TW201004042A - Receive antenna for wireless power transfer - Google Patents

Receive antenna for wireless power transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201004042A
TW201004042A TW98115923A TW98115923A TW201004042A TW 201004042 A TW201004042 A TW 201004042A TW 98115923 A TW98115923 A TW 98115923A TW 98115923 A TW98115923 A TW 98115923A TW 201004042 A TW201004042 A TW 201004042A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
antenna
wireless charging
power
transmitter
circuit
Prior art date
Application number
TW98115923A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alireza H Mohammadian
Sreenivas Kasturi
Miles Alexander Lyell Kirby
Ernest T Ozaki
Stanley S Toncich
Allen Minh-Triet Tran
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Inc
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Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Publication of TW201004042A publication Critical patent/TW201004042A/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0715Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including means to regulate power transfer to the integrated circuit
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10158Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
    • G06K7/10178Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field including auxiliary means for focusing, repeating or boosting the electromagnetic interrogation field
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14Inductive couplings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26Inductive coupling using coils
    • H04B5/266One coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/48Transceivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/72Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/50Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H02J50/502Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices the energy repeater being integrated together with the emitter or the receiver
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)

Description

201004042 六、發明說明: 依據35 U.S.C. §119之優先權主張 本申請案依據35 U.S.C. §119(e)主張以下各案的優先 權: 於2008年6月11日申請之題為 「REVERSE LINK SIGNALING VIA RECEIVE ANTENNA IMPEDANCE MODULATION」的美國臨時專利申請案61/060,735 ; 於2008年6月11日申請之題為「SIGNALING CHARGING IN WIRELESS POWER ENVIRONMENT」的美國臨時專利 申請案 61/060,738 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「ADAPTIVE TUNING MECHANISM FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/053,008 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「EFFICIENT POWER MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS POWER CHARGING SYSTEMS」的美國臨時專利申請案 61/053,010 ; 於2008年6月11日申請之題為「TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL FOR A WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/060,741 ; 於2008年5月13曰申請之題為「REPEATERS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的 美國臨時專利申請案61/053,000 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FOR APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENTS」的美 140361.doc 201004042 國臨時專利申請案61/053,004 ; 於2008年7月16日申請之題為「WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING NEGATIVE RESISTANCE」的美國臨 時專利申請案61/081,332 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「EMBEDDED RECEIVE ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的美國 臨時專利申請案61/053,012 ;及 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「PLANAR LARGE AREA WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM」的美國臨時專利申請案 61/053,015 。 【先前技術】 無線電力傳輸領域之方法包括使用諸如電感性充電塾之 電感,其中電感耦合發生於該墊與待充電之器件之Μ。_ 而’除了電力之受體(接收點)與硬接線至電力源(出線座) 之插線之間的幾英忖之最後_合外’此方法並未有效地減 少對傳輸電力之電線的需要。 用於無線電力傳輸之另一種方法推薦使用傳送至—傳送 天線之遠場的電力。然而,此種方法之致率非常低,因為 經傳送電力與自傳送天線至接收點之距離的平方成比例地 衰減。 用於無線電力傳輸之另一種方法使用〜所產生之近場來 將電力自兩個緊密耦合天線之系統中的〜諧振天線傳輸至 另一諧振天線。然而’此種方法需要的天線過大以致不能 配合於在電力傳輸系統之接收端中的多數攜帶型器件(諸 140361.doc 201004042 如膝上型電腦、PDA或無線手機)中。舉例而言,在一 無線電力傳輪實驗中,在類似地成型而具有300 mm之半徑 及 200 古 ώ: « 、 <回度且相隔約2公尺的傳送天線與接收天線之 間’此里傳輪效率為約百分之4〇。當該等天線中之一者實 質丨生小於另—者時,效率進一步減少。歸因於此大小失配 的效率導致能量傳輸效率顯著減少到低於百分之1 0。 此外’接收天線定位在電屏蔽或基於肥粒鐵之區上時亦 ‘致效率減少。特定言之,肥粒鐵材料為導致無線電力傳 輸之較低效率的有損材料。因此,需要一種將電力傳輸之 效率擴展至較小尺寸之接收天線的接收天線及附著至其的 器件。 ^ 【實施方式】 詞語「例示性」在本文中用以意謂「充當實例、例子或 例示」。本文中描述為「例示性」之任何實施例不必被理 解為比其他實施例較佳或有利。 在下文結合附圖陳述之詳細描述意欲作為對本發明之例 不性貫施例的描述且不意欲表示可實踐本發明的唯一實施 例。在此描述各處所使用之術語「例示性」意謂「充當實 例、例子或例示」且將不必被理解為比其他例示性實施= 較佳或有利。該詳細描述包括特定細節以便達成提供對本 發明之例示性實施例之澈底理解的目的◦熟習此項技術者 將明瞭可在無此等特定細節之情況下實踐本發明之例示性 實施例。在一些,1兄了 ’以方塊圖形A來展#熟知結構及 态件以便避免使本文所呈現之例示性實施例的新穎性不、、主 140361.doc 201004042 楚。 詞語「無線電力」在本文中用以意謂在不使用實體電磁 導體之情況下自傳送器傳送至接收器的與電場、磁場、帝 磁場或其他者相關聯的任何形式之能量。 电 圖1說明根據本發明之久磁如-α — 乃之各種例不性貫施合'i的無線傳送或 充電系統100。將輸入電力102提供至傳送器1〇4以供產生 用於提供能量傳輸之輕射場1〇6。一接收器⑽搞合至輕射
