WO2023220884A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023220884A1
WO2023220884A1 PCT/CN2022/093134 CN2022093134W WO2023220884A1 WO 2023220884 A1 WO2023220884 A1 WO 2023220884A1 CN 2022093134 W CN2022093134 W CN 2022093134W WO 2023220884 A1 WO2023220884 A1 WO 2023220884A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery cells
thermal management
battery cell
cells
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PCT/CN2022/093134
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柴志生
迟庆魁
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/093134 priority Critical patent/WO2023220884A1/zh
Publication of WO2023220884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023220884A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • Improving the energy density of batteries is an important direction for the current development of the battery industry. Improving the space utilization in the battery box can effectively increase the energy density of batteries. However, the low space utilization of existing batteries severely limits the improvement of battery energy density. .
  • the present application provides a battery and a power-consuming device, which can effectively improve space utilization and help greatly increase the energy density of the battery.
  • the application provides a battery, including: battery cells, the number of the battery cells is multiple, and the battery cells are cylindrical; a box has a receiving cavity, the receiving cavity Used to accommodate multiple battery cells; wherein, the area of the accommodation cavity on a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell is S, and the diameter of a single battery cell is A, satisfying, A /S ⁇ 25 ⁇ 10 -6 .
  • the battery cells are cylindrical, and the battery includes a box and a plurality of battery cells.
  • the plurality of battery cells are arranged in the battery box.
  • the central axes of the battery cells are parallel to each other. Since the cylindrical battery cells are The cross-section is circular, so when the plane area of the box's accommodation cavity perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell is certain, if the diameter of a single battery cell is too large, a large amount of corner area in the box will be wasted. , and leads to a decrease in the number of battery cells that the box can accommodate, resulting in a reduction in the area utilization of the box.
  • the diameter A of the battery cell and the accommodation cavity of the box are in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell.
  • the ratio of the area S on the box is controlled at A/S ⁇ 25 ⁇ 10 -6 , which is beneficial to reducing the waste of corner areas in the box, increasing the number of battery cells arranged in the box, and effectively improving the space utilization of the battery. To achieve the effect of increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the diameter A of a single battery cell is ⁇ 15 mm.
  • the diameter of the battery cell is greater than or equal to 15mm.
  • the diameter of the battery cells is set to be greater than or equal to 15mm, which can effectively avoid increasing the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the battery cells. risks of.
  • 1500000mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 3000000mm 2 1500000mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 3000000mm 2 .
  • the area S of the housing cavity of the box on a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell is between 1,500,000 mm 2 and 3,000,000 mm 2 , effectively ensuring the versatility of battery specifications.
  • the battery further includes: a thermal management member, the thermal management member is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells; wherein the thickness of the thermal management member is B, satisfying 0.06 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 0.14.
  • a thermal management member is provided between two adjacent rows of battery cells.
  • the thermal management member performs temperature management on the battery cells so as to heat or cool the battery cells according to the influence of the battery usage environment or other factors.
  • the setting of thermal management parts will directly affect the space utilization of the battery.
  • the thickness of the thermal management parts is too small, it will directly affect the structural strength of the thermal management parts and cannot meet the overall battery structure.
  • the ratio of the thickness B of the thermal management member of this application to the diameter A of the battery cell is greater than or equal to 0.06 and less than or equal to 0.14.
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells located in the same row is C, satisfying 0.1 ⁇ (B+C)/A ⁇ 0.145.
  • the thickness B of the thermal management member and the ratio between the thickness B of the thermal management member and two adjacent battery cells in the same row The ratio of the sum of the minimum spacing C and the diameter A of the battery cell is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.145.
  • the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells located in the same row is too small.
  • the contact angle between the battery cell and the thermal management component will be too small, resulting in insufficient thermal management effect, causing the battery temperature to be too high during fast charging, and the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells located in the same row
  • This application limits the ratio of the sum of the thickness B of the thermal management member and the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells in the same row to the diameter A of the battery cell. , can effectively reduce the risk of the contact angle between the battery cell and the thermal management component being too small, thereby effectively ensuring the thermal management effect.
  • the distance C is relatively large and wastes space in the battery box.
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells located in different rows is D, satisfying 1 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2.5 mm.
  • the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells in different rows is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm. That is to say, there is a space reserved between two adjacent battery cells in different rows.
  • Gap the above gap refers to the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells in different rows without thermal management parts. If the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells in different rows is too small, then When a certain battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, due to the influence of high temperature, it is easy to cause the adjacent row of battery cells to undergo thermal runaway; however, if the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells located in different rows is too large, , it will waste too much space in the battery box, thus affecting the space utilization of the battery.
  • the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells located in different rows is set between 1mm and 2.5mm, which can It effectively reduces the risk of mutual diffusion between different rows of battery cells during thermal runaway, while taking into account the space utilization of the battery, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery while taking into account battery safety.
  • 1.5mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2.5mm 1.5mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2.5mm.
  • the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells in different rows is set between 1.5mm and 2.5mm, which is conducive to further reducing mutual diffusion between battery cells in different rows during thermal runaway. risks of.
  • the battery further includes: a heat insulator, the heat insulator is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells; wherein, the heat insulator in contact with the same heat insulator
  • the minimum distance between the two rows of battery cells is E, which satisfies 0.5mm ⁇ E ⁇ 2.5mm.
  • a heat insulator is provided between two adjacent rows of battery cells.
  • the heat insulator can insulate the two adjacent rows of battery cells located on both sides of the heat insulator to avoid the problem of different rows of battery cells.
  • Temperature transmission is formed between battery cells, which effectively reduces the impact of a battery cell on adjacent rows of battery cells when thermal runaway occurs. Due to the setting of heat insulation parts, the temperature between battery cells in different rows is effectively reduced when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the risk of mutual diffusion, and in order to improve space utilization, the minimum distance between two adjacent rows of battery cells equipped with heat insulation parts can be controlled between 0.5mm and 2.5mm to ensure that the installation space of the heat insulation parts is effective at the same time Reduce the waste of box space.
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent rows of battery cells equipped with heat insulation parts is controlled to 1 mm to 2 mm, which is conducive to further ensuring the compressed thickness of the heat insulation parts, thereby ensuring the heat insulation effect. At the same time, Further reduce the waste of space in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells are arranged in multiple rows, and every two rows of battery cells form a battery unit.
  • the battery further includes: a thermal management member disposed on two adjacent rows. between the battery units; a heat insulation member is provided between the two rows of battery cells of the battery unit; wherein the thickness of the thermal management member is B, and the thickness of the thermal management member is B, The minimum distance between cells is E, and the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells located in the same row is C, which satisfies (B+C+E)/A ⁇ 0.16.
  • multiple battery cells are arranged in multiple rows, and every two rows of battery cells are enough to form a battery unit.
  • a thermal management member is provided between two adjacent battery units, and between the two rows of battery cells of the battery unit, Thermal insulation parts are arranged at intervals, that is to say, the thermal management parts and the thermal insulation parts are alternately arranged between multiple rows of battery cells.
  • This arrangement facilitates that the battery cells in the battery only come into contact with one thermal management part, which is beneficial to To ensure the balance of thermal management of the battery cells, heat insulation parts are installed between two adjacent rows of battery cells without thermal management parts, which will help reduce the gap between two adjacent rows of battery cells without thermal management parts.
  • the thickness B of the thermal management member, the minimum distance E between the two rows of battery cells of the battery unit, and the minimum distance E between two adjacent battery cells located in the same row are considered in this application.
  • the ratio of the sum of the spacing C and the diameter A of the battery cell is controlled below 0.16 to avoid excessive waste of space in the box, which is beneficial to ensuring space utilization and thus ensuring the energy density of the battery.
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells in the same row is C, satisfying 0.5mm ⁇ C ⁇ 3.5mm.
  • the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells in the same row is greater than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 3.5mm, which can effectively reduce the risk of the space between two adjacent battery cells in the same row being too small. This will cause the risk of thermal runaway spread, and at the same time, avoid excessive waste of space in the box due to excessive spacing between two adjacent battery cells in the same row, which will help improve the energy density of the battery while taking into account battery safety.
  • 1mm ⁇ C ⁇ 2.5mm 1mm ⁇ C ⁇ 2.5mm.
  • the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells in the same row is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm, which can further reduce the risk caused by the small distance between two adjacent battery cells in the same row. Risk of thermal runaway propagation.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation member is K, satisfying K ⁇ 0.1W/m ⁇ K.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation piece is less than or equal to 0.1W/m ⁇ K, which is conducive to ensuring the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation piece, thereby improving the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation piece.
