CN101371502A - 在存在或不存在信标信号情况下使用的通信方法和装置 - Google Patents

在存在或不存在信标信号情况下使用的通信方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101371502A
CN101371502A CNA2007800021970A CN200780002197A CN101371502A CN 101371502 A CN101371502 A CN 101371502A CN A2007800021970 A CNA2007800021970 A CN A2007800021970A CN 200780002197 A CN200780002197 A CN 200780002197A CN 101371502 A CN101371502 A CN 101371502A
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beacon
signal
period
beacon signal
wireless terminal
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CN101371502B (zh
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R·拉洛亚
F·兰恩
李君易
T·理查德森
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

例如认知无线电网络中的无线设备发现和使用当地可得的可用频谱用于通信。信标信令有助于可用频谱发现、频谱使用协调、和设备标识。可能已进入一新的区域且已通电的无线终端进行监视以检测通信频带中信标信号的存在性。当无线终端无法检测到信标时，无线终端假定该频谱可用并发射其用户信标信号，由此向其它无线终端提供它在该区域中的存在性的通知。无线终端在其信标发射区间与信标检测区间之间保持一协调的时基关系，这是在不断进行的基础上执行的。信标TX区间与信标监视区间的组合代表总时间的较小分数，从而能够功率节省。对等设备所已知的经协调的时基关系有助于高效率的对等通信会话建立。

Description

在存在或不存在信标信号情况下使用的通信方法和装置
相关申请
本申请要求根据下列申请而享有优先权：2006年1月11提交的名为“(自组织无线网络中使用信标信号进行标识、同步或捕获的方法和装置)METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR USING BEACON SIGNALS FORIDENTIFICATION，SYNCHRONIZATION OR ACQUISITION IN AN AD HOCWIRELESS NETWORK”的美国临时专利申请S/N.60/758,011，2006年1月11提交的名为“(有助于使用信标信号进行标识、同步或捕获的方法和装置)METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING IDENTIFICATION，SYNCHRONIZATION OR ACQUISITION USING BEACON SIGNALS”的美国临时专利申请S/N.60/758,010，2006年1月11日提交的名为“METHODS ANDAPPARATUS FOR USING BEACON SIGNALS IN A COGNITIVE RADIONETWORK(认知无线电网络中使用信标信号的方法和装置)”的美国临时专利申请S/N.60/758,012，2006年10月27日提交的美国临时专利申请S/N.60/863,304，2006年9月15日提交的美国临时专利申请S/N.60/845,052，以及2006年9月15日提交的美国临时专利申请60/845,051，这其中的每一份申请都通过引用包括于此，并且所有这些申请全都转让给了本申请的受让人。
领域
本发明涉及的是无线通信中用于信令的方法和装置，尤其涉及的是在诸如认知无线电网络等无线电网络中使用信标信号来检测频谱可用性的方法和装置。
背景
无线频谱是一种昂贵和有价值的资源，但是通常有很大一部分频谱并未使用。认知无线电的概念允许无线设备发现本地可得并可用于通信的频谱。无线设备应该能够感测包括其位置在内的环境，然后改变其包括功率和载波频率在内的通信参数，从而动态地重新使用可用频谱。对认知无线电来说，它的一个关键性技术难题是以稳健且功率效益合算的方式来检测频谱可用性。举个例子，当终端刚刚通电并且移动到新的区域时，该终端可能还未知晓当前可以在该地理区域附近使用的通信参数乃至技术。检测方法必须足够健壮，例如以便对抗包括缺少时基和频率同步在内的各种不确定性。此外，功率效率对终端电池寿命具有极大影响，因此它也是无线系统的另一个重要问题。
依据以上论述可以了解，目前需要的是能在无线电网络中检测频谱可用性的全新和改进的方式。
概要
依照各种实施例，在无线终端开始使用频谱带之前，无线终端将扫描频谱带，以确定该频谱带是否可用。该扫描步骤包括在该频谱带中搜索信标信号。
在一个示例性实施例中，信标信号包括频谱带中的信标信号突发序列，并且其中每一个信标信号突发包括一个或多个信标码元。信标码元是使用信标码元传输单元来传送的。信标信号突发包括一个或多个个信标码元，其中该数个信标码元占用该信标信号突发的信标码元传输单元的一较小分数，例如≤10％。在某些示例性的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中，每个信标码元是OFDM码元周期上的单个频调。而在某些正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中，每个信标码元是较小数目个——例如一个、两个、三个或四个连续OFDM码元周期上的单个频调。在某些实施例中，信标信号突发包括诸如一个或两个码元周期等较小数目个传输码元周期上的一个或多个频调——例如单个频调或诸如两个、三个或四个频调等较少数目个频调，这些频调被用于传送信标码元。信标信号突发以间歇(非连续)方式被发射，由此在第一与第二信标信号突发之间存在多个码元周期。连续的信标信号突发可以并且有时候确实依照预定或伪随机频调跳变序列来为信标码元使用不同频调。
根据各种实施例，信标信号可以用于携带少量信息。在示例性OFDM系统中，信息可以包含在信标码元的频调在一给定突发中的频率、连续突发之间的时间间隔和/或频调跳变序列中。在各种实施例中，信标信号携带的信息包括关于发射机的下列各项信息中的至少一项：标识符、类型、优先级、当前发射功率值以及最大功率信息——例如发射机能够发射的最大功率。
如果无线终端没有在搜索信标信号的步骤中检测到任何信标信号，那么在某些实施例中，频谱带可供该终端使用。否则，在一个实施例中，无线终端将不被允许使用该频谱带。
如果无线终端确定一候选频谱带可供使用，那么该无线终端可以开始使用该频谱，例如发射/接收数据或控制信号，或是与另一无线终端建立对等通信会话。在一个实施例中，该无线终端的发射功率取决于该无线终端的类型或优先级。
根据各种实施例的一个方面，当无线终端正在使用频谱时，该无线终端在该频谱带上发射它自己的用户信标信号。由不同无线终端发射的用户信标信号可以并且有时候确实因为各信标信号携带的信息而互不相同。在一个实施例中，各无线终端具有不同的服务优先级，并且与不同的用户信标信号相对应。
根据各种实施例的另一个方面，当无线终端使用频谱时，该无线终端侦听该频谱，并且尝试检测可能由另一无线终端发送的信标信号。该无线终端可以在大小为少量码元周期的时间区间中持续处于侦听模式(也就是启用时间)。在该启用时间之后跟随的是一个关闭时间，其间终端处于节能模式并且不接收任何信号例如关闭接收模块。作为替换，在无线终端使用频谱的时候，该无线终端可以持续处于侦听模式。
在一个实施例中，当第一无线终端检测到存在来自第二无线终端的用户信标信号时，无论第一无线终端当前是否正在使用频谱，该无线终端都需要比较优先级。如果第二无线终端的优先级较高，那么第一无线终端将会认为频谱带是不能使用的。此外，如果第一无线终端正在使用该频谱带，那么它应该停止使用该频谱带，由此优先级较高的用户或服务可以使用该频谱带，而不会受到第一无线终端的干扰。如果第二无线终端的优先级较低，那么第一无线终端将会认为频谱带可以使用。如果第一无线终端尚未使用该频谱，那么该第一无线终端可以开始发射其自身的用户信标信号。在某些实施例中，第一无线终端从检测到的信标信号推导第二无线终端的时基和/或频率，然后使用该信息来确定用以发射其自身的用户信标信号的时基和/或频率。非常有利的是，假设第二无线终端同样正在侦听以检测用户信标信号，那么上述同步将有助于第二无线终端接收到第一无线终端的用户信标信号，由此第二无线终端将会停止使用该频谱。
