TWI363528B - Communication methods and apparatus which may be used in the absence or presence of beacon signals - Google Patents

Communication methods and apparatus which may be used in the absence or presence of beacon signals Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI363528B
TWI363528B TW096101113A TW96101113A TWI363528B TW I363528 B TWI363528 B TW I363528B TW 096101113 A TW096101113 A TW 096101113A TW 96101113 A TW96101113 A TW 96101113A TW I363528 B TWI363528 B TW I363528B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
beacon
information
signal
priority
wireless communication
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TW096101113A
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English (en)
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TW200814798A (en
Inventor
Rajiv Laroia
Frank Lane
Junyi Li
Thomas Richardson
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Qualcomm Inc
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Publication of TW200814798A publication Critical patent/TW200814798A/zh
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Publication of TWI363528B publication Critical patent/TWI363528B/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016Time-frequency-code
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/244Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update using a network of reference devices, e.g. beaconing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602Signal structure
    • H04L27/261Details of reference signals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/20Selecting an access point
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/02Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/005Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices
    • H04W88/10Access point devices adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02Details
    • H04J3/06Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0602Systems characterised by the synchronising information used
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/04Error control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/10Connection setup
    • H04W76/14Direct-mode setup
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/02Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00Network topologies
    • H04W84/18Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Description

九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於在一無線通信系統中用於發訊之方法及設 備’且更特定而言係關於用於使用信標信號來偵測一無線 網路(例如在一認知無線電網絡)中頻譜可獲得性之方法及 設備。 【先前技術】 無線頻譜係昂貴且珍貴之資源,但大部分頻譜通常變得 無法使用。認知無線電之概念允許無線裝置發現並將就地 可獲得及可使用之頻譜進行通信。該無線裝置應能夠感測 包括其位置在内之其環境,然後能夠改變其包括功率及載 波頻率在内之通信參數,以動態地重新使用可獲得之頻 譜。認知無線電之主要技術挑戰係以一種強健且功率有效 之方式偵測頻譜之可獲得性。舉例而言,當一終端機剛剛 開機或移動至一新區域内時,該終端機可能不知曉通信參 數或甚至當前在該地理區域附近可使用之技術。該偵測方 法必須強健(例如)以抵抗包括時間及頻率不同步在内之各 種不確定性。功率效率對終端機之電池壽命具有甚大影 響,因此係無線系統中之另一重要問題。 鑒於上述論述,應理解存在對用於偵測一無線網路中可 獲得頻譜之新形且改良方法之需要。 【發明内容】 根據各種實施例,在一無線終端機開始使用一頻譜帶之 則,该無線終端機將掃描一頻譜帶以確定該頻譜帶是否可 I17858.doc 丄:
用:描步驟包括在該頻譜帶中搜索—信標信 在一實雜實施财,—信標㈣在—料帶中 :列信標信號叢發,每一信標叢發均包括一個或多個” 付破。使用一信標符號發射單元發射-信標符號。H W叢發包括-個或多個信標符號,#中信標符號之心 佔據該信標符號叢發之信標符號發射單元之-小分率,例 如S10%。在某些實例性正交分頻多卫(〇FDM)系统中,每 -化標符號均係一0FDM符號週期内之單個頻調。在某些 實:性正交分頻多工(0FDM)系統中,每一信標符號均係 y里(例如一個、兩個、三個或四個)〇FDM符號週期内之 單個頻調°在―些實施例中,-信標信號叢發包括-個或 夕個瑪調(例如一單個頻調或諸如三個或四個頻調等少量 頻調)’該等頻調用以在少量發射符號時間段(例如一個或 兩個符號發射時間段)内傳送信標符號。以一間歇(即非連 續)方式發射信標信號叢發,以使得在一第一信標信號叢
發與一第二信標信號叢發之間存在多個符號時間段。連續 之信標信號叢發可且有時確實根據一預定或擬隨機頻調跳 頻序列對該等信標符號使用不同之頻調。 根據各種實施例,可使用一信標信號載攜少量資訊。在 一實例性OFDM系統中,可將資訊包含於一既定叢發内信 標符號之頻調序列、連續叢發之間的時間間隔及/或頻調 跳頻序列中。在各種實施例中,藉由信標信號載攜之資訊 包括關於發射機之如下資訊之至少一者:識別符、類型、 優先權等級、當前發射功率值及最大功率資訊(例如發射 117858.doc 1363528 機能夠發射之最大功率)。 若無線終端機在搜索一信標信號之步驟中未偵測到任何 信標信號,則在一些實施例中,該頻譜帶可供該終端機使 用。否則,在一實施例中,不允許該無線終端機使用該頻 譜帶。 若該無線終端機確定一候選頻譜帶可供使用,則該無線 終機可開始使用該頻譜,例如發射/接收資料或控制信 號或與另一無線終端機建立點對點通信會期。在一實施例 中,該無線終端機之發射功率係該無線終端機優先權等級 或類型之一函數。 根據各種實施例之一態樣,當該無線終端機正使用該頻 譜時’該無線終端機在該頻譜帶中發射其自身之使用者信 標信號。由不同無線終端機發射之使用者信標信號可能且 有時關於該等信標信號所載攜之資訊而彼此不同。在一實 施例中,無線終端機係不同之服務優先權等級且對應於不 同之使用者信標信號。 根據各種實施例之另一態樣,當該無線終端機正使用該 頻譜時,該無線終端機收聽該頻譜並努力偵測一信標信 號,該信標信號可係由另一無線終端機發送。該無線終端 機可連續處於收聽模式(即接通時間)達數個符號週期之一 時間間隔。該接通時間後跟隨一關斷時間,在該關斷時間 期間,該終端機處於一功率節約模式且不接收任何信號 (例如關閉該等接收模組)。另一選擇係,該無線終端機可 在其正使用該頻譜時連續處於該收聽模式。 117858.doc 1363528 在一實施例中,當一第一無線终端機自一第二無線終端 機偵測到一使用者信標信號之存在時,無論是否該第—無 線終端機當前正使用該頻譜帶,該無線終端機皆需要比較 該優先權等級。若該第二無線終端機之優先權等級較高, 則該第一無線終端機認為該頻譜帶不可供使用。而且,若 該第一無線終端機當前正使用該頻譜帶,則該第一無線终 端機應停止使用該頻譜帶,以使較高優先權之使用者或服 務可在不受來自該第一無線終端機之干擾下使用該頻譜 帶。若該第二無線終端機之優先權等級為低,則該第一無 線終端機認為該頻譜帶可供使用。若該第一無線終端機尚 未使用該頻譜,則該第一無線終端機可開始發射其自身之 使用者信標信號。在一些實施例中,該第一無線終端機自 所偵測之信標信號獲得該第二無線終端機之時間及/或頻 率,然後使用該資訊確定發射其自身使用者信標信號之時 間及/或頻率。