JP6063387B2 - 手術器具における器具シャフトのロールとエンドエフェクタの作動の切り離し - Google Patents
手術器具における器具シャフトのロールとエンドエフェクタの作動の切り離し Download PDFInfo
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- JP6063387B2 JP6063387B2 JP2013539002A JP2013539002A JP6063387B2 JP 6063387 B2 JP6063387 B2 JP 6063387B2 JP 2013539002 A JP2013539002 A JP 2013539002A JP 2013539002 A JP2013539002 A JP 2013539002A JP 6063387 B2 JP6063387 B2 JP 6063387B2
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Description
本出願は、2010年11月15日に“METHOD FOR PASSIVELY DECOUPLING TORQUE APPLIED BY A REMOTE ACTUATOR INTO AN INDEPENDENTLY ROTATING MEMBER”の名称で出願された米国仮特許出願第61/413,885号(代理人整理番号ISRG 02930PROV/US)、及び2011年5月31日に“DECOUPLING INSTRUMENT SHAFT ROLL AND END EFFECTOR ACTUATION IN A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT”の名称で出願された米国仮特許出願第61/491,789号(代理人整理番号ISRG 03310/US)の利益を主張し、参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される。
今図面を参照すると、図1は、典型的には手術台14に横たわっている患者12に低侵襲診断又は外科手術を行うために使用される、低侵襲ロボット手術(MIRS)システム10の平面図である。図面において、同様の参照番号は同様の部分を表す。システムは、手術中に外科医18による使用のための外科医用コンソール16を含む。1人又は複数の助手20も手術に参加し得る。MIRSシステム10は、患者側カート22(手術ロボット)及び電子装置カート24をさらに含み得る。患者側カート22は、外科医18がコンソール16を通して手術部位を視認している間、患者12の身体の低侵襲性切開部を通る少なくとも1つの取り外し可能に連結されたツール組立体26(以降、単に「ツール」と呼ばれる)を操作することができる。手術部位の画像は、内視鏡28を正しい方向に向けるために患者側カート22によって操作され得る、立体内視鏡等の内視鏡28によって取得することができる。電子装置カート24は、外科医用コンソール16を通じて続いて外科医18に表示するための手術部位の画像を処理するために、使用され得る。一度に使用される手術ツール26の数は、概して、診断又は外科手術及び他要因の中でも手術室内の空間的制約に依存する。手術中に使用されている1つ又は複数のツール26を交換することが必要な場合、助手20は、患者側カート22からツール26を取外し、それを手術室のトレイ30からの別のツール26に交換し得る。
(組織把持エンドエフェクタ)
図6Aは、近位シャシ72、器具シャフト74、及び患者の組織を把持するように関節動作され得るあご部78を有する遠位エンドエフェクタ76を含む手術器具70を示す。近位シャシは、患者側カート22の出力カプラとインターフェースで接続するとともに患者側カート22の出力カプラによって駆動されるように構成された入力カプラを含む。入力カプラは、バネ組立体80の入力リンクに駆動可能に連結される。バネ組立体80は、近位シャシ72のフレーム82に取り付けられるとともに、器具シャフト74内に配置される駆動シャフトに駆動可能に連結される出力リンクを含む。駆動シャフトは、あご部78に駆動可能に連結される。図6Bは、エンドエフェクタ76のあご部78の拡大図を提供する。
駆動シャフト84は、任意の適切なエンドエフェクタ機構を作動させるために使用され得る。例えば、駆動シャフト84は、組織吻合機構、組織切断機構、及び回転入力によって作動され得る一般的な任意の適切なエンドエフェクタ機構等、機構を作動させるために使用され得る。
図9は、手術器具における器具シャフトのロールとエンドエフェクタの作動の切り離しを論じるための適切な出発点を提供する。図9は、アイテム(例えば、患者の組織、縫合針等)を把持するように操作可能な関節動作されるあご部112を含むエンドエフェクタ110を示す。エンドエフェクタ110は、関節動作されるあご部112等、エンドエフェクタ110の機構を作動させるための作動機構を含む。作動機構は、駆動シャフト114と駆動可能に連結される。エンドエフェクタ110は、器具シャフト116の遠位端部に支持される。器具シャフト116は、器具シャフト116を支持する近位シャシベースに対してある回転の範囲で回転可能である。同様に、駆動シャフト114は、近位シャシベースに対してある回転の範囲で回転可能である。