場106且產生一輪出電力110以供耦接至輸出電力110之P 件(未圖示)儲存或消耗。傳送器刚與接收器⑽相隔㈣ 在例不生貝施例中,根據相互譜振關係來組態傳 送器⑽及接收器⑽’且在接收器1〇8之譜振頻率與傳送 盗1〇4之譜振頻率完全相同時,當接收器⑽位於輕射場 ⑽之:近場」+日夺,傳送器1〇4與接收器1〇8之間的傳送 4貝失為最小的。 傳送器104進一牛6 k m , … V匕括一用於提供用於能量傳送之構件 旦#ιϋϋm ’且接收器1G8進—步包括用於提供用於能 里,收之構件的接收天線118。根據應用及將與之相關聯 之益件來對傳送天線及接收天線定尺寸。如所陳述,藉由 :傳、天、.泉之近場中的大部分能量轉合至接收天線而非以 备、波形式將多數能量傳播至遠場來進行有效能量傳輸。 人^易中日令,可在傳送天線114與接收天線!丨8之間形 成# ° &式。在天線114及11 8四周此近場輕合可發生的區 域在本文中被稱作耦合模式區。 …、、’泉電力傳輸系統之簡化示意圖。傳送器1 〇4包 140361 .doc 201004042 括一振蘯器122、一功率放大器124及一濾波及匹配電路 1 26。該振盪器經組態以在所要頻率下產生,可回應於調 整信號123來調整該所要頻率。可藉由功率放大器124以一 回應於控制信號125之放大量來放大振盪器信號。遽波及 匹配電路126可經包括以濾出諧波或其他不想要之頻率且 將傳送器1 〇4之阻抗與傳送天線丨丨4匹配。 接收器可包括一匹配電路132及一整流及切換電路以產 生一 DC電力輸出以對電池136(如圖2所示)充電或對耦接至 接收器之器件(未圖示)供電。匹配電路丨32可經包括以將接 收器108之阻抗與接收天線118匹配。 外來實體器件。此外, 於心區域内。另外,一 如圖3所說明,例示性實施例中所使用之天線可組態為 「%形」天線1 50,其在本文中亦可被稱作「磁性」天 線。環形天線可經組態以包括一空心或實體心(諸如,肥 粒鐵心)。空心環形天線可更好地容許放置於該心附近之 空心環形天線允許其他組件放
收天線而非將能量自傳送 一"、心j扣%嘴I州i域中的接 天線傳播至自由空間中來進行能 140361.doc 201004042 置1寻爾 線中之電减^之谐振頻率係基於電感及電容。環形天 電感通常僅為由該環形天線產生之電感而通常將 振至^天線之電感以在所㈣振頻率下產生-譜 =二一非限制性實例,可將電容器152及電容器 "〃天線以建立—產生諧振信號156的諧振電路。 六的大/於較大直徑之環形天線而言,誘發義所需之電 小隨料形天線之直徑或電感增加而減小。此外, ==天線或磁性天線之直徑增加,近場之有效能量傳 紅域增加。當然,其他魏電路為可能的。作為另 限制性實例,一雪交哭-Γ、,/- 電奋1" 了亚仃地放置於環形天線之兩個端 ’另外,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,對於傳送 天線,諧振信號156可為環形天線.15〇之輸入。 、,' 本發明之例示性實施例包括在處於彼此之近場中的兩個 天線之間輕合電力。如所陳述,近場為在天線四周磁場存 在但不可傳播或輻射遠離該天線的區域。其通常限制於接 近該天線之實體體積的體積。在本發明之例示性實施例 中,磁性型天線(諸如,單阻環形天線及多阻環形天線)用 於傳送(ΤΧ)及接收(Rx)天線系統兩者,因為與電型天線(諸 如,小偶極)之電近場相比,磁性型天線之磁近場振幅傾 向於較高。此允許該對天線之間的潛在較高耦合。此外, 亦預期「電」天線(例如,偶極及單極)或磁性天線與電天 線之組合。
Tx天線可在足夠低之頻率下及在天線大小足夠大之情況 140361.doc 201004042 下操作,以㈣頁著大於由+先所《及之遠場及電感方法允 許之距離的距離下達成至小仗乂天線之良好耦合(例如, 則在主機器件上之RX天 dB)。若對Tx天線正確地定尺寸 線放置於受驅動Tx環形天線之耦合模式區(亦即,在近場 中)内時,可達成高耦合程度(例如,_2至_4(18)。
圖4展示指示傳送天線與#收天線之間的耦合強度的模 擬結果。曲線17G及172分別指示傳送天線及接收天線之電 力接受的量測。換言之,在大負數之情況下,存在非常緊 後、之阻抗匹配,且吝盤雪士 # # 夕數電力被接受且因此由傳送天線輕 射。相反,小負數指示多數雷六 «丨义双电刀被自天線反射回’因為在 給定頻率下不存在腎穷γ ^ «'廿隹茱么阻抗匹配。在圖4中,調諧傳送天
線及接收天線以使之且右的〗q ς A I尤心/、有約13.50 MHz之諧振頻率。 曲線17 〇說明在各個頻率處之自傳送天線傳送之電力 量。因此’在對應於約13·528廳及13 593職的點^及 h處,多數電力被反射且不傳送到傳送天線外。缺而,在 對應於約13.56MHZ之點M,可相,大量電力被接受 且傳送到天線外。 :員二地’曲線172說明在各個頻率處由接收天線接收之 電力量。因此’在對應於約13 528肠及13 M3驗的點 lb及3b處’多數電力妓射且*經由接收天線傳送及進入 接收器曰中 '然而’在對應於約13 56廳之點财,可看 i大里$力被接收天線接受且傳送至接收器中。 天二1:74指不在經由傳送天線自傳送器傳送、經由接收 線接收且傳送至接收器後在接收器處接收到的電力量。 140361.doc 201004042 U °隹對應於約528 MHz及13.593 MHz之點卜及孔 處’傳送出傳送器外之電力的多數在接收器處為不可用 的’因為⑴傳送天線拒絕自傳送器傳送至其之多數電力及 ⑺傳送天線與接收天線之間的搞合隨著頻率偏離諧振頻率 而效率降低。然:而,在對應於約13 56 MHz之點〜處,可 看到,自傳送器傳送之大量電力在接收器處為可用的,指 示傳送天線與接收天線之間的高耦合程度。 、圖5A及圖58展示根據本發明之例示性實施ί列的用於傳 送天線及接收天線之環形天線的布局。可以許多不同方式 ^组態環形天線,在廣泛各種大小下具有單個環或多個 環。另外,該等環可呈許多不同形狀,諸如(僅舉例)圓 形、橢圓形、正方形及矩形。圖5錢明大正方形環形傳送 天線114S及小正方形環形接收天線118,小正方形環形接 收天線118與傳送天線1143放置於相同平面中且接近於傳 送天線114S之中心。圖5B說明大圓形環形傳送天線n4c 及小正方形環形接收天線118ι,小正方形環形接收天線 118’與傳送天線U4C放置於相同平面中且接近於傳送天線 114C之中心。正方形環形傳送天線1148具有邊長「叫,而 圓形環形傳送天線i UC具有直徑「φ」。對於正方形環形 而言,可展示存在等效圓形環形,其直徑可界定為:
Oeq^^a/TT0 圖6展示指示與圖4A及圖4B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種周圍有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的耦 合強度的模擬結果。因此,曲線18〇展示在圓形環形傳送 140361.doc •10· 201004042 天線114C之各種周圍大小下圓形環形傳送天線1 i4c與接收 天線11 8之間的耦合強度。類似地,曲線丨82展示在正方形 環形傳送天線114 S之各種等效周圍大小下正方形環形傳送 天線114S與接收天線118,之間的耦合強度。 圖7展示指示與圖5A及圖5B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種表面積有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果。因此,曲線19〇展示在圓形環形傳 送天線114 C之各種表面積下圓形環形傳送天線〗丨4 c與接收 天線118之間的耦合強度。類似地,曲線192展示在正方形 環形傳送天線ms之各種表面積下正方形環形傳送天線 114S與接收天線118,之間的耦合強度。 圖8展示接收天線㈣於傳送天線之各種放置點以說明 在共面及同軸放置下之麵合強纟。如本文所❹,「共 面」意謂傳送天線與接收天線具有大體上對準之平面(亦 即’具有指向大體上相同之方向的表面法線)且傳送天線 與接收天線之平面之間不具有距離(或具有小距離)。如本 文所使用’「同軸」意謂傳送天線與接收天線具有大體上 對準之平面(亦即,具有指向大體上相同之方向的表面法 線)且該兩個平面之間的距離並非細小的,且此外,傳送 天線與接收天線之表面法線大體上沿著相同向量延伸,或 該兩個法線排成梯形。 作為實例,點pl、p2、P3及P7為接收天線相對於傳送天 線之所有共面放置點。作為另一實例,點P5及p6為接收天 線相對於傳送天線之同轴放置點。下表展示在則所說明 140361.doc 201004042 之各個放置點(Pl至P7)處的耦合強度(S21)及耦合效率(表 不為自傳达天線傳送之到達接收天線的電力的百分數)。 表1