根据各种实施例的另一个方面，无线终端估计该无线终端与检测到的信标信号的相应发射机之间的路径损耗。该估计可以并且有时候以信标信号的收到功率为基础。如果路径损耗足够大，例如大于预定等级，那么该无线终端可以使用该频谱带。
根据各种实施例，在一地理区域中，如果无线终端或基站之类的任何通信节点在一频谱带中进行数据会话，那么该节点需要在该频谱带中发射节点信标信号。在数据会话中，节点可以传送或接收控制或数据信号。在该区域中有可能同时存在不同的节点，其中每一个无线终端都使用了多种服务中的至少一种，例如蜂窝电话、无线本地环路、数字电视等等，这些服务可以由不同的技术来提供支持。
根据各种实施例，一种操作无线通信设备的示例性方法，包括：在第一时段期间进行监视以检测第一通信频带中包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分；以及当未在所述第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时，在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。根据各种实施例的一种示例性无线通信设备，包括：信标检测模块，用于检测对在第一通信频带中传达的至少一个信标码元的接收；发射机；以及传输控制模块，用于根据所述信标检测模块的输出来控制信号传输，当未在第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时所述传输控制模块控制所述发射机在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。
虽然在以上的概述中论述了不同的实施例，但是应该了解，并不是所有的实施例都必须包含相同的特征，在某些实施例中，某些上述特征并不是必要的，而是适当的。在后续的详细描述中将会论述众多的附加特征、实施例和益处。
附图简述
图1描述了依照各种实施例实现的地理区域中的示例性认知无线电网络。
图2描述了依照各种实施例实现的在认知无线电网络中使用信标信号来控制频谱带的使用的示例性方法的梯形图。
图3描述了依照各种实施例实现的不同的示例性信标信号，例如系统和/或用户信标信号。
图4描述了依照各种实施例实现的使用时基同步信息的示例。
图5描述了依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端所使用的方法的流程图。
图6描述了一个依照预测信标监视间隔来监视信标信号突发以及传送信标突发的实施例。
图7描述了依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端的详细说明。
包括图8A和图8B的组合的图8是依照各种实施例操作无线通信设备——例如诸如移动节点等无线设备——的示例性方法的流程图。
图9是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端——例如移动节点的图示。
图10是依照各种实施例来操作无线通信设备的示例性方法的流程图。
图11是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端——例如移动节点的图示。
图12是依照各种实施例来操作无线通信设备的示例性方法的流程图。
图13是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端——例如移动节点的图示。
具体描述
图1描述的是一个依照各种实施例实现的示例性认知无线电通信网络100。在地理区域106中存在两个无线终端，即第一无线终端102和第二无线终端104。在某些实施例中还包括了系统终端105——例如包括系统信标发射机。某些频谱带可以供两个终端用于进行通信，例如进行对等通信。
通常，在认知无线电网络中是不存在网络基础设施的。在各种无线电网络中都可以使用所描述的各种新颖方法、装置和特征，但是这些方法、装置和特征尤其适合在基础设施有限或缺乏的网络中使用，例如在需要无线终端发现关于网络的信息的认知无线电网络中使用。这些无线终端未必具有公共时基或频率基准。实际上，在此类网络中，无线终端需要断定一给定频谱带是否可以供该无线终端在当前地理区域中使用。对认知无线电来说，它的一个关键思想是让无线终端感测其环境以及发现可用频谱。而频谱可用性则取决于环境。
图2描述的是依照各种实施例实现的认知无线电网络中使用信标信号来控制频谱带的使用的示例性方法的梯形图200。
垂直轴201代表的是时间。在这个示例性的认知无线电网络中具有三个示例性终端，即WT A 202、WT B 204以及WT C 206。假设在一开始没有一个无线终端(204、206、208)是通电的。
首先，无线终端A 202被通电。在无线终端A 202可以使用频谱带之前，首先它会扫描该频带，以便搜索用户信标信号(208)。由于无线终端A 202是该区域中的唯一的活动终端，因此它不会检测到任何用户信标信号。由此，无线终端A 202确定该频谱带可供使用(210)。该无线终端A 202开始使用该频谱(212)。该无线终端A 202广播其用户信标信号来显示其存在(214)。
稍后，无线终端B 204被通电。在无线终端B 204可以使用频谱带之前，首先它会扫描该频带，以便搜索用户信标信号(216)。该无线终端B 204检测到终端A发送的用户信标信号(218)。无线终端B 204此外还例如从检测到的信标信号或无线终端A的另一广播信道了解到该无线终端A可以用于进行对等通信(220)。因此，无线终端B 204确定使用该频谱(222)。无线终端A和B(202，204)建立对等会话(224)。由于这两个无线终端(202，204)都是活动的，因此，它们分别广播用户信标信号(228和226)。在某些实施例中，任何一个无线终端广播其自己的用户信标信号。在其它实施例中，这两个终端(202，204)确定其会话的优先级，并且使用该优先级来确定所要发送的用户信标信号。例如，该会话优先级可以是任一终端的最大优先级。
稍后，无线终端C 206被通电。在无线终端C 206可以使用频谱带之前，首先它会扫描该频带，以便搜索用户信标信号(230)。该无线终端C 206检测到无线终端A 202和/或无线终端B 204发送的用户信标信号(232)。无线终端C 206此外还例如从检测到的信标信号或无线终端A或B的另一广播信道中了解到存在一个正在进行的会话(234)。另外，该无线终端C 206还获知所检测到的信标信号的优先级，并且将它们与其自身的优先级相比较(236)。如果无线终端C 206的优先级较低，那么无线终端C 206确定该频谱带不可用(238)；否则，该无线终端C 206可以开始传送其自身的用户信标信号。在这种情况下，无线终端A和B(202，204)都将检测到来自无线终端C 206的用户信标信号，并且必须停止/暂停其会话并停止使用该频谱。
根据各种实施例，信标信号包括频谱带中信标信号突发序列，并且其中每一个信标信号突发包括一个或多个信标码元。信标码元是使用信标码元传输单元来传送的。信标信号突发包含较小数目个信标码元，其中该数目个信标码元占用该信标信号突发的信标码元传输单元的一较小分数。在某些示例性的OFDM系统中，信标码元是OFDM码元周期上的一频调。而在某些OFDM系统中，信标码元是较小数目个——例如一个、两个、三个或四个连续OFDM码元周期上的频调。在某些实施例中，信标信号突发包括诸如一个或两个码元周期等较小数目个传输码元周期上的一个或多个频调——例如单个频调或诸如两个、三个或四个频调等较少数目个频调，这些频调被用于传送信标码元。该无线发射机以间歇(非连续)方式发射信标信号突发，由此在第一与第二信标信号突发之间存在多个码元周期。图3在示图300和350中描述了示例性OFDM系统中的示例性信标信号。
在图300中，水平轴302代表的是时间，垂直轴304代表的是频率。垂直列代表了一给定码元周期中的每一个频调。每一个小框306都代表了一个频调码元，并且该频调码元是单个传输码元周期上的单个频调。在图350中，水平轴352代表了时间，垂直轴304代表了频率。垂直列代表的是一给定码元周期中的每一个频调。每一个小框356代表的是频调码元，并且该频调码元是单个传输码元周期上的单个频调。OFDM码元中的最小传输单元是频调码元。在本示例性实施例中，信标码元传输单元是OFDM频调码元。
信标信号包括在时间上顺序传送的信标信号突发序列，每一个信标码元突发都包括一个或多个信标码元。在各种实施例中，信标信号突发包括诸如一个或两个码元周期等少量数目个传输码元周期上的少量数目个频调——例如单个频调，这些频调被用于传送信标码元。图3的示图300显示了四个黑框(308、310、312、314)，其中每一个黑框都代表了一信标码元。在这种情况下，信标码元使用一频调码元的空中链路资源。在另一个示例性实施例中，信标码元使用在两个连续码元周期上传送的一个频调，并且使用两个OFDM频调码元的空中链路资源。