図11Aは、多くの実施形態による、ロボット手術器具における器具シャフトのロールとエンドエフェクタの作動を切り離すために使用されるケーブル実装差動装置130を示す。差動装置130は、近位シャシベースに対する器具シャフトの回転に回転可能に連結されるロールプーリ132、作動源に回転可能に連結されるエンドエフェクタ作動プーリ134、及びエンドエフェクタあご部作動機構に回転可能に連結される送りねじ駆動プーリ136を含む。ロールプーリ132及び送りねじ駆動プーリ136の両方に掛かる第1のケーブル138は、ロールプール132の回転に応じて送りねじ駆動プーリ136の回転を提供する。エンドエフェクタ作動プーリ134に掛かる第2のケーブル140は、第1のプーリブロック142及び第2のプーリブロック144に連結される。第1のプーリブロック142は、第1の可動プーリ146を含む。第2のプーリブロック144は、第2の可動プーリ148を含む。第1及び第2の可動プーリ146、148は第1のケーブル138が掛かる。
(ギヤ実装差動装置)
図13は、多くの実施形態による、ギヤ実装差動装置192を含むロボット手術器具の近位シャシ190の斜視図である。ギヤ実装差動装置192は、サンギヤ、キャリアに連結された遊星ギヤ、及びリングギヤを含む遊星ギヤ組立体を含む。キャリアは、入力シャフトを通して近位シャシの入力カプラと回転可能に連結される。入力シャフトは、入力カプラに一直線に並べられるとともに器具シャフトと直交する。サンギヤは、ヘリカルギヤ194、196を通して器具シャフト116の回転と回転可能に連結される。キャリア及びサンギヤの回転は、リングギヤの回転をもたらす。リングギヤは、ヘリカルギヤ198、200、出力シャフト202、及び器具シャフト116の内部に通された駆動シャフトを通して、エンドエフェクタ作動機構に回転可能に連結される。図14は、近位シャシ190及びギヤ実装差動装置192の平面図を示す。そして、図15は、近位シャシ190及びギヤ実装差動装置192の側面図を示す。
(例示的な遊星ギヤボックスのパラメータ)
以下の式は、サンギヤ226、キャリア222、及びリングギヤ部材230の回転の間の関係を提供する。
ここで、n=Ns/Np (遊星ギヤボックスに関する形状係数)
Ns=サンギヤの歯数
NP=遊星ギヤのギヤの歯数
ωa=リングギヤ部材(「環」としても知られる)の角速度
ωS=サンギヤの角速度
ωC=キャリアの角速度、である。
Na=Ns+2NP=48 リングギヤの歯数
DP=64 ギヤの歯数/ピッチ円直径(歯/インチ)
PDs=Ns/DP=0.375 インチ−サンギヤのピッチ円直径
PDP=NP/DP=0.1875 インチ−遊星ギヤのピッチ円直径
PDa=Na/DP=0.75 インチ−リングギヤ部材のリングギヤのピッチ円直径
上述の例示的な遊星ギヤボックスのパラメータに関して、n=2であり、
リングギヤ部材の角速度(ωa)とサンギヤの角速度(ωS)との間の以下の関係を作り出す。
サンギヤ226とリングギヤ部材230との間の回転方向の差を相殺するために及びエンドエフェクタ作動機構に回転連結された駆動シャフトの回転の器具シャフト116のものと等しい回転量を実現するために、既知のアプローチを使用する追加的な伝動装置が、器具シャフト116とサンギヤ226との間に、及び/又はリングギヤ部材230とエンドエフェクタ作動機構に回転連結された駆動シャフトとの間に使用され得る。
本願に開示された手術用組立体は、任意の適切な応用に用いられ得る。例えば、本願に開示された手術用組立体は、他の手術器具で、手動式又は動力式で、携帯式又はロボット式で、直接制御式又は遠隔操作式で、観血式又は低侵襲(単一又は複数ポート)手術のために、用いられ得る。このような器具の例は、(例えば、グリップ制御機能、構成要素配向制御機能、構成要素位置決め機能等のための)トルク作動入力を受ける遠位構成要素を持つものを含む。図解の非限定的な例は、吻合、切断、組織溶融、撮像装置の向き及び位置の制御、高い力での把持、生検、エンドエフェクタ及び向きの制御を含む遠隔操作式又は携帯式器具を含む。
図18は、多くの実施形態による、器具シャフトの回転を手術器具シャフトによって支持されたエンドエフェクタの機構に駆動連結された駆動シャフトの回転から切り離すための方法250の動作を示す。方法250は、例えば、上述の差動装置118、ケーブル実装差動装置130、ケーブル実装差動170、及びギヤ実装差動装置192のいずれか等、任意の適切な差動装置を使用して、実施され得る。方法250は、所望のエンドエフェクタ配置に関連する第1の入力運動を発生させるステップ(動作252)、ベースに隣接する近位端部とエンドエフェクタを支持する遠位端部との間に延びる手術器具シャフトをベースに対して回転させるステップ(動作254)、ベースに対する器具シャフトの回転に応じて第2の入力運動を発生させるステップ(動作256)、出力運動を発生させるために第1及び第2の入力運動を結合させるステップ(258)、及び出力運動に応じて駆動シャフトを回転させる(動作260)を含む。多くの実施形態において、第1及び第2の入力運動は、第1の入力運動がゼロである場合、手術器具に対する駆動シャフトの回転が実質的に生じないように結合される。
