TW201010236A - Reverse link signaling via receive antenna impedance modulation - Google Patents
Reverse link signaling via receive antenna impedance modulation Download PDFInfo
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- TW201010236A TW201010236A TW98115920A TW98115920A TW201010236A TW 201010236 A TW201010236 A TW 201010236A TW 98115920 A TW98115920 A TW 98115920A TW 98115920 A TW98115920 A TW 98115920A TW 201010236 A TW201010236 A TW 201010236A
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- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10158—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
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- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
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- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
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- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
Description
201010236 六、發明說明: 依據35 U.S.C. §119之優先權主張 本申請案依據35 U.S.C. §119(e)主張以下各案的優先 權: 於2008年6月11曰申請之題為 「REVERSE LINK SIGNALING VIA RECEIVE ANTENNA IMPEDANCE MODULATION」的美國臨時專利申請案61/060,735 ; 於2008年6月11日申請之題為「SIGNALING CHARGING IN WIRELESS POWER ENVIRONMENT」的美國臨時專利 申請案 61/060,738 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「ADAPTIVE TUNING MECHANISM FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/053,008 ; 於2008年5月13曰申請之題為「EFFICIENT POWER MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS POWER CHARGING SYSTEMS」的美國臨時專利申請案 61/053,010 ; 於2008年6月11日申請之題為「TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL FOR A WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/060,741 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為 「REPEATERS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的 美國臨時專利申請案61/053,000 ;
於2008年5月13日申請之題為「WIRELESS POWER 140363.doc 201010236 TRANSFER FOR APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENTS」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/053,004 ; 於2008年7月16日申請之題為「WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING NEGATIVE RESISTANCE」的美國臨 時專利申請案61/081,332 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「EMBEDDED RECEIVE ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的美國 臨時專利申請案61/053,012 ;及 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「PLANAR LARGE AREA WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM」的美國臨時專利申請案 61/053,015 。 【先前技術】 通常,每一電池供電器件(諸如,諸如蜂巢式電話之無 線通信器件)需要自有充電器及電源,其通常為AC電力出 線座。在許多器件需要充電時,此變得難以使用。 正開發在傳送器與待充電之器件之間使用空中電力傳送 的方法。此等方法通常落在兩個類別中。一個類別係基於 傳送天線與待充電之器件上的接收天線之間的平面波輻射 (亦被稱作遠場輻射)的耦合,該待充電之器件收集所輻射 電力且對其整流以用於對電池充電。天線通常具有諧振長 度以便改良耦合效率。此方法的缺點為電力耦合隨著天線 之間的距離增加而快速衰退。因此,跨越合理距離(例 如,>1-2公尺)來充電變為困難的。另外,由於系統輻射 平面波’所以若未經由濾波來進行適當控制,則無意之輻 140363.doc 201010236 射可干擾其他系統β 其他方法係基於嵌入於(例如)「充電」墊或表面中的傳 送天線與嵌入於待充電之主機器件中的接收天線加上整流 電路之間的電感耦合。