WO2020143172A1 - 电池包及电动车 - Google Patents

电池包及电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143172A1
WO2020143172A1 PCT/CN2019/092351 CN2019092351W WO2020143172A1 WO 2020143172 A1 WO2020143172 A1 WO 2020143172A1 CN 2019092351 W CN2019092351 W CN 2019092351W WO 2020143172 A1 WO2020143172 A1 WO 2020143172A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
unit
length
width
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092351
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何龙
孙华军
江文锋
鲁志佩
郑卫鑫
唐江龙
朱燕
王信月
何科峰
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to JP2021540055A priority Critical patent/JP7319376B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217024182A priority patent/KR20210109018A/ko
Priority to EP19909472.3A priority patent/EP3907776A4/en
Priority to US17/421,883 priority patent/US20220123404A1/en
Publication of WO2020143172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143172A1/zh
Priority to JP2023117989A priority patent/JP2023156319A/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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    • H01M50/131—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas-permeability or size
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    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
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    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery pack and an electric vehicle having the battery pack.
  • a battery pack applied to an electric vehicle mainly includes a package body and a plurality of battery modules installed in the package body, wherein each battery module is assembled from a plurality of single batteries.
  • the package body 200 ′′ of the battery pack 10 ′ is divided into a mounting area of a plurality of battery modules 400 ′ by the transverse beam 500 ′ and the longitudinal beam 600 ′; such as CN107925028A
  • the battery module 400' of the disclosed battery pack is fixed to the transverse beam 500' or the longitudinal beam 600' by screws or the like.
  • the battery module 400' includes a plurality of single cells arranged in sequence, and a plurality of single cells Arranged to form a battery array, end beams and/or side beams are provided outside the battery array; generally, the end beams and side beams are simultaneously included, and the end beams and side beams are fixed to form a space for accommodating the battery array.
  • the end beams and side beams Connected by screws, or connected by other connecting members such as pull rods to fix the battery array.
  • the battery module 400′ was fixed to the widthwise beam 500′ or the lengthwise beam 600′ by screws and other structures, wasting space, and because of the addition of screws and other connecting members, the weight was increased and the weight was reduced.
  • the battery module 400' is designed through the cooperation of the end beam and the side beam, and the end beam and the side beam have a certain thickness and height, which wastes the internal space of the package body 200" and reduces the package body 200" Volume utilization.
  • the ratio of the sum of the volume of the single cells in the package 200" to the volume of the package 200" is about 50%, or even as low as 40%.
  • the end beams and side beams of the battery module 400′, the connection and installation methods inside the battery pack 10′, etc. all reduce the utilization rate of the internal space of the pack 200′′ ;
  • the ratio of the sum of the volume of the single cells and the volume of the package 200′′ is too low, and the energy density cannot meet the user’s demand for the endurance of electric vehicles, which has gradually become an important constraint on the development of electric vehicles. factor.
  • there is a complicated assembly process and the assembly process is complicated. It is necessary to assemble the battery module first, and then install the battery module in the package body, which increases the cost of manpower and material resources.
  • the battery pack During the assembly process, the probability of a defective rate is increased. Multiple assembly increases the possibility of the battery pack loosening and not being firmly installed, which will adversely affect the quality of the battery pack, and the stability of the battery pack is reduced, and the reliability is reduced. .
  • an object of the present application is to propose a battery pack that has the advantages of high space utilization, high energy density, strong endurance, high reliability, low cost, and high quality.
  • the present application also proposes an electric vehicle with the battery pack.
  • An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, the battery pack includes: a package body; a plurality of unit batteries, the plurality of unit batteries are provided in the package body; wherein, the plurality of The volume sum V1 of the single cells and the volume V2 of the battery pack satisfy: V1/V2 ⁇ 55%; the battery pack has a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other, and the length direction of the single battery is along The battery pack is arranged in the first direction, and the plurality of unit batteries are arranged in the second direction of the battery pack; the package body accommodates only one unit battery in the first direction; the unit battery Including the battery body, the length of the battery body is 600-2500mm.
  • the space utilization rate of the battery pack can be improved, and the layout inside the battery pack can be improved.
  • a large number of single cells, that is, more energy supply structures are arranged in a unit space, thereby increasing energy density, thereby improving endurance without expanding the occupied space.
  • the cost is reduced, and the quality and reliability of the battery pack are improved.
  • An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application proposes an electric vehicle including the battery pack according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application by using the battery pack according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, it is possible to improve the endurance without expanding the battery occupation space.
  • An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application proposes an energy storage device including the battery pack according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a battery pack in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a unit battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement manner of battery modules of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement manner of battery modules of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack formed in an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the G area in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to the first alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to a second alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to a third alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to a fourth alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to a fifth alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery pack 10′ pack body 200′′, battery module 400′, longitudinal beam 600′, width beam 500′;
  • the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10 The longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10, the width direction B of the battery pack 10, the height direction C of the battery power pack 10,
  • the battery pack has the advantages of high space utilization, large energy density, and strong endurance.
  • the battery pack 10 according to an embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the battery pack 10 includes a package body 200 and a plurality of unit batteries 100.
  • the plurality of unit batteries 100 are disposed in the package body 200, and the package body 200 can be understood as an outer case for accommodating the plurality of unit batteries 100, for example, may include a tray 210 and an upper cover 220, and the tray 210 and the upper cover 220 jointly define The accommodating spaces of the plurality of unit batteries 100 are provided on the tray 210 and sealed by the upper cover 220.
  • the volume sum V1 of the plurality of single cells 100 and the volume V2 of the battery pack 10 satisfy: V1/V2 ⁇ 55%.
  • V1 is the product of the volume of each unit cell 100 and the number of unit cells 100, that is, V1 is the total volume of a plurality of unit cells 100; V2 is the outside of the battery pack 10 The overall volume of the three-dimensional shape defined by the outline.
  • the battery pack 10 of the embodiment of the present application by defining the ratio of the volume V1 of the unit cell 100 and the volume V2 of the battery pack 10, that is, V1/V2 ⁇ 55%, the space utilization of the battery pack 10 can be improved, By arranging more single cells 100 in the battery pack 10, that is, arranging more energy supply structures in the unit space, the energy density can be increased, thereby improving the endurance without expanding the occupied space.
  • the pack body accommodates only one single battery along the first direction;
  • the body battery includes a battery body, the length of the battery body is 600-2500 mm, and is arranged in the first direction in the battery pack and arranged in the second direction; the long cells are arranged and placed in the battery pack to form a volume utilization ratio
  • a battery pack with more than 55% improves space utilization, improves energy density and the endurance of electric vehicles using the battery pack.
  • the ratio of the volume sum V1 of the single cell 100 to the volume V2 of the battery pack 10 satisfies V1/V2 ⁇ 60%.
  • the ratio of the volume sum V1 of the single cell 100 to the volume V2 of the battery pack 10 satisfies V1/V2 ⁇ 62%.
  • the ratio of the volume sum V1 of the single cell 100 to the volume V2 of the battery pack 10 satisfies V1/V2 ⁇ 65%.
  • V2 is the overall volume of the three-dimensional shape defined by the outer contour of the battery pack 10, that is, the volume including the internal space of the battery pack 10, that is, the volume of the three-dimensional area enclosed by the outer contour of the battery pack 10 in space .
  • V1/V2 can be understood as space utilization.
  • peripheral components may occupy the internal space of the package body 200, including an impact-proof space at the bottom of the tray, a liquid cooling system, thermal insulation materials, insulation protection, and thermal safety accessories , Fire exhaust channels, high-voltage distribution modules, etc., so the peak value of V1/V2 is usually 80%, that is, V1/V2 ⁇ 80%.
  • the battery pack 10 according to a specific embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the drawings, wherein the length direction of the battery pack 10 is indicated by arrow A, the width direction of the battery pack 10 is indicated by arrow B, and the height direction of the battery pack 10 is indicated by arrow C .
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 is along the length A direction of the battery pack 10 Arrangement, thereby facilitating the V1/V2 of the battery pack 10 to reach 55%, 60%, 62%, 65% or higher; at the same time, in order to reserve enough space to install other electronic components (such as the battery management system BMS), Generally, the space utilization rate of the battery pack 10 is set below 85%.
  • the distance between the unit cell 100 and the side wall of the package body 200 is less than the length of the unit cell 100 Specifically, in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, the shortest distance between one end of the unit cell 100 and the side beam of the package body 200 adjacent thereto (the one end of the unit cell 100) is L1, The closest distance between the other end of the body battery 100 and the side beam of the package body 200 adjacent thereto (the other end of the unit battery 100) is L2, and the length L of the unit battery 100 satisfies: L1+L2 ⁇ L. In this way, in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, another additional unit battery 100 cannot be accommodated.
  • the package body 200 accommodates only one unit cell 100 in the width direction B of the battery pack 10. That is, in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, the unit cells 100 cannot be arranged in this direction in two or more numbers.
  • the battery pack 10 includes at least two layers of the unit battery 100 in the height direction C of the battery pack 10, at least one layer of the unit battery 100 can only accommodate one in the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • the above-mentioned accommodating only one unit battery 100 means that only one unit battery 100 can be arranged side by side in the width direction B of the battery pack 10; while in the height direction C of the battery pack 10, although two layers can be provided, It is not that more than one unit cell 100 is arranged in the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • both sides of the package body 200 are side beams; in the length direction A of the battery pack 10, both ends of the package body 200 are end beams.
  • the length of the unit battery 100 extends in the entire width direction B of the battery pack 10, that is, along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, the unit battery 100
  • the package body 200 extends from one side to the other side.
  • the length of the unit cell 100 is filled in the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 cannot place two or more unit cells in the width direction B of the battery pack 10 100, both ends of the unit battery 100 in the longitudinal direction may be fitted to two opposite side walls of the package body 200 in the width direction B, for example, fixed to the package body 200.
  • the width of the beam and the length of the beam are not required inside the package body 200, and the role of the intermediate beam is directly assumed by the connected battery cells 100, which greatly simplifies the structure of the package body 200 and reduces the space occupied by the intermediate beam and The space occupied by the installation structure of the single battery 100 improves the space utilization rate to improve the endurance.
  • a width-direction beam 500 may be provided in the package body 200, and a width-direction beam 500 extends along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and the width direction beam 500 divides the battery array along the length direction A of the battery pack 10 into at least In two parts, each part of the battery array includes at least one single battery 100, wherein each part of the battery array constitutes a battery module 400.
  • a longitudinal beam 600 may also be provided in the package body 200.
