CN104320770B - 在对等通信中编码信标信号以提供标识 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在对等通信中编码信标信号以提供标识。描述便于在对等设备发现间隔期间编码和/或解码用于标识无线终端的信号的系统和方法。基本上可使用限制对等网络中的编码和/或解码的任意类型的函数。例如,可使用使接收对等设备能够在一系列对等设备发现间隔期间辨别发送对等设备的标识符的可逆函数。根据另一示例,可使用不可逆函数,使得接收对等设备不能从接收到的信号中解码出发送对等设备的标识符;然而,可将伙伴对等设备的期望信号格式与接收到的信号进行比较以确定伙伴对等设备之一就在附近。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2007年1月10日、国际申请号为PCT/US2007/060357、中国申请号为200780002379.8、发明名称为“在对等通信中编码信标信号以提供标识”的专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求以下申请的优先权:于2006年1月11日提交的题为“METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FOR FACILITATING IDENTIFICATION,SYNCHRONIZATION OR ACQUISITIONUSING BEACON SIGNALS(使用信标信号以便于标识、同步或采集的方法和设备)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/758,010,于2006年1月11日提交的题为“METHOD AND APPARATUS FORUSING BEACON SIGNALS FOR IDENTIFICATION,SYNCHRONIZATION OR ACQUISITION IN ANAD HOC WIRELESS NETWORK(在AD HOC无线网络中将信标信号用于标识、同步或采集的方法和设备)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/758,011,于2006年1月11日提交的题为“METHODAND APPARATUS FOR USING BEACON SIGNALS IN A COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK(在认知无线电网络中使用信标信号的方法和设备)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/758,012,于2006年9月15日提交的题为“POWER ALLOCATION SCHEME(功率分配方案)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/845,052,于2006年9月15日提交的题为“BEACONS IN A MIXED WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION SYSTEM(混合无线通信系统中的信标)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/845,051,以及于2006年10月27日提交的题为“BEACONS IN A MIXED COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM(混合通信系统中的信标)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/863,304。上述各申请通过引用整体结合于此。
背景
1.领域
以下描述一般涉及无线通信,尤其涉及基于对等网络中的已编码信号来标识对等设备。
2.背景
无线通信系统被广泛部署,以提供各种类型的通信,例如,可经由这些无线通信系统提供语音和/或数据。典型无线通信系统或网络可向多个用户提供对一个或多个共享资源的访问。例如,系统可使用诸如频分复用(FDM)、时分复用(TDM)、码分复用(CDM)、正交频分复用(OFDM)等各种多路访问技术。
常见的无线通信系统采用一个或多个提供一覆盖区域的基站。典型基站可发送多个数据流用于广播、多播和/或单播服务,其中数据流可以是无线终端感兴趣的独立接收的数据流。这种基站的覆盖区域内的无线终端可用于接收由合成流承载的一个、多于一个、或全部数据流。类似地,无线终端也可以向基站或另一无线终端发送数据。
无线通信系统利用无线频谱的各部分来传送数据。然而,无线频谱是昂贵和有价值的资源。例如,若企业期望在无线频谱的一部分上(例如,在许可的频谱内)运行无线通信系统,则可导致巨额成本。此外,常规技术一般仅提供对无线频谱的低效利用。根据常见说明,为广域网蜂窝通信分配的频谱通常并未在时间和空间上被均匀利用,因此,在给定的地理位置或给定的时间间隔中可能并未使用频谱的较大子集。
根据另一示例,无线通信系统通常使用对等或自组织(ad hoc)架构,从而无线终端可直接向另一无线终端发送信号。这样,信号不需要通过基站;相反,在彼此范围内的无线终端可直接发现和/或通信。然而,常规的对等网络一般以异步方式操作,从而各对等设备可以在特定时刻执行不同任务。因此,各对等设备可能会遇到与标识范围内不同对等设备和/或与之通信相关联的困难,功率可能会被低效利用,等等。
概述
下文呈现一个或多个实施例的简化概述以提供对这些实施例的基本理解。本概述并非是所有预期实施例的详尽总述,且并非旨在标识所有实施例的关键或重要元素,亦非旨在刻划任一或所有实施例的范围。其唯一目的是以简化的形式来呈现一个或多个实施例的某些概念以作为随后呈现的更详细描述的序言。
根据一个或多个实施例及其相对应的公开内容,结合便于对用于在对等设备发现间隔期间标识无线终端的信号进行编码和/或解码来描述各方面。基本上可以使用约束对等网络中的编码和/或解码的任意类型的函数。例如,可使用使接收对等设备能够在一系列对等设备发现间隔中辨别发送对等设备的标识符的可逆函数。根据另一示例,可使用不可逆函数,使得接收对等设备不能从收到的信号中译码出发送对等设备的标识符;然而,可将伙伴对等设备的期望信号格式与收到的信号进行比较以确定伙伴对等设备之一就在附近。
根据相关方面,本文描述便于标识对等网络中的无线终端的方法。该方法包括在一系列对等设备发现间隔的第一对等设备发现间隔中接收第一信号,其中该第一信号是由不同无线终端使用预定散列函数生成的。此外,该方法可包括基于该预定散列函数使用来自已知标识符存储列表的至少一个已知标识符来生成期望信号。此外,该方法可包括将收到的第一信号与生成的期望信号进行比较以确定该不同无线终端就在附近,其中该不同无线终端对应于用于生成该期望信号的已知标识符。
另一方面涉及无线通信装置。该无线通信装置包括存储器,该存储器保存已知标识符的列表,以及与以下相关的指令:在对等设备发现间隔中获得第一信号,其中第一信号是由不同无线终端使用预定散列函数生成的;使用已知标识符以及该预定散列函数生成期望信号;以及将获得的第一信号与生成的期望信号进行比较以确定对等设备就在附近,其中该对等设备对应于用来生成期望信号的已知标识符。此外,该无线通信装置可包括耦合到存储器的、配置成执行保存在存储器中指令的处理器。
又一方面涉及一种在对等网络中允许结合编码和/或解码对等设备发现信号而使用不可逆函数的无线通信装置。该无线通信装置可包括用于在对等设备发现间隔中接收信号的装置,该信号由对等设备使用预定散列函数生成;用于基于预定散列函数使用来自存储列表的至少一个已知标识符来生成期望信号的装置;以及用于将接收到的信号与生成的信号进行比较以确定该对等设备就在附近的装置。
再一方面涉及其上存储机器可执行指令的机器可读介质,该机器可执行指令用于获得由不同无线终端使用预定散列函数生成的信号、使用来自已知标识符列表的已知标志符以及该预定散列函数来生成期望信号、将获得的信号与生成的信号进行比较以确定对等设备就在附近,其中该对等设备对应于用来生成该期望信号的已知标识符。
根据另一方面,无线通信系统中的装置可包括处理器,其中该处理器可被配置成在对等设备发现间隔中检测信号,其中该信号由不同无线终端使用预定散列函数生成。此外,该处理器可被配置成基于该预定散列函数使用来自已知标识符存储列表的至少一个已知标识符来生成期望信号。此外,该处理器可被配置成将接收到的信号与生成的期望信号进行比较以确定对等设备就在附近,其中该对等设备对应于用来生成该期望信号的已知标识符。
为了实现前述以及相关目的,一个或多个实施例包括随后在权利要求书中完整描述以及具体指出的特征。以下描述和附图详细阐述一个或多个实施例的特定说明性方面。然而,这些方面仅示出其中可使用各实施例的原理的各种方法中的一些,且所描述的实施例旨在包括所有这些方面及其等效方案。
附图简述
图1是根据本文所述的各方面的无线通信系统的示图;
图2是允许对等网络中对等设备相互标识的示例系统的示图。
图3是对等设备发现间隔的示例时序图的示图。
图4是与在对等设备发现间隔期间的传输相关联的示例时间-频率栅格的示图。
图5是使用对对等网络中传送和评估的对等设备发现信号进行编码的函数的示例系统的示图。
图6是由对等环境中的无线终端的对等设备分析器实现的对检测信号(例如,信标信号)进行评估的示例图形描绘的示图。
图7是允许使用可逆函数来生成对等设备发现信号的示例系统的示图,其中该可逆函数的使用允许从对等网络中的接收信号中译码出标识符。
图8是对使用可逆函数生成的对等设备发现信号的链接序列进行评估的示例图形描绘的示图。
图9是便于在使用可逆函数来编码对等设备发现信号的对等网络中标识无线终端的示例方法的示图。
图10是便于解码从对等网络中的对等设备获得的信号序列的示例方法的示图。
图11是便于标识对等网络中不同无线终端的示例方法的示图。
图12是便于分析在对等设备发现间隔期间在对等网络中获得的信号的示例方法的示图。
图13是根据各方面实现的包括多个小区的示例通信系统的示图。
图14是根据各方面的示例基站的示图。
图15是根据本文所述各方面实现的示例无线终端(例如,移动设备、端节点……)的示图。
图16是允许结合对等网络中的对等设备发现信号使用可逆函数的示例系统的示图。
图17是允许与对等网络中编码和/或解码对等设备发现信号相结合地使用可逆函数的示例系统的示图。
详细描述
现参考附图描述各实施例,其中用类似的附图标记来指示类似的元件。在以下描述中,出于解释的目的,阐述大量具体的细节以提供对一个或多个实施例的透彻理解。然而,显然,这些实施例可以在不使用这些具体细节的情况下实践。在其它实例中,为便于描述一个或多个实施例,以框图形式示出公知的结构和设备。
