CN104540461A - 具有定位在远侧的换能器的超声外科器械 - Google Patents
具有定位在远侧的换能器的超声外科器械 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104540461A CN104540461A CN201380043060.5A CN201380043060A CN104540461A CN 104540461 A CN104540461 A CN 104540461A CN 201380043060 A CN201380043060 A CN 201380043060A CN 104540461 A CN104540461 A CN 104540461A
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Abstract
本发明各种实施例涉及一种外科器械,其包括端部执行器、关节运动轴和超声换能器组件。所述端部执行器可包括超声刀片。所述关节运动轴可以从所述端部执行器沿着纵向轴线朝近侧延伸,并且可以包括在关节运动接头处以能够枢转的方式联接的近侧轴构件和远侧轴构件。所述超声换能器组件可以包括在声学上联接到所述超声刀片的超声换能器。所述超声换能器组件可定位在所述关节运动接头的远侧。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及下列同时提交的美国专利申请,这些美国专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文:
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Haptic FeedbackDevices for Surgical Robot”,代理人案卷号END7042USNP/110388;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Lockout Mechanismfor Use with Robotic Electrosurgical Device”,代理人案卷号END7043USNP/110389;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Closed FeedbackControl for Electrosurgical Device”,代理人案卷号END7044USNP/110390;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Surgical Instrumentswith Articulating Shafts”,代理人案卷号END6423USNP/110392;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Surgical Instrumentswith Articulating Shafts”,代理人案卷号END7047USNP/110394;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Ultrasonic SurgicalInstruments with Distally Positioned Jaw Assemblies”,代理人案卷号END7048USNP/110395;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Surgical Instrumentswith Articulating Shafts”,代理人案卷号END7049USNP/110396;
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Ultrasonic SurgicalInstruments with Control Mechanisms”,代理人案卷号END7050USNP/110397;以及
美国专利申请序列号_________________,名称为“Surgical InstrumentsWith Fluid Management System”,代理人案卷号END7051USNP/110399。
背景技术
各种实施例涉及外科器械,该外科器械包括具有定位在远侧的换能器的超声器械。
超声外科装置诸如超声刀,因其独特的性能特征而用于外科手术的多种应用中。根据具体的装置构形和操作参数,超声外科装置能够通过凝结作用提供基本上同时的组织横切和止血,从而有利地减轻患者创伤。超声外科装置包括定位在近侧的超声换能器以及联接到超声换能器的器械,该器械具有安装在远侧的端部执行器,该端部执行器包括超声刀片以切割和密封组织。端部执行器通常经由轴联接到柄部和/或机器人外科工具。刀片经由延伸穿过轴的波导而在声学上联接到换能器。具有该性质的超声外科装置能被配置用于开放性外科用途、腹腔镜式外科手术或内窥镜式外科手术,包括机器人辅助的手术。
超声能量使用比用在电外科手术中的温度低的温度来切割和凝结组织。通过高频(例如每秒55,500次)振动,超声刀片使组织中的蛋白质变性以形成粘性凝结物。刀片表面施加在组织上的压力使血管塌缩并使该凝结物能够形成止血密封。外科医生能够通过由端部执行器施加至组织的力、施加该力的时间以及端部执行器的选定偏移水平来控制切割速度和凝结。
关于超声装置和电外科装置二者,临床医生通常期望的是器械轴的远侧部分进行关节运动,以便引导超声和/或射频能量的施用。然而,引起和控制这种关节运动通常具有相当大的挑战性。
附图说明
各种实施例的特征结构在所附权利要求书中进行了详细描述。然而,参考结合如下附图的下列描述可最好地理解各种实施例(有关操作的组织和方法两者)及其优点:
图1示出包括外科器械和超声发生器的外科系统的一个实施例。
图2示出图1所示的外科器械的一个实施例。
图3示出超声端部执行器的一个实施例。
图4示出超声端部执行器的另一个实施例。
图5示出图1所示的外科器械的一个实施例的分解图。
图6示出图1所示的外科器械的一个实施例的剖视图。
图7示出图1所示的外科器械的一个实施例的各种内部部件。
图8示出包括外科器械和超声发生器的外科系统的一个实施例的顶视图。
图9示出图1的外科器械的一个示例性实施例中包括的旋转组件的一个实施例。
图10示出包括具有单元件端部执行器的外科器械的外科系统的一个实施例。
图11示出机器人外科系统的一个实施例的框图。
图12示出机械臂车的一个实施例。
图13示出图12的机械臂车的机器人操纵器的一个实施例。
图14示出具有另选的装置接头结构的机械臂车的一个实施例。
图15示出可与机械臂车诸如图11至图14的机械臂车结合使用的控制器的一个实施例。
图16示出适于与机器人系统一起使用的超声外科器械的一个实施例。
图25示出适于与机器人系统一起使用的电外科器械的一个实施例。
图17示出器械驱动组件的一个实施例,该器械驱动组件可联接到外科操纵器以接收和控制图16所示的外科器械。
图18示出包括图16的外科器械的图26的器械驱动组件实施例的另一个视图。
图28示出包括图25的电外科器械的图26的器械驱动组件实施例的另一个视图。
图19-图21示出图26的器械驱动组件实施例的接合器部分的附加视图。
图22-图24示出图16的器械安装部分的一个实施例,显示了用于将从动元件的运动转化成外科器械的运动的部件。
图25-图27示出图16的器械安装部分的另选实施例,显示了用于将从动元件的旋转转化成围绕轴的轴线的旋转运动的另选示例性机构,以及用于生成一个或多个构件沿轴的轴线的往复式平移的另选示例性机构。
图28-图32示出图16的器械安装部分的另选实施例,显示了用于将从动元件的旋转转化成围绕轴的轴线的旋转运动的另一个另选示例性机构。
图33-图36A示出器械安装部分的另选实施例,显示了用于使构件沿轴的轴线发生微分平移(例如,用于进行关节运动)的另选示例性机构。
图36B-图36C示出包括内部功率和能量源的工具安装部分的一个实施例。
图37示出包括定位在远侧的超声换能器组件的可进行关节运动的外科器械的一个实施例。
图38示出结合机器人外科系统的器械安装部分使用的图37的轴和端部执行器的一个实施例。
图39示出图37-图38的轴和端部执行器的一个实施例的剖视图。
图40-图40A示出结合手动器械(诸如图37-图38的器械)的用于驱动图39的控制构件的微分平移的一个实施例。
图41示出图37-图38的超声换能器组件的一个实施例的剖视图。
图42示出被布置为四条连杆的一部分的图37-图38的超声换能器组件和夹持臂的一个实施例。
图43示出联接到远侧轴部分且处于打开位置的如图42所示布置的超声换能器组件和夹持臂的一个实施例的侧视图。
图44示出联接到远侧轴部分且处于闭合位置的如图42所示布置的图37-图38的超声换能器组件和夹持臂的一个实施例的侧视图。
图45-图46示出包括轴的近侧部分的如图42所示布置的图37-图38的超声换能器组件和夹持臂的一个实施例的侧视图。
图47-图48示出具有以另选方式成形的超声刀片和夹持臂的端部执行器的一个实施例。
图49示出包括柔性超声换能器组件的另一个端部执行器的一个实施例。
图50示出具有从关节运动接头朝近侧延伸的换能器组件的手动外科器械的一个实施例。
图51示出如图50所示布置的换能器组件、远侧轴部分、关节运动接头和端部执行器的近距离视图。
图52示出关节运动接头的一个实施例,其中远侧轴部分和近侧轴部分被移除以显示用于使轴进行关节运动和致动左转构件(haw member)的一个示例性实施例。
图53示出手动外科器械的一个实施例,其包括具有可进行关节运动、可旋转的端部执行器的轴。
图54示出联接到控制构件的图53的器械的关节运动杠杆的一个实施例。
图55示出器械的一个实施例,其中显示了端部执行器旋转转盘和中心轴构件之间的键连接。
图56示出图53的轴的一个实施例,着重于关节运动接头。
图57示出由铰链式机械部件制成的中心轴构件的一个实施例。
图58示出包括远侧轴部分和近侧轴部分的图53的轴的一个实施例。
图59示出图53的轴和端部执行器的一个实施例,其中示出了内部轴构件和夹持臂之间的联接。
图60-图61示出外科器械的控制机构,其中端部执行器1312的关节运动和旋转以机动方式进行。
图62-图63示出可以与本文所述的各种外科器械中的任何一种一起使用的轴的一个实施例。
图64示出可利用缆线和滑轮机构来进行关节运动的轴的一个实施例。
图65示出图64的轴的一个实施例,其中显示了远侧轴部分可如何进行关节运动的附加细节。
图66示出可以与本文所述的各种器械和/或轴中的任何一种一起使用的端部执行器的一个实施例。
图67示出联接到另选的滑轮驱动的端部执行器的图64的轴的一个实施例。
图68示出端部执行器的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
本文所述的示例性实施例涉及使超声外科器械和其轴进行关节运动,以及使用超声外科器械和其轴的方法。在各种示例性实施例中,超声器械包括定位在远侧的具有超声刀片的端部执行器。超声刀片可被定位在远侧的超声换能器组件驱动。器械的轴可包括在关节运动接头处以能够枢转的方式联接到彼此的近侧轴构件和远侧轴构件。端部执行器可联接到远侧轴构件的远侧部分,使得端部执行器(和远侧轴构件的至少一部分)可围绕轴的纵向轴线进行关节运动。为了有利于关节运动,定位在远侧的超声换能器组件可以部分或完全地远离关节运动接头定位。通过这种方式,超声刀片可以在声学上联接到超声换能器组件,使得超声刀片自身和任何中间波导均不跨越关节运动接头。
现在将详细参照若干实施例,包括显示具有端部执行器的手动外科器械和机器人外科器械的示例性具体实施的实施例,该端部执行器包括超声外科元件和/或电外科元件。只要可行,相似或相同的参考编号可用于多个附图并可指示相似或相同的功能。附图仅出于举例说明的目的描绘了所公开外科器械和/或使用方法的示例性实施例。本领域的技术人员将通过以下描述容易地认识到:可在不脱离本文所述原理的情况下采用本文所示的结构和方法的另选的示例性实施例。
图1为超声外科器械10的一个实施例的右侧视图。在该例示的实施例中,超声外科器械10可用于各种外科手术,包括内窥镜式外科手术或传统的开放式外科手术。在一个示例性实施例中,超声外科器械10包括柄部组件12、伸长轴组件14和超声换能器16。柄部组件12包括触发器组件24、远侧旋转组件13和开关组件28。伸长轴组件14包括端部执行器组件26,该端部执行器组件包括用于解剖组织或相互抓紧、切割并凝结血管和/或组织的元件,以及用于致动端部执行器组件26的致动元件。柄部组件12适于在近侧端部接收超声换能器16。超声换能器16机械地接合到伸长轴组件14和端部执行器组件26的多个部分。超声换能器16经由缆线22电联接到发生器20。虽然大部分附图描绘了结合腹腔镜式外科手术使用的多端部执行器组件26,但是超声外科器械10可用于更传统的开放式外科手术和其他实施例中,并且可被配置用于内窥镜式手术中。出于本文的目的,从内窥镜式器械的角度来描述超声外科器械10;然而,可以设想,超声外科器械10的开放式和/或腹腔镜式形式也可包括如本文所述的相同或相似的操作部件和特征结构。
在各种实施例中,发生器20包括若干功能性元件,诸如模块和/或块。不同的功能性元件或模块可被配置用于驱动不同种类的外科装置。例如,超声发生器模块21可以驱动超声装置,诸如超声外科器械10。在一些示例性实施例中,发生器20还包括用于驱动电外科装置(或超声外科器械10的电外科实施例)的电外科手术/射频发生器模块23。在图1所示的示例性实施例中,发生器20包括与发生器20成一整体的控制系统25,以及经由缆线27连接至发生器的脚踏开关29。发生器20还可以包括用于激活外科器械(诸如器械10)的触发机构。触发机构可以包括电源开关(未示出)以及脚踏开关29。当由脚踏开关29激活时,发生器20可提供能量以驱动外科器械10的声学组件并以预定的偏移水平来驱动端部执行器18。发生器20以声学组件的任何合适的共振频率来驱动或激发声学组件,以及/或者衍生治疗/亚治疗电磁/射频能量。
在一个实施例中,电外科/射频发生器模块23可作为电外科手术单元(ESU)来实施,该电外科手术单元能够提供足以利用射频(RF)能量来执行双极性电外科手术的功率。在一个实施例中,ESU可以是由ERBE USA,Inc.(Marietta,Ga.)销售的双极ERBE ICC 350。如此前所论述,在双极性电外科手术应用中,可以使用具有有源电极和返回电极的外科器械,其中有源电极和返回电极可抵靠或邻近待处理的组织定位,使得电流可从有源电极通过组织流至返回电极。因此,电外科/射频发生器模块23可被配置为通过将足以处理组织T(例如,烧灼)的电能施加到组织而用于治疗目的。
在一个实施例中,电外科/射频发生器模块23能够递送亚治疗射频信号,以实施组织阻抗测量模块。在一个实施例中,电外科/射频发生器模块23包括如下文所详述的双极性射频发生器。在一个实施例中,电外科/射频发生器模块12能够监控组织T的电阻抗Z,并通过在端部执行器组件26的夹持构件上提供的返回电极来控制基于组织T的时间和功率电平特性。因此,电外科/射频发生器模块23可出于亚治疗目的被配置用于测量组织T的阻抗或其他电特性。用于测量组织T的阻抗或其他电特性的技术和电路构形在共同转让的名称为“Electrosurgical Generator for Ultrasonic SurgicalInstrument”的美国专利公布No.2011/0015631中有更详细的讨论,该美国专利公布的公开内容全文以引用方式并入本文。
