CN105324544A - 带有机械锁定系统的建筑镶板 - Google Patents

带有机械锁定系统的建筑镶板 Download PDF

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CN105324544A
CN105324544A CN201480034826.8A CN201480034826A CN105324544A CN 105324544 A CN105324544 A CN 105324544A CN 201480034826 A CN201480034826 A CN 201480034826A CN 105324544 A CN105324544 A CN 105324544A
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panelling
groove
edge
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joint tongue
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CN105324544B (zh
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C·波
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Valinge Innovation AB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/40—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/102—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of fibrous or chipped materials, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with a continuous tongue or groove
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
    • E04F2201/044—Other details of tongues or grooves with tongues or grooves comprising elements which are not manufactured in one piece with the sheets, plates or panels but which are permanently fixedly connected to the sheets, plates or panels, e.g. at the factory
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0535—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted for snap locking
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0547—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted to be moved perpendicular to the joint edge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
    • E04F2201/0552—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted to be rotated around an axis parallel to the joint edge

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Furniture Connections (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一组基本上相同的镶板(1，1’)，例如建筑镶板，其设置有包括可移位榫舌(30)的机械锁定系统，所述可移位榫舌设置在位于第一镶板(1)的第一边缘处的带有第一开口的移位沟槽中。可移位榫舌构造成与位于相邻的第二镶板(1’)的第二边缘处的带有第二开口的第一榫舌沟槽(20)配合，以在竖直方向上锁定所述第一和第二边缘。第一开口的高度大于第二开口的第二高度。

Description

带有机械锁定系统的建筑镶板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种设置有机械锁定系统的镶板，例如建筑镶板、地板块、墙壁镶板、天花板镶板、家具构件等。
背景技术
在例如WO2006/043893和WO2007/015669中已知并且公开了设置有机械锁定系统的建筑镶板，所述机械锁定系统包括与榫舌沟槽配合以进行竖直锁定的可移位和弹性的榫舌。榫舌是单独的部件并由例如塑料制成并且插入位于镶板的边缘处的移位沟槽中。榫舌在镶板的竖直装配期间被推动到移位沟槽中并且在镶板已到达锁定位置时弹回到相邻镶板的榫舌沟槽中。