  • the material of the thermal insulation member includes at least one of mica, asbestos, aerogel, foam plastic, and silica gel.
  • the material of the heat insulation part can be one or a combination of two or more of mica, asbestos, aerogel, foam plastic, and silica gel.
  • the material of the heat insulation part directly affects the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation part, thereby Affecting the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation piece, the material technology of the heat insulation piece in this application is mature, and can effectively ensure the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation piece, and is highly practical.
  • this application provides an electrical device, including the battery described in any of the above solutions, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a partial front view of the battery in the first state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a partial front view of the battery in the second state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a partial front view of the battery in the third state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a partial front view of the battery in the fourth state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Marking description 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-battery cell; 11-first battery cell; 12-second battery cell; 13-third battery cell; 20-box; 21-first part ; 22-Second part; 23-accommodating cavity; 30-thermal management member; 31-first surface; 32-second surface; 40-heat insulation member; M-plane; ⁇ -contact angle; 200-controller; 300-motor.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • the term “plurality” refers to two or more (including two).
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc.
  • the battery cells are cylindrical in shape.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including multiple battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel or mixed connection to directly form a battery.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells can also be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery cell group, and then multiple battery cell groups can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery.
  • the battery may include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • Fluid, the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly can be a rolled structure or a laminated structure.
  • the inventor in order to improve the space utilization of the battery and thereby increase the energy density of the battery, the inventor, after careful research, designed a battery such that the diameter of the battery cell and the receiving cavity of the box are perpendicular to the center of the battery cell.
  • the ratio of the plane M area of the axis does not exceed 25 ⁇ 10 -6 to make the space utilization in the box more reasonable, effectively reduce the waste of space in the box, improve the space utilization rate of the box, and thereby effectively increase the energy density of the battery.
  • the batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be used, but are not limited to, in electrical equipment such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts, and the batteries disclosed in the present application may be used to form the power supply system of the electrical equipment.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • the battery described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the above-described electrical devices, but can also be applied to all electrical devices that use batteries. However, for the sake of simplicity of description, the following embodiment is based on an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for explanation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to power the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 10 and a box 20.
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in the box 20.
  • the box 20 includes a first part 21 and a second part 22.
  • the first part 21 and the second part 22 cover each other to form a receiving cavity 23, and a plurality of battery cells 10 are placed in the battery cavity.
  • the shape of the first part 21 and the second part 22 may be determined according to the shape of the combination of multiple battery modules, and the first part 21 and the second part 22 may each have an opening.
  • both the first part 21 and the second part 22 may be hollow rectangular parallelepipeds with only one open surface.
  • the openings of the first part 21 and the second part 22 are arranged oppositely, and the first part 21 and the second part 22 are interlocked to form
  • the box 20 has a closed accommodation cavity 23, or the second part 22 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped with only one open surface.
  • the first part 21 is plate-shaped, and the first part 21 is fastened to the open surface of the second part 22 to form a box 20.
  • the box 20 has a closed cavity.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are connected in parallel or in series or in mixed combination and then placed in the box 20 formed by fastening the first part 21 and the second part 22 .
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 10 and a box 20.
  • the number of battery cells 10 is multiple, and the battery
  • the cell 10 is cylindrical, and the box 20 has a receiving cavity 23.
  • the receiving cavity 23 is used to receive a plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the area of the receiving cavity 23 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is: S, the diameter of a single battery cell 10 is A, satisfying A/S ⁇ 25 ⁇ 10 -6 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 can be arranged in multiple rows in the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 .
  • the central axes of the plurality of battery cells 10 are parallel to each other.
  • the diameter of each battery cell 10 is approximately the same. Any two adjacent rows can be arranged in rows.
  • the battery cells 10 can be arranged staggered to each other.
  • the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 in the accommodation cavity 23 refers to the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the plurality of battery cells 10 .
  • Test conditions The area S of the accommodation cavity 23 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is 2239839mm 2 , and the diameter of the battery cell 10 is equal to 15mm to 60mm. The results are shown in the table below.
  • the box The area utilization rate of the body 20 reaches more than 70%, when the ratio of the diameter A of the battery cell 10 to the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is less than 20.1 ⁇ 10 -6 , the area utilization rate of the box 20 decreases as the ratio of the diameter A of the battery cell 10 to the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 decreases. Gradually tending to a balance, the area utilization rate of the box 20 can be maintained above 60%.
  • the area of the box 20 is utilized The ratio gradually decreases with the increase of the ratio of the diameter A of the battery cell 10 to the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 until it is less than 60%, as above
  • the box 20 The area utilization rate dropped to 50.1%.
  • this application controls the ratio of the diameter A of the battery cell 10 to the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 to a range of less than or equal to 25 ⁇ 10 -6 within so that the battery 100 can have higher space utilization.
  • the area utilization rate of the box 20 (the number of battery cells 10 in the box 20 ⁇ the cross-sectional area of a single battery cell) / the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 is perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10
  • the area S on the plane M, and the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is constant, the final number of battery cells 10 in the box 20 and the battery
  • the diameter of the monomer 10 is inversely related.
  • the ratio of the diameter A of the battery cell 10 to the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is controlled to A/S ⁇ 25 ⁇ 10 -6 , so that It is beneficial to reduce the waste of corner areas in the box 20 and increase the number of battery cells 10 arranged in the box 20 so that the battery 100 has a higher space utilization rate and achieves the effect of increasing the energy density of the battery 100 .
  • the diameter A of a single battery cell 10 is ⁇ 15 mm.
  • the diameter of the battery cell 10 is set to be greater than or equal to 15 mm, which can effectively avoid the risk of increasing the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the battery cell 10 .
  • 1500000mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 3000000mm 2 1500000mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 3000000mm 2 .
  • the area S of the receiving cavity of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is between 2000000 mm 2 and 2500000 mm 2 .
  • the receiving cavity of the box 20 is on a vertical plane M.
  • the area S on the plane M on the central axis of the battery cell 10 may be 2239839 mm 2 or 2020688 mm 2 .
  • the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is between 1,500,000 mm 2 and 3,000,000 mm 2 , which effectively ensures the area of the accommodation cavity 20 of the box 20 and enables the battery 100 to remain relatively large. High power and performance.
  • Figure 3 is a partial front view of the battery in the first state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 also includes a thermal management member 30.
  • the thermal management member 30 is disposed adjacent to Between two rows of battery cells 10; the thickness of the thermal management member 30 is B, satisfying 0.06 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 0.14.
  • the thermal management member 30 is used to contain fluid to adjust the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the thermal management member 30 may contain a cooling medium to adjust the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the thermal management component 30 may also be called a cooling component, cooling system, cooling plate, liquid cooling plate, etc.
  • the thermal management member 30 can also be used for heating, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Wherein, the fluid may be circulated to achieve better temperature regulation effect.
  • the thermal management member 30 may be in the shape of a flat tube.
  • the flat tube-shaped thermal management member 30 includes a first surface 31 and a second surface 32 that are opposite to each other along its thickness direction. Both the first surface 31 and the second surface 32 have a plurality of arc-shaped slots, and the battery cells 10 are disposed in the arc-shaped slots and are in direct or indirect contact with the thermal management member 30 .
  • the thermal management member 30 may be in a wavy shape corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the battery cell 10, and the thermal management member 30 is disposed on the corresponding surface. Between two adjacent rows of battery cells 10, temperature management is performed with the above-mentioned two adjacent rows of battery cells 10.
  • the thickness of the thermal management member 30 refers to the linear distance between the first surface 31 and the second surface 32 .
  • the material of the thermal management member 30 can be copper, aluminum, etc. with good thermal conductivity.
  • the thickness of the thermal management component 30 directly affects the thermal management effect of the battery 100 .
  • the thermal management component 30 occupies space within the box 20 , thus affecting the space occupancy rate of the box 20 .
  • Test conditions Take the diameter A of the battery cell 10 as 45mm, the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 as 2239839mm 2 , and take the highest value of the battery cell 10 when the battery 100 is fast charged.
  • Temperature measures the thermal management effect of the battery 100 (the lower the maximum temperature of the battery cell 10 when the battery 100 is fast-charging, the more prominent the thermal management effect of the thermal management component 30 on the charging temperature of the battery 100). The results are as shown in the following table:
  • the maximum temperature of the battery cell 10 decreases as the B/A ratio increases during fast charging.