合适的超声发生器模块21能够在功能上以与Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)销售的GEN300相似的方式运作,如在以下美国专利中的一者或多者中所公开,所有这些专利均以引用方式并入本文:美国专利6,480,796(“Method for Improving the Start Up of an Ultrasonic System UnderZero Load Conditions”);美国专利6,537,291(“Method for Detecting BladeBreakage Using Rate and/or Impedance Information”);美国专利6,662,127(“Method for Detecting Presence of a Blade in an Ultrasonic System”);美国专利6,977,495(“Detection Circuitry for Surgical Handpiece System”);美国专利7,077,853(“Method for Calculating Transducer Capacitance to DetermineTransducer Temperature”);美国专利7,179,271(“Method for Driving anUltrasonic System to Improve Acquisition of Blade Resonance Frequency atStartup”);以及美国专利7,273,483(“Apparatus and Method for AlertingGenerator Function in an Ultrasonic Surgical System”)。
应当理解,在各种实施例中,发生器20能够以若干模式运作。在一种模式中,发生器20可被配置成使得超声发生器模块21和电外科/射频发生器模块23可被独立地操作。
例如,可将超声发生器模块21激活以向端部执行器组件26施加超声能量,随后,可通过电外科/射频发生器模块23向端部执行器组件26施加治疗或亚治疗射频能量。如此前所论述,可向夹持在端部执行器组件26的受权利要求保护的元件之间的组织施加亚治疗电外科/射频能量以测量用于控制超声发生器模块21的激活或改变其激活的组织阻抗。由施加亚治疗能量获得的组织阻抗反馈还可用于激活电外科/射频发生器模块23的治疗电平,从而将夹持在端部执行器组件26的受权利要求保护的元件之间的组织(例如,血管)密封。
在另一个实施例中,超声发生器模块21和电外科/射频发生器模块23可被同时激活。在一个例子中,超声发生器模块21与用于测量组织阻抗的亚治疗射频能级被同时激活,与此同时,端部执行器组件26的超声刀片切割并凝结夹持在端部执行器组件26的夹持元件之间的组织(或血管)。这种反馈可用于,例如改变超声发生器模块21的驱动输出。在另一个例子中,超声发生器模块21可与电外科/射频发生器模块23被同时驱动,使得在将端部执行器组件26的超声刀片部分用于切割受损组织的同时,电外科/射频能量被施加到端部执行器夹持组件26的电极部分以便将组织(或血管)密封。
当发生器20经由触发机构激活时,电能连续地由发生器20施加到声学组件的换能器叠堆件或组件上。在另一个实施例中,电能由发生器20以间歇方式施加(例如,为脉冲的)。发生器20的控制系统中的锁相环路可监控来自声学组件的反馈。该锁相环路调整由发生器20发送的电能频率,以匹配声波组件的所选择的纵向模式振动的共振频率。此外,控制系统25中的第二反馈回路将提供给声学组件的电流维持在预选的恒定水平,以便在声学组件的端部执行器18处实现基本上恒定的偏移。在另一个实施例中,控制系统25中的第三反馈回路监控位于端部执行器组件26中的电极之间的阻抗。虽然图1-图9显示了手动操作的超声外科器械,但是应当理解,超声外科器械还可以用于,例如如本文所述的机器人应用中以及手动应用和机器人应用的组合中。
在超声操作模式下,提供给声学组件的电信号可使端部执行器18的远侧端部在例如大约20kHz至250kHz的范围内纵向振动。根据各种实施例,刀片22可在约54kHz至56kHz的范围内振动,例如以约55.5kHz振动。在其他实施例中,刀片22可以其他频率振动,包括例如约31kHz或约80kHz。例如可通过控制由发生器20施加到声学组件的换能器组件的电信号的振幅来控制刀片的振动偏移。如上所述,发生器20的触发机构允许使用者激活发生器20,以便可将电能连续地或间歇地提供给声学组件。发生器20还具有电源线以便插入电外科单元或常规电插座。据设想,还可以通过直流(DC)源诸如电池对发生器20供电。发生器20可包括任何合适的发生器,诸如可得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc的GEN04型和/或GEN11型发生器。
图2是超声外科器械10的一个示例性实施例的左侧透视图,显示了柄部组件12、远侧旋转组件13、伸长轴组件14和端部执行器组件26。在该例示的实施例中,伸长轴组件14包括尺寸被设计为机械地接合端部执行器组件26的远侧端部52,以及机械地接合柄部组件12和远侧旋转组件13的近侧端部50。伸长轴组件14的近侧端部50接收在柄部组件12和远侧旋转组件13内。关于伸长轴组件14、柄部组件12和远侧旋转组件13之间的连接的更多细节在图5和图7的描述中提供。
在该例示的实施例中,触发器组件24包括与固定柄部34结合操作的触发器32。固定柄部34和触发器32以符合人体工程学的方式形成,并且适于与使用者舒适地相互作用。固定柄部34与柄部组件12整体地相关联。触发器32可相对于固定柄部34以枢转方式移动,如在下文相对于超声外科器械10的操作更详细地解释。触发器32可在使用者施加相对于触发器32的挤压力时沿朝固定柄部34的方向33A以枢转方式移动。弹簧元件98(图5)使触发器32在使用者释放相对于触发器32的挤压力时沿方向33B以枢转方式移动。
在一个示例性实施例中,触发器32包括伸长触发器钩36,其在伸长触发器钩36与触发器32之间限定孔38。孔38的大小被设计成适于接收使用者的从中穿过的一根或多根手指。触发器32还可以包括在触发器32基材的上方模塑的弹性部分32a。形成重叠注塑的弹性部分32a,从而提供更加舒适的接触表面,用于沿向外方向33B控制触发器32。在一个示例性实施例中,可在伸长触发器钩36的一部分的上方提供重叠注塑的弹性部分32a。伸长触发器钩32的近侧表面保持未涂布状态或用非弹性基材进行涂布,以便使用者能够轻易地将其手指滑入和滑出孔38。在另一个实施例中,触发器的几何形状形成完全闭合的环,其限定大小被设计成适于接收使用者的从中穿过的一根或多根手指的孔。完全闭合的环触发器还可以包括在触发器基材的上方模塑的弹性部分。
在一个示例性实施例中,固定的柄部34包括近侧接触表面40和握持锚定件或鞍形表面42。鞍形表面42倚靠在手上拇指和食指结合的指蹼上。近侧接触表面40具有手枪式握把轮廓,其在没有环或孔的普通手枪式握把上接收手掌。可以设置近侧接触表面40的轮廓曲线以容纳或接收手掌。稳定化尾部44位于朝向柄部组件12的更近侧的部分。稳定化尾部44可以与手的位于拇指与食指之间的最上方指蹼部分接触,以稳定柄部组件12并使柄部组件12更易于控制。
在一个示例性实施例中,开关组件28可包括拨动开关30。拨动开关30可以作为位于柄部组件12内部的具有中心枢轴304的单个部件来实施,以消除同时激活的可能性。在一个示例性实施例中,拨动开关30包括第一突出旋钮30a和第二突出旋钮30b,用于将超声换能器16的功率设置设定在最小功率电平(例如,MIN)和最大功率电平(例如,MAX)之间。在另一个实施例中,摇臂开关可在标准设置和特殊设置之间枢转。特殊设置可允许由装置执行一个或多个特殊程序。当第一突出旋钮30a和第二突出旋钮30b被致动时,拨动开关30围绕中心枢轴旋转。一个或多个突出旋钮30a,30b联接到一个或多个臂,该一个或多个臂运动通过一小段弧并且使电触点根据第一突出旋钮30a或第二突出旋钮30b的启动情况闭合或断开电路从而以电气方式为超声换能器16供能或使超声换能器16去能。拨动开关30联接到发生器20以控制超声换能器16的启动。拨动开关30包括用于启动超声换能器16的一个或多个电功率设置开关来为超声换能器16设定一项或多项功率设置。启动拨动开关30所需的力被导向为大致朝向鞍形点42,由此避免了在启动拨动开关30时器械在手中旋转的任何趋势。
在一个示例性实施例中,第一突出旋钮30a和第二突出旋钮30b位于柄部组件12的远侧端部上,使得它们能被使用者轻易地触及,从而在最低程度或基本上无需重新定位握把的情况下启动电源,因此适于在启动拨动开关30的同时维持控制并将注意力集中在手术部位(例如,腹腔镜式手术中的监视器)上。突出旋钮30a,30b能够卷绕柄部组件12的侧面至一定程度,以便更易于被不同长度的手指触及,并且允许不顺手位置启动或手指较短时具有较大的触及自由度。
在该例示的实施例中,第一突出旋钮30a包括多个触觉元件30c,例如该例示的实施例中的纹理的突出或“凸耳”,以允许使用者区分第一突出旋钮30a和第二突出旋钮30b。本领域的技术人员应当理解,可将若干人体工程学特征结构结合到柄部组件12中。此类人体工程学特征结构在名称为“Ergonomic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请公布No.2009/0105750中有所描述,该专利申请公布全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一个实施例中,拨动开关30可以由使用者的手操作。使用者可以在任何点轻易地触及第一突出旋钮30a和第二突出旋钮30b,同时还避免在任何时间意外或无意启动。拨动开关30可以方便地由手指操作以控制传输至超声组件16和/或超声组件16的功率。例如,食指可用于启动第一接触部分30a以将超声组件16接通到最大(MAX)功率电平。食指可用于启动第二接触部分30b以将超声组件16接通到最小(MIN)功率电平。在另一个实施例中,摇臂开关可使器械10在标准设置和特殊设置之间枢转。特殊设置可允许由器械10执行一个或多个特殊程序。使用者无需观察第一突出旋钮30a或第二突出旋钮30b便可以操作拨动开关30。例如,第一突出旋钮30a或第二突出旋钮30b可以包括纹理或突出,因而无需观察便可以触觉方式区分第一突出旋钮30a和第二突出旋钮30b。
在一个示例性实施例中,远侧旋转组件13可绕纵向轴线“T”在任一方向上不受限制地旋转。远侧旋转组件13机械地接合到伸长轴组件14。远侧旋转组件13位于柄部组件12的远侧端部上。远侧旋转组件13包括圆柱形轮毂46和在轮毂46的上方形成的旋转旋钮48。轮毂46机械地接合伸长轴组件14。旋转旋钮48可包括带凹槽的聚合物特征结构,并可以用手指(例如,食指)接合以旋转伸长轴组件14。轮毂46可以包括在主结构的上方模塑的用于形成旋转旋钮48的材料。旋转旋钮48可在轮毂46上重叠注塑。轮毂46包括在远侧端部露出的端盖部分46a。在腹腔镜式手术期间,轮毂46的端盖部分46a可以接触套管针的表面。轮毂46可以由诸如聚碳酸酯的硬质耐用塑料形成,用于缓解端盖部分46a和套管针之间可能出现的任何摩擦。旋转旋钮48可以包括由突肋48a形成的“扇形凹口”或凹槽以及位于肋48a之间的凹面部分48b,从而得到更加精确的旋转握持。在一个示例性实施例中,旋转旋钮48可以包括多个凹槽(例如,三个或更多个凹槽)。在其他实施例中,可以采用任何合适数量的凹槽。旋转旋钮48可以由重叠注塑到硬质塑性材料上的较软聚合材料形成。例如,旋转旋钮48可以由柔韧的、有弹性的、柔性的聚合材料(包括例如GLS公司制造的TPE合金)形成。这种较软的重叠注塑材料可以提供更好的握持,以及对旋转旋钮48的运动的更加精确的控制。应当理解,任何充分地耐受灭菌处理、具有生物相容性且对外科手套提供足够摩擦阻力的材料都可以用于形成旋转旋钮48。
在一个示例性实施例中,柄部组件12由包括第一部分12a和第二部分12b的两(2)个外壳部分或护罩形成。从使用者的角度由远侧端部朝近侧端部观察柄部组件12,第一部分12a被视为右侧部分,第二部分12b被视为左侧部分。第一部分12a和第二部分12b中的每一个包括多个接口69(图5),接口的尺寸被设计为彼此机械地对齐并接合以形成柄部组件12并且封闭其内部工作部件。与柄部组件12整体地相关联的固定柄部34在组装柄部组件12的第一部分12a和第二部分12b后成形。可以在柄部组件12的第一部分12a和第二部分12b的周边周围的多个点处设置多个附加的接口(未示出),例如能量方向点/挠曲点,以用于超声焊接的目的。可以按本领域已知的任何方式将第一部分12a和第二部分12b(以及下文所述的其他部件)组装在一起。例如,定位销、按扣型接口、舌状物接口和沟槽接口、锁定接片、粘结口全都可以单独或组合用于组装目的。
在一个示例性实施例中,伸长轴组件14包括适于机械地接合柄部组件12和远侧旋转组件13的近侧端部50;以及适于机械地接合端部执行器组件26的远侧端部52。伸长轴组件14包括外部管状护套56和位于外部管状护套56内的往复式管状致动构件58。管状往复式管状致动构件58的近侧端部机械地接合到柄部组件12的触发器32,以响应于触发器32的致动和/或释放而以方向60A或60B运动。可以枢转方式运动的触发器32可以生成沿着纵向轴线“T”的往复式运动。这种运动可用于例如致动端部执行器组件26的钳口或夹紧机构。一系列连杆将触发器32的枢转旋转转化成联接到致动机构的轭的轴向运动,该轴向运动控制端部执行器组件26的夹紧机构的钳口的打开和闭合。管状往复式管状致动构件58的远侧端部机械地接合到端部执行器组件26。在该例示的实施例中,管状往复式管状致动构件58的远侧端部机械地接合到可绕枢转点70枢转的夹持臂组件64,以响应于触发器32的致动和/或释放而打开和闭合夹持臂组件64。例如,在该例示的实施例中,当沿方向33A挤压触发器32时,夹持臂组件64可绕枢转点70沿方向62A从打开位置运动到闭合位置。当沿方向33B释放触发器32或使其向外接触时,夹持臂组件64可绕枢转点70沿方向62B从闭合位置运动到打开位置。
在一个示例性实施例中,端部执行器组件26附接在伸长轴组件14的远侧端部52处,并且包括夹持臂组件64和刀片66。端部执行器组件26的夹紧机构的钳口由夹持臂组件64和刀片66形成。刀片66可超声致动并在声学上联接到超声换能器16。柄部组件12上的触发器32最终连接至驱动组件,它们一起机械地协作以实现夹持臂组件64的运动。沿方向33A挤压触发器32使夹持臂组件64A沿方向62A从打开位置运动到夹持或闭合位置,在打开位置,夹持臂组件64和刀片66相对于彼此间隔设置,在夹持或闭合位置,夹持臂组件64和刀片66协作以夹持其间的组织。夹持臂组件64可以包括夹持垫69以接合刀片66和夹持臂64之间的组织。沿方向33B释放触发器32使夹持臂组件64沿方向62B从闭合关系运动到打开位置,在打开位置,夹持臂组件64和刀片66相对于彼此间隔设置。
柄部组件12的近侧部分包括近侧开口68,用于接收超声组件16的远侧端部。超声组件16插入近侧开口68并且机械地接合到伸长轴组件14。
