CN101371603B - 无线对等网络中的无线设备发现 - Google Patents

无线对等网络中的无线设备发现 Download PDF

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CN101371603B
CN101371603B CN2007800022009A CN200780002200A CN101371603B CN 101371603 B CN101371603 B CN 101371603B CN 2007800022009 A CN2007800022009 A CN 2007800022009A CN 200780002200 A CN200780002200 A CN 200780002200A CN 101371603 B CN101371603 B CN 101371603B
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peer device
peer
interval
signal
wireless terminal
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CN101371603A (zh
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R·拉洛亚
李君易
T·理查德森
吴新州
A·约维西科
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

描述了便于检测和/或标识局域对等网络中的对等设备的系统和方法。用于执行对等设备之间的相互检测和标识的时间(例如，对等设备发现区间)可以被同步(例如，基于向对等设备广播的信号)。进一步，在每个划分的对等设备发现区间中，无线终端可选择时间的一部分时间来发送(例如广播)可以用于对等设备来检测和/和识别无线终端的短消息。而且，在所分割的对等设备发现区间内的剩余时间可以被用于监听从对等设备接收到的短消息。

Description

无线对等网络中的无线设备发现
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2006年1月11日提交的题为“使用信标信号便于标识、同步、或采集的方法和装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATINGIDENTIFICATION，SYNCHRONIZATION OR ACQUISITION USINGBEACON SIGNALS)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/758,010、于2006年1月11日提交的题为“在AD HOC无线网络中使用信标信号进行标识、同步、或采集的方法和装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR USING BEACONSIGNALS FOR IDENTIFICATION，SYNCHRONIZATION OR ACQUISITIONIN AN AD HOC WIRELESS NETWORK)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/758,011、于2006年1月11日提交的题为“认知无线电网络中使用信标信号的方法和装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR USING BEACONSIGNALS IN A COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/758,012、于2006年9月15日提交的题为“功率分配方案(POWERALLOCATION SCHEME)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/845,052、于2006年9月15日提交的题为“混合无线通信系统中的信标(BEACONS IN A MIXEDWIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/845,051、以及于2006年10月27日提交的题为“混合通信系统中的信标(BEACONS IN A MIXED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM)”的美国临时专利申请序列号60/863,304的优先权。通过引用将前述申请的全部内容结合于此。
背景
1.领域
以下描述一般涉及无线通信，尤其涉及在对等网络中允许对等设备相互发现和标识。
2.背景
无线通信系统被广泛应用以提供各种类型的通信，例如，可通过这些无线通信系统来提供语音和/或数据。一般的无线通信系统或网络可向多个用户提供到一个或多个共享资源的访问。例如，系统可以使用多种多路存取技术，诸如频分复用(FDM)、时分复用(TDM)、码分复用(CDM)、正交频分复用(OFDM)等。
常见的无线通信系统使用提供覆盖范围的一个或多个基站。一般的基站可以发送多个数据流用于广播、组播和/或单播服务，其中数据流可以是关于无线终端独立接收的数据流。在这种基站的覆盖范围内的无线终端可用于接收由合成流承载的一个、多个或全部数据流。同样，无线终端可向基站或另一无线终端发送数据。
无线通信系统利用无线频谱的各部分用于传送数据。然而，无线频谱是昂贵和很有价值的资源。例如，若企业希望在无线频谱(例如在许可的频谱内)的一部分上运行无线通信系统，则可导致巨额成本。进一步，常规技术一般仅提供对无线频谱的低效利用。根据常见说明，分配给广域网蜂窝通信的频谱通常并未在时间和空间上被均匀使用；因此，在给定的地理位置或在给定的时间区间内可能有大量的频谱子集未被使用。
根据另一示例，无线通信系统通常使用对等或自组织(ad hoc)架构，其中无线终端可直接向另一无线终端传送信号。如此，信号无需通过基站；相反，处于彼此射程之内的无线终端可直接发现和/或进行通信。然而，常规的对等网络一般以异步方式操作，从而对等设备在特定时刻可实现不同任务。因此，对等设备可遭受与射程内的不同对等设备进行标识和/或通信相关联的困难，不能有效利用功率，等等。
概述
以下呈现一个或多个实施例的简化概述以提供对这些实施例的基本理解。该概述并非所有可预见实施例的广泛总述，且并非旨在标识所有实施例的关键或重要元素，亦非旨在描绘任一或所有实施例的范围。其唯一目的在于以简化的形式呈现一个或多个实施例的某些概念，作为随后所呈现的更详细描述的序言。
根据一个或多个实施例及其相应的公开内容，结合便于检测和/或标识局域对等网络中的对等设备来描述各方面。对等设备之间的相互检测和标识的执行时间(例如，对等设备发现区间)可被同步(例如基于广播到对等设备的信号)。进一步，在每一划分的对等设备发现区间内，无线终端可选择时间的一部分来发送(例如，广播)可被对等设备用来检测和/或标识无线终端的短消息。此外，在该划分的对等设备发现区间内的剩余时间可用于监听从对等设备接收到的短消息。
根据相关方面，本文描述操作对等网络中的第一无线终端的方法。该方法可包括接收来自信号源的第一信号，其中该信号源是基站、存取节点、或GPS卫星中的至少一个。此外，该方法还包括基于所接收到的第一信号来确定第一序列的对等设备发现区间的时间位置。
另一方面涉及无线通信装置。该无线通信装置可包括保留与从信号源获得第一信号并基于所获得的第一信号来标识第一序列的对等设备发现区间的时间位置相关的指令的存储器。此外，该无线通信装置可包括耦合到存储器的、配置成执行保留在存储器中的指令的处理器。
又一方面涉及允许对等网络中对等设备发现的时间周期进行同步的无线通信装置。该无线通信装置可包括用于接收来自信号源的第一信号的装置、以及用于基于第一信号来定位第一序列的对等设备发送区间的时间位置的装置。
另一方面涉及其上存储了机器可执行指令的机器可读介质，这些指令用于获得来自基站的第一信号、并作为所获得的第一信号的函数来确定对等设备发现区间的序列的时间位置，基于所获得的信号将该序列与对等网络中的对等设备的不同序列进行同步。