如在本申请中所使用的,术语“组件”、“模块”、“系统”等旨在指示计算机相关实体,诸如硬件、固件、软硬件组合、软件,或执行中的软件。例如,组件可以是处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行程序、执行线程、程序、和/或计算机,但并不限于此。作为说明,在计算设备上运行的应用程序和该计算设备本身都可以是组件。一个或多个组件可驻留在执行的进程和/或线程中,且组件可以局限在一台计算机上和/或分布在两台或多台计算机之间。此外,这些组件可从其上存储各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质来执行。各组件可通过本地和/或远程进程的方式来通信,诸如根据具有一个或多个数据分组的信号(例如,来自通过信号的方式与本地系统、分布式系统中的另一组件进行交互、和/或在诸如因特网等网络上与其它系统进行交互的一个组件的数据)。
此外,本文结合无线终端来描述各实施例。也可将无线终端称为系统、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动、移动设备、远程站、远程终端、接入终端、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理、用户设备、或用户装备(UE)。无线终端可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话初始协议(SIP)电话、无线本地环路(WLL)站、个人数字助理(PDA)、具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、计算设备、或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。此外,本文结合基站来描述各实施例。基站可用于与无线终端进行通信,且也可被称为接入点、节点B、或其它术语。
此外,本文所述各个方面或特征可实现为使用标准编程和/或工程技术的方法、装置、或制品。本文所使用的术语“制品”旨在涵盖可从任意计算机可读设备、载体、或介质访问的计算机程序。例如,计算机可读介质可包括,但不限于,磁性存储设备(例如硬盘、软盘、磁条等)、光盘(例如压缩盘(CD)、数字多功能盘(DVD)等)、智能卡、以及闪存设备(例如EPROM、卡、棒、密钥驱动等)。此外,本文所述的各种存储介质可表示一个或多个设备和/或用于存储信息的其它机器可读介质。术语“机器可读介质”可包括,但不限于,无线信道以及能够存储、包含、和/或承载指令和/或数据的各种其它介质。
现参照图1,根据本文所示的各实施例示出无线通信系统100。系统100可包括一个或多个无线终端102。虽然示出两个无线终端102,但应该意识到,系统100实质上可包括任意数量的无线终端102。无线终端102可以是,例如,蜂窝电话、智能电话、膝上型设备、手持式通信设备、手持式计算设备、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、PDA、和/或用于在无线通信系统100中进行通信的任意其它合适设备。无线终端102可经由局域对等(P2P)网络(例如,adhoc网络)直接相互通信。对等通信可通过在无线终端102之间直接传送信号来实现,因此,这些信号无需通过基站(例如,基站104)。对等网络可提供短距离、高数据速率的通信(例如,在家庭、公司内等类型设置)。
此外,系统100可支持广域网(WAN)。系统100可包括在一个或多个扇区中彼此和/或与一个或多个无线终端102进行接收、发送、重复(等操作)无线通信信号的的基站104(例如,接入点)和/或任意数量的不同基站(未示出)。本领域的技术人员将会意识到,基站104可包括发送器链和接收器链,其每个又可以包括与信号发送和接收相关联的多个组件(例如,处理器、调制器、多路复用器、解调器、多路分离器、天线,……)。无线终端102在通过由系统100支持的广域基础结构网络进行通信时可向基站104发送信号或从其接收信号。
无线终端102之间的对等通信可以是同步的。例如,无线终端102可使用通用时钟基准来同步不同功能的操作。无线终端102可从基站104(和/或提供较少功能的发送器(未示出))获得用于同步各无线终端102的操作的时序信号。无线终端102也从例如GPS卫星的其它源获得时序信号。根据说明,在对等网络中可有意义地对时间进行划分,用于诸如对等设备发现、寻呼、以及通信量等功能。此外,可预见每一对等网络可设置其自己的时间。
在对等网络中进行通信量的通信之前,无线终端102(例如,对等设备)可彼此检测和标识。在对等设备之间进行这种相互检测和标识的过程可称为对等设备发现。系统100可通过提供期望建立对等通信的对等设备周期性地发送短消息并接听其它对等设备的发送来支持对等设备发现。例如,无线终端102(例如,发送无线终端)中的每一个可周期性地向该对等网络中其它无线终端102(例如,接收无线终端)发送信号,使得接收无线终端可在该接收无线终端邻近该发送无线终端的情况下标识该发送无线终端。标识之后,可建立活动连接。
对等设备发现的发送可在被称为对等设备发现间隔的指定时间内周期性地进行,发现间隔的时序可由协议来预先确定并被无线终端102所知晓。无线终端102可以各自发送相应信号来标识其自身。例如,每个无线终端102可在对等设备发现间隔的一部分期间发送信号。此外,每个无线终端102可在对等设备发现间隔的剩余部分中监视可能会由其它无线终端102发送的信号。根据一示例,该信号可以是信标信号。作为另一说明,对等设备发现间隔可包括多个码元(例如,OFDM码元)。每个无线终端102可在对等设备发现间隔中选择至少一个码元用于该无线终端102的发送。此外,每个无线终端102可在该无线终端102所选择的码元中以一个频调来发送一相应信号。
局域对等网络以及广域对等网络可共享共同的无线频谱来实现通信。因此,带宽可被共享用于经由不同类型的网络来传送数据。例如,对等网络和广域网两者都可在许可频谱上进行通信。然而,对等网络并不需要使用广域网基础结构。
现在转到图2,示出允许对等网络中的对等设备进行相互标识的系统200。系统200包括与实质上任意数量的不同无线终端(例如,不同无线终端1204,……不同无线终端X206,其中X可以是任意整数)直接通信的无线终端202。虽然下文提供关于无线终端202的进一步细节,但应该意识到,这些说明可类似地应用到不同无线终端204-206。
无线终端202还可包括在对等设备发现间隔(或多个对等设备发现间隔)期间实现编码、发送、接收、评估与对等设备发现相关联的信号的对等设备发现通信机208。对等设备发现通信机208还可包括信号发生器210以及对等设备分析器212。信号发生器210可生成和/或向不同无线终端204-206发送信号,而不同无线终端204-206可评估该信号来检测和标识无线终端202。此外,对等设备分析器212可接收从不同无线终端204-206发送的信号,对等设备分析器212可评估接收到的信号来检测和标识该接收信号所对应的不同无线终端204-206。
无线终端202可额外包括使无线终端202与不同无线终端204-206之间的时序统一的同步器214。同步器214可从来自无线终端202和不同无线终端204-206附近的基站(未示出)的广播信息(例如,通用时钟基准)获得其时序。不同无线终端204-206的类似同步器(未示出)可从该同一广播信息中获得其相应时序。该广播信息可额外地或替代地包括GPS卫星信号。该广播信息可周期性地被同步器214接收。此外,该广播信息可以是,例如,单频调音信标信号、CDMA PN(伪随机)序列信号、导频信号或其它广播信号。同步器214可评估所获得的广播信号以确定时序信息。作为说明,无线终端202和不同无线终端204-206可接收并同步到同一广播信息,且因此具有对时间的共同理解。对时间的共同认知可用于根据由空中接口协议定义的预定模式将时间线划分成不同间隔用于诸如对等设备发现、寻呼、以及通信量等不同类型的功能。此外,该时序信息可被信号发生器210用于创建在对等设备发现期间发送的信号,和/或被对等设备分析器212用于评估接收到的信号用于对等设备发现。
每一无线终端(例如,无线终端202、不同无线终端204-206)可与相应的唯一标识符(WT ID)相关联。例如,无线终端202可包括保存了对应于无线终端202的唯一标识符(WTID)的存储器216。然而,可预见无线终端202可从任意位置(例如,无线终端202的本地和/或远程)导出、获得(等等)其唯一标识符(WT ID)。此外,存储器216可保存与无线终端202相关的任意附加类型的数据和/或指令。此外,无线终端202可包括执行本文所述指令的处理器(未示出)。
信号发生器210可创建信号和/或向不同无线终端204-206发送信号。信号发生器210在对等设备发现间隔期间可与无线终端202的唯一标识符(WT ID)相关地编码和/或发送信号。根据一示例,由信号发生器210生成的信号可以是可提供功率效率的单频调信标信号。因此,信号发生器210可在对等设备发现间隔内实现在所选OFDM码元上发送特定频调。可以预见,可发送一个以上的信标信号(例如,在多个OFDM码元中)。例如,在所发送的信号是信标信号的情况下,所选码元时间位置(例如,在对等设备发现间隔内)和/或频调位置可由无线终端202的唯一标识符(WT ID)以及标识当前对等设备发现间隔的时间变量(例如,由同步器214、计时器获得的时序信息)的散列函数来导出。此外,无线终端202以及不同无线终端204-206可具有相同的时间变量值(例如,由于通过接听在一地理范围内可用的基础结构通信信道而实现的同步)。
根据另一示例,可由信号发生器210(和/或对等设备发现通信机208)向对等设备广播与无线终端202相关联的标识符(WT ID)。获得该信号的对等设备可检测和/或标识无线终端202。例如,由信号发生器210生成的信号可以是M位散列函数的输出,该M位散列函数的输入是无线终端202的纯文本名称(例如,WT ID)以及由基站广播信号(例如,通用时钟基准)提供的当前计时器值。例如,计时器值在当前对等设备发现间隔期间可以恒定,且可被所有对等设备解码。计时器值可以从一个对等设备发现间隔到另一对等设备发现间隔而发生变化(例如,以模的形式递增)。此外,散列函数可由一协议而先验地指定并被这些对等设备知晓。
举例而言,无线终端202可位于包括不同无线终端1204以及不同无线终端X 206的对等网络中。同步器214可确定与对等通信相关联的时序(例如,基于接收到的通用时钟基准)。此外,为对等设备发现而划分的时间处,信号发生器210可向范围内的不同无线终端(例如,不同无线终端204-206)广播一信号(例如,基于该发起无线终端202的ID和/或当前时间而生成)。不同无线终端204-206可接收信号并使用该信号来检测无线终端202和/或确定无线终端202的身份。此外,对等设备分析器212可以从不同无线终端204-206获取广播信号。对等设备分析器212可评估所获得的信号以检测不同无线终端204-206和/或标识不同无线终端204-206。