在一个示例性实施例中,触发器32的伸长触发器钩36部分提供较长的触发器杠杆以及较短的跨度和旋转行程。伸长触发器钩36的较长杠杆允许使用者在孔38内使用多根手指来操作伸长触发器钩36,并且使触发器32沿方向33B枢转以打开端部执行器组件26的钳口。例如,使用者可以将三根手指(例如,中指、无名指和小指)插入孔38中。多根手指使得外科医生可在触发器32和伸长触发器钩326上施加较大的输入力来启动端部执行器组件26。当沿方向33A闭合或挤压触发器32或沿方向33B通过向外的开启运动来开启触发器32时,较短的跨度和旋转行程产生更舒适的握持,从而减少进一步向外伸出手指的需求。这将显著减轻与触发器32沿方向33B的向外开启运动相关联的手部疲劳和紧张。触发器的向外开启运动可以由弹簧元件98(图5)弹性协助以有助于缓解疲劳。开启弹簧力足以协助轻易地开启,但不足以在展开解剖期间对组织张力的触觉反馈造成不利影响。
例如,在外科手术期间,任意食指可用于控制伸长轴组件14的旋转,以将端部执行器组件26的钳口定位在合适的取向上。中指和/或其他较短手指可用于挤压触发器32和抓握钳口内的组织。一旦钳口位于所需位置并且钳口夹持住组织,食指就可用于启动拨动开关30,从而调整超声换能器16的用于处理组织的功率电平。一旦已经处理了组织,使用者就可以使用中指和/或较短手指抵靠伸长触发器钩36沿远侧方向向外推动来释放触发器32,从而打开端部执行器组件26的钳口。使用者不必调整其对柄部组件12的握持即可执行此基本过程。
图3-图4示出伸长轴组件14相对于端部执行器组件26的连接。如前所述,在该例示的实施例中,端部执行器组件26包括夹持臂组件64和刀片66以形成夹紧机构的钳口。刀片66可以是在声学上联接到超声换能器16的可超声致动的刀片。触发器32机械地连接至驱动组件。触发器32和驱动组件共同机械地协作以沿方向62A使夹持臂组件64运动到打开位置,在该位置夹持臂组件64和刀片66相对于彼此间隔设置,并且沿方向62B使夹持臂组件64运动到夹持或闭合位置,在该位置夹持臂组件64和刀片66协作以夹持其间的组织。夹持臂组件64可以包括夹持垫69以接合刀片66和夹持臂64之间的组织。管状往复式管状致动构件58的远侧端部机械地接合到端部执行器组件26。在该例示的实施例中,管状往复式管状致动构件58的远侧端部机械地接合到可绕枢转点70枢转的夹持臂组件64,以响应于触发器32的致动和/或释放而打开和闭合夹持臂组件64。例如,在该例示的实施例中,当沿方向33A挤压触发器32时,夹持臂组件64可绕枢转点70沿方向62B从打开位置运动到闭合位置。当沿方向33B释放触发器32或使其向外接触时,夹持臂组件64可绕枢转点70沿方向62A从闭合位置运动到打开位置。
如此前所论述,夹持臂组件64可包括电联接到电外科/射频发生器模块23以接收治疗和/或亚治疗能量的电极,其中电外科/射频能量可在或不在超声能量施加至刀片66的同时被施加到电极。此类能量激活可以任何合适的组合施加,以便与算法或其他控制逻辑相协作而实现所需的组织效应。
图5为图2所示的超声外科器械10的分解图。在该例示的实施例中,分解图显示了柄部组件12的内部元件、柄部组件12、远侧旋转组件13、开关组件28和伸长轴组件14。在该例示的实施例中,第一部分12a和第二部分12b配合形成柄部组件12。第一部分12a和第二部分12b各自包括多个接口69,接口的尺寸被设计为彼此机械地对齐并接合以形成柄部组件12并且封闭超声外科器械10的内部工作部件。旋转旋钮48机械地接合到外部管状护套56,使得其可以沿圆形方向54旋转最多至360°。外部管状护套56位于往复式管状致动构件58之上,该往复式管状致动构件经由多个联接元件72机械地接合到柄部组件12并保留在其中。联接元件72可包括O形环72a、管套环帽72b、远侧垫圈72c、近侧垫圈72d和螺纹管套环72e。往复式管状致动构件58位于往复式轭84内,该往复式轭保留在柄部组件12的第一部分12a和第二部分12b之间。轭84是往复式轭组件88的一部分。一系列连杆将伸长触发器钩32的枢转旋转转化成往复式轭84的轴向运动,该轴向运动控制超声外科器械10远侧端部处的端部执行器组件26的夹紧机构的钳口的打开和闭合。在一个示例性实施例中,四连接件设计提供例如在相对短的旋转跨度方面的机械优势。
在一个示例性实施例中,超声传输波导78设置在往复式管状致动构件58的内部。超声传输波导78的远侧端部52在声学上联接(例如,直接或间接机械联接)至刀片66,并且超声传输波导78的近侧端部50接收在柄部组件12内。超声传输波导78的近侧端部50适于在声学上联接到超声换能器16的远侧端部,如下文更详细地讨论。超声传输波导78通过保护护套80和多个隔离元件82(诸如硅氧烷环)与伸长轴组件14的其他元件隔离。外部管状护套56、往复式管状致动构件58和超声传输波导78通过销74机械地接合。开关组件28包括拨动开关30和电气元件86a,b,用于根据第一突出旋钮30a或第二突出旋钮30b的启动来以电气方式为超声换能器16供能。
在一个示例性实施例中,外部管状护套56将使用者或患者与超声传输波导78的超声振动隔离。外部管状护套56通常包括轮毂76。外部管状护套56通过螺纹连接到柄部组件12的远侧端部上。超声传输波导78延伸穿过外部管状护套56的开口,而隔离元件82将超声传输波导24与外部管状护套56隔离。外部管状护套56可使用销74附接到波导78。波导78中用于接收销74的孔穴可以标称地出现在位移波节处。波导78可通过双头螺栓螺纹连接或卡合到手持式柄部组件12中。轮毂76上的平坦部分可以允许组件扭转至所需的程度。在一个示例性实施例中,外部管状护套56的轮毂76部分优选地由塑料构造,并且外部管状护套56的管状伸长部分由不锈钢制成。作为另外一种选择,超声传输波导78可以包括围绕在其周围的聚合材料,以使其与外部接触隔离。
在一个示例性实施例中,超声传输波导78的远侧端部可以通过内部螺纹连接而联接到刀片66的近侧端部,优选地位于或靠近波腹。据设想,刀片66可通过诸如焊接接头等任何合适的手段附接到超声传输波导78。虽然刀片66可以从超声传输波导78上拆下,但另据设想,单元件端部执行器(例如刀片66)和超声传输波导78可形成为单个一体件。
在一个示例性实施例中,触发器32联接到连杆机构以将触发器32沿方向33A和33B的旋转运动转化为往复式管状致动构件58沿相应方向60A和60B的线性运动。触发器32包括其中形成有开口以接收第一轭销92a的第一组凸缘98。第一轭销92a还定位穿过在轭84的远侧端部处形成的一组开口。触发器32还包括用于接收连接件92的第一端部92a的第二组凸缘96。触发器销90接收在形成于连接件92和第二组凸缘96中的开口内。触发器销90接收在形成于连接件92和第二组凸缘96中的开口内,并适于联接到柄部组件12的第一部分12a和第二部分12b以形成触发器32的触发器枢转点。连接件92的第二端部92b接收在形成于轭84的近侧端部中的狭槽384内,并通过第二轭销94b保留在其中。随着触发器32绕由触发器销90形成的枢转点190以枢转方式旋转,轭在箭头60A,B指示的方向上沿着纵向轴线“T”水平平移。
图8示出超声外科器械10的一个示例性实施例。在该例示的实施例中,在柄部组件12的局部剖面图内显示了超声换能器16的剖视图。超声外科器械10的一个示例性实施例包括联接到具有手持式外壳99的超声换能器16的超声信号发生器20以及可超声致动的单元件或多元件端部执行器组件26。如此前所论述,端部执行器组件26包括可超声致动的刀片66和夹持臂64。超声换能器16(被称为“Langevin叠堆件”)通常包括换能部分100、第一共振器部分或端罩102、第二共振器部分或前罩104、以及辅助部件。这些部件的总体构造是共振器。超声换能器16的长度优选地为整数个系统半波长(nλ/2;其中“n”为任何正整数;例如,=1、2、3…),如下文将更详细地描述。声学组件106包括超声换能器16、鼻锥108、速度变换器118和表面110。
在一个示例性实施例中,端罩102的远侧端部连接至换能部分100的近侧端部,而前罩104的近侧端部连接至换能部分100的远侧端部。前罩104和端罩102的长度由多个变量确定,这些变量包括换能部分100的厚度、用于制造端罩102和前罩22的材料的密度和弹性模量、以及超声换能器16的共振频率。前罩104可以与速度变换器118一样,从其近侧端部到其远侧端部向内成锥形以放大超声振动振幅,也可以不具有放大作用。合适的振动频率范围可以为约20Hz至32Hz,且最合适的振动频率范围可以为约30-10kHz。例如,合适的工作振动频率可以为大约55.5kHz。
在一个示例性实施例中,压电元件112可由任何合适的材料制成,诸如锆钛酸铅、间铌酸铅、钛酸铅、钛酸钡或其他压电陶瓷材料等。正电极114、负电极116和压电元件112中的每一个都具有延伸穿过中心的镗孔。正电极114和负电极116分别电联接到线120和122。线120和122封闭在缆线22内,并且可电连接到超声信号发生器20。
声学组件106的超声换能器16将来自超声信号发生器20的电信号转化为机械能,该机械能主要致使超声换能器16以及端部执行器组件26的刀片66部分出现以超声频率纵向振动运动的声学驻波。在另一个实施例中,超声换能器的振动运动可以在不同的方向起作用。例如,振动运动可包括伸长轴组件14的顶端的更复杂运动的局部纵向分量。合适的发生器为得自EthiconEndo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的GEN11型发生器。当声学组件106被供能时,振动运动驻波通过声学组件106生成。超声外科器械10被设计为在共振下工作,使得产生预定振幅的声学驻波图案。沿着声学组件106的任何点处的振动运动振幅取决于沿着声学组件106测量振动运动的位置。振动运动驻波的最小或零交点通常称为波节(即纵向运动最小的位置),驻波的局部最大绝对值或峰值通常称为波腹(例如局部运动最大的位置)。波腹与距其最近的波节之间的距离为四分之一波长(λ/4)。
线120和122将电信号从超声信号发生器20传输到正电极114和负电极116。由超声信号发生器20响应于致动器224(诸如脚踏开关)而提供的电信号为压电元件112供能,从而在声学组件106中产生声学驻波。电信号在压电元件112中产生反复小位移形式的扰动,导致材料内出现较大的交替压缩力和张力。反复的小位移使压电元件112沿电压梯度的轴线以连续方式伸展和收缩,从而生成超声能量的纵波。通过伸长轴组件14的传输部件或超声传输波导部分78将超声能量穿过声学组件106传输至端部执行器组件26的刀片66部分。
在一个示例性实施例中,为了使声学组件106能够向端部执行器组件26的刀片66部分递送能量,声学组件106的所有部件必须在声学上联接到刀片66。超声换能器16的远侧端部可以在表面110处通过螺纹连接(诸如双头螺栓124)在声学上联接到超声传输波导78的近侧端部。
在一个示例性实施例中,优选地对声学组件106的部件进行声学调谐,使得任何组件的长度均为整数个半波长(nλ/2),其中波长λ是声学组件106的预选或操作的纵向振动驱动频率fd的波长。另据设想,声学组件106可以包括任何合适的声学元件布置方式。
在一个示例性实施例中,刀片66的长度可基本上等于系统半波长的整数倍(nλ/2)。刀片66的远侧端部可设置在波腹附近,以便提供远侧端部的最大纵向偏移。当换能器组件被供能时,刀片66的远侧端部能够以例如55kHz的预定振动频率在例如大约10至500微米峰到峰的范围内移动,并且优选地在约30至64微米的范围内移动。
在一个示例性实施例中,刀片66可联接到超声传输波导78。所示的刀片66和超声传输波导78由适于传输超声能量的材料形成为单个单元构造。此类材料的例子包括Ti6Al4V(含有铝和钒的钛合金)、铝、不锈钢、或其他合适的材料。作为另外一种选择,刀片66可以与超声传输波导78分开(并且由不同的组合物制成),并且通过例如双头螺栓、焊接、胶水、快速连接或其他合适的已知方法联接这两个部件。超声传输波导78的长度可基本上等于例如整数个半波长(nλ/2)。超声传输波导78可以优选地由使用适合高效传播超声能量的材料(诸如上述钛合金(即,Ti6Al4V)、或任何合适的铝合金、或其他合金)构造的实芯轴制成。
在一个示例性实施例中,超声传输波导78包括在近侧端部处的纵向突出的附接柱,用于通过诸如双头螺栓124的螺纹连接而联接到超声传输波导78的表面110。超声传输波导78可包括定位在多个波节处的多个起稳定作用的硅氧烷环或顺应性支撑件82(图5)。硅氧烷环82抑制不可取的振动并将超声能量与外部保护护套80(图5)隔离,以确保纵向的超声能量流以最大的效率到达刀片66的远侧端部。
图9示出近侧旋转组件128的一个示例性实施例。在该例示的实施例中,近侧旋转组件128包括插在圆柱形轮毂135上的近侧旋转旋钮134。近侧旋转旋钮134包括多个径向突出138,这些突出被接收在形成于圆柱形轮毂135的近侧端部上的相应狭槽130中。近侧旋转旋钮134限定用于接收超声换能器16的远侧端部的开口142。径向突出138由柔软的聚合材料形成,并且限定了尺寸比超声换能器16的外径相对较小的直径,以便在超声换能器16的远侧端部时形成摩擦过盈配合。聚合物径向突出138沿径向突起到开口142中,以形成牢牢地抓住超声换能器16的外壳的“抓具”肋。因此,近侧旋转旋钮134牢固地抓住超声换能器16。
圆柱形轮毂135的远侧端部包括周边唇缘132和周边支承表面140。周边唇缘与形成于外壳12中的沟槽接合,周边支承表面140则与外壳12接合。这样,圆柱形轮毂135便机械地保留在外壳12的两个外壳部分(未示出)内。圆柱形轮毂135的周边唇缘132位于或“被捕获”在第一外壳部分12a和第二外壳部分12b之间,并且可在沟槽内适当地自由旋转。周边支承表面140倚靠着外壳的内部,以协助正确的旋转。这样,圆柱形轮毂135便可在外壳内适当地自由旋转。使用者利用其手指或拇指接合在近侧旋转旋钮134上形成的凹槽136,以旋转外壳12内的圆柱形轮毂135。
在一个示例性实施例中,圆柱形轮毂135可以由耐用塑料诸如聚碳酸酯形成。在一个示例性实施例中,圆柱形轮毂135可以由硅化聚碳酸酯材料形成。在一个示例性实施例中,近侧旋转旋钮134可以由柔韧的、有弹性的、柔性的聚合材料(包括例如GLS公司制造的TPE合金)形成。例如,近侧旋转旋钮134可以由弹性体材料、被称为的热塑性橡胶、其他热塑性硫化橡胶(TPV)、或弹性体形成。然而,实施例并不限于此背景中。
图10示出包括外科器械210的外科系统200的一个示例性实施例,该外科器械210具有单元件端部执行器278。系统200可包括联接到端部执行器278的换能器组件216,以及围绕如图所示的端部执行器278的近侧部分定位的护套256。换能器组件216和端部执行器278可以与上述换能器组件16和端部执行器18相似的方式操作,从而产生可通过刀片226'传输至组织的超声能量。