根据另一方面，无线通信系统中的装置可包括处理器，其中该处理器可被配置成获得来自基站的周期信号。此外，该处理器可被配置成基于所获得的周期信号来标识对等设备发现区间的序列的时间位置，其中在对等网络的对等设备之间同步对等设备发现区间的序列。
为完成前述和相关目标，这些一个或多个实施例包括此后完整描述并在权利要求中具体指出的特征。以下描述和附图详细阐述一个或多个实施例的特定说明方面。但是，这些方面仅是其中可使用各实施例原理的各种方法的少数的说明，且所述实施例旨在包括所有这些方面及其等效技术方案。
附图简述
图1是根据本文所述各方面的无线通信系统的视图。
图2是同步对等网络中的无线终端之间的通信的示例系统的视图。
图3是同步的对等设备用来在对等环境中进行通信的示例时序图的视图。
图4是对等设备发现区间的示例时序图的视图。
图5是在对等网络上实现同步通信的示例系统的视图。
图6是与在对等设备发现区间期间与发送相关的示例时频网格的视图。
图7是便于操作对等网络中的无线终端的示例方法的视图。
图8是便于发送允许对等设备检测并标识对等网络中的无线设备的消息的示例方法的视图。
图9是便于检测和标识对等网络中的对等设备的示例方法的视图。
图10是根据各方面实现的包括多个小区的示例通信系统的视图。
图11是根据各方面的示例基站的视图。
图12是根据本文所述各方面实现的示例无线终端(例如移动设备，端节点)的视图。
图13是允许同步用于对等网络中的对等设备发现的时间周期的示例系统。
详细描述
现参考附图描述各实施例，其中贯穿全文使用相同的附图标记来指示相同的元件。在以下描述中，出于解释的目的，阐述大量具体细节以提供对一个或多个实施例的透彻理解。然而明显的是，这些实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可实施。在其他情况下，为便于描述一个或多个实施例，以框图的形式来显示已知结构和设备。
如在本申请中所使用的，术语“元件”、“模块”、“系统”等旨在指计算机相关实体，或者硬件、固件、硬件与软件的组合、软件或执行中的软件。例如，组件可以是，但不限于是，处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行的、执行的线程、程序，和/或计算机，但是不限制与此。作为说明，在计算设备上运行的应用程序和该计算设备两者都可以是组件。一个或多个组件可驻留在执行的进程和/或线程中，而组件可置于一台计算机内和/或分布在两台或多台计算机之间。此外，这些组件可根据其上存储了各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质来执行。这些组件可通过本地和/或远程进程来进行通信，诸如根据具有一个或多个数据分组的信号(例如，来自通过该信号与本地系统、分布式系统中的另一组件，和/或跨越诸如因特网等网络与其他系统进行交互的一个组件的数据)。
此外，本文结合无线终端来描述各种实施例。无线终端也可称为系统、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动、移动设备、远程站、远程终端、接入终端、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理、用户设备、或用户装备(UE)。无线终端可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(SIP)电话、无线本地环路(WLL)站、个人数字助理(PDA)、具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、计算设备、或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备。此外，本文结合基站来描述的各种实施例。基站可用于与无线终端进行通信，且也可被称为接入节点、节点B、或某些其他术语。
此外，本文所述各方法或特征可作为方法、装置或使用标准编程和/或工程技术的制品来实现。本文使用术语“制品”旨在涵盖可从任意计算机可读设备、载体、或介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可包括，但不限于，磁性存储设备(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁条，等)、光盘(例如，压缩盘(CD)、数字多用盘(DVD)等)、智能卡、以及闪存设备(例如，EPROM、卡、棒、键驱动等)。此外，本文所述的各种存储介质可表示用于存储信息的一个或多个设备和/或其他机器可读介质。术语“机器可读介质”可包括，但不限于，无线信道和各种可存储、保存和/或承载指令和/或数据的其他介质。
现参考图1，根据本文所展示的各种实施例来示出无线通信系统100。系统100可包括一个或多个无线终端102。虽然示出两个无线终端102，应了解系统100基本上可包括任意数量的无线终端102。无线终端102可以是，例如蜂窝电话、智能电话、膝上型计算机、手持式通信设备、手持式计算设备、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、PDA、和/或用于在无线通信系统100上进行通信的任意其他合适设备。无线终端102可通过局域对等(P2P)网络(例如，ad hoc网络)相互直接进行通信。可通过在无线终端102之间之间传送信号来实现对等通信，因此，信号不需要通过基站(例如基站104)。对等网络可提供短距离、高数据传输速率的通信(例如，家庭、企业等之内的类型设置)。
此外，系统100可支持广域网(WAN)。系统100可包括基站104(例如接入节点)和/或在一个或多个扇区内的任意数量的不同基站(未示出)，这些基站相互之间和/或与一个或多个无线终端102之间可进行无线通信系统信号的接收、发送、重复等。基站104可包括发射机链和接收机链，本领域的技术人员将了解，其每一个可依次包括与信号发送和接收相关联的多个组件(例如处理器、调制器、多路复用器、解调器、多路分解器、天线……)。在通过系统100支持的广域基础设施进行通信时，无线终端102可发送信号到基站104和/或从基站104接收信号。
无线终端102之间的对等通信可以是同步的。例如，无线终端102可使用共同的时钟参考来同步不同功能的执行。无线终端102可从基站104(和/或提供较少功能的发射机(未示出))获得用于同步无线终端102的操作的时序信号。无线终端102可从诸如GPS卫星等其他资源获得时序信号。根据说明，在对等网络中可有意义地划分时间以用于诸如对等设备发现、寻呼、和业务等功能。此外，可以预料每个对等网络可设置其自己的时间。
在对等网络中的通信可发生之前，无线终端102(例如对等设备)可相互进行检测和标识。对等设备之间的相互检测和标识发生的过程可称为对等设备发现。系统100可通过提供希望建立对等通信的对等设备周期性地发送短消息并监听其他对等设备的发送来支持对等设备发现。
用于对等设备发现的发送可在称作对等设备发现区间的指定时间期间周期性地发生，其时序可由一协议来预定并被无线终端102知晓。对等设备可同步到共同的时钟参考。例如，无线终端102可解码来自本地定位的基站104的少量广播信息。同步可允许在给定地理位置的对等设备识别每个发现区间的开始和结束。
局域对等网络和广域网可共享一共同的无线频谱来实现通信，因此，可经由不同类型的网络共享带宽用于传送数据。例如，对等网络和广域网两者都可在许可的频谱上进行通信。然而，对等通信不需要使用广域网基础设施。
现转到图2，示出同步对等网络中的无线终端之间的通信的系统200。系统200包括基本上可直接与任意数量的不同无线终端(例如，不同无线终端1204，……，不同无线终端X 206，其中X是任一整数)进行通信的无线终端202。虽然下文提供关于无线终端202的详细描述，应了解，这些说明可同样地应用到不同无线终端204-206。
