TWI387272B - 認知通訊 - Google Patents

認知通訊 Download PDF

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TWI387272B
TWI387272B TW096101104A TW96101104A TWI387272B TW I387272 B TWI387272 B TW I387272B TW 096101104 A TW096101104 A TW 096101104A TW 96101104 A TW96101104 A TW 96101104A TW I387272 B TWI387272 B TW I387272B
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resources
communication
user
communication phase
subscriber station
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TW200814797A (en
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Rajiv Laroia
Frank Lane
Junyi Li
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0016—Time-frequency-code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/244—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update using a network of reference devices, e.g. beaconing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0032—Distributed allocation, i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices, each making partial allocation
    • H04L5/0035—Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04W8/00—Network data management
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
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    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04W28/04—Error control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
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    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/14—Direct-mode setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Description

認知通訊
下列說明書一般而言係關於無線通訊，且更特定言之係關於橫跨複數個器件、服務及平台提供用於無縫轉換通訊之認知通訊。
無線通訊系統已變成全世界大多數人們藉此實現通訊之一普遍手段。無線通訊器件已變得越來越小且越來越強大，以便滿足消費者需求，改良便可攜性及便利性。行動器件(例如蜂巢式電話)中處理功率的增加已導致對無線網路發射系統要求的增加。
一典型無線通訊網路(例如採用分頻、分時及分碼技術)包括提供一覆蓋區域的一或更多基地台及可在該覆蓋區域內發送並接收資料之一或多個行動(例如無線)終端。一典型基地台可並行地發送多個資料流用於廣播、多播及/或單播服務，其中一資料流係對一行動終端而言有獨立接收興趣之一資料流。在該基地台之覆蓋區域內的一行動終端可以對接收該複合流所載送之一、多個或全部資料流有興趣。同樣地，一行動終端可向該基地台或另外基地台發射資料。
此外，許多器件類型、服務及架構(例如蜂巢式電話、汽車電話、網際網路協定上的語音(VOIP)、WiFi、以網路為主的通訊、傳統類比電話、全球定位系統(GPS)、許多通訊服務提供者、各種通訊協定等)可供消費者使用，故經常需要使用者採用該些器件類型、服務及架構之一子集以完全發揮其相關功能性。然而，維持此類多數器件及服務可能令使用者感到挫折且不方便，尤其在試圖在其中進行切換時。
下列呈現一或多個方面之一簡化發明內容以便提供此類方面之一基本瞭解。此發明內容非全部涵蓋方面之一廣泛概略，且既不用於識別所有方面之主要或關鍵組件，也不用於描繪任一或全部方面之範疇。其唯一目的係為了以一簡化方式呈現一或多個方面之某些概念，作為稍後呈現之更多詳細說明之一前奏。
依據各種方面，橫跨各種資源(例如，蜂巢式電話、汽車電話、網際網路協定上的語音(VOIP)、WiFi、以網路為主的通訊、傳統類比電話、全球定位系統(GPS)、許多通訊服務提供者、各種通訊協定、服務等)係提供無縫轉換通訊階段用以發揮其相關功能並減輕使用者必需結束一通訊階段，並開始另一階段以便利用不同組的可用資源。
依據一方面，一種無線資料發送方法包含結合一通訊階段決定使用者設備之目前狀態或推斷未來狀態；感應可用資源；並作為該已決定或已推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數來將通訊階段從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源。在上述感應步驟中已偵測到複數個資源可供使用之情況中，該方法進一步包含比較該等偵測到的資源，然後選擇使用該等偵測到的資源之一者用於通訊階段或作為上述比較結果之一函數來將通訊階段從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源。可基於一成本效益分析來進行該比較，其中成本可由通訊階段所需之功率及帶寬以及使用頻譜之成本來測量，使用頻率成本可由信號品質、干擾位準、流量擁塞位準及服務策略來決定，而效益可由通信階段之服務品質(例如資料速率、潛時、可靠性等)來測量。
依據另一方面，一種無線資料發送方法包含使用一第一組資源建立一第一通訊階段、決定該第一通訊階段處於一臨時暫停模式的時間週期、在該暫停模式之時間週期內使用一第二組資源建立或試圖建立一第二通訊階段、並在其他時間週期內返回該第一通訊階段。
在另一方面，一種方便無線資料發送之裝置包含：一資源感應組件，其感應可用資源用於方便一通訊階段；一處理組件，其執行以電腦為主的指令以決定或推斷一使用者之狀態；及一轉換組件，其作為該決定或推斷使用者狀態之一函數將通訊階段從一第一組可用資源轉換至一第二組可用資源。
依據另一方面，一種用於無線資料發送之裝置包含用於決定資源可用性之構件；及用於作為該決定資源可用性之一函數將一通訊從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源之構件。
依據一方面，一種電腦可讀取媒體具有電腦可執行指令儲存於其上用於：結合一通訊階段來決定使用者設備之目前狀態或推斷未來狀態；感應可用資源；及作為該決定或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數來將通訊階段從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源。
在一方面，一執行指令以方便無線通訊之處理器具有指令，其包含：結合一通訊階段來決定使用者設備之目前狀態或推斷未來狀態；感應可用資源；及作為該決定或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數來將通訊階段從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源。
在另一方面，一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送之方法，其包含：監控一使用者或使用者設備之狀態；感應可用通訊資源；及作為該使用者或使用者設備之一函數將一通訊階段從一許可通訊頻帶轉換至一未許可通訊頻帶。
依據另一方面，一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送之方法，其包含：監控一使用者或使用者設備之狀態；感應可用通訊資源；及作為該使用者或使用者設備之一函數將一通訊階段從一未許可通訊頻帶轉換至一許可通訊頻帶。
另一方面係關於一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送之方法，其包含：監控一使用者或使用者設備之狀態；感應可用通訊資源；及作為該使用者或使用者設備之一函數將一通訊階段從一第一通訊頻帶轉換至一第二通訊頻帶。
另一方面係關於一種方法，其包含：感應距一器件之距離、及當該距一器件之距離超過一臨界值時將一通訊階段切換至一第二組資源。
另一方面係關於一種執行下列指令之處理器，其包含：感應距一器件之距離或與該器件所進行之一通訊相關聯的功率位準；及當該距該器件之距離或功率位準可引起與該通訊階段相關聯之服務品質劣化時，將一通訊階段切換至一第二組資源。
另一方面係關於一種系統，其包含：用於感應距一使用者設備之距離之構件；以及 用於在該距該使用者設備之距離超過一臨界值時將一通訊階段切換至一第二組資源之構件。
一方面係關於一種方法，其包含：感應與來自一器件之一接收到的發送相關聯之功率位準；以及當該功率位準越過一臨界值時將一通訊階段切換至一第二組資源。
另一方面係關於一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送之方法，其包含：監控一使用者或使用者設備之狀態；感應可用通訊資源；及作為該使用者或使用者設備狀態之一函數將一通訊階段從一第一組通訊資源轉換至一第二組通訊資源，其中採用該第二組資源包含並行地採用一許可通訊頻帶與一未許可通訊頻帶。