多年以来,已经开发出多种微创机器人(或“远距离外科手术”)系统以增加外科手术的灵活性,并允许外科医生以直观的方式对患者进行手术。机器人外科系统可以与许多不同类型的外科器械一起使用,这些外科器械包括例如超声器械,如本文所述。示例性机器人系统包括由Intuitive Surgical,Inc.(Sunnyvale,California,U.S.A)制造的那些。此类系统以及得自其他制造商的机器人系统在以下美国专利中进行了公开,这些美国专利各自全文以引用方式并入本文:名称为“Articulated Surgical Instrument For PerformingMinimally Invasive Surgery With Enhanced Dexterity and Sensitivity”的美国专利5,792,135、名称为“Robotic Arm DLUS For Performing Surgical Tasks”的美国专利6,231,565、名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool With UltrasoundCauterizing and Cutting Instrument”的美国专利6,783,524、名称为“Alignment of Master and Slave In a Minimally Invasive Surgical Apparatus”的美国专利6,364,888、名称为“Mechanical Actuator Interface System ForRobotic Surgical Tools”的美国专利7,524,320、名称为“Platform Link WristMechanism”的美国专利7,691,098、名称为“Repositioning and Reorientationof Master/Slave Relationship in Minimally Invasive Telesurgery”的美国专利7,806,891,以及名称为“Surgical Tool With Writed Monopolar ElectrosurgicalEnd Effectors”的美国专利7,824,401。然而,许多此类系统在过去尚未能生成有效切割和紧固组织所需量级的力。
图11-图26示出机器人外科系统的示例性实施例。在一些实施例中,所公开的机器人外科系统可以利用本文所述的超声或电外科器械。本领域的技术人员将会知道,所示的机器人外科系统不仅仅限于本文所述的那些器械,而是可以利用任何兼容的外科器械。本领域的技术人员还将认识到,虽然本文所述的各种实施例可以与所述的机器人外科系统一起使用,但是公开内容并不如此受到限制,而是可以与任何兼容的机器人外科系统一起使用。
图11-图16示出若干示例性机器人外科系统及其部件的结构和操作。图11示出示例性机器人外科系统1000的框图。系统1000包括至少一个控制器508和至少一个臂车510。臂车510可机械地联接到一个或多个由框512指示的机器人操纵器或机器人臂。机器人臂512中的每一个可以包括一个或多个外科器械514,用于对患者504执行各种手术任务。臂车510(包括臂512和器械514)的操作可由临床医生502从控制器508进行指挥。在一些实施例中,由第二临床医生502'操作的第二控制器508'也可与第一临床医生502'协力指挥臂车510的操作。例如,临床医生502,502'中的每一位可以控制臂车的不同臂512,或在一些情况下,可在临床医生502,502'之间传递对臂车510的完全控制。在一些实施例中,可将另外的臂车(未示出)用于患者504。这些另外的臂车可由控制器508,508'中的一个或多个控制。臂车510和控制器508,508'可经由通信链路516彼此通信,该通信链路可以是根据任何合适的通信协议传递任何合适类型的信号(例如,电信号、光信号、红外信号等)的任何合适类型的有线或无线通信链路。机器人外科系统(诸如系统1000)的示例性具体实施在已经以引用方式并入本文的美国专利7,524,320中有所公开。因而,本文将不详细描述此类装置的各个细节,除了理解受权利要求书保护的装置的各种实施例可能必需的细节外。
图12示出机械臂车520的一个示例性实施例。机械臂车520能够致动多个外科器械或器械,它们在工作包封空间519内一般被指定为522。名称为“Multi-Component Telepresence System and Method”的美国专利6,132,368中公开了使用主控制器和机械臂车布置的各种机器人外科系统和方法,该专利的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。在各种形式中,机械臂车520包括基座524,在该例示的实施例中,该基座支撑有三个外科器械522。在各种形式中,外科器械522各自由一系列可在手动操作下进行关节运动的连杆(一般称为装置接头526)和机器人操纵器528支撑。本文示出的这些结构具有在机器人连杆的大部分之上延伸的护盖。这些护盖可以是任选的,并且可在尺寸上有所限制或在一些实施例中完全消除,以使用于操纵此类装置的伺服机构遇到的惯性最小化、限制移动部件的体积以避免碰撞、并且限制车520的总重量。车520将通常具有适于在手术室之间搬运车520的尺寸。车520能够通常适于穿过标准的手术室门并放置到标准的医院电梯上。在各种形式中,车520将优选地具有一定的重量并包括轮(或其他运输)系统,该轮系统使得车520可被单个维护人员定位在邻近手术台的位置。
图13示出机械臂车520的机器人操纵器528的一个示例性实施例。在图13所示的例子中,机器人操纵器528可包括约束外科器械522的移动的连杆530。在各种实施例中,连杆530包括由旋转接头以平行四边形布置方式联接在一起的刚性连接件,使得外科器械522围绕空间532中的某一点旋转,如在已公布的美国专利5,817,084中更完整地描述,该专利的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。平行四边形布置方式将旋转约束为围绕轴线534a(有时称为俯仰轴)枢转。支撑平行四边形连杆的连接件以枢转方式安装到装置接头526(图12),使得外科器械522还围绕轴线534b(有时称为偏航轴)旋转。俯仰轴534a和偏航轴534b在远程中心536处相交,该远程中心沿着外科器械522的轴538对齐。当由操纵器540支撑时,外科器械522可具有另外的从动自由度,包括外科器械522沿着纵向器械轴线“LT-LT”的滑动运动。当外科器械522沿着器械轴线LT-LT相对于操纵器540滑动时(箭头534c),远程中心536相对于操纵器540的基座542保持固定。因此,整个操纵器540通常发生移动,从而使远程中心536重新定位。操纵器540的连杆530由一系列马达544驱动。这些马达544响应于控制系统处理器的命令而主动移动连杆530。如将在下文中进一步详细论述,马达544还用于操纵外科器械522。
图14示出具有另选的装置接头结构的机械臂车520'的一个示例性实施例。在该示例性实施例中,外科器械522由位于两个组织操纵器械之间的另选的操纵器结构528'支撑。本领域的普通技术人员将会知道,受权利要求书保护的装置的各种实施例可以包括多种另选的机器人结构,包括在美国专利5,878,193中描述的那些结构,该专利的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。另外,虽然本文结合外科器械522和控制器之间的通信初步描述了机器人部件和机器人外科系统的处理器之间的数据通信,但应当理解,类似的通信可发生在操纵器、装置接头、内窥镜或其他图像捕获装置等的电路和机器人外科系统的处理器之间,所述机器人外科系统的处理器用于部件兼容性核实、部件类型识别、部件校准(诸如偏移等)通信、部件与机器人外科系统的联接确认等。
图15示出控制器518的一个示例性实施例,该控制器可以与机械臂车诸如在图12-图14中描绘的机械臂车520,520'结合使用。控制器518通常包括主控制器(在图15中一般表示为519),在临床医生通过立体显示器521观察手术的同时,该主控制器由临床医生抓持并在空中操纵。外科医生反馈计515可通过显示器521观察并为外科医生提供正施加于切割器械或动态夹紧构件的力的大小的视觉指示。主控制器519通常包括手动输入装置,该手动输入装置优选地以多个自由度移动并且通常还具有用于致动器械(例如,用于闭合抓持锯、施加电势到电极等)的柄部或触发器。
图16示出适于与机器人外科系统一起使用的超声外科器械522的一个示例性实施例。例如,外科器械522可以联接到上文所述的外科操纵器528,528'中的一个。如在图16中可以看出,外科器械522包括外科端部执行器548,该外科端部执行器包括超声刀片550和夹持臂552,该外科端部执行器可联接到伸长轴组件554,在一些实施例中,该伸长轴组件可包括关节运动接头556。图17示出器械驱动组件546的一个示例性实施例,该器械驱动组件可联接到外科操纵器528,528'中的一个,用于接收和控制外科器械522。器械驱动组件546还可以可操作地联接到控制器518,用于接收临床医生的输入而对器械522进行控制。例如,夹持臂552的致动(例如,打开和闭合)、钳口551A,551B的致动(例如,打开和闭合)、超声刀片550的致动、刀555的延伸以及能量递送表面553A,553B的致动等可通过器械驱动组件546基于由临床医生通过控制器518提供的输入而加以控制。外科器械522通过器械安装部分(一般称为558)可操作地联接到操纵器。外科器械522还包括在机械和电气上将器械安装部分558联接到操纵器的接口560。
图18示出包括超声外科器械522的图17的器械驱动组件的另一个视图。器械安装部分558包括器械安装板562,该器械安装板可操作地支撑多个(图17中示出了四个)可旋转主体部分、从动盘或从动元件564,所述每个从动盘或从动元件均包括从从动元件564的表面延伸的一对销566。一个销566比同一个从动元件564上的另一个销566更靠近每个从动元件564的旋转轴线,这有助于确保从动元件564的正向角对齐。从动元件564和销566可定位在器械安装板562的适配器侧567上。
接口560还包括能够与安装板562以安装方式接合的适配器部分568,如将在下文中进一步论述。适配器部分568可包括一系列电连接销570,这些电连接销可通过器械安装部分558内的电路板而联接到存储器结构。虽然结合机械联接元件、电联接元件和磁力联接元件在本文中描述了接口560,但是应当理解,可以使用多种遥测形式,包括红外、电感联接等。
图19-图21示出图17的器械驱动组件546的适配器部分568的附加视图。适配器部分568通常包括器械侧572和夹持器侧574(图19)。在各种实施例中,将多个可旋转主体576安装到浮动板578,该浮动板相对于垂直于适配器568主表面的周围适配器结构具有受限的移动范围。当致动沿着器械安装部分外壳582的侧面的杠杆580时(参见图16),浮动板578的轴向运动有助于使可旋转主体576从器械安装部分558脱离。可采用其他机构/布置以可释放的方式将器械安装部分558联接到适配器568。在至少一种形式中,通过弹性径向构件将可旋转主体576弹性地安装到浮动板578,该弹性径向构件围绕可旋转主体576延伸到周边凹痕中。可旋转主体576可通过偏转这些弹性结构而相对于板578轴向运动。当设置在第一轴向位置(朝器械侧572)时,可旋转主体576自由旋转而没有角度限制。然而,当可旋转主体576朝器械侧572轴向运动时,突出部584(从可旋转主体576径向延伸)横向接合浮动板上的棘爪以便限制可旋转主体576围绕其轴线的角旋转。当驱动销586将可旋转主体576推动至受限的旋转位置直到销586与开口590对准(并滑动到其中)时,可使用该受限的旋转来帮助可旋转主体576与机器人系统的对应器械架部分588的驱动销586驱动接合。
可旋转主体576的器械侧572上的开口590以及夹持器侧574上的开口590能够将器械安装部分558的从动元件564(图18和图28)与器械架588的驱动元件592准确对准。如上文关于从动元件564的内部和外部销566所述,开口590位于相距其各自的可旋转主体576的旋转轴线不同的距离处,以便确保与之要达到的位置不呈33度对齐。另外,每个开口590可能略微径向伸长,以便适当地接收周边方向上的销566。这使得销566在开口590内径向滑动并适应器械522和器械架588之间的一些轴偏差,同时使驱动元件和从动元件之间的任何角偏差和角侧隙最小化。器械侧572上的开口590可与夹持器侧574上的开口590(以虚线示出)成约90度的偏移,如在图21中可以最清楚地看到。
各种实施例还可以包括位于适配器568的夹持器侧574上的一系列电连接销570,并且适配器568的器械侧572可包括狭槽594(图21),用于接收器械安装部分558的销阵列(未示出)。除了在外科器械522,523和器械架588之间传输电信号外,可通过适配器568的电路板将这些电连接中的至少一些联接到适配器存储器装置596(图20)。
可使用可拆卸的闩锁布置598以可释放的方式将适配器568附连到器械架588。如本文所用,术语“器械驱动组件”在用于机器人系统的背景中时至少涵盖适配器568和器械架588的各种实施例,并且其在图17中一般称为546。例如,如在图17中可以看出,器械架588可包括第一闩锁销布置600,该第一闩锁销布置的大小被设计成接收在适配器568中相应的连接叉狭槽602中。另外,器械架588还可以具有第二闩锁销604,该第二闩锁销的尺寸被设计成保持在适配器568中相应的闩锁连接叉606中。参见图20。在至少一种形式中,闩锁组件608被活动地支撑在适配器568上,并且能够在第一闩锁位置和未闩锁位置之间偏置,在第一闩锁位置中,闩锁销600保持在它们各自的闩锁连接叉606中,在未闩锁位置中,第二闩锁销604可进入闩锁连接叉606或从中移除。使用一个或多个弹簧(未示出)以将闩锁组件偏置到闩锁位置。适配器568的器械侧572上的唇缘可以可滑动地接收器械安装外壳582的横向延伸的突出部。
如前所述,从动元件564可与器械架588的驱动元件592对准,使得驱动元件592的旋转运动导致从动元件564的相应旋转运动。驱动元件592和从动元件564的旋转可(例如)响应于经由控制器508从临床医生502接收的指令而受到机械臂612的电子控制。器械安装部分558可将从动元件564的旋转转化成外科器械522,523的运动。
图22-图24示出器械安装部分558的一个示例性实施例,显示了用于将从动元件564的运动转化成外科器械522的运动的部件。图22-图24示出具有轴538的器械安装部分,该轴在其远侧端部处具有外科端部执行器610。端部执行器610可以是用于对患者执行外科任务的任何合适类型的端部执行器。例如,端部执行器能够向手术部位处的组织提供超声能量。轴538可旋转地联接到器械安装部分558并在轴538的联轴器650处由顶部轴夹持器646和底部轴夹持器648固定。
在一个示例性实施例中,器械安装部分558包括将各种从动元件564的旋转转化成轴538的旋转、构件沿轴的轴线的微分平移(例如,用于进行关节运动)、以及一个或多个构件沿轴538的轴线的往复式平移(例如,用于延伸和缩回组织切割元件诸如555、外套管和/或其他部件)的机构。在一个示例性实施例中,可旋转主体612(例如,可旋转卷轴)联接到从动元件564。可旋转主体612可与从动元件564整体地形成。在一些实施例中,可旋转主体612可与从动元件564分别形成,前提是可旋转主体612和从动元件564固定地联接以使得驱动从动元件564将导致可旋转主体612旋转。可旋转主体612中的每一个联接到齿轮系或齿轮机构,用于提供轴的关节运动和旋转、夹持钳口的打开/闭合、以及刀致动。
在一个示例性实施例中,器械安装部分558包括用于引起两个或更多个构件沿轴538的轴线发生微分平移的机构。在图22-图24提供的例子中,该运动用于操纵关节运动接头556。在该例示的实施例中,例如,器械安装部分558包括齿条与小齿轮传动机构以提供微分平移并因而提供轴关节运动功能。在一个示例性实施例中,齿条与小齿轮传动机构包括联接到可旋转主体612的第一小齿轮614,使得相应从动元件564的旋转导致第一小齿轮614旋转。轴承616联接到可旋转主体612并在从动元件564与第一小齿轮614之间提供。第一小齿轮614啮合到第一齿条618以将第一小齿轮614的旋转运动转化成第一齿条618的线性运动,从而控制轴组件538的关节运动段556沿向左方向620L的关节运动。第一齿条618附接到第一关节运动带622(图22),使得第一齿条618沿远侧方向的线性运动导致轴组件538的关节运动段556沿向左方向620L进行关节运动。第二小齿轮626联接到另一个可旋转主体612,使得相应从动元件564的旋转导致第二小齿轮626旋转。轴承616联接到可旋转主体612并在从动元件564与第二小齿轮626之间提供。第二小齿轮626啮合到第二齿条628以将第二小齿轮626的旋转运动转化成第二齿条628的线性运动,从而控制关节运动段556沿向右方向620R的关节运动。第二齿条628附接到第二关节运动带624(图23),使得第二齿条628沿远侧方向的线性运动导致轴组件538的关节运动段556沿向右方向620R进行关节运动。可以在可旋转主体与相应齿轮之间提供另外的轴承。可以提供任何合适的轴承以支撑和稳定安装,并且减小例如轴和齿轮的旋转摩擦。