本願に開示された手術用組立体は、任意の適切な応用に用いられ得る。例えば、本願に開示された手術用組立体は、他の手術器具で、手動式又は動力式で、携帯式又はロボット式で、直接制御式又は遠隔操作式で、観血式又は低侵襲(単一又は複数ポート)手術のために、用いられ得る。このような器具の例は、(例えば、グリップ制御機能、構成要素配向制御機能、構成要素位置決め機能等のための)トルク作動入力を受ける遠位構成要素を持つものを含む。図解の非限定的な例は、吻合、切断、組織溶融、撮像装置の向き及び位置の制御、高い力での把持、生検、エンドエフェクタ及び向きの制御を含む遠隔操作式又は携帯式器具を含む。
図22は、回転可能なメインシャフト内に2つのオフセット駆動シャフトを有するロボット組立体370を図式的に示す。ロボット組立体370は、回転可能なメインシャフト374の遠位端部に連結されるエンドエフェクタ372、並びにメインシャフト74及びエンドエフェクタ372の両方に連結された作動組立体376を含む。
(意図されたにメインシャフトの回転を避けるためにエンドエフェクタ及びエンドエフェクタを支持するメインシャフトに駆動モータを連結すること)
図25は、多くの実施形態による、エンドエフェクタ回転機構の作動中、メインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体の意図されない回転を避けるために、エンドエフェクタ回転機構を作動するために使用される駆動モータがメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体に連結される手術用組立体500を図式的に示す。手術用組立体500は、ベース(例えば、図24に示されたマニピュレータ436)に回転可能に取り付けられるメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502、ベースに対してメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502を回転駆動するメインシャフト駆動装置504、並びに作動トルクをエンドエフェクタ回転機構に及び相殺トルク507をメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502に提供するようにメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502に回転可能に連結される反作用作動組立体506を含む。
(例示のギヤ比に対するトルクバランス計算)
図30は、上述の手術用組立体500に使用され得る例示的なギヤ比に関する以下の詳解のための参照符号の識別を提供する。反作用作動組立体506は、第1及び第2の駆動モータ516、518をメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502と連結するために同様の構成を使用するので、以下の詳解は、詳解がまた第2の駆動モータ518をメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502と連結することに関しても適用可能であるという理解とともに、第1の駆動モータ516をメインシャフト/エンドエフェクタ組立体502と連結することに関して述べられる。
ここで、 Tm=モータ1の駆動トルク
P=遊星ギヤボックスP1のギヤ比
N1A=ギヤ1Aのギヤの歯数
N1B=ギヤ1Bのギヤの歯数
N1C=ギヤ1Cのギヤの歯数
N1D=ギヤ1Dのギヤの歯数、である。
ここで、 N3A=ギヤ3Aのギヤの歯数
N3B=ギヤ3Bのギヤの歯数
N3C=ギヤ3Cのギヤの歯数
N3D=ギヤ3Dのギヤの歯数、である。
(メインシャフトの位置からエンドエフェクタ駆動シャフトの位置の切り離し)
上述のように反作用トルクを提供することに加えて、手術用組立体500は及び器具組立体600は、エンドエフェクタ駆動シャフトの位置をメインシャフトの位置から実質的に切り離すことを実装され得る。例えば、手術用組立体500の構成は、第1及び第2の入力リンク528、534が回転しないとき(すなわち、第1及び第2の駆動モータ516、518が回転しない)、メインシャフト駆動装置504によるメインシャフト508の回転がメインシャフト508に対する第1及び第2の駆動シャフト542、546の回転の著しい量を生じさせないように、選択され得る。第1及び第2の駆動シャフト542、546の引き起こされる回転は、メインシャフト508の回転の10パーセント未満であり得る。そして、幾つかの実施形態では、第1及び第2の駆動シャフト542、546の引き起こされる回転は、メインシャフトの回転の5パーセント未満であり得る。この特質は非常に有益である。例えば、幾つかの実施形態では、第1及び第2の駆動モータ516、518は、限られた動作範囲を有する。第1及び第2の駆動モータ516、518の位置をメインシャフト508の位置から実質的に切り離すことによって、メインシャフトの動作範囲は、第1及び第2の駆動モータ516、518の限られた動作範囲によって制限されない。さらに、このような切り離しがメインシャフトのわずかな回転に応じた第1及び第2の回転機構512、514の実質的な作動を防ぐので、このような切り離しは、第1及び第2の回転機構512、514に関するエンドエフェクタの操作特性に関して有益である。例えば、第1及び第2の回転機構512、514の一方が吻合器機構を作動させるために使用される場合、切り離しはメインシャフト508の回転によって引き起こされる第1及び第2の回転機構512、514の回転に起因するステープルの不注意な発射を防ぐのに役立つ。さらに、このような切り離しがない場合、メインシャフト508の位置を観測すること及び第1及び第2の駆動シャフト542、546の引き起こされた運動を修正するように第1及び第2の駆動モータ516、518の反作用回転を発生するために観測された位置を使用することが必要になり得る。