此種方法具有以下缺點,即,傳送 天線與接收天線之間的間隔必須非常接近(例如,幾毫 米)。儘管此種方法確實具有對相同區域中之多個器件同 時充電的能力,但此區域通常為小的,因此使用者必須將 該等器件定位至-特定區域。因此,需要提供一種適應傳 送天線及接收天線之靈活放置及定向的無線充電配置。 在無線電力傳輸系統中,歸因於無線電力傳送過程中發 生之損失,效率為重㈣。由於無線電力傳送通常比有線 傳輸效率較差,所以在無線電力傳輸環境中效率為更重大 之關注點。結果,在試圖將電力提供至一或多個充電器件 時’需要用於在傳送器與接收器之間通信以判定接收器之 電力要求的方法及裝置。 【實施方式】 詞語「例示性」在本文中用以意謂「充當實例、例子或 例示」。本文中描述為「例示性」之任何實施例不必被理 解為比其他實施例較佳或有利。 在下文結合附圖陳述之詳細描述意欲作為對本發明之例 示性實施例的描述且不意欲表示可實踐本發明的唯一實施 例。在此描述各處所使用之術語「例示性」意謂「充者實 例、例子或例示」且將不必被理解為比其他例示性實:例 較佳或有利。該詳細描述包括特定細節以便達成提供對本 140363.doc 201010236 發明之例示性實施例之激底理解的目的。熟習此項技術者 將明瞭可在無此等特定細節之情況下實踐本發明之例示性 實施例。在一些情況下,以方塊圖形式來展示熟知結構及 器件以便避免使本文所呈現之例示性實施例的新穎性不清 楚0
鲁 詞語「無線電力」在本文中用以意謂在不使用實體電磁 導體之情況下自傳送器傳送至接收器的與電場、磁場、電 磁場或其他者相關聯的任何形式之能量。 圖1說明根據本發明之各種例示性實施例的無線傳送或 充電系統100。將輸入電力1〇2提供至傳送器1〇4以供產生 7於提供能量傳輸之輻射場106。一接收器108耦合至輻射 場106且產生-輸出電力110以供耦接至輸出電力110之器 件(未圖示)儲存或消耗。傳送器1G4與接收器⑽相隔距離 112。在-例示性實施例中,根據相互譜振關係、來组離傳 二器及接收器1〇8,且在接收器1〇8之諧振頻率與傳送 器1〇4之諧振頻率完全相同時,當接收器⑽位於賴射場 1〇6之「近場」巾時,傳送器刚與接收器108之間 損失為最小的。 寻送 傳送器1〇4進一步包括-用於提供用於能量傳送之構件 的傳送天線114,且接•哭& 止& t 接收器108進一步包括用於提供用於能 篁接收之構件的接收天線118。根據應用 之器件來對料天線及純天歧尺寸。 2 蔣值送工成 4如所陳述’藉由 電磁波^之近場中的A部分能量耗合至接收天線而非以 /以將多數能量傳播至遠場來進行有效能量傳輪。 140363.doc 201010236 當在此近場中時,可在傳送天線114與接收天線U8之間形 成耦合模式。在天線114及118四周此近場耦合可發生的區 域在本文中被稱作耦合模式區。 圖2展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化示意圖。傳送器1〇4包 括一振盡器122、一功率放大器124及一滤波及匹配電路 120。該振盪器經組態以在所要頻率下產生,可回應於調 整信號123來調整該所要頻率。可藉由功率放大器ι24以一 回應於控制信號125的放大量來放大振盪器信號。濾波及 匹配電路126可經包括以濾出諧波或其他不想要之頻率且 將傳送器104之阻抗與傳送天線H4匹配。 接收器可包括一匹配電路132及一整流及切換電路以產 生一 DC電力輸出以對電池136(如圖2所示)充電或對耦接至 接收器之器件(未圖示)供電。匹配電路丨32可經包括以將接 收器108之阻抗與接收天線us匹配。 如圖3所說明,例示性實施例中所使用之天線可組態為 「環形」天線1 5 0 ’其在本文中亦可被稱作「磁性」天 線。環形天線可經組態以包括一空心或實體心(諸如,肥 粒鐵心)。空心環形天線可更好地容許放置於該心附近之 外來實體器件。此外’ 一空心環形天線允許其他組件放置 於心區域内。另外,一空心環形可更易於使得能夠將接收 天線118(圖2)放置於傳送天線114(圖2)之平面内,在該平 面内,傳送天線114(圖2)之耦合模式區可更強大。 如所陳述’在傳送器104與接收器1〇8之間的諧振匹配或 近似匹配期間’發生傳送器1 〇4與接收器108之間的有效能 140363.doc 201010236 量傳輸然而,即使當傳送器1〇4與接收器⑽之間的譜振 不匹配時,亦可在較低效率下傳輸能量。藉由將來自傳送 天線之近場的能量輕合至駐於建立了此近場之鄰域中的接 收天線而非將此里自傳送天線傳播至自由空間十來進行能 量傳輸》 環形或磁性天線㈣振頻率係基於電感及電容。環形天 線中之電感通常僅為由該環形天線產生之電感,而通常將 f容添加至環形天線之電感以在所要諧振頻率下產生—譜 振結構。作為一非限制性實例,可將電容器152及電容器 154添加至該天線以建立一產生諧振信號156的諧振電路。 f此,對純大直徑之環形天“言,誘發諧振所需之電 谷的大小隨著環形天線之直徑或電感增加而減小。此外, 隨著環形天線或磁性天線之直徑增加,近場之有效能量傳 輸區域增加。當然,其他諸振電路為可能的。作為另一非 限制性實例,-電容器可並行地放置於環形天線之兩個端 φ 子之間。另外,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,對於傳送 天線,諧振信號156可為環形天線15〇之輸入。 本發明之例示性實施例包括在處於彼此之近場中的兩個 天線之間耦合電力。如所陳述,近場為在天線四周磁場存 在但不可傳播或輻射遠離該天線的區域。其通常限制於接 近該天線之實體體積的體積。在本發明之例示性實施例 中,磁性型天線(諸如,單匝環形天線及多匝環形天線)用 於傳送(Tx)及接收(RX)天線系統兩者,因為與電型天線(諸 如,小偶極)之電近場相比,磁性型天線之磁近場振幅傾 140363.doc 201010236 向於較高。此允許該對天線之間的潛在較高耦合。 此外’亦預期「電」天線(例如,偶極及單極)或磁性天 線與電天線之組合。 Τχ天線可在足夠低之頻率下及在天線大小足夠大之情況 下操作,以在顯著大於由早先所提及之遠場及電感方法允 許之距離的距離下達成至小RX天線之良好耦合(例如,>_4 dB)。若對Τχ天線正確地定尺寸,則在主機器件上之以天 線放置於受驅動Τχ環形天線之耦合模式區(亦即,在近場 中)内時’可達成高耗合程度(例如,_2至_4 dB)。 圖4展示指示傳送天線與接收天線之間的耦合強度的模 擬結果。曲線170及172分別指示傳送天線及接收天線之電 力接受的量測。