在一个示例性实施例中,器械安装部分558还包括用于将从动元件564的旋转转化成围绕轴538的轴线的旋转运动的机构。例如,旋转运动可以是轴538自身的旋转。在该例示的实施例中,第一螺旋蜗轮630联接到可旋转主体612,第二螺旋蜗轮632联接到轴组件538。轴承616(图17)联接到可旋转主体612并在从动元件564与第一螺旋蜗轮630之间提供。第一螺旋蜗轮630啮合到第二螺旋蜗轮632,后者可联接到轴组件538和/或器械522,523的需要其纵向旋转的另一个部件。旋转可基于第一螺旋蜗轮630和第二螺旋蜗轮632的旋转方向而沿顺时针(CW)方向和逆时针(CCW)方向进行。因此,第一螺旋蜗轮630绕第一轴线的旋转被转换为第二螺旋蜗轮632绕第二轴线的旋转,第二轴线与第一轴线正交。如图22-图23所示,例如,第二螺旋蜗轮632的顺时针旋转导致轴组件538以634CW所指示的方向顺时针旋转。第二螺旋蜗轮632的逆时针旋转导致轴组件538以634CCW所指示的方向逆时针旋转。可以在可旋转主体与相应齿轮之间提供另外的轴承。可以提供任何合适的轴承以支撑和稳定安装,并且减小例如轴和齿轮的旋转摩擦。
在一个示例性实施例中,器械安装部分558包括用于生成一个或多个构件沿轴538的轴线的往复式平移的机构。这种平移可用于例如驱动组织切割元件诸如555、驱动外套管以使端部执行器610闭合以及/或者进行关节运动等。在该例示的实施例中,例如,齿条与小齿轮传动机构可提供往复式平移。第一齿轮636联接到可旋转主体612,使得相应从动元件564的旋转导致第一齿轮636以第一方向旋转。第二齿轮638围绕在器械安装板562中形成的柱640自由旋转。第一齿轮636啮合到第二齿轮638,使得第二齿轮638以与第一齿轮636相反的方向旋转。在一个示例性实施例中,第二齿轮638是啮合到沿线性方向移动的齿条642的小齿轮。齿条642联接到平移块644,该平移块可与齿条642一起朝远侧和近侧平移。平移块644可联接到轴组件538和/或端部执行器610的任何合适的部件以便提供往复式纵向运动。例如,平移块644可机械地联接到射频外科装置523的组织切割元件555。在一些实施例中,平移块644可以联接到外套管,或端部执行器610或轴538的另一个部件。
图25-图27示出器械安装部分558的另选实施例,显示了用于将从动元件564的旋转转化成围绕轴538的轴线的旋转运动的另选示例性机构,以及用于生成一个或多个构件沿轴538的轴线的往复式平移的另选示例性机构。现在参见另选旋转机构,第一螺旋蜗轮652联接到第二螺旋蜗轮654,后者联接到第三螺旋蜗轮656。可出于各种原因提供这样的布置,这些原因包括维持与现有机器人系统1000的兼容以及/或者实际情况是空间可能有限。第一螺旋蜗轮652联接到可旋转主体612。第三螺旋蜗轮656与联接到轴组件538的第四螺旋蜗轮658啮合。轴承760联接到可旋转主体612并在从动元件564与第一螺旋蜗轮738之间提供。另一个轴承760联接到可旋转主体612并在从动元件564与第三螺旋蜗轮652之间提供。第三螺旋蜗轮652啮合到第四螺旋蜗轮658,后者可联接到轴组件538和/或器械522的需要其纵向旋转的另一个部件。旋转可基于螺旋蜗轮656,658的旋转方向而沿顺时针方向和逆时针方向进行。因此,第三螺旋蜗轮656绕第一轴线的旋转被转换为第四螺旋蜗轮658绕第二轴线的旋转,第二轴线与第一轴线正交。如图26和图27所示,例如,第四螺旋蜗轮658联接到轴538,并且第四螺旋蜗轮658的顺时针旋转导致轴组件538以634CW所指示的方向顺时针旋转。第四螺旋蜗轮658的逆时针旋转导致轴组件538以634CCW所指示的方向逆时针旋转。可以在可旋转主体与相应齿轮之间提供另外的轴承。可以提供任何合适的轴承以支撑和稳定安装,并且减小例如轴和齿轮的旋转摩擦。
现在参见用于生成一个或多个构件沿轴538的轴线的往复式平移的另选示例性机构,器械安装部分558包括齿条与小齿轮传动机构以提供沿轴538的轴线的往复式平移(例如,射频外科装置523的组织切割元件555的平移)。在一个示例性实施例中,第三小齿轮660联接到可旋转主体612,使得相应从动元件564的旋转导致第三小齿轮660以第一方向旋转。第三小齿轮660啮合到沿线性方向移动的齿条662。齿条662联接到平移块664。平移块664可联接到装置522,523的部件,诸如,射频外科装置的组织切割元件555和/或外套管或期望其纵向平移的其他部件。
图28-图32示出器械安装部分558的另选实施例,显示了用于将从动元件564的旋转转化成围绕轴538的轴线的旋转运动的另一个另选示例性机构。在图28-图32中,轴538经由联轴器676和轴衬678联接到安装部分558的其余部分。联接到可旋转主体612的第一齿轮666、包括第一和第二开口672的固定柱668、联接到轴组件的第一和第二可旋转销674、以及缆线670(或绳索)。缆线缠绕在可旋转主体612周围。缆线670的一个末端定位穿过固定柱668的顶部开口672并固定地联接到顶部可旋转销674。缆线670的另一个末端定位穿过固定柱668的底部开口672并固定地联接到底部旋转销674。出于各种原因提供这样的布置,这些原因包括维持与现有机器人系统1000的兼容以及/或者实际情况是空间可能有限。因此,可旋转主体612的旋转基于可旋转主体612的旋转方向导致围绕轴组件538以顺时针和逆时针方向旋转(例如,轴538自身的旋转)。因此,可旋转主体612绕第一轴线的旋转被转换为轴组件538绕第二轴线的旋转,第二轴线与第一轴线正交。如图28-图29所示,例如,可旋转主体612的顺时针旋转导致轴组件538以634CW所指示的方向顺时针旋转。可旋转主体612的逆时针旋转导致轴组件538以634CCW所指示的方向逆时针旋转。可以在可旋转主体与相应齿轮之间提供另外的轴承。可以提供任何合适的轴承以支撑和稳定安装,并且减小例如轴和齿轮的旋转摩擦。
图33-图36A示出器械安装部分558的另选实施例,显示了用于使构件沿轴538的轴线发生微分平移(例如,用于进行关节运动)的另选示例性机构。例如,如图33-图36A所示,器械安装部分558包括双凸轮机构680以提供轴关节运动功能。在一个示例性实施例中,双凸轮机构680包括第一凸轮部分680A和第二凸轮部分680B。第一从动臂682和第二从动臂684可枢转地联接到相应的枢转卷轴686。当联接到双凸轮机构680的可旋转主体612旋转时,第一凸轮部分680A作用于第一从动臂682,而第二凸轮部分680B作用于第二从动臂684。当凸轮机构680旋转时,从动臂682,684绕枢转卷轴686枢转。第一从动臂682可附接到待发生微分平移的第一构件(例如,第一关节运动带622)。第二从动臂684附接到待发生微分平移的第二构件(例如,第二关节运动带624)。当顶部凸轮部分680A作用于第一从动臂682时,第一构件和第二构件发生微分平移。在第一构件和第二构件为相应的关节运动带622和624的示例性实施例中,轴组件538沿向左方向620L进行关节运动。当底部凸轮部分680B作用于第二从动臂684时,轴组件538沿向右方向620R进行关节运动。在一些示例性实施例中,两个单独的轴衬688,690安装在相应的第一从动臂682和第二从动臂684之下,以允许轴在不影响第一从动臂682和第二从动臂684的关节运动位置的情况下旋转。对于关节运动动作,这些轴衬与第一从动臂682和第二从动臂684一起进行往复运动,而不影响钳口902的旋转位置。图36A示出轴衬688,690和双凸轮组件680,该双凸轮组件包括第一凸轮部分680B和第二凸轮部分680B,且第一从动臂682和第二从动臂684被移除以提供更详细且更清楚的视图。
在各种实施例中,器械安装部分558可另外包括内部能量源,用于驱动电子器件并向外科工具提供所需的超声和/或射频频率。图36B-图36C示出包括内部功率和能量源的工具安装部分558'的一个实施例。例如,利用工具安装部分558'安装的外科器械(例如,器械522)不需要用电线连接到外部发生器或其他功率源。相反,本文所述的发生器20的功能可在安装部分558上实施。
如图36B-图36C所示,器械安装部分558'可包括远侧部分702。远侧部分702可包括用于将驱动元件612的旋转联接到例如如上文所述的各种外科器械522的端部执行器的各种机构。在远侧部分702的近侧,器械安装部分558'包括内部直流(DC)能量源以及内部驱动和控制电路704。在该例示的实施例中,能量源包括第一电池706和第二电池708。在其他方面,工具安装部分558'与上文所述的工具安装部分558的各种实施例类似。控制电路704可以与上文关于发生器20所述相似的方式工作。例如,控制电路704可以与上文关于发生器20所述相似的方式提供超声和/或电外科驱动信号。
图37示出包括定位在远侧的超声换能器组件1012的可进行关节运动的外科器械1000的一个实施例。器械1000的端部执行器1014包括超声刀片1018和夹持臂1016。端部执行器1014联接到轴1004的远侧端部。轴1004沿纵向轴线1002延伸,并且包括远侧轴构件1007和近侧轴构件1009。例如,端部执行器1014可联接到远侧轴构件1007的远侧部分。远侧轴构件1007和近侧轴构件1009在关节运动接头1010处以能够枢转的方式联接到彼此。例如,可将远侧轴构件1007和近侧轴构件1009联接,使其能够围绕与纵向轴线1002垂直的轴线1006枢转。关节运动的可能方向用箭头1008表示。
在图37中,轴1009的近侧端部联接到柄部1001。柄部1001可以包括用于控制轴1009和端部执行器1014的操作的各种控件,包括(例如)触发器1022和按钮1024。这些特征结构可以按照与上文所述触发器24和按钮28相似的方式工作。在一些实施例中,柄部1001可以包括一个或多个电动马达或其他马达,用于协助临床医生操作轴1007,1009和端部执行器1014。此类柄部的例子在美国专利7,845,537中提供,该专利全文以引用方式并入本文。图38示出结合机器人外科系统的器械安装部分1020使用的轴1004和端部执行器1014的一个实施例。例如,轴1004、端部执行器1014和器械安装部分1020可以结合上文所述的机器人外科系统500使用。
图39示出轴1004和端部执行器1014的一个实施例的剖视图。如图所示,远侧轴部分1007和近侧轴部分1009可包括相应的连接叉1026,1028,所述连接叉通过销1030接合形成关节运动接头1010。在各种实施例中,销1030基本上平行于轴线1006(图37-图38)。另外,虽然图39所示的关节运动接头1010采用连接叉1026,1028和销1030实现,但是应当理解,可以使用任何合适类型的可枢转接头机构。图39还示出可联接到如本文所述的端部执行器1014的一个或多个部件的夹持臂控制构件1044,其用于引起夹持臂1016的打开和闭合。电源线1038可联接到超声换能器组件1012,并且具体地讲联接到其超声换能器1040,以便将超声换能器组件1012连接到发生器,诸如本文所述的发生器20。
在各种实施例中,可利用平移关节运动控制构件1032,1034来引起远侧轴构件1007和端部执行器1014的关节运动。控制构件1032,1034可位于纵向轴线1002两侧彼此基本相对的位置。控制构件1032,1034的远侧部分可联接到端部执行器1014或远侧轴构件1007。例如,图39中示出的控制构件1032,1034通过栓1046,1048联接到远侧轴构件1007。控制构件1032,1034朝近侧延伸经过关节运动接头1010并穿过近侧轴部分1009。
控制构件1032,1034可发生微分平移,从而导致端部执行器1014和远侧轴部分1007进行关节运动。例如,控制构件1034的近侧平移可导致远侧轴构件1007和端部执行器1014朝控制构件1034枢转,如图39中所示且由箭头1041指示。相似地,控制构件1032的近侧平移可导致远侧轴构件1007和端部执行器1014以与图39所示相反的方式朝控制构件1032枢转。在各种实施例中,一个控制构件1032,1034的近侧平移可以与相对控制构件的远侧平移一起发生,例如,以便提供相对控制构件1032,1034的松弛,从而有利于关节运动。
控制构件1032,1034的微分平移可以用任何合适的方式引起。例如,当结合机器人外科系统使用时,控制构件1032,1034的微分平移可利用上文结合图22-图36C所述的任何装置和方法来启动。图40-图40A示出结合手动器械(诸如1000)的用于驱动控制构件1032,1034的微分平移的一个实施例。图40示出包括关节运动组件1050的器械1000,该关节运动组件包括关节运动杠杆1052。现在参见图40A,关节运动杠杆1052联接到心轴齿轮1058。控制构件1032,1034中的每一个均可以限定与心轴齿轮1058交接的相应近侧齿条1054,1056。关节运动杠杆1052和心轴齿轮1058沿箭头1060所示第一方向的旋转可引起控制构件1032的远侧平移以及控制构件1034的近侧平移。关节运动杠杆1052沿箭头1062所示的相反方向的旋转可引起控制构件1034的远侧平移以及控制构件1032的近侧平移。
图41示出超声换能器组件1012的一个实施例的剖视图。如图所示,组件1012包括封闭超声换能器1040的外壳1064。换能器可经由电源缆线1038与发生器电连通,如本文所述。在远侧部分处,超声换能器1040在声学上联接到超声刀片1018。换能器1040可被垫圈1070固定在外壳1064内,所述垫圈可由硅胶或另一种合适的材料制成。在某些实施例中,外壳1064限定近侧铰链部分1066和远侧铰链部分1068,所述铰链部分可被用于,如本文所述,将组件1012联接到(例如,如本文所述的)夹持臂构件。
图42示出被布置为四杆连杆的一部分的超声换能器组件1012和夹持臂1016的一个实施例。夹持臂1016可包括夹持垫1076,该夹持垫在夹持臂1016处于闭合位置时定位成与超声刀片1018接触。夹持臂1016还可以包括在枢转点1072处以能够枢转的方式联接到换能器组件1012的近侧构件1078。枢转点1072可以是任何合适类型的机械枢轴,并且可以(例如)包括如图所示的销。近侧构件1078可以从枢转点1072朝近侧进一步延伸,并且在近侧端部处或近侧端部附近,该近侧构件可在枢转点1075处以能够枢转的方式联接到连杆构件1074。相似地,超声换能器组件1012的近侧部分可以在枢转点1077处以能够枢转的方式联接到连杆构件1076。连杆构件1074,1076可以能够枢转的方式联接到彼此,并且在枢转点1080处联接到夹持臂控制构件1044。夹持臂控制构件1044的近侧平移和远侧平移可以使夹持臂1016和超声刀片1018在打开位置和闭合位置之间转换,如本文所述。