  • the ratio of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 is greater than 0.14, the area utilization rate of the box 20 is reduced.
  • the ratio of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 is less than 0.06, the maximum temperature of the battery cell 10 during fast charging is higher than 60°C.
  • the ratio of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 is controlled between 0.06 and 0.14, which can effectively ensure the thermal management effect of the thermal management member 30 and enable the battery 100 to have high space utilization.
  • the ratio of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 can be controlled between 0.065 and 0.135, which is advantageous without having a greater impact on the space utilization of the battery 100 . , further ensuring the thermal management effect of the thermal management component 30 on the battery 100 .
  • a thermal management member 30 is provided between two adjacent rows of battery cells 10.
  • the thermal management member 30 manages the temperature of the battery cells 10 so as to heat or cool the battery cells 10 according to the influence of the battery 100 usage environment or other factors. To ensure the stability of the performance of the battery cell 10.
  • the arrangement of the thermal management component 30 will directly affect the space utilization of the battery 100. However, if the thickness of the thermal management component is too small, it will directly affect the structural strength of the thermal management component 30 and fail to meet the structural strength requirements of the overall battery 100, and will As a result, the flow rate of the fluid in the thermal management member 30 is too small and cannot meet the temperature management requirements of the battery 100; and if the thickness of the thermal management member 30 is too large, it will cause redundancy and waste of heat exchange energy, and more importantly, excessive Occupying more space in the box 20 affects the space occupancy rate and reduces energy density.
  • This application controls the ratio of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 between 0.06 and 0.14, effectively reducing the risk of insufficient structural strength and substandard fluid flow caused by insufficient thickness of the thermal management member 30.
  • the thermal management component 30 is prevented from occupying too much space in the box 20 , which is beneficial to improving the space occupancy rate of the overall battery 100 , thereby ensuring the energy density of the battery 100 .
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 located in the same row is C, which satisfies 0.1 ⁇ (B+C)/A ⁇ 0.145.
  • the thermal management member 30 is disposed between the nth row of battery cells 10 and the n+1th row of battery cells 10 , where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 1, and the n+1th row of battery cells 10 10 includes a first battery cell 11 and a second battery cell 12, where C is the minimum distance between the outer peripheral surface of the first battery cell 11 and the outer peripheral surface of the second battery cell 12.
  • the straight line where the minimum distance is located passes through the center of the circle of the first battery cell 11 and the second battery cell 12 .
  • the minimum distance between any two battery cells in the nth row is C, and the minimum distance between any two battery cells in the n+1th row is also C.
  • the above definition of the first battery cell The body 11 and the second battery cell 12 are only for convenience of understanding.
  • the diameter A of the battery cell 10 is 45mm
  • the area S of the accommodation cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is 2239839mm 2
  • the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 is Three sets of values are taken within its range, namely 3mm, 4.5mm and 6mm.
  • the thermal management effect of battery 100 is measured by the maximum temperature of battery cell 10 when battery 100 is fast charged.
  • the lower the value the more prominent the thermal management effect of the thermal management component 30 on the charging temperature rise of the battery 100. The results are as shown in the following table:
  • Table 3 The area utilization rate and thermal energy of the box 20 corresponding to the ratio of the sum of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 and the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 Management effectiveness test results
  • This application controls the ratio of (B+C)/A between 0.1 and 0.145, which can effectively ensure the thermal management effect of the thermal management component 30 on the battery 100, and at the same time enable the battery 100 to have a high space utilization rate.
  • the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 and the ratio between the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 and the diameter A between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row The ratio of the sum of the minimum distances C to the diameter A of the battery cell 10 is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.145.
  • the battery cell 10 When the ratio range of the diameter of the cylindrical battery cell 10 and the thickness of the thermal management member 30 is determined, the battery cell 10
  • the size and diameter of the contact angle ⁇ with the thermal management member 30 affects the thermal management effect of the battery cell 10 , where the contact angle ⁇ refers to the central angle corresponding to the outer surface of the portion of the battery cell 10 that is in contact with the thermal management member 30 angle, the greater the contact angle ⁇ between the battery cell 10 and the thermal management member 30, the larger the area of the battery cell 10 covered by the thermal management member 30, and the better the thermal management effect of the battery cell 10.
  • the contact angle ⁇ between the battery cells 10 and the thermal management member 30 will be too small, resulting in insufficient thermal management effect and causing the battery 100 to overheat during fast charging. If the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row is too large, the area utilization of the battery pack will be affected.
  • This application limits the ratio of the sum of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 and the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row to the diameter A of the battery cell 10, which can effectively reduce the relationship between the battery cells 10 and heat.
  • the risk of the contact angle ⁇ of the management member 30 being too small is to effectively ensure the thermal management effect, and at the same time, avoid the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 and the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row from being relatively large. And the space inside the box 20 is wasted.
  • the value of C may be between 0.5mm ⁇ C ⁇ 3.5mm. In other embodiments, the value of C may be between 1mm ⁇ C ⁇ 2.5mm.
  • the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row is too small. If one of the battery cells 10 undergoes thermal runaway, the battery cells 10 adjacent to the battery cell 10 that undergoes thermal runaway will be susceptible to damage. Thermal runaway also occurs due to the influence of thermal runaway. If the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row is too large, too much space will be wasted and the area utilization of the battery will be affected.
  • Controlling the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row between 0.5mm and 3.5mm can effectively reduce the risk of thermal runaway spread between two adjacent battery cells in the same row. , avoid occupying too much space, and are conducive to improving the energy density of the battery 100 while taking into account the safety of the battery 100 .
  • FIG. 4 is a partial front view of the battery in the second state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 in different rows is For D, it satisfies, 1mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2.5mm.
  • the battery 100 is defined to include the n+1th row of battery cells 10 and the n+2nd row of battery cells 10.
  • the n+1th row of battery cells 10 is in phase with the n+2th row of battery cells 10. adjacent and with gaps, the battery cells 10 in the n+1th row include second battery cells 12, and the battery cells 10 in the n+2th row include third battery cells 13, wherein the second battery cells 12 and The third battery cells 13 are adjacent, and D is the minimum distance between the outer peripheral surface of the second battery cell 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the third battery cell 13 .
  • the straight line where the minimum distance is located passes through the center of the circle of the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13 .
  • This application sets the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells 10 in different rows between 1 mm and 2.5 mm, which can effectively reduce the risk of mutual diffusion between battery cells 10 in different rows during thermal runaway.
  • the space utilization rate of the battery 100 is taken into consideration, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery 100 while taking into account the safety of the battery 100 .
  • 1.5mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2.5mm 1.5mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2.5mm.
  • Controlling the minimum distance D between two adjacent battery cells 10 in different rows between 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm is helpful to further reduce the risk of mutual diffusion between battery cells 10 in different rows during thermal runaway.
  • Figure 5 is a partial front view of the battery in the third state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 also includes a heat insulator 40.
  • the heat insulator 40 is disposed adjacent to The minimum distance between two rows of battery cells 10 , in which the two rows of battery cells 10 are in contact with the same heat insulator 40 , is E, satisfying 0.5 mm ⁇ E ⁇ 2.5 mm.
  • the heat insulation member 40 refers to a component with a low thermal coefficient that can block heat transfer.
  • the heat insulation member 40 can adopt a variety of implementation structures, for example, it can be a silicone pad, an aerosol pad, etc. with good heat insulation effect.
  • the heat insulator 40 is disposed between the n+1th row of battery cells 10 and the n+2th row of battery cells 10, and the n+1th row of battery cells 10 and the n+2th row of battery cells 10
  • the battery cells 10 are adjacent, the battery cells 10 in the n+1th row include the second battery cells 12, and the battery cells 10 in the n+2nd row include the third battery cells 13, wherein the second battery cells 13 12 is adjacent to the third battery cell 13 , and E is the minimum distance between the outer peripheral surface of the second battery cell 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the third battery cell 13 .
  • the straight line where the minimum distance is located passes through the center of the circle of the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13 .
  • the minimum distance between the battery cells 10 in the n+1th row and the battery cells 10 in the n+2th row, and between any two adjacent battery cells 10 in different rows, is E.
  • the above definitions of the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13 are only for convenience of understanding.
  • a heat insulator 40 is disposed between two adjacent rows of battery cells 10.