一方面提供一種無線資料發送之方法，其包含：結合一第一通訊階段來決定使用者設備之目前狀態或推斷未來狀態；感應可用資源；及使用不同於該第一通訊階段的一組資源來建立一並行第二通訊階段。
另一方面係關於一種執行指令以方便無線通訊之處理器，該等指令包含：使用一相同器件建立與一第一通訊階段並行的一第二通訊階段，其中該第二通訊階段採用不同於該第一通訊階段的一組資源，且該第二通訊階段補償該第一通訊階段。
另一方面係關於一種電腦可讀取媒體，其具有電腦可執行指令儲存於其上用於：使用一相同器件建立與一第一通訊階段並行的一第二通訊階段，其中該第二通訊階段採用不同於該第一通訊階段的一組資源，且該第二通訊階段補償該第一通訊階段。
為了實現該等前述及相關目的，該一或多個方面包含以下全面說明並在申請專利範圍內特定指出的特徵。下列說明及附圖詳細提出該一或多個方面之特定說明性方面。然而，該些方面係指示可實施各種方面之原理的各種方式之若干方式且該等所述說明希望包括全部此類方面及其等同物。
現在參考附圖來說明各種方面，其中通篇相同參考數字用於引用相同組件。在下列說明中，許多具體細節係出於解釋目的而提出，以便充分瞭解一或多個方法。然而顯然，沒有該些具體細節而仍可實施此類方面。在其他實例中，熟知結構及器件係採用方塊圖來顯示，以便方便說明一或多個方面。
此申請案所使用之術語"組件"、"系統"及類似等目的在於引用一電腦相關實體，不論硬體、軟體、執行中軟體、韌體、中間體、微碼及/或其任一組合。例如，一組件可能(但不限於)係在一處理器上運行的程序、一處理器、一物件、一可執行程式、一執行引線、一程式及/或一電腦。一或多個組件可駐留於一程序及/或執行引線內且一組件可本地化於一電腦上及/或分佈於二或更多電腦之間。而且，該些組件可從具有各種資料結構儲存其上的各種電腦可讀取媒體來執行。該等組件可(例如)依據具有一或多個資料訊包之一信號藉助本地及/或遠端程序來通訊(例如，來自在一本地系統、分佈式系統內與另一組件互動及/或藉助該信號橫跨諸如網際網路之一網路與其他系統互動之一組件的資料)。此外，習知此項技術者應瞭解，本文所述之系統組件可重新配置及/或由額外組件來補充，以便便於實現針對其所述之各種方面、目標、好處等，並不侷限於一給定圖示中所提出之精確組態。
各種方面可結合轉換通訊階段併入推斷方案及/或技術。本文所使用之術語"推斷"一般係指從經由事件及/或資料所捕獲之一組觀察結果來推理或推斷系統、環境及/或使用者之狀態的程序。例如，推斷可用於識別一特定上下文或動作，或可產生一狀態概率分佈。推斷可以係概率性的，即在使用者目標及意圖不確定之背景下，建立在概率推斷上並將顯示動作視作最高期望實用性，基於資料及事件之考量或理論決策來計算所關注之狀態機率分佈。推斷還可參考用於從一組事件及/或資料來合成更高階事件之技術。此類推斷導致從一組觀察事件及/或儲存事件資料來構造新事件或動作，不論該等事件是否與緊密時間近接性相關，亦不論該等事件及資料是否來自一或數個事件及資料來源。
此外，本文中結合一訂戶台來說明各種方面。一訂戶台還可稱為一系統、一訂戶單元、行動台、汽車、遠端台、接取點、遠端終端、接取終端、使用者終端、使用者代理、一使用者器件、行動器件、可擕式通訊器件或使用者設備。一訂戶台可以係一蜂巢式電話、一無繩電話、一階段開始協定(SIP)電話、一無線區域迴路(WLL)台、一個人數位助理(PDA)、一具有無線連接能力之手持器件或連接至一無線數據機之其他處理器件。
而且，本文所述之各種方面或特徵可實施為一種使用標準程式化及/或工程技術之方法、裝置或製造物品。本文所使用之術語"製造物品"希望涵蓋一種可從任何電腦可讀取器件、載體或媒體可存取之電腦程式。例如，電腦可讀取媒體可包括(但不限於)磁性儲存器件(例如硬碟、軟碟、磁帶...)、光學碟片(例如光碟(CD)、數位多功能碟片(DVD)...)、智慧卡、及快閃記憶體器件(例如卡、棒、主要磁碟機...)。此外，本文所述之各種儲存媒體可代表一或多個器件及/或用於儲存資訊之其他機器可讀取媒體。術語"機器可讀取媒體"可包括(但不限於)無線通道及能夠儲存、包含及/或載送指令及/或資料之各種其他媒體。應瞭解，本文所使用的"範例性"一詞表示"當作一範例、實例或說明"。本文中當作"範例性"來說明的任何方面或設計不必解釋為超過或優於其他方面或設計。
本文中將說明獨特系統、方法及器件，其方便橫跨各種器件類型、服務及架構(例如，蜂巢式電話、汽車電話、網際網路協定上的語音(VOIP)、WiFi、以網路為主的通訊、傳統類比電話、全球定位系統(GPS)、許多通訊服務提供者、各種通訊協定等)無縫轉換通訊階段以提供用於發揮其相關功能並減輕使用者必需結束一通訊階段，並開始另一階段以便利用不同組可用資源。
現在參考圖1，依據本文所呈現之各種方面來說明一認知無線網路通訊系統100。系統100可在一或多個扇區內包含複數個節點，例如一或多個基地台102(例如蜂巢式、WiFi或特定網路...)，其相互及/或向一或多個其他節點(例如行動器件)接收、發射、重複(等)無線通訊信號。該等節點通常由電池電源來供電，但可使用任何適當的電源。例如，系統100方便在器件、平台、服務及協定之間轉換通訊。更特定言之，系統100提供用於將一通訊從一第一通訊狀態轉換/轉移至另一通信狀態。例如，一通訊狀態可包括通訊器件類型、服務類型、使用者位置、許可通訊頻帶對未許可通訊頻帶、協定等。時常，一使用者通訊狀態係作為各種外在因素之功能(例如目前位置、使用的通訊器件、採用的通信模態、通訊保真度、通訊方、通訊優先權、移動、可用資源、偏好等)，且隨著通訊狀態從一狀態轉換至另一狀態，可能引起需要遵守或轉換一目前階段(例如至另一組資源)進行相對轉換以便最佳化階段。
例如，在一使用者驅車回家時，他可能採用內建於其汽車內使用一許可通訊頻帶的一蜂巢式電話(例如透過一蜂巢式服務提供者)。汽車或他的蜂巢式電話可能具有全球定位系統(GPS)服務並追蹤在車內時他的運動。在他接近家時(位置由GPS系統決定)，一旦他離開其汽車，系統100可將通訊階段轉換至他的可擕式蜂巢式電話，且一旦他進入家中，可將該階段再次轉換至家裏的一揚聲器電話系統，該揚聲器電話系統利用一未許可通訊頻帶(例如WiFi、VOIP等)。因而，系統100提供用於最小或不中斷地維持一目前通訊階段並允許使用者轉換階段並在不同通訊資源變得可用並較有利地提供目前使用者狀態及偏好時利用不同通訊資源。
認知行動器件102由一使用者在採用，並基於使用者狀態104(該狀態可以係狀態1至Z之任一或多個狀態，其中Z係一整數)及提供使用者狀態104情況下的使用者偏好108(該等偏好可以係偏好1至W之任一或多個者，其中W係一整數)，行動器件102可轉換一通訊階段以採用不同組的資源106(資源1－X ，其中X係一整數)。例如，該等資源可以係不同類型的器件(例如其他認知器件、揚聲器電話、汽車電話、VOIP系統、電腦、利用未許可頻帶及/或許可頻帶之無線電話、互動電視、視訊電話、具有通訊能力之器具、服務提供者、通訊平台、個人數位助理、以網路為主的系統、即按即說系統、對講機、及依據本文所述方面適用於方便通訊之任何其他類型的資源)。
應瞭解，器件102之接觸器或從其接收通訊之接收方(下文稱之為目標1－N ，N係一整數110)還會影響是否轉換一通訊階段及如何轉換一通訊階段。例如，在關於一使用者離開他的汽車，然後走進他家中的前述情況中，若目標110係該使用者的客戶或雇員，則該使用者可能不想冒險多次切換階段(例如汽車電話至蜂巢式電話、及使用許可頻帶之蜂巢式電話至使用未許可頻帶之家庭電話)。因此，作為該目標之一函數，系統100可僅將階段從汽車電話轉換至使用許可頻帶之蜂巢式電話。此類決策還可基於外加資訊1－R 112(R係一整數)，例如通訊保真度、與丟失階段相關聯之代價、丟失於其他資源相關聯之保真度之潛在性(例如從高品質許可頻帶移動至低品質許可頻帶)、陸線電話附近的狗叫聲或孩子玩耍聲、回音潛在性、回授雜訊、歷史資訊等。因而，若系統100在合理確定性或機率下預期將一階段轉換至另一組資源可能會犧牲階段品質，並假定與該特定階段相關聯之目標或上下文之重要性，則會決定維持與目前採用資源組所進行的階段而不轉移該階段而潛在地曝露於與該階段相關聯之品質之損失。
行動器件102可包含一發射器鏈及一接收器鏈，各鏈可依次包含與信號發射及接收相關聯之複數個組件(例如處理器、調變器、多工器、解調變器、解多工器、天線等)，如習知此項技術者所瞭解。行動器件102可以係(例如)蜂巢式電話、智慧電話、膝上型電腦、手持通訊器件、手持計算器件、衛星無線電系統、全球定位系統、PDA及/或用於通過無線網路100進行通訊之任何其他適當器件。
圖2a說明依據行動器件200之一特定方面之各種組件之一高階系統圖。一資源感應組件202結合器件200及其使用者之目前及預期位置與狀態來搜索可用資源。應瞭解，存在經常採用不同頻譜帶寬及/或不同空中介面技術的各種無線通訊系統。範例性系統包括CDMA(CDMA 2000、EV DO、WCDMA)、OFDM或OFDMA(Flash－OFDM、802.20、WiMAX)、使用FDD或TDD許可頻譜之FDMA/TDMA(GSM)系統，經常使用不成對未許可頻譜之點對點(例如汽車對汽車)特定網路系統、及802.11無線LAN或藍牙技術。此類系統可在不同地理區域處提供服務。因此，需要器件200能夠從多個系統獲得服務。
在某些情況下，數個不同系統可在地理重疊的區域內提供服務。而且，不同系統服務品質可能不同。例如，對於一給定器件，一系統之信號品質可能比另一系統之信號品質更好，而一系統之服務費用可能低於另一系統之服務費用。一種能夠採用多個系統之器件可選擇一最佳系統來在一給定時間接收服務。資源感應組件200可結合接收服務及其他資源(例如器件、軟體、功能性等)之利用來監控可用資源及即將可用之資源(以及即將不再可用之資源)。
器件200能夠從一或多個可用系統獲得通訊服務。例如，器件200不僅可工作於一OFDMA FDD系統內，還可工作於一特定網路系統內。器件200可包括複數個RF收發器處理鏈與共用數位信號處理硬體其中之一。該共用數位信號處理硬體可載入不同軟體影像，一影像對應於一OFDMA FDD系統而另一影像對應於一特定系統。器件200還可包括由該等二系統之一者排他使用的其他硬體(例如ASIC)組件。在器件200可容納之該等系統之至少一者中，一信標信號可藉由一接取點傳送以方便系統識別、獲取、同步來輔助器件200檢查頻譜之可用性。在系統中的接取點一般係一閘道，透過該閘道，器件200可接取一更大網路(例如網際網路)。該接取點還可以係一獨立器件，發射特定預定義信號以幫助器件200在區域內利用頻譜。