在图42所示的示例性实施例中,夹持臂1016包括第二近侧构件1078',使得近侧构件1078,1078'跨立于超声换能器组件1012两侧,并且以能够枢转的方式联接到第二连杆构件1074'。相似地,第二连杆构件1076'可以与连杆构件1078类似的方式以能够枢转的方式联接到超声换能器组件1012。所有的连杆构件1074,1074',1078,1078'均可在枢转点1080处以能够枢转的方式联接到彼此。在各种实施例中,枢转点1075可包括在近侧构件/连杆构件1078/1074和近侧构件/连杆构件1078'/1074'之间延伸的杆1082。类似的杆1084可定位在枢转点1080处。
图43示出联接到远侧轴部分1007且处于打开位置的如图42所示布置的超声换能器组件1012和夹持臂1016的一个实施例的侧视图。如图43所示,远侧轴部分1007包括连接叉臂1086,该连接叉臂在枢转点1072处以能够枢转的方式联接到超声换能器组件1012和夹持臂1016,使得超声换能器组件1012、夹持臂1016和连接叉臂1086均可相对于彼此枢转。在一些实施例中,第二连接叉臂(未示出)存在于超声换能器组件1012和夹持臂1016的相对侧上。如图所示,夹持臂控制构件1044沿箭头1088所指示的方向朝远侧平移。这将推动连杆构件1074,1076分离,并继而导致夹持臂1016和刀片1018(例如,联接到组件1012)围绕枢转点1072枢转远离彼此直到示出的位置。
图44示出联接到远侧轴部分1007且处于闭合位置的如图42所示布置的超声换能器组件1012和夹持臂1016的一个实施例的侧视图。在图44中,夹持臂控制构件1044已沿箭头1090的方向上被朝近侧牵拉。该操作牵拉连杆构件1074,1076,从而使枢转点1075,1077沿箭头1092,1094所指示的方向朝彼此移动。相似地,刀片1018和夹持臂1016围绕枢转点1072沿箭头1096,1098的方向朝彼此枢转到示出的闭合位置。夹持臂控制构件1044的远侧平移和近侧平移可以用任何合适的方式引起。例如,在手持式器械中,夹持臂控制构件1044可以与上文关于管状致动构件58所述类似的方式朝远侧和朝近侧平移。另外,例如,在机器人器械中,夹持臂控制构件1044可以与上文结合图22-图36C所述类似的方式朝远侧和朝近侧平移。
图45和图46示出包括轴1004的近侧部分的如图42所示布置的图37-图38的超声换能器组件和夹持臂的一个实施例的侧视图。在图45中,刀片1018和夹持臂1016被示出为处于闭合位置,类似于图44。近侧轴部分1009被示出为从套管针1100伸出。远侧轴部分1007和端部执行器1014被示出为围绕关节运动接头1010沿箭头1102所指示的方向进行关节运动。夹持臂控制构件1044被朝近侧(如箭头1090所指示)牵拉,并且被显示为在关节运动接头1010附近弯曲。在图46中,刀片1018和夹持臂1016被示出为处于打开位置,类似于图43。夹持臂控制构件1044被朝远侧(如箭头1088所指示)推动,并且再次地在关节运动接头1010附近弯曲。在图37-图46所示的实施例以及本文所述的各种实施例中,超声刀片和夹持臂可以采用任何合适的一种或多种形状。例如,图47-图48示出具有以另选方式成形的超声刀片1018'和夹持臂1016'的端部执行器1014'的一个实施例。
图49示出包括柔性超声换能器组件1012'的另一个端部执行器1014"的一个实施例。超声换能器组件1012'包括通过能够弯曲的中间部分1106联接的远侧换能器部分1103和近侧换能器部分1104。近侧换能器部分1104可以联接到近侧换能器托架1108。例如,换能器部分1104可以利用可定位在换能器的节点处的各种圆盘1070联接到托架1108。托架1108可在枢转点1080处以能够枢转的方式联接到连杆构件1074。远侧换能器部分1103同样可以(例如)利用位于换能器节点处的圆盘1070联接到远侧托架1110。远侧托架1110可在枢转点1072处以能够枢转的方式联接到夹持臂1016和连接叉臂1086。在各种实施例中,能够弯曲的中间部分1106可具有比远侧换能器部分1103和近侧换能器部分1104小的横向区域。另外,在一些实施例中,中间部分1106可由与远侧换能器部分1103和近侧换能器部分1104不同的材料制成。例如,远侧换能器部分1103和近侧换能器部分1104可由压电元件(诸如上文所述的元件112)制成。能够弯曲的中间部分1106可由传导超声能量的任何合适的柔性材料制成,包括例如钛、钛合金、镍钛诺等。应当理解,超声换能器组件1012'在图49中被示出为不具有任何外壳是为了更清楚地示出该实施例。在使用时,超声换能器组件1012可以与外壳一起使用,所述外壳诸如上文结合图41所描述的外壳1064。
在使用时,能够弯曲的中间换能器部分1106可以提供与枢转点1077类似的功能。例如,当夹持臂控制构件1044被朝远侧推动时,能够弯曲的中间换能器部分1106可以弯曲,从而将刀片1018和夹持臂1016推动至图49中示出的打开位置。当夹持臂控制构件1044被朝近侧牵拉时,能够弯曲的中间换能器部分1106可被进一步拉直,从而将刀片1018和夹持臂1016牵拉至闭合位置。
在一些示例性实施例中,超声换能器组件可定位在轴中,使得换能器组件的近侧端部从关节运动接头朝近侧延伸。这可用于使关节运动和超声刀片的远侧末端之间的距离最小化。图50显示换能器组件1012从关节运动接头1010朝近侧延伸的手动外科器械1200的一个实施例。可以看出,超声刀片1018的最远侧点与关节运动接头1010之间的距离1204小于超声换能器组件1012在关节运动接头远侧的所有情况下的该距离。虽然图50所示的器械1200是手动器械,但是应当理解,图50所示构型中的轴1004和端部执行器1014也可以与机器人外科系统(诸如本文所述的系统500)一起使用。
图51示出如图50所示布置的换能器组件1012、远侧轴部分1007、关节运动接头1010和端部执行器1014的近距离视图。图52示出关节运动接头1010的一个实施例,其中远侧轴部分1007和近侧轴部分1009被移除以显示用于使轴1004进行关节运动和致动夹持构件(haw member)1016的一个示例性实施例。在图52中,关节运动控制构件1210,1212联接到滑轮1206。滑轮继而可例如在关节运动接头1010处联接到远侧轴部分1007,使得滑轮1206的旋转引起远侧轴部分1007和端部执行器1014的相应枢转。控制构件1212的近侧平移可使滑轮1206顺时针旋转(在图52所示的构型中),从而使端部执行器1014朝控制构件1212如图52所示那样进行关节运动。相似地,控制构件1210的近侧平移可使滑轮1206逆时针旋转(在图52所示的构型中),从而使端部执行器1014朝控制构件1210与图52所示相反进行关节运动。
夹持臂控制构件1044可延伸穿过滑轮1206中的通道1208。如图所示,夹持臂1016能够在枢转点1214处以能够枢转的方式联接到远侧板1215。夹持臂控制构件1044在从枢转点1214偏离的点1216处联接到夹持臂1016,使得夹持臂控制构件1044的远侧平移和近侧平移将夹持臂1016打开和闭合。板1215(例如)可联接到远侧轴部分1007(图52中未示出)、换能器组件1012或任何其他合适的部件。在一些实施例中,夹持臂1016以能够枢转的方式直接联接到远侧轴部分1007和/或换能器组件1012。
关节运动控制构件1210,1212可发生微分平移,从而使远侧轴部分1007和端部执行器1014进行关节运动。控制构件1210,1212的微分关节运动可以任何合适的方式被致动。例如,在手动外科器械中,控制构件1210,1212可以利用如图40A所示的关节运动杠杆1052和心轴齿轮1058发生微分平移。另外,在机器人外科器械中,控制构件1210,1212可以(例如)利用上文结合图22-图36C所述的任何机构发生微分平移。夹持臂控制构件1044可以各种方式(包括例如本文所述的所有附加方式)被驱动。
在一些实施例中,外科器械具有可独立于轴旋转的端部执行器。例如,轴自身可在关节运动接头处旋转和进行关节运动。另外,端部执行器可独立于轴旋转,包括(例如)在轴进行关节运动的同时。这可以有效地增大端部执行器的空间范围。图53示出手动外科器械1300的一个实施例,其包括具有可进行关节运动、可旋转的端部执行器1312的轴1303。虽然轴1303被示出为与包括柄部1302的手动外科器械一起使用,但是应当理解,类似的轴可以与机器人外科系统(诸如本文所述的那些)一起使用。
轴1303包括关节运动接头1010,该关节运动接头可利用关节运动杠杆1052进行关节运动,例如,如通过箭头1306所指示。旋转旋钮1314可使轴1303旋转,例如,如同上文所述旋转旋钮48使轴组件14旋转。端部执行器旋转转盘1304可使端部执行器旋转,例如,如通过箭头1310所指示。图54示出器械1300和轴1303的一个实施例的剖视图。图54示出联接到(例如)如上文结合图39、图40和图40A所述的控制构件1032,1034的关节运动杠杆1052的一个实施例。中心轴构件1316可延伸穿过轴1303,并且在远侧端部处联接到端部执行器1312(例如,超声刀片1018和夹持臂1016)。中心轴构件1316的近侧端部可以联接到端部执行器旋转转盘1304,使得转盘的旋转引起中心轴构件1316的旋转和端部执行器1312的对应旋转。
中心轴构件1316可由任何合适的材料根据任何合适的构造制成。例如,在一些实施例中,中心轴构件1316可以是实心的(或中空的,用于封闭电线和其他部件)。中心轴构件1316可以由柔性材料制成,诸如外科级橡胶、柔性金属诸如钛、镍钛诺等。通过这种方式,当轴1303在关节运动接头1010处进行关节运动时,中心轴构件1316可以弯曲。中心轴构件1316的旋转仍可以跨越关节运动接头1010平移至端部执行器1312。
在一些实施例中,中心轴构件1316除了使端部执行器1312旋转之外,还可以致动夹持臂1016。例如,中心轴构件1316可以通过(例如)响应于触发器1022的致动朝远侧和朝近侧平移而致动夹持臂1016。上述的图52示出了夹持臂1016的一个实施例,该夹持臂可利用远侧运动和近侧运动打开和闭合。下面结合图59描述了另外的实施例。
在中心轴构件1316致动夹持臂1016的实施例中,可能期望避免将中心轴构件1316的远侧运动和/或近侧运动平移至转盘1304。图55示出器械1300的一个实施例,其中显示了端部执行器旋转转盘1304和中心轴构件1316之间的键合连接。中心轴构件1316的近侧部分可联接到限定狭槽1326的套环1324。转盘1304可联接到定位在套环1324内的轴1320。轴1320限定键或花键1322,所述键或花键定位成贴合在狭槽1326内。通过这种方式,转盘1304的旋转可引起中心轴构件1316的对应旋转,但中心轴构件1316的远侧平移和近侧平移可能不会被传送到转盘1304。图55还示出了将电驱动信号传递到换能器组件1012的一个示例性方法。例如,驱动缆线1318可联接到滑环1324。滑环1324继而可联接到远侧驱动缆线1330(图56),该远侧驱动缆线可延伸穿过轴1303,例如,穿过中心轴构件1316。图56示出重点关注关节运动接头1010的轴1303的一个实施例。在图56所示的实施例中,可能不需要整个中心轴构件1316是能够弯曲的。相反,如图56所示,中心轴构件1316包括与轴1303的关节运动接头1010对齐的能够弯曲段1332。
能够弯曲段1332可以任何合适的方式实施。例如,能够弯曲段1332可由柔性材料构造,诸如外科级橡胶或能够弯曲金属例如钛、镍钛诺等。另外,在一些实施例中,能够弯曲段1332可由铰接式机械部件制成。例如,图57示出由铰接式机械部件制成的中心轴构件1316的一个实施例。如图57所示,中心轴构件1316包括以能够枢转的方式联接到中心构件1342的远侧构件1340。远侧构件1340和中心构件1342可相对于彼此沿箭头1346所指示的方向枢转。中心构件1342还可以以能够枢转的方式联接到近侧构件1344。中心构件1342和近侧构件1344可相对于彼此沿箭头1348所指示的方向枢转。例如,构件1344,1342的枢转方向可基本上垂直于构件1342,1340的枢转方向。这样,当中心轴构件1316在能够弯曲段1332处与关节运动接头1010一起枢转时,该中心轴构件1316可以向端部执行器1312提供旋转扭矩。
重新参见图56,关节运动接头1010被示出为轴1303的连续的柔性部分1350。可以使用各种其他构型。例如,图58示出包括远侧轴部分1356和近侧轴部分1358的轴1303的一个实施例。例如,相应的轴部分1356,1358可以分别在枢转点1352,1354处以能够枢转的方式联接到中间轴部分1360。在图58示出的构型中,关节运动接头1010可以如上文例如结合图39、图40和图40A所述的那样进行关节运动。
图59示出轴1303和端部执行器1312的一个实施例,其中示出了中心轴构件1316和夹持臂1016之间的联接。在图59中,中心轴构件1316被示为是实心(或者中空)构件,其在关节运动接头1010处能够弯曲并且/或者具有能够弯曲部分。在图59中,省略了远侧轴部分1356和近侧轴部分1358,以便示出中心轴构件1316的操作。例如,中心轴构件1316可在超声换能器组件1012和换能器1040周围延伸,并且在枢转点1366处以能够枢转的方式联接到夹持臂1016。夹持臂1016也可以在枢转点1364处以能够枢转的方式联接到远侧轴部分1356。枢转点1364,1366可能相对于纵向轴线1002彼此偏离。当中心轴部分1316被朝远侧推动时,其可在枢转点1366处将夹持臂1016朝远侧推动。因为枢转点1364可保持固定,所以夹持臂1364可枢转至打开位置。朝近侧牵拉中心轴部分1316可将夹持臂1016拉回图59中所示的闭合位置。如图所示,当中心轴部分1316朝远侧和朝近侧平移时,换能器组件1012和刀片1018也可以朝远侧和朝近侧平移。
虽然本文将器械1300描述为手动器械,但应当理解,在各种所述的实施例中,轴1303也可以被用在机器人外科器械中。例如,可如上文结合图22-图36C所述引起控制构件1032,1034的微分平移、轴1303的旋转以及中心轴构件1316的旋转。相似地,轴1303可被用在手动器械中,其中端部执行器1312的关节运动和旋转以机动方式进行。图60-图61示出外科器械1300'的控制机构,其中端部执行器1312的关节运动和旋转以机动方式进行。器械1300'包括柄部1302',该柄部可包括电动马达和机构,例如,类似于本文结合图22-图36C所述的马达和机构。关节运动钮1370可沿箭头1375的方向移动,以使端部执行器1312围绕关节运动接头1010进行关节运动,并且/或者可沿箭头1372所指示的方向旋转,以旋转端部执行器1312(例如,通过旋转中心轴构件1316)。
图62-图63示出可以与本文所述的各种外科器械一起使用的轴1400的一个实施例。轴1400可以包括可沿多个方向(如通过箭头1410和1412所指示)进行关节运动的双向关节运动接头1402。轴1400可包括近侧轴构件1404,该近侧轴构件以能够枢转的方式联接到接头构件1408,使得近侧轴构件1404能够沿箭头1412的方向相对于接头构件1408枢转。接头构件1408还可以以能够枢转的方式联接到远侧轴构件1406,使得远侧轴构件1406能够沿箭头1410的方向相对于接头构件1408枢转。相应构件1404,1406,1408之间的能够枢转的联接可以是任何合适的类型,包括(例如)销和连接叉联接。