換言之’在大負數之情況下,存在非常緊 密之阻抗匹配,且多數電力被接受且因此由傳送天線輻 射。相反,小負數指示多數電力被自天線反射回,因為在 給定頻率下不存在緊密阻抗匹配。在圖4中,調譜傳送天 線及接收天線以使之具有約13.56 MHz之諧振頻率。 曲線1 70說明在各個頻率處之自傳送天線傳送之電力 量。因此,在對應於約13.528 MHz& 13 593 MHz的點卜及 3a處,多數電力被反射且不傳送到傳送天線外。然而,在 對應於約13.56 MHz之點2a處,可看到,大量電力被接受 且傳送到天線外。 類似地,曲線Π2說明在各個頻率處由接收天線接收之 電力量。因此,在對應於約13·528 MHz及13 593 MHz的點 lb及3b處,多數電力被反射且不經由接收天線傳送及進入 140363.doc -10- 201010236 接收器中。然而’在對應於約13 56 MHz之點2[?處,可看 到,大量電力被接收天線接受且傳送至接收器中。 曲線m指示在經由傳送天線自傳送器傳送、經由接收 天線接收且傳送至接收器後在接收器處接收到的電力量。 • 因此,在對應於約13.528 MHz& 13 593 MHz之點卜及孔 處,傳送出傳送器外之電力的多數在接收器處為不可用 的,因為(1)傳送天線拒絕自傳送器傳送至其之多數電力及 ⑺傳送天線與純天線之間的耦合隨著頻率偏離諸振頻率 而效率降低。然而,在對應於約13 56 MHz之點以處,可 看到,自傳送器傳送之大量電力在接收器處為可用的,指 示傳送天線與接收天線之間的高耦合程度。 圖5A及圖5B展示根據本發明之例示性實施例的用於傳 送天線及接收天線之環形天線的布局。可以許多不同方式 來組態環形天線,在廣泛各種大小下具有單個環或多個 環。另外,該等環可呈許多不同形狀,諸如(僅舉例)圓 e 形、橢圓形、正方形及矩形。圖5A說明大正方形環形傳送 天線114S及小正方形環形接收天線118,小正方形環形接 收天線118與傳送天線1148放置於相同平面中且接近於傳 送天線ii4s之中心。圖5B說明大圓形環形傳送天線η化 及小正方形環形接收天線118|,小正方形環形接收天線 118’與傳送天線114C放置於相同平面中且接近於傳送天線 114C之中心。正方形環形傳送天線114S具有邊長「& 圓形環形傳送天線me具有直徑「φ」。對於正方二: 而s ,可展示存在等效圓形環形,其直徑可界定為. 140363.doc 201010236 Φα=4α/π。 圖6展示指示與圖4Α及圖4Β中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種周圍有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的耗 合強度的模擬結果。因此,曲線1 80展示在圓形環形傳送 天線114C之各種周圍大小下圓形環形傳送天線H4C與接收 天線118之間的耦合強度。類似地,曲線182展示在正方形 環形傳送天線114S之各種等效周圍大小下正方形環形傳送 天線114S與接收天線118,之間的耦合強度。 圖7展示指示與圖5 Α及圖5Β中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種表面積有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果。因此,曲線190展示在圓形環形傳 送天線114C之各種表面積下圓形環形傳送天線U4C與接收 天線118之間的柄合強度。類似地,曲線192展示在正方形 環形傳送天線114S之各種表面積下正方形環形傳送天線 114S與接收天線118'之間的耦合強度。 圖8展示接收天線相對於傳送天線之各種放置點以說明 在共面及同軸放置下之耦合強度。如本文所使用,「共 面」意謂傳送天線與接收天線具有大體上對準之平面(亦 即’具有指向大體上相同之方向的表面法線)且傳送天線 與接收天線之平面之間不具有距離(或具有小距離如本 文所使用,「同轴」意謂傳送天線與接收天線具有大體上 對準之平面(亦即,具有指向大體上相同之方向的表面法 線)且該兩個平面之間的距離並非細小的,且此外,傳送 天線與接收天線之表面法線大體上沿著相同向量延伸,或 140363.doc 12 201010236 該兩個法線排成梯形。 作為實例’點pi、P2、P3及p7為接收天線相對於傳送天 線之所有共面放置點。作為另—實例,點财…為接收天 線相對於傳送天線之同轴放置點。下表展示在_所說明 之各個放置點(ρ1“7)處的輕合強度(S21)及麵合效率(表 示為自傳送天線傳送之到達接收天線的電力的百分數卜 表1
距平面的距離(cm) P2 P3 P4£5 P6 0 0 2.5 17.5 17.5 S21 效率(〇/>) 效率(TX DC電力輸入 對RX DC電力輸出) 46.8 28
如可看到,共面放置點pl、p2及㈣^㈣高之輕合 效率。放置點P7亦為共面放置點’但在傳送環形天線外 部。雖然放置點P7不具有高輕合效率,但很明顯存在一些 搞合且麵合模式區延伸超出傳送環形天線之周邊。 放置點P5與傳送天線同軸且展示相當大的轉合效率。放 置點P5之耦合效率不如共面放置點之耦合效率一樣高。然 而’放置點P5之耦合效率為足夠高的,使得可在同轴放置 之傳送天線與接收天線之間傳送大量電力。 放置點P4處於傳送天線之周圍内但在傳送天線之平面上 140363.doc -13· 201010236 方有些許距離處之一位置中,其可被稱作偏移同軸放置 (亦即,表面法線在大體上相同之方向上但處於不同位置 處)或偏移共面(亦即,表面法線在大體上相同之方向上但 平面相對於彼此偏移)。自該表,可看到,在偏移距離為 2.5 cm時,放置點p4仍具有相對良好之耦合效率。 放置點P6說明在傳送天線之周圍外部且處於傳送天線之 平面上方相當大距離處的放置點。如可自該表看到,放置 點p7展示傳送天線與接收天線之間的很少耦合效率。 圖9展示指示在傳送天線與接收天線之間的各種距離下❿ 同軸放置的柄合強度的模擬結果。圖9之模擬係關於處於 同軸放置之正方形傳送天線及接收天線,其均具有約I] 公尺之邊且處於1〇 MHz之傳送頻率下。可看到在距離小 於約0.5公尺時,耦合強度保持相當高且均一。 圖1〇為根據本發明之例示性實施例的傳送器的簡化方塊 圖。一傳送器200包括傳送電路2〇2及一傳送天線2〇4。大 體上,傳送電路202藉由提供一致使在傳送天線2〇4周圍產 生近場能量的振盪信號來將RF電力提供至傳送天線2〇4。磡 舉例而言,傳送器2〇〇可在13.56MHzISM頻帶處操作。 例不性傳送電路202包括一用於將傳送電路2〇2之阻抗 (J 5〇 &姆)匹配至傳送天線204的固定阻抗匹配電路 206,及一經組態以將諧波發射減少至防止耦接至接收器 - 1〇8(圖1)之器件的自干擾的位準的低通濾波器(LpF)2〇8。 其他實施例可包括不同遽波器拓撲(包括但不限於使特定 頻率衣減而同時使其他頻率通過的陷波滤波器),且可包 140363.doc -14· 201010236