一信標信號包括在一頻帶內的一序列信標信號叢發。一信標信號叢發包括一或多個(小量)信標符號。在一範例性正交分頻多工(OFDM)系統中，一信標符號係在一OFDM符號週期過程中的一單一音調。一信標信號叢發可在一小量發送符號週期過程(例如，一或兩個符號週期)中包括一單一音調之小量信標符號。該等信標信號叢發係採用一間歇(不連續)方式來發送，因此在第一及第二信標信號叢發之間存在許多符號週期。例如，連續的信標信號叢發可依據一預定或偽隨機音調跳躍序列來使用不同音調。在另一方面，一信標符號可以係一脈衝信號。器件200可極簡單地偵測到該信標信號。在一OFDM系統中，器件200可在接收到的信號上執行一快速傅立葉轉換(FFT)操作以將該信號轉換至頻域。若該等FFT輸出元件之一者明顯載送比平均值更高的能量，則資源感應組件202可偵測到一信標信號。在一脈衝信號情況下，資源感應組件202可檢查一接收信號之時域樣本，並在該等樣本之一者明顯載送比平均值更高的能量之情況下，偵測到一信標信號。
在一特定方面，一接取點可依據一預定義排程來傳送一信標信號。該接取點還可發射其他資料/控制信號，稱之為規則信號。可將該信標信號覆蓋至該等規則信號。在某些情況下，該接取點可僅傳送該信標信號。可能在器件200可容納之所有系統內發射該等信標信號。還可能僅在器件200可容納之系統之子集內發射該等信標信號。
在器件200開始採用其可容納且其中傳送信標信號之一系統前，資源感應組件202搜索一信標信號以決定該系統之狀態。例如，假定器件200容納一OFDMA FDD系統與一特定網路系統二者且二系統均傳送信標信號(在器件開機或移動至一新區域內時)，資源感應組件202最初搜索信標。若資源感應組件202可從一OFDMA FDD接取點偵測到信標，則器件200瞭解到其可從一OFDMA FDD接取點獲得服務。若資源感應組件202無法從一特定網路接取點偵測到一信標，則器件200將會瞭解到其可使用用於點對點通訊的一對應頻譜。應注意，用於OFDMA FDD系統之信標可在不同於用於特定網路之信標的一頻帶內，並使用一不同發信格式。而且，應瞭解，使用一信標來檢查服務及頻譜之可用性的一協定可能從一系統到另一系統變化。
圖2b說明信標信號及在一範例性OFDMA系統及還使用OFDM之一範例性特定網路系統中信標信號之使用。x軸表示符號，例如在此範例中的OFDM符號。y軸表示音調，例如子載波。各小方框表示在一OFDM信號內的一單一音調。一黑方框表示一信標符號，其在帶寬資源內佔據一自由度。隨著時間，該等信標符號依據特定跳躍圖案而跳躍，該特定跳躍圖案傳達資訊位元(例如)以識別與該發射器相關聯之系統類型。例如，該OFDMA系統之基地台可依據某些跳躍圖案來發射基地台信標信號，而在該特定網路內的一接取點節點可依據一不同跳躍圖案來發射接取點信標信號。在該特定網路內的一使用者節點可依據另一不同跳躍序列來發射使用者信標信號。
若資源感應組件202發現僅一特定系統可供使用，則器件200將繼續採用該系統。若資源感應組件202發現多個系統可供使用，則器件200可依據一選擇準則或策略(例如信號品質或服務費用)來選擇其中之一或多個。應瞭解，在各種方面，器件200可並行地接合與多個系統相關聯之服務及資源。
一通信組件204提供用於利用本文所述之軟體及服務來建立並維持與一或多方進行的通訊。轉換組件206提供用於將一通訊階段從一組資源無縫地轉換至另一組資源。轉換組件可利用其他組件及資源(例如記憶體、緩衝器等)以方便階段之無縫轉換。應瞭解，一階段可在多組資源之間重疊以提供冗餘來減輕階段丟失。例如，可並行地利用多個器件、協定、服務等來確保該階段從一組資源轉換至另一組資源。因此，轉換組件206可提供用於多個器件及資源以進行協調，直至特定器件及其他資源係認為用於開始另一通訊階段轉換之前的一預定時間。
轉換組件206如何可提供用於此類階段轉換之一特定範例係是否決定希望將使用一許可頻帶之一蜂巢式電話轉換至使用一未許可頻帶之一家用揚聲器系統。當該轉換正在開始時，轉換組件206可預擷取並啟動新資源(例如家用揚聲器系統及與未許可頻帶相關聯之資源)，使其係與目前階段相關聯之當前資源並行啟動。更特定言之，例如該階段可能橫跨兩組資源(目前及希望的新組)進行，直到認為整組新資源正在使用中且不再需要先前組，即在此時，轉換組件206可丟棄先前資源組。應瞭解，可採用各種濾波器及功能性來減輕作為結合一通訊階段並行採用多組資源之一不需要副製造物品而產生的雜訊、串音、回授等。而且，可結合本文所述之資源轉換來採用適當交遞策略、軟體層、協定、硬體及軟體。
轉換組件206之一替代性方面可包括允許使用者硬轉換至新組資源之一選項。轉換組件206同樣可向使用者與目標接收方提供一通知，即該階段正在傳輸至一新組資源。轉換組件206可在一方面自動執行此類轉換，而在另一方面提供選項及通知，以便使用者可手動或半自動地影響轉換。
應瞭解，各種技術(例如語音識別、推斷、凝視識別、先進品質的服務保證機制等)可用於允許使用者開始將一階段轉換至另一組資源。例如，一使用者可請求目標接收方維持片刻，同時其將該呼叫轉換至在其家裏的另一組資源。她可表達一命令(例如移動階段至陸線)且轉換組件206將會方便管理該通訊階段之此類轉換。在另一範例中，當確信服務品質在一特定即將來臨地區(例如已知死點)內較低時，可轉換該通訊階段以預先抵銷與此地區相關聯之缺點。同樣地，一目標還可請求使用者轉換至另一組。
處理組件210實施與本文所述之組件及功能之一或多個者相關聯之處理功能。處理組件可包括一單一或多組處理器或多核心處理器。而且，處理組件210可實施為一積體處理系統及/或一分佈式處理系統。記憶體212可包括隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、唯讀記憶體(ROM)及其組合。資料儲存器214可以係提供用於大量儲存結合本文所述方面所使用之資訊、資料庫及程式的硬體及/或軟體之任何適當組合。
行動器件200可視需要地包括一人工智慧組件，其採用人工智慧(AI)216之原理來方便自動執行本文所述之各種方面(例如轉換通訊階段、分析資源、外加資訊、使用者狀態及偏好、風險評估)。AI組件216可視需要包括一推斷組件218，其可進一步提高部分利用以推斷為主方案之AI組件之自動化方面以方便推斷在一給定時間及狀態時執行預期動作。本發明之以AI為主方面可經由任何適當以機器學習為主的技術及/或以統計為主的技術及/或以機率為主的技術來實現。例如，涵蓋使用專家系統、模糊邏輯、支援向量機(SVM)、隱藏式馬可夫模型(HMM)、貪婪搜索演算法、以規則為主的系統、貝氏(Bayesian)模型(例如貝氏網路)、神經網路、其他非線性訓練技術、資料融合、以實用為主的分析系統、採用貝氏模型之系統等並希望不脫離所附申請專利範圍之範疇。
圖3說明一服務提供者302管理通訊階段之轉換之一系統300之一方面。服務提供者302結合分析使用者狀態104、資源106、偏好108、目標110及外加資訊112來執行類似於本文針對行動器件102(參見圖1及對應論述)所述之功能。為了簡短並避免累贅，關於各種組件/狀態/偏好等之論述及其相關聯方面將不作重複。
服務提供者302可以係(例如)一許可頻帶提供者而一訂戶/使用者可訂購一組服務，其包括供應並轉換使用者資源之服務提供者。一使用者可指定一組資源以及偏好及與此類資源相關聯之策略並允許服務提供者302管理通訊階段及其轉換。例如，一使用者介面可提供作為一以網路為主應用之部分(例如)用以允許一使用者公佈可用資源以及訂購服務提供者提供的資源，並選擇並設定關於轉換偏好之偏好、目標重要性、使用者狀態條件等以方便服務提供者302結合以一符合使用者需要及偏好給定狀態、上下文及外加資訊之方式轉換通訊階段。
圖4說明一方面之一高階系統結構400，其中不同組資源(1－P，其中P係一整數)402形成一分佈式通訊供應及轉換系統或網路。應瞭解，各種資源組可包括類似或共用子資源(例如相同服務、器件、協定等)。各別組資源402在相互間協調並協調將一通訊階段404從一組資源轉換至另一組資源。應瞭解，各別組資源可採用本文內結合其他方面所述之組件、服務、功能性。該些資源組還可包括形成合作關係以方便一階段之交遞的不同服務提供者。而且，該些資源還可包括作為一分佈式努力之部分分類能力並協調功能性之執行以依據本文所述之方面維持一通訊階段的器件。換言之，該等器件及服務可協調以便結合一通訊階段實現所需目標(例如QoS、最低成本、最小中斷、最佳化使用者便利性/滿意度、負載平衡等)。
根據本文所述之範例性方面，論述可依據所揭示主題內容實施之方法。儘管為了簡化起見，該等方法係作為一系列組塊來顯示並說明，但應明白並瞭解，所申明主題內容不受組塊數目或次序限制，由於根據本文所描述及說明，某些區塊可採用不同次序及/或其他區塊並行發生。而且，可能並不需要全部例示區塊來實施各別方法。應瞭解，與各種區塊相關聯之功能性可由軟體、硬體、其一組合或任何其他適當構件(例如器件、系統、程序、組件)來實施。此外，應進一步瞭解，下文及本規格書通篇所揭示之某些方法能夠儲存於一製造物品上以方便向各種器件運輸並傳輸此類方法。習知此項技術者應瞭解並明白，一方法可替代性地表示為(例如)在一狀態圖中的一系列相關狀態或事件。
圖5說明用於轉換一通訊階段之一高階方法500。在502識別可用資源(例如服務提供者、硬體、軟體、器件、系統、網路等)。在504，決定或推斷使用者狀態(例如開車、他/她正在通信的人、通訊上下文、通訊要求、優先權、位置、目前使用資源、可用資源、偏好、預期即將來臨的使用者狀態變化、資源、偏好、環境變化等)。假定已決定或推斷的使用者狀態及已識別的可用資源，在506決定關於是否將通訊階段從目前組資源變換至另一組資源。此決定可包括一以實用為主的分析，其將進行轉換的因素成本(例如保真度損失、丟失呼叫、使用者懊惱程度、中斷階段等)對潛在效益(例如更佳的服務品質、使用者滿意程度、省錢、使與一新組資源相關聯之提高功能性可供使用)包括在內。此決定還可包括一成本效益分析。該成本可藉由諸如功率消耗、所產生推斷、佔用帶寬、及帶寬成本(例如許可相對不許可頻譜)之因素來測量，以便使用不同組的資源來支援所需通訊階段。該效益可藉由諸如服務品質、資料速率、潛時等之因素來測量。該決策可基於一以機率為主的分析來作出，其中在一機密位準較高之情況下開始轉換而在機密位準較低之情況下不開始轉換。如上所述，可結合此類決定或推斷來採用以AI為主的技術(包括機器學習系統)。或者，可採用一更簡單的以規則為主程序，其中在滿足特定條件之情況下轉換會發生而在不滿足之情況下轉換不會開始。