由对等设备发现通信机208实现的对等设备发现可以是被动的。此外,对等设备发现可以是对称的。因此,无线终端202可检测并标识不同无线终端1204,而不同无线终端1204可检测并标识无线终端202。然而,可以预见,第一无线终端可检测并标识第二无线终端,但第二无线终端可能无法检测并标识第一无线终端。此外,基于检测和标识,可在无线终端202与不同无线终端204-206之间实现进一步通信(例如,寻呼、通信量),但这并非必需。
对等设备分析器212可维护被检测到在当前时刻出现的不同无线终端204-206的列表。该列表可包括所有不同无线终端204-206,或可包括那些在无线终端202或正在使用无线终端202的用户的预定伙伴列表中的终端。该列表随着时间而演进,因为某些不同无线终端204-206可能会消失(例如,由于相应用户离开),或因为其它不同无线终端204-206可能会出现(例如,由于相应用户靠近)。对等设备分析器212可将新的不同无线终端204-206添加到该列表或将消失的不同无线终端204-206从该列表中删除。在一实施例中,对等设备分析器212被动地维护该列表。在这种情况下,第一对等设备可检测到第二对等设备的出现并将第二对等设备保存在其列表中而不通知第二对等设备。结果,第二对等设备可能不知道第一对等设备已经将第二对等设备保存在列表中。对称地,取决于无线信道和干扰情况,第二对等设备也可检测到第一对等设备的出现并将第一对等设备保存在其列表中而不通知第一对等设备。在另一实施例中,在第一对等设备检测到第二对等设备的出现后,第一对等设备抢先发送信号通知第二对等设备,使得第二对等设备现在知晓第一对等设备已经将第二对等设备保存在其列表中,即使第一对等设备还没有数据通信量要与第二对等设备进行通信。第一对等设备可选择性地决定其是否发送信号。例如,第一对等设备可仅向在预定伙伴列表中的另一对等设备发送信号。
参照图3,示出对等设备发现间隔的示例时序图300。对等设备发现间隔可包括期间无线终端可广播信号的多个可能的传输时间。例如,该对等设备发现间隔可包括N个码元(例如,OFDM码元),其中N可以是任意整数。此外,每一码元可持续10μs,且N可以是50、100、200等。然而,权利要求并不被如此受限。在对等网络中的每个对等设备可使用这些码元中的一个或多个来发送;该对等设备可接听剩余的码元以检测和/或标识范围内的其它对等设备。根据发送信标信号的示例,对等设备可在第一码元(例如,在该对等设备发现间隔内的第一时间)上发送第一频调,并在第二码元(例如,在该对等设备发现间隔内的第二时间)上发送第二频调,其中该第一码元和该第二码元可相邻或不相邻。
根据一示例,对等设备发现间隔可包括200个码元。在一实施例中,所有这200个码元都可由无线终端用来发送广播信号。在另一实施例中,间隔码元都可用于发送(例如,100个码元可用于发送)。在对等设备发现间隔之前,希望参与对等通信的每个无线终端都可选择一个或多个码元用于发送。该无线终端在所选码元时间中向不同无线终端(例如,对等设备)发送消息(例如,频调)。该消息可在所选传输码元之一中包括一个频调。此外,在对等设备发现间隔中的剩余码元时间的至少一部分期间,该无线终端接听并解码不同无线终端的发送。由于对等通信可使用半双工模式,其中无线终端在特定时刻或是发送或是接收数据,但不能同时发送和接收数据,则该无线终端可在10%的发送时间中发送,而在剩余的90%的时间中接收。作为另一示例,无线终端可在30%时间内发送,而在70%时间内接收。根据说明,无线终端可基于标识符和/或时间概念(例如,从接收到的信标导出的)来确定将要发送的发送时间和/或波形(例如,在所选发送码元中发送的频率频调)。时间概念实质上是时变变量。所有无线终端可取得相同的时间概念。例如,这些无线终端可从来自基站的广播(例如,信标)信号中获得时变变量。时变变量可以是在广播信号中发送的某些变量。例如,该变量可以是随时间变化的某些计时器或系统时间。在本文中,该时间概念被称为计时器。期望该计时器从一对等设备发现间隔到另一个时发生变化。作为进一步示例,该无线终端可使用伪随机数字发生器来选择发送时间和/或波形,其种子可以是该无线终端的标识符以及由来自基站的广播信号所提供的当前计时器值。随着计时器变化,所选发送码元时间和/或波形也可从一对等设备发现间隔到另一个而发生变化。
现转到图4,示出与对等设备发现间隔期间的传输相关联的示例时间-频率栅格400。时间-频率栅格400是可用于对等设备发现间隔期间在对等网络上发送和/或接收信号的资源。x轴表示时间且可包括N个码元(例如,其中N可以是任意整数),而y轴表示频率且可包括M个频调(例如,其中M可以是任意整数)。例如,对于一对等设备发现间隔的时间-频率栅格400可包括200个码元以及50个频调(例如,1000的资源)。然而,所要求保护的主题包括使用任意大小的时间-频率资源。
根据一示例,无线终端可基于该无线终端的标识符或使用该无线终端的用户和/或在对等网络中公知的用于标识当前对等设备发现间隔的时间变量(例如,计时器)来选择用于发送的特定码元(例如,发送时间)。此外,可确定对应于所选码元的特定频调(例如,基于该标识符和/或时间变量)。根据另一示例,该标识符和时间变量的散列函数可生成所选码元位置和/或频调位置。此外,如由阴影所示,栅格400内的x和y坐标(例如,(x1,y1))可提供信息(例如,当由接收该信号的对等设备进行评估时)。然而,当在一个对等设备发现间隔中发送一个码元时,该标识符的大小可能大于可经由已发送信号(例如,编码有码元-频调位置)进行传送的数据的大小。例如,当无线终端在对等设备发现间隔期间在一个码元上发送一个频调时,标识符可以是32位或更长,而1000的资源可提供10位信息。
通过发送单个码元,无线终端所使用的符号可以是log2(M·N)。根据又一示例,无线终端可在一个或多个(例如,连续的)对等设备发现间隔期间将多个码元用于发送。根据该示例,各频调(例如,信标)可在不同时刻发送。作为说明,如果用坐标(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)发送了两个信标,其中x1和x2可在同一对等设备发现间隔或两个不同的间隔内,则x1与x2不同以避免同时发送两个信标。根据又一示例,可将在连续对等设备发现间隔期间发送的信号可以链接在一起以允许通过接收无线终端来进行标识。
现参照图5,示出使用函数来编码对等网络中传送和评估的对等设备发现信号的系统500。该函数可能是不可逆的,然而,可以预见,也可以结合系统500使用可逆函数。系统500包括可经由对等网络与不同无线终端(例如,对等设备)进行通信的无线终端202。无线终端202可包括允许在对等设备发现间隔期间发送和/或获得对等设备发现信号(例如,通过利用信号发生器210和对等设备分析器212)的对等设备发现通信机208。此外,无线终端202可包括获得并分析通用时钟基准以协调各功能(例如,对等设备发现、寻呼、通信量)的操作并确定与对等网络中的不同无线终端相一致的有意义的时间概念(例如,计时器)的同步器214。因此,各对等设备在无需彼此进行直接通信的情况下就取得相同的时序(同步时序)。
此外,无线终端202可包括存储器216。与无线终端202相关联的标识符(WT ID)可存储在存储器216中。此外,可在存储器中维护已知的对等设备列表(例如,伙伴对等设备列表)。该已知对等设备列表包含与在给定时刻可能位于或不位于对等网络中(例如,在无线终端202的范围内)的伙伴对等设备相对应的标识符(例如,ID1、ID1……IDZ,其中z可以是任意整数)。例如,具有无线终端202的对等网络中不同无线终端的子集、空集或全集可以是无线终端202的伙伴对等设备;因此,无线终端202的存储器216可维护对应于是伙伴对等设备的这些不同无线终端的ID。作为进一步示例,对于不是无线终端202的伙伴对等设备的任何不同无线终端(例如,在具有无线终端202的对等网络中),其标识符可能并不在无线终端202的存储器216中的已知对等设备列表中。
信号发生器210(和/或对等网络中不同无线终端的类似信号发生器)可使用不可逆函数(例如,不可逆散列函数)来生成对等设备发现信号。由于该函数是不可逆的,接收无线终端可能无法从所获得的对等设备发现信号中译码出标识符;相反,可对已知标识符应用同一不可逆函数,并将其输出与接收到的信号进行比较。举例而言,信号发生器210可使用无线终端202(例如,生成该对等设备发现信号的无线终端)的标识符(WT ID)以及与当前对等设备发现间隔(例如,由同步器214所确定的)相关的时间变量(例如,计时器)作为该不可逆函数的输入,以导出对该对等设备发现信号的码元位置和/或频调位置。同样,类似的信号发生器可使用对应于每一不同无线终端的相应标识符。此外,可在该对等网络上广播已编码的对等设备发现信号。因此,例如,由该对等网络中的不同无线终端的信号发生器提供的广播对等设备发现信号可由无线终端202接收。
对等设备分析器212还可包括信号检测器502、预期信号计算器504、和/或比较器506。信号检测器502可接收在对等设备发现间隔期间在对等网络上传送的信号。例如,接收到的信号可包括由不同无线终端(例如,伙伴对等设备或非伙伴对等设备)发送的对等设备发现信号、干扰等。
此外,预期信号计算器504可对每一伙伴对等设备生成当前期望的信号格式。在使用信标信号的情形中,则预期信号计算器504可为每个伙伴对等设备确定期望的所选码元位置(例如,x坐标)以及相应的期望所选频调位置(例如,y坐标)的坐标对(例如,与图4中的时间-频率网格相关联)。例如,预期信号计算器504可类似地使用信号发生器210所采用的不可逆函数来生成与每一伙伴对等设备相关联的期望坐标对。此外,预期信号计算器504可以与时间变量(例如,计时器)以及对应于伙伴对等设备的相应标识符相关地为每一伙伴对等设备生成期望坐标对。有可能对不同的伙伴对等设备使用不同的函数。例如,假设无线终端202有两个伙伴对等设备。无线终端202已获知第一伙伴对等设备使用第一函数来生成其信号,而第二伙伴对等设备使用第二函数来生成其信号。该第一函数和第二函数可相同或不同。只要该第一和第二函数是预定且已知的,无线终端202就能够从该第一和第二伙伴对等设备导出期望的信号。
比较器506将检测到的信号(例如,使用信号检测器502获得的)与所计算的期望信号格式(例如,由预期信号计算器504所确定的)进行比较以产生与无线终端202附近的伙伴对等设备(例如,伙伴对等设备是包含在共享对等网络中的不同无线终端之一)相关联的概率。如果检测到的信号与一个伙伴对等设备的期望信号格式相匹配,则比较器506可记录该相应伙伴对等设备可能在附近(例如,在该对等网络中)。如果比较器506在几个对等设备发现间隔内都观察到同一伙伴对等设备的期望信号格式,则该伙伴对等设备在附近的概率较高。此外,如果期望的信号格式与任何检测到的信号都不匹配,则对应于该期望信号格式的伙伴对等设备可能位于该对等网络之外(例如,在无线终端202的范围之外)。此外,如果检测到的信号与期望的信号格式不相匹配,则该检测到的信号可能不与伙伴对等设备相关,相反,检测到的信号可能属于非伙伴对等设备、噪声等。