括 至 變 一適應性阻抗匹配, 天線之輸出電力或由功率放 。傳送電路202進一步包括— /、可基於可量測傳送量度(諸如, 判定之RF信號的功率放大器2 j 〇 大器汲取之DC電流)來改 經組態以驅動由振盪器212 件或電路,或替代地,可包含整合式總成 線204之例示性RF電力輸出可為約25瓦。 傳送電路202進一步包括一處理器214, 傳送電路可包含離散器 。一來自傳送天 該處理器214用 於在特定接收器之傳送階辟T a & s 呀疋又(或工作循環)期間致能振盪器 212、用於調整該振盪器之 益之頻率,及用於調整用於實施通 信協定(用於經由鄰近Λ 州迎器件所附接之接收器與鄰近器件互 動)的輸出電力位準。
傳送電路202可進-步包括—用於债測在由傳送天線綱 產生之近場附近是否存在作用中之接收器的負載感測電路 216。舉例而言,—負載感測電路216監視流動至功率放大 器210之電流,其受在由傳送天線204產生之近場附近的作 用中之接收n的存在與否影響。對功率放大器21()上之負 載改變的偵測係由處理器214監視,纟用於判定是否致能 振盈器212以傳送能量以與作用中之接收器通信。 傳送天線204可實施天線條,其具有經選擇以使電阻性 損失保持為低的厚度、寬度及金屬類型。在習知實施中, 傳送天線204可通常經組態以與較大結構(諸如,桌子、 墊、燈或其他不便攜帶之組態)相關聯。因此,傳送天線 204通常將不需要「阻」以便為特定尺寸。傳送天線204之 例示性實施可為「電學上小的」(亦即,波長之分數)且經 140363.doc -15- 201010236 調《白以藉由使用電容器來界定諧振頻率來在較低之可用頻 率下諧振。在傳送天線204在直徑或邊長(若為正方形環形) 上相對於接收天線可為較大(例如,〇 5〇公尺)的例示性應 用中,傳送天線204將未必需要較大匝數以獲得合理電 容。 圖11為根據本發明之實施例的接收器的方塊圖。一接收 器300包括接收電路302及一接收天線3〇4。接收器3〇〇進— 步耦接至器件350以向其提供所接收之電力。請注意將 接收器300說明為在器件35〇外部但可整合於器件35〇中。 通常,能量係無線地傳播至接收天線3〇4且接著經由接收 電路3 02而麵合至器件350。 接收天線304經調諧以在與傳送天線2〇4(圖1〇)相同之頻 率下或幾乎相同之頻率下諧振。接收天線3〇4可與傳送天 線204類似地定尺寸,或可基於相關聯器件35〇之尺寸來不 同地定尺寸。舉例而言,器件35〇可為具有小於傳送天線 204之直徑或長度的直徑或長度尺寸的攜帶型電子器件。 在此類實例中,接收天線304可實施為多匝天線以便減少 調諧電容器(未圖示)之電容值且增加接收天線之阻抗。舉 例而言,接收天線304可放置於器件35〇之實質周圍四周, 以便最大化天線直徑及減少接收天線之環形匝(亦即,繞 組)之數目及繞組間電容。
接收電路302提供與接收天線304的阻抗匹配。接收電路 302包括用於將一所接收RF能量源轉換至供器件35〇使用之 充電電力的電力轉換電路306。電力轉換電路3〇6包括一 RF 140363.doc • 16 · 201010236 至DC轉換器308且亦可包括一dc^dc轉換器31〇。灯至 DC轉換器308將接收天線3〇4處接收到之Rf能量信號整流 至非交流電力,而〇(:至1)〇:轉換器31〇將經整流之RF能量 信號轉換至可與器件35〇相容的能量勢(例如,電壓)。涵蓋 - 各種尺1?至〇<:轉換器,包括部分及全整流器、調節器、橋 接器、倍加器以及線性及切換轉換器。 接收電路302可進一步包括用於將接收天線3〇4連接至電 力轉換電路306或替代地用於將電力轉換電路306斷開的切 換電路312。如下文更充分地解釋,將接收天線3〇4與電力 轉換電路306斷開不僅暫時中止對器件35〇之充電,且亦改 變傳送器200(圖2)所「看到」之「負載」。如上文所揭示, 傳送器2GG包括負載感測電路216,其偵測提供至傳送器功 率放大器210之偏置電流的波動。因此,傳送器2〇〇具有用 於判定接收器何時存在於傳送器之近場中的機制。 當多個接收器300存在於傳送器之近場中時,可希望對 φ 一或多個接收器之負載及卸載進行時間多工以使其他接收 器能夠更有效地耦合至傳送器。亦可覆蓋一接收器以便消 除至其他附近之接收器之耦合或減少附近傳送器上之負 載。接收器之此「卸載」在本文中亦被稱為「覆蓋」。此 外,如下文更充分地解釋,由接收器3〇〇控制且由傳送器 2〇〇偵測的卸載與負載之間的此切換提供了自接收器至 傳送器200的通信機制。另外,一協定可與該切換相關 聯,該協定致能自接收器300至傳送器2〇〇的訊息傳送。舉 例而言,切換速度可為約1〇〇微秒。 140363.doc •17- 201010236 接收電路302可進一步包括用以識別接收到之能量波動 的發信號偵測器及信標電路314,該等能量波動可對應於 自傳送器至接收器之資訊性發信號。此外,發信號及信標 電路314亦可用以偵測減少之RF信號能量(亦即,信標信 號)的傳送及將該減少之R F信號能量整流成標稱電力以用 於喚醒接收電路302内之未供電或耗盡電力之電路以便組 態接收電路3 02以進行無線充電。 接收電路302進一步包括用於協調本文所描述之接收器 300之處理(包括對本文所描述之切換電路312的控制)的處 0 理器316。接收器300之覆蓋亦可在發生其他事件(包括偵 測到向器件350提供充電電力之外部有線充電源(例如,壁 式/USB電力))後發生。除了控制接收器之覆蓋外,處理器 3 16亦可監視信標電路3 14以判定一信標狀態及擷取自傳送 器傳送之訊息。處理器316亦可調整DC至DC轉換器310以 獲得改良之效能。 圖12展示用於在傳送器與接收器之間進行訊息傳遞的傳 送電路之部分的簡圖。在本發明之一些例示性實施例中,_ 可在傳送器與接收器之間致能用於通信之構件。在圖12 中,功率放大器210驅動傳送天線2〇4以產生輻射場。該功 率放大器由在對於傳送天線2〇4為所要之頻率下振盪的載 波#號220來驅動。使用傳送調變信號224來控制功率放大 21 0之輸出。 傳送電路可藉由對功率放大器210使用一通/斷鍵控過程 來將彳S號傳送至接收器。