假設該第二無線終端機亦正收聽以偵測一 使用者信標信號,較佳地,該上述同步幫助該第二無線終 端機接收該第一無線終端機之使用者信標信號,以使該第 二無線終端機將停止使用該頻譜。 根據各種實施例之另一態樣,該無線終端機估計該無線 k機與該所偵測之信標信號之相應發射機之間的路徑損 耗。該估計可係且有時係基於所接收之該信標信號之功 率。若路徑損耗足夠大(例如大於一預定位举),則該無線 終端機可使用該頻譜帶。 根據各種實施例,在一地理區域中,若任一通信節點 117858.doc -9. ⑴如無線終端機或基地台)係處於—頻譜帶中之 期中,則贫Μ 貝科會 在,資料:即點需要在該頻譜帶中發射一節點信標信號》 ㈣㈣會期t,該節點可發射或接收控制 在該區域中,口戚。 播的心‘節點可共同存在,《中每一無線終端 諸如以下各種服務中之至少-者··蜂巢式電話、 等1:域環路、數位電視等,可藉由不同之技術來支援該 括根據各種實施例運作—無線通信裝置之實例性方法包 勺 第時間段期間監視以在一第一通信頻帶中偵測 匕括至^個信標符號之—信標信號之至少-部分;及當 ▲ 1第日寺間段期間未谓測到一包括至少一個信·符號之 號部分時,在繼該第—時間段之後的—第二時間段 2〗發射第一信號。根據各種實施例之一實例性無線通 七裝置包括.—信標摘測模组,其用於债測在一第一通信 頻帶中傳送之至少-個信標符號之接收;-發射機;及一 發射控制模組’其用於根據該信標摘測模組之—輸出來控 制仏號發射’當在該第一時間段期間未偵測到一包括至少 個、私符號之信標信號部分時,在繼該第一時間段後之 第—時間段期間該發射控制模組控制該發射機發射—第一 信號。 雖然已在上述發明内容中論述各種實施例,但應瞭解未 必所有實施例均包括相同之特徵且上文所述之某些特殊並 非必須但在一些實施例中可能係合意。在接下來之詳細說 明中論述諸多額外之特徵、實施例及好處。 117858.doc 【實施方式】 圖1圖解說明一 電網路100。在一 根據各種實施例構建之實例性認知無線 地理區域106中存在兩個無線終端機,即 —第一無線终端機102及一第二無線終端機1〇4。在一些實 施例中包括-(例如)包括—系統信標發射機之系統終端機 1 〇5。某些頻譜帶可供兩個終端機用於通信目的,例如點 對點通信。 在一認知無線電網路中,通常無網路基礎架構。各種所 过·之新穎方法、3又備及特徵可用於各種無線電網路中,但 尤其適用於其十基礎架構有限或無基礎架構之網路(例如 一無線終端機可能需要發現關於該網路之資訊之認知無線 電網路)中。該等無線終端機可能不具有一共用時間或頻 率參考實際上,在此一網路中,該等無線終端機需要斷 定是否一既定頻帶可供當前地理區域中之該無線終端機使 用。認知無線電之一主要概念係使一無線終端機感測其環 境並發現可獲得之頻譜。頻譜可獲得性係一環境函數。 圖2圖解說明使用信標信號控制頻譜帶在一根據各種實 施例構建之認知無線電網路中之使用的實例性方法之階梯 圖 200。 垂直轴201代表時間。在該實例性認知無線電網路中存 在三個實例性終端機WT a 202、WT B 204及WT C 206 » 假設開始該等無線終端機(2〇4, 2〇6, 2〇8)無一被開機。 首先’無線終端機A 202被開機。在無線終端機A 2〇2可 使用該頻譜帶之前’其首先掃描該頻帶以搜索是否有使用 I17858.doc 11 1363528 者信標信號(208)。由於無線終端機a 202係該區域中唯一 現用之終端機,因而其偵測不到任何使用者信標信號。因 此,無線終端機A 202確定該頻譜帶可供使用(21〇卜無線 終鈿機A 202開始使用該頻譜(212)。無線終端機a 202廣播 其使用者信標信號以顯示其存在(2丨4)。 稍後,無線終端機B 204被開機。在無線終端機B 2〇4可 使用該頻譜帶之前,其首先掃描該頻帶以搜索是否有使用 者信標信號(216)。無線終端機b 204偵測到終端機A所發 送之使用者信標信號(21 8)。此外,無線終端機b 2〇4(例 如)自所偵測之信標信號或無線終端機A之另一廣播頻道得 知無線終端機A可供用於點對點通信(22〇)。因此,無線終 知機B 204確定使用該頻譜(222)。無線終端機a及b(202, 204)設置一點對點會期(224)。由於無線終端機(2〇2,2〇4) 兩者係現用,因而其兩者皆分別廣播使用者信標信號(228 及226)。在一些實施例中,兩個無線終端機之任一者均廣 播其自身之使用者信標信號。在其他實施例中,該兩個終 端機(202, 204)均確定其會期之優先權等級並使用彼位準 來確定欲發送之使用者信標信號。舉例而言,該會期優先 權等級係任一終端機之最大優先權等級。 稍後’無線終端機C 206被開機。在無線終端機c 206可 使用該頻譜帶之前,其首先掃描該頻帶以搜索是否有使用 者信標信號(230) »無線終端機C 206偵測到無線終端機a 202及/或無線終端機B 204所發送之使用者信標信號 (232)。無線終端機C 206進一步(例如)自所偵測之信標信 117858.doc •12- 1363528 號或無線终端機A或B之另一廣播頻道得知存在一正進行 之會期(234)。無線終端機C 206亦知曉所偵測之信標信號 之優先權等級並將其與其自身之優先權等級相比較(236)。 若無線終端機C 206之優先權等級為低,則無線終端機^ 206確定該頻譜帶不可供使用(238);否則無線終端機c 2〇6 可開始發射其自身之使用者信標信號。在此一情況下,無 線終端機A及B(202,204)兩者皆將偵測到來自無線終端機 C 206之使用者信標信號,且必須停止/暫停其會期且停止 使用該頻譜。 根據各種實施例,一信標信號包括一頻譜帶中之一序列 信標信號叢發,每一信標信號叢發均包括一個或多個信標 符號。使用一信標符號發射單元來發射一信標符號。一信 標符號叢發包括少量之信標符號,其中該數量之信標符號 佔據該信標信號叢發之信標符號發射單元之一小部分。在 某些實例性OFD1V[系統中’一信標符號係一 〇FDM符號週 期内之頻調。在某些實例性〇FDM系統中,—信標符號係 ^量(例如一個、兩個、三個或四個)連續符號週期 内之頻調m施例中,—信標信號叢發包括在少量 發射符號週期(例如-個或多個符號週期)内-個或多個用 以傳送信標符號^, 之頻調(例如一單個頻調或諸如兩個、三 個或四個等少量艇綱、# # 董須調)。該荨無線發射機以一間歇(即非連 續)方式發射該等彳古炉彳士 哥乜铩彳5唬叢發使得在一第一信標信號叢 發與一第二信標作·缺豐· & 铋仏旎叢發之間存在諸多符號週期。圖3在 圖式300及350中圖解苟 秤說明一實例性OFDM系統中之實例性 117858.doc •13· 1363528 信標信號。
在圖式300中’水平軸3〇2代表時間而垂直軸则代表頻 二° ϋ攔代表—既定符號週期中該等頻調之每一者。 ^_小框306均代表—頻調符號’其係―單個發射符號週 』内之單個頻調。在圖式35〇中,水平轴352代表時間而垂 直軸烟代表頻率。一垂直欄代表在一既定符號週期内該 專頻調之每n —小框356均代表—頻調符號其係 -早個發射符號週期内之單個頻調。〇刪符號中之一最 二、發射單元係-頻調符號。在該實例性實施例中,―頻調 符號發射單元係一 QFDM頻調符號。 該信標信號包括-序列隨時間連續發射之信標信號叢 發’每—信標信號叢發均包括—個或多個信標符號。在各 種實施例中,-信標信號叢發包括在少量發射符號週期 (例如14兩個符號週期)内#送信標符號之少量頻調(例 如單個頻調)。圖3之圖式300顯示四個黑色小框(3〇8、
310 312 、 314), 該等小框之每一者均代表一信標符號。 在該示例中,一信標符號使用一個頻調符號之空中鏈路資 源。在另-實例性實施例中,-信標符號使用在兩個連續 符號週期内傳輸之頻調並使用兩個〇FDM頻調符號之空中 鏈路資源。 信標k號之該(等)信標符號頻調可因不同之叢發而改變 (跳躍)。根據各種實施例,在一些實施例中,包括該信標 信號之用於該(等)信標符號之頻調及叢發間間隔在内之頻 調跳頻型樣係發射機(例如終端機)之一函數,並可用作發 117858.doc •14- 1363528 射機之識別或發射機所從屬類型之識別或指示終端機之發 射功率或功率能力。 在一些實施例中不同之使用者信標信號在至少如下方式 之一中彼此不同:信標信號叢發之週期;一信標信號叢發 中用於信標符號之該(等)頻調;及連續之信標信號叢發中 所用之僖標符號頻調之跳躍型樣。 舉例而言’圖3顯示兩個實例性信標信號(324、374)。 假δ又第一彳s標仏號324係由一第一無線終端機發送之第一 使用者信標信號且包括信標信號叢發(316,318,32〇, 3 22)及各自之信標符號(3 〇8,310,312,314)。由一第二 無線終端機發送之第二信標信號374包括信標信號叢發 (366 ’ 368 ’ 370 ’ 372)及各自之信標符號(358,36〇, 362,364) »上部300顯示由一個無線終端機發送之一使用 者仏標栺號324,而下部350顯示由另一個無線終端機發送 之另一個使用者彳§標信號374。在該實例中,該兩個信標 乜號具有相同之週期’但不同之頻調跳頻序列。具體而 言’該實例性第一無線終端機信標信號324之頻調沿循一 第一斜坡,而該實例性第二無線終端機使用者信標信號 374之頻調沿循一第二斜坡,其中該第一斜坡大於該第二 斜坡。 在一些實施例中’實例性系統信標信號(例如來自基地 台及/岑位置固定之信標發射機之信標信號)沿循一第一斜 坡或第一組斜坡’而實例性使用者信標信號沿循一第二斜 坡或第二組斜坡’該第一斜坡不同於該第二斜坡及/或該 117858.doc •15· 1363528 第一組斜坡與該第二組斜坡不重合。 在一實例性實施例中,假設一高優先權服務(例如法律 實施或消防隊服務)及一低優先權服務(例如一般資料服務) 共用該頻譜帶。大多數時間,該高優先權服務並無任何活 動’在此期間該頻譜帶可完全由低優先權服務使用❶然 而’當該高優先權服務需要使用該頻譜時,期望低優先權 服務應停止。與低優先權服務相關聯之會期應終止。為達 到該目的,根據各種實施例,與不同之服務位準相關聯之 終端機使用不同之使用者信標信號(例如)以發訊不同之優 先權等級。 假設一實例性實施例。當該無線終端機正掃描可供使用 之頻譜帶時’或當該無線終端機已處於一使用該頻譜帶之 通信會期中時’該無線終端機應繼續搜索是否有使用者信 標信號。若該無線終端機偵測到存在一具有高於其自身優 先權之優先權的使用者信標信號時,則該無線終端機認為 該相應之頻譜帶不可供使用。該無線終端機應終止該通信 會期(若存在)且可繼續掃描另一候選頻譜帶。此導致騰出 尚優先權終端機或服務欲使用之頻譜帶。 圖4之圖式4〇〇圖解說明一根據各種實施例實施之監視信 才示h號叢發之實施例。該無線終端機收聽該頻譜帶並努力 偵測一可能由一不同無線終端機發送之使用者信標信號。 該無線終端機可連續處於收聽模式達數個符號週期之時間 間隔,此稱作接通時間。該接通時間(4〇2)後跟一關斷時間 (406) ’在此時間期間該無線終端機處於功率節約模式且不 117858.doc 1363528 接收任何信號。在該關斷時間期間,該無線終端機可&入 關閉該等接收模組》當該關斷時間406結束時,該無線终 端機重新開始該接通時間404並開始再次偵測是 巧1s孫 信號。上述程序重複。 在一些實施例中,一接通時間間隔之長度短於—關斷時 間間隔之長度。在一實施例中,一接通時間間隔小於或等 於一關斷時間間隔之1/5。在一實施例中,該等接通時門