还已知一种用于镶板的锁定系统，该锁定系统包括榫舌，该榫舌可沿着镶板的边缘移位(参见例如WO2009/116926)并与榫舌沟槽配合以进行竖直锁定。榫舌是单独的部件并且设置有最初与榫舌沟槽的凹部匹配的多个突出部。镶板可通过竖直移动而被装配并且榫舌移动到突出部不再与凹部匹配的位置以实现竖直锁定。
还已知一种包括设置有例如楔形元件的榫舌的锁定系统。通过使榫舌沿着相邻的边缘移位来锁定两个相邻的镶板边缘，参见例如WO2008/004960。
尽管本说明书涉及地板镶板，但对其技术和问题的说明同样适用于其它应用，例如用于其它目的的镶板，如墙壁镶板、天花板镶板、家具等。
已知系统的一个缺点在于，包括可移位的榫舌的锁定系统需要相当厚的镶板来确保锁定系统满足强度要求。
上面对各种已知方案的说明是申请人对这些方案的归纳，而不是认可将任何以上说明视为现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的某些实施例的一个目的是提供对上述技术和已知技术的改进。特别地，通过本发明的实施例提高了已知的锁定系统的强度。
本发明的实施例的又一个目的是提供一种具有锁定系统的较薄镶板，所述锁定系统包括可移位的榫舌。
将从本说明书显而易见的这些和其它目的及优点中的至少一些已通过本发明的第一方面实现，本发明的第一方面包括设置有机械锁定系统的一组基本上相同的镶板，所述机械锁定系统包括可移位的榫舌，该可移位的榫舌设置在位于第一镶板的第一边缘处的移位沟槽和位于相邻的第二镶板的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽中。可移位的榫舌构造成与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二边缘。移位沟槽设置有第一开口并且第一榫舌沟槽设置有第二开口，其中第一开口的高度大于第二开口的高度。可移位榫舌的至少一部分优选地构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间被推动到移位沟槽中，并且弹回到其中可移位榫舌的外部部分与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定的位置。
第二开口的高度可处于第一开口的高度的约20％至约75％的范围内，优选地处于第一开口的高度的约20％至约50％的范围内。
第一开口和第二开口优选水平地开口，并且第二沟槽的竖直高度优选地大于第一开口的竖直高度。
移位沟槽的最大高度可大于第一榫舌沟槽的最大高度。第一榫舌沟槽的最大高度可处于移位沟槽的最大高度的约20％至约75％的范围内，优选地处于移位沟槽的最大高度的约20％至约50％的范围内。
可移位榫舌的外部部分优选地设置有凹部。第一榫舌沟槽的较小开口和较窄的第一榫舌沟槽提高了位于第二边缘处的带有第一榫舌沟槽的锁定系统的强度。较厚的移位沟槽优选地在边缘(即第一边缘)上设置有更多可用于移位沟槽的材料或强度更高的材料。
所述凹部可包括彼此成钝角设置的第一凹部表面和第二凹部表面。凹部的第一凹部表面可以是第一表面，其构造成优选地在第二表面处与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定。可移位榫舌的上表面与第一凹部表面之间的角度可处于约5°至约15°的范围内，优选地约7°至约8°的范围内。该凹部和角度可具有提高锁定强度的益处，这是因为第一表面和第二表面可以一定角度设置，在锁定位置这需要增大的力以将可移位的榫舌推动到移位沟槽中。
可移位榫舌优选地呈纵长形状，并且可移位的榫舌的外纵向边缘优选地沿着榫舌的基本上整个纵向长度是直的。在可移位榫舌的短边处，在纵向边缘的至少一端处可设置有斜面，以有利于通过偏角调节(angling)运动来装配第一和第二镶板。
所述凹部优选地沿着可移位榫舌的基本上整个纵向长度延伸。
本发明的实施例的益处对于薄镶板(例如薄于6mm)可能更明显。镶板可处于约3mm至约10mm的范围内，优选地约4mm至约8mm的范围内，以及优选地约4mm至约6mm的范围内。
该机械锁定系统可包括位于第一或第二边缘处的第一锁定带条，该第一锁定带条设置有第一锁定元件，其构造成与位于第一或第二边缘中的另一者处的第一锁定沟槽配合以进行水平锁定。
由于第一开口的高度大于第二开口的第二高度，所以第一锁定带条优选地设置在第一边缘处以及第二边缘上的第一锁定沟槽处。可移位的榫舌的外下部优选地设置有凹部。
镶板可呈矩形，并且机械锁定系统可包括位于第三或第四边缘处的第二锁定带条，该第二锁定带条设置有第二锁定元件，其构造成与位于相邻的第三镶板的第三或第四边缘中的另一者处的锁定沟槽配合以进行水平锁定。第三或第四边缘优选地设置有第二榫舌，该第二榫舌构造成与位于相邻的第三镶板的第三或第四边缘中的另一者处的第二榫舌沟槽配合以进行竖直锁定。每个设置有锁定沟槽的边缘都优选地设置有下缘表面，其构造成与位于相邻镶板处的锁定带条的上表面配合。下缘表面因此优选地设置在与位于相邻镶板处的锁定带条的上表面相同的平面中。
第一锁定带条的上表面优选地与第二锁定带条的上表面设置在相同的平面中。位于第三和第四边缘处的机械锁定系统通常在位于第一和第二边缘处的机械锁定系统之前制造。如果所述上表面处于相同或基本上相同的平面中，则位于第三和第四边缘处且在镶板的角部处的机械锁定系统的其余部分可被自动去除。所述其余部分通常很薄并且今后例如在包装、运输或装配期间可能变松。
位于第三和第四边缘处的机械锁定系统可构造成通过偏角调节运动进行装配。
位于第一和第二边缘处的机械锁定系统可构造成通过竖直运动进行装配。