信标信号的一个或多个信标码元频调可以随突发而改变(跳变)。根据各种实施例，信标信号的包括用于一个或多个信标码元的频调以及突发间间隔的频调跳变图案，在某些实施例中，依赖于诸如终端等发射机，并且可以用作发射机的标识、或者可以用作发射机所属类型的标识、或指示该终端的发射功率或功率能力。
在某些实施例中，不同的用户信标信号至少在下列方面中的至少一个方面是互不相同的：信标信号突发的周期性、用于信标信号突发中的信标码元的一个或多个频调、以及在连续信标信号突发中使用的信标码元频调的跳变图案。
例如，图3显示了两个示例性信标信号(324，374)。考虑第一信标信号324是第一无线终端发送的第一用户信标信号，并且分别包括信标信号突发(316，318，320，322)和信标码元(308，310，312，314)。第二无线终端发送的第二信标信号374分别包括信标信号突发(366，368，370，372)以及信标码元(358，360，362，364)。上部300显示的是一个无线终端发送的用户信标信号324，下部350显示的是另一个无线终端发送的另一用户信标信号374。在这个示例中，这两个信标信号具有相同的周期性，但是其频调跳变序列是不同的。特别地，示例性第一无线终端信标信号324的频调遵循第一斜率，而示例性第二无线终端用户信标信号374的频调遵循第二斜率，其中第一斜率大于第二斜率。
在某些实施例中，示例性系统信标信号——例如来自基站和/或固定位置信标发射机的信标信号遵循第一斜率或第一斜率集合，而示例性用户信标信号遵循第二斜率或第二斜率集合，其中第一斜率不同于第二斜率和/或第一斜率集合不与第二斜率集合相重叠。
在一个示例性实施例中，假设执法或消防服务之类的高优先级服务与一般数据服务之类的低优先级服务共享频谱带。在大多数时间里，高优先级服务没有任何活动，在此期间，频谱带可以完全由低优先级服务使用。但是，当高优先级服务需要使用频谱时，这时较为理想的应该是应停止低优先级服务。与低优先级服务相关联的会话应该终止。为此目的，根据各种实施例，与不同服务等级相关联的终端使用不同的用户信标信号，例如以便信号通知不同的优先级。
考虑一示例性实施例。当无线终端就可用性而对频谱带进行扫描的时候，或者当无线终端已经处于使用该频谱带进行通信会话的时候，该无线终端应该继续搜索用户信标信号。如果该无线终端检测到一优先级高于自身优先级的用户信标信号的存在，那么该无线终端将会认为相应的频谱带不可用。如果正在进行通信会话，该无线终端应该终止通信会话，并且可以着手扫描另一个候选频谱带。这样做的结果是高优先级终端或服务将使用到清洁的频谱带。
图4中的图示400描述的是依照不同实施例实现的用于监视信标信号突发的一个实施例。无线终端侦听频谱带，并且尝试检测可能由不同的无线终端发送的用户信标信号。该无线终端可以在大小为少量码元周期的时间区间中持续处于侦听模式，该时间区间被称为启用时间。跟随在该启用时间(402)之后的是其间无线终端处于节能模式并且不接收任何信号的关闭时间(406)。在关闭时间中，无线终端可以完全关闭接收模块。当关闭时间406结束时，无线终端将会恢复到启用时间404，并且开始再次检测信标信号。重复上述过程。
在某些实施例中，启用时间区间的长度短于关闭时间区间的长度。在一个实施例中，启用时间区间小于或等于关闭时间区间的1/5。在一个实施例中，每一个启用时间区间的长度都是相同的，并且每一个关闭时间区间的长度也是相同的。
在某些实施例中，关闭时间区间的长度取决于第一无线终端检测另一(第二)无线终端存在性的等待时间需求——如果第一无线终端附近实际存在第二无线终端的话。启用时间的长度将被确定成使第一无线终端有极大可能在启用时间区间中检测到至少一个信标信号突发。在一个实施例中，启用时间区间的长度取决于信标信号突发的传输持续时间以及连续信标信号突发之间的传输持续时间中的至少一个。例如，启用时间区间的长度至少是信标信号突发的传输持续时间与连续信标信号突发之间的持续时间的和。
图5描述的是依照各种实施例实施的用于操作第一无线终端所使用的无线终端的示例性方法的流程图500。该示例性方法的操作是在步骤501中开始的，在该步骤中第一无线终端被通电和初始化，并且前进到步骤502。
在步骤502，示例性第一无线终端可以通过扫描频谱带而开始搜索用户信标信号。然后，在步骤504，第一无线终端检查是否已检测到到来自第二无线终端的用户信标信号。如果答案是“否”，那么该操作从步骤504前进到步骤516，其中第一无线终端确定频谱可供使用。否则，第一无线终端发现信标信号，并且该操作从步骤504前进到步骤506，其中第一无线终端会将检测到的用户信标信号的优先级与其自身的优先级相比较。在步骤508，第一无线终端检查所检测到的信标是否具有高于其自身的优先级。如果答案是“否”，那么该操作将会从步骤508前进到步骤516，其中第一无线终端确定频谱可供使用。否则，该操作从步骤508前进到步骤510。在步骤510，第一无线终端确定从第一无线终端到第二无线终端的路径损耗。
在一个实施例中，该信标信号携带了关于第二无线终端的发射功率的信息。然后，第一无线终端可以从该发射功率以及第一无线终端测得的收到功率中确定路径损耗。在一个特例中，每一个信标信号都是以相同的功率电平发送的，则该信标信号自身无需携带关于第二无线终端的发射功率的信息。第一无线终端可以从已知的发射功率——例如预定信标电平以及第一无线终端测得的接收功率确定路径损耗。操作从步骤510前进到步骤512。
在步骤512，第一无线终端确定该路径损耗是否足够高——例如相对于预定的已存储路径损耗电平。如果答案为“是”，那么操作从步骤512前进到步骤516。在步骤516，第一无线终端确定频谱可供使用。否则，该操作从步骤512前进到步骤514，其中第一无线终端确定频谱不可用。
一旦第一无线终端在步骤516中确定频谱可供使用，该第一无线终端就可以使用该频谱来建立通信链路，例如对等通信。该操作从步骤516前进到步骤518，在该步骤中，第一无线终端开始使用该频谱，这其中包括发射其自身的用户信标信号。同时，第一无线终端应周期性地处于启用时间模式——例如相对于接收机操作而言，并且如步骤502所指示地扫描频谱带来搜索用户信标信号。
通常，认知无线电网络中的终端并不具有可供每一个终端导出同步信息的公共源。根据各种示例性实施例的特征，这些无线终端使用从专用发射机发射的——例如包括信标发射机的固定位置的系统终端所发射的系统信标信号导出的时基和/或频率信息。该固定位置的系统终端既可以耦合到其它网络节点，也可以不与其它网络节点相耦合，并且除了发射信标信号之外既可以包含附加无线功能，也可以不包含附加无线功能。在某些实施例中，该固定位置的系统终端唯一的功能就是发射将被各无线终端用作基准的系统信标信号。非常有利的是，这些终端现在具有了公共的时基和/或频率基准，由此可以相互同步。详细的说，图6的示图600描述了依照各种实施例实现的利用时基同步信息的示例。
水平轴601代表的是时间。第二无线终端发射其用户信标信号608，其中包括信标信号突发602、604、606等的序列。现在，假设第一无线终端通电，并且检测到这些信标突发。假定第一无线终端具有高于第二无线终端的优先级，并且第一无线终端想要使用该频谱。
第一无线终端预测第二无线终端接收机的启用时间区间，其间第二无线终端监视其它用户信标信号。该预测依据的是检测到的信标突发602、604和606的估计时基。例如，在图6中，一终端的启用时间区间是从与同一无线终端所发送的信标信号突发开端具有已知时间偏移量612的时间实例开始的。由此，一旦第一无线终端确定第二无线终端发射机的信标突发时基，就可以从已知关系确定第二无线终端的接收机时基。
与在随机选择的时间实例上发送其用户信标信号不同，在图6所示的示例性情景中，第一无线终端选择在第二无线终端正在侦听(610)的时间进行发射(614)。第二无线终端检测到第一无线终端发送的用户信标信号，然后因为其优先级较低而决定停止使用该频谱带。
应该指出的是，如果没有上述同步，那么第二无线终端有可能耗费长得多的时间来检测第一无线终端发送的用户信标信号。另外，第二无线终端有可能需要在更长的时间区间中处于侦听模式，以便减少检测的等待时间。由此，同步有助于无线终端更加快速并以一种功率效益更高的方式来检测信标信号。
图7提供的是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端700的详细图示。图7所示的示例性无线终端700是可以作为图1所示的任一无线终端102和104使用的装置的详细表示。在图7的实施例中，无线终端700包括通过总线706耦合在一起的处理器704、无线通信接口模块730、用户输入/输出接口740以及存储器710。相应地，借助总线706，终端700的不同组件可以交换信息、信号和数据。无线终端700的组件704、706、710、730、740全都位于壳702的内部。
无线通信接口730提供了一种机制，借助该机制，无线终端700的内部组件可以发送和接收去往/来自外部设备和另一终端的信号。举例来说，该无线通信接口730包括例如经由双工器738与天线736相耦合的接收机模块732和发射机模块734以用于例如经由无线通信信道将无线终端700耦合至其它终端。