間隔中每一者之長度相同,而該等關斷時間間隔中每—者 之長度亦相同。 在一些實施例中,一關斷時間間隔之長度取決於—第一 無線終端機用以偵測另一(第二)無線終端機之存在的延遲 要求(若在該第一無線終端機附近實際上存在該第二無線 :端機)。確定一接通時間間隔之長度以使該第一:線終 端機具有在該接通時間間隔内偵測出至少一個信標信號叢 發之大可能性。在-實施例中,該接通時間間隔之長度係
一信標信號叢發之傳輸持續時間及連續信標信號叢發:門 的持續時間中至少一者之函數。舉例而言,該接通時間二 隔之長度至少係一信標信號叢發之傳輸持續時間與連續作 標信號叢發之間的持續時間之和。 ° 圖解說明由一根據各種實施例構建之實一 i 線終端機使用之運作一無線狄诚"、、 500替μ 士 實例性方法之流程圖 鳩。該實例性方法之運作開始於步驟5〇1中” 一無線終端機開機並將其初始化,並_至㈣5Q2° 在步驟502中,該實例性第一無線終端機可藉由掃描該 117858.doc -17- 1363528 頻譜帶以搜索使用者栌碑产缺 考L標化唬而開始。然後,在步驟5〇4 中,該第一無線終端機檢查是否已债測出來自-第二無線 終端機之一使用者传芦作祿 — 標^。若回答係否,則運作自步驟 504繼續至步驟516,其中辞筮 „ , u 再t該第一無線終端機確定該頻譜可 供使用。否則,該第一曰 弟無線終端機已發現一信標信號,且 運作自步驟504繼、. 只主步驟506,在步驟506中該第一無線 終端機比較該所领測夕蚀田Ip加 * 貝及1之使用者枱標信號之優先權等級與其 自身之優先權等級。在步驟SfiRtb 斗咕 驟508中,該第一無線終端機檢 查是否該所偵測之信標具有高於其自身優先權等級之優先 權等級右回答係否’則該運作自步驟5〇8繼續至步驟 516,在步驟516中該卜無線終端機確定該頻譜可供使 用。否則,該運作自步驟508繼續至步驟51〇。在步驟51〇 中,該第-無線終端機確定自該第一無線終端機至該第二 無線終端機之路徑損耗。 在-實施例中’該信標信號載攜關於該第二無線終端機 之發射功率之資訊。然後’丨該第一無線終端機可根據該發 射功率及該第-無線終端機所接收之所量測功率來確定該 路徑損耗。在-其中該等信標信號被以相同之功率位準發 送之特殊情況下,該信標信號自身不必載攜關於該第二無 線終端機之發射功率之資訊。該第—無線終端機可根據已 知之(例如預定之信標位準)發射功率及該第一無線終端機 所接收之量測功率來確定該路徑損耗。運作自步驟51〇繼 續至步驟512。 在步驟512中,該第一無線終端機確定(例如)相對於一 117858.doc -18- 吞=之所儲存之路徑損耗位準該路徑損耗是否足夠高。若 s " J係疋,則運作自步驟512繼續至步驟516。在步驟 中該第無線終端機確定該頻譜可供使用。否則’ 運作自步驟512繼續至步驟514,纟步驟川中該第一無線 終端機確定該頻譜不可供使用。 該第無線终端機在步驟516中確定該頻譜可供使 用’該第-無線終端機可使用該頻譜來建立通信鏈路,例 如點對點通信<•運作自步驟516繼續至步驟518,其中該第 2線終端機開始使用該頻譜,包括發射其自身之使用者 k標信號。同時’該第—無線終端機將週期性地處於該接 通時間模式(例如)相對於接收機之運作,並如步驟5〇2所指 示掃描該頻譜帶以搜索是否有使用者信標信號。 通常’認知無線電網路中之終端機並不具有—該等終端 機之每一者自其中均可獲得同步資訊之共用源。根據各種 實例性實施例之-特徵,該等無線終端機使用自—專用發 射機所發射(例如-包括—信標發射機之位置固定之系統 終端機所發射)之-系統信標信號獲得之時間及/或頻率資 訊。該位置固定之系統終端機可或可不_合至其他網路節 點,且可或可不包括除發射信標信號以外之額外的無線功 能。在-些實施例中’該位置固定之系統終端機之唯一功 能係發射一系統信標信號以用作無線終端機之參考。較佳 地,該等無線終端機現在具有一共用時間及/或頻率參 考,藉此使其彼此同步。為詳細闞述,圖6之圖式6〇〇圖解 說明根據各種實施例執行之使用時間同步資訊之實例。 117858.doc -19- 1363528 水平軸601代表時間。一第二無線终端機發射其使用者 信標信號608 ’信標信號_包括一序列信標信號叢發 602、604、606等。現在,假設一第一無線終端機被開機 並偵測到彼等信標叢發。假設該第一無線終端機具有一高 於該第二終端機之優先權等級,則該第一無線終端機意欲 使用該頻譜》
該第一無線終端機預測該第二無線終端機接收機之接通 時間間隔,在此期間該第二無線終端機監視是否有其他使 用者信標信號。該預測係所偵測信標叢發6〇2、6〇4及⑼6 之估計時間之一函數。舉例而言,在圖6中,—終端機之 接通時間間隔自-時間實例開始,該時間實例距該相同無 線終端機所發送之一信標信號叢發開始具有已知之時間偏 移量612。因此,在該第一無線終端機已確定該第二無線 終端機發射機之信標叢發之時間之後,可根據該已知關係 確定該第二無線終端機接收機之時間。
左在圖6所示之實例性情形下,該第一無線終端機並不在 隨機選擇 < 時間實例處發送其使用者信標信冑,而是選擇 在該第二無線終端機正收聽(610)之時刻發射(614)。該第 二無線終端機偵測到該第一無線終端機所發送之使用者信 標信號並決定停止使用該頻譜帶,乃因其優先權等級係較 低。 /注意,在缺失上述同步至情形下,該第二無線終端機可 能花費更長之時間來偵測該第一無線終端機所發送之使用 者仏標信號。否則,該第二無線終端機可能需要保持處於 117858.doc -20· 該同步因 之方式偵 收聽模式達更長之時間間隔以減少俄測之延遲。 幫助。亥等無線終端機更迅速且以一更功 測信標信號。 ’ 二提供-根據各種實施例構建之實例性無線终端機· 之詳細圖解說明。圖7中所纟合 係—可“ 所、曰不之實例性無線終端機700 ’、用作圖1所繪示之無線終端機102及1〇4之任— =的詳細代表。在® 7之實施例中,無線終端機700包括 :由匯流排⑽合在一起之一處理器7〇4、—無線通信介 莫組730、一使用者輸入/輸出介面74〇及一記憶體川。 因此,藉由匯流排706,終端機7〇〇之各種組件可交換資 訊、信號及資料。無線終端機7〇〇之組件7〇4、7〇6、71〇、 730、740係位於一殼體7〇2内。 無線通信介面730提供一機件,藉由該機件無線終端機 7〇〇之内部組件可發送信號至外部裝置及另一終端機及自 外部裝置及另-終端機接收信號。無線通信介面73〇包括 (例如)藉由一具有一天線736之雙工器738耦合之接收機模 組732及發射機模組734,天線736用於(例如)藉由無線通信 頻道將無線終端機700耦合至其他終端機。 實例性無線終端機7〇〇亦包括藉由使用者輸入/輸出介面 740耦合至匯流排706的一使用者輸入裝置742(例如小鍵盤) 及一使用者輸出裝置744(例如顯示器)。因此,使用者輸入 裝置742及使用者輸出裝置744可藉由使用者輸入/輸出介 面740及匯流排706與無線終端機700之其他組件交換資 訊、信號及資料。使用者輸入/輸出介面740及相關聯之裝 H7858.doc 1363528 置742、744提供一使用者藉由其可運作無線終端機以 完成各種任務之機件1定而言,使用者輸人裝置%及 使用者輸出裝置744提供允許使用者控制無線終端機7〇〇及 在無線終端機700記憶體710中執行之應用程式(例如模 組、程式、常式及/或函式)之功能。 在包括於記憶體710中之各種模組(例如常式)控制下, 處理器704控制終端機700之運作來執行下文所述之發訊及 處理。包含於記憶體71〇 t之模組係在啟動時被執行或被 其他模組呼叫。當被執行時,該等模組可交換資料資訊 及信號。當被執行時’該等模組亦可共用資料及資訊。在 圖7之實例性實施例中’無線終端機7〇〇之記憶體71〇包括 一發訊/控制模組712及發訊/控制資料714。 發訊/控制模組712控制關於接收及發送信號(例如信標信 號、使用者資料信號、訊息等)之處理、狀態資訊之儲 存、掏取、處理、掃描、發射控制、優先權確定、路徑損 耗確定、裝置識別、使用者識別及頻譜可獲得性確定之管 理。發訊/控制資料714包括狀態資訊,例如參數、狀態及 與該終端機之運作相關之其他資訊。特定而言,發訊/控 制資料714包括各種組態資訊916,例如該終端機之類型之 組態資訊、優先權等級、發射功率、發射機功率能力等。 模組712可且有時確實存取及/或修改資料714,例如更新 組態資訊716。模組712亦包括:用於掃描一頻譜帶以搜索 在該頻帶中是否有系統信標信號之模組711 ;用於發射使 用者信標信號之模組713 ;用於比較不同使用者信標信號 117858.doc • 22· 1363528 之優先權等級之模組715;用於確定路徑損耗之模組717。 包括圖8A及圖8B之組合之圖8係一根據各種實施例運作 -無線通信裝置(例如諸如一行動節點等無線終端機)之實 例性方法之流程圖800之圖式。該無線通信裝置係(例如)一 可憑藉電池功率運作之可攜式無線通信裝[該無線通信 裝置係(例如)圖9之無線終端機9〇〇。 該運作開始於步驟802中,其中該無線通信裝置被開機 及初始化且繼續至步驟804。在步驟8〇4中,該等無線通信 裝置在-第-時間段期間監視以在一第一通信頻帶中偵測 一包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號之至少一部分。 該運作自步驟804繼續至步驟8〇6。在步驟8〇6中該無 線通彳§裝置基於該監視結果做出關於是否發射一第一信號 之決定,該第一信號包括一信標符號及使用者資料之至少 一者。在一些實施例中,該第一信號係一信標信號。在一 些實施例中,該使用者資料包括下列至少一者:文字資 料、音訊資料、影像資料、遊戲資料及試算表資料。 步驟806包括子步驟808、810、812、814及816。在子步 驟808中,該無線通信裝置確定是否已在步驟8〇4之監視中 4貞測到包括至少一個信標符號之一信標信號部分。若摘測 到一信標符號部分’則運作自步驟8〇8繼續至替代子步驟 810及812之一者。若未偵測到一信標符號,則運作自步驟 808繼續至步驟814 ’在步驟814中,該無線通信裝置決定 在繼該第一時間段後之一第二時間段期間不發射一信號。 在子步驟810中,該無線通信裝置決定因應該所偵測之 11785S.doc •23- 1363528 :標信號部分發射-信號。在替代子步細中,該無線 通信裝置解碼由該所偵測之信標信號部分傳送之資訊。該 自子步驟812繼續至子步驟816。在子步驟中該 無線通信裝置依據包括於該所解碼資訊中之資訊決定是否 發射該第_信號。在各種實施例中,子步驟川包括一個 或多個子步驟818及⑽在子步驟818中,該無線通信裝