本发明的第二方面是一组设置有机械锁定系统的基本上相同的镶板，所述机械锁定系统包括可移位的榫舌，该可移位的榫舌设置在位于第一镶板的第一边缘处的移位沟槽和位于第二镶板的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽中。可移位的榫舌构造成与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二边缘。可移位的榫舌包括至少两个可弯曲部分，其中，可弯曲部分中的至少一个在距可弯曲部分的移位沟槽中的最内部一定距离处设置有下部和/或上部摩擦连接部。该距离可使得更容易将可移位的榫舌设置在移位沟槽中。可移位的榫舌的至少一部分优选地构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间被推动到移位沟槽中，并且弹回到其中可移位的榫舌的外部部分与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定的位置。
移位沟槽可包括上壁、下壁和在下壁与上壁之间延伸的内壁。内壁优选地具有倒圆形状，或者可在上壁和/或下壁附近包括设置有圆形区段的平面区段。倒圆形状和圆形区段提高了机械锁定系统的强度。本实施例的益处对于薄镶板(例如薄于6mm)是很重要的。镶板可处于约3mm至约10mm的范围内，并且优选地处于约4mm至约8mm的范围内。
上部摩擦连接部优选地构造成与上壁的平面区段配合。上部摩擦连接部可包括可弯曲部分的突出部，其在可移位的榫舌的其余部分上方延伸。可移位的榫舌的上表面可构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间沿着上壁移位。可移位的榫舌的下表面可构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间沿着下壁移位。
下部摩擦连接部优选地构造成与下壁的平面区段配合。下部摩擦连接部可包括可弯曲部分的突出部，其在可移位的榫舌的其余部分下方延伸。
可弯曲部分的最内部可设置有上斜面和/或下斜面。上斜面和/或下斜面有利于可移位的榫舌插入到移位沟槽中。
可移位的榫舌可呈纵长形状，并且可移位的榫舌的外纵向边缘优选地沿着可移位的榫舌的基本上整个纵向长度是直的。在可移位的榫舌的短边处，在纵向边缘的至少一端处可设置有斜面，以有助于通过偏角调节运动来装配第一和第二镶板。
可移位榫舌的外部部分可设置有凹部，该凹部优选地沿着榫舌的基本上整个纵向长度延伸。凹部的第一表面优选地构造成与第一榫舌沟槽的第二表面配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定。
该机械锁定系统可包括位于第一或第二边缘处的第一锁定带条，该第一锁定带条设置有第一锁定元件，其构造成与位于第一或第二边缘中的另一者处的第一锁定沟槽配合以在水平方向上进行锁定。
位于第一边缘处的移位沟槽的尺寸可大于位于第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽的尺寸。第一锁定带条优选地设置在第一边缘处和第二边缘上的第一锁定沟槽处。可移位的榫舌的外下部优选地设置有凹部。
移位沟槽可具有第一开口并且第一榫舌沟槽可具有第二开口，其中第一开口的第一高度优选地大于第二开口的第二高度。
位于第一和第二边缘处的机械锁定系统可构造成通过竖直运动来装配。
本发明的第三方面是一组设置有机械锁定系统的基本上相同的镶板，所述机械锁定系统包括可移位的榫舌，该榫舌设置在位于第一镶板的第一边缘处的移位沟槽和位于第二镶板的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽中。可移位的榫舌构造成与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二边缘。可移位的榫舌的至少一部分优选地构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间被推动到移位沟槽中，并且弹回到其中可移位榫舌的一部分与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定的位置。可移位的榫舌包括第一和第三表面，并且第一榫舌沟槽包括第二和第四表面。第二表面与第二镶板的正面之间的第一角度大于第四表面与该正面之间的第二角度。可移位的榫舌的第一表面构造成在机械锁定系统上的第一载荷作用下与榫舌沟槽的第二表面配合。可移位的榫舌的第三表面构造成在机械锁定系统上的第二载荷作用下与榫舌沟槽的第四表面配合。当例如椅子、沙发或书柜位于第一或第二镶板上时，第一载荷可对应于正常条件下的载荷且第二载荷可对应于增大的载荷。第一角度可具有以下益处：可移位榫舌的少量位移将第一和第二镶板一起推向期望的锁定位置，在所述期望的锁定位置第二镶板的正面处于与第一镶板的正面基本上相同的竖直位置。第二角度可具有以下益处：第三和第四表面能够承载更大的载荷并且防止可移位的榫舌从第一榫舌沟槽被推出。第二角度的另一益处在于可减小第一榫舌的开口的高度。减小的高度可提高机械锁定系统的强度。第一角度可在约30°至约45°的范围内，且第二角度可在约10°至约25°的范围内。第一角度与第二角度之差可处于约10°至约35°的范围内。
在第一和第二方面中描述的机械锁定系统可包括在第三方面中描述的第一、第二、第三和第四表面。
位于第一和第二边缘处的机械锁定系统可构造成通过竖直运动来装配。
根据第一、第二或第三方面的镶板可以是地板块、墙壁镶板、天花板镶板、家具构件等。