式(3)
図31は、多くの実施形態による、エンドエフェクタに伝達される作動トルクが手術中にバックドライブ可能なメインシャフトをバックドライブさせることを防ぐための方法700を示す。上述の手術用組立体500及び器具組立体600は、方法700を実施するために使用され得る。そして、1つ又は複数の以下の動作は省略され得る。
Claims (9)
- ベース;
前記ベースに回転可能に取り付けられるとともに遠位端部と近位端部との間に延びる器具シャフト;
エンドエフェクタであって、前記器具シャフトの前記遠位端部において支持されるとともに前記エンドエフェクタを作動させる作動機構を含む、エンドエフェクタ;
前記作動機構に回転可能に連結されるとともに前記作動機構に回転運動を提供するように構成される駆動シャフトであって、前記エンドエフェクタは、前記作動機構への前記駆動シャフトの前記回転運動によって作動される、駆動シャフト;及び
前記駆動シャフトに回転可能に連結されるとともに第1の入力運動及び第2の入力運動を受ける差動装置;を有し、
前記差動装置は、前記駆動シャフトを回転させる出力運動を発生させるように、前記第1の入力運動及び前記第2の入力運動を結合するように構成され、
前記第1の入力運動は、作動源に回転連結可能であるとともに、前記第2の入力運動は、前記ベースに対する前記器具シャフトの回転に連結され、
前記エンドエフェクタは、前記作動機構によって関節動作されるあご部を含む、
手術用組立体。 - 前記差動装置は、前記第1の入力運動がゼロであるとき、前記ベースに対する前記器具シャフトの回転が、前記器具シャフトに対する前記駆動シャフトの実質的にゼロの回転をもたらすように構成される、
請求項1に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記差動装置は:
前記ベースに対する前記駆動シャフトの回転を前記ベースに対する前記器具シャフトの回転と駆動連結する第1のケーブル;及び
前記作動源に駆動連結される第2のケーブル;を含み、
前記第2のケーブルは、第1及び第2のプーリを有する第1及び第2のプーリブロックにそれぞれ結合され、前記第1のケーブルは前記第1及び前記第2のプーリに掛けられる、
請求項1に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記差動装置は:
前記ベースに対する前記駆動シャフトの回転を前記作動源と駆動連結する第1のケーブル;及び
前記ベースに対する前記器具シャフトの回転に駆動連結される第2のケーブル;を含み、
前記第2のケーブルは、第1及び第2のプーリを有する第1及び第2のプーリブロックにそれぞれ結合され、
前記第1のケーブルは前記第1及び前記第2のプーリに掛けられる、
請求項1に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記差動装置は、サンギヤ、キャリアに連結された遊星ギヤ、及びリングギヤを含む遊星ギヤボックスを有する、
請求項1に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記第1の入力運動は前記キャリアを回転させ、前記第2の入力運動は前記サンギヤを回転させ、前記リングギヤの回転は前記駆動シャフトに伝達される、
請求項5に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記第1の入力運動は前記キャリアに入力シャフトを通して伝達され、
前記サンギヤは前記入力シャフトの周りを回転する、
請求項6に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記入力シャフトは、前記器具シャフトを横切るように配向される、
請求項7に記載の手術用組立体。 - 前記作動源と前記キャリアとの間の分離に際し前記器具シャフトに対する所定の回転位置に前記駆動シャフトを戻すように、前記ベースと前記キャリアとの間に連結されたトーションバネをさらに有する、
請求項6に記載の手術用組立体。
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JP2018020145A (ja) * | 2010-11-15 | 2018-02-08 | インテュイティブ サージカル オペレーションズ, インコーポレイテッド | 手術器具における器具シャフトのロールとエンドエフェクタの作動の切り離し |
JP2019141674A (ja) * | 2010-11-15 | 2019-08-29 | インテュイティブ サージカル オペレーションズ, インコーポレイテッド | 手術器具における器具シャフトのロールとエンドエフェクタの作動の切り離し |
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