位置 ----- 距平面的距離(cm) S21效率(%) 效率(TX DC電力輸入 對RXDC電力輸出) pi 0 ~~ 46.8 28 ~~~ P2 0 ' 55.0 36 p3 0 ,r ----- 57.5 35 ρ4 2.5 49.0 30 — Ρ5 Τ7.5 ·— ---- 24.5 15 ~ ρ6 17.5 0.3 0.2 Ρ7_ 0 ' 5.9 3.4 -----J 如可看到,共面放置點pl、p2AP3皆展示 ::率。放置點亦為共面放置點,但在傳送環形天:: 心雖然放置點P7不具有高輕合效率,但很明顯存在—也 輕合且輕合模式區延伸超出傳送環形天線之周邊。 - 放置點P5與傳送天線同軸且展示相當大的_合效率1 點P5之麵合效率不如共面放置點之輕合效率—樣高。沙 而,放置點^之麵合效率為足夠高的,使得可在同輛❹ 之傳达天線與接收天線之間傳送大量電力。 放置點P4處於料天線之周_但在傳送天線之 方:些:距離處之一位置中,其可被稱作偏移 =即’表面法線在大體上相同之方向上但處於不 或偏移共面(亦即,表面法線在大體上相同之方向 面相對於彼此偏移)。自該表,可看到,在偏移距離為 i40361.doc 201004042 2.5 cm時,放置點p4仍具有相對良好之耦合效率。 放置點p6說明在傳送天線之周圍外部且處於傳送天線之 平面上方相當大距離處的放置點。如可自該表看到,放置 點P7展示傳送天線與接收天線之間的很少耦合效率。
圖9展示指示在傳送天線與接收天線之間的各種距離下 同軸放置的耦合強度的模擬結果。圖9之模擬係關於處於 同軸放置之正方形傳送天線及接收天線,其均具有約12 公尺之邊且處於丨0MHz之傳送頻率下。可看到,在距離小 於約0.5公尺時,耦合強度保持相當高且均一。 圖10為根據本發明之例示性實施例的傳送器的簡化方塊 圖。一傳送器200包括傳送電路2〇2及一傳送天線2〇4。大 體上,傳送電路202藉由提供一致使在傳送天線2〇4周圍產 生近場能量的振盪信號來將RF電力提供至傳送天線2〇4。 舉例而言,傳送器200可在〗3.56MHzISM頻帶處操作。 例示性傳送電路202包括一用於將傳送電路2〇2之阻抗 (例如,50歐姆)匹配至傳送天線2〇4的固定阻抗匹配電路 206 ’及一經組態以將諧波發射減少至防止耦接至接收器 08(圖1)之器件的自干擾的位準的低通m (L抒)期。 其他實施例可包括不同滤波器拓撲(包括但不限於使特定 頻率衰減而同時使其他頻率通過的陷波滤波器),且可包 括-適應性阻抗匹酉己,其可基於可量測傳送量度(諸如, 至天線之輸出電力或由功率放大器沒取之%電流)來改 變。傳送電路202進-步包 判定之RF信號的功率放大哭21(1棱、关φ 盈益12 大210。傳送電路可包含離散器 140361.doc 13 201004042 件或電路,或替代地,可包含整合式總成。一來自傳送天 線204之例示性RF電力輸出可為約2 5瓦。 傳送電路202進一步包括—處理器214,該處理器214用 於在特定接收器之傳送階段(或工作循環)期間致能振盪器 212、用於調整該振盪器之頻率,及用於調整用於實施通 L協定(用於經由鄰近器件所附接之接收器與鄰近器件互 動)的輸出電力位準。 傳运電路202可進一步包括一用於偵測在由傳送天線2〇4 產生之近场附近是否存在作用中之接收器的負載感測電路 216。舉例而言,一負載感測電路216監視流動至功率放大 器210之電流’其受在由傳送天線2〇4產生之近場附近的作 用中之接收器的存在與否影響。對功率放大器⑽上之負 載改變的偵測係由處理器214監視,叾用於判定是否致能 振i器212以傳送能量以與作用中之接收器通信。 傳送天線204可實施為天線條,其具有經選擇以使電 性損失保持為低的厚度、寬度及金屬類型。在習知實 中,傳送天線204可通常經組態以與較大結構(諸如,、 子、塾、燈或其他不便攜帶之組態)相關聯。因此 天線204通常將不需要「阻」以便為特定尺寸。傳送天 2〇4之例示性實施可為「電學上小的」(亦即,波長之分棄 且經調諸以藉由使用電容器來界㈣振頻率來在較低之 用頻率下譜振。在傳送天線2G4在直徑或邊 正 環形)上相對於純天線可為較大(例如, 方; 性摩用中,德、、,工& · A尺)的例: 應用巾#达天線2〇4將未必需要較大阻數以獲得合〕 I40361.doc •14- 201004042 電容。 圖π為根據本發明之實施例的接收器的方塊圖。—接收 器300包括接收電路3 〇2及一接收天線3〇4。接收器3〇〇進一 步耦接至器件350以向其提供所接收之電力。請注意將 接收器300說明為在器件350外部但可整合於器件35〇中。 通常,能量係無線地傳播至接收天線3〇4且接著經由接收 電路3 02而麵合至器件350。 ρ 接收天線304經調諧以在與傳送天線204(圖1〇)相同之頻 f 率下或幾乎相同之頻率下諧振。接收天線304可與傳送天 線204類似地定尺寸,或可基於相關聯器件35〇之尺寸來不 同地定尺寸。舉例而言,器件35〇可為具有小於傳送天線 204之直徑或長度的直徑或長度尺寸的攜帶型電子器件。 在此類實例中,接收天線304可實施為多匝天線以便減少 調諧電容器(未圖示)之電容值且增加接收天線之阻抗。舉 例而言,接收天線304可放置於器件35〇之實質周圍四周, ) 以便最大化天線直徑及減少接收天線之環形姐(亦即,繞 組)之數目及繞組間電容。 接收電路302提供與接收天線3〇4的阻抗匹配。接收電路 302包括用於將-所接收RF能量源轉換至供器件35〇使用之 充電電力的電力轉換電路306。電力轉換電路3〇6包括一 rf 至DC轉換器3〇8且亦可包括—D(^dc轉換器3ι〇。rf至 DC轉換器308將接收天線304處接收到iRF能量信號整流 至非父流電力,而DC至DC轉換器310將經整流之RF能量 信號轉換至可與器件350相容的能量勢(例如,電壓p涵蓋 140361.doc -15- 201004042 各獅至DC轉換器,包括部分及全整流器、調節 接器、倍加器以及線性及切換轉換器。 接收電路3〇2可進一纟包括用於將接收天線3〇4連接至電 :路T或替代地用於將電力轉換電路306斷開的切 換電路312。如下文更充分地解釋,將接收天線取盘 轉換電路306斷開不僅暫時尹止對器件35〇之充電,且 :傳送器(圖2)所「看到」之「負載」。如上文所揭示、: 傳送器扇包括負載感測電路216,其偵測提供至傳送 率放大器210之偏罾雷〉,*沾^ 電抓的波動。因此,傳送器200呈有用 於判定接收ϋ何時存在於傳送器之近場中的機制。 當多個接收⑸畴在於傳送器之近場中時,可希 一或多個接收器之負載及釦恭 卸載進仃㈣多卫以使其他接收 二-夠更有效地輕合至傳送器。亦可覆蓋一接收器以便消 除至其他附近之接收器之麵合或減少附近傳送器上 載。接收器之此「卸# A士士山a ' 卸戟」在本文中亦被稱為「覆蓋」。此 如下文更充分地解釋’由接收器3〇〇控制且由傳送哭 :_的卸載與負載之間的此切換提供了自接收器3〇〇: t达器2〇0的通信機制。另外,-協定可與該切換相關 骆’该協定致能自接收器3〇〇至傳送器2〇〇的訊息傳送。舉 例而言,切換速度可為約100微秒。 接j電路302可進-步包括用以識別接收到之能量波動 的毛U價測盗及信標電路314,該等能量波動可對應於 自傳送器至接收器之資訊性發信號。此外,發信號及信桿 電路314亦可用以偵測減少之RF信號能量(亦即,信標信 I40361.doc -16- 201004042 號)的傳送及將該減少之RFWt號能量整流成標稱電力以用 於喚醒接收電路3 0 2内之未供電或耗盡電力之電路以便組 態接收電路302以進行無線充電。 接收電路302進一步包括用於協調本文所描述之接收器 300之處理(包括對本文所描述之切換電路312的控制)的處 理器316。接收器300之覆蓋亦可在發生其他事件(包括偵 測到向器件350提供充電電力之外部有線充電源(例如,壁 ^ 式/USB電力))後發生。除了控制接收器之覆蓋外,處理器 、 3 1 6亦可監視信標電路3 14以判定一信標狀態及擷取自傳送 斋傳达之訊息。處理器316亦可調整〇(:至DC轉換器31〇以 獲得改良之效能。 圖12展示用於在傳送器與接收器之間進行訊息傳遞的傳 送電路之σ[5分的簡圖。在本發明之一些例示性實施例中, 可在傳送器與接收器之間致能用於通信之構件。在圖Η 中功率放大器21 〇驅動傳送天線204以產生輻射場。該功 {}率放,器由在對於傳送天線2〇4為所要之頻率下振盪的载 波信號220來驅動。使用傳送調變信號224來控制功率放大 益210之輸出。 傳送電路可藉由對功率放大器21〇使用一通/斷鍵控過程 來將信號傳送至接收器。換言之,在確定傳送調變信號 224時,功率放大器21〇將在傳送天線2〇4上驅動載波信號 220之頻率。在否定傳送調變信號時,功率放大器在傳 送天線204上將不驅動任何頻率。 圖12之傳送電路亦包括一將電力供應至功率放大器210 140361.doc 201004042 且產生-接收信號235輸出的負载感測電路2i6 測電路216中,跨電阻哭R夕啦广 貝戰攻 屯厂°°Rs之電壓降形成於信號226之電力 、率放大益210之電源228之間。功率放大器210所消耗 之電力的任何變化將引起將由差動放大器23〇放大的電麼 的k化§傳送天線與接收器(未展示於圖η中)中之接 收天線處於輕合模式時,由功率放大器沒取之電流量 將改變。換言之,若傳送天線加不存㈣合模式諸振, 則驅動輕射場所需之電力將為第—量。若存在轉合模式諸 振,則功率放大器210所消耗之電力量將上升,因為多數 電力輕合至接收天後中 同^ ^ T因此,如下文所解釋,接收天線 235可指示麵合至傳送天線235之接收天線的存在且亦引貞 測自接收天線傳送之信號。另外,接收器電流汲取之變化 可在傳送器之功率放大器電流沒取中觀測到,且如下文所 解釋,此變化可用以偵測來自接收天線之信號。 圖13Α至圖13C展示在各種狀態下之接收電路的一部分 的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。圖Μ至 圖13C皆展示相同電路元# a 包兀仵不同之處為各個開關之狀 態。接收天線304包括-特性電感u,其驅動節點35〇。節 點35〇經由開關S1A選擇性地轉接至接地端。節點35〇亦經 由開關S1B選擇性地耦接至二極體⑴及整流器]^。整流 器318將DC電力信號322供應至一接收器件(未圖示)以對該 接收器件供電、對電池充電,或其組合。二極體叫與電容 器C3及電阻器尺丨一同耦接至傳送信號32〇,傳送信號32〇 經濾波以移除諧波及不想要之頻率。因此,m、〇及幻之 140361.doc •18· 201004042 組合可在傳送信號320上產生—信號,其模仿由上文參看 圖12之傳送器來論述的傳送調變信號224產生的傳送調 變。 本發明之例示性實施例包括對接收器件之電流汲取的調 變及對接收天線之阻抗的調變以實現反向鏈路發信號。參 看圖13A及圖12兩者,在接收器件之電力汲取變化時,負 載感測電路216偵測傳送天線上之所得電力變化且由此 等變化可產生接收信號235。