示例性无线终端700还包括经由用户输入/输出接口740与总线706相耦合的诸如按键板等用户输入设备742以及诸如显示器等用户输出设备744。由此，用户输入/输出设备742、744可以借助用户输入/输出设备接口740以及总线706而与无线终端700的其它组件交换信息、信号和数据。用户输入/输出接口740以及相关联的设备742、744提供了一种机制，借助该机制，用户可以操作无线终端700以便完成不同的任务。特别地，用户输入设备742和用户输出设备744提供了允许用户对无线终端700以及应用——例如在无线终端700的存储器710中执行的模块、程序、例程和/或功能进行控制的功能。
在各种模块——例如存储器710中包含的例程控制下的处理器704控制终端700的操作，以便执行如下所述的各种信令和处理。包含在存储器710中的模块是在启动时或是在其它模块调用时执行的。这些模块可以在执行时交换数据、信息和信号。这些模块还可以在执行时共享数据和信息。在图7的示例性实施例中，无线终端700的存储器710包括信令/控制模块712以及信令/控制数据714。
信令/控制模块712对以下处理进行控制：接收和发送诸如信标信号、用户数据信号、消息等信号，管理状态信息的存储、检索、处理、扫描、传输控制的管理，优先级确定，路径损耗确定，设备标识，用户标识，以及频谱可用性确定。信令/控制数据714包含的是状态信息，例如与终端操作相关的参数、状态和/或其它信息。特别地，信令/控制数据714包含了各种配置信息916，例如终端的类型、优先级、发射功率、发射机功率能力等等的配置信息。模块712可以并且有时候确实访问和/或修改数据714，例如更新配置信息716。模块712还包括扫描频谱带来搜索该频带中的系统信标信号的模块711；用于发射用户信标信号的模块713；用于比较不同用户信标信号优先级的模块715；用于确定路径损耗的模块717。
图8包含了图8A和8B的组合，并且图8是依照各种实施例来操作无线通信设备——例如移动节点等无线终端的示例性方法的流程图800。无线通信设备是例如可通过电池电力供电来工作的无线通信设备。该无线通信设备可以是例如图9的无线终端900。
该操作是在步骤802中开始的，在该步骤中，无线通信设备被通电和初始化，并且前进到步骤804。在步骤804中，该无线通信设备在第一时段中执行监视，以检测包含第一通信频带中的至少一个信标码元的信标信号的一部分。
操作从步骤804前进到步骤806。在步骤806，无线通信设备根据所述监视结果来作出是否发射第一信号的决策，所述第一信号包括信标码元和用户数据这两者中的至少一者。在某些实施例中，第一信号是信标信号。在某些实施例中，所述用户数据包括文本数据、音频数据、图像数据、游戏数据以及电子数据表数据中的至少一种。
步骤806包括子步骤808、810、812、814和816。在子步骤808中，无线通信设备确定在步骤804的监视中是否检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分。如果检测到信标码元部分，那么该操作从步骤808前进到备选子步骤810和812中的一个。如果没有检测到信标码元，则该操作从步骤808前进到步骤814，其中该无线通信设备决定不在所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射信号。
在子步骤810中，响应于所述检测到的信标信号部分，无线通信设备决定发射信号。在备选的子步骤812中，无线通信设备对检测到的信标信号部分传达的信息进行解码。操作从子步骤812前进到子步骤816。在子步骤816中，无线通信设备根据所述解码信息中包含的信息来决定是否发射所述第一无线信号。在各种实施例中，子步骤816包括一个或多个子步骤818和820。在子步骤818中，无线通信设备基于所述解码信息中包含的类型信息来决定。在各种实施例中，类型信息指示第二频带是否被允许用于对等通信。在某些实施例中，类型信息标识允许用于对等通信的第二频带。在子步骤820中，该无线通信设备根据所述解码信息中包含的设备标识信息来决定。在某些此类实施例中，设备标识信息标识无线通信设备与当前正使用该无线通信设备的用户中的至少一个。
操作经由连接节点A 822从步骤806前进到步骤824。在步骤824中，无线通信设备根据步骤806中的决策是否为发射而以不同的方式继续执行处理。如果该决策是发射，则操作从步骤824前进到步骤826。如果该决策是不发射，则操作从步骤824经由连接节点B 828前进到执行附加监视的步骤804。
在步骤826中，无线通信设备会在第二时段期间发射所述第一信号的至少一部分。在某些实施例中，第一信号是在与第一通信频带相同的第二频带中传送的。例如，接收到的信标信号部分和第一信号——例如所发射的信标信号部分可能与对等通信网络中的对等节点相对应，并且这两个对等节点可能正使用同一频带用于用户信标信令。在某些其它实施例中，第一信号是在与第一通信频带不同的第二频带中传送的。例如，接收到的信标信号部分可以是从使用与该通信设备在其中发射其用户信标信令的通信频带不同的频带的基站或固定信标信号发射机传送的。在某些此类实施例中，第一和第二通信频带在频域中是分离且不相交的。在各种实施例中，第一和第二通信频带是不同大小的频带。
在一些实施例中，步骤826包括子步骤830，其中无线通信设备发射其至少一个信标码元。例如，该至少一个信标码元是一信标突发中的单个信标码元或少量数目个信标码元，例如这些信标码元占据该信标突发的信标码元传输单元<10％。
操作从步骤826行进到步骤832和834之一。在步骤832，无线通信设备例如在第三时间段期间向第三通信频带发射用户数据，所述第三时间周期跟随所述第二时间周期之后。例如，在第二时间段期间，该无线通信设备发射包括至少一个信标码元的第一信号的至少一部分例如以标识其存在，并在第三时间段期间，该无线通信设备向对等设备发射用户数据。在各种实施例中，第三频带与第二频带相同。例如，该无线设备可向同一频带发射用户信标信号和用于对等通信的用户数据两者。在一些其它实施例中，第二频带与第三频带不同。例如，用于用户信标信号和用户数据信号的频率带可以是截然不同的。
该操作从步骤832前进到步骤834。在步骤834中，无线通信设备在第四时段中监视以便检测来自另一无线通信设备——例如来自对等通信网络中对等设备的附加信标信号的至少一部分。在某些实施例中，步骤834包括子步骤836。在子步骤836中，无线通信设备就附加信标信号的至少一部分而对与所述第一频带不同的第二频带进行监视。
图9是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端900——例如移动节点的图示。示例性无线终端900可以是图1系统100中的示例性无线终端(102，104)中的任何一个。
该示例性无线终端900包括经由各种部件可在其上交换数据和信息的总线912耦合在一起的接收机模块902、发射机模块904、处理器906、用户I/O设备908以及存储器910。存储器910包括例程914以及数据/信息916。处理器906——例如CPU执行例程914并使用存储器910中的数据/信息916来控制无线终端900的操作以及实现各种方法。
接收机模块902——例如OFDM接收机与接收天线903相耦合，借助该天线，无线终端接收来自其它无线通信设备——例如其它无线终端和/或诸如基站和/或固定位置的信标发射机等系统终端的信号。接收到的信号包括例如来自无线终端的信标信号，来自系统节点的信标信号，以及例如对等通信中来自无线终端的握手信号和用户数据信号。
发射机模块904——例如OFDM发射机与发射天线905相耦合，借助该天线，无线终端900将信号发射到其它无线通信设备——例如对等节点。在某些实施例中，同一天线被用于接收机模块902和发射机模块904，例如接收机和发射机模块(902，904)经由双工器模块耦合到天线。发射机模块904发射的信号包括例如第一信号，诸如信标信号或是包含了至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分。
举例来说，用户I/O设备908包括话筒、按键板、键盘、开关、相机、扬声器、显示器等等。用户I/O设备908允许无线终端900的用户输入数据/信息、访问输出数据/信息、以及对无线终端900的至少某些功能进行控制。
例程914包括通信例程918以及无线终端控制例程920。通信例程918实现无线终端所使用的各种通信协议。该无线终端控制例程920包括信标检测模块922、基于信标的决策模块924、信标信令解码模块926、信标信号生成模块928、控制模块930以及无线终端信标检测模块932。