无线终端202进一步包括使无线终端202与不同无线终端204-206之间的时序相一致的同步器208。同步器208可从共同时钟参考获得其时序。不同无线终端204-206的类似同步器(未示出)可从相同的共同时钟参考获得他们各自的时序。进一步，同步器208可使用预定协议来评估该共同时钟参考，以标识在与该公共时钟参考相关的时刻(例如，当前时间)将实现的功能的类型。因此，例如，同步器208和不同无线终端204-206的类似同步器(未示出)可确定从该共同时钟参考所标识的时间周期可用于对等设备发现、寻呼或业务中一个。所标识的时间周期对于同步器208和不同无线终端204-206的类似同步器(未示出)来说基本上是相同或类似的，即使无线终端202-206还没有相互直接进行通信。
同步器208所使用的共同时钟参考可以是来自无线终端202和不同无线终端204-206附近的基站(未示出)的广播信息。另一共同时钟参考可包括GPS卫星信号。例如，广播信息可以是信标、PN(伪随机)序列信号、导频信号或其他广播信号。此外，可周期性地从基站接收广播信号。而且，可由同步器208根据广播信号来确定时序信息。作为说明，无线终端202和不同无线终端204-206可接收并同步到相同的广播信号，且因此，具有对时间的共同理解。时间的共同概念可用于根据由空中接口协议所定义的预定模式将时间线划分成不同的周期用于每种类型的功能(例如，对等设备发现、寻呼、业务)。
此外，无线终端202可包括在由同步器208所确定的对等设备发现区间期间实现对等设备发现的对等设备发现通信器210。对等设备发现通信器210可进一步包括信号广播器212和对等设备检测器214。信号广播器212可在对等设备发现区间的第一部分向不同无线终端204-206发送消息，该消息允许不同无线终端204-206检测和标识无线终端202。进一步，在对等设备发现区间的第二部分，对等设备检测器214可接收从不同无线终端204-206发送的消息；对等设备检测器214可分析接收到的消息以检测和标识该消息所对应的不同无线终端204-206。在某些实施例中，对等设备发现区间的第一和第二部分在时间上不交叠。进一步，在对等设备发现区间的第一和第二部分之间保留发送/接收转换安全时间。
举例来说，无线终端202可进入包括不同无线终端1204和不同无线终端X 206的对等网络。一旦进入该网络，同步器208可确定与对等通信相关的时序(例如，基于接收到的共同时钟参考)。进一步，在划分用于对等设备发现的时间，信号广播器212可向射程内的不同无线终端(例如，不同无线终端204-206)广播信号。该信号可被不同无线终端204-206用来检测无线终端202已经进入该网络和/或确定无线终端202的身份。而且，对等设备检测器214可获得来自不同无线终端204-206的广播信号。对等设备检测器214可分析所获得的信号以检测不同无线终端204-206和/或标识不同无线终端204-206。
由对等设备发现通信器210实现的对等设备发现可以是被动的。进一步，对等设备发现可以是对称的，因此，无线终端202可检测和标识无线终端1204，且不同无线终端1 204可以检测和标识无线终端202。然而，可以预见，第一无线终端可检测和标识第二无线终端，但第二无线终端可能不能检测和标识第一无线终端。而且，所定义的用于对等设备发现的时间区间可比对等设备发现区间之间的时间短许多。此外，基于检测和标识，可实现无线终端202与不同无线终端204-206之间的进一步通信(例如，寻呼，业务)，但并非必需。
参考图3，示出由在对等环境内进行通信的同步对等设备所使用的示例时序图300。可使用用于对等设备发现的区间以及用于诸如寻呼和通信业务等不同功能的区间来划分时序图300。如上所述，对等设备之间可基于共同时钟参考相互同步，因此，各对等设备可具有对时序图300的共同概念。示出对等设备发现区间302。每个对等设备发现区间302具有持续时间T0。对等设备发现区间302可专用于检测和标识对等设备。此外，各对等设备发现区间302之间的时间可以是T1。在相邻对等设备发现区间302之间的T1内可包含任意数量的寻呼和/或业务区间。在T1区间期间，例如当终端在对等设备发现区间中未找到任何对等设备或未找到任何感兴趣的对等设备时，该终端可以转换到休眠模式(例如，为了省电)。
分配用于对等设备发现的时间量可以是整个时间的小片段。例如，对等设备发现区间之间的时间(T1)可比分配给每个对等设备发现区间302的时间(T0)大至少5倍。根据另一示例，T1与T0的比率可以是10、50、100、200、300等等。根据另一示例，对等设备发现区间302可具有2ms的数量级的持续时间T0(例如，约10ms、50ms)。作为进一步说明，对等设备发现区间之间的时间T1可以是几秒或1分钟的数量级。分配整体时间的一小部分用于对等设备发现提供对功率的有效利用，因为未参与传送寻呼和/或业务的对等设备在每个对等设备发现区间302之间的时间T1期间可休眠。
参考图4，示出对等设备发现区间的示例时序图400。对等设备发现区间可包括多个可能的期间无线终端可广播信号的发送时间。例如，对等设备发现区间可包括N个码元(例如OFDM码元)，其中N可以是任一整数。进一步，每个码元可持续10微秒，而N可以是50、100、200等，然而，权利要求并非被这样限制。对等网络中的每个对等设备可使用一个或多个码元进行发送；对等设备可监听这些码元的剩余部分以检测和/或标识射程内的其他对等设备。根据一个示例，对等设备可在第一时间时在第一码元上并在第二时间时在第二码元上进行发送，其中第一时间和第二时间可以是相邻或不相邻的。
根据一个示例，对等设备发现区间可包括200个码元。在一个或多个实施例中，终端可使用这200个码元用于发送广播信号。在其他实施例中，每个其他码元可用于发送(例如，100个码元可用于发送)。在对等设备发现区间之前，希望进行对等通信的每个无线终端都可选择一个或多个发送码元(例如，根据上面的示例，从全部100个发射码元中选择)。在所选择的码元时间，无线终端向不同无线终端(例如，对等设备)发送消息。该消息可在一个所选发送码元中包括一个频调。此外，在对等设备发现区间中剩余码元时间的至少一个片段期间，无线终端监听并解码不同无线终端的发送。由于对等通信可使用半双工模式，其中无线终端在特定时刻或者发送或者接收数据，则该无线终端可在10％的发送时间中进行发送而在剩余的90％的时间中进行接收。作为另一示例，无线终端可在30％的时间中进行发送而在70％的时间中进行接收。根据说明，无线终端可基于标识符和/或时间标记(例如，从接收到的信标所导出的)来确定发送时间和/或波形(例如在所选发送码元中发送的频率频调)来进行发送。时间标记本质上是时变变量。所有的无线终端可获取相同的时间概念。例如，无线终端可从来自基站的广播信号(例如信标)中获得时变变量。时变变量可以是广播信号中发送的某些变量。例如，该变量可以是某些随时间变化的计时器或系统时间。在本文中，时间概念被称作计时器。希望的是该计时器从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时发生变化。作为进一步的示例，无线终端可使用伪随机数发生器，其种子可以是无线终端的标识符以及由来自基站的广播信号所提供的当前计数器值，来选择发送时间和/或波形。由于计时器变化，所以所选择的发送码元时间和/或波形从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时也发生变化。
现在参考图5，示出在对等网络上实现同步通信的系统500。系统500包括可通过对等网络与不同无线终端(例如，对等设备)进行通信的无线终端202。无线终端202包括协调各功能(例如，对等设备发现、寻呼，业务)的执行的同步器208。同步器208可获得并分析共同时钟参考来确定有意义的时间概念。此外，不同无线终端可获得并分析该共同时钟参考以产生相同的时间概念，因此，在局域中的对等设备可与相同的共同时钟参考同步(例如，来自相同基站的)。因此，对等设备彼此不直接进行通信就可获得相同的时序(同步的时序)。例如，该共同时钟参考可以是无线终端202和对等设备的射程内的基站所发送的信标信号。进一步，无线终端202可包括对等设备发现通信器210，其进一步包括信号广播器212和对等设备检测器214。
对等设备发现通信器210也可包括信号发生器502，其产生将由信号广播器212发送的消息。根据一个示例，信号发生器502可确定在对等设备发现区间内的发送时间和/或将发送的波形。信号发生器502可作为标识符(ID)(例如，对应于无线终端202)和时间(例如，根据共同时钟参考所确定的)的函数来生成消息的发送时间和/或波形。根据一个示例，由信号发生器502生成的消息可以是提供功率效率的信标信号，因此，信号发生器502可实现在所选OFDM码元上发送特定频调。可以预见，可发送多于一个信标信号。进一步，由于隐私的问题，需要实施保护以减少不期望的无线终端202的ID分配。