根据第一、第二或第三方面的镶板的芯部可以是优选地由MDF、HDF、OSB、WPC、胶合板或颗粒板制成的木基芯部。该芯部也可以是包含热固性塑料或热塑性塑料如乙烯基、PVC、PU或PET的塑料芯部。该塑料芯部可包括填料。对于具有分层芯部(例如包括胶合板的芯部)的镶板而言，较窄的第一榫舌沟槽可以更容易设置在关于芯部中的各层的有利位置处。
根据第一、第二或第三方面的镶板的正面优选地设置有装饰层，且背面优选地设置有平衡层。
根据第一、第二或第三方面的镶板的边缘——锁定系统的部件如第一和第二锁定带条、第一和第二锁定元件、第一和第二锁定沟槽以及第一和第二榫舌沟槽可由其制成——可包含芯部材料。
附图说明
将参考所附示意图通过示例的方式更详细地说明本发明，附图示出了本发明的实施例。
图1A-B示出带有可移位的榫舌的已知锁定系统。
图2A-C示出带有单独和可移位的榫舌的已知锁定系统的截面。
图3A-B示出带有单独和可移位的榫舌的已知锁定系统的截面。
图4A-B示出根据本发明的实施例的镶板的截面。
图5A-B示出根据本发明一实施例的镶板的截面。
图6A-B示出根据本发明一实施例的镶板的长边和短边的截面。
图6C示出已知镶板的截面。
图7A-B示出根据本发明一实施例的镶板。
图8A-D示出根据本发明一实施例的可移位的榫舌。
图9A示出已知镶板的截面。
图9B-C示出本发明的实施例的截面。
图10A-B示出本发明的实施例的截面。
图11A-C示出本发明的实施例的截面。
图12A-B示出本发明一实施例的截面。
图13A-C示出本发明一实施例的截面。
图14A-B示出本发明一实施例的截面。
具体实施方式
用于建筑镶板的已知的机械锁定系统——其包括位于第一镶板1的第一边缘处的可移位的榫舌30和位于第二镶板1’的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽20——在图1A-B中示出。可移位的榫舌构造成与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定。可移位的榫舌30是单独的部件并由例如塑料制成，并且插入位于第一镶板1的第一边缘处的移位沟槽中。该榫舌在第一和第二镶板的第一和第二边缘的竖直装配期间被推动到移位沟槽中。可移位榫舌在镶板已到达锁定位置时弹回并进入位于第二镶板1’的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽20。镶板的第三和第四边缘设置有锁定系统，该锁定系统通过偏角倾斜运动而实现装配在相邻的镶板1”上，以实现第一和第二边缘以及第三和第四边缘的同时装配。
图2A-C和3A-B示出已知的可移位榫舌30的不同实施例在第一和第二镶板1、1’的装配期间的截面。带有第一榫舌沟槽的第二镶板1’相对于带有可移位的榫舌30的第二镶板移位，该可移位的榫舌30由第二镶板的边缘推动到移位沟槽40中。可移位的榫舌30在镶板已到达装配位置时弹回并进入第一榫舌沟槽20，并且在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二镶板。
本发明的实施例在图4A-B、5A-B、6A-B、7A-B、8A-D、9B-C、10A-B、11A-C、图12A-B和图13A-C中示出。机械锁定系统形成在基本上相同的第一和第二镶板1、1’的第一和第二边缘处。该机械锁定系统构造成在竖直和/或水平方向上将第一镶板的第一边缘锁定在第二镶板的第二边缘上。该机械锁定系统的一个实施例通过第二镶板的第二边缘相对于第一镶板的第一边缘的竖直移位来实现第一和第二镶板的装配。该机械锁定系统优选地通过镶板的边缘的机械切削如铣削、钻削和/或锯切而形成，并且设置有优选地由塑料形成的可移位的榫舌30。可移位的榫舌可以是可弯曲的并且设置有突出的可弯曲部分，例如WO2006/043893和WO2007/015669中公开的可移位的榫舌。可移位的榫舌还可构造成通过沿着第一和第二边缘的移动而被锁定，例如WO2009/116926和WO200/8004960中公开的可移位的榫舌。
实施例包括设置在位于第一镶板1的第一边缘处的移位沟槽40中的可移位的榫舌30。可移位的榫舌30与形成在第二镶板1’的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽20配合以在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二边缘。带有竖直地突出的第一锁定元件8的第一锁定带条6形成在第一镶板的第一边缘中。第一锁定元件8与形成在第二镶板1’的第二边缘中的第一锁定沟槽14配合以在水平方向上锁定第一和第二边缘。第二边缘的下缘表面可设置在与第一锁定元件的第一上表面相同的平面中。下缘表面可构造成与第一上表面配合以在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二边缘。图4A-B和图5A-B示出第一榫舌沟槽20的开口的高度21小于移位沟槽40的高度41。优选地，第一榫舌沟槽20的最大高度也小于移位沟槽40的最大高度42。榫舌沟槽和移位沟槽可设置有当测量沟槽的高度时未被包含在开口的高度或沟槽的最大高度内的引导斜面或修圆部。这种第一榫舌沟槽具有的效果是，第二镶板的下侧面与第一榫舌沟槽的底部之间的距离23可以增大并且第一榫舌沟槽20与锁定沟槽14之间的距离50可以增大。第一榫舌沟槽20与锁定沟槽14之间的增大的距离50提高了锁定系统的强度。为了进一步增大所述距离并提高所述强度，移位沟槽和可移位的榫舌可以是成角度的，例如图4B和图5A-B中所示。可移位的榫舌的外部部分优选地设置有凹部31，使得该外部部分可移位到第一榫舌沟槽20中。
