a、5b可以沿图1c中的方向D2机械连接，而不使用胶水，从而使它们可以在接头平面F(图2c中标出)内连接。为此，板块1具有在工厂安装好的扁平条板6，从其一长侧4a水平伸出，该板条在长侧4a的整个长度上延伸，且由柔性的、弹性铝片制成。板条6可以根据所示的实施例机械固定，或者通过胶水，或以其他方式。也可使用其他的板条材料，比如其他金属片，以及铝或塑料型材。或者，板条6可以与板块1以单件的方式制成，例如通过对板块1的本体进行适当的加工。本发明可用于板条与本体整体制成的地板块，且解决在这种地板中以及其制造中出现的特殊问题。地板块的本体不必，但最好由均匀的材料制成。然而，板条6总是与地板块1结合的，即，它从不在铺设地板时安装在板块1上，而是在工厂里安装或制造。板条6的宽度可以约为30mm，其厚度约为0.5mm。类似地沿板块1的短侧设置更短的板条6′。从接头平面F伸出的板条6的一部分具有延伸整个板条6的长度的锁定元件8。锁定元件8具有面对接头平面F的有效锁定表面10。当铺设地板时，该锁定表面10与相邻板块1′的相对长侧的接头边缘部分4b下侧形成的锁定槽14相互作用。较短侧板条6′设有对应的锁定元件8′，且相对短侧的接头边缘部分5b具有对应的锁定槽14′。锁定槽14、14′的远离接头平面F的边缘形成用于与锁定元件的有效锁定表面10相互作用的有效锁定表面。
而且，为了实现垂直方向(图1c中的方向D1)上长侧和短侧机械连接，板块具有沿一个长侧(接头边缘部分4a)和一个短侧(接头边缘部分5a)的横向开口凹槽16。在底部，所述凹槽16由相应的板条6、6′限定。在相对的边缘部分4b和5b处，有一限定与凹槽16相互作用的锁定舌20的上凹槽18(见图2a)。
图1a-1c示出了在衬垫12上的两块这种板块1、1′的两长侧4a、4b如何通过向下倾斜而连接在一起。图2a-2c示出了板块1、1′的短侧5a、5b如何通过快速卡扣而连接在一起。所述长侧4a、4b可以通过两种方法连接在一起，而所述短侧5a、5b-当第一排已经铺好时-通常在长侧4a、4b连接在一起之后仅通过快速卡扣连接在一起。
当一块新板块1′和前面安装好的板块1沿其长侧4a、4b如图1a-1c所示连接在一起时，新板块1′的长侧4b如图1a所示压在前面板块1的长侧4a上，从而使锁定舌20进入凹槽16中。然后板块1′如图1b所示朝底层地板12向下倾斜。在这种连接中，锁定舌20完全进入凹槽16中，同时板条6的锁定元件8进入锁定槽14中。在这种向下倾斜的过程中，锁定元件8的上部分9可以起作用而朝前面安装好的板块1引导新的板块1′。在如图1c所示的接合状态，板块1、1′沿其长侧4a、4b在方向D1和方向D2上锁定，但板块1、1′可以沿长侧4a、4b在接头的纵向方向上互相移动。
图2a-2c示出了板块1、1′如何通过朝前面安装好的板块1基本上水平地移动新板块1′而在方向D1和方向D2上机械连接的。特别是，这可以在通过如图1a-1c所示的方法在新板块1′的长侧连接于前面安装好的板块1之后进行。在图2a的第一步骤中，分别邻近凹槽16和锁定舌20的斜面相配合，而作为短侧5a、5b连接在一起的直接结果，迫使板条6′向下移动。在使短侧最终连接在一起的过程中，当锁定元件8′进入锁定槽14′时板条6′卡锁，从而使锁定元件8′和锁定槽14′的有效锁定面互相啮合。
通过重复图1a-c和2a-c所示的步骤，可以铺设整个地板，而沿所有接头边缘部分都不使用胶水。这样，上述类型的已知地板块通常通过首先使其在长侧上向下倾斜，然后当长侧固定后，通过新板块1′沿前面安装好的板块1的长侧水平移动而使短侧卡扣在一起而机械连接。板块1、1′可以采取相反的铺设顺序，而不会对接头产生任何损害，且可以再次铺设。这些铺设原理也适用于本发明。
为了最佳功能，在连接在一起之后，所述板块应当能呈现出沿其长侧的状态，其中在锁定元件的有效锁定面10和锁定槽14′的有效锁定面10′之间可能存在小间隙。参照WO94/26999更详细地描述这种间隙。
除了从上述专利说明书中知道的之外，在1996年1月德国Hannover的Domotex商品交易会上VlingeAluminium AB的被许可人挪威的Norske Skog Flooring AS(NSF)介绍了一种根据WO94/26999的机械连接的层压地板。这种层压地板7.2mm厚，且具有0.6mm的铝条6，该铝条机械连接在舌片侧。锁定元件8的有效锁定面10具有到板块平面约80°的倾角(在下文中称作锁定角)。这种垂直连接设计为改进的舌-槽接头，术语“改进的”指的是通过倾斜而使舌槽和舌片连接在一起的可能性。
WO97/47834(所有人Unilin Beeher B.V.，荷兰)描述了一种板条锁定系统，该系统具有纤维板条，且基本上基于上述公知原理。在对应的产品中，该所有人在1997年下半年开始销售，人们开始寻求实现板块的偏压。这导致产生较高的摩擦力，且难以使板块倾斜到一起并使其偏移。该文献示出了所述锁定系统的多个实施例。上述产品在图4b中以截面形式示出。
其他公知的用于板块材料机械连接的锁定系统例如在GB-A-2256023和US-A-4426820(图4d所示)中描述，其中GB-A-2256023示出了用于形成户外使用的木板的膨胀接头的单向机械连接，US-A-4426820涉及一种用于塑料运动地板的机械锁定系统，这种地板特意设计成地板块既不互相移动，也不通过快速卡扣锁定地板块短侧的形式。