根据另一示例，信号发生器502可向信号广播器212提供一个与无线终端202相关的、可向对等设备广播的ID。获得该ID的对等设备可通过使用所接收到的ID来检测和标识无线终端202。例如，无线终端202的ID可以是M位散列函数的输出，该函数的输入是无线终端202的纯文本名称和由基站广播信号(例如共同时钟参考，信标……)所提供的当前计时器值。例如，该计时器值在当前对等设备发现区间期间可以是常数，并可被所有对等设备解码。进一步，该散列函数可由一协议先验指定，并被这些对等设备知晓。
举例来说，对等设备检测器214可维持与无线终端202相关联的伙伴对等设备的普通文本名称的列表。进一步，基于解码特定ID，对等设备检测器214可使用当前计数器值对其普通文本伙伴名称进行散列。如果输出ID中的至少一个与解码的ID相匹配，则对等设备检测器214可推断存在相应的伙伴对等设备。如果没有发现匹配或有多个匹配，则对等设备检测器214不能推断存在任何伙伴对等设备。而且，每个对等设备可以改变之前表示为M的ID产生散列函数的位数，从而确保其最终被发现。对等设备维持被检测到出现在当前时间的不同无线终端的列表。该列表可包括所有不同无线终端或可包括在无线终端202的预定伙伴列表中的那些或正在使用无线终端202的用户。随着时间的推移，该列表也变化，因为某些不同无线终端可能会消失(例如，由于相应用户离开)，或因为出现其他不同无线终端(例如，由于相应用户接近)。对等设备将新的不同无线终端添加到该列表或从该列表中删除消失的不同无线终端。在一个实施例中，对等设备被动地维持该列表。在这种情况下，第一对等设备可以检测到第二对等设备的存在并将第二对等设备保存在其列表中而不通知第二对等设备。因此，第二对等设备可能不知道第一对等设备已经将第二对等设备保存在列表中。对称地，取决于无线信道和接口条件，第二对等设备也可检测到第一对等设备的存在并将第一对等设备保存在其列表中而不通知第一对等设备。在另一实施例中，在第一对等设备检测到第二对等设备的存在之后，第一对等设备主动发送信号来通知第二对等设备使得第二对等设备现在知道第一对等设备已经将第二对等设备保存在列表中，虽然第一对等设备还没有数据业务要与第二对等设备进行通信。第一对等设备可选择性地确定其是否发送信号。例如，第一对等设备可只向预定伙伴列表中的另一对等设备发送信号。
无线终端202还可以包括寻呼器504和业务通信器506。基于由同步器208生成的同步时间概念，寻呼器504和业务通信器506可以在各自的分配用于各功能的时间期间通过对等网络发送和/或接收信号。基于检测和标识对等设备，寻呼器504允许无线终端202启动与对等设备的通信。进一步，在所分配的业务区间期间，无线终端202和该对等设备可通过使用业务通信器506来发送和/或接收业务。
无线终端202此外还可包括状态转换器508。为提供功率节省，在与除对等设备发现之外的功能(例如，寻呼、业务)相关的时间区间期间，当无线终端202没有参与这些功能时，状态转换器508可允许无线终端202进入休眠状态。此外，在对等设备发现区间期间，状态转换器508将无线终端202转换到工作状态(例如，从休眠模式)以允许无线终端202发现对等设备和/或被对等设备发现。
而且，无线终端202可包括存储器510和处理器512。存储器510可以保存与无线终端202相关联的标识符。此外，存储器510可包含可被对等设备检测器214参考的伙伴对等设备列表。此外，存储器510可保存与同步不同无线终端用于不同功能的时间区间、在局域中建立用于对等设备发现的时间的共同周期(例如，基于从基站获得的信息)、标识对等设备发现区间中用于广播无线终端相关信号的位置、生成用于发送到不同无线终端的信号、检测和/或标识射程内的不同无线终端等相关的指令。而且，处理器512可执行本文所述的指令。
根据一个示例，对等网络可在与蜂窝网络(例如广域网)相同的频带中进行操作。在此情况下，对等设备可遵从发送功率上限以减少为上行链路蜂窝移动设备所引起的过度干扰。例如，可使用开环功率控制，从而无线终端202可通过测量来自基站的的信号的接收功率来估计其到基站的通路增益。因此，每个对等设备可在基站的接收功率低于一特定门限的约束下选择其发送功率。
由于用于对等通信的一般通信距离是以米(或几十米)的数量级来计算的，由于延迟传播可能更短，所以码元周期与蜂窝通信相比明显较短。因此，时分双工(TDD)对等通信可使用比蜂窝系统中更少的延迟来完成，因为可减少发送和监听之间的转换时间。例如，码元周期可以是10微秒，其具有覆盖大约1微秒延迟传播的循环前缀。
参考图6，示出与对等设备发现区间期间的发送相关联的示例时频网格600。X轴表示时间且可包含N个码元(例如，其中N可以是任一整数)，而Y轴表示频率且可包含M个频调(例如，M可以是任一整数)。根据一个示例，无线终端可选择特定的码元(例如发送时间)用于发送(例如，基于无线终端的标识符或正在使用该无线终端的用户和/或计时器)。进一步，可确定对应于所选码元的特定音频(例如，基于该标识符和/或时间)。因此，如阴影所示，网格600内的x和y坐标(例如，(x1，y1))可提供信息(例如，当由接收该信号的对等设备估计时)。通过发送单个码元，无线终端所使用的字母表可以是log2(M·N)。根据进一步示例，无线终端可使用多个码元用于在对等设备发现区间期间的发送。根据该示例，各频调(例如信标)可在不同时间进行发送。作为说明，如果使用坐标(x1，y1)和坐标(x2，y2)发送两个信标，则x1不同于x2以避免同时发送这两个信标。
参考图7-9，示出与在对等网络中执行对等设备发现相关的方法。同时，出于解释简单的目的，这些方法被示出和描述为一系列动作，应明白和了解，这些方法并被这些动作的顺序所限制，因为根据一个或多个实施例，某些动作可以以不同的顺序发生，和/或与此处所示和描述的其他动作同时发生。例如，本领域的技术人员将明白和了解，方法可替代地表示为一系列的互相关的状态或事件，如在状态表中的。此外，根据一个或多个实施例，实现一种方法并非需要所有所示出的动作。
转到图7，示出便于操作对等网络中的无线终端的方法700。在702处，从信号源(例如，基站、接入节点、GPS卫星……)接收信号。该信号可以是由对等网络附近的基站所广播的，因此，对等网络中执行同步的无线终端以及其他无线终端(例如，可类似地实现同步的)可从该相同基站获得共同信号。进一步，该信号可以是共同时钟参考。根据一个示例，该信号可以是信标、PN(伪随机)序列信号、导频信号等。此外，可周期性地接收该信号。
在704处，可基于该信号来确定对等设备发现区间的序列的时间位置。因此，第一无线终端可确定第一序列的对等设备发现区间。可在对等网络中的无线终端之间同步对等设备发现区间。例如，第二无线终端可从信号源接收信号并基于该信号确定第二序列的对等设备发现区间，其中第二序列与第一序列在时间上基本交叠。可从接收到的信号中导出时序信息。此外，由于不同无线终端可使用相同信号，所以这些无线终端可具有共同的时间概念。进一步，共同的时间概念可用于将时间线划分成不同的周期用于不同类型的功能(例如，对等设备发现、寻呼、业务)。根据一个示例，在该序列中分隔两个相继对等设备发现区间的时间量可比该相继对等设备发现区间中的任何一个的持续时间长至少5倍。根据另一示例，在对等设备发现区间序列中分隔两个相继对等设备发现区间的时间量比两个相继对等设备发现区间中的任意一个的持续时间长至少100倍。此外，可基于接收到的信号来标识有意义地定义的寻呼区间和/或业务区间。根据一个示例，多个寻呼区间和多个业务区间可被定位于相邻的对等设备发现区间之间。此外，无线终端在对等设备发现区间开始之前可从功率节省状态(例如休眠状态)转换到工作状态(例如，如果无线终端在对等设备发现区间之前不参与活动业务)。此外，无线终端在对等设备发现区间结束之后可从工作状态转换到功率节省状态(例如，休眠状态)(例如，如果无线终端在对等设备发现区间之后不参与活动业务)。