利用较小的第一榫舌沟槽20，对于相同厚度的第一和第二镶板，在第一榫舌沟槽20与锁定沟槽14之间的距离50相同或增大的情况下，第一镶板的正面与移位沟槽40之间的距离43可增大和/或锁定带条6的厚度可增加，如图5B所示。
第一锁定沟槽也可设置在带有移位沟槽的第一镶板上。此类实施例优选地设置有可移位和柔性的榫舌，该榫舌通过胶水固定在移位沟槽的各部分上。柔性和可移位的榫舌的内部部分优选地胶粘在移位沟槽的底面上。该内部部分也可胶粘在移位沟槽40的上表面和/或下表面上。
实施例包括一组基本上相同的镶板，该组镶板包括第一镶板1、第二镶板1’和第三镶板1”，如图7A所示。各镶板可呈矩形，并且机械锁定系统可包括设置有第二锁定元件18的位于第三边缘5a处的第二锁定带条16和位于第四边缘5b处的第二锁定沟槽24，例如图6A和图7B所示。第二锁定元件18构造成与第二锁定沟槽24配合以在水平方向上锁定第三和第四边缘。该机械锁定系统可包括位于第三边缘5a处的第二榫舌沟槽12和位于第四边缘5b处的第二榫舌13。第二榫舌和第二榫舌沟槽构造成相互配合以在水平方向上锁定第三和第四边缘5a、5b。第四边缘5b优选地设置有构造成与第二锁定带条的第二上表面配合的下缘表面。该下缘表面因此设置在与位于相邻镶板处的第二锁定带条的第二上表面相同的平面中。
图7A示出将第二镶板1’装配到第一和第三镶板1、1”上。第二镶板1’围绕第二镶板1’的第四边缘5b成角度倾斜，以实现同时将第二镶板1’的第四边缘5b锁定在第三镶板1”的第三边缘5a和将第二镶板1’的第二边缘4b锁定在第一镶板1’的第一边缘4a上。
第一锁定带条的第一上表面9优选地设置在与第二锁定带条16的第二上表面19相同的平面中。位于第三边缘5a和第四边缘5b处的机械锁定系统通常在位于第一和第二边缘4a、4b处的机械锁定系统之前制造。如果所述第一和第二上表面处于相同或基本上相同的平面中，则在镶板的角部处的、位于第三和第四边缘5a、5b处的机械锁定系统的其余部分可被自动去除。所述其余部分通常很薄并且今后例如在包装、运输或装配期间可能变松。在图7B示出了带有位于第四边缘5b与第一边缘4a之间的第一角部2a和位于第三边缘5a与第二边缘4b之间的第二角部2b的实施例。当形成位于第一边缘处的机械锁定系统时，位于第四边缘和第一角部2a处的机械锁定系统的其余部分被自动去除。当形成位于第二边缘处的机械锁定系统时，位于第三边缘和第二角部2b处的机械锁定系统的其余部分被自动去除。
图6A示出第一镶板1的第三边缘和第三镶板1”的第四边缘的截面。位于第三和第四边缘处的机械锁定系统包括位于第四边缘处的第二榫舌13和位于第三边缘处的第二榫舌沟槽12。第三边缘设置有带有第二锁定元件18的、从第三边缘突出的第二锁定带条16，并且第四边缘设置有第二锁定沟槽。锁定带条16的第二上表面19与第四边缘的下表面相接触以在竖直方向上进行锁定。所示的位于第三和第四边缘处的机械锁定系统构造成通过偏角调节运动被装配和锁定。第二上表面位于水平面60中。图6B示出第一镶板的第一边缘和第二镶板的第二边缘的截面。第一边缘设置有带有第一锁定元件8的、从第一边缘突出的第一锁定带条6，并且第二边缘设置有第一锁定沟槽。第一锁定带条的第一上表面9与第二镶板的下表面相接触以在竖直方向上进行锁定。如果所述第一和第二上表面处于相同的水平面60中，则位于第三边缘和第二角部处以及第四边缘和第一角部处的机械锁定系统的其余部分可被自动移除。未移除的其余部分，例如图1B所示的位于第二角部处的其余部分70，通常很薄并且今后例如在包装、运输或装配期间可能变松。
如图6C所示的位于第一和第二边缘处的已知的机械锁定系统在比第三和第四边缘处的第二上表面低的水平面61处设置有第一上表面9。对于已知的机械锁定系统，需要额外的操作来去除所述其余部分。本发明使得可以增加第一锁定带条的厚度并由此将第一和第二上表面设置在相同水平面60中，而不减小第一锁定沟槽14与第一榫舌沟槽20之间的距离50。这具有提高机械锁定系统的强度的效果。
可移位的榫舌30的一个优选实施例在图8A-D中示出。可移位的榫舌包括多个可弯曲部分33。可弯曲部分在距可弯曲部分的最内部一定距离处设置有下部和上部摩擦连接部35。可弯曲部分33的最内部设置有上斜面和下斜面39。榫舌呈纵向形状并且可移位榫舌的外缘优选地沿着可移位榫舌的基本上整个纵向长度是直的。可移位榫舌的外部部分38设置有凹部31，该凹部31优选地沿着榫舌的基本上整个纵向长度延伸。该凹部的第一凹部表面81构造成与第一榫舌沟槽的第一表面配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定。在可移位榫舌的短边处，在纵向边缘的每一端部处设置有斜面37，以有助于通过偏角调节运动进行第一和第二镶板的装配。该榫舌在每个可弯曲部分33处包括沟槽34。可弯曲部分33的至少一部分在装配期间被推动到沟槽34中。
凹部31可包括与第一凹部表面81成钝角设置的第二凹部表面85。可移位榫舌的上表面与第一凹部表面81之间的角度可处于约5°至约15°的范围内，优选地处于约7°至约8°的范围内。
可移位的榫舌优选地通过注射成型制造，并且图8A示出位于可移位榫舌的短边处的浇口(castinggate)。