根据另一示例,比较器506可以考虑与使用检测器502所获得的信号相关联的能级。根据该示例,比较器506可向与一个伙伴对等设备的期望信号格式相匹配的具有高能级的所检测信号分配高概率。此外,当具有低能级的所检测信号与该伙伴对等设备的期望信号格式相匹配时,比较器506向在该对等网络中的伙伴对等设备之一分配低概率。
通过另一示例,可在存储器216中维护与无线终端202相关联的伙伴对等设备的纯文本名称列表(例如,已知对等设备列表)。此外,在使用信号检测器502解码特定ID时,预期信号计算器504可使用当前计时器值将来自存储器216的纯文本对等设备名称散列化。如果输出ID的至少一个与已解码的ID相匹配,则比较器506可推断相应的伙伴对等设备以特定概率出现。如果没有发现匹配或存在多个匹配,则比较器506可能无法推断任何伙伴对等设备的出现。此外,每一对等设备可在ID生成函数输出的多个位上不同,从而确保其最终被发现。
参照图6,示出由对等环境中的无线终端202的对等设备分析器212所实现的所检测信号(例如,信标信号)的评估的示例图示。根据该示例,可使用不可逆函数来生成对等设备发现信号。因此,对等设备分析器212可能无法从所检测到的信号来计算ID,其中ID对应于广播每一信号的不同无线终端。
示出示例检测信号时间-频率资源600以及示例预期伙伴信号时间-频率资源602。这些时间-频率资源600-602可类似于图4的时间-频率资源400。然而应该意识到,所要求保护的主题并不限于这些示例。所检测到的信号时间-频率资源600用码元-频调坐标对(x1,y1)以及(x2,y2)来示出两个检测到的信号(例如,使用信号检测器502获得的)。因此,在无线终端202处在码元x1上检测到频调y1并在码元x2上检测到频调y2。如果在一频调上接收到的功率明显(例如,至少5dB)高于每一频调上平均接收到的功率,则接收器可确定在码元中检测到该频调。
无线终端202可在存储器216中保存伙伴列表,且可以与伙伴列表中包含的ID以及计时器相关地计算期望的码元-频调坐标对。预期伙伴信号时间-频率资源602示出基于该伙伴列表ID以及计时器所导出期望的码元-频调坐标对的示例。如图所示,期望的码元-频调坐标对是(x3,y3)以及(x4,y4)。
此外,通过将检测到的信号资源600与预期伙伴信号资源602进行比较,可确定在(x2,y2)处的检测到的信号之一与在(x4,y4)处的预期信号之一相匹配。因此,可向对应于在(x4,y4)处的该信号的伙伴对等设备分配位于检测到该信号的无线终端附近的高概率。此外,如果在下一对等设备发现间隔同样检测到该伙伴对等设备,则可以向伙伴对等设备分配在附近的更高概率。此外,由于缺乏对在(x1,y1)处检测到的信号的匹配,该无线终端可确定这一检测到的信号可能源自于非伙伴对等设备或噪声。此外,由于缺乏对与在(x3,y3)处的预期对等设备信号相关联的伙伴对等设备的匹配,该无线终端可确定该伙伴对等设备可能位于对等网络之外(例如,在该无线终端的范围之外)。
现转到图7,示出允许使用可逆函数来生成对等设备发现信号的系统700,其中可逆函数的使用允许从在对等网络中接收到的信号中译码出标识符。系统700包括经由对等网络与不同无线终端进行通信的无线终端202。无线终端202可包括对等设备发现通信机208、同步器214以及存储器216。
对等设备发现通信机208(以及不同无线终端的类似对等设备发现通信机)可使用可逆函数来编码和/或评估在该对等环境上传送的信号。这样,无线终端202以及不同无线终端可遵循一函数(例如,散列函数),使得可在一个对等设备发现间隔内或跨越一系列对等设备发现间隔来辨别它们的唯一标识符。信号发生器210可使用可逆函数来基于无线终端202的标识符以及计时器产生对等设备发现信号,且可向对等网络中的不同无线终端提供该信号(例如,通过广播)。通过利用该可逆函数,检测到由无线终端202所发送的对等设备发现信号的不同无线终端可译码出该标识符(WT ID)。例如,可逆函数可以是线性函数或非线性函数。
信号发生器210可包括基于固定的预定规则(例如,可逆函数)链接连续对等设备发现间隔中的信号格式的编码序列链接器702。根据该示例,标识符(WT ID)可包含32位或更多,然而,在具有200个码元和50个频调的对等设备发现间隔中传送的信标信号仅提供10位。因此,编码序列链接器702可通过经由在一个以上对等设备发现间隔内发送的信号来提供该标识符的各部分从而允许传送该标识符。编码序列链接器702使用可逆函数以允许在R个对等设备发现间隔中辨别该标识符,其中R可以是任意整数(例如,小于3、3、小于20……)。例如,编码序列链接器702可允许在第一对等设备发现间隔期间发送第一信标,在第二对等设备发现间隔期间发送第二信标等,其中可根据该可逆函数来链接这些信标。
此外,对等设备分析器212可包括信号检测器704、解码序列链接器706、以及标识符辨别器708。信号检测器704可获得在对等设备发现间隔期间在对等网络上传送的信号。例如,信号可由不同无线终端生成(例如,使用可逆函数来生成这些信号)和/或对应于噪声或干扰。根据示例,信号检测器704可标识与检测到的信号相关的码元和相应频调的坐标对。解码序列链接器706可以使用固定的预定规则,将来自连续对等设备发现间隔的信号链接在一起。解码序列链接器706可利用不同无线终端的编码序列链接器所采用的函数的知识,标识来自相互对应的不同对等设备发现间隔的信号序列。此外,标识符辨别器708可评估该信号序列以确定基于这些信号编码的标识符。例如,可根据由标识符辨别器708实现的分析来更新所标识的不同无线终端的列表。
通过利用可逆函数,系统700允许标识对等网络中的不同无线终端,无论无线终端202是否预先知晓与这些不同无线终端相关的标识符(类似地,可由不同无线终端标识无线终端202)。这种对位于范围内的无线终端的识别可增强多个对等连接中的通信量传输协调和干扰管理。
根据说明,可从无线终端202的信号发生器210所发送的信号中发现无线终端202的标识符(例如,保存在无线终端202的存储器216中的WTID)。同样,也可类似地发现分别对应于对等网络中不同无线终端的唯一标识符(例如,由无线终端202的对等设备分析器212)。此外,基于所确定的标识符,对等设备分析器(例如,对等设备分析器212)可将另一无线终端识别为对等设备。例如,在连续对等设备发现间隔内发送的信号格式可以通过固定的预定规则相互链接(例如,通过无线终端的编码序列链接器),该规则可应用于整个对等网络。在特定对等设备发现间隔期间,多个无线终端可发送它们的签名信号。然而,在一个对等设备发现间隔内的签名信号可能并不唯一地标识发送无线终端(例如,无线终端202、不同无线终端)。因此,这些发送无线终端可形成由该信号发送无线终端在连续对等设备发现间隔中发送的签名信号的序列,以便于恢复发送无线终端的标识符。此外,该固定的预定规则帮助接收无线终端(例如,无线终端202、不同无线终端)形成一个签名信号序列,从而构成该发送无线终端的标识符。
在使用信标信号时,基本上可使用任何固定的预定规则。根据一示例,来自一个发送无线终端的签名信号可以在连续间隔中具有所选OFDM码元的相同位置。发送无线终端可选择跳过用于传输的时间间隔的子集,使得其可监视那些时间间隔并检查其它发送无线终端是否在那些时间间隔中发送签名信号。在另一示例中,来自一个发送无线终端的签名信号在连续时间间隔中具有所选频调的相同位置。所选码元的位置可以相关于该发送无线终端的标识符。在又一示例中,在两个连续时间间隔中,来自一个发送无线终端的签名信号可分别在所选码元x1的频调y1以及在所选码元x2的频调y2处发送;根据该示例,该规则可以是y2=x1或x2=y1。应该理解,以上等式可以用模的方式来定义,其中模是预定常数。一般而言,链接函数表示x1、y1、x2、y2需要满足的约束,即g(x1,y1,x2,y2)=0。
参照图8,示出使用可逆函数生成的对等设备发现信号的链接序列的评估的示例图示。时间-频率资源800表示在第一对等设备发现间隔Ti期间生成和/或获得的信号(例如,信标),而时间-频率资源802表示在第二对等设备发现间隔Ti+1期间生成和/或获得的信号。此外,第一对等设备发现间隔Ti可以是第二对等设备发现间隔Ti+1之前的对等设备发现间隔。时间-频率资源800-802可类似于图4的时间-频率资源400。然而,此外应该意识到,所要求保护的主题并不限于这些示例。
根据所示的示例,可逆函数可基于所选码元(例如,x轴)来提供关于标识符的信息。此外,可由所选频调(例如,y轴)来提供用于链接来自连续对等设备发现间隔的信号的信息。例如,可逆函数可提供yi+1=xi。作为说明,可使用坐标对(x1,y1)在第一对等设备发现间隔Ti期间发送信号。所选择的码元xi可提供与标识符一部分相关联的信息,而剩余部分可包含在链接在序列中的后续信号中。为确定下一对等设备发现间隔Ti+1中的包含在该序列中的信号,具有等于x1的所选频调坐标yi+1的信号被标识。此外,虽然未示出,但是在随后的对等设备发现间隔Ti+2期间,yi+2=xi+1,以此类推。虽然在每一对等设备发现间隔期间仅示出一个信号,但是可以预见,在每一这样的间隔期间可发送和/或接收任意数量的信号。此外,应该意识到,连接不同对等设备发现间隔之间的信标信号的任何不同方式都旨在落入本文所附权利要求的范围之内。此外,来自任意数量的连续对等设备发现间隔的信号都可被链接以传送标识符(例如,2、3、4……)。
参照图9-12,示出关于在对等网络中执行对等设备发现的方法。虽然为说明简单起见,这些方法被示出和描述成一系列动作,但应该理解和意识到,这些方法并不限于动作的次序,因为根据一个或多个实施例,某些动作能以不同次序发生和/或与本文所示和所述的其它动作同时发生。例如,本领域技术人员应该理解和意识到,作为替代,方法可表示为诸如状态图中的一系列相互关联的状态或事件。此外,根据一个或多个实施例,并非所有示出的动作都是实现一种方法所需要的。
转到图9,示出便于在对等网络中标识采用可逆函数来编码对等设备发现信号的无线终端(例如,不同无线终端)的方法900。在902处,可跨越一系列对等设备发现间隔接收信号(例如,第一信号)序列,其中这些信号可由不同无线终端使用对等网络中的无线终端所遵循的预定散列函数来生成。该散列函数可约束生成和发送信号序列的不同无线终端(例如,从其获得该信号序列的不同无线终端)。此外,可基于(例如,该发送无线终端的)标识符以及计时器变量(例如与每一对等设备发现间隔相关联的同步时间变量)来生成这些信号。例如,该散列函数可以是线性函数,非线性函数等。在904处,可从跨越一系列的对等设备发现间隔的信号(例如,第一信号)序列导出标识符。该散列函数可以是可逆的;因此,可由接收无线终端从接收到的信号确定对应于生成和发送该信号序列的不同无线终端的标识符。例如,可在R个对等设备发现间隔中获得该标识符,其中R可以是任意整数(例如,小于3、3、小于20……)。