如上所述，可自動化、半自動化或手動該轉換決定。在506，若決定或推斷在目前時間不應進行一轉換，則該程序返回502。若決定或推斷應進行一通訊階段轉換，則該程序進行至508，在508該階段係轉換至一新資源組。隨後，該程序返回到502。該方法可作為一背景程序來連續地執行以提供用於即時轉換通訊階段以便提高可用資源之使用者利用並提高目前通訊階段。或者，該方法可以預定時間間隔來執行或基於事件(例如預期資源損失或丟失服務品質等)來觸發。
圖6說明關於方便將一通訊階段從一目前資源組轉換至一新資源組之一方法600。在602，決定或推斷未來使用者狀態。例如，若一使用者正在駕駛一車輛並依據一以位置為主的監控服務(例如GPS、無線追蹤等)，則決定該使用者正在靠近具有不同可用通訊資源之一地區。在604，決定針對目前通訊給定使用狀態、偏好、目前可用資源及在即將來臨地區內的預計可用資源之需求。在該即將來臨地區內的可用資源可從各種資源(包括以網路為主的出版物或搜索、無線廣播資源、查找表、資料庫)及各種其他適當構件來獲得。定義將在該即將來臨地區內確信可用的均考慮在內的一新組資源。例如，該新組可包括一目前正在使用資源之一子集以及目前不可用但在該新地區可用之資源之一子集。
在606，決定或推斷是否應在該即將來臨地區之前或期間將該等通訊階段轉換至一新組資源。若否，則該程序回到602。若是，則在608，獲得形成該新組資源所需之資源，當然某些資源可能目前正在使用，故此類資源不需要預擷取。一旦獲取用於該新組之資源，在610該新組資源便結合該通訊階段並行地接合目前資源。在612，一旦確定該新組資源正由該使用者使用，且不需要舊組，則該舊組資源會從使用中丟棄。不會丟棄該等舊及新組共用之資源。隨後，該程序會返回602。
圖7說明具有多重天線704之一認知行動器件702之一方向。為了簡短，將不重複與已呈現的認知行動器件202之說明(參見圖2)共同的關於組件之說明。器件702可結合協定、服務及資源之串列及/或並聯採用來採用各種天線。儘管先前論述較大程度上集中在不同資源組之中轉換一階段，但應瞭解在一目前階段期間可向該階段添加額外資源並利用。例如，若一使用者正在使用器件702與某人進行電話通話，且該目標方在通話期間向該使用者傳送一文件，則器件702可結合接收到的文件來添加額外資源。一目前使用的天線可用於載送使用一許可頻帶(例如CDMA、GSM)之通話，且通訊組件204可並行地啟動用於WiFi(例如藍牙)通訊之一第二天線以允許該使用者向一附近印表機或大螢幕傳送該文件用於列印或查看。因此，目前通訊未被轉換，而是增加器件702決定可用之額外資源，從而增強目前通訊階段。
圖8說明關於識別可用資源並增加一目前通訊階段之一方法800。在802，決定或推斷使用者狀態。例如，可決定或推斷一使用者位置、通訊中其他方的身份、通訊上下文、通訊優先權、使用者偏好、通訊成本。在804，決定可用資源，此點可包括識別與目前採用器件、其他可用器件、服務、平台等相關聯之資源。在806，作出關於是否修改目前資源組之一決策。若否，則該程序返回802。若是，則預擷取將提高目前通訊階段之額外資源。該些資源可包括僅啟動未在使用中的一目前可用資源(例如另一天線、一圖形處理器、一揚聲器電話、一網際網路階段)、開啟與另一器件或服務進行的一背景二次階段(例如藍牙階段、UWB階段、IP階段、紅外通訊、驗證階段、加密階段等)以增強目前通訊階段。在810，結合增強目前通訊階段來增加及/或丟棄資源。
圖9係結合一通訊階段可用之範例性資源之一子集之一范恩圖，且該等個別資源係採用一方式描述成用以說明僅此類資源可用之位置(以排除其他資源)及此類資源可並行可用之位置。應瞭解，取決於一特定環境，該等個別資源可採用不同於所示的一並行性來使用，且下列僅係一特定範例性情況用於方便說明並理解本文所提及之方面。許可頻譜902與各種範圍的其他資源重疊，由於此類頻譜係經常經由蜂巢式服務提供者來提供，蜂巢式服務提供者經常提供全國(包括室內)範圍的覆蓋。網際網路服務904同樣與許多資源重疊，包括蜂巢服務提供者(例如)還經常提供網際網路服務之許可頻譜。全球定位系統服務一般係經由衛星及/或蜂巢聯合一許可頻譜服務來提供。一汽車電話908經常可採用GPS 906並將許可頻譜902用作其運動性之一函數。一多模式電話910可使用多個頻帶(例如GSM、CDMA、WiFi、VOIP)910來操作，因而與實質可用資源有所重疊。藍牙服務912一般與未許可頻譜相關聯；但其可並行或聯合許可頻帶來使用。VOIP服務914經常需要網際網路服務與語音通訊服務發揮功能，因此也與許多其他資源重疊。
從該圖式可瞭解到，各種可用資源重疊而其他則不重疊，某些資源依賴於其他資源而特定資源相對自主。因此，此類資源、能力、限制、成本、使用者偏好、可用性之知識應由器件及系統先驗或快速知曉，或經由策略、查找表、資料庫或類似物內建，使得可作為結合本文所述方面之認知器件/服務使用之部分而提高此類資源之利用。
圖9b至9d說明一使用者變化狀態並作為使用者狀態、偏好及可用資源之一函數透過可用資源來轉換一通訊階段之一範例性情況。在圖9b中，一使用者920係位於一汽車內，且他正在與一朋友通話。在進入汽車之前，他採用一認知多模式行動裝置910進行相同的呼叫。他的汽車容納藍牙922，且一啟動汽車，該行動器件便感應到藍牙922並採用其來透過汽車揚聲器繼續該通話(傳統上眾所周知)。或者，該通話可交遞給一汽車電話908，並在他正在駕駛汽車時，可使與汽車電話908相關聯之增強功能性(可能器件910不可使用)供該使用者使用。器件910及汽車電話908具有GPS能力，因此在汽車移動時可追蹤該使用者。
作為運動之一函數，可(例如)經由使用網際網路904在通話期間將以位置為主的資訊傳遞給該使用者。例如，以位置為主的廣告或僅資訊可以該使用者為目標以方便通話或僅方便使用者(通話之外)。因此，應瞭解，一旦資源變得可用，便使此類資源可供使用並不僅用於方便通話，而且還方便獨立地輔助使用者或甚至其他人(例如需要瞭解使用者位置之一第三方、在一通話之其他端之一人、或甚至一服務提供者)。比較按傳統自主地工作的此類器件、服務及資源，器件、服務及資源合作以依據本文所述方面並行提供功能性。
圖9c說明一使用者狀態變化，其中使用者920係處於GPS 906功能性不再可用之一區域內(例如車庫)。而且，該使用者不再在汽車內，因而藍牙922及汽車電話908不可使用。因此，在進入此狀態之前，行動器件910或一服務提供者302決定或推斷該使用者之目的地(例如住宅)及預計特定資源損失(GPS、藍牙及汽車電話)。在此類知識之情況下，該使用者一拾取該裝置時並走出汽車時，便將該通話轉換回到行動器件910。各種機制(例如生物辨識系統、加速度計、語音啟動等)可用於決定或推斷希望使用器件910來載送該通話。該交遞可自動、半自動或手動地執行，視使用者偏好或特定裝置或服務提供者之能力而定。可以看出，網際網路功能性920仍可供該使用者使用(例如經由許可頻帶服務提供者)。因而，在汽車內時提供給該使用者之各種功能性及服務可視需要地經由網際網路及器件910提供給該使用者。
圖9d再次描述使用者變化狀態(例如移動進入家中)並仍在通話。該使用者在他的家中具有一無線網路915，其係一未許可頻帶。該使用者還在家中採用一VOIP通訊系統(例如由於成本節省及VOIP所提供之各種獨特功能性)。在該使用者進入家中時，該通話係轉換至該VOIP系統。在作出此類變化之前，決定或推斷與從一許可頻帶切換至一未許可頻帶相關聯之潛在成本或不利之處。分析諸如使用者便利性(例如使用器件910對在家中的一揚聲器或不同手持設備)、與使用者進行通話方、通訊上下文、使用者偏好、外加資料等之因素並假定此類分析之情況下進行或不進行轉換至此新組可用資源。此外，該通話可視需要地包括目前使用資源(許可頻帶及網際網路)與並行可用或交換的額外資源(例如通過許可頻帶之網際網路接取係切換至未許可頻帶所提供之網際網路服務)。該電話呼叫可仍維持在許可頻帶上，但一不同藍牙912服務允許通過家用揚聲器系統來廣播在該許可頻帶上的通訊階段。而且，行動器件910現在可通過該未許可網路來接收即將來臨的呼叫，因而可經由並行使用許可及未許可頻帶來使呼叫保持、多向呼叫等可供該使用者使用。
圖10至20說明可結合本文所述方面採用之某些範例性資源(硬體、軟體、協定、服務等)。應瞭解，該些資源僅係範例性資源且該等方面不局限於僅利用該些資源類型。相反，涵蓋特定申明的方面可採用適於實施本文所述功能性之任何組資源。
參見圖10，說明一範例性通訊系統1000。系統1000包括複數個扇區1002至1012，其中使用者設備1026可採用在此類扇區1002至1012內的無線服務。儘管扇區1002至1012係顯示為本質上六邊形且實質上類似大小，但應明白，扇區1002至1012之大小及形狀可取決於地理區域、實體障礙物(例如建築物)之數目、大小及形狀與若干其他因素而變化。接取點1014至1024係與扇區1002至1012相關聯，其中接取點1014至1024係用於向在扇區1002至1012內的使用者設備1026提供服務。接取點1014至1024可採用各種頻帶發射資料，使得使用者設備1026可不必從一接取點接收資料，同時測量來自另外接取點之信號強度。該等接取點1014至1024之各接取點可向多個使用者設備提供服務。在系統1000中，使用者設備1026係與扇區1010相關聯，因而可由接取點1022來服務。但使用者設備1026可以係可擕式，因此可移動至根本不同的扇區(例如超出用於從接取點1022進行適當通訊之範圍)。因而需要允許使用者設備從服務該使用者設備之接取點請求並接收測量間隙。
在一特定範例中，使用者設備1026可由接取點1022(其與扇區1010相關聯)來服務。當使用者設備1026靠近扇區1010之一邊界轉換時，與接取點1022及使用者設備1026相關聯之下行鏈路信號品質可能會劣化。例如，當使用者設備1026決定信號品質已降到低於一臨界值時，使用者設備1026可從接取點1022請求一測量間隙。接取點1022可接收此類請求並產生一排程並向使用者設備1026提供該排程，其中該排程指示該測量間隙將會出現之時間以及該測量間隙之長度。在該排程的測量間隙期間，使用者設備1026可停止傾聽與接取點1022相關聯之下行鏈路通道並可相對於(例如)接取點1024執行測量。若信號品質足夠高，則接取點1024可視作一移交候選者。儘管上述範例指示使用者設備1026產生一請求並等待接收此請求及從存取點1022供應一排程，但應明白還涵蓋各種其他協定。例如，不從接取點1022請求一測量間隙，使用者設備1026可向接取點1022提供一指示，即使用者設備1026計劃獲得相對於另外接取點(例如接取點1024)之測量。接取點1022然後可快取期望提供給使用者設備1026之資料以在使用者設備1026恢復從存取點1022接收資料之後發送給使用者設備1026，或用於轉遞給另一接取點用於在移交之後發送給使用者設備1026。