图8C示出在装配期间当榫舌被推动到移位沟槽中时设置在移位沟槽40中的适当位置的可移位榫舌30。移位沟槽40包括上壁、下壁和在下壁与上壁之间延伸的内壁。内壁具有倒圆形状。作为一种替代方案，内壁可在上壁和/或下壁附近包括设置有圆形区段的平面区段。上部摩擦连接部构造成与上壁的平面区段配合。下部摩擦连接部构造成与下壁的平面区段配合。可移位榫舌的上表面可构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间沿着上壁移位。可移位榫舌的下表面可构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间沿着下壁移位。
图9A示出另一已知的机械锁定系统，并且图9B-C示出根据本发明的实施例的改进方案。可移位榫舌30在外部处设置有凹部并且第一榫舌沟槽20形成为更小。锁定带条6的厚度增加并且移位沟槽40的底部设置有倒圆角部。图9C示出可移位榫舌的上、下外部可设置有凹部。特别是对于例如包括塑料芯部如PVC的由软材料形成的地板块而言，如果可移位的榫舌的上、下外部两者都与第一榫舌沟槽相接触，则接合部会更牢固。
本发明的又一些实施例在图10A-B中示出。在图10A的实施例中，较小的第一榫舌沟槽20和在外部处设置有凹部的可移位榫舌30的益处被用于使锁定带条6更厚。图10B示出一个实施例，其包括设置有倒圆角部的移位沟槽40以及设置有倒角面的锁定沟槽14和锁定元件8，以进一步提高锁定系统的强度。
图11A示出属于WO2011/127981中公开的类型的实施例，其具有设置在镶板的边缘处的可移位的榫舌30，所述镶板设置有锁定沟槽。可移位榫舌的位于外缘处的凹部被示出位于可移位的榫舌的下缘，但该凹部也可设置在可移位的榫舌的外缘上部。
图11B-C示出在第二边缘的下侧设置有突出部51的实施例。突出部51构造成与位于第一锁定带条的上侧面处的凹部52并与第一锁定元件8配合。此类构型可增加锁定带条的内部的厚度并提高机械锁定系统的强度。
图12A-B示出包括构造成由可移位的元件31锁定的可移位榫舌30的实施例。可移位的元件可包括将可移位的榫舌30推动到第一榫舌沟槽20中以在竖直方向上锁定第一和第二边缘的楔形元件(未示出)。可通过沿着第二边缘将可移位的元件32推动到移位沟槽40中或通过沿着第二边缘将可移位的元件从移位沟槽40拉出而使可移位的元件移位。图12A示出处于未锁定位置的实施例，而图12B示出处于锁定位置的实施例。
图13A-C示出包括彼此连接的三个区段——内区段30b、外区段30a和中间区段30c——的可移位的榫舌。各区段优选地由塑料材料形成。外区段30a和内区段30b由比中间区段刚度更大的材料形成，该中间区段为柔性榫舌提供大部分柔性。中间区段可以是橡胶类材料并且还可被用作摩擦连接部以防止在连接至镶板边缘之后柔性榫舌从沟槽40掉出。柔性中间区段30c优选地位于柔性榫舌的下部处。中间区段30c包括在锁定期间被压缩的上部31a和在锁定期间伸展的下部31b。外部部分30a优选地突出到竖直平面VP之外，该竖直平面VP与镶板1、1’的上部相邻的接合边缘相交。该锁定系统允许在锁定期间以低的水平分离力锁定。榫舌沟槽20的竖直延伸量可小于移位沟槽40的竖直延伸量的0.5倍。内部部分30b包括可位于柔性榫舌的上部或下部处的固定边缘32。
柔性榫舌也可形成为仅具有两个区段，优选地不具有刚度更大的内区段30b。外区段30a可连接至可具有与上述中间区段30c相同功能的内区段30d，并且当外区段向内转动时可利用柔性内区段的上部和下部的压缩和伸展来获得柔性。这允许移位沟槽可以更小。这样的两区段榫舌也可用来根据图2A-C所示的原理锁定镶板。外部部分30a可在柔性榫舌30位于包括带条6(带条镶板)和锁定元件8的镶板边缘上时指向下方，并且柔性内部部分31d可位于柔性榫舌30的上部处。外部部分30a可在柔性榫舌30连接至包括锁定沟槽(折叠镶板)的镶板边缘时指向上方，并且柔性内部部分30d可位于柔性榫舌30的下部处。
机械锁定系统的一个实施例在图14A中示出，图14B示出图14B中的圆圈区域的放大图。该机械锁定系统包括设置在位于第一镶板1的第一边缘处的移位沟槽40和位于第二镶板1’的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽20中的可移位的榫舌30。可移位的榫舌30构造成与第一榫舌沟槽配合以在第一和第二边缘的竖直方向上进行锁定。可移位的榫舌的至少一部分优选地构造成在第一和第二镶板的装配期间被推动到移位沟槽中并且弹回到以下位置：即，可移位的榫舌30的一部分与第一榫舌沟槽20配合以实现在竖直方向上的锁定。可移位的榫舌30包括第一和第三表面81、83，并且第一榫舌沟槽包括第二和第四表面82、84。第二表面82与第二镶板1’的正面之间的第一角度大于第四表面84与该正面之间的第二角度。可移位的榫舌的第一表面构造成在第一载荷作用于机械锁定系统的情况下与榫舌沟槽的第二表面配合。可移位的榫舌的第三表面构造成在第二载荷作用于机械锁定系统的情况下与榫舌沟槽的第四表面配合。当例如椅子、沙发或书柜位于第一或第二镶板上时，第一载荷对应于正常条件下的载荷且第二载荷对应于增加的载荷。图14A-B示出第一载荷下的机械锁定系统。第一角度可具有如下优点：可移位的榫舌的少量位移将第一和第二镶板一起推向期望的锁定位置，在所述期望的锁定位置第二镶板1’的正面处于与第一镶板1的正面基本上相同的竖直位置。第二角度可具有如下优点：第三和第四表面能够承载更大载荷并且防止可移位的榫舌从第一榫舌沟槽被推出。第一角度可处于约30°至约45°的范围内并且第二角度可处于约10°至约25°的范围内。第一角度与第二角度之差可处于约10°至约35°的范围内。可移位的榫舌30的外部部分优选地设置有上述凹部31，并且榫舌沟槽的高度和深度优选地小于移位沟槽。

Claims (29)