  • the heat insulator 40 can insulate the two adjacent rows of battery cells 10 located on both sides of the heat insulator 40, thereby preventing different rows of battery cells 10 from being heated. Temperature transfer is formed between the battery cells 10, which effectively reduces the impact of the battery cells 10 on adjacent rows of battery cells 10 when thermal runaway occurs. Due to the arrangement of the heat insulator 40, the impact on batteries in different rows when thermal runaway occurs is effectively reduced. There is a risk of mutual diffusion between cells 10. In order to improve space utilization, the minimum distance between two adjacent rows of battery cells 10 provided with heat insulators 40 can be controlled between 0.5mm and 2.5mm to ensure heat insulation. While effectively reducing the installation space of the component 40, the waste of space of the box 20 is effectively reduced.
  • Controlling the minimum distance between two adjacent rows of battery cells 10 with heat insulators 40 at 1 mm to 2 mm is conducive to further ensuring the thickness of the heat insulators 40 after compression, thereby ensuring the heat insulation effect, and at the same time, further reducing the Waste of space.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial front view of a battery in the fourth state provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in multiple rows, with two rows of battery cells each. 10 forms a battery unit.
  • the battery 100 also includes a thermal management member 30 and a thermal insulation member 40.
  • the thermal management member 30 is disposed between two adjacent battery units, and the thermal insulation member 40 is disposed on two rows of battery cells 10 of the battery unit. between.
  • the thickness of the thermal management member 30 is B
  • the minimum distance between two rows of battery cells 10 of the battery unit is E
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row is C, which satisfies, (B+C+E)/A ⁇ 0.16.
  • the battery 100 is defined to include the n-1th row of battery cells 10, the nth row of battery cells 10, the n+1th row of battery cells 10 and the n+2th row of battery cells 10, where the nth row of battery cells 10 -The first row of battery cells 10 and the n-th row of battery cells 10 form a first battery unit, the n+1-th row of battery cells 10 and the n+2-th row of battery cells 10 form a second battery unit, and the thermal management member 30
  • the thermal management member 30 is disposed between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, that is, the thermal management member 30 is disposed between the nth row of battery cells 10 and the n+1th row of battery cells 10, and the heat insulation member 40 is disposed between the n-th row of battery cells 10. Between the first row of battery cells 10 and the nth row of battery cells 10 and/or between the n+1th row of battery cells 10 and the n+2th row of battery cells 10.
  • the battery cells 10 in the (n+1)th row include a first battery cell 11 and a second battery cell 12, and C is the distance between the outer peripheral surface of the first battery cell 11 and the outer peripheral surface of the second battery cell 12. the minimum spacing.
  • the straight line where the minimum distance is located passes through the center of the circle of the first battery cell 11 and the second battery cell 12 .
  • the battery cells 10 in the n+2th row include a third battery cell 13, where the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13 are adjacent, and E is the outer peripheral surface of the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13. The minimum distance between the outer peripheral surfaces of the battery cells 13.
  • the straight line where the minimum distance is located passes through the center of the circle of the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13 .
  • the minimum distance between any two battery cells in any row is C, and between the battery cells 10 in the n+1th row and the battery cells 10 in the n+2th row, any distance between them is C.
  • the minimum distance between two rows of adjacent battery cells 10 is E.
  • the above definition of the first battery cell 11 , the second battery cell 12 and the third battery cell 13 is only for convenience of understanding.
  • the structure and principle of the thermal management member 30 may be the same as the aforementioned thermal management member 30
  • the structure and principle of the heat insulation member 40 may be the same as the aforementioned heat insulation member 40 .
  • Test conditions The diameter A of the battery cell 10 is 45mm, and the area S of the receiving cavity 23 of the box 20 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is 2239839mm 2 .
  • the results are as shown in the following table:
  • Table 4 The area utilization results of the box 20 corresponding to the ratio of the sum of the thickness B of the thermal management member 30 and the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row to the diameter A of the battery cell 10
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row is C, satisfying 0.5mm ⁇ C ⁇ 3.5mm.
  • no heat insulation member 40 or thermal management member 30 is provided between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row.
  • the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row exceeds hour, if one of the battery cells 10 undergoes thermal runaway, the battery cells 10 adjacent to the battery cell 10 that undergoes thermal runaway are easily affected by thermal runaway and will also undergo thermal runaway.
  • the minimum distance between the cells 10 is too large, space is easily wasted.
  • This application controls the minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row to be between 0.5mm and 3.5mm, which can effectively reduce the risk of excessively small spacing between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row. causing the risk of thermal runaway spread. At the same time, it avoids excessive waste of space in the box 20 due to excessive spacing between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row, which is conducive to improving the safety of the battery 100 while taking into account the safety of the battery 100. Energy Density.
  • 1mm ⁇ C ⁇ 2.5mm The minimum distance C between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm, which can further reduce the spread of thermal runaway caused by too small a distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row. risks of.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation member 40 is K, satisfying K ⁇ 0.1W/m ⁇ K.
  • Thermal conductivity refers to the heat flux under unit temperature gradient. It can be understood that the greater the thermal conductivity, the better the thermal conductivity of the heat insulator 40, but the worse the heat insulation performance of the heat insulator 40.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation member 40 of the present application is less than or equal to 0.1 W/m ⁇ K, which is beneficial to ensuring the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation member 40, thereby improving the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation member 40.
  • the material of the heat insulation member 40 includes at least one of mica, asbestos, aerogel, foam plastic, and silica gel.
  • the material of the heat insulation piece 40 can be one of mica, asbestos, aerogel, foam plastic, and silica gel.
  • the heat insulation piece 40 can be a heat insulation piece 40 made of airgel or a heat insulation piece made of silica gel. 40 or a heat insulation piece 40 made of foam plastic; of course, the heat insulation piece 40 can also be made of a combination of at least two materials selected from mica, asbestos, aerogel, foam plastic, and silica gel.
  • the material of the heat insulating piece 40 directly affects the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating piece 40 , thereby affecting the heat insulation effect of the heat insulating piece 40 .
  • the material technology of the heat insulating piece 40 in this application is mature and can effectively ensure the heat insulation of the heat insulating piece 40 Effective and practical.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 20, a heat insulation member 40, a thermal management member 30 and a plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the battery cells 10 are cylindrical.
  • the box 20 has an accommodating cavity 23 for accommodating a plurality of battery cells 10 , and the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged in multiple rows in the accommodating cavity 23 . Every two rows of battery cells 10 form a battery unit, the thermal management member 30 is disposed between two adjacent battery cells, and the heat insulation member 40 is disposed between the two rows of battery cells 10 of the battery unit.
  • the diameter of the battery cell 10 is A
  • the area of the accommodation cavity 23 on the plane M perpendicular to the central axis of the battery cell 10 is S
  • the thickness of the thermal management member 30 is B
  • the two rows of battery cells of the battery unit are
  • E the minimum distance between two adjacent battery cells 10 in the same row. It satisfies that A ⁇ 15mm, 1500000mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 3000000mm 2 , A/S ⁇ 25 ⁇ 10 -6 , 0.06 ⁇ B/A ⁇ 0.14, 0.5mm ⁇ C ⁇ 3.5mm, 0.5mm ⁇ E ⁇ 2.5mm, 0.1 ⁇ (B+C)/A ⁇ 0.145, (B+C+E)/A ⁇ 0.16 .
  • the battery 100 in the embodiment of the present application effectively ensures the safety of the battery 100, reduces the risk of thermal runaway of the battery cells 10 increasing due to mutual diffusion, and effectively ensures the temperature management effect of the thermal management component 30 on the battery 100. , and enables the battery 100 to have a high space utilization rate, effectively improving the safety performance and energy density of the battery 100 .