  • the longitudinal beam 600 extends along the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10, and the length of the single cell 100 The direction is arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and at least two rows are arranged in the package body 200 along the width direction B of the battery pack 10
  • each row of battery arrays includes a plurality of single cells 100 arranged along the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10, and the longitudinal beam 600 is located between adjacent two rows of battery arrays.
  • the package body 200 includes side beams on both sides in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and both ends in the length direction of the unit cell 100 are supported on the side beams; the package body 200 includes The end beams at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the longitudinal direction A, the end beams provide inward pressing force for the unit cells 100 adjacent thereto.
  • the package body 200 has a first side beam 201, a second side beam 202, a first end beam 203, and a second end beam 204.
  • the first side beam 201, the second side beam 202, the first One end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 are connected end to end in sequence, the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 are opposed in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 are in the battery pack 10 is opposed in the longitudinal direction A.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide support for the two ends of the unit cell 100 in the longitudinal direction, that is, one end of the unit cell 100 is supported by the first side beam 201 and the other end is supported by the second side beam 202 .
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide the pressing force for both sides in the thickness direction of the unit battery 100, that is, the first end beam 203 applies the unit battery 100 disposed adjacent to the first end beam 203 toward the second
  • the force of the end beam 204, the second end beam 204 applies a force toward the first end beam 203 to the unit cells 100 disposed adjacent to the second end beam 204, so that the plurality of unit cells 100 can be closely along the battery pack
  • the longitudinal direction A of 10 is arranged between the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204, and the plurality of unit cells 100 can be attached to each other.
  • first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 can limit the plurality of single cells 100 in the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10, especially when the single cells 100 expand a little, the single cells
  • the battery 100 functions to buffer and provide inward pressure to prevent the amount of expansion and deformation of the unit battery 100 from being excessive.
  • the length direction of the unit cells 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and a plurality of unit cells 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array In the package body 200, there are at least two battery arrays along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the number of single cells 100 is optimized to improve space utilization to increase energy density, and BIC and low-voltage sampling are easier to achieve centralized synthesis.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 is along the width B direction of the battery pack 10 Arrangement, thereby facilitating setting the space utilization rate of the battery pack 10 to 55%, 60%, 62%, 65% or higher.
  • the distance between the end wall of the unit cell 100 and the package body 200 is less than the length of the unit cell 100 .
  • the shortest distance between one end of the unit cell 100 and the end beam of the package body 200 adjacent thereto is L3
  • the unit The shortest distance between the other end of the battery 100 and the end beam of the package 200 adjacent to it (the other end of the unit battery 100) is L4
  • the length L of the unit battery 100 satisfies: L3+L4 ⁇ L.
  • the package body 200 accommodates only one single cell 100 in the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10. That is, in the length direction A of the battery pack 10, the unit cells 100 cannot be arranged in this direction in two or more numbers.
  • both sides of the package body 200 are side beams; in the length direction A of the battery pack 10, both ends of the package body 200 are end beams.
  • the length of the unit battery 100 extends in the entire length direction A of the battery pack 10, that is, along the length direction A of the battery pack 10, the unit battery 100 From the end of the package body 200 to the other end, the length of the unit cell 100 is filled in the length direction A of the battery package 10, and the body package 200 cannot place two or more unit cells 100 in the length direction A of the battery package 10.
  • the two ends of the unit battery 100 in the longitudinal direction may be fitted to the opposite end walls of the package body 200 in the longitudinal direction A, for example, fixed to the package body 200.
  • the width of the beam and the length of the beam are not required inside the package body 200, and the role of the intermediate beam is directly assumed by the connected battery cells 100, which greatly simplifies the structure of the package body 200 and reduces the space occupied by the intermediate beam and The space occupied by the installation structure of the single battery 100 improves the space utilization rate to improve the endurance.
  • a longitudinal beam 600 may be provided in the package body 200.
  • the longitudinal beam 600 extends along the battery pack 10 Extending in the longitudinal direction A, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and the longitudinal beam 600 divides the battery array into at least two parts along the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • Each part of the battery array includes at least one single battery 100, wherein each part of the battery array constitutes a battery module 400.
  • a width-direction beam 500 may also be provided in the package body 200.
  • the width-direction beam 500 extends along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and the length direction of the unit cell 100 is along the length of the battery pack 10 Arranged in the length direction A, a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array, and at least two rows of battery arrays are arranged in the package body 200 along the length direction A of the battery pack 10, each row of battery arrays includes A plurality of unit cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and the transverse beam 500 is located between two adjacent rows of battery arrays.
  • the package body 200 includes end beams located at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the longitudinal direction A, and both ends of the unit cell 100 in the length direction are supported on the end beams; the package body 200 includes located at the battery pack 10 Side beams on both sides in the width direction B. The side beams provide inward pressing force for the unit cells 100 adjacent thereto.
  • the package body 200 has a first side beam 201, a second side beam 202, a first end beam 203, and a second end beam 204.
  • the second end beam 204 is connected end to end in sequence, the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 are opposed in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 are at the length of the battery pack 10. Opposite in direction A.
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide support for the two ends of the unit cell 100 in the longitudinal direction, that is, one end of the unit cell 100 is supported by the first end beam 203 and the other end is supported by the second end beam 204 .
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide the pressing force for both sides in the thickness direction of the unit cell 100, that is, the first side beam 201 applies the unit cell 100 adjacent to the first side beam 201 toward the second
  • the force of the side beam 202, the second side beam 202 applies a force toward the first side beam 201 to the unit cells 100 disposed adjacent to the second side beam 202, so that the plurality of unit cells 100 can be closely along the battery pack
  • the width direction B of 10 is arranged between the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202, and the plurality of unit cells 100 can be attached to each other.
  • first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 can limit the plurality of unit batteries 100 in the width direction B of the battery pack 10, especially when the unit battery 100 expands a little,
  • the battery 100 functions to buffer and provide inward pressure to prevent the amount of expansion and deformation of the unit battery 100 from being excessive.
  • the length direction of the unit cells 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10, and a plurality of unit cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array In the package body 200, there is at least one layer of battery array along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the number of single cells 100 is optimized to improve space utilization to increase energy density, and BIC and low-voltage sampling are easier to achieve centralized synthesis.
  • multiple unit batteries 100 may be assembled into multiple battery modules 400, and the multiple battery modules 400 may be arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10 (as shown in FIG. 6), The plurality of battery modules 400 may also be arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10 (as shown in FIG. 15), and the plurality of battery modules 400 may also be arranged along the height direction C of the battery pack 10 to form a multilayer structure (as shown in FIG. (7)) In other words, regardless of whether the unit cells 100 extend in the width direction B or the length direction A of the battery pack 10, a plurality of unit cells 100 can be arranged in multiple layers along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the plurality of battery modules 400 may also be arranged in the longitudinal direction A and the height direction C of the battery pack 10 at the same time, or in the width direction A and the height direction C of the battery pack 10 at the same time.
  • the number of battery modules 400 is optimized to improve space utilization to increase energy density, and BIC and low-voltage sampling are easier to achieve centralized synthesis.
  • the battery module 400 in the embodiment of the present application does not provide structures such as end beams and side beams.
  • the package 200 It is necessary to provide a longitudinal beam 600' and/or a width beam 500' (as shown in FIG. 1), so as to facilitate the assembly of the single battery.
  • the unit battery When the unit battery is installed in the package body 200" through the battery module 400', there will be a plurality of unit batteries along the width direction of the battery pack 10', that is to say, the unit batteries are not arranged in two opposite Extending between the side walls, but between two oppositely disposed longitudinal beams 600' or width beams 500', the battery module is connected to the adjacent longitudinal beams 600' and/or width by fasteners
  • the directional beam 500' is fixed.
  • the longitudinal beam 600' and/or the width beam 500' occupies a large amount of the package body 200".
  • the installation space for accommodating the single battery results in a low space utilization rate of the package 200′′.
  • the ratio of the volume of the single battery to the volume of the package 200′′ is about 40% or even lower, that is to say In the related art, only about 40% of the space in the package 200" can be used to install single cells, resulting in a limited number of single cells that can be accommodated in the package 200".
  • the capacity and voltage of the entire battery pack 10' Limited, the battery pack 10' has poor battery life.
  • the use of the longitudinal beams and/or width beams in the package body 200 can be reduced, and even the longitudinal beams and/or width beams may not be provided in the package body 200, thereby reducing The space occupied by the longitudinal beam and/or the width beam in the package body 200 is improved, and the space utilization rate of the package body 200 is improved; on the other hand, the use of the end beam and the side beam in the battery module 400 can be reduced, and the end beam can be reduced And the space occupied by the side beams in the package body 200 improves the space utilization rate of the package body 200. As much as possible, more single cells 100 can be arranged in the package body 200, thereby improving the capacity, voltage and endurance of the entire battery package.
  • the manufacturing process of the package body 200 is simplified, the assembly complexity of the unit battery 100 is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
  • the weight of the package body 200 and the entire battery pack 10 is reduced, and the weight reduction of the battery pack 10 is realized.
  • the endurance of the electric vehicle can also be improved, and the weight of the electric vehicle can be reduced.
  • the unit battery 100 itself can be used to strengthen the structural strength of the package body 200, that is to say, there is no need to provide a reinforcement structure for strengthening the structural strength of the package body 200, and the reinforcement can be directly replaced by the unit battery 100 itself
  • the structure ensures the structural strength of the package body 200, and ensures that the package body 200 is not easily deformed by the external force.
  • the package body 200 can not only play a role of accommodating and protecting the unit battery 100, but also support the unit battery 100, and improve the overall load-bearing capacity of the battery pack 10. The length enhances the strength of the battery pack 10.
  • the surface area of a single battery cell 100 is improved, which can increase the heat dissipation area of the single battery cell 100 and increase the heat dissipation rate of the single battery cell 100, thereby improving the safety of the entire battery pack 10 and making the battery pack 10 safer reliable.
  • the single cell 100 includes a battery body 110 (which can be understood as a body part other than a small-sized protruding structure such as a tab), and the volume V of the battery body 110 and the energy E of the battery body 110 satisfy :V/E ⁇ 2000mm 3 ⁇ Wh -1 .
  • the volume ratio of the unit battery 100 can be reduced, which facilitates the compact arrangement of the plurality of unit batteries 100 in the battery pack 10.
  • the above-mentioned package 200 is different from the battery pack case disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN107925028A, especially in terms of size and load-bearing, the package 200 may include a body
  • the connected vehicle tray 210 forms a structure for accommodating and carrying the unit battery 100 in cooperation with the body/body of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle tray 210 is a separately produced tray for accommodating and mounting the unit battery 100.