換言之,在確定傳送調變信號 140363.doc -18- 201010236 224時’功率放大器21〇將在傳送天線2〇4上驅動載波信號 220之頻率。在否定傳送調變信號224時,功率放大器在傳 送天線204上將不驅動任何頻率。 圖12之傳送電路亦包括-將電力供應至功率放大器210 且產生一接收信號235輸出的負載感測電路216。在負载感 測電路216中’跨電阻nRs之電料形成於信號以之電力 與功率放大器210之電源228之間。功率放大器2ι〇所消耗 之電力的任何變化將引起將由差動放大器2观大的電虔 降的變化。當傳送天線與接收器(未展示於圖以中)中之接 收天線處於耦合模式時,由功率放大器21〇汲取之電流量 將改變。換言之,若傳送天線21〇不存在耦合模式諧振, 則驅動輻射場所需之電力將為第一量。若存在耦合模式諧 振,則功率放大器210所消耗之電力量將上升,因為多數 電力耦合至接收天線中。因此,如下文所解釋,接收天線 235可指示耦合至傳送天線235之接收天線的存在且亦可偵 測自接收天線傳送之信號。另外,接收器電流汲取之變化 可在傳送器之功率放大器電流汲取中觀測到,且如下文所 解釋,此變化可用以偵測來自接收天線之信號。 圖13A至圖13C展示在各種狀態下之接收電路的一部分 的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。圖〖3 A至 圖13C皆展示相同電路元件,不同之處為各個開關之狀 態。接收天線304包括一特性電感li,其驅動節點350。節 點350經由開關S1A選擇性地耦接至接地端。節點35〇亦經 由開關S1B選擇性地耦接至二極體〇1及整流器318。整流 140363.doc •19- 201010236 益3 18將DC電力信號322供應至_接收器件(未圖示)以對該 接收器件供電、對電池充電,或其組合。二極體⑴斑電容 器C3及電阻㈣一同麵接至傳送信號32〇,料信號32〇 經濾波以移除諧波及不想要之頻率。因此,叫、Ο及幻之 組合可在傳送信號32G上產生—信號,其模仿由上文參看 圖12之傳送器來論述的傳㈣變信號…產生的傳送調 變〇 本發明之例示性實施例包括對接收器件之電流汲取的調 變及對接收天線之阻抗的調變以實現反向鏈路發信號。參 看圖13A及圖12兩者,在接收器件之電力及取變化時,負 載感測電路216偵測傳送天線上之所得電力變化,且由此 等變化可產生接收信號235。 在圖13A至圖13C之實施例中,可藉由修改開關Μ及 S2A之狀態來改變經由傳送器之電流汲取。在圖中, 開關s1A及開關S2A均斷開而產生—「Dc斷開狀態」且實 質上自傳送天線204移除負冑。此減少傳送器所看 流。 收 態 在圖13B中,開關S1A閉合且開關似斷開,從而產生接 天線304之「DC短路狀態」。因此,可使用圖ΐ3β中之狀 來增加在傳送器中所看到之電流。 在圖13C中,開關S1A斷開且開關S2A閉合而產生一正常 接收模式(在本文巾亦被稱作「DC操作狀態」),1中電力 可由DC輸出㈣322供應且可仙到傳送信號32〇。在圖 13C所示之狀態下’接收器接收一 140363.doc -20- 201010236 比D C斷開狀態或D C短路狀態時多或少的來自傳送天線之 電力。 反向鏈路發信號可藉由Dc操作狀態(圖13C)與DC短路狀 態(圖13B)之間的切換來實現。反向鏈路發信號亦可藉由 DC操作狀態(圖13(:)與〇(:斷開狀態(圖13A)之間的切換來 實現。 圖14A至圖14C展示在各種狀態下之替代接收電路的一 部分的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。 圖14A至圖14C皆展示相同電路元件,不同之處為各個 開關之狀態。接收天線304包括一特性電感L1,其驅動節 點350。節點350經由電容器C1及開關S1B來選擇性地耦接 至接地端。節點350亦經由電容器C2來AC耦接至二極體D1 及整流器318。二極體D1與電容器C3及電阻器R1 —同輕接 至傳送信號320,傳送信號320經濾波以移除諧波及不想要 之頻率。因此’ Dl、C3及R1之組合可在傳送信號32〇上產 生一信號,其模仿由上文參看圖12之傳送器來論述的傳送 調變信號224產生的傳送調變。 整流器318連接至開關S2B,開關S2B與電阻器R2及接地 端串聯連接。整流器318亦連接至開關S3B。開關S3B之另 一側將DC電力信號322供應至一接收器件(未圖示)以對該 接收器件供電、對電池充電,或其組合。 在圖13A至圖13C中,藉由經由開關S1B選擇性地將接收 天線304耦接至接地端來改變該接收天線之DC阻抗。相對 照地,在圖14A至圖14C之實施例中,可藉由修改開關 140363.doc •21 - 201010236 SIB、S2B及S3B之狀態以改變接收天線304之AC阻抗來修 改天線之阻抗以產生反向鏈路發信號。在圖14A至圖14C 中,可藉由電容器C2來調諧接收天線304之諧振頻率。因 此’可藉由使用開關S1B經由電容器C1來選擇性地耦接接 收天線304(基本上將諧振電路改變至將在與傳送天線最佳 麵合的範圍外的不同頻率)來改變接收天線3〇4的AC阻抗。 :¾'接收天線304之諧振頻率接近於傳送天線之諧振頻率, 且接收天線304處於傳送天線之近場中,則可形成一麵合 模式,其中接收器可自輻射場106汲取顯著電力。 在圖14 A中’開關S1B閉合,此將天線去諧且產生一 「AC覆蓋狀態」,該「AC覆蓋狀態」基本上「覆蓋」接收 天線304使之免於被傳送天線2〇4偵測到,因為接收天線不 在傳送天線之頻率處譜振。由於接收天線將不處於麵合模 式下,所以開關S2B及S3B之狀態對於本論述而言並非特 別重要。 在圖14B中,開關S1B斷開,開關S2B閉合,且開關s3b 斷開,從而產生接收天線304之「經調諧虛設負載狀態」。 因為開關S1B斷開,所以電容器C1*影響諧振電路,且與 電容器C2組合之接收天線3〇4將處於一可與傳送天線之諧 振頻率匹配的諧振頻率下。開關S3B斷開與開關S2b閉合 之組合為整流器產纟一㈣高電流虛設負載,其將經由接 收天線304汲取更多電力,此可由傳送天線感測到。另 外,可偵測到傳送信號320,因為接收天線處於自傳送天 線接收電力的狀態下。 140363.doc -22- 201010236