可藉由修改開關S1A及 在圖13A至圖13C之實施例中 S2A之狀態來改變經由傳送器之電流汲取。在圖13八中, 開關S1A及開關S2A均斷開而產生一「Dc斷開狀態」且實 質上自傳送天線204移除負載。此減少傳送器所看到^ 流。 在圖13B中,開關S1A閉合且開關82八斷開,從而產生接 收天線304之「DC短路狀態」。因此,可使用圖UB中之狀 態來增加在傳送器中所看到之電流。 在圖13C中,開關S1A斷開且開關似閉合而產生一正常 接收模式(在本文巾耗稱作「Dc操作狀態」),其中電力 可由沉輸出信號322供應且可_到傳送信號咖。^圖 13C所不之狀態下,接收器接收—正常電力量,因此消耗 比DC斷開狀態或DC短路狀態時多或少的來自傳送天線之 電力。 態二 140361.doc 19 201004042 DC操作狀態(圖13(:)與1)(:斷開狀態(圖i3A)之間的切換來 實現。 、 圖14A至圖14C展示在各種狀態下之替代接收電路的一 部分的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。 圖14A至圖14C皆展示相同電路元件,+同之處為各個 開關之狀態。接收天線304包括一特性電感[1,其驅動節 點350。節點350經由電容器C1及開關S1B來選擇性地耦接 至接地端。節點350亦經由電容器<:2來八(:耦接至二極體 及整流器318。二極體D1與電容器C3及電阻器幻一同耦接 至傳送信號320,傳送信號320經濾波以移除諧波及不想要 之頻率。因此,D卜〇3及幻之組合可在傳送信號32〇上產 生一信號,其模仿由上文參看圖12之傳送器來論述的傳送 調變信號224產生的傳送調變。 整流器3 1 8連接至開關S2B,開關S2B與電阻器R2及接地 端串聯連接。整流器3 1 8亦連接至開關S3B。開關S3B之另 一側將DC電力信號322供應至一接收器件(未圖示)以對該 接收器件供電、對電池充電,或其組合。 在圖13A至圖13C中,藉由經由開關S1B選擇性地將接收 天線3 04辆接至接地端來改變該接收天線之dc阻抗。相對 照地’在圖14A至圖14C之實施例中,可藉由修改開關 SIB、S2B及S3B之狀態以改變接收天線304之aC阻抗來修 改天線之阻抗以產生反向鏈路發信號。在圖14A至圖14C 中’可藉由電容器C2來調諧接收天線3〇4之諧振頻率。因 此’可藉由使用開關S1B經由電容器C1來選擇性地耦接接 140361.doc -20- 201004042 收天線3〇4(基本上將譜振電路改變至將在與傳送天線最佳 耦合的範圍外的不同頻率)來改變接收天線3〇4的八(:阻抗。 右接收天線3 04之諧振頻率接近於傳送天線之諧振頻率, 且接收天線304處於傳送天線之近場中,則可形成一耦合 模式’其中接收器可自輕射場汲取顯著電力。 在圖14A中,開關s 1B閉合,此將天線去諧且產生一 「AC覆蓋狀態」,該「Ac覆蓋狀態」基本上「覆蓋」接收
天線304使之免於被傳送天線2〇4偵測到,因為接收天線不 在傳送天線之頻率處諸振。由於接收天線將不處於耗合模 式下,所以開關S2B及S3B之狀態對於本論述而言並非特 別重要。 在圖14B中,開關S1B斷開,開關㈣閉合,且開關㈣ 斷開’從而產生接收天線3〇4之「經調諧假負載狀態」。因 =開關S1B斷開,所以電容器^不影響譜振電路,且與電 容器C2組合之接收天線3〇4將處於一可與傳送天線之諧振 頻率匹配的譜振頻率下。開關S3B斷開與開關MB閉合之 組合為整流器產生一相對高電流假負冑,其將經由接收天 線304汲取更多電力,此可由傳送天線感測到。另外,可 貞專达L號320 ’因為接收天線處☆自傳送天線接收 電力的狀態下。 在圖14C中,開關S1B斷開,開關S2B斷開’且開關S3B 閉合,從而產生接收天線3G4之「經調譜操作狀態」。因為 開關S1B斷開’所以電容器C1不影響諧振電路,且盘電办 ㈣組合之純天㈣4將處於_可與傳送天線之譜振2 14036l.doc •21 · 201004042 頻率下。開關S2B斷開與開關S3B閉合之組 :且二偵::知作狀態’其中電力可由DC輸出信號322供 叢=:路發信號可藉由經調諧操作狀態(圖14 C)與AC覆 L_14A)之間的切換來實現。反向鍵路發信號亦可 精由經調諧假f, π 的切/ 4Β)與从覆蓋狀態(圖ΗΑ)之間 ' 〇 。反向鏈路發信號亦可藉由經調諧操作狀態 (圖叫與經調譜假負載狀態(圖14Β)之間的 : 因為接收器所消耗之電力量將存在差異,此可由二中 之負載感測電路偵測到。 田然’ 一般熟習此項技術者將認識到’可使用開關 、828及伽之其他組合來建立覆蓋、產生反向鍵路發 k號及將電力供庫$ # ,、α接收态件。另外,可將開關S1A及 —、:力至圖14A至圖14C之電路以建立其他可能組合以進 订覆盍、反向鏈路發信號及將電力供應至接收器件。 因此,在處於耗合模式下時,如上文參看圖⑵斤論述, 可將信號自傳送器傳送至接收器。另外,在處於耗合模式 下日”如上文參看圖13A至圖13C及圖14A至圖mc所論 述,可將信號自接收器傳送至傳送器。 _ 圖15A至圖i5C為說明用於使用上述發信號技術在傳送 器與接收器之間通信的訊息傳遞協定的時序圖。在—種例 ::方法中’自傳送器至接收器的信號在本文中被稱作 *月)向鏈路」且使用正常振盪與無振盪之間的簡單AM調 變。亦預期其他調變技術。作為非限制性實例,信號存在 140361.doc -22· 201004042 可解#為1,且無信號存在可解譯為〇。 ▲藉由對接收器件所沒取之電力的調變來提供反向鏈路發 信號’該電力汲取可藉由傳送器中之負載感測電路偵測 到作為非限制性實例,較高電力狀態可解譯為1,且 低電力狀態可解譯為G。請注意,傳送器必須開啟以便^ 收器能夠執行反向鏈路發信號。另外,在前向鍵路 «接收器應不執行反向鏈路發信號。此外,若兩個接^ 益件D式圖同時執行反向鏈路發信號,則衝突可發生,此將 使傳送器難以(若非不可能)解碼適當反向鍵路信號。 在本文所描述之例示性實施例中,發信號類似於具有一 開始位元、一眘姐仏一, 貪枓位70組、一同位位元及一停止位元的通 用非同步接收傳送(UART)串列通信協m,任何串 列通信協定可適於進行本文所描述的本發明之例示性實施 例為便於描述且並非限制,將描述訊息傳遞協定,使得 用於傳達每—位元組傳送之週期為約1()mS。 圖以說明訊息傳遞協^之最簡單且最低電力的形式。 將在母個重現週期410(在例示性實施例中為約 步脈衝420。作為非限 ;置锼门 f J ί±實例’同步脈衝工作時間 約40 mS。在傳送器開 ]啟時,具有至少一同步脈衝42〇之重 現週期410可無限地重複。往 「π水〆 叫/主,同步脈衝」有些許用 ,因為如由「白」_〇,所說明,同步脈衝350可 為在脈衝週期期間的穩態頻率。同步脈衝亦可包括藉 由上述之通/斷鍵控且如「 , Ο Λ 率處發信號。圖15Α說明_;^衝42()所說明在譜振頻 兄月最小電力狀態,其中諧振頻率 140361.doc •23- 201004042 处之電力係在同步脈衝420期間供應的且傳送天線在電力 週期450期間為關閉的。允許所有接收器件在同步脈衝咖 期間接收電力。 圖15B說明具有同步脈衝42〇、反向鍵路週期柳及電力 週期450,之重現„41(),其中傳送天㈣啟且藉由在譜振 頻率處振蘯且不執行任何發信號來供應全電力。上時序圖 說明整個重現週期41〇,且下時序圖說明同步脈衝42〇及反 向鏈路週期430之分解圖。如下文所解釋,電力週期45〇,可 分成用於多個接收器件之不同週期。圖15b展示用於三個 不同接收器件之三個電力區段pdl、pd2&pdn。 在别向鏈路發#唬發生時,同步脈衝42〇可包括熱身週 期422、前向鏈路週期424及監聽週期426。監聽週期426可 包括一交遞週期427及一開始反向鏈路週期428。在同步脈 衝420期間,傳送器可在前向鏈路週期424(由「陰影」部 分指示)期間發出一前向鏈路訊息且在監聽週期426期間等 待來自接收器之答覆。在圖15B中,無接收器答覆,此由 監聽週期426期間之「白」部分指示。 圖15C類似於圖15B ’不同在於如由「交叉影線」部分 所指示,接收器在開始反向鏈路週期428及反向鏈路週期 430期間答覆。在圖15中,在同步脈衝42〇期間傳送器在 前向鏈路週期424期間發出一前向鏈路訊息且在監聽週期 426期間等待來自接彳欠器之答覆。將要進行答覆之任何接 收器在交遞週期427結束之前、在開始反向鏈路週期428期 間及可能在反向鏈路週期430期間開始其答覆。 140361.doc •24- 201004042 作為非限制性實例,表2展示可由傳送器及接收器傳送 之一些可能訊息。 