  • the vehicle tray 210 can be installed on the vehicle body by fasteners, for example, suspended on the chassis of the electric vehicle, and plays a role of accommodation and load bearing.
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 can be arranged along the length direction of the vehicle body, that is, the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
  • the battery of the unit battery 100 The length L of the body 110 may be 400 mm-2500 mm. In some embodiments, L may be 400-1500, so that the length of the unit battery 100 can be adapted to the wide length of the vehicle.
  • the length direction of the unit battery 100 can be arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, that is, the left-right direction of the vehicle.
  • the battery body 110 of the unit battery 100 The length L of may be 400 mm-1500 mm, so that the length of the unit battery 100 can be adapted to the width of the vehicle.
  • the length L of the battery body is 700 mm-2500 mm; further, the length L of the battery body may be 800 mm-1500 mm.
  • the package body 200 may also be directly formed on the electric vehicle, that is to say, the package body 200 is formed at any suitable position on the electric vehicle for installing a single battery 100 devices.
  • the package 200 may be formed on the chassis of an electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack 10 when the battery pack 10 is arranged on an electric vehicle, unlike the battery pack disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN107925028A, the battery pack 10 further includes a battery management system (BMS), a battery connector, and a battery sampling At least one of the battery and the battery thermal management system and other components required by the vehicle battery, the width direction B of the battery pack 10 is arranged along the width of the vehicle body, that is, the left-right direction of the vehicle, and the length direction of the battery pack 10 is arranged along the length of the vehicle body , Which is the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the width direction B of the battery pack 10 is arranged along the width of the vehicle body, that is, the left-right direction of the vehicle
  • the length direction of the battery pack 10 is arranged along the length of the vehicle body , Which is the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
  • the present application is not limited to this, and the width direction B of the battery pack 10 may be arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and the length direction A of the battery pack 10 may be arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the first direction and the second direction are two mutually perpendicular directions with reference to the battery pack; wherein, the first direction may be the width direction of the battery pack, and the second direction may be the direction of the battery pack Longitudinal direction.
  • the orientation of the unit battery 100 in the battery pack 10 and the orientation of the battery pack 10 on the electric vehicle can be combined in different forms, for example, the length direction of the unit battery 100 It can be arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, or along the length direction A of the battery pack 10; the width direction B of the battery pack 10 can be arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body, or along the length direction of the vehicle body; Whether the width direction B of the bag 10 is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body or along the length direction of the vehicle body, the length direction of the unit cells 100 is arranged along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the relative arrangement directions of the single battery 100, the battery pack 10 and the vehicle body can be set according to actual applications to meet different requirements.
  • the unit battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the units of length L, width H and thickness D are all in millimeters (mm)
  • the unit of surface area S is square millimeters (mm 2 )
  • the unit of volume V is cubic millimeters (mm 3 )
  • the unit of energy E is watt-hours (Wh).
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110.
  • the battery body 110 is a main body portion other than a small-sized protruding structure such as a tab.
  • the battery body 110 has a length L, a width H, and a thickness D.
  • the voltage platform requirements for single cells are predetermined, which makes the volume of single cells a fixed value, that is, when a certain voltage platform is reached, based on the use of the same chemical system materials, The amount of material contained in its single battery is constant, and therefore, the volume is constant.
  • the battery body 110 can be reasonably elongated under a certain volume, which is beneficial to the whole in the battery pack Arrangement (such as the arrangement of the battery pack 10 according to the above embodiments of the present application), thereby improving the space utilization of the battery pack, expanding the energy density of the battery pack, and thereby enhancing the battery pack's endurance; on the other hand, it can guarantee
  • the body battery 100 has a sufficiently large heat dissipation area, which can conduct the internal heat to the outside in time to prevent the heat from accumulating inside, thereby matching the higher energy density and supporting the improvement of endurance.
  • the battery body 110 is configured as a rectangular parallelepiped with a smooth outer surface to have a certain structural strength.
  • the battery pole core is placed in a square battery case and covered with a lid The plate seals the opening part of the battery case and injects the electrolyte.
  • the single battery 100 according to the embodiment of the present application has good thermal conductivity. With the conventional battery thermal management structure, the heat dissipation problem caused by the large-size structure can be effectively avoided. Compared with cylindrical batteries, the space utilization rate is higher, and the production and assembly process is simpler.
  • the length direction and thickness direction of the battery body 110 may extend in the horizontal direction, and the width direction of the battery body 110 may extend in the vertical direction. That is, the unit battery 100 is placed upright, and the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are based on the direction when the battery pack 10 is used (for example, when it is applied to an electric vehicle).
  • the arrangement of the battery body 110 in the limited space of the package body 200 is Compact and energy-intensive, the other parameters of the single cell 100 are designed.
  • the ratio of each of the design length L, width H, and thickness D to the volume V can optimize the spatial distribution of a unit amount of energy, thereby facilitating the arrangement within the package 200.
  • the surface area S of the battery body 110 and the energy E of the battery body 110 satisfy: S/E ⁇ 1000 mm 2 ⁇ Wh -1 .
  • This can ensure sufficient heat dissipation on the surface of the single battery 100, especially when the power battery uses a ternary or high nickel ternary positive electrode material, the internal heat of the battery can be conducted in time, which is beneficial to battery safety.
  • the unit battery 100 in the implementation of the present application is a square battery with a smooth outer surface, has a certain structural strength, and has a good metal thermal conductivity. Compared with a battery with a corrugated surface area, the process and post-assembly are less difficult.
  • the unit battery 100 further includes a first tab 101 and a second tab 102.
  • the first tab 101 is provided at one end of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction
  • the second tab 102 is provided at the other end of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the longitudinal direction of the unit battery 100 may be the current direction inside the unit battery 100, that is, the current direction inside the unit battery 100 is as shown by the arrow B. In this way, since the current direction is the same as the length direction of the unit battery 100, the effective heat dissipation area of the unit battery 100 is larger and the heat dissipation efficiency is better.
  • the first pole ear 101 may be the positive ear of the unit battery 100, and the second pole ear 102 is the negative ear of the unit battery 100; or, the first pole ear 101 may be the negative ear of the unit battery 100, the second pole The ear 102 is a positive ear of the unit battery 100.
  • the unit battery 100 further includes an explosion-proof valve 103.
  • the explosion-proof valve 103 is provided on at least one end of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the single battery 100 fails and expands, it can have enough air pressure to break through the turning piece in the explosion-proof valve 103, thereby short circuiting the single battery 100, ensuring the safety of the single battery 100, and preventing the single battery 100 from exploding .
  • the arrangement of the explosion-proof valve 103 can be applied not only to the aluminum battery but also to the soft-pack battery.
  • the explosion-proof valve 103 can also be provided at the battery body 100 except for the end position.
  • explosion-proof valves 103 are respectively provided at both ends of the battery body 110 in the longitudinal direction, and the explosion-proof valves 103 at both ends of the battery body 110 are exhausted through different exhaust channels 222.
  • the explosion-proof valve 103 is provided at the first end of the unit battery 100 toward the first side beam 201, and an exhaust passage 222 is provided inside the first side beam 201.
  • Each side beam 201 is provided with an air inlet 221 at a position corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of each unit cell 100.
  • the air inlet 221 communicates with the exhaust passage 222, and the package body 200 is provided with a communication with the exhaust passage 222
  • the single cell 100 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 103 toward the second end of the second side beam 202, and an exhaust passage 222 is provided inside the second side beam 202.
  • the positions corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of the unit battery 100 are all provided with an air inlet 221, the air inlet 221 communicates with the exhaust passage 222, and the package body 200 is provided with an exhaust hole that communicates with the exhaust passage 222.
  • the explosion-proof valve opens, and the flame, smoke or gas inside the single battery will be discharged through the explosion-proof valve. Or the gas will accumulate inside the battery pack, and if it cannot be discharged in time, it will cause secondary damage to the single battery.
  • the first side beam 201 and/or the second side beam 202 is provided with an air inlet 221 corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 103 of the single battery 100, and the first side beam 201 and/or An exhaust channel 222 is provided inside the second side beam 202.
  • each of the plurality of unit batteries 100 is exhausted through the exhaust passage 222 in the first side beam 201, and the other end of each of the plurality of unit batteries 100 passes through the first The exhaust channel 222 in the side sill 202 exhausts air.
  • the two ends of the unit cell 100 exhaust through different channels, increasing the exhaust distance and forming a cross exhaust, which can reduce the temperature.
  • the electric vehicle may include a commercial vehicle, a special vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric scooter, etc., which needs to use a battery pack to provide electric energy to drive the vehicle.
  • Electric car Electric car.
  • an electric vehicle 1 includes the battery pack 10 according to the above-described embodiment of the present application, wherein the package body 200 may be integrally formed on the electric vehicle, and the package body 200 may also be a separate A pallet for vehicles used for accommodating and mounting the unit battery 100.
  • the battery pack 10 according to the above embodiment of the present application, it is possible to improve the endurance capability without expanding the space occupied by the battery.
  • the battery pack 10 is provided at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, and the package body 200 is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle 1. Since the installation space at the chassis of the electric vehicle 1 is large, the battery pack 10 is disposed at the chassis of the electric vehicle 1 to increase the number of single cells 100 as much as possible, thereby improving the endurance of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a battery pack 10 provided at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1, the package body 200 is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle 1, and the battery pack 10
  • the width direction of is arranged along the width direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1, that is, the left-right direction of the electric vehicle 1
  • the length direction of the battery pack 10 is along the length direction of the body of the electric vehicle 1, that is, the front-rear direction of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the electric vehicle 1 may include a plurality of battery packs 10 disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the shape and size of the plurality of battery packs 10 may be the same or different, and each battery pack 10 may be The shape and size of the chassis of the vehicle 1 are adjusted, and the plurality of battery packs 10 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, that is, the front-rear direction.
  • the ratio of the width F of the body 200 to the width W of the vehicle body satisfies: 50% ⁇ F/W ⁇ 80%.
  • the length L of the battery body in the width direction of the battery pack and the width W of the vehicle body satisfy: 46% ⁇ L/W ⁇ 76%. In the above embodiment, it can be achieved by only providing one package body 200 along the width direction of the vehicle body. When there are a plurality of package bodies 200, the plurality of package bodies 200 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • the body width W is 500mm-2000mm, for example, 500mm, 1600mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, the body length is 500mm-5000mm, for passenger cars, the width of the passenger car is usually 500mm-1800mm The length of the body is 500mm-4000mm.