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including the battery 100 of the above solution, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池及用电装置，电池包括：电池单体，电池单体的数量为多个，且电池单体为圆柱形；箱体，具有容纳腔，容纳腔用于收容多个电池单体；其中，容纳腔在垂直于电池单体的中心轴线的平面上的面积为S，单个电池单体的直径为A，满足，A/S≤25×10 -6。本申请将电池单体的直径A与箱体的容纳腔在垂直于电池单体的中心轴线的平面上的面积S的比值控制在A/S≤25×10 -6，有利于降低箱体内的边角区域面积的浪费，有效提高电池的空间利用率，达到提高电池的能量密度的效果。

Description

电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
提升电池的能量密度是目前电池产业发展的一个重要方向，而通过提高电池箱体内的空间利用率可以有效提升电池的能量密度，但现有电池空间利用率低，严重限制电池的能量密度的提升。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池及用电装置，该电池能够有效提高空间利用率，有利于大幅度提高电池的能量密度。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括：电池单体，所述电池单体的数量为多个，且所述电池单体为圆柱形；箱体，具有容纳腔，所述容纳腔用于收容多个所述电池单体；其中，所述容纳腔在垂直于所述电池单体的中心轴线的平面上的面积为S，单个所述电池单体的直径为A，满足，A/S≤25×10 -6。
上述技术方案中，电池单体为圆柱形，电池包括箱体和多个电池单体，多个电池单体排列于电池箱体内，电池单体的中心轴线相互平行，因圆柱形电池单体的横截面为圆形，所以在箱体的容纳腔的垂直于电池单体的中心轴线的平面面积一定的情况下，如果单个电池单体直径过大，则会大量浪费箱体内的边角区域面积，且导致箱体可容纳电池单体的数量下降，从而导致箱体的面积利用率降低，本申请将电池单体的直径A与箱体的容纳腔在垂直于电池单体的中心轴线的平面上的面积S的比值控制在A/S≤25×10 -6，有利于降低箱体内的边角区域面积的浪费，提高箱体排布电池单体的数量，有效提高电池的空间利用率，达到提高电池的能量密度的效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，单个所述电池单体的直径A≥15mm。
上述技术方案中，电池单体的直径大于等于15mm，原因在于电池单体的直径越小，电池单体的制造难度越大，且在电池的箱体面积一定的情况下，要达到同样的空间利用率，电池单体的排列数量就会越多，会导致整体电池的制造成本增加，本申请将电池单体的直径设置为大于等于15mm，可有效规避增加电池单体的制造难度和制造成本的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，1500000mm 2≤S≤3000000mm 2。
上述技术方案中，箱体的容纳腔在垂直于电池单体的中心轴线的平面上的面积S在1500000mm 2和3000000mm 2之间，有效保证电池的规格的通用性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池还包括：热管理件，所述热管理件设置在相邻两排电池单体之间；其中，所述热管理件的厚度为B，满足0.06≤B/A≤0.14。
上述技术方案中，相邻两排电池单体之间设置热管理件，热管理件对电池单体进行温度管理，以便于根据电池使用环境或其他因素的影响为电池单体加热或降温，以保证电池单体性能的稳定性，热管理件的设置会直接影响电池的空间利用率，但如果热管理部件的厚度过小，则会直接影响热管理件的结构强度，无法满足整体电池的结构强度要求，且会导致流体在热管理件内的流量过小，无法达到电池温度管理的要求；而如果热管理件的厚度过大，则会造成换热能量冗余及浪费，且更重要的是过多占用箱体内的空间，影响空间占用率，损失能量密度，本申请的热管理件的厚度B与电池单体的直径A的比值大于等于0.06并小于等于0.14，这样的设置，能够有效降低热管理件厚度不足而引起的结构强度不足和流体流量不达标的风险，同时避免热管理件占用过多箱体空间，有利于提高电池的空间占用率，从而保证电池的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，位于同一排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为C，满足，0.1≤(B+C)/A≤0.145。
上述技术方案中，基于热管理件的厚度B与电池单体的直径A的比值大于等于0.06并小于等于0.14的前提，热管理件的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体的直径A的比值大于等于0.1且小于等于0.145，在圆柱形的电池单体的直径以及热管理件厚度比值范围确定的状态下，电池单体与热管理件的接触角度越大，则电池单体受热管理件覆盖的面积越大，电池单体与热管理效果越强，而位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C过小时，会使电池单体与热管理件的接触角度过小，从而导致热管理效果不足，使得电池在快充时温度过高，而位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C过大时，会影响电池包面积利用率，本申请限定热管理件的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体的直径A的比值，能够有效降低电池单体与热管理件的接触角度过小的风险，从而有效保证热管理效果，同时，避免热管理件的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C相对过大而浪费电池箱体内的空间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，位于不同排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为D，满足，1mm≤D≤2.5mm。
上述技术方案中，位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距D大于等于1mm并小于等于2.5mm，也就是说，不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间预留有间隙，上述间隙是指未装配热管理件的不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距，如果位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距D过小，则某个电池单体发生热失控时，由于高温影响，容易导致与之相邻排的电池单体发生热失控；但如果位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距D过大，则会过多浪费电池箱体内的空间，从而影响电池的空间利用率，本申请将位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距D设置在1mm至2.5mm之间，可有效降低热失控时不同排的电池单体之间相互扩散的风险，同时兼顾电池的空间利用率，有利于在兼顾电池安全性的同时提高电池的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，1.5mm≤D≤2.5mm。
上述技术方案中，将位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距D设置在1.5mm至2.5mm之间，有利于进一步降低热失控时不同排的电池单体之间相互扩散的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池还包括：隔热件，所述隔热件设置于相邻两排所述电池单体之间；其中，与同一个所述隔热件相接触的两排所述电池单体之间的最小间距为E，满足，0.5mm≤E≤2.5mm。
上述技术方案中，相邻两排电池单体之间设置隔热件，隔热件能够对位于隔热件两侧的相邻的两排电池单体起到隔热的作用，避免不同排的电池单体之间形成温度传递，有效降低电池单体发生热失控时对与其相邻排的电池单体的影响，因隔热件的设置，有效降低了热失控时不同排电池单体之间相互扩散的风险，而为了提高空间利用率，设置有隔热件的相邻两排的电池单体的最小间距可以控制在0.5mm至2.5mm之间，保证隔热件的安装空间的同时有效降低对箱体的空间的浪费。
根据本申请的一些实施例，其中，1mm≤E≤2mm。
上述技术方案中，将设置有隔热件的相邻两排的电池单体的最小间距控制在1mm至2mm，有利于进一步保证隔热件的压缩后的厚度，从而保证隔热效果，同时，进一步降低对箱体的空间的浪费。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述多个电池单体排列成多排，每两排所述电池单体形成一个电池单元，所述电池还包括：热管理件，设置于相邻两个所述电池单元之间；隔热件，设置于所述电池单元的两排所述电池单体之间；其中，所述热管理件的厚度为B，所述电池单元的两排所述电池单体之间的最小间距为E，位于同一排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为C，满足，(B+C+E)/A≤0.16。
上述技术方案中，多个电池单体排列成多排，每两排电池单体够成一个电池单元，相邻两个电池单元之间设置热管理件，且电池单元的两排电池单体之间设置隔热件，也就是说，热管理件和隔热件交替设置在多排电池单体之间，这样的设置便于使得电池内的电池单体均只与一个热管理件接触，有利于保证电池的电池单体的热管理的均衡性，未设置热管理件的相邻两排电池单体之间设置隔热件，有利于降低未设施热管理件的相邻两排电池单体之间发生热失控时相互影响的风险，本申请将热管理件的厚度B、电池单元的两排电池单体之间的最小间距E以及位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体的直径A的比值控制0.16以下，避免过多浪费箱体内的空间，有利于保证空间利用率，从而保证电池的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，同一排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为C，满足，0.5mm≤C≤3.5mm。
上述技术方案中，同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C大于等于0.5mm且小于等于3.5mm，可有效降低同排相邻两个电池单体之间的间距过小而造成热失控扩散的风险，同时，避免同排相邻两个电池单体之间的间距过大而过多浪费箱体的空间，有利于在兼顾电池安全性的同时提高电池的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，1mm≤C≤2.5mm。
上述技术方案中，同一排的相邻两个电池单体之间的最小间距C大于等于 1mm且小于等于2.5mm，可进一步降低同排相邻两个电池单体之间的间距过小而造成热失控扩散的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述隔热件的导热系数为K，满足，K≤0.1W/m·K。
上述技术方案中，隔热件的导热系数小于等于0.1W/m·K，有利于保证隔热件的隔热性能，从而提高隔热件的隔热效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述隔热件的材质包括云母、石棉、气凝胶、泡沫塑料、硅胶中的至少一种。
上述技术方案中，隔热件的材质可以为云母、石棉、气凝胶、泡沫塑料、硅胶中的一种或两种以上的组合，隔热件的材质直接影响隔热件的导热系数，从而影响隔热件的隔热效果，本申请的隔热件的材质技术成熟，且能够有效保证隔热件的隔热效果，实用性强。