表2 TX命令 TX訊息 RX答覆 RX訊息 空 NDQ(新器件查詢) NDR(新器件回應) DD TT PP rr cc DQ(器件查詢) DD DS(器件狀態) DD TT PP cc ACK(根據先前DS確認器件XX) SA(時槽指派) DD NN MM cc RES(重設所有電力時槽指派) 其中: 空=無傳送命令; DD=器件編號; TT=器件類型; ΡΡ =所請求電力; rr=一隨機數; cc=核對和; NN=時槽之開始;及 MM=時槽結束。 在解釋表1的過程中,空命令意謂在前向鏈路週期424期 間傳送器不傳送訊息。在第2行中,由傳送器傳送一新器 件查詢(NDQ)。若接收器件回應,則其用新器件回應 (NDR)以及器件編號(對於新器件而言其應為零,直至傳送 器指派器件編號為止)、電力請求、隨機數及接收答覆中 140361.doc -25- 201004042 之所有資料位元的核對和來作出回應。 在第3订中,由傳送器傳送一新器件查詢(DQ)以及一器 件編说。由該Dq定址之接收器件用一器件狀態㈣以及 2件編號、器件類型、所請求電力量及接收答覆中之所有 為料位元的核對和來進行答覆。 在第4行中,傳送器將—確認(ack)發出至對先前作 答覆之接收器。無接收器對ACK作出回應。 “在第5行中,傳送器發出時槽指派(SA)以及器件編號、 電力週期450,内之開始時間、電力週期45〇,内之結束時間 及接收答覆中之所有資料位元的核對和。無接收器對从作 出回應。 在第6仃中,傳送器發出_指示所有接收器應停止使用 其所分配之時槽的重設(RES)。無接收器對res作出回 應。 當然,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,該等命令及回應 為例示I"生的,且涵盍於本發明之範齊内的各種實施例可使 用此等命令及回應之變體,且在本發明之範疇内,可想出 額外命令及回應。 為了進一步說明通信如何發生,將論述五種不同情況。 在第一種情況中,最初無接收器件在傳送器之耦合模式區 内,且一個接收器件進入該耦合模式區。在無器件存在於 該耦合模式區中時,傳送器將保持在低電力狀態下(如圖 15A所說明)且在每個重現週期41〇重複同步脈衝42〇。同步 脈衝420在前向鏈路週期424期間將包括一 NDQ,且傳送器 140361.doc 26· 201004042 在監聽週期426期間將監聽答覆。若未接收到答覆,則傳 达器停機,直至用於下一個重現週期41〇之同步脈衝42〇的 時間為止。 Γ: 在將新接收态件引入至該耦合模式區時,該接收器件最 初開啟且監聽-同步脈衝·。該新接收器件可將同步脈 衝420用;^電力’但在電力週期45(),期間應進人—覆蓋或非 電力接收模式(本文中被稱作「下匯流排」)。另外,該新 接收益件i聽傳送命令且忽略除了 ndq外之所有 令。在-新接收器件接收到NDQ時,其在交遞週期心、 開始反向鏈路週期428及可能在反向鏈路週期430期間保持 2啟。在前向鏈路週期424之後且在交遞週期結束之 刖,接收器件用NDR、為零之器件m(新器件⑴將由傳送 器指:)、電力量請求、隨機數及核對和來作出回應。新 接收器件接著在電力週期45〇,期間下匯流排。 若傳送器正確地接收到該醜,則其在下一個同步脈衝 指上用—用於新接收11件之時槽指派(SA)來作出回庫。 规包括用於新接收器件之器㈣、開始時間、 間及核對和。料此SA之開始時間及結束時間將為零^ 示新接收器件在電力週期彻,期間之任何時間週期曰 上陶。在新接收器件可上匯流排時,新接收器件料 收心派-特定電力區段pdn的具有實際開始時間及結 間的隨後SA。若新接收器件未接收到一適當核對和复 保持於新器件模式且再次回應於-NDQ。 、 在第二種情況中,無接收器件在傳送器之輕合模式區 140361.doc -27· 201004042 内’且—個以上接收器件進人該輕合模式區。在此模式 I ’在將兩個新接㈣件引人至㈣合模式區時,其最初 —直在匯流排上°肖等新接收器件可將同步脈衝420用於 電力’但一旦已接收到同步脈衝倒,便應在電力週期情 期間下匯流排。另夕卜’該等新接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽 :除了 NDJ外之所有傳送命令。在新接收器件接收助q 在又遞週期427、開始反向鏈路週期428及可能在反 向鏈路週期43G期間保持開啟。在前向鏈路週期似之後且 在父遞週期427結束之前’接收器件用ndr、為零之器件 精器件m將由傳送器指派)、電力量請求、隨機數及核 對和來作出回應。 然而,由於兩個或兩個以上接收器件同時進行回應,且 可月匕八有不同酼機數及核對和,戶斤以傳送器所接收到之訊 “被混淆’且傳送器中之核對和將不精確。結果,傳送 器將不在隨後同步脈衝420上發出SA ^ 當在職後未出現一緊鄰_寺,該等接收器件中之每一 用DR作出回應之前等待隨機數目之隨後。舉例 ,5 :兩個器件均回應於第-個NDQ,所以無隨後SA出 見态件1决疋在回應於另一個NDQ之前等待四個NDQ。 器件2決定在回應於另—個NDQ之前等待兩個ndq。結 果,在傳送器發出下一個NDQ時,無$件用NDR來作出回 應。在傳送器發出下一個NDQ時,僅器件2用證來作出 ° 傳送器成功地接收到該NDR且發出一用於器件2之 在下個1^13^時,器件2不回應,因為其不再為新器 140361.doc -28- 201004042 件,且器件1不回應’因為其隨機等待週期尚未過去。在 傳送器發出下-個NDQ時,僅器件i用舰來作出回應, 傳送器成功地接收到該^^〇尺且發出一用於器件丨之8八。 在第三種情況中’至少—接收器件處於麵合模式區中, 且一新接收H件進人料合模式區。在此模式下,將該新 接收器件引人至㈣合模式區且其最初—直在匯流排上。 新接收器件可將同步脈衝420用於電力,但一旦已接收到 同步脈衝420,便應在電力週期彻,期間下匯流二。另外, 新接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽略除了 NDq外之所有傳送命 令。週期性地,傳送器將發出一 NDQ以查看是否有任何新 器件已進人㈣合模式區。新器件將接著用ndr來答覆。 在隨後同步脈衝420時,傳送器將發出—用於新器件之不 指派電力時槽的SA。傳送器接著重新計算該麵合模式區中 之所有器件的電力分配且為每—器件產生新从,所以不存 在重疊電力區段Pdn。在每-器件接收到其新从後,其僅 在其新Pdn期間開始上匯流排。 ' 在第四種情況下’正常電力輸送操作繼續,無接收器件 進入或離開耦合模式區。在此種情況期間,傳送器將週期 性地藉由一器件查詢(DQ)來探查(ping)每一器件。所查詢 之器件用一器件狀態(DS)來作出回應。若該DS指示—不同 電力請求,則傳送器可將電力分配重新分配給_合模式 品中之每器件。如上文關於第三種情況來解釋的,傳送 器亦將週期性地發出NDQ。 ' 此 在第五種情況中,冑一器件自該耦合模式區移除 140361.doc -29- 201004042 「經移除」狀態可為在實體上自該耦合模式區移除該器 件、該器件停機,或該器件覆蓋自身(可能因為其不再需 要電力)。如早先所規定,傳送器週期性地發出一用於該 耦合模式區中之所有器件的DQ。若至一特定器件之兩個 連續DQ不傳回一有效DS,則傳送器將該器件自其所分配 器件之清單移除且將電力週期450'重新分配給剩餘器件。 傳送器亦將給缺失之器件指派零時間之電力分配,以防其 不能夠傳送卻仍進行接收。若錯誤地將一器件自電力分配 移除,則其可藉由用一適當NDR回應於NDQ來重新獲得電 力分配。 表3說明一非限制性命令及答覆序列以說明通信協定如 何操作。 表3 命令 描述 答覆 描述 註釋 DQ1 查詢器件1 DS 1 1 FF CC 器件1為類型 1,想要最大電 力 電池電量低之蜂巢式電話 DQ2 查詢器件2 DS 2 1 84 CC 器件2為類型 3,想要減少電 力時槽 具有幾乎充滿電之電池的PDA SA2 84 FF 時槽指派器件2 減少器件2之電力時槽(首先減 少,接著增加) SA1 00 83 時槽指派器件1 增加器件1之電力時槽 NDQ 新器件查詢 NDR 00 04 FF rr cc 發現新器件 電池電量低、電力最大之滑鼠 SA3 00 00 時槽指派器件3 在NDQ後立即答覆意謂其係用 於新器件。器件ID為3。初始電 力時槽為0。 SA1 00 40 時槽指派器件1 給器件1重新指派1/4電力 140361.doc -30- 201004042 SA2 41 80 SA3 81 FF 時槽指派器件2 給器件2重新指派1 /4電 時槽指派器件2 給器件3重新指派112% ~ 無答覆,所以沒發現新器件 ------------- NDQ 新器件查詢 ----— 空 卜 DQ1 DQ2 p· __________ DQ3 ------ NDQ ~------ ________ ----—1 注,,用於新器件之第一時槽指派不分配時槽。給每一 現存器件分配-新的非重疊時槽,接著最後給新器件分配 一時槽以用於接收電力。 在-例示性實施例中無線充電器件可向使用者顯示 -可視信號(諸如,燈光),指示其已成功地進入充電區且 使其自身向本端傳送器註冊。此將給予使用者肯定反饋, 即,器件確實準備好充電。 在本發明之其他例示性實施例中,接收器及傳送器可在 如圖^示之獨立通信頻道119(例如,藍芽、、蜂巢 式’等等)上通信。在一獨立通信頻道之情況下重現週 期無需包括任何通信週期且整個時間可專詩電力週期 450·。傳送器仍可將時槽分配給每_接收器件(經由該獨立 通信頻道來通信)且每-接收器件僅在其所分配之電^ 段Pdn期間上匯流排。 ,述之經時間多工的電力分配可為用於將電力供應給傳 送器之耗合模式區内之多個接收器件的最有效方法。缺 而’在本發明之其他實施例中,可使用其他電力分配方 案0 140361.doc 31 201004042 圖16A至圖16D為說明用於在傳送器與一或多個接收器 之間傳送電力的信標電力模式的簡化方塊圖。圖i6a說明 在信標耦合模式區510中不存在接收器件時具有低電力 「信標」信號525的傳送器52〇。