  • the width F of the package body 200 is 500 mm-1500 mm, which is much larger than the battery pack casing disclosed in Chinese Patent Document CN107925028A, to facilitate accommodating the battery module 400 such as the battery pack in CN107925028A, and guarantee battery life Ability and match the body size.
  • the unit battery 100 includes a battery body 110, and the ratio of the length L of the battery body 110 to the width W of the vehicle body satisfies: 46% ⁇ L/W ⁇ 76%.
  • it can be realized by only providing one unit battery 100 along the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • it may be implemented by providing a plurality of battery modules 400 or a plurality of single cells 100 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the length L of the battery body 110 is 400 mm-1500 mm.
  • An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application proposes an energy storage device including the battery pack according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.
  • Example 1 Comparative Example 1.
  • the total volume of the battery pack 10' is 213L
  • the combined volume of the package body 200' and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 58L
  • the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack 10' can accommodate single cells, the transverse beam, and the length of the transverse beam is 155L
  • the volume of the distribution box is 22.5L
  • the length of the package 200" is 1380mm
  • the width is 1005mm
  • the thickness is 137mm.
  • the package body 200′′ is provided with two width-direction beams 500′ and one lengthwise beam 600′, and two width-direction beams 500′ and one lengthwise beam.
  • 600′ divides the unit battery into six battery packs 400′, and each battery pack 400′ has a battery case.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack, and a plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 accommodates two unit batteries 100.
  • the package body 200 is provided with a transverse beam 500 and a longitudinal beam 600.
  • the transverse beam 500 extends along the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10 to form a battery array ,
  • the transverse beam 500 divides the battery array into two parts along the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10.
  • a plurality of battery cells 100 are arranged in two rows of battery arrays in the width direction B of the battery pack, and a longitudinal beam 600 is located between adjacent two rows of battery arrays.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 of the package body 200 on both sides of the battery pack 10 in the width direction B provide support for the single battery 100, and the first ends of the package body 200 at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the length direction A
  • the adjacent cells 100 of the beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a battery array along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the battery pack 10 is not provided with end beams and side beams.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack, and a plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 accommodates one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the width direction B of the battery package 10.
  • a width beam 500 is provided in the package body 200, and a length beam 600 is not provided.
  • the width beam 500 extends along the width direction B of the battery pack 10, and a plurality of unit cells 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10 to form a battery In the array, the first rib 500 divides the battery array into two parts along the length direction A of the battery pack 10.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 of the package body 200 on both sides of the battery pack 10 in the width direction B provide support for the single battery 100, and the first ends of the package body 200 at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the length direction A
  • the adjacent cells 100 of the beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a layer of battery array along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the battery pack 10 is not provided with end beams and side beams.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack, and a plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 accommodates one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the width direction B of the battery package 10.
  • the transverse beam 500 and the longitudinal beam 600 are not provided.
  • the first side beam 201 and the second side beam 202 of the package body 200 on both sides of the battery pack 10 in the width direction B provide support for the single battery 100, and the first ends of the package body 200 at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the length direction A
  • the adjacent cells 100 of the beam 203 and the second end beam 204 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a layer of battery array along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the battery pack 10 is not provided with end beams and side beams.
  • the total volume of the battery pack 10' is 283L, and the combined volume of the package body 200' and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 89L, and the battery pack 10'
  • the actual remaining volume can accommodate a single cell and/or a lengthwise beam and a widthwise beam of 221L.
  • the length of the package 200′′ is 1380mm
  • the width is 1380mm
  • the thickness is 137mm
  • the length of the single cell is 215mm.
  • the width is 118mm and the height is 13.5mm.
  • the volume of the distribution box is 11L
  • the package body 200′′ is provided with two width-direction beams 500′ and one lengthwise beam 600′, and two width-direction beams 500′ and one lengthwise beam.
  • 600′ divides the single battery into six battery modules 400′, and each battery module 400′ has side beams and end beams.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack, and a plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 accommodates one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the length direction A of the battery package 10.
  • a longitudinal beam 600 is provided in the package body 200, and a transverse beam 500 is not provided.
  • the longitudinal beam 600 extends along the longitudinal direction A of the battery pack 10, and a plurality of single cells 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10 to form a battery In the array, the longitudinal beam 600 divides the battery array into two parts along the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 of the package body 200 at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the longitudinal direction A provide support for the single cell 100, and the first side of the package body 200 at both sides of the battery pack 10 in the width direction B
  • the unit cells 100 adjacent to the beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a layer of battery array along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the battery pack 10 is not provided with end beams and side beams.
  • the length direction of the unit batteries 100 is arranged along the length direction A of the battery pack, and the plurality of unit batteries 100 are arranged along the width direction B of the battery pack 10.
  • the package body 200 accommodates one unit battery 100, and the unit battery 100 extends from one side to the other side of the package body 200 in the length direction A of the battery package 10.
  • the transverse beam 500 and the longitudinal beam 600 are not provided.
  • the first end beam 203 and the second end beam 204 of the package body 200 at both ends of the battery pack 10 in the longitudinal direction A provide support for the single cell 100, and the first side of the package body 200 at both sides of the battery pack 10 in the width direction B