在圖14C中’開關sib斷開,開關S2B斷開,且開關S3B 閉β從而產生接收天線3 04之「經調諧操作狀態」。因為 開關S1B斷開,所以電容器C1不影響諧振電路,且與電容 器C2,,j_ σ之接收天線3〇4將處於一可與傳送天線之諧振頻 _匹配的諧振頻率下。開關S2B斷開與開關S3B閉合之組 口產生正常操作狀態,其中電力可由DC輸出信號322供 應且可偵測到一傳送信號32〇。 反向鏈路發彳5號可藉由經調諧操作狀態(圖14C)與AC覆 I狀態(圖14A)之間的切換來實現。反向鍵路發信號亦可 藉由經調諧虛設負載狀態(圖14B)與AC覆蓋狀態(圖i4A)之 間的切換來實現。反向鏈路發信號亦可藉由經調諧操作狀 態(圖14C)與經調諧虛設負載狀態(圖14B)之間的切換來實 現,因為接收器所消耗之電力量將存在差異,此可由傳送 器中之負載感測電路偵測到。 當然,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,可使用開關 Φ S1B、S2B及S3B之其他組合來建立覆蓋、產生反向鏈路發 信號及將電力供應至接收器件。另外,可將開關sia及 S1B添加至圖14A至圖i4C之電路以建立其他可能組合以進 行覆蓋、反向鏈路發信號及將電力供應至接收器件。 因此,在處於耦合模式下時,如上文參看圖12所論述, 可將信號自傳送器傳送至接收器。另外,在處於耦合模式 下時,如上文參看圖13A至圖13C及圖14A至圖14C所論 述,可將信號自接收器傳送至傳送器。 圖15A至圖15C為說明用於使用上述發信號技術在傳送 140363.doc -23· 201010236 器與接收器之間通信的訊息傳遞協定的時序圖。在一種例 ::方法中,自傳送器至接收器的信號在本文中被稱作 月J向鏈路」且使用正常振盈與無振盈之間的簡單Am調 。亦預期其他調變技術。作為非限制性實例,信號存在 可解譯為1,且無信號存在可解譯為0。 藉由對接收器件㈣取之電力的調變來提供反向鍵路發 #號,該電力沒取可藉由傳送器中之負载感測電路㈣ 到。作為非限制性實例,較高電力狀態可解譯為i,且較 低電力狀態可解譯為〇。請注意,傳送器必須開啟以便接 收器能夠執行反向鍵路發信號。另外,在前向鍵路發信號 期間接收器應不執行反向鏈路發信號。此外,若兩個接收 器件試圖同時執行反向鏈路發信號,則衝突可發生,此將 使傳达器難以(若非不可能)解碼適當反向鍵路信號。 在本文所描述之例示性實施財,發信號類似於具有一 開始位元、—資料位元組、一同位位元及—停止位元的通 用非同步接收傳送(UART)串列通信協定。當然,任何串 列通4協疋可適於進行本文所描述的本發明之例示性實施 例。為便於描述且並非限制,將描述訊息傳遞協定,使得 用於傳達每—位(组傳送之週期為約10 mS。 圖15A說明訊息傳遞協定之最簡單且最低電力的形式。 將在每個重現週期410(在例示性實施例中為約一秒)重複同 步脈衝。作為非限制性實例,同步脈衝工作時間可為 約40 mS。在傳送器開啟時,具有至少一同步脈衝倒之重 現週期410可無限地重複。請注意,「同步脈衝」有些許用 140363.doc 201010236 詞不當,因為如由「白」脈衝420,所說明,同步脈衝35〇可 為在脈衝週期期間的穩態頻率。同步脈衝42〇亦可包括藉 由上述之通/斷鍵控且如r陰影」脈衝42〇所說明在諧振頻 率處發k號。圖15 A說明一最小電力狀態,其中諧振頻率 處之電力係在同步脈衝420期間供應的且傳送天線在電力 週期450期間為關閉的。允許所有接收器件在同步脈衝42〇 期間接收電力。 圖15B說明具有同步脈衝420、反向鏈路週期430及電力 週期450’之重現週期41〇,其中傳送天線開啟且藉由在諧振 頻率處振盪且不執行任何發信號來供應全電力。上時序圖 ”兑明整個重現週期41 〇,且下時序圖說明同步脈衝42〇及反 向鏈路週期430之分解圖。如下文所解釋,電力週期45〇,可 分成用於多個接收器件之不同週期。圖15B展示用於三個 不同接收器件之三個電力區段Pdl、pd2及pdn。 在前向鏈路發信號發生時,同步脈衝420可包括熱身週 _ 期422、如向鏈路週期424及監聽週期426。監聽週期426可 包括一交接週期427及一開始反向鏈路週期428。在同步脈 衝420期間,傳送器可在前向鏈路週期424(由「陰影」部 刀才a示)期間發出一前向鏈路訊息且在監聽週期426期間等 待來自接收器之答覆。在圖15B中,無接收器答覆,此由 監聽週期426期間之「白」部分指示。 圖15C類似於圖158,不同在於如由「交叉影線」部分 所扣示,接收器在開始反向鏈路週期428及反向鏈路週期 430期間答覆。在圖15中,在同步脈衝期間傳送器在 140363.doc -25- 201010236 前向鏈路週期424期間發出一前向鏈路訊息且在監聽週期 426期間等待來自接收器之答覆。將要進行答覆之任何接 收器在交接週期427結束之前、在開始反向鏈路週期428期 間及可能在反向鏈路週期430期間開始其答覆。 作為非限制性實例,表2展示可由傳送器及接收器傳送 之一些可能訊息。 表2 TX命令 TX訊息 RX答覆 RX訊息 空 NDQ(新器件查詢) NDR(新器件回應) DD TT PP rr cc DQ(器件查詢) DD DS(器件狀態) DD TT PP cc ACK(根據先前DS確認器件XX) SA(時槽指派) DD NN MM cc RES(重設所有電力時槽指派) 其中: 空=無傳送命令; DD=器件編號; TT=器件類型; ΡΡ =所請求電力; rr=一隨機數; cc =檢查和; NN=時槽之開始;及 MM=時槽結束。 在解釋表1的過程中,空命令意謂在前向鏈路週期424期 I40363.doc -26- 201010236 間傳送器不傳送訊息。在第2行中,由傳送器傳送一新器 件查》旬(NDQ)。若接收器件回應,則其用新器件回應 (NDR)以及器件編號(對於新器件而言其應為零,直至傳送 器4曰派器件編號為止電力請求、隨機數及接收答覆中 之所有資料位元的檢查和來作出回應。 在第3行中,由傳送器傳送一新器件查詢(dq)以及一器 件編號。由該DQ定址之接收器件用一器件狀態(ds)以及 =件編號、器件類型、所請求電力量及接收答覆中之所有 ^料位元的檢查和來進行答覆。 々在第4行中,傳送器將一確認(ACK)發出至對先前 答覆之接收器。無接收器對ACK作出回應。 在第5行中,傳送器發出時槽指派(sa)以及器件編號、 電力週期450,内之開始時間、電力週期45〇,内之結束時間 及接收答覆中之所有資料位元的檢查和。無接收器對从作 出回應。 φ 在第6行中,傳送器發出一指示所有接收器應停止使用 八所刀配之時槽的重設(RES)。無接收器對作出回 應。 备然,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,該等命令及回應 為例示性的,且涵蓋於本發明之範嘴内的各種實施例可使 用此等命令及回應之變體,且在本發明之範嘴内,可想出 額外命令及回應。 