置根據包括於該所解碼資訊中之類型資訊做出決定。在各 種實施:中’類型資訊指示是否允許將一第二頻帶用於點 對點通L。在-些實施例中,該類型資訊識別—被允許用 於點對點通信之第二頻帶。在子步驟82〇中,該無線通信 裝置根據包括於該該所解碼資訊中之裝置識別資訊做出決 疋。在某些該等實施例中,該裝置識別資訊識別下列至少 一者.該無線通信裝置;及一當前正使用該無線通信裝置 之一使用者。
運作自步驟806經由連接節點A 822繼續至步驟824。在 步驟824中,該無線通信裝置取決於步驟806之是否發射之 決定而不同地繼續◦若該決定係發射,則該運作自步驟 824繼續至步驟826。若該決定是不發射,則該運作自步驟 824經由連接節點b 828繼續至步驟804,在步驟804中執行 額外之監視。 在步驟826中’該無線通信裝置在一第二時間段期間發 射該第一信號之至少一部分。在一些實施例中,該第一信 號係在一與該第一通信頻帶相同之第二頻帶中發送。舉例 而言,該所接收之信標信號部分及該第一信號(例如所發 117858.doc -24- 1363528 姑之^標信號部分)可對應於—點對點通信網路令 裝置即點,且該等對等裝置節點兩者可使用相同 進料用者信標發訊。在某些其他實施例中’該第_ = :’在^不同於該第一通信頻帶之第二頻帶中通信。舉例: « »亥所接收之信標信號部分可係、使用—通信 地t或固定之信標信號發射機傳送,該通信頻帶不同於二 通仏褒置將其使用者信標發訊至之頻帶。在某些該等實施 2 ’該第-及第二通信頻帶在該頻域中係分離及脫離。 =各種實施例中,㈣—及第二通信頻帶係不同大小之頻 在-些實施例中,步驟826包括子步驟83〇,在步驟請 中,該無線通信裝置發射至少—個信標符號。舉例而言, 個信標符號係一信標叢發中_單個信標符號或少 里w如該信標符號佔據小於該信標叢發中該等 信標符號發射單元之10〇/〇。 該運作自步驟826繼續至步驟832及834之—。在步驟832 中,該無線通信装置(例如)在一第三時間段期間將使用者 資料發射至-第三通信頻帶’該第三時間段在該第二時間 後♦例而5,在該第二時間段期間,該無線通信裝 置發射包括至少一個信標符號之第一信號之至少一部分以 (例如)識別其存在,且在該第三時間段期間,該無線通信 裝置將使用者資料發射至—料裝置。在各種實施例中, 該第―頻帶與該第二頻帶相同。舉例而言,該無線通信裝 置可將用於點對點通信之使用者信標信號及使用者資料兩 117858.doc •25- 者發射至相同頻帶。在某此 同於,裳、系-其他實施例中,該第二頻帶不 f於使用者信標信號及使用 者貧枓彳5旒可存在不同之頻帶。 運作自步驟832繼續至步㈣4。在步驟834中,該益線 通信裝置在—第四時間段期間監視以侦測來自另-無線通 心裝置(例如來自—點對點通信網路中_對等裝幻之一額 外信標信號之至少一部分。步驟咖在一些實施例中包括 子步驟836。在子步驟836中,該無線通信裝置監視-不同 於該第-頻帶之第二頻帶是否有一額外信標信號之至少— 部分。 圖9係根據各種實施例構建之一實例性無線終端機 900(例如行動節點)之圖式。實例性無線終端機9⑽可係圖1 系統100之實例性無線終端機(102 ’ 1〇4)之任一者。 實例性無線終端機900包括藉由一匯流排912耦合在一起 之接收機模組902、一發射機模組904、一處理器906、使 用者I/O裝置908及記憶體910,藉由匯流排912各種元件可 交換資料及資訊。記憶體910包括常式914及資料/資訊 916。處理器906(例如CPU)執行常式914並使用記憶體91〇 中之資料/資訊916以控制無線终端機900之運作及執行方 法0 接收機模組902(例如一 OFDM接收機)係耦合至接收天線 903,該無線終端機藉由天線903自其他無線通信裝置(例 如其他無線終端機及/或系統終端機(例如基地台及/或位置 固定之信標發射機))接收信號。所接收之信號包括(例如) 117858.doc -26- 1363528 來自無線终端機之信標信號、來自系統節點之信標信號及 來自無線终端機之交換信號及使用者資料信號(例如在點 對點通信中)。 發射機模組904(例如一 0FDM發射機)係耦合至發射天線 905,藉由發射天線9〇5該無線终端機9〇〇將信號發射至其 他無線通信裝置,例如對等裝置節點。在一些實施例中, 接收機模組902及發射機模組9〇4係使用相同之天線,例如 對於接收機模組902與發射機模組9〇4藉由一雙工器模組耦 合至該天線之情況。發射機模組9〇4所發射之信號包括(例 如)諸如包括至少一個信標符號之一信標信號或信標信號 部分之第一信號。發射機模組9〇4所發射之其他信號包括 點對點通信會期建立信號及使用者資料信號。 使用者I/O裝置908包括(例如)麥克風、小鍵盤鍵盤、 照相機、揚聲器、顯示器等。使用者1/〇裝置9〇8允許無線 終端機900之一使用者輸入資料/資訊、存取輸出資料/資 訊,並控制無線終端機900之至少某些功能。 常式914包括通信常式91 8及無線終端機控制常式。 通信常式918執行該無線終端機所用之各種通信協定。無 線終端機控制常式920包括一信標偵測模組922、一基於信 標決定之模組924、一信標發訊解碼模組926、一信標信號 產生模組928、-控制模組93〇及—無線終端機信標福測模 組 932 » 信標偵測模組922偵測在一第一通信頻帶中傳送之—個 或多個信標符號之接收。基於信標決定之模組924依據信 117858.doc -27- 1363528 標摘測模組922之一輸出決定是否發射一第一信號,該輸 出係與是否在一時間段期間已偵測到一信標符號相關,該 第一信號包括一信標符號及使用者資料之至少一者。信標 發訊解碼模組926解碼由一所偵測之信標符號部分所傳送 之資訊,至少一個所偵測之信標符號係該所偵測之信標信 號部分之一部分。在一些實施例中,基於信標決定之模組 924依據該信標信號解碼模組所執行之解碼產生之經解碼 資訊做出是否發射一第一信號之決定。在一些實施例中, 當該信標偵測模組未在該第一時間段期間偵測到包括一信 標符號之一信標信號之至少一部分時,基於信標決定之模 組924做出不在繼一第一時間段後之一第二時間段期間發 射一彳§號之決定。在一些實施例中’基於信標決定之模組 924依據包括於該所解碼資訊中之類型資訊做出是否發射 一#號之決定’該類型資訊指示允許將一第二頻帶用於點 對點通信。在一些實施例中,基於信標決定之模組924依 據包括於該所解碼資訊中之裝置資訊做出是否發射一信號 之決定。 信標信號產生模組928產生信標信號,該所產生之信標 信號傳送一用於識別下列至少一者之信標符號:i}該無線 通信裝置;及ii) 一當前正使用該無線通信裝置之使用者。 控制模組930控制接收機及發射機運作之頻帶。控制模組 930包括一使用者資料發射控制模組93 1。在一些實施例 中,控制接收機及發射機在一分時多工基礎上使用相同頻 帶。在一些實施例中,控制接收機使用一第一通信頻帶且 -2S- 117858.doc 1363528 控制發射機使用-第二通信頻帶,該第—及第二通信頻帶 係不同之頻帶。在一些實施例中,該第一及第二通信頻帶 在頻域中分離且麟,但具有—預定之關係。在某些該等 實施例中,該第-及第二通信頻帶係不同大小之頻帶。 在-第二時間段期間’使用者資料發射控制模組931控 制將使用者f料發m三通信頻帶。在一些實施例 中,該第一時間段繼一第二時間段之後,該第二時間段係 一於此期間發射該第一信號之至少一部分之時間段,該第 一仏號包括至少一個信標符號。在一些實施例中,該第三 通信頻帶係與該第二通信頻帶相同。在一些實施例中,該 第二通信頻帶不同於該第二通信頻帶。 無線終端機信標偵測模組932在一第四時間段期間偵測 來自其他無線通信裝置之信標符號,該第四時間段之至少 一部分係不同於信標偵測模組922在期間運作之時間段。 其他無線通信裝置係(例如)一點對點通信網路中之對等裝 置節點。在一些實施例中,無線終端機信標偵測模組932 監視一第二通信頻帶’該第二通信頻帶係一不同於該第一 通信頻帶之頻帶。 資料’資訊916包括所偵測之信標信號資訊934、自所解 碼之信標信號部分恢復之資訊(自一對應於一第一個信標 信號之經解碼信標信號部分恢復之資訊936,自一對應 於第Ν'個彳g標彳§號之經解碼信標信號部分恢復之資訊 938)、發射決定資訊940、裝置識別資訊950、使用者識別 資訊952 '第一信號資訊954、當前時間段資訊960、接收 117858.doc -29- 機頻帶選擇資訊962、發射機頻帶選擇資訊964、點對點網 路通信會期資訊966及系統資料/資訊968。 自-對應於H信標信號之經解碼信標信號部分恢 復之-貝訊936纟些實施例中包括類型資訊942及識別資訊 944中之一者或多纟。類型資訊942係(例如)頻帶類型指派 資訊。類型資訊942可且有時確實指示將該頻帶類型指派 用於點對點通信。識別資訊944係(例如)裝置識別資訊及/ 或使用者識別資訊。 自-對應於-第N個信標信t之經解碼信標信號部分恢 復之資訊938在一些實施例十包括類型資訊946及識別資訊 948中之一者或多者。類型資訊946係(例如)頻帶類型指派 資訊。識別資訊948係(例如)裝置識別資訊及/或使用者識 別資訊。 第一信號資訊956在一些實施例中包括信標符號資訊956 及使用者資料958之一者或多者。信標符號資訊956包括 (例如)識別該信標發射單元之資訊,該信標發射單元用於 傳送(例如)包括於該第一信號中該信標信號之信標叢發内 之信標符號、頻調跳頻型樣資訊及/或對應於該等信標符 號之時間資訊。使用者資料958包括諸如第一信號之語音 資料、其他類型之音訊資料、影像資料、文字資料、檔案 資料等’例如對應於該第一信號之資料符號之資料資訊。 系統資料/資訊9 6 8包括時間/頻率結構資訊9 7 〇、信標解 瑪資訊976、決定標準資訊978及信標編碼資訊98〇。時間/ 頻率結構資訊970包括頻帶資訊972及時間段資訊974。頻 117858.doc -30- 1363528 帶育訊972包括識別複數個 跋樁祛田兮次 两咿之貝訊,有時無線終 鳊機使用該資訊。頻帶資訊372亦包括 相關之資訊。在一此實施 。標仏唬與頻帶 认斑 實施例中,不同之頻帶用於不同之目 的。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,— ^ σ 個頻帶用於信標發 訊,而另—個頻帶用於使用者資料發訊。在—些實施例 中’至少某些頻帶係用於多個目的,你丨&杜 列如使用者資料信標