信标检测模块922对在第一通信频带中传送的一个或多个信标信号的接收进行检测。基于信标的决策模块924基于信标检测模块922的输出来确定是否发射第一信号，其中所述输出取决于在一时段期间是否检测到信标码元，所述第一信号包括信标码元和用户数据这两者中的至少一者。信标信令解码模块926对检测到的信标信号部分所传达的信息进行解码，至少一个检测到的信标码元是所述检测到的信标信号部分的部分。在某些实施例中，基于信标的决策模块924基于由信标信号解码模块执行的解码所生成的解码信息来作出是否发射第一信号的决策。在某些实施例中，当所述信标检测模块在第一时段期间没有检测到包含信标码元的至少一部分信标信号时，基于信标的决策模块924作出不在跟随第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射信号的决策。在某些实施例中，基于信标的决定模块924基于解码信息中包含的类型信息来作出是否发射信号的决策，所述类型信息指示第二频带是否被允许用于对等通信。在某些实施例中，基于信标的决定模块924基于解码信息中包含的设备信息来作出是否发射信号的决策。
信标信号生成模块928生成信标信号，所述生成的信标信号传达用于标识下列各项中的至少一项的标识符：i)所述无线通信设备，以及ii)当前正使用所述无线通信设备的用户。控制模块930对接收机和发射机的工作频带进行控制。该控制模块930包括用户数据传输控制模块931。在某些实施例中，所述接收机和发射机被控制以基于时分复用来使用同一频带。而在某些实施例中，接收机将被控制成使用第一通信频带，而发射机被控制成使用第二通信频带，所述第一和第二通信频带是不同的频带。在某些实施例中，第一和第二通信频带在频域中分离和不相交的但是具有预定的关系。在某些此类实施例中，第一和第二通信频带是不同大小的频带。
用户数据传输控制模块931对在第三时段期间用户数据向第三通信频带的传输进行控制。在某些实施例中，第三时段跟随在第二时段之后，所述第二时段是其间发射所述第一信号的至少一部分的时段，所述第一信号包括至少一个信标码元。在某些实施例中，第三通信频带与第二通信频带相同。而在某些实施例中，第三通信频带不同于第二通信频带。
无线终端信标检测模块932检测在第四时段期间来自其它无线通信设备的信标码元，所述第四时段的至少一部分与在其间操作所述信标检测模块922的时段是不同的。其它无线通信设备例如可以是对等通信网络中的对等节点。在某些实施例中，无线终端信标检测模块932对第二通信带进行监视，所述第二通信频带是与所述第一通信频带不同的频带。
数据/信息916包括检测到的信标信号信息934、从解码的信标信号部分恢复的信息(从与第一信标信号相对应的解码的信标信号恢复的信息936，……，从与第N个信标信号相对应的解码的信标信号恢复的信息938)，传输决策信息940，设备标识信息950，用户标识信息952，第一信号信息954，当前时段信息960，接收机频带选择信息962，发射机频带选择信息964，对等网络通信会话信息966以及系统数据/信息968。
在某些实施例中，从与第一信标信号相对应的解码的信标信号部分恢复的信息936包括类型信息942和标识信息944中的一个或多个信息。类型信息942是例如频带类型指示信息。该类型信息942可以并且有时候确实指示该频带类型被指定用于对等通信。标识信息944是例如设备标识信息和/或用户标识信息。
在某些实施例中，从与第N个信标信号相对应的解码的信标信号部分恢复的信息938包括类型信息946和标识信息948中的一个或多个。类型信息946是例如频带类型指示信息。标识信息是例如设备标识信息和/或用户标识信息。
在某些实施例中，第一信号信息956包括信标码元信息956和用户数据358中的一个或多个。信标码元信息956包括例如：标识用以传达例如该第一信号中所包括的信标信号的信标突发内的信标码元的信标传输单元的信息，频调跳变图案信息，和/或与信标码元相对应的时间信息。用户数据958包括诸如第一信号的语音数据、其它类型的音频数据、图像数据、文本数据、文件数据等与第一信号的数据码元相对应的数据信息。
系统数据/信息968包括时基/频率结构信息970、信标解码信息976、决策准则信息978以及信标编码信息980。时基/频率结构信息970包括频带的信息972和时段的信息974。频带的信息972包括用于标识时常被无线终端所用的多个不同频带的信息。该频带的信息372还包括将信标信号与频带相关联的信息。在某些实施例中，不同的频带被用于不同的目的。例如，在某些实施例中，一个频带被用于信标信令，而另一频带则被用于用户数据信令。在某些实施例中，至少某些频带被用于多个目的，例如用户数据信标信令和无线终端信标信令。在某些实施例中，同一频带在不同时间用于不同的目的，例如，通常被用于借助基站的无线通信的频带在某些实施例中时常也被用于对等通信。时段的信息974例如包括用于在时基结构中标识该无线终端何时应接收信标信号、发射信标信号以及向对等节点传送用户数据信号的信息。
信标解码信息976——例如用于将各种潜在可能检测到的信标信号映射到诸如频带类型指示信息、设备ID信息、用户ID信息和/或优先级信息等经恢复的信息的信息被信标信号解码模块926用来在例如处理信标码元信息934时恢复信息(936，……，938)。
图10是依照各种实施例来操作无线通信设备的示例性方法的流程图1000。举例来说，该无线通信设备是诸如移动节点等使用电池电力工作的便携式无线终端。无线通信设备是图11的无线终端1100。操作是在步骤1002中开始的，在该步骤中，无线通信设备被通电和初始化。操作从开始步骤1002前进到步骤1004。在步骤1004中，无线通信设备在第一时段期间监视以检测第一通信频带中包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分。在某些实施例中，信标信号部分传送一标识值。例如该标识值可以是设备标识符和用户标识符之一。
然后，在步骤1006，该操作根据在步骤1004中是否检测到包含至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分而以不同方式继续进行。如果检测到信标信号部分，那么该操作将会从步骤1006前进到步骤1004，以便在另一个第一时段期间进行监视。但是，如果没有检测到信标信号部分，那么操作从步骤1006前进到步骤1008。
在步骤1008，通信设备会在所述第一时段之后的第二时段发射第一信号——例如包括至少一个信标码元的第二信标信号的至少一部分。在某些实施例中，第一信号将被发射到第一通信频带中。在某些实施例中，所述第二时段与所述第一时段具有固定的时间关系。在各种实施例中，第二时段与第一时段的开端具有预定的时间偏移量。
然后，在步骤1010，无线通信设备传送用户数据。在某些实施例中，第一信号是在非重叠时段期间在用户数据传输之前传送的。在各种实施例中，用户数据也在第一通信频带中传送。操作从步骤1010前进到步骤1012。在步骤1012中，无线通信设备监视来自正与所述无线通信设备进行对等通信的另一设备的对所述用户数据传输的响应。
图11是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端1100——例如移动节点的图示。该示例性无线终端1100可以是图1系统100中的示例性无线终端(102，104)中的任何一个。
示例性无线终端1100包括经由各种部件可在其上交换数据和信息的总线1112耦合在一起的接收机模块1102、发射机模块1104、处理器1106、用户I/O设备1108以及存储器1110。存储器1110包括例程1114和数据/信息1116。处理器1106——例如CPU执行例程1114并且使用存储器1110中的数据/信息1116，以便控制无线终端1100的操作以及实施各方法。
接收机模块1102——例如OFDM接收机与接收天线1103相耦合，借助该天线，无线终端接收来自其它无线通信设备的信号。接收机模块1102接收信标信号部分——例如在第一通信频带中发射的信标信号部分。接收机模块1102还接收来自对等设备的作为对等通信会话的一部分的会话建立信号和用户数据信号。
发射机模块1104——例如OFDM发射机与发射天线1105相耦合，借助该天线，无线终端1100将信号发射到其它无线通信设备——例如对等节点。在某些实施例中，同一天线被用于接收机模块1102和发射机模块1104，例如与双工模块相结合。所发射的信号包括信标信号、作为对等通信会话的一部分的通信会话建立信号以及用户数据信号。
用户I/O设备1108例如包括话筒、按键板、键盘、开关、相机、扬声器、显示器等。用户I/O设备1108允许无线终端1100的用户输入数据/信息、访问输出数据/信息以及控制无线终端1100的至少某些功能——例如尝试建立对等通信会话。
例程1114包括通信例程1118以及无线终端控制例程1120。通信例程1118实现无线终端所使用的各种通信协议。无线终端控制例程1120包括信标检测模块1122、传输控制模块1124、诸如信标信号部分等第一信号生成模块1126、信标码元生成模块1127、信标信息检测模块1128、频带控制模块1130、用户数据传输控制模块1132以及响应检测模块1134。