现参考图8，示出便于发送允许对等设备检测和标识对等网络中的无线设备的消息的方法800。在802处，可从信号源(例如，基站、接入节点、GPS卫星……)获得信号。例如，可从该信号导出时间。此外，例如，基站可与广域网相关联，且广域网和对等网络之间可共享一共同的频谱(例如，许可的频谱)。在804处，可基于所获得的信号来标识对等设备发现区间序列的时间位置。例如，对等设备发现区间序列的时序可由对等网络内公知的(例如，被包含在对等网络中的不同的无线终端所知晓的)预定协议来指定。进一步，可基于所获得的信号来标识寻呼和/或业务区间。例如，所划分的对等网络的区间可允许对等设备之间进行短距离、高数据传输速率的通信。
在806处，可基于从该信号导出的标识符和计时器变量来选择该序列的每一个对等设备发现区间内的至少一个码元。应了解，可选择代表每个对等设备发现区间的第一片段的一个或多个码元。此外，该标识符可与无线终端和/或当前正在使用该无线终端的用户相关联。可预见，所选码元在对等设备发现区间内的位置从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时可变化。此外，计时器变量的值从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时可变化。进一步，码元的选择可在每个对等设备发现周期之前实现，并可由整个对等网络已知的协议来指定。根据一个示例，每个对等设备发现周期可包含N个码元(例如，OFDM码元)，其中N是任一整数。进一步，N个码元中的每一个都可对应于唯一的发送时间(例如，每个码元可持续10微秒)。此外，可使用半双工模式使得每一时刻仅发生发送或接收，而非发送和接收两者。根据一个示例，发送时间可以是每个对等设备发现区间持续时间的10％或更少(例如，持续时间的90％可用于监听)。根据另一示例，发送时间可占每个对等设备发现区间持续时间的30％，而70％可用于接收。在808处，可在每一个所选码元上广播单个频调(例如，消息)。例如，该频调可用于发送信标信号(例如，以增强效率)。可基于标识符和/或计时器变量来确定该音频的频率位置。此外，该频调的频率位置从对等设备发现区间序列中的一个对等设备发现区间变化到另一个时可变化。此外，该频调的发送功率比相同码元中的任何其他频调的发送功率高至少10倍。进一步，如果广播了多个信标(例如，从一个无线终端)，则不同的码元可对应于这些信标的每一个。
参考图9，示出便于检测和标识对等网络中的对等设备的方法900。在902处，可从信号源获得信号。在904处，可基于所获得的信号来标识对等设备发现区间序列的时间位置。例如，该序列可在时间上与由不同无线终端所确定的对等设备发现区间的不同序列相同步。在906处，在每一个对等设备发现区间的一片段期间可发生监听。例如，每个对等设备发现区间的至少70％用于实现监听，而剩余的用于发送。根据另一示例，对等设备发现区间的90％或更多被无线终端用于监听。此外，选择用于在每个对等设备发现区间期间进行发送的一个或多个码元可排除在用于与每个对等设备发现区间相关联的监听的相应片段之外。在908处，当在当前对等设备发现区间的片段期间进行监听时，可检测来自对等设备的广播消息(例如，信号)。例如，可由接收对等设备在不同于用于发送的时间的时间获得该广播信号，因此，期间发生检测的当前对等设备发现区间的片段可不同于用于发送的当前对等设备发现区间的不同片段。作为进一步的说明，可根据检测到的广播消息来确定频调和码元。在910处，可从该广播消息中解码出标识符(例如，对等设备的和/或使用该对等设备的用户的)。作为说明，可基于从信号源所获得的信号所导出的计时器变量来解码出该标识符。
图8中所述的每个对等设备发现区间的用于发送广播消息的第一片段，与图9中所述的每个对等设备发现区间的用于检测来自其他终端的广播消息的第二片段在时间上不交叠。在一个实施例中，第二片段不比第一片段少。在某些情况下，第二片段可比第一片段大2、4、8、16、50倍等。
根据一个实施例，基于检测对等设备的广播消息并解码出用于该对等设备的相应标识符，可将该标识符添加到表示检测到的终端的标识符的列表中。根据另一示例，可在存储器中保存伙伴标识符的伙伴列表，并可将解码出的标识符与伙伴列表中的伙伴标识符进行比较；进一步，如果比较结果指示检测到的标识符与伙伴列表中的伙伴标识符中的一个基本上相似，则可将该解码出的标识符标记为伙伴标识符中的一个。继续该示例，可向与解码出的标识符相关联的对等设备发送消息通知该对等设备其已经被标识。
根据本文所述的一个或多个方面将了解，可关于发现和标识对等环境中的对等设备做出推论。如此处所使用的，术语“推断”和“推论”一般指系统、环境和/或来自通过事件和/或数据所捕获的观察集合的用户的状态的推理或推断过程。例如，推论可用于标识具体上下文或动作，或可生成状态上的概率分布。推论可以是盖然论的——即，相关状态上的概率分布的计算基于数据和事件的考虑。推论也可指用于从一组事件和/或数据中组成较高级事件的技术。这种推论导致从一组观察到的事件和/或所存储的事件数据来构造新的事件或动作，无论这些事件是否在紧密时间近似性上互相关，也无论这些事件和数据来自一个或多个事件和数据源。
根据一个示例，上述一种或多种方法可包括做出涉及同步对等设备发现区间以结合通过对等网络进行通信进行使用的推论。根据另一示例，可做出关于在对等网络中根据广播信号来估计共同时间概念的推论。应了解，前述示例本质上是示例性的，并非旨在限制可结合本文所述各实施例和/或方法而做出推论的数量或做出的这些推断的方式。
图10描述了根据各方面实现的包括多个小区：小区I 1002、小区M 1004的示例通信系统1000。应注意，如小区边界区域1068所指示的，相邻小区1002、1004稍微交叠，从而产生相邻小区中基站发送的信号之间的信号干扰的可能性。系统1000的每个小区1002、1004包括三个扇区。根据各方面，未被划分成多个扇区的小区(N＝1)、具有两个扇区的小区(N＝2)和具有超过3个扇区的小区(N＞3)也是可能的。小区1002包括第一扇区，扇区I 1010、第二扇区，扇区II 1012、和第三小区，扇区III 1014。每个扇区1010、1012、1014具有两个扇区边界区域；每个边界区域在两个相邻扇区之间共享。
扇区边界区域提供相邻扇区中基站发送的信号之间的信号干扰的可能性。线1016表示扇区I 1010和扇区II 1012之间的扇区边界区域；线1018表示扇区II 1012和扇区III 1014之间的扇区边界区域；线1020表示扇区III 1014和扇区I 1010之间的扇区边界区域。类似地，小区M 1004包括第一扇区，扇区I 1022、第二扇区，扇区II 1024，以及第三扇区，扇区III 1026。线1028表示扇区I 1022和扇区II 1024之间的扇区边界区域；线1030表示扇区II 1024和扇区III 1026之间的扇区边界区域；线1032表示扇区III 1026和扇区I 1022之间的扇区边界区域。小区I 1002包括基站(BS)，基站I 1006，以及在每个扇区1010、1012、1014中的多个端节点(EN)(例如，无线终端)。扇区I 1010包括分别通过无线链路1040、1042耦合到BS 1006的EN(1)1036和EN(X)1038；扇区II 1012包括分别通过无线链路1048、1050耦合到BS 1006的EN(1’)1044和EN(X’)1046；扇区III 1014包括分别通过无线链路1056、1058耦合到BS 1006的EN(1”)1052和EN(X”)1054。类似地，小区M 1004包括基站M1008，以及每个扇区1022、1024、1026中的多个端节点(EN)。扇区I 1022包括分别通过无线链路1040’、1042’耦合到基站BS M 1008的EN(1)1036’和EN(X)1038’；扇区II 1024包括分别通过无线链路1048’、1050’耦合到BS M1008的EN(1’)1044’和EN(X’)1046’；扇区31026包括分别通过无线链路1056’、1058’耦合到基站BS 1008的EN(1”)1052’和EN(X”)1054’。