根据另一示例,可同步与这些对等设备发现间隔相关联的时序。特别地,可从一信号源接收信号(例如,第二信号),其中该信号源可以是基站、接入节点、或卫星。例如,可在该对等网络中广播该第二信号。此外,可从该第二信号导出时序信息。因此,该对等网络中的对等设备可标识基本相似的时序信息,因为对等设备评估基本相似的信号(例如,第二信号)。此外,可从所导出的时序信息确定对等设备发现间隔在该系列中的时间位置。
此外,可结合从接收到的信号序列导出标识符来利用计时器变量。例如,可从该信号源接收第三信号。可以预见,该第三信号可以是第二信号和/或可以是与第二信号不同的信号。此外,可从该第三信号导出计时器变量。例如,计时器变量的值可基于预定函数而在连续的对等设备发现间隔之间变化。此外,可使用计时器变量来导出标识符。
应该意识到,每个对等设备发现间隔都可包括多个码元,且每个码元可包括多个频调。此外,这些信号(例如,第一信号)的每一个都可包含一个或多个信标信号。例如,信标信号在一个码元周期可包含一个频调。此外,信标信号的频调的接收功率可比同一码元周期中的其它频调的平均每频调功率高至少5dB。
可根据预定链接约束函数来链接不同对等设备发现间隔中的信号。例如,可确定是否在该系列的每一对等设备发现间隔中是否出现了至少一个信标信号。可估计每一信标信号的码元索引和频调索引。此外,可应用预定的链接约束函数来确定一个对等设备发现间隔中的第一信标信号以及在该系列中不同对等设备发现间隔中的第二信标信号是否与同一标识符相关联。因此,如果确定第一信标信号和第二信标信号与同一标识符相关联,则可使用该第一信标信号和第二信标信号来导出该标识符。例如,该预定链接函数可以是第一信标信号和第二信标信号的码元索引和频调索引必须满足的约束函数。作为进一步说明,该约束函数可以使第一信标信号的码元索引就模而言等于第二信标信号的频调索引或码元索引的至少一个,且模是预定常数。
根据另一示例,可以预见,可至少部分地基于已知标识符的存储列表来确定标识符。例如,可将所导出的标识符与已知标识符的列表进行比较,以确定所导出的标识符是否与已知标识符的任一个相匹配。此外,如果所导出的标识符与一个已知标识符相匹配,则可确定对应无线终端或用户就在附近。
根据另一示例,可基于散列函数生成信号(例如,第四信号)的不同序列;该散列函数可考虑不同标识符(例如,与生成该不同序列的无线终端或使用这种无线终端的用户相关联的第二标识符)和/或计时器变量。根据该示例,可在一系列对等设备发现间隔中(例如,可与获得所接收序列的系列相似或不同)发送该信号的不同序列,以允许这些信号所传送到的不同无线终端确定不同标识符。
现在参照图10,示出便于解码从对等环境中的对等设备获得的信号序列的方法1000。在1002处,在第一对等设备发现间隔期间可检测到第一信号。例如,该信号可以是信标信号。此外,例如,该信号可以是信标信号;因此,在一码元(例如,OFDM码元)上的频调可定位在该第一对等设备发现间隔内。该频调可以是高能量频调(例如,接收到的功率较高)。在1004处,在第二对等设备发现间隔期间可检测到第二信号。可以预见,在第一和/或第二对等设备发现间隔期间还可检测到任意数量的不同信号。在1006处,可基于约束对等环境中对等设备的函数将第一信号与第二信号相链接。例如,该函数可以是用于编码和解码在对等环境中传送的对等设备发现信号的固定的预定规则。应该意识到,基本上任何这种函数(例如,可逆的)都旨在落入所要求保护主题的范围之内。此外,可以链接来自不同对等设备发现间隔的两个以上的信号,以产生对应于发送对等设备的信号序列。根据另一示例,这些信号的每一个都可提供与怎样将该信号与下一信号相关联的信息。在1008处,可从已链接的信号确定对等设备的标识符。根据一示例,这些信号的每一个都可提供与标识符的一部分相关联的信息。作为进一步说明,与这些信号的每一个相关联的数据容量可小于该标识符的大小(例如,每个信号可提供10位的信息,而标识符可以是32位或更大)。
此外,在对等设备发现间隔期间可使用该函数(例如,可逆函数)来编码和发送信号。此外,该函数可允许提供链接相关信息和/或与编码并发送该信号的无线终端的标识符有关的信息。根据说明,无线终端可编码信号,并将该信号发送给对等设备,该信息包含与该无线终端的标识符以及如何链接这些信号相关的信息;该无线终端也可接收来自对等设备的信号,并基于来自接收到的信号的链接信息来解码这些信号,从而确定这些对等设备的标识符。
参照图11,示出便于在对等网络中标识不同无线终端的方法1100。在1102,在对等设备发现间隔中可接收信号(例如,第一信号);该信号可由不同无线终端使用预定散列函数生成。该预定散列函数可以是不可逆的;然而应该意识到,也可采用可逆函数。例如,该信号可以是信标信号。此外,由于可使用不可逆函数来产生该信号,可能无法直接计算出与用于生成该信号的不同无线终端相关联的标识符。此外,可对该信号进行分析以确定包含所择码元和所择频调的坐标对。在1104处,可使用来自存储列表的至少一个已知标识符基于预定散列函数来生成期望信号。例如,用于产生所生成的期望信号的预定散列函数可基本上类似于不同无线终端用来生成该信号的预定散列函数。根据说明,预定散列函数可考虑已知标识符的列表(例如,伙伴列表)和/或与对等设备发现间隔相关联的时间(例如,计时器变量)。已知标识符可预先存储在无线终端的存储器中。在1106处,可将接收到的信号与所生成的期望信号进行比较以确定该不同无线终端就在附近。该不同无线终端可对应于用于生成期望信号的已知标识符。例如,可生成多个期望信号,可识别期望信号中与接收到的信号相匹配的一个。此外,可使用概率度将对应于匹配期望信号的对等设备确定为信号源(例如,不同无线终端)。此外,如果在不同对等设备发现间隔期间该对等设备与接收到的信号重复匹配,则可向该对等设备分配较高概率。此外,与接收到的信号相关联的能级可影响概率;因此,与所接收信号的低能级相比,所接收信号的高能级可对应于更高的概率。根据进一步的示例,可使用预定散列函数来生成不同信号,且可在对等网络上发送这一不同信号用于在不同对等设备处的相似比较。
根据另一示例,可同步与对等设备发现间隔相关联的时序。特别地,可从信号源接收信号(例如,第二信号),其中该信号源可以是基站、接入节点、或卫星。例如,可在对等网络上广播第二信号。此外,可从第二信号导出时序信息。因此,对等网络中的对等设备可标识基本相似的时序信息,因为对等设备评估基本上相似的信号(例如,第二信号)。此外,可从导出的时序信息确定对等设备发现间隔在系列中的时间位置。
此外,可结合从接收到的信号序列中导出标识符而利用计时器变量。例如,可从该信号源接收第三信号。可以预见,第三信号可以是第二信号和/或可以是不同于第二信号的信号。此外,可从第三信号导出计时器变量。例如,计时器变量的值可基于预定函数而在连续对等设备发现间隔之间变化。此外,可使用该计时器变量来生成期望信号。
应该意识到,每个对等设备发现间隔都可包括多个码元,且每个码元可包括多个频调。此外,这些信号(例如,第一信号)的每一个都可包含一个或多个信标信号。例如,信标信号可在一个码元周期中包含一个频调。此外,信标信号的频调的接收功率可比同一码元周期中的其它频调的平均每频调功率高至少5dB。
可使用保留在存储器中的已知标识符来生成期望信号。例如,可对在对等设备发现间隔中是否存在至少一个信标信号进行判定。此外,可以估计所接收信标的码元索引和频调索引。因此,生成期望信号还可包括基于预定散列函数使用已知标识符的至少一个和计时器变量来计算期望信号(例如,期望的信标信号)的码元索引和频调索引。此外,可向对应于用于生成该期望信号的已知标识符的不同无线终端就在附近的概率分配一值(例如,大于零)。
此外,可对概率进行调节。例如,在另一对等设备发现间隔(例如,第二对等设备发现间隔)期间可接收信号(例如,第四信号),其中第四信号可由该不同无线终端使用预定散列函数生成。此外,第一和第二对等设备发现间隔可彼此不同。可使用已知标识符基于预定散列函数生成期望信号。此外,可将接收到的信号与所生成的期望信号进行比较。随后,如果比较结果表明接收到的第四信号基本类似于所生成的期望信号且如果概率小于1,则可增加对应于该已知标识符的无线终端就在附近的概率值。此外,如果比较结果表明接收到的第四信号不同于所生成的期望信号,则可减少对应于该已知标识符的无线终端就在附近的概率值。
作为进一步示例,可评估接收到的第一信号的能级。可基于该能级来确定概率值。
现转到图12,示出便于分析在对等设备发现间隔期间在对等网络中获得的信号的方法1200。在1202处,在对等设备发现间隔期间可检测到多个信号。例如,多个信号可以是由对等设备(例如,已知或未知的)发送的对等设备发现信号和/或噪声。在1204处,可基于保留在存储器中的已知标识符以及与该对等设备发现间隔相关联的计时器变量使用预定散列函数(例如,不可逆函数)来导出期望信号。例如,可在存储器中保留对应于已知对等设备(例如,伙伴对等设备)的已知标识符的列表。根据说明,可确定期望频调-期望码元对。在1206处,可将多个检测到的信号与期望信号进行比较。在1208处,当检测到的信号之一与期望信号之一相匹配时,确定第一已知对等设备位于对等网络中。在1210处,当检测到的信号与对应于第二已知对等设备的期望信号不匹配时,则第二已知对等设备被确定为位于对等网络之外。在1212处,如果所检测到的信号与对应于已知标识符中任一个的期望信号不相匹配,则可丢弃这些所检测到的信号中的一个或多个。
应该意识到,根据本文所述的一个或多个方面,关于在对等环境中发现和标识对等设备,可以作出推论。如本文所使用的,术语“推断”或“推论”一般是指,根据经由事件和/或数据捕捉的观测集而推理或推断系统、环境、和/或用户的状态的过程。例如,可使用推论来标识具体上下文或动作,或可在状态上生成概率分布。推论可以是概率的-即,基于数据和时间因素而计算感兴趣的状态上的概率分布。推论也可以指代用于从一组事件和/或数据中构成更高级事件的技术。这种推论导致从一组观察到的事件和/或已存储事件数据构建新事件或动作,无论这些事件在时间上是否紧密相关,也无论这些事件和数据是来自一个还是来自多个事件和数据源。
根据示例,上述一种或多种方法可包括作出涉及在对等网络中标识对等设备发现信号源的推论。根据另一示例,可以与基于与关联于所检测信号的期望信号格式和/或能级相匹配的多个所检测信号来估计对等设备位于附近的概率相关地作出推论。应该意识到,以上示例本质上是说明性的而非旨在限制可作出推论的数量或可结合本文所述的各种实施例和/或方法而作出这种推论所采用的方式。