第二方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括上述任一方案所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的第一状态的电池的局部主视图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第二状态的电池的局部主视图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的第三状态的电池的局部主视图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的第四状态的电池的局部主视图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-电池单体；11-第一电池单体；12-第二电池单体；13-第三电池单体；20-箱体；21-第一部分；22-第二部分；23-容纳腔；30-热管理件；31-第一表面；32-第二表面；40-隔热件；M-平面；α-接触角度；200-控制器；300-马达。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“设置”“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接、信号连接；可以是直接相连或通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各 种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等。电池单体呈圆柱形状。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联、并联或者混联直接组成电池，混联指的是，多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体也可以先串联、并联或者混联组成电池单体组，多个电池单体组再串联、并联或者混联组成电池。电池可以包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。本申请中，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构。
提升电池的能量密度是目前电池产业发展的一个重要方向，发明人注意到，由多个圆柱形电池单体排列组成的电池，经常存在空间利用率低的问题，而电池箱体空间利用率低会直接影响电池的能量密度。
经过发明人仔细研究发现，因圆柱形电池单体的横截面为圆形，多个圆柱形电池单体排列后，会有一定的空间无法利用而造成浪费，如果电池单体的直径相较于箱体较大，则浪费的箱体的空间越多，且箱体内排列的电池单体的数量也会受到限制，从而进一步加重空间浪费，导致电池能量密度的提升受限严重。
鉴于此，为了提高电池的空间利用率，从而提高电池的能量密度，发明人经过仔细研究，设计了一种电池，使电池单体的直径与箱体的容纳腔的垂直于电池单体的中心轴线的平面M面积的比值不超过25×10 -6，以使箱体内的空间利用更加合理，有效降低箱体内的空间浪费，提高箱体的空间利用率，从而有效提高电池的能量密度。
本申请实施例公开的电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中，可以使用本申请公开的电池形成该用电设备的电源系统。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
本申请的实施例描述的电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池的用电装置，但为描述简洁，以下实施例以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在其他一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供动力。
如图2所示，图2示出的是本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100包括多个电池单体10和箱体20，多个电池单体10排列于箱体20内。箱体20包括第一部分21和第二部分22，第一部分21和第二部分22相互盖合后形成容纳腔23，多个电池单体10放置于电池腔内。其中，第一部分21和第二部分22的形状可以根据多个电池模块组合的形状而定，第一部分21和第二部分22可以均具有一个开口。例如，第一部分21和第二部分22均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，第一部分21和第二部分22的开口相对设置，并且第一部分21和第二部分22相互扣合形成具有封闭的容纳腔23的箱体20，或者，第二部分22可以为中空长方体且只有一个面为开口面，第一部分21呈板状，第一部分21扣合于第二部分22的开口面形成具有封闭腔室的箱体20，多个电池单体10相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于第一部分21和第二部分22扣合后形成的箱体20内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请继续参照图2，本申请一些实施例提供了一种电池100，电池100包括电池单体10和箱体20，电池单体10的数量为多个，且电池单体10为圆柱形，箱体20具有容纳腔23，容纳腔23用于收容多个电池单体10，其中，容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积为S，单个电池单体 10的直径为A，满足，A/S≤25×10 -6。
其中，多个电池单体10可以呈多排排列于箱体20的容纳腔23内，多个电池单体10的中心轴线相互平行，各电池单体10的直径大致相同，任意相邻两排的电池单体10可以相互错位排列。
容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M是指垂直于多个电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M。
为了测试电池单体10的直径A与容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S之间的比值对电池100的空间利用率的影响，进行了如下测试：
测试条件：取容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S为2239839mm 2，电池单体10的直径从15mm至60mm等差取值，结果如下表所示。
表1电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值对应的电池100的箱体20的面积利用率的测试结果
A(mm) S(mm 2) A/S(10 -6) 面积利用率
15 2239839 6.7 65.5％
20 2239839 8.9 65.3％
25 2239839 11.2 63.7％
30 2239839 13.4 64.7％
35 2239839 15.6 69.8％
40 2239839 17.9 67.9％
45 2239839 20.1 71.2％
50 2239839 22.3 70.0％
55 2239839 24.6 63.3％
60 2239839 26.8 50.1％
由上述的测试结果可知，电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值在20.1×10 -6时，箱体20的面积利用率达到70％以上，当电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值小于20.1×10 -6时，箱体20的面积利用率随电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值的减小而逐渐趋于平衡，使得箱体20的面积利用率能够保持在60％以上。
而当电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值大于20.1×10 -6时，箱体20的面积利用率随电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积 S的比值的增大而逐渐减小直至低于60％，如上表所示，当电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值到达26.8×10 -6时，箱体20的面积利用率下降至50.1％。
因此，本申请将电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值控制在小于等于25×10 -6的范围内，以便于电池100能够具有较高的空间利用率。
其中，箱体20的面积利用率＝(箱体20内电池单体10的数量×单个电池单体的横截面面积)/箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S，箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S一定的情况下，箱体20内最终的电池单体10的数量与电池单体10的直径成负相关。
本申请将电池单体10的直径A与箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S的比值控制在A/S≤25×10 -6，有利于降低箱体20内的边角区域面积的浪费，提高箱体20排布电池单体10的数量，以使电池100具有较高的空间利用率，达到提高电池100的能量密度的效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，单个电池单体10的直径A≥15mm。
电池单体10的直径越小，则电池单体10的制造难度越大，且在箱体20的面积一定的情况下，要达到同样的空间利用率，电池单体10的排列数量就会越多，会导致整体电池100的制造成本增加，本申请将电池单体10的直径设置为大于等于15mm，可有效规避增加电池单体10的制造难度和制造成本的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，1500000mm 2≤S≤3000000mm 2。
在一些实施例中，箱体20的容纳腔在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S在2000000mm 2至2500000mm 2之间，示例性的，箱体20的容纳腔在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S可以为2239839mm 2，也可以为2020688mm 2。
箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S在1500000mm 2和3000000mm 2之间，有效保证箱体20的容纳腔的面积，使得电池100能够保持较高的功率及性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的第一状态的电池的局部主视图，电池100还包括热管理件30，热管理件30设置在相邻两排电池单体10之间；其中，热管理件30的厚度为B，满足0.06≤B/A≤0.14。
热管理件30用于容纳流体以给多个电池单体10调节温度，在给电池单体10降温的情况下，该热管理件30可以容纳冷却介质以给多个电池单体10调节温度，此时，热管理件30也可称为冷却件、冷却系统、冷却板、液冷板等。另外，热管理件30也可以用于加热，本申请实施例对此并不限定。其中，所述流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。
为了增加热管理件30和电池单体10的接触面积，热管理件30可以呈扁管状，呈扁管状的热管理件30包括沿其厚度方向彼此相对的第一表面31和第二表面32，第一表面31和第二表面32均具有多个弧形卡槽，电池单体10设置在弧形卡槽内与热管理件30直接或间接接触。
可以理解的是，在“相邻两排电池单体10相互错位设置”的实施形式中，热管理件30可以为与电池单体10的外周面相对应的波浪形，热管理件30设置在相邻两排电池单体10之间，以与上述相邻两排的电池单体10进行温度管理。
热管理件30的厚度指第一表面31和第二表面32之间的直线距离。热管理件30的材质可以为导热性能好的铜、铝等。
当电池100包括热管理件30时，热管理件30的厚度直接影响电池100的热管理效果，同时，热管理件30占用箱体20内的空间，从而影响箱体20的空间占用率。
为了测试热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A之间的比值对电池100的空间利用率和热管理效果的影响，进行了如下测试：
测试条件：取电池单体10的直径A为45mm，容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S为2239839mm 2，以电池100快充时电池单体10的最高温度衡量电池100的热管理效果(电池100快充时电池单体10的最高温度越低，代表热管理件30对电池100的充电升温的热管理效果越突出)，结果如下表所示：
表2热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A的比值对应的电池100的箱体20的面积利用率和热管理效果的测试结果
B(mm) A(mm) B/A 面积利用率 快充时电池单体的最高温度T(℃)
1.5 45 0.033 71.2％ 68.0
2 45 0.044 71.2％ 65.5
2.5 45 0.056 71.2％ 62.9