1.一组基本相同的镶板(1，1’)，例如建筑镶板，所述镶板设置有包括可移位榫舌(30)的机械锁定系统，所述可移位榫舌设置在位于第一镶板(1)的第一边缘处的移位沟槽(40)和位于相邻的第二镶板(1’)的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽(20)中，所述可移位榫舌(30)构造成与所述第一榫舌沟槽(20)配合以在竖直方向上锁定所述第一和第二边缘，其中所述移位沟槽包括第一开口并且所述第一榫舌沟槽包括第二开口，其特征在于，所述第一开口的高度(41)大于所述第二开口的高度(21)。
2.如权利要求1所述的一组镶板，其中，所述第一开口和所述第二开口水平地开口，并且所述第二沟槽的竖直高度大于所述第一开口的竖直高度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一组镶板，其中，所述移位沟槽(42)的最大高度大于所述第一榫舌沟槽的最大高度。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可移位榫舌的外部部分(38)设置有凹部(31)。
5.如权利要求4所述的一组镶板，其中，所述凹部(31)包括彼此成钝角设置的第一凹部表面(81)和第二凹部表面(85)。
6.如权利要求5所述的一组镶板，其中，所述凹部(31)的所述第一凹部表面(81)构造成与所述第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上锁定。
7.如前述权利要求5-6中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可移位榫舌的上表面与所述第一凹部表面(81)之间的角度在约5°至约15°的范围内，优选地在约7°至约8°的范围内。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述镶板的厚度在约3mm至约10mm的范围内，并且优选地在约4mm至约8mm的范围内。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述机械锁定系统包括位于所述第一或第二边缘处的第一锁定带条(6)，所述第一锁定带条设置有第一锁定元件(8)，该第一锁定元件(8)构造成与位于所述第一或第二边缘中的另一者处的第一锁定沟槽(14)配合以进行水平锁定。
10.如权利要求9所述的一组镶板，其中，所述第一锁定带条设置在所述第一边缘处，并且所述可移位榫舌(30)的外下部设置有凹部(31)。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的一组镶板，其中，所述镶板呈矩形，并且所述机械锁定系统包括位于第三或第四边缘处的第二锁定带条(16)，所述第二锁定带条设置有第二锁定元件(18)，该第二锁定元件(18)构造成与位于相邻的第三镶板1”’的第三或第四边缘中的另一者处的第二锁定沟槽(24)配合以进行水平锁定。
12.如权利要求11所述的一组镶板，其中，所述第一锁定带条的第一上表面(9)与所述第二锁定带条(16)的第二上表面(19)设置在相同的平面(60)中。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的一组镶板，其中，所述第三和第四边缘处的机械锁定系统构造成通过偏角调节运动进行组装。
14.一组基本相同的镶板(1，1’)，所述镶板设置有包括可移位榫舌(30)的机械锁定系统，所述可移位榫舌设置在位于第一镶板的第一边缘处的移位沟槽(40)和位于第二镶板的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽(20)中，，其中所述可移位榫舌(40)构造成与所述第一榫舌沟槽(20)配合以在竖直方向上锁定所述第一和第二边缘，其中所述可移位榫舌包括至少两个可弯曲部分(33)，其特征在于，所述可弯曲部分中的至少一个在距所述可弯曲部分的移位沟槽中的最内部一定距离处设置有下部和/或上部摩擦连接部(35)。
15.如权利要求14所述的一组镶板，其中，所述移位沟槽(40)包括上壁、下壁和在所述下壁与上壁之间延伸的内壁，其中所述内壁具有倒圆形状，或者包括在所述上壁和/或下壁附近设置有圆形区段的平面区段。
16.如前述权利要求14-15中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述镶板(1，1’)的厚度在约3mm至约10mm的范围内，并且优选地在约4mm至约8mm的范围内。
17.如前述权利要求14-16中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可弯曲部分中的至少一个设置有上部摩擦连接部(35)，并且所述上部摩擦连接部(35)构造成与所述上壁的平面区段配合。
18.如前述权利要求14-17中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可弯曲部分中的至少一个设置有下部摩擦连接部(35)，并且所述下部摩擦连接部(35)构造成与所述下壁的平面区段配合。
19.如前述权利要求14-18中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可弯曲部分(33)的最内部设置有上斜面和/或下斜面(39)。
20.如前述权利要求14-19中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可移位榫舌(30)为纵长形状，并且所述可移位榫舌的外缘优选地沿着所述可移位榫舌的基本整个纵向长度是直的。