现在参见图63,关节运动接头1402可被一系列控制构件致动。控制构件1414,1412可以联接到接头构件1408,并且可以朝近侧延伸穿过近侧轴构件1404。控制构件1414,1412的微分平移可导致端部执行器1411沿箭头1412的方向枢转远离纵向轴线1002。例如,控制构件1412的近侧平移(例如,伴随控制构件1414的远侧平移)可以将端部执行器1411、远侧轴构件1406和接头构件1408远离纵向轴线1002并朝控制构件1412牵拉。相似地,控制构件1414的近侧平移(例如,伴随控制构件1412的远侧平移)可以将端部执行器1411、远侧轴构件1406和接头构件1408远离纵向轴线1002并朝控制构件1414牵拉。
另外的控制构件1416,1418可以联接到远侧轴构件1406。控制构件1416的微分平移可导致远侧轴构件1406和端部执行器1411沿箭头1410的方向枢转。例如,控制构件1416的近侧平移(例如,伴随控制构件1418的远侧平移)可以将端部执行器1411和远侧轴构件1406远离纵向轴线1002并朝控制构件1416牵拉。相似地,控制构件1418的近侧平移(例如,伴随控制构件1416的远侧平移)可以将端部执行器1411和远侧轴构件1406远离纵向轴线1002并朝控制构件1418牵拉。用于驱动超声换能器组件1012的驱动信号线可以穿过近侧轴构件1404、接头构件1408和远侧轴构件1406。
相应控制构件1412,1414,1416,1418的微分平移可以任何合适的方式实施。例如,在手动器械中,控制构件1412,1414,1416,1418的微分平移可以上文结合图39、图40和图40A所述的方式实施。在机器人器械中,可以使用任何方法或机构,包括(例如)上文结合图22-图36C所述的那些。
图64示出可利用缆线和滑轮机构来进行关节运动的轴1600的一个实施例。轴1600可以与本文所述的各种外科器械中的任何一种一起使用。轴1600包括在关节运动接头1615处联接的近侧轴构件1602和远侧轴构件1614。端部执行器1617可联接到远侧轴构件1614的远侧部分。如图64所示的端部执行器1615可包括超声刀片1018、超声换能器组件1012、夹持臂1016和以四杆连杆构型布置的连杆构件1608,1610,所述四杆连杆构型与本文结合图42-图46所示的端部执行器1014所述的构型类似。例如,端部执行器1617可以在连接叉臂1615处以能够枢转的方式联接到远侧轴构件1614。夹持臂控制构件1624可以联接到连杆构件1608,1610,用于打开和闭合夹持臂构件1016,如上所述。轴1600可以如通过箭头1604所指示的那样旋转。与端部执行器1014形成对照,端部执行器1617可能只包括单连杆构件1608和单连杆构件1610,如图所示。应当理解,超声换能器组件1012在图64中示出为不具有任何外壳,以便更清楚地示出该实施例。在使用时,超声换能器组件1012可以与外壳一起使用,该外壳诸如上文结合图41所描述的外壳1064。
图65示出轴1600的一个实施例,示出了远侧轴部分1614(和端部执行器1617,其在图65中未示出)可如何进行关节运动的额外细节。例如,控制构件1620,1622可延伸穿过近侧轴构件1602并且围绕联接到近侧轴构件1614的滑轮1618延伸。例如,滑轮1618围绕轴线1615的旋转(图64)可引起远侧轴部分1614的枢转。滑轮1618可以经由控制构件1620,1622的微分平移发生旋转,从而引起远侧轴部分1614和端部执行器1617沿箭头1606的方向进行关节运动。图64示出端部执行器1617和远侧轴构件1615沿相对于纵向轴线1002的第一方向进行了关节运动的另选位置1601。然而,应当理解,该端部执行器1617和远侧轴构件1615可沿围绕关节运动轴线1619(图64)的多个方向进行关节运动。
控制构件1620,1622和夹持臂控制构件1624可以任何合适的方式被致动。例如,控制构件1620,1622可发生微分平移,从而使端部执行器1617和远侧轴构件1615进行关节运动。当控制构件1620,1622与手动器械一起使用时,所述控制构件可以(例如)如上文结合图39、图40和图40A所述的那样发生微分平移。当控制构件1620,1622与机器人器械一起使用时,该控制构件可以(例如)利用上文结合图22-图36C所述的任何机构发生微分平移。在手动器械中,夹持臂控制构件1624可以机械地联接到器械触发器,诸如管状致动构件58联接到上述触发器22。在机器人器械中,可以(例如)利用上文结合图22-图36C所述的任何机构对夹持臂控制构件1624进行致动。
图66示出可以与本文所述的各种器械和/或轴中的任一种一起使用的端部执行器1700的一个实施例。端部执行器1700可有利于夹持臂1016和超声刀片1018的独立致动。端部执行器1700可以按照与上文所述的四杆连杆端部执行器1014类似的方式工作。作为连杆构件1705,1707联接到单夹持臂控制构件1044(图42)的替代,连杆构件1705,1707中的每一个可联接到不同的控制构件1702、1704。例如,连杆构件1705可联接到夹持臂控制构件1702,而连杆构件1707可联接到刀片控制构件1704。连杆构件1705,1707的近侧端部可搭放在由轴1710(或其远侧部分)限定的狭槽1706,1708内。例如,连杆构件1705,1076可包括搭放在狭槽1706,1708内的相应的栓1712,1714。在一些实施例中,连杆构件1705,1707可以是单连杆构件(与连杆构件1608,1610类似),或者可以是双连杆构件(与连杆构件1074,1074'和1076,1076'类似)。
夹持臂控制构件1702的远侧平移和近侧平移可导致夹持臂1016围绕枢转点1072枢转。例如,夹持臂控制构件1702的近侧平移可将连杆构件1705和夹持臂1016的近侧部分1078朝内侧牵拉,从而趋向于使夹持臂1016沿箭头1716所指示的方向围绕枢转点1072枢转。夹持臂控制构件1702的远侧平移可将连杆构件1705和夹持臂构件1078的近侧部分1078朝远侧(在1724处示出)推动,从而趋向于使夹持臂1016沿箭头1718所指示的方向围绕枢转点1072枢转。相似地,刀片控制构件1704的远侧平移和近侧平移可致使刀片1018围绕枢转点1072枢转。刀片控制构件1704的近侧平移可将连杆构件1076和换能器组件1012朝近侧牵拉,致使刀片1018沿箭头1720所指示的方向围绕枢转点1072枢转。刀片控制构件1704的远侧平移可将连杆构件1076和换能器组件1012朝远侧(在1726处示出)推动,从而趋向于使刀片1018沿箭头1722所指示的方向围绕枢转点1072枢转。
通过操纵各种控制构件1702,1704,端部执行器1700的刀片1018和夹持臂1016可以打开和闭合,并且还可以一起围绕枢转点1072枢转,例如,以便向端部执行器1700提供另外的关节运动度。例如,虽然刀片1018和夹持臂1016在图66中被示出为沿着纵向轴线1002闭合,但是应当理解,部件1018,1016也可被放置于枢转远离纵向轴线1002的闭合位置。
图67示出联接到另选的滑轮驱动端部执行器1800的轴1600的一个实施例。图68示出端部执行器1800的一个实施例。端部执行器1800可包括连杆构件1810,1812,所述连杆构件各自可以以能够枢转的方式联接到相应的滑轮1814,1816。连杆构件1810,1812可以在与滑轮1814,1816的中心1817偏置的位置处联接到滑轮1814,1816,使得滑轮1814,1816的旋转将连杆构件1810,1812朝远侧和朝近侧平移。滑轮1814,1816可被单独地驱动。例如,滑轮1816可以经由控制构件1802,1804的微分平移发生旋转。相似地,滑轮1814可以经由控制构件1806,1808的微分平移发生旋转。当滑轮1814旋转时,连杆构件1810可以朝远侧和朝近侧平移,使得夹持臂1016沿箭头1814,1816所指示的方向围绕枢转点1072枢转。相似地,当滑轮1816旋转时,连杆构件1812可以朝远侧和朝近侧平移,使得超声换能器组件1012和刀片1018沿箭头1818,1820的方向围绕枢转点1072枢转。控制构件对1802/1804和1806/1808的微分平移可以用任何合适的方式引起。例如,在手动器械中,控制构件对可以如上文结合图39、图40和图40A所述的那样发生微分平移。在机器人器械中,控制构件对可以如上文结合图22-图36C所述的那样发生微分平移。应当理解,超声换能器组件1012在图67-图68中示出为不具有任何外壳,以便更清楚地示出该实施例。在使用时,超声换能器组件1012可以与外壳一起使用,该外壳诸如上文结合图41所描述的外壳1064。
非限制性实施例
各种实施例涉及外科器械,其包括端部执行器、关节运动轴和超声换能器组件。端部执行器可包括超声刀片。关节运动轴可以从端部执行器沿着纵向轴线朝近侧延伸,并且可以包括在关节运动接头处以能够枢转的方式联接的近侧轴构件和远侧轴构件。超声换能器组件可以包括在声学上联接到超声刀片的超声换能器。超声换能器组件可定位在关节运动接头的远侧。在一些实施例中,超声换能器组件可以被定位成使得超声换能器组件的一部分在关节运动接头的近侧,并且超声换能器组件的另一部分在关节运动接头的远侧。
在一些实施例中,所述器械包括第一控制构件和第二控制构件,它们延伸穿过轴使得第一控制构件的近侧平移致使远侧轴构件和端部执行器朝第一控制构件枢转。另外,在一些实施例中,远侧轴部分可以在关节运动接头周围限定滑轮,使得滑轮的旋转致使远侧轴部分的关节运动。第一控制构件和第二控制构件可围绕滑轮定位,使得第一控制构件和第二控制构件的微分平移致使滑轮的旋转和远侧轴构件的关节运动。
另外,一些实施例包括夹持臂,该夹持臂可围绕夹持臂枢转点从打开位置枢转到基本上平行于超声刀片的闭合位置。夹持臂枢转点可以与纵向轴线偏置。夹持臂控制构件可在与纵向轴线偏置的位置处联接到夹持臂,使得夹持臂控制构件的远侧平移将夹持臂枢转至打开位置,并且夹持臂控制构件的近侧平移将夹持臂枢转至闭合位置。
在一些实施例中,夹持臂限定从夹持臂枢转点朝远侧延伸的夹持部分以及从夹持臂枢转点朝近侧延伸的近侧部分。第一连杆构件可限定以能够枢转的方式联接到夹持臂控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到超声换能器组件的近侧部分的远侧端部。第二连杆构件可限定以能够枢转的方式联接到夹持臂控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到夹持臂的近侧部分的远侧端部。在一些实施例中,第一连杆构件可以联接到刀片控制构件并且第二连杆构件可以联接到夹持臂控制构件。另外,在一些实施例中,第一连杆构件和第二连杆构件通过相应的控制构件联接到相应的可各自旋转的滑轮。再者,在一些实施例中,第一连杆构件和第二连杆构件可联接到相应的第一滑轮和第二滑轮,其中每个滑轮可各自旋转以使夹持臂和刀片枢转。
在一些实施例中,超声换能器组件的近侧部分和超声换能器组件的远侧部分由能够弯曲的、声学上可透射的区段分开,该区段的横向区域小于超声换能器组件的远侧部分和近侧部分的纵向直径。第一连杆构件可以如上所述进行连接。超声换能器组件的近侧部分还可以联接到夹持臂控制构件。
申请人还拥有以下专利申请,这些专利申请各自以其相应全文以引用的方式并入:
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Flexible Drive Member”(代理人案卷号END7131USNP/120135)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,271;
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Multi-Functional Powered SurgicalDevice with External Dissection Features”(代理人案卷号END7132USNP/120136)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,288;
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Rotary Actuatable ClosureArrangement for Surgical End Effector”(代理人案卷号END7134USNP/120138)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,295;
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Surgical End Effectors HavingAngled Tissue-Contacting Surfaces”(代理人案卷号END7135USNP/120139)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,326;
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Interchangeable End EffectorCoupling Arrangement”(代理人案卷号END7136USNP/120140)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,303;
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Surgical End Effector Jaw andElectrode Configurations”(代理人案卷号END7137USNP/120141)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,393;
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Multi-Axis Articulating and RotatingSurgical Tools”(代理人案卷号END7138USNP/120142)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,362;和
2012年6月28日提交并且名称为“Electrode Connections for RotaryDriven Surgical Tools”(代理人案卷号END7149USNP/120153)的美国专利申请序列号13/536,417。
在一些实施例中,轴还包括定位在关节周围的接头构件。接头构件可以能够枢转的方式联接到远侧轴构件,使得远侧轴构件可围绕基本上垂直于纵向轴线的第一枢转轴线相对于接头构件枢转,并且该接头构件可以能够枢转的方式联接到近侧轴构件,使得接头构件可围绕基本上垂直于纵向轴线且基本上垂直于第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线相对于近侧轴构件枢转。
应当理解,结合临床医生操纵用来治疗患者的器械的一端在说明书中通篇使用术语“近侧”和“远侧”。术语“近侧”是指器械的最靠近临床医生的部分,术语“远侧”是指离临床医生最远的部分。还应当理解,为简明和清楚起见,本文可以参考所示实施例使用诸如“竖直”、“水平”、“上”或“下”之类的空间术语。然而,外科器械可以在许多取向和位置使用,并且这些术语并非意图是限制的或绝对的。
本文描述了外科器械和机器人外科系统的各种实施例。本领域的技术人员应当理解,本文所述的各种实施例可以与所述的外科器械和机器人外科系统一起使用。提供的说明只是为了举例,本领域的技术人员应当理解,所公开的实施例不只是限于本文所公开的装置,而是可以与任何兼容的外科器械或机器人外科系统一起使用。