  • the unit cells 100 adjacent to the beam 201 and the second side beam 202 provide an inward pressing force.
  • the package body 200 contains a layer of battery array along the height direction C of the battery pack 10.
  • the battery array (also can be understood as a battery module) of the battery pack 10 is not provided with end beams and side beams.
  • Example 6 the total volume of the battery pack 10' is 414L, and the combined volume of the package body 200' and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 58L.
  • the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack 10' The volume of the single battery and/or the longitudinal beam and the width beam is 356L.
  • the length of the package 200′′ is 2130mm, the width is 1380mm, and the thickness is 137mm.
  • the volume of the distribution box is 11L.
  • the arrangement of the single cells is the same as the arrangement of Comparative Example 1.
  • the arrangement of the single cells in the battery pack is the same as in Example 5.
  • the total volume of the battery pack 10' is 508L, and the combined volume of the package body 200' and the internal battery management system and other power distribution modules is 119L.
  • the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack 10' can accommodate a single cell
  • the arrangement of single cells in the battery pack is the same as that in Example 5.
  • Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.
  • the total volume of the single cell is the sum of the volume of multiple single cells;
  • the volume of the battery pack is the overall volume of the three-dimensional shape defined by the outer contour of the battery pack, that is, the three-dimensional space enclosed by the outer contour of the battery pack.
  • the volume of the area and the volume of the cell containing cavity are the volume of the containing space defined in the package.
  • the battery pack 10 according to the embodiment of the present application, through the design of the arrangement, size parameters and other factors of the single battery 100, the space utilization rate can break through the existing Battery pack limitations, thereby achieving higher energy density. Moreover, this increase in energy density will be magnified as the overall volume of the battery pack increases, that is, for a battery pack with a larger volume, the effect of increasing energy density using the solution of the embodiment of the present application is more significant.

Abstract

一种电池包及电动车，所述电池包包括：包体；多个单体电池，所述多个单体电池设于所述包体内；其中，所述多个单体电池的体积之和V1与所述电池包的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥55％；所述电池包具有相互垂直的第一方向和第二方向，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的第一方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的第二方向排列；所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度为400-2500mm。

Description

电池包及电动车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2019年1月9日提交的中国专利申请号“201910021244.0”、“201910020967.9”、“201910021246.X”、“201910021248.9”、“201910021247.4”及“201910020925.5”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池包和具有所述电池包的电动车。
背景技术
相关技术中诸如应用于电动车的电池包，主要包括包体和安装在包体内的多个电池模组，其中，每个电池模组由多个单体电池组装而成。
随着用户对电动车的续航能力的要求逐渐提升，而在车身底部空间有限的情况下，采用现有技术的动力电池包，内部空间的利用率低；动力电池包的能量密度无法满足需求，这也逐渐成为制约电动车发展的重要因素。
发明内容
在相关现有技术中，如图1所示，电池包10′的包体200″多由宽度方向横梁500′、长度方向横梁600′分割成多个电池模组400′的安装区域；如CN107925028A公开的电池组的电池模组400′通过螺钉等方式，固定在宽度方向横梁500′或长度方向横梁600′上。电池模组400′包括依次排列的多个单体电池，多个单体电池排列形成电池阵列，在电池阵列外部设置有端梁和/或侧梁；一般同时包含端梁和侧梁，端梁和侧梁固定，围成容纳电池阵列的空间。同时，端梁和侧梁通过螺钉连接，或者通过拉杆等其他连接件连接，以实现对电池阵列的固定。
申请人通过试验和分析发现，电池模组400′通过螺钉等结构固定在宽度方向横梁500′或长度方向横梁600′上，浪费了空间，同时因为加入了螺钉等连接件，提高了重量，降低了能量密度；另外，电池模组400′通过端梁和侧梁的配合设计，端梁和侧梁均具有一定的厚度和高度，浪费了包体200″内部的空间，降低了包体200″的体积利用率。一般情况下，上述现有技术中的电池包10′，包体200″内单体电池的体积之和与包体 200″体积的比值均在50％左右，甚至低至40％。
采用上述现有技术提供的电池包10′，其采用的电池模组400′的端梁、侧梁，电池包10′内部的连接安装方式等，都降低了包体200″内部空间的利用率；导致电池包10′中，单体电池的体积之和与包体200″体积的比值过低，能量密度无法满足用户对电动车的续航能力的需求，其也逐渐成为制约电动车发展的重要因素。另外，存在繁琐组装过程，组装工序复杂，需要先组装成电池模组，再将电池模组安装在包体内，增加了人力、物力等成本；同时，因需要多次组装工序，在电池包的组装过程中，产生不良率的概率被提高，多次组装加大了电池包出现松动、安装不牢固的可能性，对电池包的品质造成不良影响，并且电池包的稳定性下降，可靠性降低。
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种电池包，该电池包具有空间利用率高、能量密度大、续航能力强、可靠性高、成本低及品质高等优点。
本申请还提出一种具有所述电池包的电动车。
本申请的第一方面的实施例提出一种电池包，所述电池包包括：包体；多个单体电池，所述多个单体电池设于所述包体内；其中，所述多个单体电池的体积之和V1与所述电池包的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥55％；所述电池包具有相互垂直的第一方向和第二方向，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的第一方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的第二方向排列；所述包体沿所述第一方向仅容纳一个单体电池；所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度为600-2500mm。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池，通过限定单体电池的体积之和与电池包的体积的比例，即将V1/V2≥55％，从而可以提高电池包的空间利用率，在电池包内布置更多的单体电池，即在单位空间内布置更多的能量提供结构，由此可以提高能量密度，从而在不扩大占用空间的情况下提高续航能力。同时在组装电池包的过程中，降低成本，并且提高品质和电池包的可靠性。
根据本申请的第二方面的实施例提出一种电动车，所述电动车包括根据本申请的第一方面的实施例所述的电池包。
根据本申请实施例的电动车，通过利用根据本申请的第一方面的实施例所述的电池包，能够在不扩大电池占用空间的情况下提升续航能力。
根据本申请的第三方面的实施例提出一种储能装置，所述储能装置包括根据本申请的第一方面的实施例所述的电池包。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中的电池包的爆炸图。
图2是根据本申请实施例的电池包的剖视图。
图3是根据本申请实施例的电池包的立体图。
图4是根据本申请实施例的电池包的爆炸图。
图5是根据本申请实施例的单体电池的结构示意图。
图6是根据本申请实施例的电池包的电池模组的排布方式示意图。
图7是根据本申请另一个实施例的电池包的电池模组的排布方式示意图。
图8是根据本申请实施例的电池包的包体形成于电动车的结构示意图。
图9是根据本申请实施例的电动车的结构示意图。
图10是根据本申请实施例的电动车的爆炸图。
图11是图2中G区域的放大图。
图12是根据本申请第一可选实施例的电池包的立体图。
图13是根据本申请第二可选实施例的电池包的立体图。
图14是根据本申请第三可选实施例的电池包的立体图。
图15是根据本申请第四可选实施例的电池包的立体图。
图16是根据本申请第五可选实施例的电池包的立体图。
附图标记：
现有技术：
电池包10′、包体200″、电池模组400′、长度方向横梁600′、宽度方向横梁500′；
本申请：
电动车1、
电池包10、
单体电池100、电池本体110、包体200、托盘210、上盖220、第一侧梁201、第二侧梁202、第一端梁203、第二端梁204、排气通道222、进气口221、
电池模组400、
第一极耳101、第二极耳102、防爆阀103、
长度方向横梁600、宽度方向横梁500、
电池包10的长度方向A、电池包10的宽度方向B、电池动力包10的高度方向C、
电池本体110的长度L、电池本体110的宽度H、电池本体110的厚度D、车身宽度W、包体200的宽度F。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“竖向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“内”、“外”、等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
考虑到相关技术中电池包的现状，本申请提出一种电池包和具有其的电动车，该电池包具有空间利用率高、能量密度大、续航能力强等优点。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的电池包10。
如图2-图16所示，根据本申请实施例的电池包10包括包体200和多个单体电池100。
多个单体电池100设于包体200内，包体200可以理解为用于容纳多个单体电池100的外壳，例如可以包括托盘210和上盖220，托盘210和上盖220共同限定出多个单体电池100的容纳空间，多个单体电池100设于托盘210，并由上盖220封盖。其中，多个单体电池100的体积之和V1与电池包10的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥55％。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，V1为每个单体电池100的体积与单体电池100的数量的乘积，即V1为多个单体电池100的总体积；V2为电池包10的外轮廓所限定立体形状的整体体积。
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，通过限定单体电池100的体积之V1和与电池包10的体积V2的比例，即将V1/V2≥55％，从而可以提高电池包10的空间利用率，在电池包10内布置更多的单体电池100，即在单位空间内布置更多的能量提供结构，由此可以提高能量密度，从而在不扩大占用空间的情况下提高续航能力。同时在组装电池包的过程中，降低成本，并且提高品质和电池包的可靠性；本申请提供的电池包中，所述包体沿所述第一方向仅容纳一个单体电池；所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度为600-2500mm，并且在电池包内沿第一方向布置，沿第二方向排列；长单体排列并放置在电池包中，形成体积利用率在55％以上的电池包，提高了空间利用率，提高能量密度和使用该电池包的电动车续航能力。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，单体电池100的体积之和V1与电池包10的体积V2的比例满足V1/V2≥60％。
在本申请的另一些具体实施例中，单体电池100的体积之和V1与电池包10的体积V2的比例满足V1/V2≥62％。
在本申请的另一些具体实施例中，单体电池100的体积之和V1与电池包10的体积V2的比例满足V1/V2≥65％。
可以理解地是，V2为电池包10的外轮廓所限定的立体形状的整体体积，即包括电池包10内部空间的体积，即电池包10的外轮廓在空间上所围成的立体区域的体积。在电动车中，V1/V2可以理解为空间利用率。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，由于某些因素的影响，例如外围零部件会占用包体200内部空间，包括托盘底部防撞击空间、液冷系统、保温材料、绝缘防护、热安全辅件、排火排气通道、高压配电模块等，因此V1/V2的峰值通常在80％，即V1/V2≤80％。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请具体实施例的电池包10，其中，电池包10的长度方向以箭头A示意，电池包10的宽度方向由箭头B示意，电池包10的高度方向由箭头C示意。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图2-图4所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包10的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度A方向排列，由此利于将电池包10的V1/V2达到55％、60％、62％、65％或更高；同时，为了预留足够的安装其他电子部件(比如电池管理系统BMS)的空间，一般电池包10的空间利用率设置在85％以下。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图3和图4所示，在电池包10的宽度方向B上，单体电池100与包体200的侧壁之间的间距小于单体电池100的长度，具体而言，在电池包10的宽度方向B上，单体电池100的一端和与其(单体电池100的所述一端)相邻的包体200侧梁之间的最近距离为L1，单体电池100的另一端和与其(单体电池100的所述另一端)相邻的包体200侧梁之间的最近距离为L2，单体电池100的长度L满足：L1+L2＜L。这样，在电池包10的宽度方向B上，无法再容纳额外的另一个单体电池100。