發訊及無線終端機信標發訊。在—些實施例中,相同之頻 帶在不同之時間用於不同之目的,例如通常藉由—基地台 二於無線通信之頻帶在—些實施财有時心點對點通 b時間段資訊974包括(例如)當該無線終端機應接收信標 信號、發射信標信號及將使用者資料信號傳送至一對等裝 置節點時在一時間結構中識別之資訊。 (例如)當處理信標符號資訊934時信標符號解碼模組926 使用信標解碼資訊976(例如將各種潛在偵測之信標信號映 射至恢復資訊之資訊,例如頻帶類型指派資訊、裝置ID資 訊、使用者ID資訊、及/或優先權等級資訊)來恢復資訊 (936,...938)。 圖1 〇係根據各種實施例運作一無線通信裝置之一實例性 方法之流程圖1000之圖式。該無線通信裝置係(例如)一諸 如一可使用電池電源運作之一行動節點之可攜式無線終端 機。該無線通彳s裝置係圖11之無線終端機1100。該運作開 始於步驟1002中,其中該無線通信裝置被開機且被初始 化。該運作自開始步驟1002繼續至步驟1〇〇4 ^在步驟1〇〇4 中’該無線通信裝置在一第一時間段期間監視以在一第一 117858.doc -31 - 1363528 通:頻帶中该測包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號之至少 在—些實施例中’ 一信標信號部分傳送-識別 U = 了,該識別值可係—裝置識別符及-使用者識 然後’在步驟_中’該運作取決於Μ已在步驟峨 中摘測到-包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號之一部分而 不同地繼續。若偵測到一信標信號部分,則運作在另一第
一時間段期間自步驟1006繼續至步驟1〇〇4以進行監視。然 而,若未偵測到一信標信號,則運作自步驟1〇〇6繼續至步 驟 1008。
在步驟1008中,該通信裝置在繼該第一時間段後之一第 二時間段期間發射一第一信號,例如包括至少一個信標符 號之第二信標信號之至少一部分。在一些實施例中,將該 第一仏號傳輸至該第一通信頻帶。在一些實施例中,該第 二時間段與該第一時間段具有一固定時間關係。在不同之 實施例中,該第二時間段距該第一時間段之開始具有一預 定時間偏移量。 然後,在步驟1010中’該無線通信裝置發射使用者資 料。在一些實施例中,在非重疊時間段期間在該使用者資 料發射之前發射該第一信號。在不同之實施例中,該使用 者資料亦在該第一通信頻帶中發射。運作自步驟1010繼續 至步驟1012。在步驟1012中,該無線通信裝置監視是否有 來自另一在一點對點基礎上與該無線通信裝置通信之裝置 對該使用者資料發射之響應。 117858.doc -32- 1363528 圖11係根據各種實施例構建之一實例性無線終端機 11 〇〇(例如行動節點)之圖式。實例性無線終端機丨丨00可係 圖1系統100之實例性無線終端機(102,104)之任一者。 實例性無線終端機1100包括藉由一匯流排1112耦合在一 起之接收機模組1102、一發射機模組1104、一處理器 1106、使用者I/O裝置1108及記憶體1110,藉由匯流排1112 各種元件可交換資料及資訊。記憶體1110包括常式1114及 資料/資訊1116。處理器1106(例如CPU)執行常式1114並使 用s己憶體1110中之資料/資訊1116以控制無線終端機11〇〇之 運作及孰行方法。 接收機模組1102(例如一 OFDM接收機)係輕合至接收天 線1103 ’該無線終端機1100藉由天線11〇3自其他無線通信 裝置接收信號。接收機模組1102接收(例如)在一第一通信 頻帶中發射之信標信號部分》接收機模組11〇2亦自對等裝 置接收會期建立信號及使用者資料信號作為點對點通信會 期之一部分》 發射機模組11 〇4(例如一 〇fdm發射機)係耦合至發射天 線1105,藉由發射天線11〇5該無線終端機11〇〇將信號發射 至其他無線通信裝置,例如對等裝置節點。在一些實施例 中,接收機模組11 〇2及發射機模組丨丨〇4係使用相同之天 線,例如在藉助雙工模組連接之情況下。該等發射信號包 括佗私t號、作為點對點通信會期之一部分的通信會期建 立信號及使用者資料信號。 使用者I/O裝置1108包括(例如)麥克風、小鍵盤' 鍵盤、 117858.doc -33- 照相機、揚聲器、顯示器等。使用者1/0裝置1108允許無 線終端機1100之一使用者輸入資料/資訊、存取輸出資料/ 資訊,及控制無線終端機1100之至少某些功能,例如努力 建立一點對點通信會期。 常式1114包括通信常式1118及無線終端機控制常式 1120〇通信常式1118執行無線終端機11〇〇所用之各種通信 協定。無線終端機控制常式丨12〇包括一信標偵測模組 1122、一發射控制模組1124、一第一信號(例如信標信號 部分)產生模組1126、一信標符號產生模組1127、_信標 資訊偵測模組1128、一頻帶控制模組1130、一使用者資料 發射控制模組1132及一響應偵測模組1134。 信標偵測模組1122偵測在一第一通信頻帶中傳送之信標 符號之接收。發射控制模組丨124根據該信標偵測模組丨122 之一輸出控制信號發射。當在該第一時間段期間未债測到 一包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號部分時,在繼一第一 時間段後之一第二時間段期間發射控制模組丨124控制發射 機模組1104發射一第一信號。在一些實施例中,該第二時 間段與該第一時間段具有一固定之時間關係,例如相對於 該第一時間段之開始之一預定時間偏移量。 第一信號產生模組1126產生第一信號。舉例而言,一實 例性第一信號係一信標信號部分,例如一包括至少一個信 標符號之信標信號叢發。信標符號產生模組丨127產生信標 符號,例如包括於所產生之信標符號部分中之信標符號。 舉例而言,一信標符號相對於來自該無線終端機所預期之 117858.doc -34- 1363528 發射之資料符號係一相對高功率符號,從而便於容易地偵 測。舉例而言,一信標符號與一資料符號之間的平均發射 功率差在一些實施例中係至少i 0 dB。在一些實施例中, 所產生之信標符號之每一者均具有相同之發射功率位準。 在一些實施例中’每一所產生之信標符號均具有相同之相 位’而所產生之資料符號可能且通常確實具有不同之相 位’例如作為QPSK、QAM16、QAM256等星座圖 (constellation)之一部分。 仏h負訊偵測模組112 8確定一由一信標信號之一所债測 σΡ刀傳送之一識別值》該識別值係(例如)一裝置識別符及 一使用者識別符之一者。 頻帶控制模組1130控制接收機模組1102及發射機模組 11 04運作所在之頻帶。在一些實施例中,控制接收機模組 1102及發射機模組11 〇4在一分時多工基礎上使用相同之頻 帶(例如相對於一點對點通信會期)。 使用者資料發射控制模組1132控制除在該第一通信頻帶 中之該第一信號之外的使用者資料之發射。在一些實施例 中該第一 k號係在該使用者資料之前發射,且使用者資 料發射控制模組1132控制該使用者資料之發射在一不與該 第一信號發射重疊之發射時間段内發生。在各種實施例 中,使用者資料發射控制模組1132控制使用者資料之發 射,以將該使用者資料發射至該第一頻帶,例如與該無線 終端機將其信標信號發射至之相同的頻帶。 響應偵測模組1134自另一個與該無線終端機裝置在—點 117858.doc -35- 1363528 對點基礎上通信之裝置偵測到對該使用者資料發射之響 應。該響應係(例如)來自對等裝置節點之使用者資料及/或 控制資訊。控制資訊係(例如)交換資訊、會期建立資訊、 會期結束資訊、會期保持資訊、功率控制資訊、時間控制 資訊、頻帶資訊等》. 資料/資訊1116包括接收機頻帶選擇資訊1136、當前時 間資訊1138、發射機頻帶選擇資訊丨丨4〇、信標偵測/偵測 失敗標諸1142、所偵測之信標信號資訊丨144、所偵測之信 標信號部分識別資訊1146、裝置識別資訊1148、使用者識 別資訊11 50、所產生之第一信號資訊(例如所產生之信標 信號資訊)1152、欲發射之使用者資料U54、所偵測之來 自一對等裝置之響應資訊1156、及系統資料/資訊1158。 接收機頻帶選擇1136及發射機頻帶選擇1140係頻帶選擇 模組1130之輸出並由該無線終端機用以控制接收機模組 1102及發射機模組11〇4之調諧。發射控制模組1124使用來 自信標偵測模組1122之信標偵測/偵測失敗標誌1142(例如 一單個位元輸出)根據該系統信標發訊規則做出信標發射 決定。 所偵測之信標信號資訊1144包括由信標信號偵測模組 1122恢復對應於一所偵測信標信號之資訊(例如)一組傳送 信標符號之經識別之信標發射單元、信標符號之一型樣、 一與該所偵測之信標符號相關聯之斜坡等^所偵測之信標 信號部分識別資訊1146係信標資訊偵測模組1128之輸出且 係(例如)識別所偵測信標信號之源的裝置識別符或使用者 117858.doc -36 - 1363528 識別符。 所產生之第一 L喊資訊(例如)所產生之信標信 1152對應於第一作號 。貝訊 彳°唬產生模組1126所產生之第—信號,且 包括(例如)界定一信標信號叢發之資訊,其包括㈤: 標符號頻調識別資訊、空頻調識別資訊、信標叢發持料 間資訊及信標叢發時間資訊^ 欲發射之使用者資料1154包括在使用者資料發射控制模 組1132控制下(例如)在合適之時間(例如在—使用者資料間 隔期間)在一經構建之時間結構中一欲被通信之對等裝置 所期望之(例如)語音' 其他音訊資料、影像資料、文字及/ 或檔案資料。自對等裝置1156所偵測之響應資訊係自響應 偵測模組1134之一輸出。 系統資料/資訊1158包括時間/頻率結構資訊116〇、信標 編碼資訊1168及信標解碼資訊117〇。時間/頻率結構資訊 1160包括頻帶資訊1162、時間段資訊ι164及時間段關係資 訊1166 。 圖12係根據各種實施例運作一無線通信裝置之一實例性 方法之流程圖1200之圖式。該無線通信裝置係(例如)一諸 如一可使用電池電源運作之一行動節點之可攜式無線終端 機。該無線通信裝置係(例如)圖13之無線終端機1300。該 運作開始於步驟1202中,其中該無線通信裝置被開機且被 初始化,並繼續至步驟1204。在步驟1204中,該無線通信 裝置自另一通信裝置接收包括至少一個信標符號之信標信 號之至少一部分。運作自步驟1204繼續至步驟1206。在步 117858.doc -37· 1363528 驟^06中,豸無線通信#置依據該所接收之信標信號部分 所傳送之優先權資訊做出信號發射決^。該優先權資訊指 示(例如)一裝置優先權、使用者優先權及會期優先權中之 一者0