作為非限制性實例,信標 信號525可諸如在〜1〇至〜2〇 mW RF之範圍中。當一待充 電之器件放置於該#合模式區中時,此信號可足以將初始 電力提供給該器件。 圖1 6B說明放置於傳送信標信號⑵之傳送器52〇的信標 麵合模式區51〇内之接收器件53〇。若接收器件53〇開啟且 與傳送器形成-麵合,則其將產生一反㈣路#合州, 其實際上只是接收器接受來自信標信號525之電力。此額 外电力可由傳送器之負載感測電路216(圖^ 2)感測到。結 果’傳送器可進入高電力模式。 圖㈣說明傳送器520產生高電力信號⑵,,導致高電力 揭合模式區51〇’。只®技价怒, 接收件530正接受電力且結果產生 反向鍵路^ 535,傳^便㈣持於高電力狀態。雖铁 僅說明—個接收器件53G,但搞合模式區5Π)中可存在多個 接收裔件530。若存在多個接收器件53(),則其將基於每一 ί收器件5軸合之良好程度來共用由傳送器傳送之電力 里“歹]而〇 ’如上文參看圖8及圖9來解釋的,對於每一 接收器件530而古,紅人4玄 母 ,^ °耦&效率可取決於器件放置於耦合模 式區510内之何處而為不同的。 ,16DM即使在接收器件別處於信標麵合模式區训 乃產生 票信號525的傳送器52〇。此狀態可發生於接 J40361.doc •32· 201004042 收器件530停機時,戋哭#蕙芸甘ό ό + 需要電力)。L件覆蓋其自身時(可能因為其不再 :時間多Λ 模式一樣,接收器及傳送器可在獨立通信 頻、(例如,藍芽、Zlgbee等等) ^ ^ ^ ;在一獨立通信頻 ^情況下,傳送器可基於耗合模式區51〇中之接收器件 的數目及其各別電力要求㈣定何時在信標模式與高電力 模式之間切換或產生多個電力位準。 圖17及圖18為根據例示性實施例之放大區域無線充電裝 置的方塊圖之平面圖。如所陳述,由於需要將接◎準確 地定位於傳送天線之近料合模式區中,故將接收器定位 於傳送器之近場搞合模式區中以用於使該接收器進行無線 充電可為過度麻煩的。此外,將—接收器定位於_固定位 置之傳达天線之近場搞合模式區中亦可能難以由耗接至該 接收器之器件的使用者達成,尤其當多個接收器分別麵接 至多個使用者可存取器件(例如,膝上型電腦、pDA、益 線器件)而使用纟需要對該f器件進行同時實體存取日卜、 舉例而言,一單一傳送天線展現—有限近場耦合模式區。 因此,經由在傳送天線之近場耦合模式區中之接收器來充 電的器件之使用者可能需要顯著使用者存取空間,此將為 代價過於高昂或至少對於亦要在相同傳送天線之近場耦合 模式區内無線地充電及亦需要獨立使用者存取空間的另一 器件之另一使用者而言不便的。舉例而言,歸因於傳送器 近場耦合模式區之區域性質及與各別器件互動所需要之顯 著使用者存取空間,就座於組態有單一傳送天線之會議桌 140361.doc -33· 201004042 旁的兩個相鄰的無線可充電器件使用者可不便於或不 = 二另外’要求一特定無線充電器件及其使用 者特疋地疋位亦可造成該器件之使用者之不便。 參看圖】7,-放大區域無線充電裝置_之例示性實施 例提供錢個相敎位之傳送天線電路6〇2八至6嶋之放 置、界定放大無線充電區域608。舉例而言且並非限 制,一傳送天線電路包括具有(例如)約3〇至4〇公分之直徑 或邊尺寸的傳送天線61〇以用於提供至與一電子器件(: 如,無線器件、手機、PDA、膝上型電腦等等)相關聯或 配合於該電子器件中的接收天線(未圖示)的均一耦合。藉 由將傳送天線電路6G2t作放大區域無線充電裝置 位或單元(cell) ’纟大體上單一平面表面6〇4(例如,台面) 上將此等傳送天線電路602八至6〇2D彼此緊接地堆疊或相 郴也平鋪允卉增加或放大充電區域。放大的無線充電區域 608導致用於一或多個器件之增加的充電區。 放大區域無線充電裝置600進一步包括一用於將驅動信 號提供至傳送天線6l0的傳送功率放大器62〇。在一傳送天 線61 0之近場耦合模式區干擾其他傳送天線6ι〇之近場耦合 杈式區的組態中,干擾性的相鄰傳送天線6丨〇被「覆蓋」 以使經啟動之傳送天線61〇的無線充電效率改良。替代 地,每一環形610八至61〇1)亦可包括其自有功率放大器。 放大區域無線充電裝置6〇〇中之傳送天線61〇的啟動定序 可根據一基於時域之順序來發生。傳送功率放大器62〇之 輸出编接至一多工器622’其根據來自傳送器處理器之控 140361.doc -34- 201004042 制信號624將來自傳送功率放大器㈣之輸出信號時間多工 至傳送天線610中之每一者。 為了在功率放大器620正驅動作用中之傳送天線時抑制 在相鄰非作用中之傳送天線61G中引發諸振,可藉由(例如) 啟動覆蓋電路614來更改彼傳送天線之諧振頻率而將非作 用中之天線|蓋」。在實施上,直接或幾乎相鄰之傳送 天線電路602的同時操作可導致同時啟動且實體上鄰 相鄰之其他傳送天線電路6〇2之間的干擾效應。因此,傳 送天線電路6G2可進—步包f更改傳送天線㈣之借 振頻率的傳送器覆蓋電路614。 該傳送器覆蓋電路可組態為_用於縮減或更改傳送 61〇之電抗it件(例如,電容器616)之值的切換構件(例如、, 開關)ϋ刀換構件可由來自傳送器之處理器的控制 621控制。在操作中,啟動傳送天線61G中之-者且允件其 言皆振,而抑制其他傳送天線㈣諸振,且因此抑㈣等: 他傳送天線相鄰地干擾所啟動傳送天線㈣。因此^ 縮減或更改傳送天線61G之電容,更改傳送天線㈣之言⑼ 頻率以防止來自其他傳送天線61〇之諸振輕合。亦預期用 以更改諧振頻率之其他技術。 在另一例示性實施例中,傳送天線電路M2中之 = 各別近場耗合模式區内接收器之存在與否,當 動傳送天線電路6。2中二 模式區之多者成田接收益在各別近場耦合 子在且未準備好進行無線充電時傳送器處理器 140361.doc -35· 201004042 選擇放棄啟動傳送天線電路602中之多者。對存在或準備 好之接收器的偵測可根據本文所描述之接收器偵測發信號 協定來發生或可根據對接收器之實體感測(諸如,用以判 疋接收器在傳送天線之近場耦合模式區内之存在的運動感 測、壓力感測、影像感測或其他感測技術)來發生。此 外,亦預期藉由將一增強的成比例工作循環提供至該複數 個天線電路中之至少一者來優先地啟動一或多個傳送天線 電路將屬於本發明之範疇内。 參看圖1 8,一放大區域無線充電裝置7〇〇之例示性實施 例提供複數個相鄰定位之轉發器天線電路7〇2八至7〇2d在 界定一放大無線充電區域7〇8之傳送天線7〇1内部中之放 置。傳送天線701在由傳送功率放大器72〇驅動時引發至轉 發器天線710八至710〇中之每一者的諧振耦合。舉例而言 且並非限制,一具有(例如)約3〇至4〇公分之直徑或邊尺寸 的轉發器天線71 0提供至與一電子器件相關聯或附接至該 书子器件的接收天線(未圖示)的均一耦合。藉由將轉發器 天線電路702當作放大區域無線充電裝置7〇〇之單位或單 元,在大體上單-平面表面7G4(例如,台面)上使此等轉發 器天線電路702A至702D彼此緊接著堆疊或相鄰地平鋪允 許增加或放大充電區域。放大無線充電區域7〇8導致用於 —或多個器件之增加的充電空間。 放大區域無線充電裝置包㈣於將驅動信號提供至 傳送天線7(H的傳送功率放大器72〇。在一轉發器天線71〇 之近場耦合模式區干擾其他轉發器天線71〇之近場耦合模 140361.doc * 36 - 201004042 式區的組態中’干擾性相鄰轉發器天線710被「覆蓋」以 允許獲得所啟動之轉發器天線71〇的改良之無線充電效 率 〇 放大區域無線充電裝置700中之轉發器天線71〇的啟動定 序可根據一基於時域之順序來發生。傳送功率放大器720 之輸出大體上持續地耦接(除了本文所描述之接收器發信 號期間)至傳送天線7〇丨。在本例示性實施例中,根據來自 傳送器處理器之控制信號721對轉發器天線71〇進行時間多 就貝把而5 ’直接或幾乎相鄰之轉發器天線電路702 的同時操作可導致同時啟動且實體上鄰近或相鄰之其他轉 發器天線電路702之間的干擾效應。因此,轉發器天線電 路7〇2可進一步包括一用於更改轉發器天線710之諧振頻率 的轉發器覆蓋電路714。 該轉發器覆蓋電路可組態為—用於縮減或更改轉發器天 線710之電抗元件(例如,電容器716)之值的切換構件(例 如開關)。該切換構件可由來自傳送器之處理器的控制 U虎721控制。在操作中,啟動轉發器天線川中之—者且 允許其^振,而抑制其他轉發器天線710諧振,且因此抑 制該等其他轉|器天線相㈣干擾所啟㈣發器天線 7 1(>。因此,藉由縮減或更改轉發器天線710之電容,更改 轉毛益天線71〇之譖振頻率以防止來自其他轉發器天線 之諧振耦合。亦預期用以更改諧振頻率之其他技術。 口另例示性貫施例中,轉發器天線電路7〇2中之每一 者可心在其各別近場麵合模式區内接收器之存在與否, 140361.doc -37- 201004042 當接收器存在且準備好進行無線充電時傳送器處理器選擇 啟動轉發器天線電路702中之多者或當接收器在各別近場 耦合模式區中不存在且未準備好進行無線充電時傳送器處 理器選擇放棄啟動轉發器天線電路7〇2中之多者。對存在 或準備好之接收器的偵測可根據本文所描述之接收器偵測 發信號協定來發生或可根據對接收器之實體感測(諸如, 用以判疋接收器將在轉發器天線之近場耗合模式區内的運 動感測 '壓力感測、影像感測或其他感測技術)來發生。 放大區域無線充電裝置600及700之各種例示性實施例可 進一步包括基於將啟動時槽不對稱地分配給傳送/轉發器 天線610、710(基於諸如某些接收器之優先充電不同天 線近場耦合模式區中接收器之變動數量、耦合至接收器之 特定π件的電力要求以及其他因素的因素)來對耦接至該 等傳送/轉發器天線之輸入信號進行時域多工。 圖19及圖20說明根據例示性實施例之無線充電接收天 線。為了提供來自傳送器之無線充電,器件必須包括一無 線充電天線或與—無線充電天線相關聯。