2.7 45 0.06 71.2％ 60.0
3 45 0.067 71.2％ 59.1
3.5 45 0.078 71.2％ 58.5
4 45 0.089 71.2％ 57.8
4.5 45 0.100 71.2％ 57.2
5 45 0.111 71.2％ 56.9
5.5 45 0.122 71.2％ 55.5
6 45 0.133 71.2％ 54.9
6.5 45 0.144 57％ 50.5
7 45 0.156 57％ 49.8
由上述的测试结果可知，快充时电池单体10的最高温度随B/A的比值的增大而降低。而当热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A的比值大于0.14时，箱体20的面积利用率降低。当热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A的比值小于0.06时，快充时电池单体10的最高温度高于60℃。
热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10直径A的比值控制在0.06至0.14之间，能够有效保证热管理件30的热管理效果，同时使得电池100具有较高的空间利用率。
在一些实施例中，热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A的比值可以控制在0.065至0.135之间，有利于在不对电池100的空间利用率产生较大的影响的前提下，进一步保证热管理件30对电池100的热管理效果。
相邻两排电池单体10之间设置热管理件30，热管理件30对电池单体10进行温度管理，以便于根据电池100使用环境或其他因素的影响为电池单体10加热或降温，以保证电池单体10性能的稳定性。
热管理件30的设置会直接影响电池100的空间利用率，但如果热管理部件的厚度过小，则会直接影响热管理件30的结构强度，无法满足整体电池100的结构强度要求，且会导致流体在热管理件30内的流量过小，无法达到电池100温度管理的要求；而如果热管理件30的厚度过大，则会造成换热能量冗余及浪费，且更重要的是过多占用箱体20内的空间，影响空间占用率，损失能量密度。
本申请将热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A的比值控制在0.06至0.14之间，有效降低热管理件30厚度不足而引起的结构强度不足和流体流量不达标的风险，同时避免热管理件30占用过多箱体20空间，有利于提高整体电池100的空间占用率，从而保证电池100的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请继续参照图3，位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距为C，满足，0.1≤(B+C)/A≤0.145。
为了方便理解，定义热管理件30设置于第n排电池单体10和第n+1排电池单体10之间，其中n为大于或等于1的自然数，第n+1排的电池单体10包括第一电池单体11和第二电池单体12，其中，C为第一电池单体11的外周面和第二电池单体12的外周面之间的最小间距。
其中，最小间距所在直线经过第一电池单体11和第二电池单体12的圆心。
需要说明的是，第n排的任意两个电池单体之间的最小间距为C，第n+1排的任意两个电池单体之间的最小间距也为C，上述定义第一电池单体11和第二电池单体12仅为了方便理解。
为了测试热管理件30的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体10的直径A的比值对电池100的空间利用率和热管理效果的影响，进行了如下测试：
测试条件：取电池单体10的直径A为45mm，箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S为2239839mm 2，热管理件30的厚度B在其范围内取三组数值，分别为3mm、4.5mm和6mm，以电池100快充时电池单体10的最高温度衡量电池100的热管理效果，电池100快充时电池单体10的最高温度越低，代表热管理件30对电池100的充电升温的热管理效果越突出，结果如下表所示：
表3热管理件30的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体10的直径A的比值对应的箱体20的面积利用率和热管理效果的测试结果
Figure PCTCN2022093134-appb-000001
由上述的测试结果可知，快充时电池单体10的最高温度随(B+C)/A的比值的增大而降低，同时，当(B+C)/A的比值小于0.1时，快充时电池单体10的最高温度高于60℃，而当(B+C)/A的比值大于0.145时，箱体20的面积利用率下降。
本申请将(B+C)/A的比值控制在0.1至0.145之间，能够有效保证热管理件 30对电池100的热管理效果，同时使得电池100具有较高的空间利用率。
基于热管理件30的厚度B与电池单体10的直径A的比值大于等于0.06并小于等于0.14的前提，热管理件30的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体10的直径A的比值大于等于0.1且小于等于0.145，在圆柱形的电池单体10的直径以及热管理件30厚度比值范围确定的状态下，电池单体10与热管理件30的接触角度α的大小直径影响电池单体10的热管理效果，其中，接触角度α是指电池单体10的与热管理件30接触部分的外表面所对应的圆心角的角度，电池单体10与热管理件30的接触角度α越大，则电池单体10受热管理件30覆盖的面积越大，电池单体10的热管理效果越好，而位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C过小时，会使电池单体10与热管理件30的接触角度α过小，从而导致热管理效果不足，使得电池100在快充时温度过高，而位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C过大时，会影响电池包的面积利用率。
本申请限定热管理件30的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体10的直径A的比值，能够有效降低电池单体10与热管理件30的接触角度α过小的风险，从而有效保证热管理效果，同时，避免热管理件30的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C相对过大而浪费箱体20内的空间。
其中，C的取值可以为0.5mm≤C≤3.5mm之间，在另一些实施例中，C的取值可以为1mm≤C≤2.5mm之间。
同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C过小，如果其中有电池单体10发生热失控，则与发生热失控的电池单体10相邻的电池单体10容易受到热失控影响而同样发生热失控，如果同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C过大，则会浪费过多空间，影响电池的面积利用率。
将同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C控制在0.5mm和3.5mm之间，可有效降低同排相邻两个电池单体之间造成热失控扩散的风险，同时，避免占用过多空间，有利于在兼顾电池100安全性的同时提高电池100的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的第二状态的电池的局部主视图，位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距为D，满足，1mm≤D≤2.5mm。
为了方便理解，定义电池100包括第n+1排电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10，第n+1排的电池单体10和第n+2排的电池单体10相邻且具有间隙，第n+1排的电池单体10包括第二电池单体12，第n+2排的电池单体10包括第三电池单体13，其中，第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13相邻，D为第二电池单体12的外周面和第三电池单体13的外周面之间的最小间距。
可以理解的是，最小间距所在直线经过第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13的圆心。
需要说明的是，第n+1排电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10之间未设置热管理件30。第n+1排的电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10之间，任意位于不同排 的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距都为D，上述定义第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13仅为了方便理解。
如果位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距D过小，则某个电池单体10发生热失控时，由于高温影响，容易导致与之相邻排的电池单体10发生热失控；但如果位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距D过大，则会过多浪费箱体20内的空间，从而影响电池100的空间利用率。
本申请将位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距D设置在1mm至2.5mm之间，可有效降低热失控时不同排的电池单体10之间相互扩散的风险，同时兼顾电池100的空间利用率，有利于在兼顾电池100安全性的同时提高电池100的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，1.5mm≤D≤2.5mm。
将位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距D控制在1.5mm至2.5mm之间，有利于进一步降低热失控时不同排的电池单体10之间相互扩散的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的第三状态的电池的局部主视图，电池100还包括隔热件40，隔热件40设置于相邻两排电池单体10之间，其中，与同一个隔热件40相接触的两排电池单体10之间的最小间距为E，满足，0.5mm≤E≤2.5mm。
隔热件40指导热系数低的能够阻隔热传递的部件，隔热件40可以采用多种实施结构，比如，可以是隔热效果好的硅胶垫、气溶胶垫等。
为了便于理解，定义隔热件40设置于第n+1排电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10之间，第n+1排的电池单体10和第n+2排的电池单体10相邻，第n+1排的电池单体10包括第二电池单体12，第n+2排的电池单体10包括第三电池单体13，其中，第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13相邻，E为第二电池单体12的外周面和第三电池单体13的外周面之间的最小间距。
可以理解的是，最小间距所在直线经过第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13的圆心。
需要说明的是，第n+1排的电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10之间，任意位于不同排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距都为E，上述定义第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13仅为了方便理解。
相邻两排电池单体10之间设置隔热件40，隔热件40能够对位于隔热件40两侧的相邻的两排电池单体10起到隔热的作用，避免不同排的电池单体10之间形成温度传递，有效降低电池单体10发生热失控时对与其相邻排的电池单体10的影响，因隔热件40的设置，有效降低了热失控时不同排电池单体10之间相互扩散的风险，而为了提高空间利用率，设置有隔热件40的相邻两排的电池单体10的最小间距可以控制在0.5mm至2.5mm之间，保证隔热件40的安装空间的同时有效降低对箱体20的空间的浪费。
根据本申请的一些实施例，其中，1mm≤E≤2mm。