優先權資訊可係且有時係使用該信標信號部分中所包括 之複數個信標符號來編碼。在某些該等實施例中,至少部 分地藉由-組用以傳送該信標信號部分之信標符號發射單 兀内信標符號的位置來編碼優先權資訊。在一些實施例 产中,至少部|地依據一組用㈣射該信標信號冑分之信標 符號發射單几之信標符號位置之改變來編碼優先權資訊。 在某些該等實施例令’—組信標符號發射單元中之該等信 標符號發射單元對應於一對應於欲傳送之優先權等級之預 定頻調跳頻型樣。在不同之實施例中,使用一唯一之信標 符號型樣來傳送一最高優先權信標’該最高優先權信標指
不一高於用以傳送優先權資訊之所有其他信標之優先權。 在-些實施例中,做出一發射決定包括當該優先權資訊 指示一較與該無線通信裝置相關聯之優先權為高之優先權 時決定不發射使用者資料。在―些實施例中n發射 決定包括當該優先權資訊指示一較與該無線通信裝置相關 聯之優先權為低之優先權時決定發射使用者資料。 做出發射決定可且有時確f包括決定以一發射功率位準 發射使用者資料,根據該所接收信標信號部分之所接收優 先權等級及所接收之功率位準來確定該發射功率位準。在 一些實施例中 當所接收之信標信號部分指示一高於一由 117858.doc -38- 1363528 先則所接收之用以控制發射功率之信標信號部分指示之優 先權等級之優先權等級時,該無線通信裝置之發射功率位 準降低。在一些實施例中,當所接收之信標信號部分指示 一較先前所接收之用以控制發射功率之信標信號部分所指 不之優先權等級為低之優先權等級時,該無線通信裝置之 發射功率位準降低。 然後,在步驟1208中,運作取決於步驟12〇6之信號發射 決定而不同地繼續。若該信號發射決定指示應發射使用者 資料,則運作自步驟1208繼續至步驟121〇 ^若該信號發射 決定指示應不發射使用者資料,則運作自步驟12〇8繼續至 步驟1204,其中該無線通信裝置運作以接收另一個包括至 少一個信標符號之一信標信號之至少一部分。 在步驟121〇t,該無線通信裝置運作以發射一信標符號 之至少一部分,例如一信標信號叢發或複數個信標信號叢 發。在各種實施例中,一信標信號之所發射部分識別下列 至少一者:該無線通信裝置;及一正使用該無線通信裝置 發射使用者貝料之-使用者。在—些實施例中該所發射 信標信號部分傳送對應於該無線通信裝置之優先權資訊。 運作自步驟1210繼續至步驟1212 ^在步驟1212中該無線 通L裝置發射使用者資料。運作自步驟1212繼續至步驟 1214 » 在步驟1214中,該無線通信裝置監視是否有包括至少一 個信標符號之額外之信號部分,例如該額外之信號部分係 -信標符號之-部分,該信標符號之—部分傳送一高於該 H785S.doc -39- 與該無線通信裝置相關聯之優先權的優先權。運作自步驟 1214繼續至步驟1216。在步驟1216中,該無線通信裝置確 定疋否已在一預定時間段期間接收到該額外之部分。 若確定未接收到該額外部分,則運作自步驟1216繼續至 步驟1218,在步驟1218中,該無線通信裝置發射一信號。 運作自步驟1218繼續至步驟1214,以便額外地監視另一個 預定時間段。 返回至步驟1216,若確定未接收到該額外部分,則運作 自步驟1216繼續至步驟1204,在步驟1204中該無線通信裝 置運作以接收另一個包括至少一個信標符號之一信標符號 之至少一部分。 圖13係根據各種實施例構建之一實例性無線终端機 1300(例如行動節點)之圖式。實例性無線終端機13〇〇可係 圖1系統1 00之實例性無線終端機(丨02,i 04)之任一者。 實例性無線終端機1300包括藉由一匯流排1312耦合在一 起之接收機模組1302、一發射機模組1304、一處理器 13.06、使用者1/0裝置13〇8及記憶體131〇,藉由匯流排 13 12各種元件可交換資料及資訊。記憶體13 10包括常式 ^^及資料/資訊^^處理器^❹“例如^奶執行常式 1314並使用記憶體131〇中之資料/資訊1316以控制無線終 端機1300之運作及執行方法。 接收機模組1302(例如一 OFDM接收機)係耦合至接收天 線1303,該無線終端機藉由天線13〇3自其他無線通信裝置 接收信號。接收機模組1302自其他通信裝置接收信號,該 117858.doc -40· 1363528 信號包括包括至少一個信標符號之一信標信號之至少一部 分。所接收之信號包括來自對等裝置節點之信標信號及使 用者資料信號。 發射機模組1304(例如一 0Fdm發射機)係耦合至發射天 線1305,藉由發射天線1305該無線終端機將信號發射至其 他無線通信裝置,例如對等裝置節點。在一些實施例中, 接收機模組1302及發射機模組13〇4係使用相同之天線,例 如在藉助一雙工器模組連接之情況下。發射機模組13〇4根 據信號發射決定模組1322之決定發射包括信標信號部分及 使用者資料之信號。在各種實施例中,一包括至少一個信 標符號之信標信號之所發射部分識別如下之至少一者: 肩無線通彳§裝置1300 ;及ii)一正使用無線終端機13〇〇發射 使用者資料之使用者。 使用者I/O裝置1308包括(例如)麥克風、小鍵盤、鍵盤、 開關、照相機、揚聲器、顯示器等。使用者1/〇裝置13〇8 允許無線終端機1300之一使用者輸入資料/資訊、存取輸 出資料/資訊’並控制無線終端機13〇〇之至少某些功能, 例如努力建立一點對點通信會期。 常式1314包括通信常式1318及無線終端機控制常式 1320。通信常式丨318執行無線終端機13〇〇所用之各種通信 協定。無線終端,控制常式1320包括一發射決定模組 1322、一信標信號產生模組1324、一監視模組1326、一控 制模組1328、一發射功率控制模組133〇及一信標信號資訊 偵測模組1332。 H7858.doc •41- 1363528 發射決定模組1322依據該所接收之信標信號部分所傳送 之優先權資訊做出一信號發射決定。該優先權資訊指示 (例如)一裝置優先權、使用者優先權及會期優先權中之一 者。發射決定模組1322包括一基於優先權之控制模組 1334。當該所接收之優先權資訊指示一高於一與無線终端 機1300相關聯之優先權之優先權時基於優先權之控制模組 1334防止使用者資料之發射。在各種實施例中,當所接吹 之優先權資訊指示一低於一與無線通信終端機丨3〇〇相關聯 之優先權之優先權時基於優先權之控制模組1334啟用決使 用者資料發射。 信標信號產生模組1324產生信標信號部分,一產生之信 標k號部分包括至少一個信標符號。某些信標信號部分稱 作一信標叢發信號。 繼發射決定模組1322做出一信號發射決定之後,控制模 組1328控制監視模組1326以監視是否有一額外之包括至少 一個信標符號之信標信號部分。在一些實施例中,若在一 預疋時間&内未接收到一傳送一高於與無線終端機丨3 〇〇相 關聯之優先權之優先權的額外信標信號部分,則發射決定 模组13 2 2做出發射一信號之決定。 發射功率控制模組Π30根據所接收之信標信號部分之所 接收優先權等級及一所接收之功率位準之至少一者來控制 一使用者資料發射功率位準。發射功率控制模組133〇包括 一發射功率降低模組1336。當所接收之信標信號部分指示 一高於-由用以㈣發射功率之先前所接收之信標信號部 117858.doc -42- 1363528 分指示之優先權等級之優先權時,發射功率降低模組1336 降低該發射功率位準。 信標信號資訊偵測模組丨332自一組包括於一所接收信標 信號部分中之信標符號確定優先權資訊,該優先權資訊係 編碼在複數個信標符號上。在一些實施例中,至少部分地 藉由一組用以發射一信標信號部分之信標符號發射單元内 信標符號的位置來編碼優先權資訊。在各種實施例中,至 少部分地依據一組用以發射一信標信號部分之信標符號發 射單元内信標符號位置之改變來編碼優先權資訊。在一些 實施例中’至少部分地依據一組用以在一包括多個信標符 號發射時間段之時間段内發射一信標信號部分之信標符號 發射單元内信標符號位置之改變來編碼優先權資訊。在各 種實施例中,一組信標符號發射單元中該等信標符號位置 對應於一對應於欲通信之優先權等級之預定頻調跳頻型 樣。在一些實施例中,使用一唯一信標符號型樣來傳送一 最高優先權,該最高優先權指示一高於用以傳送優先權資 訊之所有其他信標之優先權。 資料/資訊13 16包括所接收之信標信號部分資訊(所接收 之信標信號部分1資訊1338、…所接收之信標信號部分N資 訊1340)、發射決定資訊1342、欲發射之使用者資料 1344、與無線終端機相關聯之當前優先權丨346、使用者資 料發射功率位準資訊1348、與所接收之信標信號部分相關 聯之優先權等級資訊(與所接收之信標信號部分丨相關聯之 優先權資訊1350、…與所接收之信標信號部分]^相關聯之 117858.doc •43· 1363528 優先權1352)、所產生之信標信號部分資訊1354及信標信 號解瑪資訊1 356。 所接收之信標信號部分1之資訊丨338包括信標符號資訊 1358及優先權資訊1360 »優先權資訊1370包括如下之至少 者·裝置優先權資訊1362、使用者優先權資訊1364、及 會期優先權資訊1366。 所接收之信標信號部分N資訊1340包括信標符號資訊 1368及優先權資訊1370。優先權資訊136〇包括如下之至少 一者:裝置優先權資訊1372、使用者優先權資訊1374、及 會期優先權資訊1376。 發射決定1342係發射決定模組1322之一輸出,指示是否 允許WT 1300發射。欲發射之使用者資料丨344係在一點對 點通信會期中WT 1300期望發射至一對等裝置之(例如)語 音、其他語音資料、影像資料、文字資料、檔案資料等 (若被授權)。 與無線終端機1346相關聯之當前優先權指示與WT 1300 相關聯之當前優先權等級供基於優先權之控制模組1334進 行比較。