圖11a說明本發明之另一方面。在1102，識別可用資源，並假設一器件具有使用一第一組資源之一第一通訊階段。例如，該第一組資源可以係使用一許可頻帶之一廣域網路，且該器件可以連接(例如)使用一OFDMA廣域網路系統之一蜂巢式基地台。在1104，決定器件狀態，例如可決定該器件並行地處於一暫停狀態，例如一傳呼模式，其中該器件不始終與該基地台一起發射或接收信號。在1106，決定該器件是否係處於一傳呼模式，該器件可以一預定時間週期序列來監控來自該基地台之傳呼通道。在該等傳呼時間週期之間，稱之為非傳呼時間週期，該器件通常進入一功率節省模式。
若是，則該器件係處於一傳呼模式，依據本發明之一方面，該器件在1108在該等非傳呼時間週期內使用一第二組資源建立或試圖建立一第二通訊階段。例如，該第二組資源可以係一區域特定或點對點網路，使用相同的許可頻帶或另外頻帶，可能未許可頻帶。
因此，該器件在一傳呼時間週期內監控該第一通訊階段之傳呼通道。一旦該傳呼時間週期截止，若未傳呼該器件，則該器件係切換至該特定或點對點用於該第二通訊階段。在該第二通訊階段中，該器件可預主動傳送一使用者信標信號以指示其識別碼，或搜索其他器件所傳送之使用者信標信號。該等使用者信標信號係依據該特定或點對點通訊協定來傳送，該協定不同於在該第一組資源內所使用之一空中鏈路協定。此外該器件可在該第二通訊階段中與其他器件主動傳達使用者資料流量。在1110，決定一下一傳呼週期是否已達到。若是，則當該下一傳呼時間週期達到時，在1112將該器件切換至一更適當的通訊階段。例如，該器件可臨時暫停該第二通訊階段，然後返回到該第一通信階段以檢查傳呼通道。同樣，若未傳呼該器件，則將其切換回到該第二通訊階段。若傳呼該器件，則可終止該第二通訊階段並轉移至在該第一通訊階段內的一更主動狀態。或者，該器件可選擇其需要繼續之通訊階段。從前述中應瞭解，本文所述之各種具體實施例用於不同組資源支援的並行通訊以及在多組資源之中進行轉換及其一組合。
圖11b說明本發明之另一方面。假設兩個器件在地理上相鄰。然後該等兩個器件可能能夠直接透過一第一組資源相互通信，該第一組資源係使用許可或未許可頻帶之一直接點對點網路。然後，該等兩個器件相互遠離移動且其距離增加如此之多，使得無法進行直接的點對點通訊。該等兩個器件感應其狀態之變化，並開始使用一第二組資源(其係一多跳躍特定網路)以繼續其通訊階段。然後，該等兩個器件進一步相互遠離移動且其距離增加如此之多，使得甚至多跳躍特定網路不可行或不具成本效益。該等兩個器件感應其狀態之變化，並開始使用一第三組資源(其係一廣域蜂巢式網路)以繼續其通訊階段。
在1120，識別可用資源。在1124，一通訊階段採用一第一組資源。在1126，監控器件(或使用者)狀態，並決定參與該階段之任一器件是否具有需要一不同組資源之一狀態變化(例如實體運動、低信號、低功率等)。若否，則該階段繼續使用相同組資源。若是，則在1128該階段係轉移至一新組資源以容納器件(使用者)狀態變化，以便可採用一適當方式實施該通信階段。在1130，相對於該新組資源再次檢查器件(或使用者)狀態，且若在1130另一狀態變化需要一不同組資源，則在1128該通訊階段係轉換至另一新組資源。若否，則在1132維持目前組資源。
圖12描述依據各種方面所實施之一範例性通訊系統1200，其包括多個小區：小區I 1202、小區M 1024。應注意，相鄰小區1202、1204輕微重疊，如小區邊界區域1268所指示，藉此在相鄰小區內的基地台所發射之信號之間產生信號干擾之潛在性。系統1200之各小區1202、1204包括三個扇區。依據各種方面未細分成多個扇區(N＝1)之小區、具有兩個扇區(N＝2)之小區及3個以上扇區(N>3)亦可行。小區1202包括一第一扇區(扇區I 1210)、一第二扇區(扇區II 1212)及一第三扇區(扇區III 1214)。各扇區1210、1212、1214具有兩個扇區邊界區域，各邊界區域係在兩個相鄰扇區之間共用。
扇區邊界區域提供在相鄰扇區內的基地台所發射之信號之間信號干擾之潛在性。直線1216表示在扇區I 1210與扇區II 1212之間的一扇區邊界區域；直線1218表示在扇區II 1212與扇區III 1214之間的一扇區邊界區域；直線1220表示在扇區III 1214與扇區I 1210之間的一扇區邊界區域。同樣地，小區M 1204包括一第一扇區(扇區I 1222)、一第二扇區(扇區II 1224)及一第三扇區(扇區III 1226)。直線1228表示在扇區I 1222與扇區II 1224之間的一扇區邊界區域；直線1230表示在扇區II 1224與扇區III 1226之間的一扇區邊界區域；直線1232表示在扇區III 1226與扇區I 1222之間的一扇區邊界區域。小區I 1202包括一基地台(BS)(基地台I 1206)與在各扇區1210、1212、1214內的複數個端節點(EN)。扇區I 1210包括EN(1)1236與EN(X)1238，其係分別經由無線鏈路1240、1242耦合至BS 1206；扇區II 1212包括EN(1')1244與EN(X')1246，其係分別經由無線鏈路1248、1250耦合至BS 1206；扇區III 1214包括EN(1")1252與EN(X")1254，其係分別經由無線鏈路1256、1258耦合至BS 1206。同樣地，小區M 1204包括基地台M 1208與在各扇區1222、1224、1226內的複數個端節點(EN)。扇區I 1222包括EN(1)1236'與EN(X)1238'，其係分別經由無線鏈路1240'、1242'耦合至BSM 1208；扇區II 1224包括EN(1')1244'與EN(X')1246'，其係分別經由無線鏈路1248'、1250'耦合至BS M 1208；扇區3 1226包括EN(1")1252'與EN(X")1254'，其係分別經由無線鏈路1256'、1258'耦合至BS 1208。
系統1200還包括一網路節點1260，其係分別經由網路鏈路1262、1264而耦合至BS I 1206與BS M 1208。網路節點1260還耦合至其他網路節點(例如其他基地台、AAA伺服器節點、中間節點、路由器等)並經由網路鏈路1266耦合至網際網路。網路鏈路1262、1264、1266可以係(例如)光纖電纜。各端節點(例如EN 1 1236)可以係一無線終端，其包括一發射器以及一接收器。該等無線終端(例如EN(1)1236)可移動穿過系統1200並可經由無線鏈路與在該EN目前所位於之小區內的基地台進行通訊。該等無線終端(WT)(例如EN(1)1236)可經由一基地台(例如BS 1206)及/或網路節點1260與對等節點(例如在系統1200內或在系統1200外部的其他WT)進行通訊。WT(例如EN(1)1236)可以係行動通訊器件，例如蜂巢式電話、具有無線數據機之個人資料助理等。個別基地台使用一與在剩餘符號週期(例如，非帶狀符號週期)內用於配置音調並決定音調跳躍之方法不同的方法執行音調子集配置用於帶狀符號週期。該等無線終端使用該音調子集配置方法以及從該基地台所接收之資訊(例如基地台斜率ID、扇區ID資訊)來決定在指定帶狀符號週期其可用來接收資料及資訊之音調。該音調子集配置序列係依據各種方面來構造以橫跨個別音調來展開扇區間及小區間的干擾。儘管主要在蜂巢式模式之背景下說明主題系統，但應瞭解可使用複數個模式並可依據本文所述方面來使用。
圖12b說明在其內具有可用額外模式1290及1292之小區I 1202。模式1290可以係(例如)一VOIP模式，其提供用於在該模式範圍內的器件以能夠與蜂巢以及VOIP協定進行通訊。模式1292提供另一適當模式用於藉由在該模式範圍內的器件實施通訊(例如一未許可頻帶、一不同許可頻帶等)。在該等各種模式重疊之情況下，應瞭解器件可採用此類可用模式之一或多個模式(並行或串列)。該等各種端節點可無縫地切換或並行地採用可用模式。而且，對應基地台可使用該等可用模式之一或多個模式選擇性地傳達通訊。因此，不論發送及/或接收，器件均可選擇性地採用一或多個模式來最佳化通訊。應瞭解，特定舊型器件可能僅能夠與一特定模式進行通訊，而多模式器件可動態地切換模式以便容納與此類舊器件相關聯之限制。
圖13說明依據各種方面之一範例性基地台1300。基地台1300實施音調子集配置序列，不同音調子集配置序列針對小區之分別不同扇區類型而產生。基地台1300可用作圖12之系統1200之基地台1206、1208之任一者。基地台1300包括藉由一匯流排1309耦合在一起的一接收器1302、一發射器1304、一處理器1306(例如CPU)、一輸入/輸出介面1308及記憶體1310，通過匯流排1309，各種元件1302、1304、1306、1308及1310可交換資料及資訊。
耦合至接收器1302之扇區化天線1303用於從在基地台小區內的各扇區接收來自無線終端發送之資料及其他信號(例如通道報告)。耦合至發射器1304之扇區化天線1305用於向在該基地台小區之各扇區內的無線終端1400(參見圖14)發送資料及其他信號(例如控制信號、先導信號、信標信號等)。在各種方面，基地台1300可採用多個接收器1302及多個發射器1304，例如用於各扇區之一個別接收器1302與用於各扇區之一個別發射器1304。處理器1306可能係(例如)一通用中央處理單元(CPU)。處理器1306在儲存於記憶體1310內的一或多個常式1318之指導下控制基地台1300之操作並實施該等方法。處理器包括一資源感應組件202a、一轉換組件206a及一處理組件210a。該些組件之相當物及相關聯功能性係已結合圖2a在上面詳細論述，且為了簡短並最小化冗餘會限制結合其之另外論述。I/O介面1308提供至其他網路節點之一連接，將BS 1300耦合至其他基地台、接取路由器、AAA伺服器節點等、其他網路及網際網路。記憶體1310包含常式1318及資料/資訊1320。
資料/資訊1320包括資料1336、音調子集配置序列資訊1338(包括下行鏈路帶狀符號時間資訊1340與下行鏈路音調資訊1342)、及無線終端(WT)資料/資訊1344(包括複數組WT資訊)：WT 1資訊1346與WT N資訊1360。各組WT資訊(例如WT 1資訊1346)包括資料1348、終端ID 1350、扇區ID 1352、上行鏈路通道資訊1354、下行鏈路通道資訊1356及模式資訊1358。
常式1318包括通訊常式1322與基地台控制常式1324。基地台控制常式1324包括一排程器模組1326與發信常式1328，發信常式1328包括用於帶狀符號週期之一音調子集配置常式1330、用於剩餘符號週期之其他下行鏈路音調配置跳躍常式1332(例如非帶狀符號週期)及一信標常式1334。