信标检测模块1122对在第一通信频带中传送的信标码元的接收进行检测。传输控制模块1124依照信标检测模块1122的输出来控制信号传输。当在第一时段期间没有检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时，传输控制模块1124控制发射机模块1104在所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。在某些实施例中，第二时段与第一时段具有固定的时间关系，例如关于第一时段的开端具有预定的时间偏移量。
第一信号生成部分1126生成第一信号。例如，示例性第一信号是诸如包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号突发的信标信号部分。信标码元生成模块1127生成信标码元，例如包含在所生成的信标码元部分中的信标码元。例如，从无线终端传输的角度来看，信标码元与数据码元相比是具有相对较高的功率的码元，由此帮助容易检测。例如，在某些实施例中，信标码元与数据码元之间的平均发射功率差至少是10dB。在某些实施例中，所生成的每一个信标码元都具有相同的发射功率电平。在某些实施例中，所生成的每一个信标码元都具有相同的相位，而所生成的数据码元则可以并且通常具有不同的相位，例如作为QPSK、QAM16、QAM256等信号星座的一部分。
信标信息检测模块1128确定检测到的信标信号部分所传送的标识值。例如，该标识值是设备标识符和用户标识符之一。
频带控制模块1130对接收机模块1102和发射机模块1104的工作频带进行控制。在某些实施例中，接收机模块1102和发射机模块1104被控制以时分复用方式来使用同一频带——例如关于对等通信会话。
除了所述第一通信频带中的所述第一信号之外，用户数据传输控制模块1132还对用户数据的传输进行控制。在某些实施例中，第一信号是在所述用户数据之前传送的，并且用户数据传输控制模块1132控制所述用户数据的传输发生在不与所述第一信号的传输重叠的传输时段。在各种实施例中，用户数据传输控制模块1132对用户数据传输进行控制以使得将用户数据传送到第一频带中——例如该无线终端往其中传送其信标信号的同一频带。
响应检测模块1134检测来自正与所述无线终端设备进行对等通信的另一设备的对该用户数据传输的响应。举例来说，该响应是来自对等节点的用户数据和/或控制信息。控制信息例如是握手信息、会话建立信息、会话终止信息、会话保持信息、功率控制信息、时基控制信息、频带信息等等。
数据/信息1116包括接收机频带选择信息1136、当前时间信息1138、发射机频带选择信息1140、信标检测/无法检测标志1142、检测出的信标信号信息1144、检测出的信标信号部分标识信息1146、设备标识信息1148、用户标识信息1150、生成的第一信号信息——例如生成的信标信号信息1152、要传送的用户数据1154、检测出的来自对等设备的响应信息1156以及系统数据/信息1158。
接收机频带选择1136和发射机频带选择1140是频带选择模块1130的输入，并且由无线终端在控制接收机模块1102和发射机模块1104的调谐时使用。信标检测/无法检测标志1142——例如来自信标检测模块1122的单比特输出被传输控制模块1124用来根据系统信标信令规则来作出信标传输决策。
检测出的信标信号信息1144包括信标信号检测模块1122恢复的、与检测到的信标信号相对应的信息，例如一组用于传达信标码元的已标识信标传输单元、信标码元图案、与检测到的信标码元相关联的斜率等等。检测出的信标信号部分标识信息1146是信标信息检测模块1128的输出，并且例如是用于标识检测到的信标信号的源的设备标识符或用户标识符。
生成的第一信号信息——例如生成的信标信号信息1152与第一信号生成模块1126生成的第一信号相对应，并且包括例如用于定义信标信号突发的信息——例如信标码元频调标识信息、空频调标识信息、信标突发持续时间信息、以及信标突发时基信息。
要传送的用户数据1154包括将在用户数据传输控制模块1132的控制下在所实现的时基结构中的适当时间——例如用户数据区间期间传送的送往对等设备的例如语音、其它音频数据、图像数据、文本和/或文件数据。检测出的来自对等设备的响应信息1156则是响应检测模块1134的输出。
系统数据/信息1158包括时基/频率结构信息1160、信标编码信息1168以及信标解码信息1170。时基/频率结构信息1160包括频带的信息1162、时段的信息1164以及时段关系的信息1166。
图12是根据各种实施例来操作无线通信设备的示例性方法的流程图1200的示图。该无线通信设备例如是移动节点之类的使用电池电力工作的便携式无线终端。该无线通信设备例如是图13中的无线终端1300。操作是在步骤1202中开始的，在该步骤中，无线通信设备被通电和初始化，并且该操作前进到步骤1204。在步骤1204中，无线通信设备接收到来自另一通信设备的包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分。操作从步骤1204前进到步骤1206。在步骤1206，无线通信设备基于所述接收到的信标信号部分传达的优先级信息来作出信号传输决策。该优先级信息例如指示设备优先级、用户优先级和会话优先级之一。
优先级信息可以并且有时是使用包括在所述信标信号部分中的多个信标码元来编码的。在某些此类实施例中，优先级信息至少部分是用信标码元在用于传送所述信标信号部分的信标码元传输单元集中的位置来编码的。在某些实施例中，优先级信息至少部分是基于信标码元位置在包扩多个信标码元传输时间周期的时段上用于传送所述信标信号部分的信标码元传输单元集中的变化而编码的。在某些此类实施例中，信标码元传输单元集中的信标码元传输单元与对应于要传达的优先级的预定频调跳变图案相对应。在各种实施例中，使用唯一的信标码元图案来传达最高优先级信标，该信标指示与用于传达优先级信息的所有其它信标相比更高的优先级。
在某些实施例中，作出传输决策包括当所述优先级信息指示比与所述无线通信设备相关联的优先级更高的优先级时，决定不传送用户数据。在某些实施例中，作出传输决策包括当所述优先级信息指示比与所述无线通信设备相关联的优先级更低的优先级时，决定传送用户数据。
作出传输决策可以并且有时候确实包括决定以一发射功率电平来发射用户数据，其中该发射功率电平是依照接收到的信标信号部分的收到优先级以及收到功率电平来确定的。在某些实施例中，当与先前接收的、用于控制发射功率的信标信号部分所指示的优先级相比，接收到的信标信号部分指示更高的优先级时，该无线通信设备的发射功率电平将会减小。在某些实施例中，当与先前接收的、用于控制发射功率的信标信号部分所指示的优先级相比，接收到的信标信号部分指示更低的优先级时，该无线通信设备的发射功率电平将会减小。
接下来，在步骤1208，该操作将会依照步骤1206中的信号传输决策而以不同方式进行。如果信号传输决策表明应该传送用户数据，那么该操作从步骤1208前进到步骤1210。如果信号传输决策表明不应该传送用户数据，那么该操作从步骤1208前进到步骤1204，其中操作无线通信设备接收另一包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分。
在步骤1210，操作无线通信设备发射至少一部分信标码元，例如信标信号突发或多个信标信号突发。在各种实施例中，所发射的信标信号部分标识所述无线通信设备和正在使用所述无线通信设备传送数据的用户中的至少一个。在某些实施例中，所发射的信标信号部分传达与所述无线通信设备相对应的优先级信息。该操作从步骤1210前进到步骤1212。在步骤1212中，无线通信传送用户数据。并且操作从步骤1212前进到步骤1214。
在步骤1214，无线通信设备监视包括至少一个信标码元的附加信号部分，例如所述附加信号部分是传达比与该无线通信设备相关联的优先级更高的优先级的信标码元的部分。操作从步骤1214前进到步骤1216。在步骤1216，无线通信设备确定是否在预定时段期间接收到所述附加部分。
如果确定没有接收到所述附加部分，那么操作从步骤1216前进到步骤1218，其中无线通信设备发射一信号。此外，操作将会从步骤1218前进到步骤1214，以便在另一个预定时段中进行附加监视。
回到步骤1216，如果确定没有接收到所述附加部分，那么操作从步骤1216前进到步骤1204，其中操作该无线通信设备接收另一包括至少一个信标码元的信标码元的至少一部分。
图13是依照各种实施例实现的示例性无线终端1300——例如移动节点的图示。示例性无线终端1300可以是图1系统100中的示例性无线终端(102，104)中任何一个。
示例性无线终端1300包括经由各种部件可在其上交换数据和信息的总线1312耦合在一起的接收机模块1302、发射机模块1304、处理器1306、用户I/O设备1308以及存储器1310。存储器1310包括例程1314和数据/信息1316。该处理器1306——例如CPU执行例程1314，并使用存储器1310中的数据/信息1316来控制无线终端1300的操作以及实现各方法。