21.如前述权利要求14-20中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述可移位榫舌的外部部分设置有凹部(31)，所述凹部优选地沿着所述榫舌的基本整个纵向长度延伸。
22.如权利要求21所述的一组镶板，其中，所述凹部(31)的表面构造成与所述第一榫舌沟槽配合以在竖直方向上进行锁定。
23.如前述权利要求14-22中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述移位沟槽(40)包括第一开口且所述第一榫舌沟槽(20)包括第二开口，其中所述第一开口的第一高度大于所述第二开口的第二高度。
24.一组基本相同的镶板(1，1’)，例如建筑镶板，所述镶板设置有包括可移位榫舌(30)的机械锁定系统，所述可移位榫舌设置在位于第一镶板(1)的第一边缘处的移位沟槽(40)和位于相邻的第二镶板(1’)的第二边缘处的第一榫舌沟槽(20)中，所述可移位榫舌(30)构造成与所述第一榫舌沟槽(20)配合以在竖直方向上锁定所述第一和第二边缘，其特征在于：
所述可移位榫舌包括第一和第三表面(81，83)，并且所述第一榫舌沟槽包括第二和第四表面(82，84)，
所述第二表面与第二镶板的正面之间的第一角度大于所述第四表面与所述正面之间的第二角度，
所述可移位榫舌(30)的所述第一表面(81)构造成在所述机械锁定系统上的第一载荷作用下与所述榫舌沟槽的所述第二表面(82)配合，
所述可移位榫舌的所述第三表面(83)构造成在所述机械锁定系统上的第二载荷作用下与所述榫舌沟槽的所述第四表面(84)配合，并且
所述第二载荷大于所述第一载荷。
25.如权利要求24所述的一组镶板，其中，所述第一角度在约30°至约45°的范围内，并且所述第二角度在约10°至约25°的范围内。
26.如权利要求24或25所述的一组镶板，其中，所述第一角度与所述第二角度之差在约10°至约35°的范围内。
27.如前述权利要求14-26中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述机械锁定系统包括位于所述第一或第二边缘处的设置有第一锁定元件(9)的第一锁定带条(8)，所述第一锁定元件构造成与位于所述第一或第二边缘中的另一者处的第一锁定沟槽(14)配合，以在水平方向上锁定所述第一和第二边缘。
28.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，位于所述第一和第二边缘处的所述机械锁定系统构造成通过竖直运动进行组装。
29.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的一组镶板，其中，所述镶板是包括以下芯部的地板块：即，木质纤维基芯部例如HDF，或者包含热塑性塑料例如PVC的芯部。
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MX367290B (es) 2019-08-13
PH12015502626B1 (en) 2016-03-07
KR20160023780A (ko) 2016-03-03
CL2015003732A1 (es) 2016-09-23
US20170081860A1 (en) 2017-03-23
UA120253C2 (uk) 2019-11-11
PL3613919T3 (pl) 2023-01-30
CN110259027A (zh) 2019-09-20
PT3014034T (pt) 2019-11-29
JP6397009B2 (ja) 2018-10-10
SI3014034T1 (sl) 2019-12-31
EA032211B1 (ru) 2019-04-30
US10017948B2 (en) 2018-07-10
CN105324544B (zh) 2019-06-11
US20190271165A1 (en) 2019-09-05
US11066835B2 (en) 2021-07-20
HRP20192110T1 (hr) 2020-02-21
AU2014299350B2 (en) 2018-01-04
US20150000221A1 (en) 2015-01-01
BR112015031238B1 (pt) 2021-08-24
JP2016523325A (ja) 2016-08-08
CN110259027B (zh) 2021-09-14
HRP20230018T1 (hr) 2023-02-17
EA201690068A1 (ru) 2016-05-31
HUE060779T2 (hu) 2023-04-28
ES2759424T3 (es) 2020-05-11
EP3613919B1 (en) 2022-12-14
CA3140669A1 (en) 2014-12-31
BR112015031238A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
CA2913392C (en) 2022-01-18
CA2913392A1 (en) 2014-12-31
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ES2936868T3 (es) 2023-03-22
EP4166731A1 (en) 2023-04-19

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