資料1336包括欲發送之資料，其將傳送給發射器1304之編碼器1314用於在發送給WT之前進行編碼、及從WT接收之資料，其已在接收之後透過接收器1302之解碼器1312處理過。下行鏈路帶狀符號時間資訊1340包括訊框同步結構資訊(例如超級時槽、信標時槽及超大時槽結構資訊)及指定一給定符號週期是否係一帶狀符號週期，且若是，則指定該帶狀符號週期之索引以及該帶狀符號是否係一用於截去基地台所使用之音調子集配置序列之一重置點的資訊。下行鏈路音調資訊1342包括資訊，其包括指派給基地台1300之一載波頻率、音調之數目及頻率、及欲配置給該等帶狀符號週期之音調子集組、及其他小區及扇區專用值，例如斜率、斜率指數及扇區類型。
資料1348可包括WT1 1400從一對等節點所接收之資料、WT 1 1400期望發送給一對等節點之資料、及下行鏈路通道品質報告回授資訊。終端ID 1350係識別WT 1 1400之一基地台1300指派ID。扇區ID 1352包括識別其中WT1 1400正在運作之扇區的資訊。扇區ID 1352可用於(例如)決定扇區類型。上行鏈路通道資訊1354包括識別排程器1326為WT1 1400配置用以使用(例如)用於資料的上行鏈路流量通道分段之通道分斷、用於請求、功率控制、時序控制等的專用上行鏈路控制通道之資訊。指派給WT1 1400之各上行鏈路通道包括一或多個邏輯音調，各邏輯音調按照一上行鏈路跳躍序列。下行鏈路通道資訊1356包括識別排程器1326已配置用以向WT1 1400載送資料及/或資訊之通道分段(例如用於使用者資料之下行鏈路流量通道分段)的資訊。指派給WT1 1400之各下行鏈路通道包括一或多個邏輯音調，各邏輯音調按照一下行鏈路跳躍序列。模式資訊1358包括識別WT1 1400之操作狀態(例如睡眠、保持)之資訊。
通訊常式1322控制基地台1300以執行各種通訊操作並實施各種通訊協定。基地台控制常式1324用於控制基地台1300執行基地台功能任務(例如信號產生及接收、排程)，並實施某些方面之方法之步驟，包括在帶狀符號週期期間使用該等音調子集配置序列向無線終端發射信號。
發信常式1328控制使用其解碼器1312之接收器1302與使用其編碼器1314之反射器1304之操作。發信常式1328負責控制發送資料1336與控制資訊之產生。音調子集配置常式1330使用該方面之方法並使用包括下行鏈路帶狀符號時間資訊1340與扇區ID 1352之資料/資訊1320來構造在一帶狀符號週期內要使用的音調子集。該等下行音調子集配置序列對於一小區內的各扇區將會不同並對於相鄰小區不同。WT 1400依據該等下行鏈路音調子集配置序列在該帶狀符號週期內接收該等信號；基地台1300使用相同的下行鏈路音調子集配置序列以便產生該等發射信號。其他下行鏈路配置跳躍常式1332使用包括下行鏈路音調資訊1342之資訊與下行鏈路通道資訊1356來構造下行鏈路音調跳躍序列用於該等符號週期而非該等帶狀符號週期。該等下行鏈路資料音調跳躍序列係橫跨一小區之該等扇區同步。信標常式1334控制一信標信號(例如以一或若干音調為中心的相對較高功率信號之一信號)之發射，其可用於同步目的，例如用於同步該下行鏈路信號之訊框時序結構並因此同步相對於一超大時槽邊界之音調子集配置序列。
圖14說明一範例性無線終端(端節點)1400，其可用作圖12所示之系統1200之無線終端(端節點)(EN(1)1236)之任一者。無線終端1400實施該等音調子集配置序列。無線終端1400包括經由一匯流排1410耦合在一起的一接收器1402(包括一解碼器1412)、一發射器1404(包括一編碼器1414)、一處理器1406及一記憶體1408，通過匯流排1410該等各種組件1402、1404、1406、1408可交換資料及資訊。用於從一基地台200接收信號之一天線1403係耦合至接收器1402。用於(例如)向基地台200發射信號之一天線1405係耦合至發射器1404。
處理器1406(例如一CPU)控制無線終端1400之操作並藉由執行常式1420並使用記憶體1408內的資料/資訊1422來實施方法。
資料/資訊1422包括使用者資料1434、使用者資訊1436、及音調子集配置序列資訊1450。使用者資料1434可包括用於一對等節點之資料，其將選路至編碼器1414用於發射器1404發送至基地台200之前進行編碼、從基地台200接收的資料，在其已經接收器1402內的解碼器1412來處理。使用者資訊1436包括上行鏈路通道資訊1438、下行鏈路通道資訊1440、終端ID資訊1442、基地台ID資訊1444、扇區ID資訊1446及模式資訊1448。上行鏈路通道資訊1438包括識別在發射給基地台200時已由基地台200指派供無限終端1400使用之上行鏈路通道分段之資訊。上行鏈路通道可包括上行鏈路流量通道、專用上行鏈路控制通道(例如請求通道、功率控制通道及時序控制通道)。各上行鏈路通道包括一或多個邏輯音調，各邏輯音調按照一上行鏈路音調跳躍序列。該等上行鏈路跳躍序列係在一小區之各片段類型之間並在相鄰小區之間不同。下行鏈路通道資訊1440包括識別基地台200指派給WT 1400用於在BS 200正在向WT 1400發送資料/資訊時使用之下行鏈路通道分段的資訊。下行鏈路通道可包括下行鏈路流量通道及指派通道，各下行鏈路通道包括一或多個邏輯音調，各邏輯音調按照一下行鏈路跳躍序列，其係在小區之各扇區之間同步。
使用者資訊1436還包括：終端ID資訊1442，其係一基地台200指派識別；基地ID資訊1444，其識別WT已與之建立通訊之特定基地台200；及扇區ID資訊1446，其識別WT 1400目前所處之小區之特定扇區。基地台ID 1444提供一小區斜率值而扇區ID資訊1446提供一扇區索引類型；小區斜率值與扇區索引類型可用於推導音調跳躍序列。還包括使用者資訊1436內的模式資訊1448識別WT 1400是否處於睡眠模式、保持模式或開啟模式。
音調子集配置序列資訊1450包括下行鏈路帶狀符號時間資訊1452與下行鏈路音調資訊1454。下行鏈路帶狀符號時間資訊1452包括訊框同步結構資訊(例如超級時槽、信標時槽及超大時槽結構資訊)與指定一給定符號週期是否係一帶狀符號週期，若是，則指定該帶狀符號之索引以及指定該帶狀符號是否係一用以截去基地台所使用之音調子集配置序列之重置點的資訊。下行鏈路音調資訊1454包括資訊，其包括指派給基地台200之一載波頻率、音調之數目及頻率、及欲配置給該等帶狀符號週期之音調子集組、及其他小區及扇區專用值，例如斜率、斜率索引及扇區類型。
常式1420包括通訊常式1424與無線終端控制常式1426。通訊常式1424控制WT 1400所使用之各種通訊協定。無線終端控制常式1426控制基本無線終端1400功能性，包括控制接收器1402及發射器1404。無線終端控制常式1426包括發信常式1428。發信常式1428包括用於帶狀符號週期之一音調子集配置常式1430與用於其餘符號週期(例如非帶狀符號週期)之一其他下行鏈路音調配置跳躍常式1432。音調子集配置常式1430使用使用者資料/資訊1422，其包括下行鏈路通道資訊1440、基地台ID資訊1444(例如斜率索引及扇區類型)、及下行鏈路音調資訊1454，以便依據某些方面產生該等下行鏈路音調子集配置序列並處理從基地台200所發送之接收資訊。其他下行鏈路配置跳躍常式1430使用包括下行鏈路音調資訊1454之資訊與下行鏈路通道資訊1440來構造下行鏈路音調跳躍序列用於該等符號週期而非該等帶狀符號週期。音調子集配置常式1430在由處理器1406執行時用於決定何時及在哪個音調上無線終端1400將從基地台1200接收一或多個帶狀符號信號。上行鏈路音調配置跳躍常式1430使用一音調子集配置功能以及從基地台1200所接收之資訊以決定在上面發送其之音調。
圖15說明各種方面之OFDM展頻空中介面技術，實施用於圖12之該等小區(1202、1204)之各小區之各扇區。在圖15中，水平軸1551表示頻率。用於一特定載波頻率1553(例如用於下行鏈路發信)之可用帶寬之總量係分成一數目K的均等間隔音調。在某些方面，存在113個均等間隔音調。該些音調係從0至K－1編索引。在圖15中說明範例性音調：音調0 1555、音調1 1557、音調2 1559與音調K－1 1561。包含二小區1202、1204之該等扇區1210、1212、1214、1222、1224、1226之各扇區同時使用帶寬。在各小區之各扇區內，該等音調0至K－1係分別用於各小區之各扇區以發射下行鏈路信號。由於在二小區1202、1204之各扇區內使用相同帶寬，因此不同小區及扇區在該等頻帶音調上同時發射之信號可能會(例如)在重疊覆蓋區域(例如扇區邊界區域1216、1218、1220、1228、1230、1232及小區邊界區域1268)內相互干擾。
對於一軟體實施方案，本文所述技術可使用執行本文所述功能之構件(例如程序、函數等)來實施。該等軟體程式碼可儲存於記憶體單元內並由處理器來執行。該記憶體單元可實施於處理器內部或處理器外部，在此情況下，其可經由此項技術中已知的各種構件以通信方式耦合至該處理器。
上面已述內容包括一或多個方面之範例。當然，無法為說明前述方面目的說明每一個可想像的組件或方法組合，但習知此項技術者應認識到各種方面之許多另外組合及列舉可行。因此，所述方面係希望涵蓋不脫離所附申請專利範圍之精神及範疇的所有此類改造、修改及變更。此外，在詳細說明或申請專利範圍內使用術語"包括"之某種程度上，此術語係希望如"包含"在申請專利範圍內用作一過渡性詞語時所解釋般地採用一類似於術語"包含"之方式來包括。
100．．．認知無線網路通訊系統
102．．．基地台/認知行動器件
110．．．目標
200．．．行動器件
202．．．資源感應組件
202a．．．資源感應組件
204．．．通信組件
206．．．轉換組件
206a．．．轉換組件
210．．．處理組件
210a．．．處理組件
212．．．記憶體
214．．．資料儲存器
216．．．人工智慧(AI)
218．．．推斷組件
300．．．系統
302．．．服務提供者
400．．．高階系統結構
702．．．認知行動器件
704．．．多重天線
900．．．文中未說明
906．．．GPS
908．．．汽車電話
910．．．多模式電話/認知多模式行動器件
915．．．無線網路
920．．．使用者
1000．．．通訊系統
1002．．．扇區
1004．．．扇區
1006．．．扇區
1008．．．扇區
1010．．．扇區