换言之，包体200在电池包10的宽度方向B上，仅容纳一个单体电池100。也就是说，在电池包10的宽度方向B上，单体电池100无法以两个或两个以上的数量布置在该方向上。当电池包10中，单体电池100沿电池包10的高度方向C上至少设置两层时，至少有一层单体电池100在电池包10的宽度方向B上仅能够容纳一个。上述仅容纳一个单体电池100，指的是在电池包10的宽度方向B上，仅能够并排设置一个单体电池100；而在电池包10的高度方向C上，虽然可以设置两层，也不是在电池包10的宽度方向B上排布多于一个单体电池100。
可以理解地是，在电池包10的宽度方向B上，包体200的两侧为侧梁；在电池包10的长度方向A上，包体200的两端为端梁。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图3和图4所述，单体电池100的长度延伸在电池包10的整个宽度方向B上，即沿电池包10的宽度方向B，单体电池100由包体200一侧延伸到另一侧，单体电池100的长度填充在电池包10的宽度方向B，包体200在电池包10的宽度方向B上无法放置两个或以上的单体电池100，单体电池100的长度方向上的两端可以配合于包体200在宽度方向B上相对的两侧壁，例如固定于包体200。由此，包体200内部无需宽度方向横梁和长度方向横梁，直接通过连接的单体电池100承担中间梁的作用，极大的简化了包体200的结构，且减少了中间梁占用的空间以及单体电池100的安装结构占用的空间，从而提高空间利用率，以提高续航能力。
当然，本申请的实施例并不限制于不设置宽度方向横梁和长度方向横梁，在本申请的一些实施例中，如图13所述，包体200内可以设置宽度方向横梁500，宽度方向横梁500沿电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，宽度方向横梁500将所述电池阵列沿电池包10的长度方向A分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池100，其中，电池阵列的每一部分构成一个电池模组400。
当然，在本申请的其它一些实施例中，如图12所示，包体200内也可以设置长度方向横梁600，长度方向横梁600沿电池包10的长度方向A延伸，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包10的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，所述包体200内沿电池包10的宽度方向B上布置有至少两排电池阵列，每排电池阵列包括多个沿电池包10的长度方向A排列的单体电池100，长度方向横梁600位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，包体200包括位于电池包10的宽度方向B上两侧的侧梁，单体电池100长度方向的两端支撑在所述侧梁上；包体200包括位于电池包10长度方向A两端的端梁，所述端梁为邻近其的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。
如图3和图4所示，包体200具有第一侧梁201、第二侧梁202、第一端梁203和第二端梁204，第一侧梁201、第二侧梁202、第一端梁203、第二端梁204依次首尾连接，第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202在电池包10的宽度方向B上相对，第一端梁203和第二端梁204在电池包10的长度方向A上相对。第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202为单体电池100长度方向上的两端提供支撑力，即单体电池100的一端支撑于第一侧梁201且另一端支撑于第二侧梁202。第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100厚度方向上的两侧提供压紧力，即第一端梁203向邻第一端梁203设置的单体电池100施加朝向第二端梁204的作用力， 第二端梁204向邻近第二端梁204设置的单体电池100施加朝向第一端梁203的作用力，以使多个单体电池100能够紧密地沿电池包10的长度方向A排列在第一端梁203和第二端梁204之间，多个单体电池100之间能够相互贴合。此外，第一端梁203和第二端梁204可以在电池包10的长度方向A上对多个单体电池100进行限位，特别是当单体电池100发生少量膨胀时，可以对单体电池100起到缓冲和提供向内的压力的作用，防止单体电池100的膨胀量和变形量过大。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图7所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包10的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有至少两层电池阵列。由此，优化单体电池100的数量，从而提高空间利用率以提高能量密度，且BIC、低压采样更易实现集中合成。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图15和图16所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包10的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度B方向排列，由此利于将电池包10的空间利用率设置成55％、60％、62％、65％或更高。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图15和图16所示，在电池包10的长度方向A上，单体电池100与包体200的端壁之间的间距小于单体电池100的长度。具体而言，在电池包10的长度方向A上，单体电池100的一端和与其(单体电池100的所述一端)相邻的包体200端梁之间的最近距离为L3，单体电池100的另一端和与其(单体电池100的所述另一端)相邻的包体200端梁之间的最近距离为L4，单体电池100的长度L满足：L3+L4＜L。这样，在电池包10的长度方向A上，无法再容纳额外的另一个单体电池100。
换言之，包体200在电池包10的长度方向A上，仅容纳一个单体电池100。也就是说，在电池包10的长度方向A上，单体电池100无法以两个或两个以上的数量布置在该方向上。
可以理解地是，在电池包10的宽度方向B上，包体200的两侧为侧梁；在电池包10的长度方向A上，包体200的两端为端梁。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图15和图16所示，单体电池100的长度延伸在电池包10的整个长度方向A上，即沿电池包10的长度方向A，单体电池100由包体200一端延伸到另一端，单体电池100的长度填充在电池包10的长度方向A，包体200在电池包10的长度方向A上无法放置两个或以上的单体电池100，单体电池100的长度方向上的两端可以配合于包体200在长度方向A上相对的两端壁，例如固定于包体200。由此，包体200内部无需宽度方向横梁和长度方向横梁，直接通过连接的单体电池100承担中间梁的作用，极大的简化了包体200的结构，且减少了中间梁占用的空间以及单体电池100的安装结构占用的空间，从而提高空间利用率，以提高续航能力。
当然，本申请的实施例并不限制于不设置横向和宽度方向横梁，在本申请的一些实施 例中，如图15包体200内可以设置长度方向横梁600，长度方向横梁600沿电池包10的长度方向A延伸，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，长度方向横梁600将所述电池阵列沿电池包10的宽度方向B分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池100，其中，电池阵列的每一部分构成一个电池模组400。
当然，在本申请的其它一些实施例中，包体200内也可以设置宽度方向横梁500，宽度方向横梁500沿电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包10的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，包体200内沿电池包10的长度方向A上布置有至少两排电池阵列，每排电池阵列包括多个沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列的单体电池100，宽度方向横梁500位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，包体200包括位于电池包10长度方向A两端的端梁，单体电池100长度方向的两端支撑在所述端梁上；包体200包括位于电池包10宽度方向B两侧的侧梁，所述侧梁为邻近其的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。
如图16所示，包体200具有第一侧梁201、第二侧梁202、第一端梁203和第二端梁204，第一侧梁201、第二侧梁202、第一端梁203、第二端梁204依次首尾连接，第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202在电池包10的宽度方向B上相对，第一端梁203和第二端梁204在电池包10的长度方向A上相对。第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100长度方向上的两端提供支撑力，即单体电池100的一端支撑于第一端梁203且另一端支撑于第二端梁204。第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202为单体电池100厚度方向上的两侧提供压紧力，即第一侧梁201向邻第一侧梁201设置的单体电池100施加朝向第二侧梁202的作用力，第二侧梁202向邻近第二侧梁202设置的单体电池100施加朝向第一侧梁201的作用力，以使多个单体电池100能够紧密地沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列在第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202之间，多个单体电池100之间能够相互贴合。此外，第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202可以在电池包10的宽度方向B上对多个单体电池100进行限位，特别是当单体电池100发生少量膨胀时，可以对单体电池100起到缓冲和提供向内的压力的作用，防止单体电池100的膨胀量和变形量过大。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图15所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包10的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有至少一层电池阵列。由此，优化单体电池100的数量，从而提高空间利用率以提高能量密度，且BIC、低压采样更易实现集中合成。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，多个单体电池100可以组装成多个电池模组400，多个电池模组400可以沿电池包10的长度方向A排列(如图6所示)，多个电池模组400也可以沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列(如图15所示)，多个电池模组400也可以沿电池包10 的高度方向C排列以形成多层结构(如图7所示)，换言之，无论单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B延伸还是长度方向A延伸，多个单体电池100均可以沿电池包10的高度方向C排列成多层。当然，多个电池模组400也可以沿电池包10的长度方向A和高度方向C同时排列，或沿电池包10的宽度方向A和高度方向C同时排列。由此，优化电池模组400的数量，从而提高空间利用率以提高能量密度，且BIC、低压采样更易实现集中合成。需要理解地是，本申请实施例中的电池模组400不设置端梁和侧梁等结构。
在相关技术中，由于单体电池的尺寸较小，长度较短，单体电池的相对两端无法与包体200″中相对设置的两个侧壁相适配，因此，包体200″中需要设置长度方向横梁600′和/或宽度方向横梁500′(如图1所示)，从而便于单体电池的装配。当单体电池通过电池模组400′安装到包体200″中后，沿电池包10′的宽度方向会存在多个单体电池，也就是说，单体电池并未在两个相对设置的侧壁之间延伸，而是在两个相对设置的长度方向横梁600′或宽度方向横梁500′之间延伸的，电池模组通过紧固件与相邻的长度方向横梁600′和/或宽度方向横梁500′固定。
由于相关技术中的包体200″中设置有长度方向横梁600′和/或宽度方向横梁500′，长度方向横梁600′和/或宽度方向横梁500′占据了包体200″中大量的用于容纳单体电池的安装空间，导致包体200″的空间利用率较低，通常，单体电池的体积之和与包体200″的体积的比值约为40％，甚至更低，也就是说，相关技术中的包体200″中仅有40％左右的空间可以用于安装单体电池，导致包体200″中可容纳的单体电池的数量有限，整个电池包10′的容量、电压受到限制，电池包10′的续航能力较差。
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，一方面能够减少包体200中长度方向横梁和/或宽度方向横梁的使用，甚至包体200中可以不设置长度方向横梁和/或宽度方向横梁，从而减少了长度方向横梁和/或宽度方向横梁在包体200中占据的空间，提高了包体200的空间利用率；另一方面能够减少电池模组400中端梁和侧梁的使用，减少端梁和侧梁在包体200中占据的空间，提高了包体200的空间利用率。尽可能地使更多的单体电池100能够布置在包体200中，进而提高整个电池包的容量、电压以及续航能力。
并且，由于包体200中无需再布置长度方向横梁和/或宽度方向横梁，一方面，使得包体200的制作工艺得到了简化，单体电池100的组装复杂度降低，生产成本降低，另一方面，使得包体200和整个电池包10的重量减轻，实现了电池包10的轻量化。特别地，当电池包10安装在电动车上时，还可以提升电动车的续航能力，实现电动车的轻量化。
此外，单体电池100本身可用作加强包体200的结构强度，也就是说，包体200中无需再设置用于加强其结构强度的加强结构，直接通过单体电池100本身便可代替加强结构来保证包体200的结构强度，确保包体200在外力作用下不易发生形变。相比中国专利文 献CN107925028A公开的电池组，包体200不仅能够起到容纳和保护单体电池100的作用，而且能够支撑单体电池100，提高电池包10的整体承重能力，单体电池100的长度对电池包10的强度起到加强作用。并且，单个单体电池100的表面积得到提升，从而可以增大单体电池100的散热面积，提高单体电池100的散热速率，进而提高了整个电池包10的安全性，使电池包10更加安全可靠。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，单体电池100包括电池本体110(可以理解为除了极耳等小尺寸凸出结构外的主体部分)，电池本体110的体积V与电池本体110的能量E满足：V/E≤2000mm 3·Wh ﹣1。由此，既能够保证足够的散热面积以保证散热效果，又可以降低单体电池100的体积占比，利于多个单体电池100在电池包10布置的紧凑化。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图9和图10所示，上述包体200不同于中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组壳体，尤其在于尺寸和承重方面，包体200可以包括与车身配合连接的车用托盘210，形成与车体/车身配合的容纳并承载单体电池100的结构，该车用托盘210为单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的托盘。当单体电池100安装到车用托盘210中后，该车用托盘210可以通过紧固件安装到车身上，例如，悬挂在电动车的底盘上，并起到容纳和承重作用。
其中，当电池包10作为车辆上使用的提供电能的电池包使用时，可以使单体电池100的长度方向沿车身长度方向布置，即，车辆的前后方向，此时，单体电池100的电池本体110的长度L可以为400mm-2500mm，在一些实施例中，L可以为400～1500，以使单体电池100的长度能够与车辆的宽长度的相适配。当电池包10作为车辆上使用的提供电能的电池包使用时，可以使单体电池100的长度方向沿车身宽度方向布置，即，车辆的左右方向，此时，单体电池100的电池本体110的长度L可以为400mm-1500mm，以使单体电池100的长度能够与车辆的宽度的相适配。本申请的一些实施例中，电池本体的长度L为700mm-2500mm；进一步，电池本体的长度L可以为800mm-1500mm。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图8所示，包体200也可以直接形成在电动车上，也就是说，包体200为形成在电动车上任意适当位置的用于安装单体电池100的装置。例如，包体200可以形成在电动车的底盘上。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，当电池包10布置在电动车上时，不同于中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组，电池包10还包括电池管理系统(BMS)、电池连接器、电池采样器和电池热管理系统中的至少之一等车用电池所需的部件，电池包10的宽度方向B沿车身宽度方向布置，即车辆的左右方向，电池包10的长度方向沿车身长度方向布置，即车辆的前后方向。当然本申请并不限于此，也可以使电池包10的宽度方向B沿车身长度方向布置，使电池包10的长度方向A沿车身宽度方向布置。本申请的一些实施例中，第一方向 和第二方向为以电池包为参考的相互垂直的两个方向；其中，第一方向可以为电池包的宽度方向，第二方向可以为电池包的长度方向。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，单体电池100在电池包10内的方向布置以及电池包10在电动车上的方向布置，可以以不同的形式组合，例如，单体电池100的长度方向可以沿电池包10的宽度方向B布置，也可以沿电池包10的长度方向A布置；电池包10的宽度方向B可以沿车身宽度方向布置，也可以沿车身长度方向布置；再例如，无论电池包10的宽度方向B沿车身宽度方向布置还是沿车身长度方向布置，单体电池100的长度方向均沿车身宽度方向布置。单体电池100、电池包10和车身的相对布置方向可以根据实际应用设置，以满足不同的要求。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的单体电池100。