在1998年秋季，NSF提出了一种7.2mm的具有板条锁定系统的层压地板，该锁定系统包含纤维板条，且根据WO94/26999和WO99/66151制造。这种层压地板具有图4a所示的剖面。
1999年1月，德国的Kronotex提出了一种具有板条锁定的7.8mm厚的层压地板。这种系统的接头边缘部分的剖面在图4c中示出。而且在这种地板中，所述板条由纤维板和平衡层构成。
在1999年内，世界市场上机械锁定系统已经占据了主要位置，且在2000年1月大约20个制造商已经展示了基本上是Fiboloc、Uniclic和Isilock的变体的不同类型的锁定系统。
发明内容
与传统的胶粘地板相比，虽然根据WO94/26999和WO99/66151的地板都显示出主要的优点，但仍然希望主要是在薄地板结构中改进。
所述接头系统由三部分构成。在接头中，上部分P1吸收地板表面上的负载。中间部分P2形成D1方向的舌片和舌槽形式的垂直接头。下部分P3利用板条和锁定元件形成D2方向的水平锁定。
在薄地板块中，采用现有技术难以形成同时具有足够高且稳定的上部分、较厚且坚固刚硬的舌片和具有较高锁定元件的足够厚的板条的接头系统。根据图4d即根据US4426820的接头系统也不能解决问题，因为具有平行于地板块上侧或地板平面的上、下接触面的舌槽不能使用通常制造地板块中使用的磨削工具。在根据图4d的设计方案中其他的接头几何形状不能通过加工木质板制造，因为所有表面互相紧密地邻接，而没有形成用于制造误差的空间。而且，板条和锁定元件以需要对加工出锁定槽的接头边缘部分有相当大改进的方式形成所需的尺寸。
目前，没有已知的产品或方法能够满意地解决与采用机械连接系统的薄地板块相关的问题的解决方案。必须选择折中(i)或者产生较薄的舌片和在对应舌槽上方接头边缘部分的足够的材料厚度，而不管平面平行的接触面，(ii)或者使用互相倾斜的上、下接触面和分别位于相邻地板块的舌片和舌槽上的向下延伸的突起和对应的凹槽，(iii)或者产生具有小高度的锁定元件的薄且机械强度弱的锁定条。
因此，本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的缺陷。本发明的另一目的是提供一种锁定系统、一种地板块和一种制造具有上述锁定系统的地板块的方法，其中同时可以实现
(i)具有舌片和舌槽的稳定接头，
(ii)在所述舌槽上方材料的稳定部分，
(iii)具有高强度和良好功能的板条和锁定元件。
为了同时达到这些标准，必须考虑具有机械锁定系统的地板块的制造情况。问题主要是在涉及层压型薄地板块时产生的，但这些问题存在于所有类型的薄地板块中。下面将分别讨论三种对立的标准。
(i)舌-槽接头
如果地板较薄，那么没有足够的材料形成所需性能的足够厚度的舌槽和舌片。在铺设时薄舌片易于损坏，且垂直方向上的地板强度不够。如果人们试图通过使舌片和舌槽之间的接触面倾斜而代替与地板块的上侧面平行来改善性能，那么在加工过程中加工工具必须垂直地和水平地相对于加工的地板块高度精确地定位。这意味着制造将更加困难，且将难以实现舌片和舌槽之间的最佳精确配合。制造误差必须能实现百分之几毫米的配合，因为否则在铺设地板块时将难以或不可能使地板块平行于接头边缘部分移动。
(ii)舌槽上方的材料部分
在机械锁定系统中，不使用胶水来保持铺设好的地板的舌片和舌槽在一起。在较低湿度时，地板块的表面层收缩，位于舌槽上方且因此在其下侧没有平衡层的材料部分如果较薄，那么结果可能是向上弯曲。该材料部分的向上弯曲可能导致在接头区域的相邻地板块的表面层之间的垂直移动，致使接头边缘部分磨损和损坏的危险增加。为了减小向上弯曲的危险，因此需要尽量使舌槽上方的材料部分尽可能厚。采用公知地板块机械连接的锁定系统的几何设计，如果同时进行高精度误差的有效制造，那么必须减小垂直方向上地板块的舌片和舌槽的厚度。然而，舌片和舌槽厚度的减小尤其导致产生垂直于铺设地板平面的接头强度降低，且在铺设过程中产生的损坏危险增加。
(iii)板条和锁定元件
在地板块的下部分上形成板条和锁定元件。如果需要保持薄地板块的总厚度，且同时希望在锁定槽上方有厚材料部分，且锁定元件和板条仅在位于舌槽下方的地板块部分上形成，那么形成具有足够高的锁定表面和上引导部分的锁定元件的板条将局限于所不希望的方式。最接近接头平面和舌槽下部分的板条可以较厚且刚性，这使得通过板条向后弯曲利用快速卡扣锁定变得困难。如果同时板条的材料厚度减小和下接触面的较大部分保持在舌槽中，那么另一方面导致的危险是在铺设时或随后移动时地板块将损坏。
在地板块的制造过程中还必须考虑的问题是，其中锁定系统-舌片/舌槽和具有啮合锁定槽的锁定元件的板条-通过加工板形原材料的边缘部分而加工成，必须可以以简单的方式引导刀具并正确定位，且相对于板形原材料有非常高的精度。除屑刀具在一个以上的方向上的引导意味着在制造过程中受限，且还导致降低制造误差的较大危险，因此导致最后生产的地板块具有更差的功能。
总之，更需要提供一种比现有技术在更大程度上满足上述需求、问题和迫切要求的锁定系统。本发明旨在满足这种需求。
本发明的这些和其他目的通过具有独立权利要求中所述特征的一种锁定系统、一种地板块、一种地板和一种制造方法而实现。从属权利要求限定了本发明的优选实施例。
基于第一种理解，本发明必须采用舌槽的下接触面向下移动且经过锁定元件的上部分的锁定系统而使所确认的问题基本上得到解决。