系统1000还包括分别通过网络链路1062、1064耦合到BS I 1006和BS M1008的网络节点1060。网络节点1060也通过网络链路1066耦合到其他网络节点，例如，其他基站、AAA服务器节点、中间节点、路由器等，以及因特网。网络链路1062、1064、1066可以是，例如，光纤电缆。每个端节点，例如EN(1)1036可以是包括发射机和接收机的无线终端。无线终端，例如EN(1)1036可移动通过系统1000，并可通过无线链路与EN当前所在小区内的基站进行通信。这些无线终端(WT)，例如EN(1)1036可通过基站，例如BS 1006，和/或网络节点与对等节点，例如系统1000内部或系统100外部的其他WT进行通信。WT，例如EN(1)1036可以是移动通信设备，诸如蜂窝电话、具有无线调制解调器的个人数据助理等。各个基站使用一种方法来执行用于带状码元周期的频调子集分配，该方法不同于在剩余码元周期，例如非带状码元周期中用于分配频调和确定频调跳变的方法。无线终端使用该频调子集分配方法以及从基站接收的信息，例如基站斜率ID、扇区ID信息，来确定它们可用于在特定的带状码元周期接收数据和信息的频调。根据各种方面，构成该频调子集分配序列以用于跨越相应频调来传播扇区间和小区间的干扰。
通信系统1000也可支持局域对等通信。例如，局域对等通信和通过广域网(例如蜂窝基础设施网络)的通信两者都可使用一共同频谱。无线终端可通过诸如对等网络1070、1072、和1074等局域对等网络与其他对等设备进行通信。虽然示出三个对等网络1070-1074，但是应了解可支持任意数量、大小、形状等的对等网络。例如，每个对等网络1070-1074可支持无线终端之间直接的信号传送。进一步，每个对等网络1070-1074可包括在相似地理区域内(例如，在相互射程之内)的无线终端。例如，EN(1)1036可通过局域对等网络1070与EN(X)1038进行通信。然而应了解，这些无线终端无需与相同扇区和/或小区相关联以被包含在一共同对等网络中。进一步，对等网络可交叠(例如，EX(X’)1046可利用对等网络1072和1074)。此外，对等网络可能不支持无线终端。在广域网和对等网络交叠的地方，无线终端可使用广域网和/或对等网络(例如同时或依次)。此外，无线终端可无缝地转换或同时利用这些网络。因此，无线终端无论发送和/或接收都可选择性地使用这些网络中的一个或多个来优化通信。
图11示出根据各个方面的示例基站1100。基站1100实现频调子集分配序列，为该小区的相应不同扇区类型生成不同的频调子集分配序列。基站1100可用作图10的系统1000的基站1006、1008中的任一个。基站1100包括由总线1109耦合在一起的接收机1102、发射机1104、处理器1106，例如CPU、输入/输出接口1108和存储器1110，各种元件1102、1104、1106、1108和1110可在总线上交换数据和信息。
耦合到接收机1102的扇区化天线1103用于从来自基站的小区中的每个扇区的无线终端发送接收数据和其他信号，例如，信道报告。耦合到发射机1104的扇区化天线1105用于向基站的小区的每个扇区中的无线终端1200(参见图2)发送数据和其他信号，例如，控制信号、导频信号、信标信号等。在各方面，基站1100可使用多个接收机1102和多个发射机1104，例如，每个扇区使用一个单独的接收机1102以及每个扇区使用单独的发射机1104。处理器1106可以是，例如，通用中央处理单元(CPU)。处理器1106在存储在存储器1110中的一个或多个例程1118的指导下控制基站1100的操作并实现这些方法。I/O接口1108提供到其他网络节点的连接，将BS 1100耦合到其他基站、接入路由器、AAA服务节点等、其他网络、以及因特网。存储器1110包括例程1118和数据/信息1120。
数据/信息1120包括数据1136、包括下行链路带状码元时间信息1140和下行链路频调信息1142的频调子集分配序列信息1138、以及包括多组WT信息：WT 1信息1146和WT N信息1160的无线终端(WT)数据/信息1144。每组WT信息，例如WT 1的信息1146包括数据1148、终端ID 1150、扇区ID 1152、上行链路信道信息1154、下行链路信道信息1156，以及模式信息1158。
例程1118包括通信例程1122和基站控制例程1124。基站控制例程1124包括调度器模块1126和信令例程1128，该信令线程1128包括用于带状码元周期的频调子集分配例程1130、用于剩余码元周期，例如非带状码元周期的其他下行链路频调分配跳变例程1132以及信标例程1134。
数据1136包括将被发送到发射机1104的编码器1114用于在发送到WT之前进行编码的发送数据和在接收之后已经通过接收机1102的解码器1112处理过的来自WT的接收数据。下行链路带状码元时间信息1140包括帧同步结构信息，例如超时隙、信标时隙和极度时隙结构信息和指定一给定码元周期是否是带状码元周期的信息，且如果是，则还包括带状码元周期的索引以及该带状码元是否是基站用于截取频调子集分配序列的重置点。下行链路频调信息1142包括包含分配给基站1100的载波频率、频调的数量和频率、和将被分配给带状码元周期的频调子集的集合的信息，以及其他小区和扇区具体值，诸如斜率、斜率索引和扇区类型。
数据1148可包括WT 1 1200从对等节点接收到的数据、WT 1 1200期望发送到对等节点的数据、以及下行链路信道质量报告反馈信息。终端ID 1150是标识WT 1 1200的基站1100分配ID。扇区ID 1152包括标识WT 1 1200正在其中进行操作的扇区的信息。扇区ID 1152可用于，例如，确定扇区类型。上行链路信道信息1154包括标识由调度器1126分配给WT 1 1200使用的信道片段，例如，用于数据的上行链路业务信道片段、用于请求的专用上行链路控制信道、功率控制、时序控制等的信息。分配给WT 1 1200的每个上行链路信道包括一个或多个逻辑频调，每个逻辑频调跟随上行链路跳变序列。下行链路信道信息1156包括标识由调度器1126分配给WT 1 1200用于承载数据和/或信息的信道片段，例如，用于用户数据的下行链路业务信道片段的信息。分配给WT 1 1200的每个下行链路信道包括一个或多个逻辑频调，每个频调跟随下行链路跳变序列。模式信息1158包括标识WT 1 1200的操作状态的信息，例如休眠、保持、工作。
通信例程1122控制基站1100执行各种通信操作以及实现各种通信协议。基站控制例程1124用于控制基站1100执行基本基站功能任务，例如信号生成和接收、调度，以及实现某些方面的方法的步骤，包括在带状码元期间使用频调子集分配序列向无线终端发送信号。
信令例程1128使用解码器1112来控制接收机1102的操作，并使用编码器1114来控制发射机1104的操作。信令例程1128负责控制发送数据1136和控制信息的产生。频调子集分配例程1130使用这方面的方法并使用包括下行链路带状码元时间信息1140和扇区ID 1152的数据/信息1120来构成用于带状码元周期的频调子集。这些下行链路频调子集分配序列对于一个小区中的每个扇区类型是不同的，且对于相邻小区也是不同的。WT 1200根据下行链路频调子集分配序列在带状码元周期中接收信号；基站1100使用相同的下行链路频调子集分配序列来生成发送信号。其他下行链路频调分配跳变例程1132使用包括下行链路频调信息1142、和下行链路信道信息1156的信息来构成用于除带状码元周期之外的码元周期的下行链路频调跳变序列。这些下行链路数据频调跳变序列在小区的各扇区上是同步的。信标例程1134控制信标信号的发送，例如，集中在一个或几个频调上的相对高功率信号的信号，其可用于同步目的，例如，同步下行链路信号的帧时序结构，以及针对极度时隙边界的频调子集分配序列。
图12示出可用作图10中所示系统1000的无线终端(例如端节点、移动设备……)中的任意一个，例如EN(1)1036的示例无线终端(例如，端节点、移动设备，……)1200。无线终端1200实现频调子集分配序列。无线终端1200包括由总线1210耦合在一起的包括解码器1212的接收机1202、包括编码器1214的发射机1204、处理器1206、以及存储器1208，各元件1202、1204、1206、1208可在总线上交换数据和信息。用于接收来自基站1100(和/或不同无线终端)的信号的天线1203耦合到接收机1202。用于，例如向基站1100(和/或不同无线终端)发送信号的天线1205耦合到发射机1204。