為了進-步說明通信如何發生,將論述五種不同情況。 在第-種情況中,最初無接收器件在傳送器之麵合模式區 140363.doc •27· 201010236 内,且一個接收器件進入該耦合模式區。在無器件存在於 该耗合模式區中時’傳送器將保持在低電力狀態下(如圖 15Α所說明)且在每個重現週期41〇重複同步脈衝42〇。同步 脈衝420在前向鏈路週期424期間將包括一 NDQ,且傳送器 在監聽週期426期間將監聽答覆。若未接收到答覆,則傳 送器停機,直至用於下一個重現週期41〇之同步脈衝42〇的 時間為止。 在將新接收器件引入至該耦合模式區時,該接收器件最 初開啟且監聽一同步脈衝420。該新接收器件可將同步脈 衝420用於電力,但在電力週期45〇,期間應進入一覆蓋或非 電力接收模式(本文中被稱作「下匯流排」)。另外,該新 接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽略除了 NDQ外之所有傳送命 令。在一新接收器件接收到NDQ時,其在交接週期427 | 開始反向鏈路週期428及可能在反向鏈路週期43〇期間保持 開啟。在前向鏈路週期424之後且在交接週期427結束之 前,接收器件用NDR、為零之器件ID(新器件出將由傳送 器指派)、電力量請求、隨機數及檢查和來作出回應。新 接收器件接著在電力週期45〇,期間下匯流排。 若傳送器正確地接收到該職,則其在下—個同步脈衝 420上用一用於新接收器件之時槽指派(sa)來作出回應。 該SA包括用於新接收器件之器件m、開始時間、结束時 間及檢查和。用於此SA之開始時間及結束時間將為:,指 示新接收ϋ件在電力週期卿期間之任何時間週期内不應 上匯流排。在新接收器件可上匯流排時,新接收器件將接 140363.doc -28. 201010236 收指派一特定電力區段Pdn的具有實際開始時間及結束時 間的隨後SA。若新接收器件未接收到一適當檢查和,則其 保持於新器件模式且再次回應於_ NDq。 在第二種情況中,無接收器件在傳送器之耦合模式區 内,且一個以上接收器件進入該耦合模式區。在此模式 下,在將兩個新接收器件引入至該耦合模式區時,其最初 :直在匯流排上。該等新接收器件可將同步脈衝420用於 電力,但一旦已接收到同步脈衝420,便應在電力週期45〇, 期間下匯流排。另外,該等新接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽 略除了 NDQ外之所有傳送命令。在新接收器件接收 時,其在父接週期427、開始反向鏈路週期428及可能在反 向鏈路週期430期間保持開啟。在前向鏈路週期424之後且 在父接週期427結束之前,接收器件用NDR、為零之器件 ID(新器件ID將由傳送器指派)、電力量請求、隨機數及檢 查和來作出回應。 φ 然而,由於兩個或兩個以上接收器件同時進行回應,且 可能具有不同隨機數及檢查和,所以傳送器所接收到之訊 息將被混淆,且傳送器中之檢查和將不精確。結果,傳送 器將不在隨後同步脈衝420上發出SA。 當在NDR後未出現一緊鄰SA時,該等接收器件中之每一 者在用NDR作出回應之前等待隨機數目之隨後ndq。舉例 而吕,兩個器件均回應於第一個NDQ,所以無隨後sa出 現。器件1決定在回應於另一個NDQ之前等待四個NDQ。 器件2決定在回應於另一個NDQ之前等待兩個1^1)(5。結 140363.doc -29- 201010236 果,在傳送器發出下-個NDQ時,無器件用職來作出回 應。在傳送器發出下一個NDQ時,僅器件2用麵來作出 回應,傳送器成功地接收到該^^^尺且發出一用於器件2之 在下個NDQ時,器件2不回應,因為其不再為新器 件:^器件1不回應,因為其隨機等待週期尚未過去。在 傳送器發出下-個NDq時,僅器件Μ聰來作出回應, 傳送器成功地接收到該仙尺且發出_用於器件】之从。 在第三種情況中’至少-接收器件處於_合模式區中, 且一新接收H件進人該輕合模式區。在此模式下,將該新 接收器件引人至該麵合模式區且其最初—直在匯流排上。 新接收器件可將同步脈衝42〇用於電力,但一旦已接收到 同步脈衝420,便應在電力週期45〇,期間下匯流排。另外, 新接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽略除了 NDQ外之所有傳送命 令。週期性地,傳送器將發出一 NDQ以查看是否有任何新 器件已進入該耦合模式區。新器件將接著用NDR來答覆。 在隨後同步脈衝420時,傳送器將發出一用於新器件之不 指派電力時槽的SA。傳送器接著重新計算該麵合模式區中 之所有器件的電力分配且為每一器件產生新8八,所以不存 在重疊電力區段Pdn。在每-器件接收到其新SA後,其僅 在其新Pdn期間開始上匯流排。 在第四種情況下,正常電力輸送操作繼續,無接收器件 進入或離開耦合模式區。在此種情況期間,傳送器將週期 性地藉由一器件查詢(DQ)來探查(ping)每一器件。所查詢 之器件用一器件狀態(DS)來作出回應。若該〇8指示一;同 140363.doc -30- 201010236 電力請求,則傳送器可將電力分配重新分配給該耦合模式 區中之每一器件。如上文關於第三種情況來解釋的,傳送 器亦將週期性地發出NDQ。 在第五種情況中,將一器件自該耦合模式區移除。此 「經移除」狀態可為在實體上自該耦合模式區移除該器 件、該器件停機,或該器件覆蓋自身(可能因為其不再需 要電力)。如早先所規定,傳送器週期性地發出一用於該 耦合模式區中之所有器件的DQ。若至一特定器件之兩個 連續DQ不傳回一有效DS,則傳送器將該器件自其所分配 器件之清單移除且將電力週期450'重新分配給剩餘器件。 傳送器亦將給缺失之器件指派零時間之電力分配,以防其 不能夠傳送卻仍進行接收。若錯誤地將一器件自電力分配 移除,則其可藉由用一適當NDR回應於NDQ來重新獲得電 力分配。 表3說明一非限制性命令及答覆序列以說明通信協定如 何操作。 表3 命令 描述 答覆 描述 註釋 DQ1 查詢器件1 DS 1 1 FF CC 器件1為類型 1,想要最大 電力 電池電量低之蜂巢式電話 DQ2 查詢器件2 DS 2 1 84 CC 器件2為類型 3,想要減少 電力時槽 具有幾乎充滿電之電池的 PDA SA2 84 FF 時槽指派器件2 減少器件2之電力時槽 (首先減少,接著增加) SA 1 00 83 時槽指派器件1 增加器件1之電力時槽 140363.doc -31 · 201010236