在一些實施例中,一無線終端機之當前優先權可 且有時確實隨時間變化,(例如)根據會期資訊及/或使用者 識別資訊而變化。 與所接收之信標信號部分1相關聯之優先權1350及與所 接收之信標信號部分N相關聯之優先權1352分別對應於所 接收之信標信號部分(1338、…1340),且由發射決定模組 1322使用。 117858.doc • 44· 1363528 所產生之信標信號部分資訊丨354(例如對應於一包括一 組信標符號及一組意向零之信標信號叢發之資訊)係信標 信號產生模組1324之輸出。 使用者資料發射功率位準資訊1348包括功率位準調整資 訊1378,例如指示因應一所偵測之具更高優先權之信標信 號構建之功率減少量之資訊。 信標信號解碼資訊1356包括信標符號位置資訊138〇及頻 調跳頻型樣/優先權等級資訊1382。當處理一個或多個所 接收之t “彳s號之信標符號資訊(例如資訊1358)時信標 信號資訊偵測模組1332使用信標信號解碼資訊1356來獲得 該信標信號所傳送之優先權資訊,例如裝置優先權資訊 1362、使用者裝置優先權資訊1364及會期優先權資訊1366 之一者或多者。 雖然係在OFDM TDD系統之背景下描述,但各種實施例 之方法及设備適用於包括諸多非〇fdm、諸多非TDD系統 及/或諸多非蜂巢式行動系統在内之寬範圍通信系統。 在各種實施例中,本文所述之節點係使用一個或多個模 組構建用以執行對應於一個或多個方法之步驟,舉例而 S .產生一彳5標彳g號、發射一信標信號、接收信標信號、 掃描是否有信標信號、自所接收之信標信號恢復資訊、確 定一時間調整、構建一時間調整、改變運作模式、初始化 一通信會期、比較使用者信標信號之優先權等級、確定路 徑損耗、根據一位置固定之信標發射機確定一參考等。 在 一些實施例中,使用模組來執行各種特徵。可使用軟體、 117858.doc -45- 1363528 硬體或軟體及硬體之一組人 ,,且。來構建該等模組。上述 方法步騾中之諸多可使用白扛认 缶x 薄可靖㈣, 肖包括於-諸如-記憶體裝置等機 讀媒體(例如RAM、軟磁碟等)中之機器可執行指令(例 如軟體)來執行以控制一機器(例如具有或不具有額外硬體 之通用電腦)(例如)在-個或多個節點中執行上述方法之所 有或。「刀。因此,其中,各種實施例係關於-種包 可執订#曰令之機器可讀媒體,其用於使一機器⑼如處理 器及相關聯之硬體)執行上述方法之-個或多個步驟。 由於上述說明彼等熟習此項技術者將明瞭對上述方法及 ,備之諸多額外之變化形式。該等變化形式被認為係介於 範嘴内。各種實施例之方法及設備可係且在各種實施例中 係與CDMA、正交分頻多工(〇FDM)及/或可用於在存取節 點與行動節點之間提供無線通信鏈路之各種其他類型之通 信技術-起使用。在一些實施例中,該等存取節點係作為 使用OFDM及/或CDMA與行動節點建立通信鏈路之基地台 構建。在各種實施例中,該等行動節點係作為包括用於執 行各種實施例之方法的接收機/發射機電路及邏輯及/或常 式之筆記型電腦、個人資料助理(PDA)或其他可攜式裝置 來構建。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1圖解說明一根據各種實施例在一地理區域中構建之 實例性認知無線電網路。 圖2圖解說明使用信標信號控制頻譜帶在一根據各種實 施例構建之認知無線電網路中之使用的實例性方法之階梯 117858.doc -46- 1363528 圖。 圖3圖解說明根據各種實施例構建之不同實例性信標信 號,例如系統及/或使用者信標信號。 圖4圖解說明利用根據各種實施例構建之時間同步資訊 之實例。 圖5係一根據各種實施例構建之實例性無線終端機所使 用方法之流程圖。 圖6圖解說明一根據一預測信標監視間隔來監視信標信 號叢發並傳輸一信標叢發之實施例。 圖7係一根據各種實施例構建之實例性無線終端機之詳 細圖解說明。 包括圖8A及圖8B之組合之圖8係一根據各種實施例運作 一無線通信裝置(例如諸如行動節點等無線終端機)之一實 例性方法之流程圖圖式。 圖9係一根據各種實施例構建之實例性無線終端機(例如 行動節點)之圖式。 圖10係一根據各種實施例運作一無線通信裝置之實例性 方法之流程圖圖式。 圖11係一根據各種實施例構建之實例性無線終端機(例 如行動節點)之圖式。 圖I2係一根據各種實施例運作—無線.通信裝置之實例性 方法之流程圖圖式。 圖13係-根據各種實施例構建之㈣性無線終端機(例 如行動節點)之圖式。 7858.doc -47 - 1363528 【主要元件符號說明】 100 系統 102 無線終端機 104 無線終端機 105 系統終端機 106 地理區域 202 無線終端機A 204 無線終端機B 206 無線終端機C 324 信標信號(第一個無線終端機) 316 信標信號叢發 318 信標信號叢發 320 信標信號叢發 322 信標信號叢發 304 頻率 308 信標符號 306 頻調符號 310 信標符號 312 信標符號 314 信標符號 374 信標信號(第二個無線終端機) 366 信標信號叢發 368 信標信號叢發 370 信標信號叢發 117858.doc 48- 1363528 372 信標信號叢發 356 頻調符號 頻率 信標符號 信標符號 信標符號 信標符號 WT2所發射之信標信號(由WT1偵測)
304 358 360 362 364 600 602 604 606 612 614 信標信號叢發 信標信號叢發 信標信號叢發 已知偏移量 由第一終端機發射之使用者信標信號 700 無線終端機 702 殼體 704 處理器 706 匯流排 710 記憶體 711 用於掃描一頻譜帶以搜索在該頻帶中是 否有系統信標信號之模組 712 發訊/控制模組 713 用於發射使用者信標信號之模組 714 發訊/控制資料 715 用於比較不同使用者信標信號之優先權 117858.doc -49- 1363528 等級之模組 716 組態資訊 717 用於確定路徑損耗之模組 730 無線通信介面模組 732 接收機模組 734 發射機模組 736 天線 738 雙工器 740 使用者輸入/輸出介面 742 使用者輸入裝置 744 使用者輸出裝置 900 無線終端機 902 接收機模組 903 天線 904 發射機模組 905 天線 906 處理器 908 使用者I/O裝置 910 記憶體 912 匯流排 916 資料/資訊 914 常式 918 通信常式 920 無線終端機控制常式 117858.doc .50. 1363528 922 924 926 928 930 931 932 934
938 940 942 944 946
948 950 952 954 956 958 960 962 信標偵測模組 基於信標之決定模組 信標發訊解碼模組 信標信號產生模組 控制模組 使用者資料發射控制模組 無線終端機信標偵測模組 所偵測之信標信號資訊 自一對應於一第一個信標信號之經解碼 信標信號部分恢復之資訊 自一對應於一第N個信標信號之經解碼信 標信號部分恢復之資訊 發射決定資訊 類型資訊 識別資訊 類型資訊 識別資訊 裝置識別資訊 使用者識別資訊 第一信號資訊 信標符號資訊 使用者資料 當前時間段資訊 接收機頻帶選擇資訊 117858.doc -51 - 1363528 964 發射機頻帶選擇資訊 966 對等裝置網路通信會期資訊 968 糸統貢料/資訊 970 時間/頻率結構資訊 972 頻帶資訊 974 時間段資訊 976 信標解碼貧訊 978 決定標準資訊 980 信標編碼貧訊 1100 無線終端機 1102 接收機模組 1103 天線 1104 發射機模組 1105 天線 1106 處理器 1108 使用者I/O裝置 1110 記憶體 1112 匯流排 1114 常式 1116 資料/資訊 1118 通信常式 1120 無線終端機控制常式 1122 信標偵測模組 1124 發射控制模組 117858.doc -52- 1363528 1126 第一信號(例如信標信號部分)產生模組 1127 信標符號產生模組 1128 信標資訊偵測模組 1130 頻帶控制模組 1132 使用者資料發射控制模組 1134 響應偵測模組 1136 接收機頻帶選擇資訊 1138 當前時間資訊 1140 發射機頻帶選擇資訊 1142 信標偵測/偵測失敗標誌、 1144 所偵測之信標信號資訊 1146 所偵測之信標信號部分識別資訊 1148 裝置識別資訊 1150 使用者識別資訊 1152 所產生之第一信號資訊 1154 欲發射之使用者資料 1156 所偵測之來自一對等裝置之響應資訊 1158 系統資料/資訊 1160 時間/頻率結構資訊 1162 頻帶資訊 ' 1164 時間段資訊 1166 時間段關係資訊 1168 Ίέ標編碼資訊 1170 信標解碼資訊 117858.doc -53- 1363528 1300 無線終端機 1302 接收機模組 1303 天線 1304 發射機模組 1305 天線 1306 處理器 1308 使用者I/O裝置 1310 記憶體 1312 匯流排 1314 常式 1316 資料/資訊 1318 通信常式 1320 無線終端機控制常式 1322 發射決定模組 1324 信標信號產生模組 1326 監視模組 1328 控制模組 1330 發射功率控制模組 1332 信標信號資訊偵測模組 1334 基於優先權之控制模組 1336 發射功率降低模組 1338 所接收之信標信號部分1資訊 1340 所接收之信標信號部分N資訊 1342 發射決定資訊 117858.doc -54- 1363528 1344 欲發射之使用者資料 1346 與無線終端機相關聯之當前優^ 1348 使用者資料發射功率位準資訊 1350 與所接收信標信號部分1相關聯 資訊 1352 與所接收信標信號部分N相關聯 1354 所產生之k標信號部分資訊 1356 信標信號解碼資訊 1358 信標符號資訊 1360 優先權資訊 1362 裝置優先權資訊 1364 使用者優先權資訊 1366 會期優先權資訊 1368 信標符號資訊 1370 優先權資訊 1372 裝置優先權資訊 1374 使用者優先權資訊 1376 會期優先權資訊 1378 功率位準調整資訊 1380 信標符號位置資訊 1382 頻調跳頻型樣/優先權等級資訊 117858.doc -55-

Claims (1)