1012．．．扇區
1014．．．接取點
1016．．．接取點
1018．．．接取點
1020．．．接取點
1022．．．接取點
1024．．．接取點
1026．．．使用者設備
1200．．．通訊系統
1202．．．小區1
1204．．．小區M
1206．．．基地台I
1208．．．BS M
1210．．．扇區I
1212．．．扇區II
1214．．．扇區III
1222．．．扇區I
1224．．．扇區II
1226．．．扇區III
1236．．．EN(1)
1236'．．．EN(1)
1238．．．EN(X)
1238'．．．EN(X)
1240．．．無線鏈路
1240'．．．無線鏈路
1242．．．無線鏈路
1242'．．．無線鏈路
1244．．．EN(1')
1244'．．．EN(1')
1246．．．EN(X')
1246'．．．EN(X')
1248．．．無線鏈路
1248'．．．無線鏈路
1250．．．無線鏈路
1250'．．．無線鏈路
1252．．．EN(1")
1252'．．．EN(1")
1254'．．．EN(X")
1254．．．EN(X")
1256．．．無線鏈路
1256'．．．無線鏈路
1258．．．無線鏈路
1258'．．．無線鏈路
1260．．．網路節點
1262．．．網路鏈路
1264．．．網路鏈路
1266．．．網路鏈路
1268．．．小區邊界區域
1300．．．基地台
1302．．．接收器
1303．．．扇區化天線
1304．．．發射器
1305．．．扇區化天線
1306．．．處理器
1308．．．輸入/輸出介面
1309．．．匯流排
1310．．．記憶體
1312．．．解碼器
1314．．．編碼器
1326．．．排程器模組
1350．．．終端ID
1352．．．扇區ID
1400．．．無線終端/WT1
1402．．．接收器
1403．．．天線
1404．．．發射器
1405．．．天線
1406．．．處理器
1408．．．記憶體
1410．．．匯流排
1412．．．解碼器
1414．．．編碼器
圖1說明依據本文所述之一或多個方面之一認知通訊系統。
圖2a係依據本文所述之一或多個方面之一認知行動器件之一說明。
圖2b說明一信標信號及在一範例性OFDMA系統及還使用OFDM之一範例性特定網路系統中信標信號之使用。
圖3說明依據本文所述之一或多個方面之一認知通訊系統。
圖4說明依據本文所述之一或多個方面之一認知通訊系統。
圖5說明依據本文所述之一或多個方面用於在資源中轉換一通訊階段之一方法。
圖6說明依據本文所述一或多個方面一種用於在資源中轉換一通訊階段之方法。
圖7係依據本文所述之一或多個方面一認知行動器件之一說明。
圖8說明依據本文所述之一或多個方面一種用於在資源中轉換一通訊階段之方法。
圖9a係依據本文所述之一或多個方面說明範例性資源之一范恩圖。
圖9b至9d係依據本文所述之一或多個方面說明一使用者移動穿過各種位置及在每個位置可用之相關聯通訊之范恩圖。
圖10係依據一或多個方面之一範例性無線通訊系統之一說明。
圖11a說明依據各種方面一種使用不同組資源來採用並行階段之方法。
圖11b說明一種用於作為器件或使用者狀態之一函數來將一階段從一組資源轉換至另一組資源之方法。
圖12a說明依據各種方面所實施之一範例性通訊系統之一網路圖。
圖12b說明依據各種方面具有多個模式之一範例性通訊系統之一網路圖。
圖13說明依據各種方面所實施之一範例性基地台。
圖14說明依據各種方面所實施之一範例性基地台。
圖15說明用於一OFDM系統之一範例性音調組。
100．．．認知無線網路通訊系統
102．．．基地台/認知行動器件
110．．．目標

Claims (71)

  1. 一種無線資料發送方法，其包含：與一通訊階段相關來決定一目前通訊狀態或推斷一使用者設備未來狀態；決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源來作為該已決定之目前通訊狀態或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數，該轉換包括將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中決定是否從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源係對該通訊階段之一方的身份之一函數。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中當一客戶或雇員係對呼叫之一方時，然後當一客戶或雇員不是對呼叫之一方時，決定是否從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源係被不同地執行。
  4. 如請求項2之方法，其包含：決定使用者狀態；以及作為該已決定使用者狀態之一函數來選擇該第二組資源。
  5. 如請求項3之方法，其包含作為該已推斷使用者狀態之一函數來選擇該第二組資源。
  6. 如請求項1之方法，其中決定是否從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源係與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本之一函數。
  7. 如請求項1之方法，其中決定是否從一第一組資源轉換至一第二組資源係根據已儲存使用者偏好來執行；以及在該轉換之前或之後的回音潛在性。
  8. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為資源成本之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  9. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為預定義策略之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  10. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為使用者歷史資訊之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  11. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為與一使用者進行通訊之第三方之身份之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  12. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為資源最佳化之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  13. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為使用者運動之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  14. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為通訊上下文之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源。
  15. 如請求項1之方法，其包含在該轉換期間並行地採用兩 組資源。
  16. 如請求項15之方法，其包含在確認該第二組資源正在適當發揮功能之後停止採用該第一組資源。
  17. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為該使用者設備之預測未來狀態之一函數來預擷取該第二組資源之子集。
  18. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為一使用者之預測未來狀態之一函數來預擷取該第二組資源之子集。
  19. 如請求項1之方法，其包含作為該第一組資源之一子集之預期損失之一函數來預擷取該第二組資源之子集。
  20. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一CDMA服務轉換至一GSM服務。
  21. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一GSM服務轉換至一CDMA服務。
  22. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一CDMA服務轉換至一OFDM服務。
  23. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一OFDM服務轉換至一CDMA服務。
  24. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一OFDM服務轉換至一GSM服務。
  25. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一GSM服務轉換至一OFDM服務。
  26. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一許可頻帶轉換至一未許可頻帶。
  27. 如請求項1之方法，其包含將該通訊階段從一未許可頻 帶轉換至一許可頻帶。
  28. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一訂戶台係一汽車電話且該第二訂戶台係一蜂巢式電話。
  29. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一訂戶台係為下列項目中之一者：一蜂巢式電話、一無繩電話、一階段開始協定(SIP)電話、一無線區域迴路(WLL)台、一個人數位助理(PDA)及具有無線連接能力之一手持器件。
  30. 如請求項29之方法，其中該第二訂戶台係為下列項目中之一者：一蜂巢式電話、一無繩電話、一階段開始協定(SIP)電話、一無線區域迴路(WLL)台、一個人數位助理(PDA)及具有無線連接能力之一手持器件，該第二訂戶台使用與該第一訂戶台不同的通訊資源。
  31. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一訂戶台係為使用一許可頻帶之一蜂巢式電話且該第二訂戶台係為使用一未許可頻帶之一家庭電話。