接收机模块1302——例如OFDM接收机与接收天线1303相耦合，无线终端借助该天线从其它无线通信设备接收信号。接收机模块1302接收来自其它通信设备的信号，其中包括包含了至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分。接收到的信号包括来自对等节点的信标信号和用户数据信号。
发射机模块1304——例如OFDM发射机与发射天线1305相耦合，无线终端借助该天线来向诸如对等节点等其它无线通信设备发射信号。在某些实施例中，同一天线被用于接收机模块1302和发射机模块1304，例如与双工模块相结合。发射机模块1304依照信号传输决策模块1322的决策来发射包括信标信号部分和用户数据的信号。在各种实施例中，所发射的包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分标识下列各项中的至少一项：i)无线通信设备1300，以及ii)正在使用无线终端1300来传送用户数据的用户。
举例来说，用户I/O设备1308包括话筒、按键板、键盘、开关、相机、扬声器、显示器等等。用户I/O设备1308允许无线终端1300的用户输入数据/信息、访问输出数据/信息以及控制无线终端1300的至少某些功能——例如尝试建立对等通信会话。
例程1314包括通信例程1318以及无线终端控制例程1320。该通信例程1318实现无线终端1300所使用的各种通信协议。无线终端控制例程1320包括传输决策模块1322、信标信号生成模块1324、监视模块1326、控制模块1328、发射功率控制模块1330以及信标信号信息检测模块1332。
传输决策模块1322根据接收到的信标信号部分传达的优先级信息来作出信号传输决策。例如优先级信息指示设备优先级、用户优先级以及会话优先级之一。传输决策模块1322包括基于优先级的控制模块1334。当接收到的优先级信息指示比与所述无线终端1300相关联的优先级更高的优先级时，基于优先级的控制模块1334阻止用户数据的传输。在各种实施例中，当接收到的优先级信息指示比与无线终端1300相关联的优先级更低的优先级时，基于优先级的控制模块1334使能用户数据传输。
信标信号生成模块1324产生信标信号部分，所生成的信标信号部分包括至少一个信标码元。某些信标信号部分被称为信标突发信号。
控制模块1328控制监视模块1326在传输决策模块1322作出信号传输决策之后监视包括至少一个信标码元的附加信标信号部分。在某些实施例中，如果在预定时段期间没有接收到传达比与无线终端1300相关联的所述优先级更高的优先级的附加信标信号部分，那么传输决策模块1322作出发射信号的决策。
发射功率控制模块1330依照接收到的信标信号部分的收到优先级以及收到功率电平中的至少一项来控制用户数据发射功率电平。该发射功率控制模块1330包括发射功率减小模块1336。当接收到的信标信号部分指示的优先级高于先前接收的用于控制发射功率的信标信号部分所指示的优先级时，该发射功率减小模块1336将会减小发射功率电平。
信标信号信息检测模块1332从接收到的信标信号部分包含的信标码元集确定优先级信息，所述优先级信息是在多个信标码元上编码的。在某些实施例中，优先级信息至少部分是用信标码元在用于传送信标信号部分的信标码元传输单元中的位置来编码的。在各种实施例中，优先级信息至少部分是基于信标码元位置在用以传送信标信号部分的信标码元传输单元集中的变化来编码的。在某些实施例中，优先级信息至少部分是基于信标码元位置在包扩多个信标码元传输时间周期的时段上用于传送信标信号部分的的信标码元传输单元集中的变化而编码的。在各种实施例中，信标码元传输单元集中的信标码元位置与对应于要传达的优先级的预定频调跳变图案相对应。在某些实施例中，使用唯一的信标码元图案来传达最高优先级信标，该信标指示与用于传达优先级信息的所有其它信标相比更高的优先级。
数据/信息1316包括接收到的信标信号部分信息(接收到的信标信号部分1信息1338，……，接收到的信标信号部分N信息1340)，传输决策信息1342，要传送的用户数据信息1344，与无线终端相关联的当前优先级1346，用户数据发射功率电平信息1348，与接收到的信标信号部分相关联的优先级信息(与接收到的信标信号部分1相关联的优先级1350，……，与接收到的信标信号部分N相关联的优先级1352)，生成的信标信号部分信息1354，以及信标信号解码信息1356。
接收到的信标信号部分1信息1338包括信标码元信息1358和优先级信息1360。优先级信息1370包括下列各项中的至少一项：设备优先级信息1362、用户优先级信息1364以及会话优先级信息1366。
接收到的信标信号部分N信息1340包括信标码元信息1368和优先级信息1370。优先级信息1360包括下列各项中的至少一项：设备优先级信息1372、用户优先级信息1374以及会话优先级信息1376。
传输决策1342是传输决策模块1322的输出，它指示是否允许WT1300发射。如果得到许可，则要传送的用户数据1344是例如W1300打算在对等通信会话中向对等设备传送的语音、其它音频数据、图像数据、文本数据、文件数据等等。
与无线终端1346相关联的当前优先级指示与WT 1300相关联的、被基于优先级的控制模块1334用于比较的当前优先级。在某些实施例中，无线终端的当前优先级可以并且有时确实随时间而改变的——例如根据会话信息和/或用户标识信息而改变。
与接收到的信标信号部分1相关联的优先级1350以及与接收到的信标信号部分N相关联的优先级1352分别对应于接收到的信标信号部分(1338，……，1340)，并且供传输决策模块1322使用。
生成的信标信号部分信息1354——例如与包括信标码元集和特意空值集的信标信号突发相对应的信息是信标信号生成模块1324的输出。
用户数据发射功率电平信息1348包含了功率电平调节信息1378，例如用于指示响应于检测到的具有较高优先级的信标信号所实施的功率减少量的信息。
信标信号解码信息1356包括信标码元位置信息1380和频调跳变图案/优先级信息1382。在处理接收到的一个或多个信标信号部分的信标码元信息——例如信息1358时，信标信号解码信息1356被信标信号信息检测模块1332用来获取该信标信号所传达的优先级信息——例如设备优先级信息1362、用户设备优先级信息1364以及会话优先级信息1366。
虽然各种实施例的方法和装置是在OFDM TDD系统的上下文中描述的，但是这些方法和装置同样适用于大量的通信系统，这其中包括众多的非OFDM系统、众多的非TDD系统和/或众多的非蜂窝系统。
在各种实施例中，这里描述的节点是使用一个或多个模块实现的，由此执行与一个或多个方法相对应的步骤，例如生成信标信号、发射信标信号、接收信标信号、扫描信标信号、从接收到的信标信号恢复信息、确定时基调整、实施时基调整、改变操作模式、启动通信会话、比较用户信标信号的优先级、确定路径损耗、从固定位置的信标发射机确定基准等等。在某些实施例中，各种特征是使用模块来实现的。这些模块可以使用软件、硬件或是软硬件组合来实现。上述方法或方法步骤中的很多方法或方法步骤可以使用机器可读介质中包含的机器可执行指令来实现，以便对机器进行控制，从而在例如一个或多个节点中实施所有或部分上述方法，其中举例来说，该机器可执行指令可以是软件，该机器可读介质可以是RAM、软盘等存储器设备，该机器可以是具有或不具有附加硬件的通用计算机。相应地，值得一提的是，不同的实施例针对的是包括用于致使诸如处理器和相关硬件等机器执行一个或多个上述方法中的一个或多个步骤的机器可执行指令的机器可读介质。
对本领域技术人员来说，根据以上描述，关于上述方法和实施例的众多附加变化都是显而易见的。这些变化全都认为处于范围以内。不同实施例的方法和步骤可以并且在不同的实施例中是与CDMA、正交频分复用(OFDM)和/或其它各种可以在接入节点与移动节点之间提供无线通信链路的通信技术一起使用。在某些实施例中，接入节点是作为使用OFDM和/或CDMA与移动节点建立通信链路的基站实现的。在各种实施例中，移动节点是作为笔记本计算机、个人数据助理(PDA)或是包含了用于实施不同实施例中的方法的接收机/发射机电路以及逻辑/例程的其它便携设备来实现的。

Claims (40)

1.一种操作无线通信设备的方法，包括：
在第一时段期间进行监视以检测第一通信频带中包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分；以及