基于相对于制造技术的第二种理解，本发明中舌槽必须这样设计，即它可以使用地板制造时通常使用的大型磨削工具合理地且有非常高的精度地制造，在其相对于加工的地板块的接头边缘部分移动时，需要沿仅形成平行接触面的一个方向引导，同时刀具沿地板块材料的接头边缘部分(或者是所述接头边缘部分相对于刀具)移动。在接头边缘部分的公知设计方案中，在多数情况下这种加工需要在两个方向上引导，同时刀具和地板块材料发生相对移动。
根据本发明的第一方面，本发明提供了一种如前言所述且根据本发明的类型的锁定系统，其特征在于
所述上、下接触面基本上平面平行且基本上平行于包含地板块的上侧面的平面，
锁定元件的上边缘位于一水平面内，该上边缘最接近包含地板块的上侧面的平面，该水平面位于上、下接触面之间且比上接触面更接近下接触面。
根据本发明的另一方面，本发明提供了一种新的加工板条和舌槽的制造方法。根据传统的方法，舌槽总是通过单独的刀具加工。根据本发明的舌槽通过两个刀具分两步加工，其中舌槽的下部分及其下接触面通过一个刀具加工，而舌槽的上部分及其上接触面通过另一个刀具加工，本发明的方法包含步骤1)通过倾斜的磨削刀具以相对于地板块和板条的水平面＜90°的角度操作而形成板条的一部分、舌槽的下部分的一部分和下接触面，2)通过另一水平操作的刀具形成舌槽的上部分和上接触面。
根据本发明的另一方面，本发明还提供了一种加工上述类型的具有平面平行的上、下接触面的锁定系统和地板块的方法。这种方法特征在于
所述舌槽的一部分和至少下接触面的一部分通过除屑刀具形成，该刀具的除屑表面部分形成与第一接头部分的去除接触，且向内倾斜并经过所述接头平面，
所述上接触面和舌槽的一部分通过除屑刀具形成，在基本上平行于包含地板块的上侧面的平面的平面内，该刀具的除屑表面部分与第一接头部分形成去除接触。
附图简要说明
图1a-c通过三个步骤示出了根据WO94/26999的用于机械连接地板块长侧的向下倾斜法。
图2a-c通过三个步骤示出了根据WO94/26999的用于机械连接地板块短侧的快速卡扣法。
图3a-b分别是根据WO94/26999的地板块的顶视平面图和底视图。
图4示出了三种可在市场上得到的具有整体形成的纤维板条和平衡层的板条锁定系统，和根据US4426820的板条锁定系统。
图5示出了一种用于地板块长侧连接的板条锁定结构，其中接头系统的不同部分加工出三个高度P1、P2和P3，如WO99/66151所述。
图6示出了已经具有根据本发明的锁定系统的两块连接在一起的地板块的一部分。
图7和8示出了根据本发明的用于制造具有根据本发明的锁定系统的地板块的制造方法示例。
图9a-d示出了根据本发明的地板块和锁定系统的变体。
优选实施例的详细描述
在描述优选实施例之前，参照图5，首先给出板条锁定系统中最重要部分的详细解释。
图5所示的剖面是假设的，不是公开的剖面，但它们十分类似已知的地板块“Fiboloc”和根据WO99/66151的锁定系统。因此，图5不代表本发明。对应于前面图中的部分在多数情况下具有相同的参考数字。在图5中板块基本部件的结构、功能和材料成分基本上与本发明的实施例相同，因此在可适用的情况下，图5的下述内容也用于随后描述本发明的实施例。
在所示实施例中，图5中的板块1、1′是矩形的，具有相对的长侧4a、4b和相对的短侧5a、5b。图5示出了板块1的长侧4a的一部分以及邻接板块1′的长侧4b的一部分的垂直剖面。板块1的本体可以由纤维板本体30构成，该本体支撑在其前侧的表面层32和在其后侧(底侧)的平衡层34。板条6从地板块的本体和平衡层上形成且支撑锁定元件8。因此板条6和锁定元件8在某种程度上构成了地板块1的舌槽36的下部分的延伸部分。在板条6上形成的锁定元件8具有有效的锁定面10，该锁定面与邻接板块1′的相对接头边缘部分4b的锁定槽14的有效锁定面配合。通过有效锁定面之间的啮合，实现了接头边缘部分的横向(方向D2)水平锁定板块1、1′。锁定元件8的有效锁定面10和锁定槽的有效锁定面与平行于地板块的上侧面的平面形成一个锁定角A。该锁定角＜90°，最好是55-85°。锁定元件的上部分具有引导部分9，当向内倾斜时，该引导部分引导地板块到达正确的位置。锁定元件和板条具有相对高度P3。
为了在D1方向上形成垂直锁定，接头边缘部分4a具有横向开口的舌槽36，而相对的接头边缘部分4b具有横向伸出的舌片38，在连接状态下该舌片容纳在舌槽36中。锁定系统的上接触面43和下接触面45也是平面且平行于地板块的平面。
在如图5所示的连接状态，板块1、1′的两个并置的上接头边缘部分41和42形成了一个垂直接头平面F。舌槽具有相对高度P2，在舌槽的上接触面43上方的材料部分具有直到地板块的上侧面32的相对高度P1。在舌槽下方的地板块的材料部分具有相对高度P3。而且锁定元件8的高度大约对应于高度P3。因此地板块的厚度T＝P1+P2+P3。
图6示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的示例，不同于图5中的实施例，舌片38和舌槽36在地板块中向下偏移，而使它们偏心地定位。而且，舌片38(以及舌槽)的厚度已经增加，同时锁定元件8的相对高度已经保持为大约P3。因此舌片38和舌槽36上方的材料部分明显更加刚硬和坚固，同时地板厚度T、板条6和锁定元件8的外部部分不变。在本发明中，下接触面45已经向外偏移而基本上位于舌槽36的外侧和板条6的上侧面上的接头平面F的外侧，因此舌片38将在接头平面F处或刚好外侧啮合下接触面。而且，与安装状态的舌片38的自由端相比，舌槽36进一步延伸到地板块1中，从而在舌片和舌槽之间留有间隙46。该间隙46有利于类似图1a所示向内倾斜时舌片38插入舌槽36中。而且，在接头平面F处的舌槽36的上开口边缘在47处斜切，这也利于舌片插入舌槽中。