图13示出根据各方面实现的包括多个小区:小区I 1302、小区M 1304的示例通信系统1300。注意,如小区边界区域1368所指示的,相邻小区1302与1304稍有交叠,从而造成在相邻小区中由基站发送的信号之间信号干扰的可能性。系统1300的每个小区1302、1304包括三个扇区。根据各方面,未被细分成多个扇区的小区(N=1),具有两个扇区的小区(N=2)以及具有多于3个扇区的小区(N>3)都是可能的。小区1302包括第一扇区(扇区1310)、第二扇区(扇区II 1312)、以及第三扇区(即扇区III 1314)。每个扇区1310、1312、以及1314具有两个小区边界区域;每个边界区域由两个邻近扇区共享。
扇区边界区域提供在相邻扇区中由基站发送的信号之间信号干扰的可能性。线1316表示扇区I 1310与扇区II 1312之间的扇区边界区域;线1318表示扇区II 1312与扇区III 1314之间的扇区边界区域;线1320表示扇区III 1314与扇区I 1310之间的扇区边界区域。类似地,小区M 1304包括第一扇区(扇区I 1322)、第二扇区(扇区II 1324)、以及第三扇区(即扇区III 1326)。线1328表示扇区I 1322与扇区II 1324之间的扇区边界区域;线1330表示扇区II 1324与扇区III 1326之间的扇区边界区域;线1332表示扇区III 1326与扇区I1322之间的扇区边界区域。小区I 1302包括基站(BS),即基站I 1306,以及在每个扇区1310、1312、1314中的多个端节点(EN)(例如,无线终端)。扇区I 1310包括分别经由无线链路1340、1342耦合到BS 1306的EN(1)1336以及EN(X)1338;扇区II 1312包括分别经由无线链路1348、1350耦合到BS 1306的EN(1’)1344以及EN(X’)1346;扇区III 1312包括分别经由无线链路1356、1358耦合到BS 1306的EN(1”)1352以及EN(X”)1354。类似地,小区M 1304包括基站M 1308、以及在每个扇区1322、1324、1326中的多个端节点(EN)。扇区I 1322包括分别经由无线链路1340’、1342’耦合到BS M 1308的EN(1)1336’以及EN(X)1338’;扇区II1324包括分别经由无线链路1348’、1350’耦合到BS M1308的EN(1’)1344’以及EN(X’)1346’;扇区31326包括分别经由无线链路1356’、1358’耦合到BS M 1308的EN(1”)1352’以及EN(X”)1354’。
系统1300还包括分别经由网络链路1362、1364耦合到BS I 1306以及BS M 1308的网络节点1360。网络节点1360也经由网络链路1366耦合到其它网络节点,例如,其它基站、AAA服务器节点、中间节点、路由器等以及因特网。网络链路1362、1364、1366可以是,例如光纤缆线。每个端节点,例如,EN(1)1336可以是包括发送器和接收器的无线终端。诸如EN(1)1336的无线终端可移动通过系统1300并可经由无线链路与该EN当前所在的小区中的基站进行通信。诸如EN(1)1336的无线终端(WT)可经由诸如BS 1306的基站和/或网络节点1360与诸如系统1300中或系统1300外部的其它WT的对等设备节点进行通信。诸如EN(1)1336的WT可以是诸如蜂窝电话、具有无线调制解调器的个人数字助理等移动通信设备。相应基站对带状码元(strip-symbol)周期使用一方法来执行频调子集分配,该方法不同于用于在诸如非带状码元周期的其余码元周期中分配频调和确定频调跳变的方法。无线终端使用该频调子集分配方法以及从基站接收到的信息(例如,基站斜率ID、扇区ID信息)来确定它们在特定带状码元周期接收数据和信息所使用的频调。根据各方面,构建频调子集分配序列以扩展跨越相应频调的扇区间和小区间的干扰。
通信系统1300也可支持局域对等通信。例如,可以对局域对等通信和经由广域网(例如,蜂窝基础设施网络)的通信两者使用共同频谱。无线终端可经由诸如对等网络1370、1372以及1374等局域对等网络与其它对等设备进行通信。虽然示出三个对等网络1370-1374,但是应该意识到,可支持任意数量、大小、形状等的对等网络。例如,每个对等网络1370-1374可支持无线终端之间的直接信号传送。此外,每个对等网络1370-1374可包括在类似地理范围内(例如,在彼此范围之内)的无线终端。例如,EN(1)1336可通过局域对等网络1370与EN(X)1338进行通信。然而,应该意识到,无线终端无需与相同的扇区和/或小区相关联从而包括在共同对等网络中。此外,对等网络可以交叠(例如,EN(X’)1346可利用对等网络1372和1374)。此外,无线终端可能得不到对等网络的支持。无线终端可在两者交叠之处使用广域网和/或对等网络(例如,同时或顺序地)。此外,无线终端可无缝地切换或同时使用这些网络。因此,无论是发送和/或接收,无线终端都可以选择性地使用这些网络中的一个或多个来优化通信。
图14示出根据各方面的示例基站1400。基站1400实现频调子集分配序列,对小区的相应不同扇区类型生成不同的频调子集分配序列。基站1400可用作图13的系统1300的基站1306、1308中的任一个。基站1400包括由总线1409耦合在一起的接收器1402、发送器1404、诸如CPU的处理器1406、输入/输出接口1408以及存储器1410,各种元件1402、1404、1406、1408、以及1410可在总线1409上交换数据和信息。
耦合到接收器1402的扇区天线1403用于接收来自该基站小区内各扇区的无线终端传输的数据以及其它信号,例如,信道报告。耦合到发送器1404的扇区天线1405可用于向该基站小区内各扇区中的无线终端1500(参见图15)发送数据以及其它信号,例如,控制信号、导频信号、信标信号等。在各方面中,基站1400可采用多个接收器1402以及多个发送器1404,例如,用于每一扇区的独立接收器1402以及用于每一扇区的独立发送器1404。处理器1406可以是,例如,通用中央处理单元(CPU)。处理器1406在存储在存储器1410中的一个或多个例程1418的引导下控制基站1400的操作并实现这些方法。I/O总线1408提供到其它网络节点的连接,将BS1400耦合到其它基站、访问路由器、AAA服务器节点等、其它网络、以及因特网。存储器1410包括例程1418以及数据/信息1420。
数据/信息1420包括数据1436、包括下行链路带状码元时间信息1440以及下行频调信息1442的频调子集分配序列信息1438、以及包括多个WT信息集合(WT 1信息1446以及WT N信息1460)的无线终端(WT)数据/信息1444。每个WT信息集合,例如,WT 1信息1446包括数据1448、终端ID 1450、扇区ID 1452、上行链路信道信息1454、下行链路信道信息1456、以及模式信息1458。
例程1418包括通信例程1422以及基站控制例程1424。基站控制例程1424包括调度器模块1426以及信令例程1428,信令例程1428包括用于带状码元周期的频调子集分配例程1430、用于其余码元周期(例如,非带状码元周期)的其它下行频调子集分配例程1432、以及信标例程1434。
数据1436包括将被发送到发送器1404的编码器用于在传输到WT之前进行编码的待发送数据、以及在接收后已经由接收器1402的解码器1412处理的来自WT的接收数据。下行链路带状码元时间信息1440包括诸如超时隙(superslot)、信标时隙、以及过时隙(ultraslot)结构信息的帧同步结构信息,以及指定给定码元周期是否是带状码元周期(如果是,还包括该带状码元周期的索引)、以及该带状码元是否是截短基站所使用的频调子集分配序列的重置点的信息。下行频调信息1442包括以下信息:分配给基站1400的载波频率、频调的数量和频率、将要分配给带状码元周期的一组频调子集、以及诸如斜率、斜率索引以及扇区类型等其它小区和扇区专用值。
数据1448可包括WT11500已经从对等设备节点接收到的数据、WT11500期望发送到对等设备节点的数据、以及下行链路信道质量报告反馈信息。终端ID 1450是基站1400分配的标识WT11500的ID。扇区ID 1452包括标识其中WT11500正在操作的扇区的信息。扇区ID1452可用于,例如,确定扇区类型。上行信道信息1454包括已经由调度器1426分配给WT11500使用的信道片断的信息,例如,用于数据的上行通信量信道片断、用于请求的专用上行链路控制信道、功率控制、时序控制等。分配给WT11500的每个上行信道都包括一个或多个逻辑频调,每个逻辑频调跟随上行链路跳变序列。下行信道信息1456包括标识已经由调度器1426分配给WT11500的用于承载数据和/或信息的信道片断的信息,例如,用于用户数据的下行通信量信道片断。分配给WT11500的每个下行信道都包括一个或多个逻辑频调,其每个都跟随下行链路跳变序列。模式信息1458包括标识WT11500的操作状态(诸如睡眠、维持、打开)的信息。
通信例程1422控制基站1400以执行各种通信操作以及实现各种通信协议。基站控制例程1424用于控制基站1400以执行基本基站功能任务,例如,信号生成和接收、调度,以及实现某些方面的方法步骤,包括在带状码元周期期间使用频调子集分配序列向无线终端发送信号。
信令例程1428控制具有自身解码器1412的接收器1402以及具有自身编码器1414的发送器1404的操作。信令例程1428负责控制发送数据1436以及控制信息的生成。频调子集分配例程1430使用该方面的方法以及使用包括下行带状码元时间信息1440和扇区ID1452的数据/信息1420来构建在带状码元周期中使用的频调子集。对于小区中每个扇区类型以及邻近小区,下行链路频调子集分配序列会不同。WT 1500根据该下行链路频调子集分配序列在带状码元周期内接收信号;基站1400使用相同的下行链路频调子集分配序列以生成发送信号。其它下行链路频调分配跳变例程1432使用包括下行链路频调信号1442、以及下行链路信道信息1456的信息对除带状码元周期之外的码元周期构建下行链路频调跳变序列。跨越一个小区的各扇区对下行链路数据频调跳变序列进行同步。信标例程1434控制信标信号的传输,例如,集中在一个或少数几个频调上相对高功率信号的信号,这可用于同步目的,例如,同步下行链路信号的帧时序结构,且因此频调子集分配序列是相对过时隙边界。
图15示出可用作图13中所示系统1300的诸如EN(1)1336的无线终端(例如,端节点、移动设备……)中任一个的示例无线终端(例如,端节点、移动设备……)。无线终端1500实现频调子集分配序列。无线终端1500包括由总线1510耦合到一起的包括解码器1512的接收器1502、包括编码器1514的发送器1504、处理器1506、以及存储器1508,各元件1502、1504、1506、1508可在总线1510上交换数据和信息。用于接收来自基站1400(和/或不同无线终端)的天线1503耦合到接收器1502。用于向例如基站1400(和/或不同无线终端)发送信号的天线1505耦合到发送器1504。