本说明书通篇提及的“各种实施例”、“一些实施例”、“一个示例性实施例”或“实施例”意味着结合所述实施例描述的具体特征、结构或特性包括在至少一个示例性实施例中。因此,在整篇说明书中出现的短语“在各种实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在一个示例性实施例中”或“在实施例中”并不一定都指相同的实施例。此外,在没有限制的情况下,结合一个示例性实施例示出或描述的具体特征、结构或特性可全部或部分地与一个或多个其他实施例的特征、结构或特性组合。
虽然已经通过描述若干实施例来例示了本文的各种实施例,并且虽然已经相当详细地描述了例示性实施例,但是申请人的意图不在于将所附权利要求的范围约束或以任何方式限制到这些细节中。本领域的技术人员可容易看出另外的优点和修改形式。例如,所公开的实施例中的每一个均可用于内窥镜式手术、腹腔镜式手术、以及开放式手术中,其预期用途不受限制。
应当理解,本文的附图和描述中的至少一些已被简化以示出适于清楚地理解本公开的元件,同时为清晰起见移除了其他元件。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,这些和其他元件可为所需的。然而,由于此类元件为本领域所熟知并且由于它们不利于较好地理解本公开,因此本文未提供对这些元件的论述。
虽然已经描述了若干实施例,但应当知道,本领域技术人员在掌握了本公开的一些或全部优点之后可能对这些实施例作出各种修改、改变和改型。例如,根据各种实施例,单个部件可替换为多个部件,并且多个部件也可替换为单个部件,以执行给定的一种或多种功能。因此,在不脱离所附权利要求书限定的本公开的范围和实质的情况下,本专利申请旨在涵盖所有此类修改、变型和改型形式。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、专利公布或其他公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本发明所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,在必要的程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突的材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其他公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
Claims (20)
1.一种外科器械,包括:
用于处理组织的端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器包括超声刀片;
关节运动轴,所述关节运动轴从所述端部执行器沿着纵向轴线朝近侧延伸,其中所述关节运动轴包括:
近侧轴构件;和
远侧轴构件,所述远侧轴构件在关节运动接头处以能够枢转的方式联接到所述近侧轴构件;以及
超声换能器组件,所述超声换能器组件包括在声学上联接到所述超声刀片的超声换能器,其中所述超声换能器组件定位在所述关节运动接头的远侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,还包括:
第一控制构件,所述第一控制构件延伸穿过所述轴;和
第二控制构件,所述第二控制构件在相对于所述纵向轴线与所述第一控制构件基本上相对的位置处延伸穿过所述轴,其中所述第一控制构件的近侧平移致使所述远侧轴构件和所述端部执行器朝所述第一控制构件枢转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,还包括夹持臂,所述夹持臂能够围绕夹持臂枢转点从打开位置枢转到基本上平行于所述超声刀片的闭合位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述夹持臂枢转点与所述纵向轴线偏置,并且其中所述外科器械还包括:
夹持臂控制构件,所述夹持臂控制构件在与所述纵向轴线偏置的位置处联接到所述夹持臂,使得所述夹持臂控制构件的远侧平移将所述夹持臂枢转至所述打开位置,并且使得所述夹持臂控制构件的近侧平移将所述夹持臂枢转至所述闭合位置。
5.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述超声刀片从所述超声换能器朝远侧延伸,其中所述夹持臂限定从所述夹持臂枢转点朝远侧延伸的夹持部分以及从所述夹持臂枢转点朝近侧延伸的近侧部分,并且其中所述外科器械还包括:
夹持臂控制构件,所述夹持臂控制构件延伸穿过所述轴;
第一连杆构件,所述第一连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到所述超声换能器组件的近侧部分的远侧端部;
第二连杆构件,所述第二连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂的所述近侧部分的远侧端部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科器械,其中所述夹持臂控制构件的近侧平移将所述超声刀片和所述夹持臂的夹持部分枢转到所述闭合位置,并且其中所述夹持臂控制构件的远侧平移将所述超声刀片和所述夹持臂的夹持部分枢转到所述打开位置。
7.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述超声刀片从所述超声换能器朝远侧延伸,其中所述夹持臂限定从所述夹持臂枢转点朝远侧延伸的夹持部分以及从所述夹持臂枢转点朝近侧延伸的近侧部分,并且其中所述外科器械还包括:
夹持臂控制构件,所述夹持臂控制构件延伸穿过所述轴;
第一连杆构件,所述第一连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到所述超声换能器组件的近侧部分的远侧端部;
其中所述超声换能器组件的所述近侧部分和所述超声换能器组件的远侧部分由能够弯曲的、在声学上可透射的区段分开,所述区段的横向区域小于所述超声换能器组件的所述远侧部分和所述近侧部分的纵向直径;并且
其中所述超声换能器组件的所述近侧部分联接到所述夹持臂控制构件。
8.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述超声刀片从所述超声换能器朝远侧延伸,其中所述夹持臂限定从所述夹持臂枢转点朝远侧延伸的夹持部分以及从所述夹持臂枢转点朝近侧延伸的近侧部分,并且其中所述外科器械还包括:
夹持臂控制构件,所述夹持臂控制构件延伸穿过所述轴;
第一连杆构件,所述第一连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂的所述近侧部分的远侧端部;
超声刀片控制构件,所述超声刀片控制构件延伸穿过所述轴;
第二连杆构件,所述第二连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述超声刀片控制构件的近侧端部以及以能够枢转的方式联接到所述超声换能器组件的近侧部分的远侧端部。
9.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述超声刀片从所述超声换能器朝远侧延伸,其中所述夹持臂限定从所述夹持臂枢转点朝远侧延伸的夹持部分以及从所述夹持臂枢转点朝近侧延伸的近侧部分,并且其中所述外科器械还包括:
夹持臂滑轮,所述夹持臂滑轮能够围绕基本上垂直于所述纵向轴线的夹持臂滑轮轴线旋转;
第一连杆构件,所述第一连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂的所述近侧部分的远侧端部以及在与所述夹持臂滑轮轴线偏置的位置处以能够枢转的方式联接到所述夹持臂滑轮的近侧端部;
夹持臂控制构件,所述夹持臂控制构件围绕所述夹持臂滑轮定位,并且限定朝近侧延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件的第一端部和第二端部。
10.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中所述超声刀片从所述超声换能器朝远侧延伸,其中所述夹持臂限定从所述夹持臂枢转点朝远侧延伸的夹持部分以及从所述夹持臂枢转点朝近侧延伸的近侧部分,并且其中所述外科器械还包括:
超声刀片滑轮,所述超声刀片滑轮能够围绕基本上垂直于所述纵向轴线的超声刀片滑轮轴线旋转;
第一连杆构件,所述第一连杆构件限定以能够枢转的方式联接到所述超声刀片的所述近侧部分的远侧端部以及在与所述超声刀片滑轮轴线偏置的位置处以能够枢转的方式联接到所述超声刀片滑轮的近侧端部;
超声刀片控制构件,所述超声刀片控制构件围绕所述超声刀片滑轮定位,并且限定朝近侧延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件的第一端部和第二端部。
11.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述关节运动轴还包括联接到所述端部执行器并且从所述端部执行器朝近侧延伸的内轴,使得所述内轴的旋转致使所述端部执行器旋转。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械,其中所述内轴包括柔性杆。
13.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械,其中所述内轴包括:
内轴远侧构件,所述内轴远侧构件联接到所述端部执行器;
内轴接头构件,所述内轴接头构件以能够枢转的方式联接到所述内轴远侧构件;和
内轴近侧构件,所述内轴近侧构件以能够枢转的方式联接到所述内轴接头构件。
14.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述关节运动轴还包括:
接头构件,所述接头构件围绕所述关节运动接头定位,其中所述接头构件:
以能够枢转的方式联接到所述远侧轴构件,使得所述远侧轴构件能够围绕基本上垂直于所述纵向轴线的第一枢转轴线相对于所述接头构件枢转;
以能够枢转的方式联接到所述近侧轴构件,使得所述接头构件能够围绕基本上垂直于所述纵向轴线并且基本上垂直于所述第一枢转轴线的第二枢转轴线相对于所述近侧轴构件枢转。
15.根据权利要求14所述的外科器械,还包括:
第一控制构件,所述第一控制构件延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件;和
第二控制构件,所述第二控制构件在相对于所述纵向轴线与所述第一控制构件基本上相对的位置处延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件,其中所述第一控制构件的近侧平移致使所述远侧轴构件围绕所述第一枢转轴线朝所述第一控制构件枢转。
16.根据权利要求14所述的外科器械,还包括:
第三控制构件,所述第三控制构件联接到所述接头构件并且朝近侧延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件;和
第四控制构件,所述第四控制构件在相对于纵向轴线与所述第三控制构件基本上相对的位置处联接到所述接头构件并且朝近侧延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件,其中所述第三控制构件的近侧平移致使所述接头构件和所述远侧轴构件围绕所述第二枢转轴线朝所述第三控制构件枢转。
17.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述远侧轴构件包括围绕所述关节运动接头的滑轮,并且其中所述外科器械还包括控制构件,所述控制构件围绕所述滑轮定位并且限定朝近侧延伸穿过所述近侧轴构件的第一端部和第二端部,其中所述控制构件的所述第一端部的近侧平移使所述滑轮旋转,从而使所述远侧轴构件和所述端部执行器围绕所述关节运动接头枢转。
18.一种外科器械,包括:
用于处理组织的端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器包括超声刀片;
关节运动轴,所述关节运动轴从所述端部执行器沿着纵向轴线朝近侧延伸,其中所述关节运动轴包括:
近侧轴构件;和
远侧轴构件,所述远侧轴构件在关节运动接头处以能够枢转的方式联接到所述近侧轴构件;以及
超声换能器组件,所述超声换能器组件包括在声学上联接到所述超声刀片的超声换能器,其中所述超声换能器组件联接到所述远侧轴构件并且包括朝近侧延伸经过所述关节运动接头的近侧部分。
19.根据权利要求18所述的外科器械,其中当所述远侧轴构件和所述端部执行器围绕所述关节运动接头沿第二方向枢转远离所述纵向轴线时,所述超声换能器组件的所述近侧部分沿第一方向枢转远离所述纵向轴线,所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
20.根据权利要求18所述的外科器械,其中所述近侧轴构件在所述近侧轴构件的远侧端部处限定第一连接叉臂和第二连接叉臂,其中当所述轴是直的时,所述换能器组件的所述近侧部分定位在所述第一连接叉臂和所述第二连接叉臂之间。
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WO2014004112A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
BR112014032928B1 (pt) | 2022-02-01 |
JP6672236B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 |
US20170245875A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
JP2018020171A (ja) | 2018-02-08 |
BR112014032928A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
JP2015528717A (ja) | 2015-10-01 |
US10779845B2 (en) | 2020-09-22 |
EP2866696B1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
US20140005702A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
IN2015DN00378A (zh) | 2015-06-12 |
CN104540461B (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
EP2866696A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
AU2013280943A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
CA2877686A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
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