如所述，与根据WO99/66151和“Fiboloc”的现有技术相比，锁定元件8的高度基本上保持不变。这导致锁定效果不变。两有效锁定面的锁定角A＜90°，且最好在55-85°的范围内。更可取的是，锁定面大致与一圆弧相切地延伸，该圆弧的中心在接头平面F经过地板块上侧面的位置。如果就在锁定面10紧接上方的锁定元件的引导部分9已经稍圆角化，那么在类似于图1b所示的地板块1′的向下倾斜过程中有利于锁定元件8导入锁定槽14中。因为两邻接地板块1、1′在D2方向上锁定在一起是通过有效锁定面之间的啮合实现的，所以从接头的横向看锁定槽14可以稍宽于锁定元件8，所以在锁定元件的外端和锁定槽的对应表面之间可以留有间隙。结果，利于地板块的安装，且没有降低锁定效果。而且，推荐在锁定元件8的上侧面和锁定槽14的底面之间有间隙。所以，槽14的深度应当至少等于锁定元件8的高度，但最好是槽的深度稍大于锁定元件的高度。
根据本发明的具体的优选实施例，舌片38和舌槽36在地板块的厚度方向上偏心地定位，且与地板块的上侧面相比更靠近下侧面。
根据本发明，最佳的是满足下述关系式的锁定系统和地板块
T-(P1+0.3*P2)＞P3，其中
T＝地板块的厚度，
P1＝沿地板块的厚度方向测量的地板块的上侧面2和所述上接触面43之间的距离，
P2＝沿地板块的厚度方向测量的所述上、下接触面43、45之间的距离，
P3＝在最接近地板块的上侧面的锁定元件8的上边缘49和地板块的下侧面3之间的距离。
已经发现，从强度和功能的观点出发，如果锁定系统还满足关系式P2＞P3，那么则是有益的。
而且，已经发现，如果满足关系式P3＞0.3*T，那么则尤其有益，因为这可以产生邻接地板块的更可靠的连接。
如果满足了关系式P1＞0.3*T，那么在舌槽36和地板块的上侧面2之间的材料部分上实现最佳的材料厚度。这减少了该材料部分翘曲的危险，从而使重叠的表面涂层将不再与邻接地板块的表面涂层位于同样平面内。
为了确保舌片38的更大强度，推荐舌片的尺寸满足关系式P2＞0.3*T。
通过以这样一种方式形成舌片38和舌槽36的配合部分，即当第一和第二地板块机械组装时，第一地板块1的舌槽的内边界表面比第二地板块1′的对应表面更远离垂直接头平面F，因此有利于舌片插入舌槽内。同时降低了在地板块平面内对除屑刀具精确引导的需求。
而且，垂直于接头平面F看，当第一和第二地板块1、1′机械组装时，锁定槽14最好比锁定元件8的对应部分更远离垂直接头平面F。这种设计也利于地板块的铺设和安置。
在使用具有根据本发明的锁定系统的板块铺设成的地板中，第一和第二地板块是相同设计的。而且，最好是地板块可以通过根据本发明的锁定系统沿所有四侧与邻接的地板块机械连接。
图7和8描述了根据本发明的制造技术。类似于现有技术，使用除屑加工，其中除屑磨削或研磨刀具与地板块的所述第一和第二接头边缘部分4a、4b形成除屑接触，一方面形成接头边缘部分4a、4b的上表面部分41、42，从而使它们沿地板块的宽度方向测量而彼此精确地间隔正确的距离，另一方面分别形成锁定槽14、板条6、锁定元件8、舌片38、舌槽36和上、下接触面43和45。
类似于现有技术，首先加工地板块材料而得到接头边缘部分4a、4b(以及5a、5b)的上表面部分41、42之间的正确宽度和正确长度。
根据本发明，然后顺序进行与现有技术相反的除屑加工，利用仅在一个方向(除了沿地板块材料的移动方向之外)上必须高精度引导的刀具分两步进行除屑加工。
通过倾斜的刀具进行制造是本身公知的方法，但舌片和舌槽之间的平面平行的接触面和锁定元件共同制造不是先前公知的，其中锁定元件的上侧面位于锁定系统的下接触面上方的一平面内。
与现有技术相反，舌槽36利用两个刀具V1、V2在两个不同的步骤中加工成。第一除屑刀具V1用于形成最接近地板块的下侧面3的舌槽38的一部分和至少下接触面45的一部分。该刀具V1具有向内倾斜且经过接头平面F的除屑表面部分。这种第一刀具的除屑表面部分的实施例在图7中示出。在这种情况下，该刀具形成整个下接触面45、将加工出的舌槽36的下部分，以及锁定元件8的有效锁定面部分10和引导面9。结果，将更容易保证所需的误差，因为这种刀具仅需要在切割深度(在地板块的厚度方向上决定下接触面45的位置)方面和相对于假设的接头平面F高精度定位。在该实施例中，这种刀具形成直到锁定元件8的上侧面的舌槽36的一部分。垂直方向上刀具相对于地板块的位置容易保证，且如果垂直于接头平面F的位置精确引导，那么锁定元件的有效锁定面部分10将以正确的距离相对于接头平面F和地板块的上侧面3之间的边缘而精确定位。
因此第一刀具V1形成将加工成的舌槽的一部分、板条6、下接触面45、锁定元件8的有效锁定面10和引导部分9。可取的是这种刀具相对于地板块的主平面以角度A倾斜，该角度对应于锁定面的角度。
显然在第一制造步骤中的这种加工可以分多个分步骤进行，其中所述分步骤之一是通过倾斜的磨削刀具仅形成舌槽的下部分和接头平面F外侧的下接触面45。板条和锁定元件的其余部分可以在随后的分步骤中通过另一刀具形成，该刀具也可以是对应倾斜的。然而，第二刀具也可以是直的，而可以相对于地板块的上侧面垂直向下移动。所以，刀具V1可以分成两个或多个分刀具，其中最接近接头平面F的分刀具形成舌槽的一部分和整个下接触面45，或者其一部分，而随后的分刀具或多个刀具形成板条6及其锁定元件8的其余部分。