处理器1206(例如，CPU)通过执行例程1220以及使用存储器1208中的数据/信息1222来控制无线终端1200的操作并实现各种方法。
数据/信息1222包括用户数据1234、用户信息1236、频调子集分序列信息1250、以及伙伴对等设备列表1256。用户数据1234可包括去向对等节点且将被路由到解码器1214用于在由发射机1204发送到基站1100之前进行编码的数据、以及从基站1100接收到的已由接收机1202中的解码器1212处理过的数据。用户信息1236包括上行链路信道信息1238、下行链路信道信息1240、终端ID信息1242、基站ID信息1244、扇区ID信息1246、以及模式信息1248。上行链路信道信息1238包括标识由基站1100分配给无线终端1200在向基站1100发送时使用的上行链路信道片段的信息。上行链路信道可包括上行链路业务信道、专用上行链路控制信道，例如，请求信道、功率控制信道和时序控制信道。每个上行链路信道包括一个或多个逻辑频调，每个逻辑频调跟随上行链路频调跳变序列。这些上行链路跳变序列在一个小区的每个扇区类型之间以及在相邻小区之间都是不同的。下行链路信道信息1240包括标识由基站1100分配给WT 1200在BS 1100向WT 1200发送数据/信息时使用的下行链路信道片段的信息。下行链路信道包括下行链路业务信道和分配信道，每个下行链路信道包括一个或多个逻辑频调，每个逻辑频调跟随下行链路跳变序列，其在一个小区的每个扇区之间是同步的。
用户信息1236还包括是基站1100分配的标识的终端ID信息1242、标识WT已经与其建立通信的具体基站1100的基站ID信息1244、以及标识WT 1200当前所在小区的具体扇区的扇区ID信息1246。基站ID 1244提供小区斜率值而扇区ID信息1246提供扇区索引类型；该小区斜率值和扇区索引类型可用于导出频调跳变序列。也包含在用户信息1236中的模式信息1248标识WT 1200是否处于休眠模式、保持模式、或工作模式。
频调子集分配序列信息1250包括下行链路带状码元时间信息1252和下行链路频调信息1254。下行链路带状码元时间信息1252包括帧同步结构信息，例如超时隙、信标时隙和极度时隙结构信息，以及指定给定码元周期是否是带状码元周期的信息，且如果是，则还包括带状码元周期的索引以及该带状码元是否是由基站用于截取频调子集分配序列的重置点的信息。下行链路频调信息1254包括具有分配给基站1100的载波频率、频调的数量和频率、和将分配给带状码元周期的频调子集的集合的信息、以及诸如斜率、斜率索引和扇区类型的其他小区和扇区具体值。
例程1220包括通信例程1224、无线终端控制例程1226、同步例程1228、信号发生/广播例程1230、以及检测例程1232。通信线程1224控制由WT 1200所使用的各种通信协议。例如，通信例程1224可运行通过广域网(例如，与基站1100)和/或局域对等网络(例如，直接与不同无线终端)进行通信。作为另一示例，通信例程1224可允许接收广播信号(例如，来自基站1100的)。无线终端控制例程1226控制包括对接收机1202和发射机1204的控制的基本无线终端1200功能。同步例程1228控制将无线终端1204同步到接收到的信号(例如，来自基站1100的)。对等网络中的对等设备也可同步到该信号。例如，该接收到的信号可以是信标、PN(伪随机)序列信号、导频信号等。此外，可周期性地获得该信号，且可使用对等设备已知的协议(例如与同步例程1228相关联的)来标识对应于不同功能(例如对等设备发现、寻呼、业务)的区间。信号发生/广播例程1230控制生成用于在标识的对等设备发现区间期间发送的消息。可基于一种协议(例如，与信号发生/广播例程123相关联的)来选择与该消息相关联的码元和/或频调。此外，信号发生/广播例程1230可控制向对等网络中的对等设备发送该消息。检测例程1232基于在标识的对等设备发现区间期间接收到的消息来控制对等设备的检测和标识。进一步，检测例程1232可至少部分地基于伙伴对等设备列表1256中保存的信息来标识对等设备。
参考图13，示出允许同步对等网络中的对等设备发现的时间周期的系统1300。例如，系统1300可至少部分地驻留在无线终端内。应了解，系统1300被示为包括功能块，其可以表示由处理器、软件、或其组合(例如，固件)实现的功能的功能块。系统1300包括可联合动作的电子组件的逻辑组1302。例如，逻辑组1302可包括用于接收来自信号源1302的信号的电子组件。根据说明，该信号源可以是基站、接入节点、GSP卫星等。例如，可向对等网络广播该信号。此外，对等设备可基于接收到的信号来获得对时间的共同概念。进一步，逻辑组1302可包括用于基于信号1306来定位对等设备发现区间序列的时间位置的电子组件。例如，每个对等设备发现区间的时间长度可比两个相邻对等设备发现区间之间的时间长度短至少5倍。进一步，例如，可选择来自对等设备发现区间的潜在发送时间的子集用于发送(例如，基于从接收到的信号和/或标识符所导出的时间)。此外，发送的消息可用于检测和/或标识。此外，系统1300包括保存用于执行与电子组件1304和1306相关联的功能的指令的存储器1308。虽然被示为在存储器1308之外，但应了解，一个或多个电子组件1304和1306也可存在于存储器1308之内。
应了解，本文所述实施例可在硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微代码、或其任意组合中实现。对于硬件实现，处理单元可在一个或多个应用专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、设计用于执行本文所述功能的其他电子单元，或其组合中实现。
当这些实施例在软件、固件、中间件或微代码、程序代码或代码段中实现时，它们可存储在诸如存储器组件等机器可读介质中。代码段可表示过程、函数、子程序、程序、例程、子子例程、模块、软件包、类、或指令的任意组合、数据结构、或程序语句。可通过传递和/或接收信息、数据、变量、参数、或存储器内容将代码段耦合到另一代码段或硬件电路。可使用包括存储器共享、消息传递、令牌传递、网络传输等任意合适手段来传递、转发或发送信息、变量、参数、数据等。
对于软件实现，本文所述技术可使用执行本文所述功能的模块(例如，过程、函数等)来实现。这些软件代码可存储在存储器单元中并由处理器执行。存储器单元实现在处理器内部或处理器外部，在任一情况下，可通过本领域已知的各种装置将存储器可通信地耦合到处理器。
上述内容包括一个或多个实施例的各示例。当然，不可能为了描述上述实施例而描述每个可想到的组件或方法的组合，但本领域的普通技术人员可认识到，各实施例的许多进一步组合和改变都是可能的。因此，所述实施例旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求的精神和范围之内的所有这样的变化、修改和改变。此外，对于将术语“包括”用于详细描述或权利要求中的范围，这些术语旨在是包括性的，类似于将术语“包括”用作权利要求中的连接词时解释“包括”的方式。

Claims (31)

1.一种操作对等网络中的第一无线终端的方法，包括：
接收来自信号源的第一信号，其中所述信号源是基站或GPS卫星中的至少一个；以及
基于所述接收到的第一信号来确定第一序列的对等设备发现区间的时间位置，并且
其中在所述第一序列的对等设备发现区间中分隔两个相继对等设备发现区间的时间量比所述两个相继对等设备发现区间中的任一个的持续时间长至少5倍。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号是信标、PN（伪随机）序列信号、或导频信号中的一个。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括周期性地接收来自所述信号源的所述第一信号。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括操作第二无线终端接收来自所述信号源的所述第一信号并确定第二序列的对等设备发现区间，其中所述第二序列与所述第一序列在时间上基本交叠。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，确定所述第一序列的对等设备发现区间是基于所述第一和第二无线终端双方共同已知的预定协议的。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