当未在所述第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时，在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二时段与所述第一时段具有固定时间关系。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二时段距离所述第一时段的开始具有预定时间偏移量。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号是包括至少一个信标码元的第二信标信号的至少一部分。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述检测到的信标信号的部分传达标识值。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述标识值是设备标识符与用户标识符之一。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号是在所述第一通信频带中发射的。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括发射除所述第一信号之外的用户数据。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号是在所述用户数据之前发射的，所述第一数据和所述用户数据是在不重叠的时段期间发射的。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，发射所述用户数据包括将所述用户数据发射到所述第一频带中。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
监视来自所述无线通信设备正在对等基础上与其通信的另一设备的、对所述用户数据传输的响应。
12.一种无线通信设备，包括：
信标检测模块，用于检测对在第一通信频带中传达的至少一个信标码元的接收；
发射机；以及
传输控制模块，用于根据所述信标检测模块的输出来控制信号传输，当未在第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时所述传输控制模块控制所述发射机在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。
13.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二时段与所述第一时段具有固定时间关系。
14.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二时段距离所述第一时段的开始具有预定时间偏移量。
15.如权利要求12所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
信标码元生成模块；以及
其中所述第一信号包括至少一个信标码元。
16.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
信标信息检测模块，用于确定由检测到的信标信号的部分传达的标识值。
17.如权利要求16所述的设备，其特征在于，所述标识值是设备标识符与用户标识符之一。
18.如权利要求15所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
接收机，用于接收在所述第一通信频带中发射的信标信号部分；以及
控制模块，用于控制所述接收机和接收机在其中工作的频带，所述接收机和发射机被控制成在时分复用的基础上使用同一频带。
19.如权利要求18所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
用户数据传输控制模块，用于控制所述第一通信频带中除所述第一信号之外的用户数据的传输。
20.如权利要求19所述的设备，其特征在于，
所述第一信号是在所述用户数据之前发射的；以及
其中所述用户数据传输控制模块控制所述用户数据的传输发生在与所述第一信号的传输不重叠的传输时段中。
21.如权利要求20所述的设备，其特征在于，所述用户数据传输控制模块控制用户数据的传输以使得用户数据被发射到所述第一频带中。
22.如权利要求20所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
响应检测模块，用于检测来自所述无线通信设备正在对等基础上与其通信的另一设备的对所述用户数据传输的响应。
23.一种无线通信设备，包括：
用于检测信标信号的装置，用于检测对在第一通信频带中传达的至少一个信标码元的接收；
用于发射的装置；以及
用于控制所述用于发射的装置的装置，用于根据所述用于检测信标信号的装置的输出来控制信号传输，当未在第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时所述用于控制的装置控制所述用于发射的装置在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。
24.如权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二时段与所述第一时段具有固定时间关系。
25.如权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二时段距离所述第一时段的开始具有预定的时间偏移量。
26.如权利要求23所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
用于生成信标码元的装置；以及
其中所述第一信号包括至少一个信标码元。
27.如权利要求26所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括：
用于从信标信号恢复信息的装置，用于确定检测到的信标信号的部分所传达的标识值。
28.如权利要求27所述的设备，其特征在于，所述标识值是设备标识符与用户标识符之一。
29.一种包含有用于实现一种操作无线通信设备的方法的机器可执行指令的计算机可读介质，所述方法包括：
在第一时段期间进行监视以检测第一通信频带中包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分；以及
当未在所述第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时，在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。
30.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，所述第二时段与所述第一时段具有固定时间关系。
31.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，所述第二时段距离所述第一时段的开始具有预定时间偏移量，所述计算机可读介质还包括包含所述预定时间偏移量的机器可执行指令。
32.如权利要求29所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，所述第一信号是包括至少一个信标码元的第二信标信号的至少一部分。
33.如权利要求32所述的计算机可读介质，其特征在于，所述检测到的信标信号的部分传达标识值，所述计算机可读介质还包含有用于从所述检测到的信标信号的部分恢复标识值的机器可执行指令。
34.如权利要求33所述的方法，其特征在于，所述标识值是设备标识符与用户标识符之一。
35.一种装置，包括：
处理器，被配置成：
在第一时段期间进行监视以检测第一通信频带中包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号的至少一部分；以及
当未在所述第一时段期间检测到包括至少一个信标码元的信标信号部分时，在跟随所述第一时段之后的第二时段期间发射第一信号。
36.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二时段与所述第一时段具有固定时间关系。
37.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二时段距离所述第一时段的开始具有预定时间偏移量，
以及其中所述处理器被进一步配置成：
使用所述预定时间偏移量来确定所述第一信号的传输时间的开始。
38.如权利要求35所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一信号是包括至少一个信标码元的第二信标信号的至少一部分。
39.如权利要求38所述的装置，其特征在于，所述检测到的信标信号的部分传达标识值，以及
其中所述处理器被进一步配置成：
从所述检测到的信标信号的部分恢复标识值。
40.如权利要求39所述的装置，其特征在于，所述标识值是设备标识符与用户标识符之一。
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