在第二制造步骤中，舌槽38的其余部分和整个接触面43通过除屑刀具V2形成，该刀具的除屑表面部分(图8所示)在基本上平行于包含地板块上侧面2的平面的平面内与第一接头部分4a形成除屑啮合。因此该刀具V2平行于地板块的上侧面3插入，在锁定元件8的上侧面和地板块的上侧面之间的高度上进行加工。
优选的制造方法最适于转动的磨削刀具，但该接头系统可以以多种其他的方式利用多个刀具制造，每一刀具以不同的角度在不同的平面内工作。
通过将舌槽的加工分成两个步骤，且利用两个刀具V1和V2进行，可以在锁定元件的上侧面下方的高度上定位下接触面45。而且，这种制造方法可以在地板块中偏心地定位舌片和舌槽，而与迄今可行的地板块的制造相比，形成了在地板块的厚度方向上具有更大厚度的舌片和舌槽，其中板条与地板块的其余部分成为整体且最好是一体式的。本发明可用于板块的主要部分和板块的接头边缘部分是相同成分的地板块，以及接头边缘部分由另一种材料制成但在除屑加工而形成锁定系统的不同部分之前与板块成为整体的地板块。
本发明的多种变体都是可行的。该接头系统可以有多种不同的接头结合形状，其中上述参数的某些或全部都是不同的，特别是当目的是使特定的性能排在其他性能之上时。
所有人已经考虑并测试了基于上述内容的多种变体。
锁定元件的高度和所述表面的角度可以变化。锁定槽的锁定面和锁定元件的锁定面都不必具有相同的斜度。所述板条的厚度可以在其垂直于接头平面F的宽度上变化，且尤其是该板条可以在锁定元件附近更薄。而且接头平面F和锁定槽14之间的板块厚度可以变化。垂直和水平接头可以在锁定系统的非有效表面之间留有间隙，从而在平行于接头边缘部分移动时的摩擦减小，而更有利于安装。舌槽的深度可以作得非常小，且具有小于1mm的舌槽深度，利用刚硬的厚舌片可实现足够的强度。
图9a-d示出了本发明的其他实施例的一些示例。舌槽和板条的那些位于标出的水平平面H下方的部分最好通过倾斜刀具(对应于刀具V1)加工，而舌槽的那些位于所述水平平面上方的部分通过水平工作的刀具(对应于刀具V2)加工。
图9a示出了下接触面45基本上在接头平面F外侧且接触面的非常小的一部分在接头平面F内侧的实施例。在舌片38和锁定槽14之间有一在舌片下侧面的凹槽50。当在铺设板块过程中沿接头平面F移动邻接的地板块1、1′时，该凹槽用于降低舌片和板条6之间的摩擦。
图9b示出了下接触面45完全位于接头平面F外侧的实施例。为了减小摩擦，在这种情况下在板条6的上侧面已经形成凹槽51，而锁定舌片的接触面45保持为平面。锁定元件8已经加工得稍低，这使该锁定系统尤其适于通过快速卡扣连接短侧。板条6上的凹槽51也减小了板条的刚度，因此有利于通过快速卡扣连接。
图9c示出了具有中心定位的舌片38和较短的刚性板条6的实施例，下平面接触面45构成板条的上侧面，且大部分位于接头平面F外侧。正如根据本发明的其他实施例一样，下接触面45位于锁定元件8的上侧面下方的平面内，即在标出的水平平面H下方。
图9d示出了具有稳定的锁定系统的实施例。在垂直方向(D1方向)上的锁定分别通过上、下接触面43和45实现，其中下接触面仅从接头平面F延伸较短的距离。在下接触面45外侧直到锁定元件的板条部分已经通过形成凹槽53而变低，因此它们不会与邻接的地板块1′接触。这意味着当在地板块的铺设过程中沿接头平面F的方向移动邻接的地板块时，减小了摩擦。根据图9d的示例还示出了离接头平面F最远的舌槽36的表面部分不需要非常高，除了在这些表面部分和舌片38的对应表面部分之间有间隙46。该图还示出了利用刀具V2的加工可以形成更大的深度，而产生在水平面H上方以同样的斜度延伸的直斜面54。

Claims (32)

1.一种地板系统，包括数个可机械相连的地板块(1)，每个地板块具有一个本体(30)，所述地板块包含：
为了在垂直的接头平面(F)处分别水平连接第一和第二地板块(1、1′)的第一和第二接头边缘部分(4a、4b)，一方面在所述第二板块(1′)的下侧面(3)形成的且在所述第二接头边缘部分(4b)处平行于所述垂直的接头平面(F)且远离一定距离延伸的锁定槽(14)，另一方面，与所述第一板块(1)的本体成为一体的板条(6)，在所述第一接头边缘部分(4a)处该板条从所述垂直的接头平面(F)伸出，且支撑一锁定元件(8)，该锁定元件朝包含所述第一板块的上侧面的平面伸出，且具有与所述锁定槽(14)相互作用的锁定面(10)，
为了垂直连接第一和第二接头边缘部分(4a、4b)，一方面是部分从所述接头平面(F)伸出并延伸的舌片(38)，另一方面，适于与所述舌片(38)相互作用的舌槽(36)，第一和第二地板块(1、1′)在其用于垂直连接的第一和第二接头边缘部分(4a、4b)内具有相互作用的上、下接触表面(43、45)，其中至少上接触表面包含在所述舌槽(36)和所述舌片(38)中的表面部分，
由此所述上、下接触面(43、45)平面平行且平行于包含地板块的上侧面的平面延伸，其特征在于，
所述锁定元件(8)的上边缘位于一水平面内，该上边缘最接近包含地板块的上侧面的平面，所述水平面位于上接触面(43)之下和所有下接触面(45)之上，且比上接触面(43)更接近下接触面(45、46)的最上面的一个，