通过基于所接收的第一信号根据预定模式将时间线划分为不同的区间用于对等设备发现、寻呼和业务。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
所述对等设备发现区间是专用于检测和标识对等设备的区间；并且
其中在所述第一序列的对等设备发现区间中分隔两个相继对等设备发现区间的时间量比所述两个相继对等设备发现区间中的任一个的持续时间长至少100倍。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：
在对等设备发现区间开始之前从功率节省状态转换到工作状态；以及
在所述对等设备发现区间结束之后从所述工作状态转换到所述功率节省状态。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：
基于所述第一无线终端或当前正在使用所述第一无线终端的用户的第一标识符以及从所述第一信号导出的计时器变量在所述第一序列的每个对等设备发现区间内选择至少一个码元；以及
在每个所选择的码元上广播第二信号。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：
在每个所述对等设备发现区间的一片段期间进行监听；
在当前对等设备发现区间的所述片段期间进行监听时检测来自对等设备的第三广播信号；以及
如果确定所述第三广播信号出现，则从所述第三广播信号解码出第二标识符。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二标识符是基于所述计时器变量来解码的。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个选择的码元被排除在每个对等设备发现区间的所述用于监听的片段之外。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，选择用于在每个对等设备发现区间之内广播所述第二信号的所述至少一个码元对应于每个对等设备发现区间的持续时间的不到30％，而用于监听的所述片段对应于每个对等设备发现区间持续时间的至少70％。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：
将解码出的第二标识符添加到标识符第一列表中，其中所述标识符第一列表表示检测到的终端。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：
存储伙伴标识符第二列表；
将解码出的第二标识符与所述伙伴标识符第二列表中的伙伴标识符进行比较；以及
如果比较结果指示所述解码出的第二标识符基本上类似于所述伙伴标识符第二列表中的伙伴标识符中的特定一个，则将所述解码出的第二标识符标记为所述伙伴标识符中的特定一个。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：
向与所述解码出的第二标识符相关联的对等设备发送信号；以及
通知该对等设备其已被标识。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述计时器变量的值从所述第一序列的对等设备发现区间中的一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时发生变化，且所述至少一个选择的码元在每个对等设备发现区间中的位置从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时发生变化。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二信号包括频调。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述频调的频率位置是基于所述第一标识符和所述计时器变量来选择的，且所述频调的所述频率位置在所述第一序列的所述对等设备发现区间中从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时发生变化。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述频调的发射功率比在相同码元内任一其他频调的发射功率高至少10倍。
21.一种允许同步对等网络中对等设备发现的时间周期的无线通信装置，包括：
用于接收来自信号源的第一信号的装置，其中所述信号源是基站或GPS卫星中的至少一个；
用于基于所述第一信号来定位第一序列的对等设备发现区间的时间位置的装置；以及
用于使所述第一序列中的相继对等设备发现区间分隔每个所述相继对等设备发现区间的持续时间的至少5倍那样长的时间的装置。
22.如权利要求21所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括用于周期性地接收所述第一信号的装置，其中所述第一信号是信标信号、PN（伪随机）序列信号或导频信号中的一个。
23.如权利要求21所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括用于将所述第一序列的对等设备发现区间与由对等设备所定位的第二序列的对等设备发现区间进行同步的装置。
24.如权利要求21所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括用于通过基于所接收的第一信号根据预定模式将时间线划分为不同的区间用于对等设备发现、寻呼和业务的装置。
25.如权利要求21所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括用于分别在对等设备发现区间结束之后或开始之前转换到功率节省状态和从功率节省状态转换出来的装置。
26.如权利要求21所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括：
用于基于从所述第一信号导出的第一标识符和计时器变量来选择所述第一序列的每个对等设备发现区间中的至少一个码元的装置；以及
用于在每个所选择的码元上发送第二信号的广播的装置。
27.如权利要求26所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括：
用于在每个对等设备发现区间的一片段期间进行监听的装置；
用于在当前对等设备发现区间的所述用于监听的片段期间检测来自对等设备的第三广播信号的装置；以及
用于基于所述计时器变量在检测到所述第三广播信号时从所述第三广播信号中解码出第二标识符的装置。
28.如权利要求27所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括用于强制使用每个对等设备发现区间的持续时间的最大百分比用于在所选择的码元上发送广播的装置。
29.如权利要求26所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，进一步包括：
用于从一个对等设备发现区间到下一个时改变所述计时器变量的装置；
用于从一个对等设备发现区间到另一个时改变所述至少一个所选码元在每个对等设备发现区间中的位置的装置；以及
用于在每个对等设备发现区间的基础上作为所述第一标识符和所述改变的计时器变量的函数来选择包含在所述第二信号中的频调的频率位置的装置。
30.如权利要求26所述的无线通信装置，其特征在于，所述第一信号是来自基站的周期信号，并且所述第一序列对等设备发现区间在对等网络中的各对等设备之间是同步的。
31.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信号是来自基站的周期信号，并且所述第一序列对等设备发现区间在对等网络中的各对等设备之间是同步的。
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