以下具体实施例中，长度L、宽度H和厚度D单位均为毫米(mm)，表面积S单位为平方毫米(mm 2)，体积V单位为立方毫米(mm 3)，能量E单位为瓦时(Wh)。
如图5所示，根据本申请实施例的单体电池100包括电池本体110，可以理解地是，电池本体110为除了极耳等小尺寸凸出结构外的主体部分。电池本体110具有长度L、宽度H和和厚度D。
其中，电池本体110的长度L大于电池本体110的宽度H，电池本体110的宽度H大于电池本体110的厚度D，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的宽度H满足：L/H＝4～21，在本申请的一些具体实施例中，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的宽度H满足：L/H＝9～13。
在电动车的开发中，对于单体电池的电压平台要求是预定的，这使得单体电池的体积成定值，即在达到某电压平台的情况下，在使用相同化学体系材料的基础上，其单体电池中所容纳的材料量是一定的，因此，体积一定。根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，通过设计电池本体110的长度L和宽度H的比值，可在一定体积下使电池本体110进行合理的扁长化，一方面利于在电池包内的整体排布(如实现根据本申请上述实施例的电池包10的排布)，从而提高电池包的空间利用率、扩大电池包的能量密度，进而增强电池包的续航能力；另一方面能够保证单体电池100具有足够大的散热面积，能够及时将内部的热量传导至外部，防止热量在内聚集，从而匹配较高的能量密度，支持续航能力的提升。
根据本申请的一些具体实施例，为了优化单体电池100在电池包内的排布，并提高单体电池100的散热能力，电池本体110的长度L与厚度D满足：L/D＝23～208，在一些实施例中，L/D＝23～200，根据本申请的另一些具体实施例，电池本体110的长度L与厚度D满足：L/D＝50～120。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图5所示，电池本体110构造为外表面平滑的长方 体形，以具有一定的结构强度，例如，将电池极芯放入方形电池壳内，用盖板密封电池壳的开口部分，注入电解液。相比铝塑复合膜的电池，根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，的导热性能好，配合常规的电池热管理结构，可有效避免了大尺寸结构带来的散热问题。而相比圆柱形电池，空间利用率更高，生产组装工艺更简单。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100布置于电池包10的包体200内时，电池本体110的长度方向和厚度方向可以沿水平方向延伸，电池本体110的宽度方向可以沿竖直方向延伸，即单体电池100侧立放置，该水平方向和竖直方向均以电池包10使用时(例如应用于电动车时)的方向为准。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，为了优化单体电池100在电池包10内的排布，以提高能量密度以提高续航能力，在包体200的有限空间内，使电池本体110的排布能加紧凑，能量更加集中，对单体电池100的其它参数作了设计。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的体积V满足：L/V＝0.0005mm ﹣2～0.002mm ﹣2；根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的宽度H与电池本体110的体积V满足：H/V＝0.0001mm ﹣2～0.00015mm ﹣2；根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的厚度D与电池本体110的体积V满足：D/V＝0.0000065mm ﹣2～0.00002mm ﹣2。对于一定体积的电池本体110，设计长度L、宽度H和厚度D中每一项与体积V的比例，能够优化单位数量的能量在空间上的分布，从而利于在包体200内的布置。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的表面积S满足：L/S＝0.002mm ﹣1～0.005mm ﹣1；根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的能量E满足：L/E＝0.8mm·Wh ﹣1～2.45mm·Wh ﹣1，根据本申请的一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L与电池本体110的能量E满足：L/E＝1.65mm·Wh ﹣1～2.45mm·Wh ﹣1。这样，利于单体电池100在其长度方向上横跨包体200的相对两边，从而提高电池包10的续航能力，且兼顾单体电池100的结构强度和散热效果。
在本申请的一些其它示例中，电池本体110的表面积S与电池本体110的体积V满足：S/V＝0.1～0.35mm ﹣1。由此，既能够保证足够的散热面积以保证散热效果，又可以降低单体电池100的体积占比，利于多个单体电池100在电池包10布置的紧凑化。
电池本体110的表面积S与电池本体110的能量E满足：S/E≤1000mm 2·Wh ﹣1。这样可以保证单体电池100的表面散热充足，尤其是当动力电池采用三元或高镍三元正极材料时，电池内部热量能够及时传导，利于电池安全。此外，本申请的实施中的单体电池100为外表面平滑的方形电池，具有一定的结构强度，金属导热型良好，相比波纹增加表面积的电池，工艺和后期组装难度较小。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图5所示，单体电池100还包括第一极耳101和第 二极耳102。
第一极耳101设于电池本体110的长度方向上的一端，第二极耳102设于电池本体110的长度方向上的另一端。换言之，单体电池100的长度方向可以为单体电池100内部的电流方向，即，单体电池100内部的电流方向如箭头B所示。这样，由于电流方向与单体电池100的长度方向相同，单体电池100的有效散热面积更大、散热效率更好。这里，第一极耳101可以为单体电池100的正极耳，第二极耳102为单体电池100的负极耳；或者，第一极耳101为单体电池100的负极耳，第二极耳102为单体电池100的正极耳。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图5所示，单体电池100还包括防爆阀103。
防爆阀103设于电池本体110的长度方向上的至少一端。当单体电池100在发生故障并膨胀时时，其内部能够具有足够的气压冲破防爆阀103内的翻转片，从而使单体电池100短路，保证单体电池100的安全，防止单体电池100爆炸。
本领域的技术人员可以理解地是，防爆阀103的设置不仅可以应用于铝壳电池，而且可以应用于软包电池，此外，防爆阀103也可以设置在电池本体100的除端部外的其它位置。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，电池本体110的长度方向上的两端分别设有防爆阀103，电池本体110两端的防爆阀103通过不同的排气通道222排气。
举例而言，如图2、图5和图11所示，单体电池100朝向第一侧梁201的第一端设置有防爆阀103，第一侧梁201内部设置有排气通道222，第一侧梁201上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口221，进气口221与排气通道222连通，包体200上设置有与排气通道222连通的排气孔；和/或单体电池100朝向第二侧梁202的第二端设置有防爆阀103，第二侧梁202内部设置有排气通道222，第二侧梁202上与每个单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的位置均设置有进气口221，进气口221与排气通道222连通，包体200上设置有与排气通道222连通的排气孔。
在相关技术中，在单体电池的使用过程中，如果其内部的气压增大到一定程度，则防爆阀开启，单体电池内部的火焰、烟雾或气体会通过防爆阀排出，该火焰、烟雾或气体会聚集在电池包的内部，若无法及时排出，则会对单体电池造成二次伤害。在本申请的实施例中，由于第一侧梁201和/或第二侧梁202上设置有与单体电池100的防爆阀103对应的进气口221，且第一侧梁201和/或第二侧梁202内部设置有排气通道222，当单体电池100内部气压增大时，其防爆阀103开启，其内部的火焰、烟雾或气体等将直接通过进气口221进入第一侧梁201和/或第二侧梁202内的排气通道222，并通过排气孔排出第一侧梁201和或第二侧梁202，例如，通过排气孔排到大气中，这样，该火焰、烟雾或气体便不会聚集在包体200内部，从而避免火焰、烟雾或气体对单体电池100造成二次伤害。
此外，多个单体电池100中每一个单体电池100的一端通过第一侧梁201内的排气通道222排气，多个单体电池100中每一个单体电池100的另一端通过第二侧梁202内的排气通道222排气，由此，单体电池100的两端通过不同的通道进行排气，增加了排气距离，形成交叉排气，从而能够降低温度。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的电动车1，该电动车可以包括商用车、特种车、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动滑板车等需要使用电池包为其提供电能，以驱动其行驶的电动车。
如图9和图10所示，根据本申请实施例的电动车1包括根据本申请上述实施例的电池包10，其中，包体200可以一体成型在电动车上，包体200也可以为单独生产的用于容纳并安装单体电池100的车用托盘。
根据本申请实施例的电动车1，通过利用根据本申请上述实施例的电池包10，能够在不扩大电池占用空间的情况下提升续航能力。
在本申请的一些具体实施例中，如图9和图10所示，电池包10设置在电动车1的底部，包体200与电动车1的底盘固定连接。由于电动车1的底盘处的安装空间较大，将电池包10设置在电动车1的底盘处，可以尽可能地提高单体电池100的数量，从而提高电动车1的续航能力。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，如图9和图10所示，电动车1包括设置在电动车1的底部的一个电池包10，包体200与电动车1的底盘固定连接，电池包10的宽度方向沿电动车1的车身宽度方向布置，即，电动车1的左右方向，电池包10的长度方向沿电动车1的车身长度方向，即，电动车1的前后方向。在其它实施例中，电动车1可以包括多个设置在电动车1的底部的电池包10，该多个电池包10的形状和尺寸可以相同，也可以不同，每个电池包10可以根据电动车1的底盘的形状及尺寸进行调整，多个电池包10沿车身的长度方向，即，前后方向排列。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，包体200的宽度F与车身宽度W的比值满足：50％≤F/W≤80％。在本申请的另一些实施例中，所述电池本体的在所述电池包的宽度方向上的长度L与车身宽度W满足：46％≤L/W≤76％。在上述实施例中，可以通过沿车身的宽度方向仅设置一个包体200实现，当包体200为多个时，多个包体200沿车身的长度方向排列。通常，对于多数车辆而言，车身宽度W为500mm-2000mm，例如，500mm、1600mm、1800mm、2000mm,车身长度为500mm-5000mm，对于乘用车而言,乘用车的宽度通常为500mm-1800mm，车身的长度为500mm-4000mm。
在本申请的一些其它实施例中，包体200的宽度F为500mm-1500mm，远大于中国专利文献CN107925028A公开的电池组壳体，以利于容纳如CN107925028A中电池组的电池模组 400，保证续航能力，并匹配于车身尺寸。
在本申请的一些具体示例中，单体电池100包括电池本体110，电池本体110的长度L与车身宽度W的比值满足：46％≤L/W≤76％。在本实施例中，可以沿车身的宽度方向仅设置一个单体电池100实现。在其他可能的实施方式中，满足这样的尺寸要求的情况下，可以在长度方向上设置多个电池模组400或多个单体电池100来实现。作为一些实施例，电池本体110的长度L为400mm-1500mm。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100、电池包10和电动车1的其他构成以及操作对于本领域普通技术人员而言都是已知的，这里不再详细描述。
根据本申请的第三方面的实施例提出一种储能装置，所述储能装置包括根据本申请的第一方面的实施例所述的电池包。
下面通过对比例1和实施例1-3以及对比例2和实施例4-5说明，根据本申请实施例的电池包10，通过对单体电池100的排布及尺寸参数等的设计，在能量密度等方面的提升。
以下实施例和对比例均磷酸铁锂电池为例。
对比例1、实施例1、实施例2中，实施例3中，电池包10′的总体积为213L，其包体200′与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为58L，电池包10′的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和宽度方向横梁、以及长度方向横梁的体积为155L，配电箱的体积22.5L，，其中，包体200″的长度为1380mm、宽度为1005mm、厚度为137mm。电池包的总体积213L＝1380×1005×137×0.000001+22.5。
对比例1
现有技术中的电池包10′，如图1所示，包体200″内设置有两个宽度方向横梁500′和一个长度方向横梁600′，两个宽度方向横梁500′和一个长度方向横梁600′将单体电池分隔成六个电池组400′，每个电池组400′均具有电池组壳体。
实施例1
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，如图12所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列，在电池包的宽度方向B上，包体200容纳两个单体电池100。包体200内设置有一个宽度方向横梁500和一个长度方向横梁600，宽度方向横梁500沿电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，宽度方向横梁500将电池阵列沿电池包10的长度方向A分割成两部分。并且，多个单体电池100沿电池包的宽度方向B上布置有两排 电池阵列，长度方向横梁600位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。包体200的位于电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端梁和侧梁。
实施例2
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，如图13所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列，在电池包的宽度方向B上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在电池包10的宽度方向B上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内设置有一个宽度方向横梁500，不设置长度方向横梁600，宽度方向横梁500沿电池包10的宽度方向B延伸，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列形成电池阵列，第一加强筋500将电池阵列沿电池包10的长度方向A分割成两部分。包体200的位于电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端梁和侧梁。
实施例3
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，如图14所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包的宽度方向B布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的长度方向A排列，在电池包的宽度方向B上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在电池包10的宽度方向B上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内不设置宽度方向横梁500和长度方向横梁600。包体200的位于电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端梁和侧梁。