所述锁定元件(8)具有用于与锁定槽(14)的对应有效锁定面相互作用的有效锁定面(10)，且相对于包含地板块的下侧面的平面测量，所述有效锁定面(10)以小于90°的角度倾斜。
2.如权利要求1所述的地板系统，其特征在于在地板块(1′)的下接触面(45)和锁定槽(14)之间的地板块(1′)的那些部分的厚度等于或小于地板块的下接触面(45)和上侧面(2)之间的距离。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于在下接触面(45)和锁定元件(8)之间的板条(6)的那部分的厚度等于或小于地板块的下接触面(45)和下侧面之间的距离。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于所述舌片(38)和舌槽(36)在地板块的厚度方向上偏心地布置，且与地板块的上侧面相比更接近下侧面。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于满足下述关系式
T-(P1+0.3*P2)＞P3，其中
T＝地板块的厚度，
P1＝沿地板块的厚度方向测量，地板块的上侧面(2)和所述上接触面(43)之间的距离，
P2＝沿地板块的厚度方向测量，所述上、下接触面(43、45)之间的距离，
P3＝在最接近地板块的上侧面的锁定元件(8)的上边缘和地板块的下侧面(3)之间的距离。
6.如权利要求5所述的地板系统，其特征在于满足关系式P2＞P3。
7.如权利要求5所述的地板系统，其特征在于满足关系式P3＞0.3*T。
8.如权利要求5所述的地板系统，其特征在于满足关系式P1＞0.3*T。
9.如权利要求5所述的地板系统，其特征在于满足关系式P2＞0.3*T。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于当第一和第二地板块机械组装时，第一地板块(1)的舌槽的内边界面比第二地板块(1′)的舌片(38)的对应表面更远离垂直接头平面(F)。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于当第一和第二地板块机械组装时，垂直于接头平面(F)看，所述锁定槽(14)比锁定元件(8)的对应部分更远离垂直的接头平面(F)延伸。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于在锁定元件(8)的上侧面和锁定槽(14)的底面之间有一间隙。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于在离接头平面(F)最远的锁定元件(8)的侧面和离接头平面(F)最远的锁定槽(14)的边缘之间有一间隙。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于所述锁定元件(8)具有用于与锁定槽(14)的对应有效锁定面相互作用的有效锁定面(10)，且在垂直于所述接头平面和垂直于地板块的截面内看，这些有效锁定面相对于包含地板块的下侧面的平面以这样的角度倾斜，即锁定面(10)与一圆弧相切地延伸，该圆弧的中心在垂直接头平面(F)与地板块的上侧面(2)相交的位置。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的地板系统，其特征在于第一和第二地板块(1、1′)是相同设计的。
16.如权利要求1所述的地板系统，其特征在于每个地板块具有在所述本体上侧面的表面层(32)和在所述本体(30)后侧面的平衡层(34)。
17.如权利要求1所述的地板系统，其特征在于所述有效锁定面(10)倾斜角度为55-85°。
18.一种由权利要求1-17任一所述的地板系统的可机械连接的地板块构成的地板。
19.一种用于加工地板块的方法，所述地板块具有用于机械连接两邻接地板块的锁定系统，每个地板块具有一个本体(30)，在该方法中通过除屑加工使地板块加工出锁定系统，该锁定系统
为了在垂直的接头平面(F)处水平连接第一和第二地板块(1、1′)的第一和第二接头边缘部分(4a、4b)，一方面包含在所述第二板块(1′)的下侧面(3)形成的且在所述第二接头边缘部分(4b)处平行于所述垂直的接头平面(F)且远离一定距离延伸的锁定槽(14)，另一方面，包含与所述第一板块(1)的本体成为一体的板条(6)，在所述第一接头边缘部分(4a)处该板条从所述垂直的接头平面(F)伸出，且支撑一锁定元件(8)，该锁定元件朝包含所述第一板块的上侧面的平面伸出，且具有与所述锁定槽(14)相互作用的锁定面，
为了垂直连接第一和第二地板块(1、1′)的第一和第二接头边缘部分(4a、4b)，一方面包含从所述第二接头边缘部分(4b)伸出且其上部分从所述垂直接头平面(F)延伸的舌片(38)，另一方面包括，用于与所述舌片(38)相互作用的舌槽(36)，所述第一和第二地板块(1、1′)具有相互作用的上、下接触表面(43、45)，这些接触面是平面平行且平行于包含所述地板块的上侧面的平面，其中至少上接触表面包含有在所述舌槽(36)和所述舌片(38)中的表面部分，
在该方法中通过除屑磨削或研磨刀具与地板块的所述第一和第二接头边缘部分(4a、4b)形成除屑接触而进行除屑加工，以便形成所述锁定槽(14)、所述板条(6)、所述锁定元件(8)、所述舌片(38)、所述舌槽(36)和所述上、下接触面(43、45)，