圖19說明根據一 例不性貝施例之形成於一器件800周圍的無線充電接收天 、泉802圖20说明根據另一例示性實施例之作為附件附著 至益件820之另一無線充電接收天線822。 關於接收天線802、822之實體實施例,無線充電器件 800 820中之每—者包括一耦接至一接收天線8〇2、之 接收器電路。—接收天線802、822之例示性實施例處理小 天線與較小尺寸之器件800、820(諸如,無線手機、 140361.doc -38- 201004042 PDA、電腦或其他攜帶型電子器件)的整合。此等器件中 可供額外電路使用的區域非常有限,且歸因於效率低下的 能量傳輪’將傳統天線整合至此等器件中在报大程度上為 不切實際的。本發明之例示性實施例包括將一多匝環形接 收天線802(圖19)嵌入於(例如)器件800之一非金屬(例如, 塑膠)外殼806之(例如)邊緣上方或將一多匝環形接收天線 822(圖20)附著至(例如)來自器件820之外殼附件。因此, 接收天線802、822可與器件800、820之内部電路板(未圖 示)共存,而不需要來自器件8〇〇、82〇之内部電路的很多 區域(例如,標稱額外無線電力傳輸電路)。 如圖19所說明,一多匝環形接收天線之例示性實施例嵌 入於(例如)器件800之罩蓋或外殼806上。多阻環形接收天 線802可為應用於外殼8〇6之外表面或内表面的印刷天線。 此外夕匝環形接收天線802可外接外殼806之多數表面的 實質部分以便儘可能多地擴展環形天線之直徑以增強與具 有大體上較大直徑之傳送天線的諧振耦合。在例示性實施 例中,多匝接收天線8〇2位於外殼8〇6之緊靠器件之内部電 路的邊緣8G4上。在例示性實施例中,多阻接收天線術整 口於(例如)态件800之塑膠外殼8〇6的邊緣8〇4附近且展示 比放置於内部電路板(以切口形式展示為8 12)或電池(以切 /式展不為81 G)之區域上方的較小緊湊多阻環形天線高 的效率。 熟習此項技術者已知,電學上小的天線具有低效率,如 由小天線理論所解釋的,通常不大於百分之幾。大體上, 140361.doc -39- 201004042 ==:此;:::低。因此,— _電力傳輪可變成在:=:二中的器件’ ^有線連接的可行技術。雖'然此距離係取決於應用 視為:!:多數應用而言,幾十公分至幾公尺(例如)可被 ,,、、叹耗圍。大體上’此範圍(例如)在5贿续_ MHz 之間的間隔中減少用於電力之有效頻率。 =於無線充電所陳述,傳送及接收天線在近㈣合模 式£中彼此麵合,接得雷、亡 便侍電机刀配不同於天線個別地輻射至 遠場的實施,使得在輕合天線中電流之重新分配❹Μ 含傳送天線及接收天線之有損導體所引起㈣力損失。 典型小器件(諸如,無線手機、PDA等等)中之可用電路 區域如此缺乏,以致甚至將小天線整合於掌上型器件内亦 為困難的。此外,由於用於將電力無線地傳輸至小写件之 多數合適接收天線為某形式之環形,所以應瞭解,接近於 且平行於導電板(諸如,内部電路板或電池)之環形不有效 地起作用。因此,即使器件中之足夠電路區域可專用於内 部電路板上之内部無線充電接收天線,無效率的電力傳輸 仍可導致不合意的電力傳輸。雖然已試圖在相關rf識別 (RFID)技術領域中使用在接收天線與内部電路板或電池之 間的高透過性材料(諸如,肥粒鐵)層來減少導體存在對天 線的效應,但歸因於由於肥粒鐵材料造成之損失的無效率 無線電力傳輸的損失通常為不可接受的。 因此,在一例示性實施例令,將多匝環形天線8〇2用於 140361.doc -40« 201004042 莩上型器件800,其中如圖19所示,將多匝環形無線充電 接收天線802整合於(例如)器件8〇〇之塑膠罩蓋或外殼8〇6之 邊緣804中或上方。在例示性實施例中,器件8〇〇包括一無 線充電接收天線8〇2,其包括位於器件8〇〇之外邊緣8〇4附 近的複數個環形,例如如關於接收天線8〇2所說明之五個 環形。藉由將接收天線8〇2放置於内部電路板(未圖示)之大 體内部位置之外部,可忽視接地面及其他干擾性電路之不 利影響。 此外,外殼806之大體上較大之外部周圍導致相對於可 使用在器件800内或電池81〇上之内部且較緊湊多匝環形天 線獲得的環形直徑增加的環形直徑。因此,一較大有效環 开v ‘致比用於使夕匝環形接收天線在所要頻率處諧振的内 部接收天線實施將需要之諧振電容器小的諧振電容器。此 外,某些技術之較小電容器通常具有較高〇值(亦即,相對 於振盈頻率的較低速率之能量耗散,使得振盪更緩慢地消 逝)且有助於改良無線電力傳輸之耦合效率。 此外,在例示性實施例中,接收天線802、822在無線充 電傳送天線與無線充電器件接收天線802、822之間提供改 良之耦合程度’指示該等天線展示較高效率。x,不像位 於内部電路板或電池之背面上的較緊凑多圈内部天線, 「天線功能」或其效率受在器件800、822中之内部電路板 (未圖示)的存在之影響較少。例示性實施例亦減少了對要 求件800、820内之内部專用區域的需要。 如上文所描述,圖4說明傳送天線與嵌入於器件8〇〇中之 140361.doc 41 201004042 多匝接收天線802之間的耦合的例示性模擬結果。在近似 -0.9 dB之例示性模擬中,耦合在已知rfid頻率(例如, 13.56 MHz)處發生。關於上述原型之所量測耦合為約丄4 dB。差異主要歸因於在量測中使用了與在模擬中所假設之 理想電容器(無限Q)相反的實際電容器。 熟習此項技術者將理解,可使用各種不同技術及技藝中 之任—者來表示資訊及信號。舉例而言,可藉由電麼、電 流、電磁波、磁場或磁粒子、光場或光粒子或其任何組合 來表不可在上文之描述中提及的資料、指令、命令、資 訊、信號、位元、符號及碼片。 熟習此項技術者應進一步瞭解,結合本文所揭示之實施 例:述的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組、電路及演算法步驟 可實施為電子硬體、電腦軟體或其兩者之組合。為清楚地 說明硬體與軟體之此互換性,已在上文大體上在功能性方 ^苗^種說明性虹件、區塊、模組、電路及步驟。此功 此)·生疋貝鈿為硬體還是軟體取決於特定應用及外加於整個 系統上之設計約束。熟習此項技術者可針對每一特定應用 以不同方式來實施所描述之功能性,但此等實施決策不應 被解釋為造成偏離本發明之例示性實施例的範嘴。 可11由通用處理器、數位信號處理器(DSP)、特殊應用 積-:路(ASIC)、場可程式化閘陣列(FpGA)或其他可程式 以…輯則牛冑放閘或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件,或其 ^订本文所$功能的任何組合來實施或執行結合 文所揭不貫施例來描述的各種說明性邏輯區塊'模組及 140361.doc -42- 201004042 但在替代實施例中,處 、微控制器或狀態機。 ’例如,DSP與微處理 DSP核心的一或多個微 電路。通用處理器可為微處理器, 理斋可為任何習知處理器、控制号 處理器亦可實施為計算器件之組合 器之組合、複數個微處理器、結合 處理器’或任何其他此種組態。 結合本文所揭示之實施例所描述的方法或演算法之步驟 可直接以硬體、由處理器執行之軟體模組或以兩者…
來實施。軟體模組可駐於隨機存取記憶體(ram)、快閃化 憶體、唯讀記憶體(R〇M)、電可程式化應(職〇m)、電 可抹除可程式化R〇M(EEPR⑽)、暫存^、硬碟、抽取式 碟片、CD-ROM,或此項技術令已知之任何其他形式的儲 存媒體中。例示性儲存媒體福接至處理器,使得處理器可 自儲存媒體讀取資訊並將資訊寫入至儲存媒體。在替代實 施例中’儲存媒體可與處理器整合。處理器及儲存媒體可 駐於ASIC中。ASIC可駐於使用者終端機卜在替代實施 例中,處理H㈣存媒體可料純組件❿駐 端機中。 可〜 牡-或夕個例示性實施例中,可以硬體、軟體、韌體或 :任何組合來實施所描述之功能。若以軟體來實施,則功 能可作為—或多個指令或程式碼而儲存於電腦可讀媒體上 或經由電腦可讀媒體來傳送。電腦可讀媒體包括電腦儲存 媒體及通#媒體’通信媒體包括促進將電腦程式自—處傳 '另處的任何媒體。儲存媒體可為可由電腦存取之任 何可用媒體。舉例而言且不限制,此電腦可讀媒體可包含 14036】.doc -43- 201004042
Ram、ROM、EEPROM、CD_R〇M或其他光碟儲存、 儲存或其他磁性儲存器件,或可用於載運或儲存二:碟 資料結構之形式的所要程式碼且可由電腦存取的任=或 媒體。又,將任何連接適#地稱作電腦可讀媒體。舉例他 言,若使用同軸電纜、光纖電纜、雙絞線、數位用戶: (DSL)或諸如紅外、無線電及微波之無線技術自網站、: 服器或其他遠端源傳送軟體,則該同軸m纖電境 雙絞線、DSL,或諸如紅外、無線電及微波之無線技術係 包括於媒體之定義中。如本文中使用,磁碟及光碟包括緊 湊光碟(CD)、雷射光碟、光學光碟、數位化通用光碟 (DVD)、,性磁碟及藍光光碟’其中磁碟通常用磁性方式 來再生資料,而光碟用雷射以光學方式來再生資料。上述 各者之組合亦應包括於電腦可讀媒體之範疇内。 提供對所揭示例示性實施例之先前描述以使任何熟習此 項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明此項技術者將易於 顯見對此等例示性實施例之各種修改,且在不脫離本發明 之精神或_的情況下,本文所界定之通用原理可應用於 其他實施例。因此,本發明不意欲限於本文所示之實施 例,而是符合與本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵一致的最廣 範.。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化方塊圖。 圖2展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化示意圖。 