  32. 如請求項1之方法，其中該第一及該第二訂戶台中之一者係為一蜂巢式電話且該等訂戶台中之另一者係為一類比電話。
  33. 如請求項1之方法，其中該回授雜訊係與一通訊階段相關之並行採用多組資源之一副製造物品。
  34. 如請求項1之方法，其中決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源亦為下列項目之一函數：靠近一第一電話之聲頻雜訊。
  35. 如請求項34之方法，其中該聲頻雜訊包括一狗叫聲。
  36. 一種方便無線資料發送之裝置，其包含：一處理組件，其執行以電腦為主的指令來決定一目前通訊狀態或推斷一使用者設備未來狀態；一模組，其用以決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及一轉換組件，當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，該轉換組件將該通訊階段從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源來作為該已決定之目前通訊狀態或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數，該轉換組件將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  37. 如請求項36之裝置，其包含一人工智慧組件，其採用機器學習技術以方便決定關於使用者狀態之推斷。
  38. 如請求項36之裝置，其包含提供用於以多模式為主通訊的一通訊組件。
  39. 如請求項38之裝置，該通訊組件可採用下列服務類型之至少二類型：CDMA、OFDM或GSM服務。
  40. 如請求項36之裝置，該處理組件與選擇採用該第二組資源相關來執行一以實用為主的分析。
  41. 如請求項36之裝置，該處理組件自動選擇採用該第二組資源。
  42. 如請求項36之裝置，該處理組件產生關於該第二組資源之一使用者推薦。
  43. 如請求項36之裝置，其中該使用者狀態係決定為從一以位置為主服務所接收之資訊之一函數。
  44. 如請求項36之裝置，其包含N數目的天線，其中N大於1。
  45. 如請求項36之裝置，該通訊組件並行地採用該等N天線之一子集。
  46. 如請求項45之裝置，該等N個天線各別係指定用於下列協定之至少二協定：CDMA、GSM、OFDM、藍牙或超寬頻。
  47. 一種用於無線資料發射之裝置，其包含：決定構件，其用於決定資源可用性；決定構件，其用於在一通訊階段期間決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及轉換構件，其用於當該決定構件決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源來作為該已決定資源之可用度之一函數，該轉換構件將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  48. 如請求項47之裝置，其包含用於決定或推斷與該通訊相關聯之使用者狀態的構件。
  49. 如請求項48之裝置，其中該用於轉換該通訊之構件與選擇該第二組資源相關將該已決定或推斷使用者狀態作為因素。
  50. 如請求項47之裝置，其包含用於並行採用多個通訊協定之構件。
  51. 如請求項47之裝置，其包含用於並行採用該等第一及第二組資源之構件。
  52. 一種非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其具有若干電腦可執行指令儲存於其上用於控制一通訊器件，該非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體包含：用於控制該器件以與一通訊階段相關來決定一目前通訊狀態或推斷一使用者設備未來狀態之若干指令；用於控制該器件以決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數之若干指令：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及用於控制該器件當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源來作為該已決定之目前通訊狀態或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數之若干指令，該等指令控制該器件以將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  53. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於控制該器件以決定使用者狀態之若干指令。
  54. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於控制該器件以推斷使用者狀態之若干指令。
  55. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於作為該已決定使用者狀態之一函數來選擇該第二組資源之若干指令。
  56. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於作為該已推斷使用者狀態之一函數來選擇該第二組資源之若干指令。
  57. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於識別未來變得不可用之資源之若干指令。
  58. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於作為使用者偏好之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源之若干指令。
  59. 如請求項52之電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於作為資源成本之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源之若干指令。
  60. 如請求項52之非暫時性電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於作為預定義策略之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源之若干指令。
  61. 如請求項52之電腦可讀取媒體，其包含用於作為與一使用者進行通訊之第三方之身份之一函數將該通訊階段轉換至該第二組資源之若干指令。
  62. 一種處理器，其執行若干指令用於方便無線通訊，該等指令包含： 用於與一通訊階段相關來決定一目前通訊狀態或推斷一使用者設備未來狀態之若干指令；用於決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數之若干指令：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及用於當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源來作為該已決定之目前通訊狀態或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數之若干指令，該轉換包括將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  63. 一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送方法，其包含：在一通訊階段期間監控一使用者狀態來決定一目前通訊狀態或推斷一使用者設備未來狀態；決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從一許可通訊頻帶轉換至一未許可通訊頻帶來作為該目前通訊狀態或推斷使用者設備狀態之一函數， 該轉換包括將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  64. 一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送方法，其包含：在一通訊階段期間監控一使用者狀態或使用者設備之狀態；決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從一第一通訊頻帶轉換至一第二通訊頻帶來作為該使用者狀態或該使用者設備之狀態之一函數，該轉換包括將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
  65. 如請求項64之方法，其中該第一通訊頻帶係一未許可通訊頻帶。
  66. 如請求項64之方法，其中該第一通訊頻帶係一許可通訊頻帶。
  67. 如請求項64之方法，其包含決定該使用者設備正處於一暫停模式，該使用者設備係為該第一及該第二訂戶台中之一者。
  68. 如請求項67之方法，其包含在該使用者設備正處於一傳呼模式之情況下建立一第二通訊階段。
  69. 如請求項68之方法，其包含在非傳呼時間週期期間使用該第二組資源。
  70. 如請求項69之方法，其包含臨時暫停該第二通訊階段，並返回到該第一通信階段來檢查一傳呼通道。
  71. 一種通訊服務提供者所提供之無線資料發送方法，其包含：在一通訊階段期間監控使用者設備之狀態；決定是否從包括一第一訂戶台之一第一組資源轉換至包括一第二訂戶台之一第二組資源來作為下列項目中至少一者之一函數：(i)與丟棄該通訊階段相關聯之一成本；(ii)回音潛在性；(iii)回授雜訊或(iv)對該通訊階段之一方的身份；以及當決定從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源時，將該通訊階段從該第一組資源轉換至該第二組資源，該轉換包括將該通訊階段從該第一訂戶台轉換至該第二訂戶台。
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US20080039066A1 (en) 2008-02-14
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