将设置有隔热件40的相邻两排的电池单体10的最小间距控制在1mm至 2mm，有利于进一步保证隔热件40的压缩后的厚度，从而保证隔热效果，同时，进一步降低空间浪费。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的第四状态的电池的局部主视图，多个电池单体10排列成多排，每两排电池单体10形成一个电池单元，电池100还包括热管理件30和隔热件40，热管理件30设置于相邻两个电池单元之间，隔热件40设置于电池单元的两排电池单体10之间。其中，热管理件30的厚度为B，电池单元的两排电池单体10之间的最小间距为E，位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距为C，满足，(B+C+E)/A≤0.16。
为了便于理解，定义电池100包括第n-1排电池单体10、第n排电池单体10，第n+1排电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10，其中，第n-1排电池单体10和第n排电池单体10形成第一电池单元，第n+1排电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10形成第二电池单元，热管理件30设置在第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间，即热管理件30设置在第n排电池单体10和第n+1排电池单体10之间，隔热件40设置于第n-1排电池单体10和第n排电池单体10之间和/或第n+1排电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10之间。
其中，第n+1排的电池单体10包括第一电池单体11和第二电池单体12，C为第一电池单体11的外周面和第二电池单体12的外周面之间的最小间距。
可以理解的是，最小间距所在直线经过第一电池单体11和第二电池单体12的圆心。
第n+2排的电池单体10包括第三电池单体13，其中，第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13相邻，E为第二电池单体12的外周面和第三电池单体13的外周面之间的最小间距。
可以理解的是，最小间距所在直线经过第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13的圆心。
需要说明的是，任意一排的任意两个电池单体之间的最小间距均为C，第n+1排的电池单体10和第n+2排电池单体10之间，任意位于不同排的且相邻的两个电池单体10之间的最小间距都为E，上述定义第一电池单体11、第二电池单体12和第三电池单体13仅为了方便理解。
其中，热管理件30的结构和原理可以与前述的热管理件30相同，隔热件40的结构和原理可以与前述的隔热件40相同。
为了测试热管理件30的厚度B、电池单元的两排电池单体10之间的最小间距E以及位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体10的直径A的比值对电池100的空间利用率的影响，进行了如下测试：
测试条件：取电池单体10的直径A为45mm，箱体20的容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积S为2239839mm 2，结果如下表所示：
表4热管理件30的厚度B和同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C之和与电池单体10的直径A的比值对应的箱体20的面积利用率结果
A(mm) B(mm) C(mm) (B+C)/A E(mm) (B+C+E)/A 面积利用率
45 3 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.11 71.2％
45 3 1.5 0.10 1 0.12 71.2％
45 3 1.5 0.10 1.5 0.13 71.2％
45 3 1.5 0.10 2.5 0.16 71.2％
45 3 2.5 0.12 1.5 0.16 71.2％
45 3 2.5 0.12 2.5 0.18 57.0％
45 3 3.5 0.14 0.5 0.16 71.2％
45 3 3.5 0.14 1.5 0.18 57.0％
45 3.5 1.5 0.11 1.5 0.14 71.2％
45 3.5 1.5 0.11 2.5 0.17 57.0％
45 3.5 1.5 0.11 1.5 0.14 71.2％
45 4 1.5 0.12 1.5 0.15 71.2％
45 4 1.5 0.12 2.5 0.17 57.0％
45 4.5 1.5 0.13 0.5 0.14 71.2％
45 4.5 2 0.14 1 0.17 57.0％
45 5.5 1 0.14 0.5 0.16 71.2％
45 6 0.5 0.14 0.5 0.16 71.2％
由上述的测试结果可知，当(B+C+E)/A的比值大于0.16时，电池100的面积利用率下降，本申请将(B+C+E)/A的比值控制在0.16及以下，能够使得电池100具有较高的空间利用率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距为C，满足，0.5mm≤C≤3.5mm。
可以理解的是，同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间不设置有任何隔热件40或热管理件30，当同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距过小时，如果其中有电池单体10发生热失控，则与发生热失控的电池单体10相邻的电池单体10容易受到热失控影响而同样发生热失控，当同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距过大时，容易造成空间浪费。
本申请将同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C控制在0.5mm和3.5mm之间，可有效降低同排相邻两个电池单体10之间的间距过小而造成热失控扩散的风险，同时，避免同排相邻两个电池单体10之间的间距过大而过多浪费箱体20的空间，有利于在兼顾电池100安全性的同时提高电池100的能量密度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，1mm≤C≤2.5mm。同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距C大于等于1mm且小于等于2.5mm，可进一步降低同排相邻两个电池单 体10之间的间距过小而造成热失控扩散的风险。
可以理解的是，基于0.5mm≤E≤2.5mm且(B+C+E)/A≤0.16的实施形式，如果电池100同时满足0.5mm≤C≤3.5mm，则整体电池100能够在有效兼顾电池100安全性的同时提高电池100的空间利用率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，隔热件40的导热系数为K，满足，K≤0.1W/m·K。
导热系数是指单位温度梯度下的热通量，可以理解的是，导热系数越大，隔热件40的导热性越好，而隔热件40的隔热性能越差。
本申请的隔热件40的导热系数小于等于0.1W/m·K，有利于保证隔热件40的隔热性能，从而提高隔热件40的隔热效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，隔热件40的材质包括云母、石棉、气凝胶、泡沫塑料、硅胶中的至少一种。
隔热件40的材质可以是云母、石棉、气凝胶、泡沫塑料、硅胶中的一种，比如隔热件40可以为气凝胶制成的隔热件40、硅胶制成的隔热件40或泡沫塑料制成的隔热件40；当然，隔热件40也可以由云母、石棉、气凝胶、泡沫塑料、硅胶中的至少两种材质组合制成。
隔热件40的材质直接影响隔热件40的导热系数，从而影响隔热件40的隔热效果，本申请的隔热件40的材质技术成熟，且能够有效保证隔热件40的隔热效果，实用性强。
请参照图2和图6，本申请一些实施例提供一种电池100，电池100包括箱体20、隔热件40、热管理件30和多个电池单体10，电池单体10为圆柱形。箱体20具有容纳腔23，容纳腔23用于收容多个电池单体10，多个电池单体10排列成多排设置在容纳腔23内。每两排电池单体10形成一个电池单元，热管理件30设置于相邻两个电池单元之间，隔热件40设置于电池单元的两排电池单体10之间。
其中，电池单体10的直径为A，容纳腔23在垂直于电池单体10的中心轴线的平面M上的面积为S，热管理件30的厚度为B，电池单元的两排电池单体10之间的最小间距为E，位于同一排的相邻两个电池单体10之间的最小间距为C，满足，A≥15mm，1500000mm 2≤S≤3000000mm 2，A/S≤25×10 -6，0.06≤B/A≤0.14，0.5mm≤C≤3.5mm，0.5mm≤E≤2.5mm，0.1≤(B+C)/A≤0.145，(B+C+E)/A≤0.16。
本申请实施例的电池100，有效保证电池100的安全性，降低电池单体10热失控是相互扩散而导致热失控范围增大的风险，且有效保证热管理件30对电池100的温度管理效果，并使电池100具有较高的空间利用率，有效提高电池100的安全性能和能量密度。
本申请的一些实施例提供一种用电装置，包括上述方案的电池100，电池100用于提供电能。
其中，用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池单体，所述电池单体的数量为多个，且所述电池单体为圆柱形；
    箱体，具有容纳腔，所述容纳腔用于收容多个所述电池单体；
    其中，所述容纳腔在垂直于所述电池单体的中心轴线的平面上的面积为S，单个所述电池单体的直径为A，满足，A/S≤25×10 -6。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，单个所述电池单体的直径A≥15mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，1500000mm 2≤S≤3000000mm 2。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括：
    热管理件，所述热管理件设置在相邻两排电池单体之间；
    其中，所述热管理件的厚度为B，满足0.06≤B/A≤0.14。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，位于同一排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为C，满足，0.1≤(B+C)/A≤0.145。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的电池，其中，位于不同排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为D，满足，1mm≤D≤2.5mm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，1.5mm≤D≤2.5mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括：
    隔热件，所述隔热件设置于相邻两排所述电池单体之间；
    其中，与同一个所述隔热件相接触的两排所述电池单体之间的最小间距为E，满足，0.5mm≤E≤2.5mm。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其中，1mm≤E≤2mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的电池，其中，多个所述电池单体排列成多排，每两排所述电池单体形成一个电池单元，所述电池还包括：
    热管理件，设置于相邻两个所述电池单元之间；
    隔热件，设置于所述电池单元的两排所述电池单体之间；
    其中，所述热管理件的厚度为B，所述电池单元的两排所述电池单体之间的最小间距为E，位于同一排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为C，满足，(B+C+E)/A≤0.16。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池，其中，同一排的相邻两个所述电池单体之间的最小间距为C，满足，0.5mm≤C≤3.5mm。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，1mm≤C≤2.5mm。
  13. 根据权利要求8至10任一项所述的电池，其中，所述隔热件的导热系数为K，满足，K≤0.1W/m·K。
  14. 根据权利要求8至10任一项所述的电池，其中，所述隔热件的材质包括云母、石棉、气凝胶、泡沫塑料、硅胶中的至少一种。
  15. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/093134 2022-05-16 2022-05-16 电池及用电装置 WO2023220884A1 (zh)

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