圖3展示用於本發明之例示性實施例中的環形天線的示 140361 .doc •44- 201004042 意圖。 圖4展示指示傳送天線與接收天線之間的耦合強度的模 擬結果。 圖5 A及圖5 B展示根據本發明之例示性實施例的用於傳 送天線及接收天線之環形天線的布局。 圖6展示指示與圖4A及圖4B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種周圍大小有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間 的耦合強度的模擬結果。 圖7展示指示與圖4A及圖4B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種表面積有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果。 圖8展不接收天線相對於傳送天線之各種放置點以說明 在共面及同軸放置下之輕合強度。 圖9展不指示在傳送天線與接收天線之間的各種距離下 同軸放置的耦合強度的模擬結果。 j 圖10為根據本發明之例示性實施例的傳送器的簡化方塊 圖。 圖11為根據本發明之例示性實施例的接收器的簡化方塊 圖。 圖12展示用於在傳送器與接收器之間進行訊息傳遞的傳 送電路之部分的簡圊。 圖13A至圖13C展示在各種狀態下之接收電路的一部分 的簡圖以s兄明接收器與傳迸器之間的訊息傳遞。 圖14A至圖14C展示在各種狀態下之替代接收電路的一 140361.doc -45- 201004042 部分的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。 圖1 5 A至圖1 5C為說明用於傳送器與接收器之間的通丄 的訊息傳遞協定的時序圖。 、 圖16A至圖1 6D為說明用於在傳送器與接收器之間傳' %力的#標電力模式的簡化方塊圖。 = 圖1 7為根據本發明之實施例的放大區域無線充電 簡化方塊圖。 '"的 圖18為根據本發明之另-實施例的放大區域無線充電裝 置的簡化方塊圖。 、 圖19為根據本發明之實施例的包括一無線充電天線之電 子器件的透視圖。 圖20為根據本發明之另—實施例的包括—無線充電天線 之電子器件的透視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 無線傳送或充電系統 102 輸入電力 104 傳送器 106 輻射場 108 接收器 110 輸出電力 112 距離 114 傳送天線 114C 大圓形環形傳送天線 114S 正方形環形傳送天線 140361 .doc -46 - 201004042 118 接收天線 118' 接收天線 119 獨立通信頻道 122 振盪器 123 調整信號 124 功率放大器 125 控制信號 126 濾波及匹配電路 132 匹配電路 136 電池 150 「環形」天線 152 電容器 154 電容器 156 諧振信號 170 曲線 172 曲線 174 曲線 180 曲線 182 曲線 190 曲線 1 a-3a 點 lb-3b 點 1 c-3c 點 200 傳送器 140361.doc -47- 201004042 202 傳送電路 204 傳送天線 206 固定阻抗匹配電路 208 低通濾波器 210 功率放大器 212 振盪器 214 處理器 216 負載感測電路 220 載波信號 224 傳送調變信號 226 信號 228 電源 230 差動放大器 235 接收信號 300 接收器 302 接收電路 304 接收天線 306 電力轉換電路 308 RF至DC轉換器 310 DC至DC轉換器 312 切換電路 314 發信號偵測器及信標電路 316 處理器 318 整流器 140361.doc -48- 201004042
320 傳送信號 322 DC電力信號 350 器件/節點 410 重現週期 420 同步脈衝 420' 「白」脈衝 422 熱身週期 424 前向鍵路週期 426 監聽週期 427 交遞週期 428 開始反向鏈路週期 430 反向鍵路週期 450 電力週期 450' 電力週期 510 信標耦合模式區 510' 局電力耗合模式區 520 傳送器 525 信標信號 525' 南電力信號 530 接收器件 535 反向鏈路耦合 600 放大區域無線充電裝置 602A-602D 傳送天線電路 604 單一平面表面 140361.doc -49· 201004042 608 放大無線充電區域 610A-610D 環形 614A-614D 啟動覆蓋電路 616A-616D 電容器 620 傳送功率放大器 621 控制信號 622 多工器 624 控制信號 700 放大區域無線充電裝置 701 傳送天線 702A-702D 轉發器天線電路 704 單一平面表面 708 放大無線充電區域 710A-710D 轉發器天線 714A-714D 轉發器覆蓋電路 716A-716D 電容器 720 傳送功率放大器 721 控制信號 800 器件 802 多匝環形接收天線 804 外殼之邊緣 806 外殼 810 電池 812 内部電路板 140361.doc -50- 201004042 820 器件 822 多匝環形接收天線 C1-C3 電容器 D1 二極體 LI 特性電感 P1-P7 放置點 Pdl、Pd2、Pdn 電力區段 R1、R2 電阻器 Rs 電阻器 S1A、SIB、S2A、 S2B 、 S3B 開關 140361.doc -51 ·

Claims (1)

  1. 201004042 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種無線充電接收天線,其包含: y月匕!接收導體之—第—環形,該第-環形形成-環 Φ天線以在—無線充電頻率處譜振,該無線充電接收天 、-進v與t子器件麵接且用於將無線地接收到之電 力提供至該電子器件,該環形天線用於搞接至該電子器 件之一外殼。 2·:請:们之天線,其進-步包含該能量接收導體的至 v另環形,該至少另一環形電耦接至該第一環形以形 成一多環形天線。 3如叫求項1之天線,其中該無線充電接收天線外接該電 子盗件之該外殼的一表面之一主要平面的一多數部分。 4如味求項1之天線,其中該無線充電接收天線進一步實 、卜接且不貫質上重疊該電子器件之一電池的一内部 電路區域。 长員1之天線,其中該無線充電接收天線實質上外 接經指定用於該電子器件之一内部電路板的一區域。 如叫求項1之天線,其中該無線充電接收天線佔據該電 子盗件之電子電路外部的一空間。 7_如δ月求項1之天線,其中該無線充電接收天線為一用於 與該電子器件之該外殼整合的多匝印刷天線。 月求項7之天線,其中該多匝印刷天線與該外殼之一 夕數表面整合且外接該多數表面之—多數部分。 9.如明求項1之天線,其中該無線充電天線在來自該外殼 140361.doc 201004042 之一附件上外部耦接至該外殼。 ίο. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 如请求項1之天線,其中該無線充電天線包含用於在一 ㈣充電頻率處諧振的電抗組件且其中該等電抗組件之 一部分可被切換式地改變以抑制諧振。 一種裝置,其包含: -外殼中之一電子電路’其用於執行該器件之 功能;及 千 -無線充電接收器電路,其耦接至該電子電路以用於 將無線地接收到之電力提供至該電子電路,其包括: 一無線充電接收天'線,用於在一线充電頻率處譜 振,該無線充電接收天線與該器件之一外殼整合。 如明求項11之裝置’其中該無線充電接收天線包含 &環形天線。 々明求項12之裝置,其中該多匝環形天線基於該環形之 直徑而包含某數量之匝。 月求項11之裝置,其中該無線充電接收天線外接該器 件之一外表面之一主要平面的一多數部分。 明求項11之裝置,其中該無線充電接收天線實質上外 接且不實質上重疊經指定用於該器件之一電池的— 域。 °° 如叫求項11之裝置,其中該無線充電接收天線實質上外 接該器件之—内部電路板。 如叫求項11之裝置,其中該無線充電接收天線佔據該器 件之電子電路外部的—空間。 I4036I.doc 201004042 18·如清求項丨丨之裝置,其中該無線充電接收天線為一耦接 至該器件之該外殼之一外表面的多匝印刷天線。 19.如請求項18之裝置,其中該多阻印刷天線㈣至該外殼 之夕數表面且外接該多數表面之一多數部分。 2〇·如請求項U之裝置,其中該無線充電天線在來自該外殼 之一附件上外部耦接至該外殼。 21. 如請求項U之裝置,其中該無線充電天線包含用於在一 無線充電頻率處譜振的電抗組件且其中該等電抗組件之 一部分可被切換式地改變以抑制諧振。 22. —種無線器件,其包含: 一外殼; 根據操作電力操作之電子電路,該電子電路進一步封 閉於一外殼内;及 無線充電電路,其用於;}^仏& '用於挺供該刼作電力’該無線充電 電路包含: / 一多E環形天線’用於在一嗜垢德1> 〇 你 a振傳达态之一近場耦 合模式區中諧振且自並產哇兮 目/、屋生δ亥操作電力,該多匝環形 天線耗接至該外殼之一外部主要平面。 23.如s青求項22之無線器件,立Γ 士女夕r m /、中6亥多匝環形天線在該外殼 上經定向以實質上外接用於該益 x…、蜾器件之一電池的一位 置。 24.如請求項22之無線 ,% 7此哝形天線在該 電 上經定向以實質上外接該1飨哭 …、綠态件之該電子電路的 路板。 140361.doc 201004042 25. 如請求項22之無線器件,其中該多匝環形天線被應用於 該外殼之一外表面。 26. 如請求項22之無線器件,其中該多匝環形天線嵌入於該 外殼之一表面中。 140361.doc
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