本领域的技术人员通过对比上述对比例1和实施例1-3可知，相比现有技术中的电池包10′，根据本申请实施例的电池包10，通过单体电池100的排布、尺寸参数以及其它因素的设计，空间利用率能够突破现有电池包的限制，从而实现更高的能量密度。
对比例2、实施例4和实施例5中，电池包10′的总体积为283L，其包体200′与内 部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为89L，电池包10′的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和/或长度方向横梁、宽度方向横梁的体积为221L，其中，包体200″的长度为1380mm、宽度为1380mm、厚度为137mm，单体电池的长度为215mm、宽度为118mm、高度为13.5mm。配电箱的体积为11L，电池包的总体积310L＝1580×1380×137×0.000001+11。
对比例2
现有技术中的电池包10′，如图1所示，包体200″内设置有两个宽度方向横梁500′和一个长度方向横梁600′，两个宽度方向横梁500′和一个长度方向横梁600′将单体电池分隔成六个电池模组400′，每个电池模组400′均具有侧梁和端梁。
实施例4
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，如图15所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列，在电池包的长度方向A上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在电池包10的长度方向A上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内设置有一个长度方向横梁600，不设置宽度方向横梁500，长度方向横梁600沿电池包10的长度方向A延伸，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列形成电池阵列，长度方向横梁600将电池阵列沿电池包10的宽度方向B分割成两部分。包体200的位于电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端梁和侧梁。
实施例5
根据本申请实施例的电池包10，如图16所示，单体电池100的长度方向沿电池包的长度方向A布置，多个单体电池100沿电池包10的宽度方向B排列，在电池包的长度方向A上，包体200容纳一个单体电池100，单体电池100在电池包10的长度方向A上从包体200的一侧延伸到另一侧。包体200内不设置宽度方向横梁500和长度方向横梁600。包体200的位于电池包10长度方向A两端的第一端梁203和第二端梁204为单体电池100提供支撑力，包体200的位于电池包10宽度方向B两侧的第一侧梁201和第二侧梁202位邻近的单体电池100提供向内的压紧力。包体200内沿电池包10的高度方向C含有一层电池阵列。该电池包10的电池阵列(也可理解为电池模组)不设置端梁和侧梁。
对比例3、实施例6中，电池包10′的总体积为414L，其包体200′与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为58L，电池包10′的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和/或长度方向横梁、宽度方向横梁的体积为356L，其中，包体200″的长度为2130mm、宽度为1380mm、厚度为137mm，配电箱的体积为11L，电池包的总体积414L＝2130×1380×137×0.000001+11。
对比例3
单体电池的排布方式与对比例1的排布方式相同。
实施例6
单体电池在电池包中的排布方式与实施例5相同。
实施例7
在本实施例中，电池包10′的总体积为508L，其包体200′与内部电池管理系统及其它配电模块所占体积的综合为119L，电池包10′的实际剩余能够容纳单体电池和/或长度方向横梁、宽度方向横梁的体积为389L，其中，包体200″的长度为2630mm、宽度为1380mm、厚度为137mm，配电箱的体积为11L，电池包的总体积414L＝2630×1380×137×0.000001+11。单体电池在电池包中的排布方式与实施例5相同。
实施例1-7、对比例1-3的具体参数如表1。其中，单体电池总体积为多个单体电池的体积之和；电池包体积为电池包的外轮廓所限定的立体形状的整体体积，即电池包的外轮廓在空间上所围成的立体区域的体积，单体电池容纳腔的容积为包体内限定的容纳空间的体积。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019092351-appb-000001
本领域的技术人员通过对比上述对比例和实施例，不仅可知根据本申请实施例的电池包10，通过单体电池100的排布、尺寸参数以及其它因素的设计，空间利用率能够突破现有电池包的限制，从而实现更高的能量密度。而且这种能量密度的提高，随着电池包的整体体积的增大，会被放大，即对于体积越大的电池包，采用本申请实施例的方案对能量密度的提高效果越为显著。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“具体实施例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (44)

  1. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    包体；
    多个单体电池，所述多个单体电池设于所述包体内；
    其中，所述多个单体电池的体积之和V1与所述电池包的体积V2满足：V1/V2≥55％；
    所述电池包具有相互垂直的第一方向和第二方向，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的第一方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的第二方向排列；所述包体沿所述第一方向仅容纳一个单体电池；所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度为600-2500mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，V1/V2≥60％。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包，其特征在于，V1/V2≥62％。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其特征在于，V1/V2≥65％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第一方向为所述电池包的宽度方向，所述第二方向为所述电池包的长度方向；所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的长度方向排列。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体在所述电池包的宽度方向上，仅容纳一个所述单体电池。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，在所述电池包的宽度方向上，所述单体电池的一端和与其相邻的包体侧梁之间的最近距离为L1，所述单体电池的另一端和与其相邻的包体侧梁之间的最近距离为L2，所述单体电池的长度L满足：L1+L2＜L。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，沿所述电池包的宽度方向，所述单体电池由所述包体一侧延伸到另一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述电池包的宽度方向延伸的宽度方向横梁，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的长度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述宽度方向横梁将所述电池阵列沿所述电池包的长度方向分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的长度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述电池包的宽度方向上布置有至少两排电池阵列，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述电池包的长度方向延伸的长度方向横梁，所述长度方向横梁位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
  11. 根据权利要求6-8和10中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体包括位于所述电池包宽度方向两侧的侧梁，所述单体电池长度方向的两端支撑在所述侧梁上；
    所述包体包括位于所述电池包长度方向两端的端梁，所述端梁为邻近其的单体电池提供向内的压紧力。
  12. 根据权利要求1-8和10中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第一方向为电池包的宽度方向，所述第二方向为电池包的长度方向；所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的宽度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的长度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述电池包的高度方向含有至少两层电池阵列。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第一方向为电池包的宽度方向，所述第二方向为电池包的长度方向；所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的宽度方向排列。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体在所述电池包的长度方向上，仅容纳一个所述单体电池。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电池包，其特征在于，在所述电池包的长度方向上，所述单体电池的一端和与其相邻的包体端梁之间的最近距离为L3，所述单体电池的另一端和与其相邻的包体端梁之间的最近距离为L4，所述单体电池的长度L满足：L3+L4＜L。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的电池包，其特征在于，沿所述电池包长度方向，所述单体电池由所述包体一端延伸到另一端。
  17. 根据权利要求14-16中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述电池包的长度方向延伸的长度方向横梁，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述长度方向横梁将所述电池阵列沿所述动力电池的宽度方向分割成至少两部分，所述电池阵列的每一部分包含至少一个单体电池。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的长度方向沿所述电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述电池包的长度方向上布置有至少两排电池阵列，所述包体内至少设置一个沿所述电池包的宽度方向延伸的宽度方向横梁，所述宽度方向横梁位于相邻两排电池阵列之间。
  19. 根据权利要求14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体包括位于所述电池包长度方向两端的端梁，所述单体电池长度方向的两端支撑在所述端梁上；
    所述包体包括位于所述电池包宽度方向两侧的侧梁，所述侧梁为邻近其的单体电池提供向内的压紧力。
  20. 根据权利要求14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池的 长度方向沿所述电池包的长度方向布置，多个所述单体电池沿所述电池包的宽度方向排列形成电池阵列，所述包体内沿所述电池包的高度方向含有至少两层电池阵列。
  21. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体包括与车身配合连接的车用托盘。
  22. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体的在所述电池包的宽度方向上的宽度F为500mm-1500mm。
  23. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，还包括电池管理系统和/或电池热管理系统。
  24. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述包体形成在电动车上。
  25. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包的宽度方向沿车身宽度方向布置，所述电池包的长度方向沿车身长度方向布置；或
    所述电池包的宽度方向沿车身长度方向布置，所述电池包的长度方向沿车身宽度方向布置。
  26. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体具有长度L、宽度H和和厚度D，所述电池本体的长度L大于宽度H，所述电池本体的宽度H大于厚度D，其中，所述电池本体的长度L与宽度H满足：L/H＝4～21。
  27. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L与所述电池本体的厚度D满足：L/D＝23～208。
  28. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L与所述电池本体的体积V满足：L/V＝0.0005mm ﹣2～0.002mm ﹣2。
  29. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的宽度H与所述电池本体的体积V满足：H/V＝0.0001mm ﹣2～0.00015mm ﹣2。
  30. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的厚度D与所述电池本体的体积V满足：D/V＝0.0000065mm ﹣2～0.00002mm ﹣2。
  31. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L与所述电池本体的表面积S满足：L/S＝0.002mm ﹣1～0.005mm ﹣1。
  32. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的表面积S与所述电池本体的体积V满足：S/V＝0.1mm ﹣1～0.35mm ﹣1。
  33. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池本体的长度L为700mm-2500mm。
  34. 根据权利要求33中所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度L为800mm-1500mm。
  35. 根据权利要求1-8、10、14-16和18中任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池为铝壳方形电池。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体和防爆阀，所述防爆阀设于所述电池本体的长度方向上的至少一端。
  37. 根据权利要求35所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的长度方向上的两端分别设有防爆阀。
  38. 一种电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车包括权利要求1-37中任一项所述的电池包。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电池包设置在所述电动车的底部，所述包体与所述电动车的底盘固定连接。
  40. 根据权利要求38或39所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述电动车包括设置在所述电动车底部的一个电池包，所述电池包的宽度方向沿所述电动车的车身宽度方向布置，所述电池包的长度方向沿所述电动车的车身长度方向布置。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述包体的宽度F与车身宽度W满足：50％≤F/W≤80％。
  42. 根据权利要求42所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电池本体，所述电池本体的在所述电池包的宽度方向上的长度L与车身宽度W满足：46％≤L/W≤76％。
  43. 根据权利要求41或42所述的电动车，其特征在于，所述车身宽度W为500mm-2000mm。
  44. 一种储能装置，其特征在于，所述储能装置包括权利要求1-20,权利要求22-37中任一项所述的电池包。
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