1363528 本 十、申請專利範圍: 第096101113號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(100年12月) 1. 一種運作一行動無線通信裝置之方法,其包括: 在第一時間段期間監視以在一第一通信頻帶中偵測 一包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號之至少一部分;及 當在該第一時間段期間未偵測到—包括至少一個信標 符號之彳§標彳^號部分時,在繼該第一時間段後之一第二 時間段期間無線發射一第一信號,該第一信號為一第二 仏標仏號,其傳送(1)該行動裝置之一使用者之一優先權 或(2)—通信會期之一會期優先權等級中之至少一者,其 中該無線通信裝置係為一參與者。 2. 如請求項1之方法,進一步包括: 在—δ己憶體中儲存:(丨)裝置優先權資訊,(2)使用者 優先權資訊及(3)會期優先權資訊。 3.如吻求項丨之方法,其中該第二時間段距該第一時間段 之開始具有一預定時間偏移量。 如π求項1之方法,其中該第二信標信號傳送該會期優 先權等級,該方法進一步包括: 、疋孩會期優先權等級為一對應於該行動無線通信裝 置之第一優先權等級及-f士應於—第二震置之第二優先 權等級中之-較高者’其中該行動無線通信裝置具有一 通信會期。 5 ·如 請求項1之方法,進一步包括: 偵測傳送-優先權等級之—經接收信標信號之一部 分;及 117858-100l2H.doc 1363528 由 '’二接收指標信號之該經偵測部分所傳送之該 優先權等級,决定用於資料之發射之-發射功率位準。 6.如明求項1之方法,《中該第二信標信號進-步傳送-使用者識別符。 7· 月求項1之方法’其中該第二信標信號係在該第-通 U帶中發射以及進—步指出允許-第二通信頻帶被用 於同級間通信。 其進一步包括除該第一信號外亦發 8·如請求項4之方法 射使用者資料。 如青长項8之方法,其中在該使用者資料之前發射該第 號在非重疊之時間段發射該第一信號與該使用者 資料。 如月求項9之方法,其中發射該使用者資料包括將該使 用者資料發射至該第一頻帶。 11. 如胡求項5之方法,其中該會期優先權係為該第二裝置 之最大優先權等級。 12. 如請求们之方法,#中該第二信標信號傳送在該行動 …、線通彳3裝置中之一發射機可發射之一最大功率。 13. 如明求項1之方法,纟中該第二信標信號傳送一裝置優 先權’其指出該行動無線通信裝置之該優先權等級。 14·υ項1之方法’纟中該第二信標信號傳送該行動裝 置之一使用者之一優先權。 15.如請求項1之方法,纟中該第二信標信號傳送-通信會 ,月之t期優先權等級,其中該無線通信裝置係為一參 117858-1001214.doc 1363528 與者。 16·如請求項1之方法,其中該第二信標信號除了其他資訊 外還傳送目前的發射功率位準資訊。 17. —種行動無線通信裝置,其包括: 一信標偵測模組,其用於偵測在一第一通信頻帶中傳 送之至少一個信標符號之接收; 一發射機;及 一發射控制模組,其用於根據該信標偵測模組之一輸 出來控制信號發射,當在該第一時間段期間未偵測到」 包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號部分時,在繼一第— 時間段後之-第二時間段期間,該發射控制模組控制該 發射機無線發射一第一信號,該第—信號為一第二信標 信號,其傳送⑴該行動裝置之一使用者之一優先權^ (2)-通信會期之一會期優先權等級中之至少一者,其令 該無線通信裝置係為一參與者。 八 * Η 18.如請求項17之行動無線通信裝置,進一步包括: 一記憶體,其包括經儲存炉 ^ m ^ 裒置優先權資訊' 經儲存 之使用者優先權資訊及經儲存之會期優 19·如請求項17之行動無線通信裝置,進一步包括: 一記憶體,其包括绥锉左+ # 裝置優先權資訊及經儲存 :曰期優先權資讯’該經儲存之會 穿置之第對應於該行動無線通信 具有一通信會期之-第二…深通U置 置之一第二優先權等級中之 117S58-I0012I4.doc 1363528 一較高者。 2〇·如請求項17之行動無線通信裝置,其進一步包含: 一信標符號產生模組;及 其中該第二信標信號傳送該會期優先權等級,該會期 優先權等級為一對應於該行動無線通信裝置之第一優先 權等級及對應於與該行動無線通信裝置具有一通信會期 之一第二裝置之一第二優先權等級中之一較高者。 21. 如請求項20之行動無線通信裝置,其進一步包括: 一信標資訊偵測模組,其用於確定由一信標信號之一 經偵測部分傳送之一識別值。 22. 如請求項21之行動無線通信裝置,其中該識別值係一使 用者識別符。 23. 如請求項20之行動無線通信裝置,其進一步包括: 一接收機,其用於接收在該第一通信頻帶中發射之 標信號部分;及 ° 控制模組,其用於控制該接收機及該發射機運作於 其中之頻帶’控制該接收機及該發射機在—分時多工基 礎上使用該相同之頻帶。 土 24·如請求項23之行動無線通信裝置,其進一步包括: 一使用者資料發射控制模組,其用於控制在該第 信頻帶中除該第-信號外還發射使用者資料。 25.如請求項24之行動無線通信裝置, 其中在該使用者資料之前發射該第-信號;及 其令該使用者資料發射控制模組控制該使用者資料之 117858- J 00 J 214.doc 1363528 發射在一不重疊該第一信號發射之發射時間段内發生。 26. 如請求項25之行動無線通信裝置,其中該使用者資料發 射控制模组控制使用者資料之發射以將使用者資料發射 至該第一頻帶内。 27. 如請求項25之行動無線通信裝置,其進一步包括: 一響應偵測模組,其用於偵測對該使用者資料發射之 -響應,該使用者資料來自與該無線通信裝置在一同級 間基礎上通信之另一裝置。 28. —種行動無線通信裝置,其包括: 信標信號偵測構件,其用於偵測在一第—通信頻帶中 傳送之至少一個信標符號之接收; 無線發射構件;及 =控制該無線發射構件之構件,其用於根據該信標 L波偵測構件之一輪出炎批在丨丨/丄α占於 钳出來控制仏唬發射,當在該第一時 =間ί =到—包括至少—個信標符號之信標信號 用刀 帛一時間段後之-第二時間段期間,該 用=τ發射構件之構件發射一第一信號,該第 2H信標信號’其傳送⑴該行動裝置之一使 之至+去J 之—會期優先權等級中 其中該無線通信裝置係為-參與者。 29·如請求項28之裝置,進_ + 4 資訊、⑺使用者優先權資:用於儲存〇)褒置優先權 構件。 先權貢訊、及⑺會期優先權資訊之 3〇.如請求項28之裝置, 其中該第二時間段距該第 一時間段 117858-100i2l4.doc 1363528 之開始具有一預定時間偏移量。 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 如請求項28之裝置,其進一步包含: 信標符號產生構件;及 其中該第二信標信號傳送該會期優先權等級,該會期 優先權等級為一對應於該行動無線通信裝置之第一優先 權等級及對應於與該行動無線通信裝置具有―通信會期 之一第二裝置之一第二優先權等級_之一較高者。 如請求項31之裝置,其進一步包含: 自信標信號恢復資訊之構件,其用於確定由一信標信 號之一經偵測部分傳送之一識別值。 下。 如明求項32之裝置’其中該識別值係—使用者識別符。 種包3機器可執行指令之非暫態電腦可讀媒體,該等 機器可執行指令用於控制—行動無線通信裝置,其執行 步驟如下: 在第一時間段期間監視以在一第一通信頻帶中偵測 ^括至J 一個信標符號之信標信號之至少一部分;及 二在忒第時間段期間未偵測到一包括至少一個信標 符號之信標信號部分時,在繼該第—時間段後之一第二 時間奴期間無線發射一第一信號,該第一信號為一第二 L標乜號’其傳送⑴該行動裝置之一使用者之一優先權 或⑺-通信會期之一會期優先權等級中之至少一者其 中該無線通信裝置係為一參與者。 如明求項34之非暫態電腦可讀媒體,進一步包括經儲存 次5 八匕括’(1)褒置優先權資訊,(2)使用者優先權 117858-1001214.doc • 6 - 1363528 資訊及(3)會期優先權資訊。 36·=ΓΓ非暫態電腦可讀媒體,其中該第二時間段 了‘詩間奴之開始具有—預定時間偏移量,該電腦 可磧媒體進一步肖姓&人# ▲ 3該預定時間偏移量之機器可執 行指令。 37.如請求項34之非暫態電腦可讀媒體,其t該第二信標信 號傳送-玄會期優先權等級,該包含機器可執行指令之非 Γ 暫態電腦可讀媒體用於控制-行動無線通信裝置:決定 該會期優先權等級為一對應於該行動無線通信裝置之第 :優先權等級及對應於與該行動無線通信裝置具有一通 信會期之-第二裝置之—第二優先權等級中之一較高 者。 38· 如請求項34之非暫態電腦可讀媒體,進—步包含用於控 制該行動無線通信裝置之機器可執行指令讀行下列步 驟: 债測傳送—朗值之—經接彳Mt標信紅-部分;以及 自該經接收信標信號之該㈣測部分恢復該識別值。 39.如請求項38之非暫態電腦可讀媒體,其中該識別值係一 使用者識別符。 4〇· -種用於在-行動無線通信|置中使用之設備其包 括: 一處理器,其經組態以: 在一第一時間段期間監視以在―帛—通信頻帶中偵 測一包括至少一個信標符號之信標信號之至少一部分; 117858-1001214.doc 1363528 當在該第一時間段期間未偵測到一包括至少一個信 標符號之信標信號部分時,在一繼該第一時間段後之第 二時間段期間無線發射一第一信號,該第一信號為一第 二信標信號,其傳送(1)該行動裝置之一使用者之一優先 權或(2)—通信會期之一會期優先權等級中之至少一者, 其中該無線通信裝置係為一參與者。 41. 如請求項40之設備,進一步包括: 一耦接於該處理器之記憶體,該記憶體包含:裝置 優先權資訊,(2)使用者優先權資訊及(3)會期優先權資 訊。 42. 如請求項40之設備,其中該第二時間段距該第一時間段 之開始具有一預定時間偏移量, 且其中該處理器進一步經組態以: 在確定該第-信號之該發射時間之開始時使用該預 定時間偏移量。 43. 如請求項40之設備,其中該第二信標信號傳送該會期優 MU ㈣級為―對應於該行動無線通 Μ置之第_優先㈣級及對應於與該行動無線通信裝 置具有-通信會期之-第二裝置之1二優先權等級中 之一較高者。 44·如請求項40之設備,其中 該處理器進一步經組態以: 偵測傳送一識別值之一經接收信標信號之一部分; 以及 ; 117858-10012U.doc -8 - 1363528 ••缉 ' * 自該經接收信標信號之該經偵測之部分恢復該識別 值。 45.如請求項44之設備,其中該識別值係一使用者識別符。 Ά 117858-1001214.doc
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