其特征在于
所述舌槽(36)和至少部分所述下接触面(45)通过一除屑刀具(V1)形成，该刀具的除屑表面部分与第一接头部分(4a)形成除屑接触，且向内倾斜并经过所述接头平面(F)，
所述上接触面(43)和部分舌槽(36)通过一除屑刀具(V2)形成，该刀具的除屑表面部分在平行于包含地板块的上侧面的平面的平面内与第一接头部分(4a)形成去除啮合，
所述锁定元件(8)的上边缘位于一个水平面内，该上边缘最接近包含地板块的上侧面的平面，该水平面位于上接触面(43)之下和所有下接触面(45，46)之上，且比上接触面更接近下接触面中的最上面的一个，
所述锁定元件(8)具有用于与锁定槽(14)的对应有效锁定面相互作用的有效锁定面(10)，且相对于包含地板块的下侧面的平面测量，所述有效锁定面(10)以小于90°的角度倾斜。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即在所述下接触面(45)和锁定槽(14)之间的地板块(1′)的那些部分的厚度等于或小于地板块的下接触面(45)和上侧面(2)之间的距离。
21.如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即所述舌片(38)和舌槽(36)在地板块的厚度方向上偏心地布置，且与地板块的上侧面相比更接近下侧面。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即实现下述关系式
T-(P1+0.3*P2)＞P3，其中
T＝地板块的厚度，
P1＝沿地板块的厚度方向测量，地板块的上侧面(2)和所述上接触面(43)之间的距离，
P2＝沿地板块的厚度方向测量，所述上、下接触面(43、45)之间的距离，
P3＝在最接近地板块的上侧面的锁定元件(8)的上边缘和地板块的下侧面(3)之间的距离。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即实现关系式P2＞P3。
24.如权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即实现关系式P3＞0.3*T。
25.如权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即实现关系式P1＞0.3*T。
26.如权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即实现关系式P2＞0.3*T。
27.如权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即当第一和第二地板块机械组装时，第一地板块(1)的舌槽(36)的内边界面比第二地板块(1′)的舌片(38)的对应外边界面更远离垂直接头平面(F)。
28.如权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即当第一和第二地板块(1、1′)机械组装时，垂直于接头平面(F)看，所述锁定槽(14)比锁定元件(8)的对应部分更远离垂直的接头平面(F)延伸。
29.如权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即所述锁定槽(14)的底面比所述锁定元件(8)的上侧面更接近地板块的上侧面。
30.如权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于所述除屑加工这样进行，即所述锁定元件(8)具有用于与锁定槽(14)的对应有效锁定面相互作用的有效锁定面(10)，且在垂直于所述接头平面的截面内观测，这些有效锁定面相对于包含地板块的下侧面(3)的平面以这样的角度(A)倾斜，即锁定面(10)与一圆弧相切地延伸，该圆弧的中心在垂直接头平面(F)与地板块的上侧面(2)相交的位置。
31.如权利要求19所述的地板系统，其特征在于每个地板块具有在所述本体上侧面的表面层(32)和在所述本体(30)后侧面的平衡层(34)。
32.如权利要求19所述的地板系统，其特征在于所述有效锁定面(10)倾斜角度为55-85°。
CNB018039227A 2000-01-24 2001-01-24 用于地板块机械连接的锁定系统及其生产方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1236183C (zh)

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US20070175144A1 (en) 2006-01-11 2007-08-02 Valinge Innovation Ab V-groove
SE530653C2 (sv) 2006-01-12 2008-07-29 Vaelinge Innovation Ab Fuktsäker golvskiva samt golv med ett elastiskt ytskikt omfattande ett dekorativt spår
US8464489B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2013-06-18 Valinge Innovation Ab Laminate floor panels