处理器1506(例如,CPU)通过执行例程1520以及使用存储器1508中的数据/信息1522来控制无线终端1500的操作并实现各种方法。
数据/信息1522包括用户数据1534、用户信息1536、频调子集分配序列信息1550、以及标识符1556。用户数据1534可包括被路由到编码器1514用于在由发送器1504发送到基站1400之前进行编码的旨在对等设备节点的数据,以及从基站1400接收到的已经由接收器1502中的解码器1512处理的数据。用户信息1536包括上行链路信道信息1538、下行链路信道信息1540、终端ID信息1542、基站ID信息1544、扇区ID信息1546、以及模式信息1548。上行链路信道信息1538包括用于标识由基站1400分配给无线终端1500以在向基站1400发送时使用的上行链路信道片断的信息。上行链路信道可包括上行链路通信量信道、专用上行链路控制信道,例如,请求信道、功率控制信道以及时序控制信道。每一上行链路信道包括一个或多个逻辑频调,每一逻辑频调跟随一上行链路频调跳变序列。上行链路跳变序列在小区的每个扇区类型之间以及相邻小区之间是不同的。下行链路信道信息1540包括用于标识由基站1400分配给WT 1500以在BS 1400向WT 1500发送数据/信息时使用的下行链路信道片断的信息。下行链路信道可包括下行链路通信量信道和分配信道,每一下行链路信道包括一个或多个逻辑频调,每一逻辑频调跟随在该小区的每个扇区之间同步的下行链路频调跳变序列。
用户信息1536还包括作为基站1400分配标识的终端ID信息1542,标识WT与其建立通信的具体基站1400的基站ID信息1544、以及标识WT 1500目前所处的小区中特定扇区的扇区ID信息1546。基站ID 1544提供小区斜率值以及扇区ID信息1546提供扇区索引类型;该小区斜率值和扇区索引类型可用于导出频调跳变序列。也包括在用户信息1536中的模式信息1548标识WT 1500是处于睡眠模式、维持模式、还是打开模式。
频调子集分配序列信息1550包括下行链路带状码元时间信息1552以及下行链路频调信息1554。下行链路带状码元时间信息1552包括诸如超时隙、信标时隙、以及过时隙结构信息的帧同步结构信息,和指定给定码元周期是否是带状码元周期(如果是,则还包括带状码元周期的索引)、以及该带状码元是否是截短基站所使用的频调子集分配序列的重置点的信息。下行链路频调信息1554包括以下信息:分配给基站1400的载波频率、频调的数量和频率、要被分配给带状码元周期的一组频调子集、以及诸如斜率、斜率索引以及扇区类型的其它小区和扇区专用值。
例程1520包括通信例程1524、无线终端控制例程1526、同步例程1528、信号生成/广播例程1530、以及检测例程1532。通信例程1524控制WT 1500所使用的各种通信协议。例如,通信例程1524可允许经由广域网(例如,与基站1400)和/或局域网对等网络(例如,直接与不同无线终端)进行通信。作为进一步的示例,通信例程1524可允许接收广播信号(例如,从基站1400的)。无线终端控制例程1526控制基本无线终端1500功能,包括接收器1502和发送器1504的控制。同步例程1528控制将无线终端1500同步到所接收的信号(例如,来自基站1400的)。对等网络内的对等设备也可以同步到该信号。例如,所接收到的信号可以是信标、PN(伪随机)序列信号、导频信号等。此外,可周期性地获得该信号,并使用对等设备已知的协议(例如,与同步例程1528相关联的)来标识对应于不同功能(例如,对等设备发现、寻呼、通信量)的间隔。信号生成/广播例程1530控制生成用于在所标识的对等设备发现间隔期间发送的消息。可基于一协议(例如,与信号生成/广播例程1530相关联的)来选择与该消息相关联的码元和/或频调。此外,信号生成/广播例程1530可控制将该消息发送给对等网络中的对等设备。信号生成/广播例程1530可基于标识符1556使用可逆函数或不可逆函数来传送对等设备发现信号。检测例程1532基于在所标识的对等设备发现间隔期间接收到的消息来控制对等设备的检测和标识。检测例程1532可使用与信号生成/广播例程1530类似的函数(例如,可逆的、不可逆的)来确定对等设备的身份。此外,检测例程1532可至少部分地基于保留在伙伴对等设备列表(例如,当使用不可逆函数时包含在存储器1508的数据/消息1522中)中的信息来标识对等设备。
参照图16,示出允许与对等网络中的对等设备发现信号相结合地使用可逆函数的系统1600。例如,系统1600可至少部分地驻留在无线终端中。应该意识到,系统1600被示为包括功能块,它们可以是表示由处理器、软件、或其组合(例如,固件)所实现的功能的功能块。系统1600包括可协作的电子组件的逻辑分组1602。例如,逻辑分组1602可包括用于跨越一系列对等设备发现间隔来接收信号序列的电子组件1604,这些信号由对等设备使用对等网络中的对等设备所遵循的预定散列函数来生成。例如,该预定散列函数可以是能够基于标识符和/或计时器变量值(例如,与对等设备发现间隔的时间相关联)来生成该信号序列的可逆函数。此外,逻辑分组1602可包括用于从跨越一系列对等设备发现间隔的信号序列中导出标识符的电子组件1606。根据一示例,这些信号中的每个都可包含涉及将该信号与该序列中其它信号相链接的信息和/或与该标识符的一部分相关的信息。此外,可跨越对等设备发现间隔来生成不同信号序列和/或将其发送给对等设备。此外,系统1600可包括保留用于执行与电子组件1604以及1606相关联功能的指令的存储器1608。虽然被示为在存储器1608外部,但是应该理解,存储器1608中可以存在电子组件1604和1606中的一个或多个。
参照图17,示出能够与编码和/或解码对等网络中的对等设备发现信号相结合地使用不可逆函数的系统1700。例如,系统1700可至少部分地驻留在无线终端中。应该意识到,系统1700被示为包括功能块,它们可以是表示由处理器、软件、或其组合(例如,固件)所实现的功能的功能块。系统1700包括可协作的电子组件的逻辑分组1702。例如,逻辑分组1702可包括用于在对等设备发现间隔中接收信号的电子组件1704,该信号由对等设备使用预定散列函数而生成。例如,该预定散列函数可以是在该对等网络中公知和通用的不可逆函数。此外,逻辑分组1702可包括用于基于该预定散列函数使用来自所存储列表的至少一个已知标识符来生成期望信号的电子组件1706。此外,逻辑分组1702可包括用于将所接收到的信号与所生成信号进行比较以确定对等设备就在附近的电子组件1708。例如,此外,系统1700可包括保留用于执行与电子组件1704、1706、以及1708相关联功能的指令的存储器1710。虽然被示为在存储器1710外部,但是应该理解,存储器1710中可以存在电子组件1704、1706、以及1708中的一个或多个。
应该理解,本文所述的各实施例可在硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微码、或其任意组合中实现。对于硬件实现,这些处理单元可以在以下各项中实现:一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、设计成执行本文所述功能的其它电子单元、或其组合。
当这些实施例在软件、固件、中间件或微码、程序代码或代码片断中实现时,可将它们存储在诸如存储组件之类的机器可读介质中。代码片断可表示过程、功能、子程序、程序、例程、子例程、模块、软件包、类、或指令的任意组合、数据结构、或程序语句。可通过传递和/或接收信息、数据、自变量、参数或存储器内容,将代码片断耦合到另一代码片断或硬件电路。可使用包括存储器共享、消息传递、令牌传递、网络传输等任意合适方式来传递、转发、或发送信息、自变量、参数、数据等。
对于软件实现,可使用执行本文所述功能的模块(例如,过程、功能等)来实现本文所述的技术。软件代码可存储在存储器单元中并由处理器执行。存储器单元可在处理器内部或处理器外部实现,在这种情况下,可经由本领域已知的各种方式将其通信地耦合到该处理器。
以上描述包括一个或多个实施例的示例。当然,不可能为了描述上述实施例而描述所有可构想到的组件或方法的组合,但本领域普通技术人员可认识到,各实施例的许多进一步组合和排列都是可能的。因此,所述实施例旨在涵盖所有落入所附权利要求的精神和范围内的改变、修改以及变化。此外,就详细描述或权利要求中所使用的术语“包含”而言,这一术语以与术语“包括”类似的方式旨在包括性的,如同“包括”在权利要求中作为连接词时所解读的一样。
Claims (30)
1.一种在对等网络中操作通信设备的方法,包括:
在所述对等网络中发生的一系列对等设备发现间隔的第一对等设备发现间隔中接收第一对等设备发现信号,其中所述第一对等设备发现信号由第一无线终端使用预定散列函数生成;
基于所述预定散列函数使用来自已知标识符存储列表的已知标识符来生成期望信号,所述预定散列函数使用所述已知标识符以及与所述第一对等设备发现信号被接收的所述第一对等设备发现间隔相对应的散列函数输入值作为输入,所述散列函数输入值作为连续的对等设备发现间隔之间的时间的函数而变化;以及
生成第一值,所述第一值是与用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符相对应的无线终端就在所述通信设备附近的概率,所述生成第一值包括将所接收到的第一对等设备发现信号与所生成的期望信号进行比较以确定与所述已知标识符相对应的所述第一无线终端就在附近。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述第一无线终端对应于用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符;以及
生成第一值包括:将所述第一值作为所接收到的第一对等设备发现信号的能级的函数来生成,所生成的第一值针对第一能级比针对低于所述第一能级的第二能级高。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
接收来自信号源的第二信号,其中所述信号源包括基站、接入节点、或卫星中的一个;
从所述第二信号导出时序信息;
从所导出的时序信息确定所述对等设备发现间隔的时间位置;
其中作为时间的函数发生变化的所述散列函数输入值是计时器变量,所述方法进一步包括:
接收来自所述信号源的第三信号;以及
从所述第三信号导出所述计时器变量,其中所述计时器变量的值基于预定函数在两个连续对等设备发现间隔之间发生变化。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对等设备发现间隔的每一个包括多个码元,且所述多个码元的每一个包括多个频调,且所述第一对等设备发现信号包括一个或多个信标信号,其中每个信标信号在一个码元周期中包括一个频调,且所述一个频调的接收功率比所述同一码元周期中其它频调的平均每频调功率高至少5dB。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