US7854100B2 (en) 2006-01-12 2010-12-21 Valinge Innovation Ab Laminate floor panels
SE533410C2 (sv) 2006-07-11 2010-09-14 Vaelinge Innovation Ab Golvpaneler med mekaniska låssystem med en flexibel och förskjutbar tunga samt tunga därför
US7861482B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2011-01-04 Valinge Innovation Ab Locking system comprising a combination lock for panels
US8323016B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2012-12-04 Valinge Innovation Belgium Bvba Device and method for compressing an edge of a building panel and a building panel with compressed edges

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CY1108695T1 (el) 2014-04-09
ES2241834T3 (es) 2005-11-01
ATE299547T1 (de) 2005-07-15
DE60111922D1 (de) 2005-08-18
JP2003520312A (ja) 2003-07-02
US7779596B2 (en) 2010-08-24
DK1600578T3 (da) 2009-02-02
US20110209430A1 (en) 2011-09-01
BR0108038B1 (pt) 2010-06-29
NO20023444L (no) 2002-09-11
DE60111922T2 (de) 2006-04-20
US8011155B2 (en) 2011-09-06
DE60136234D1 (de) 2008-11-27
EP2006467B1 (en) 2012-11-21
PT1250503E (pt) 2005-10-31
EP1250503B1 (en) 2005-07-13
EP2275619B1 (en) 2020-04-01
US20020007609A1 (en) 2002-01-24
CN1395645A (zh) 2003-02-05
ES2315760T3 (es) 2009-04-01
US6510665B2 (en) 2003-01-28
EP2275619A3 (en) 2015-03-11
US20100275546A1 (en) 2010-11-04
NO321666B1 (no) 2006-06-19
PL356304A1 (en) 2004-06-28
EP2006467A2 (en) 2008-12-24
PT2006467E (pt) 2013-02-26
NZ519322A (en) 2004-05-28
EP1250503A1 (en) 2002-10-23
AU2901301A (en) 2001-07-31
ATE411434T1 (de) 2008-10-15
EP2275619A2 (en) 2011-01-19
DK2006467T3 (da) 2013-02-18
EP1600578A2 (en) 2005-11-30
WO2001053628A1 (en) 2001-07-26
SE0000200D0 (sv) 2000-01-24
US20050034404A1 (en) 2005-02-17
PT1600578E (pt) 2008-12-31
EP1250503B8 (en) 2005-09-07
CA2365174A1 (en) 2001-07-26
AU768274B2 (en) 2003-12-04
ES2400168T3 (es) 2013-04-08
JP4762473B2 (ja) 2011-08-31
EP1600578B1 (en) 2008-10-15
EP1600578A3 (en) 2005-12-28
BR0108038A (pt) 2003-01-28
DK1250503T3 (da) 2005-10-03
US6898913B2 (en) 2005-05-31
NO20023444D0 (no) 2002-07-18
PL201905B1 (pl) 2009-05-29
EP2006467A3 (en) 2008-12-31
US20030033784A1 (en) 2003-02-20
CA2365174C (en) 2006-11-28
US8234831B2 (en) 2012-08-07
SE517183C2 (sv) 2002-04-23
SE0000200L (sv) 2001-07-25

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