确定在所述第一对等设备发现间隔中存在至少一个信标信号;
估计所述至少一个信标信号的码元索引以及频调索引;
基于所述预定散列函数使用所述已知标识符和所述计时器变量中的至少一者来计算信标信号的期望码元索引和期望频调索引。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一值大于0。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
在第二对等设备发现间隔中接收第二对等设备发现信号,其中所述第二对等设备发现信号由另一无线终端使用所述预定散列函数生成,所述第二对等设备发现间隔不同于所述第一对等设备发现间隔;
使用所述已知标识符基于所述预定散列函数生成第二期望信号;
将接收到的第二对等设备发现信号与所生成的第二期望信号进行比较;
如果i)比较结果表明接收到的第二对等设备发现信号基本类似于所生成的期望第二期望信号且ii)所述概率小于1,则增大对应于所述已知标识符的无线终端就在附近的所述概率的第一值;以及
如果比较结果表明接收到的第二信号不同于所生成的第二期望信号,则减少对应于所述已知标识符的所述无线终端就在附近的所述概率的第一值。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括:
评估所接收到的第一对等设备发现信号的能级;以及
基于所述能级确定所述概率的第一值。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括,在接收到的第一对等设备发现信号匹配于与已知对等设备的所述已知标识符相对应的所生成的期望信号时,确定所述已知对等设备在所述对等网络内。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括,在接收到的第一对等设备发现信号不匹配于与已知对等设备的所述已知标识符相对应的所生成的期望信号时,确定所述已知对等设备在所述对等网络之外。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,进一步包括,如果接收到的第一信号不匹配于与所述已知标识符中的任何一个相对应的所生成的期望信号,则丢弃接收到的第一对等设备发现信号。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述第一无线终端是移动手持设备。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对等设备发现间隔是其间所述对等网络中的无线终端检测和标识彼此的间隔。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,作为时间的函数发生变化的所述散列函数输入值在所述第一对等设备发现间隔期间保持恒定。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,作为时间的函数发生变化的所述散列函数输入值从所述对等设备发现间隔序列的一个对等设备发现间隔到下一个对等设备发现间隔变化。
16.一种无线通信设备,其在对等网络中实现与编码和/或解码对等设备发现信号有关的不可逆函数,所述无线通信设备包括:
用于在第一对等设备发现间隔中接收第一对等设备发现信号的装置,所述第一对等设备发现信号由第一无线终端使用预定散列函数生成;
用于基于所述预定散列函数使用来自存储列表的已知标识符来生成期望信号的装置,所述预定散列函数使用所述已知标识符以及与所述第一对等设备发现信号被接收的所述第一对等设备发现间隔相对应的散列函数输入值作为输入,所述散列函数输入值作为连续的对等设备发现间隔之间的时间的函数而变化;以及
用于生成第一值的装置,所述第一值是与用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符相对应的无线终端就在所述通信设备附近的概率,所述用于生成第一值的装置包括用于将接收到的信号与所生成的信号进行比较以确定与所述已知标识符相对应的所述无线终端就在附近的装置。
17.如权利要求16所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,
所述第一无线终端对应于用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符;以及
生成第一值包括:将所述第一值作为所接收到的第一对等设备发现信号的能级的函数来生成,所生成的第一值针对第一能级比针对低于所述第一能级的第二能级高。
18.如权利要求16所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,进一步包括,用于根据从基站、接入节点、或卫星中的一个或多个接收到的第二信号导出时序信息、以及从所导出的时序信息确定这一对等设备发现间隔的时间位置的装置;
作为时间的函数发生变化的所述散列函数输入值是计时器变量,所述无线通信设备进一步包括:
用于根据从所述基站、所述接入节点、或所述卫星中的所述一个或多个接收的第三信号来导出在两个连续对等设备发现间隔之间发生变化的计时器变量的装置。
19.如权利要求18所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,这一对等设备发现间隔包括多个码元,且所述多个码元的每一个包括多个频调,且所述第一对等设备发现信号包括一个或多个信标信号,其中每个信标信号在一个码元周期中包括一个频调,且所述一个频调的接收功率比所述同一码元周期中其它频调的平均每频调功率高至少5dB。
20.如权利要求19所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,进一步包括:
用于估计所述第一对等设备发现信号中所包括的接收到的信标信号的码元索引和频调索引的装置;以及
用于基于所述预定散列函数使用所述已知标识符和所述计时器变量中的至少一者来计算期望码元索引和期望频调索引的装置。
21.如权利要求16所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一值大于0。
22.如权利要求16所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,进一步包括,用于基于重复的匹配来改变所述概率的值的装置。
23.如权利要求21所述的无线通信设备,其特征在于,进一步包括,用于基于接收到的能级来指派所述概率的值的装置。
24.一种非瞬态机器可读介质,其存储用于在对等网络中控制通信设备的机器可执行指令,所述机器可执行指令在被计算机执行时用于:
使用预定散列函数获得由第一无线终端生成的第一对等设备发现信号;
基于所述预定散列函数使用来自已知标识符列表的已知标识符来生成期望信号,所述预定散列函数使用所述已知标识符以及与所述第一对等设备发现信号被接收的所述第一对等设备发现间隔相对应的散列函数输入值作为输入,所述散列函数输入值作为连续的对等设备发现间隔之间的时间的函数发生变化;以及
生成第一值,所述第一值是与用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符相对应的无线终端就在所述通信设备附近的概率,所述生成第一值包括将所获得的信号与所生成的期望信号进行比较以确定与所述已知标识符相对应的所述无线终端就在附近。
25.如权利要求24所述的非瞬态机器可读介质,其特征在于,
所述第一无线终端对应于用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符;以及
生成第一值包括:将所述第一值作为所接收到的第一对等设备发现信号的能级的函数来生成,所生成的第一值针对第一能级比针对低于所述第一能级的第二能级高。
26.如权利要求25所述的非瞬态机器可读介质,其特征在于,进一步存储在被所述计算机执行时用于控制所述通信设备基于接收到的时序信息确定所述信号被获得的对等设备发现间隔的时间位置的机器可执行指令;
其中作为时间的函数发生变化的所述散列函数输入值是计时器变量,所述非瞬态机器可读介质进一步存储在被所述计算机执行时用于控制所述通信设备确定在连续对等设备发现间隔之间变化的所述计时器变量的机器可执行指令。
27.如权利要求26所述的非瞬态机器可读介质,其特征在于,所述概率大于0。
28.如权利要求26所述的非瞬态机器可读介质,其特征在于,进一步存储在被所述计算机执行时用于控制所述通信设备执行以下操作的机器可执行指令:在所获得的第一对等设备发现信号匹配于与来自所述列表的已知对等设备的所述已知标识符相对应的所生成的期望信号时,确定所述已知对等设备在所述对等网络内。
29.如权利要求26所述的非瞬态机器可读介质,其特征在于,进一步存储在被所述计算机执行时用于控制所述通信设备执行以下操作的机器可执行指令:在所获得的第一对等设备发现信号未能匹配于与已知对等设备的所述已知标识符相对应的所生成的期望信号时,确定所述已知对等设备在所述对等网络之外。
30.一种无线通信系统中的装置,包括:
处理器,其配置成:
在对等网络中发生的一系列对等设备发现间隔的一对等设备发现间隔中检测第一对等设备发现信号,其中所述第一对等设备发现信号由第一无线终端使用预定的散列函数生成,
基于所述预定散列函数使用来自已知标识符存储列表的已知标识符来生成期望信号,所述预定散列函数使用所述已知标识符以及与所述第一对等设备发现信号被接收的所述第一对等设备发现间隔相对应的散列函数输入值作为输入,所述散列函数输入值作为连续的对等设备发现间隔之间的时间的函数发生变化;以及
生成第一值,所述第一值是与用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符相对应的无线终端就在所述通信设备附近的概率,所述处理器进一步配置成将所述第一对等设备发现信号与所生成的期望信号进行比较以确定与所述已知标识符相对应的所述无线终端就在附近,其中所述第一无线终端对应于用于生成所述期望信号的所述已知标识符。
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ANONYMOUS HANDSHAKES IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS;Yanchao Zhang等;《MILCOM 2004 - 2004 IEEE Military Communications Conference》;20040403;全文 * |
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