NDQ 新器件查詢 NDR 00 04 FF rr cc 發現新器件 電池電量低、電力最大之滑鼠 SA 3 00 00 時槽指派器件3 在NDQ後立即答覆意謂其係 用於新器件。器件ID為3。初 始電力時槽為〇。 SA1 00 40 時槽指派器件1 給器件1重新指派1/4電力 SA2 41 80 時槽指派器件2 給器件2重新指派1/4電力 SA3 81 FF 時槽指派器件2 給器件3重新指派1/2電力 NDQ 新器件查詢 無答覆,所以沒發現新器件 空 DQ1 DQ2 DQ3 NDQ 注意,用於新器件之第一時槽指派不分配時槽。給每一 現存器件分配一新的非重疊時槽,接著最後給新器件分配 一時槽以用於接收電力。 在一例示性實施例中,一無線充電器件可向使用者顯示 一可視信號(諸如,燈光),指示其已成功地進入充電區且 使其自身向本端傳送器註冊。此將給予使用者肯定反饋, 即,器件確實準備好充電。 在本發明之其他例示性實施例中,接收器及傳送器可在 如圖2所示之獨立通信頻道119(例如,藍芽、zigbee、蜂巢 式,等等)上通信。在一獨立通信頻道之情況下,重現週 期無需包括任何通信週期且整個時間可專用於電力週期 45(V。傳送器仍可將時槽分配給每一接收器件(經由該獨立 通信頻道來通信)且每一接收器件僅在其所分配之電力區 段Pdn期間上匯流排。 140363.doc -32- 201010236 亡述之經時間多工的電力分配可為用於將電力供應給傳 送器之耦合模式區内之多個接收器件的最有效方法。然 而’在本發明之其他實施例中,可使用其他電力分配方 案。 圖16A至圖i6D為說明用於在傳送器與一或多個接收器 之間傳送電力的信標電力模式的簡化方塊圖。圖16八說明 在信標耦合模式區510中不存在接收器件時具有低電力 「信標」信號525的傳送器520。作為非限制性實例,信標 信號525可諸如在〜10至〜2〇mW RF之範圍中。當一待充電 之器件放置於該耦合模式區中時’此信號可足以將初始電 力提供給該器件。 圖1 6B說明放置於傳送信標信號S2S之傳送器52〇的信標 耦合模式區510内之接收器件53〇。若接收器件53〇開啟且 與傳送器形成一耦纟,則其將產生一反向鏈路耦合535, 其實際上只是接收器接受來自信標信號525之電力。此額 外電力可由傳送器之負載感測電路216(圖12)感測到。結 果’傳送器可進入高電力模式。 圖16C說明傳送器520產生高電力信號5251,導致高電力 耦合模式區510,。只要接收器件530正接受電力且結果產生 反向鏈路耦合535,傳送器便將保持於高電力狀態。雖然 僅說明一個接收器件53〇,但耦合模式區51〇中可存在多個 接收器件530。若存在多個接收器件53〇,則其將基於每一 接收器件530耦合之良好程度來共用由傳送器傳送之電力 量。舉例而言,如上文參看圖8及圖9來解釋的,對於每一 140363.doc -33- 201010236 接收器件530而言,耦合效率可取決 式區510内之何處而為不同的。 ° i於麵合模 = 16D說明即使在接收器件別處於信標麵合模式區別 :時:產生信標信號525的傳送器㈣。此狀態可發生於接 收盗件53叫機時,或器件覆蓋其自身時(可能 需要電力)。 丹 如同時間多工模式—樣,接收器及傳送器可在獨立通信 頻道(例如,藍芽、zigbee等等)上通信。在―獨立通信頻 道之情況下,傳送器可基於耗合模式區5ig中之接收器件 的數目及其各別電力要求來歡何時在信標模式與高電力 模式之間切換或產生多個電力位準。 熟習此項技術者將理解,可使用各種不同技術及技藝中 之任一者來表示資訊及信號。舉例而言,可藉由電壓 '電 流、電磁波、磁場或磁粒子、光場或光粒子或其任何組合 來表示可在上文之描述中提及的資料、指令、命令、資 訊、信號、位元、符號及碼片。 熟習此項技術者應進一步瞭解,結合本文所揭示之實施 例描述的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組、電路及演算法步驟 可實施為電子硬體 '電腦軟體或其兩者之組合。為清楚地 說明硬體與軟體之此互換性,已在上文大體上在功能性方 面描述各種說明性組件、區塊、模組、電路及步驟。此功 能性是實施為硬體還是軟體取決於特定應用及外加於整個 系統上之設計約束。熟習此項技術者可針對每一特定應用 以不同方式來實施所描述之功能性,但此等實施決策不應 140363.doc -34- 201010236 被解釋為造成偏離本發明之例示性實施例的範疇。 可藉由通用處理器、數位信號處理器(DSP)、特殊應用 積體電路(ASIC)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)或其他可程式 化邏輯器件、離散閘或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件,或其 經設計以執行本文所述功能的任何組合來實施或執行結合 本文所揭示實施例來描述的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組及 電路。通用處理器可為微處理器,但在替代實施例中,處 理器可為任何習知處理器、控制器、微控制器或狀態機。 ® 處理器亦可實施為計算器件之組合,例如,DSP與微處理 器之組合、複數個微處理器、結合DSP核心的一或多個微 處理器,或任何其他此種組態。 結合本文所揭示之實施例所描述的方法或演算法之步驟 可直接以硬體、由處理器執行之軟體模組或以兩者之組合 來實施。軟體模組可駐於隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、快閃記 憶體、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、電可程式化ROM(EPROM)、電 可抹除可程式化ROM(EEPROM)、暫存器、硬碟、抽取式 鲁 碟片、CD-ROM,或此項技術中已知之任何其他形式的儲 存媒體中。例示性儲存媒體耦接至處理器,使得處理器可 - 自儲存媒體讀取資訊並將資訊寫入至儲存媒體。在替代實 施例中,儲存媒體可與處理器整合。處理器及儲存媒體可 駐於ASIC中。ASIC可駐於使用者終端機中。在替代實施 例中,處理器及儲存媒體可作為離散組件而駐於使用者終 端機中。 在一或多個例示性實施例中,可以硬體、軟體、韌體或 140363.doc -35- 201010236 其任何組合來實施所描述 沪可你或. 述之功肊0若以軟體來實施,則功 #由雷5夕個&令或程式碼而儲存於電腦可讀媒體上 或紅由電腦可讀媒體來傳送。電腦可讀媒體包括電腦儲存 =通信媒體’通信媒體包括促進將電腦程式自一:: 另一處的任何媒體。儲存媒體可為可由電腦存取 何可用媒體。舉例而言且不限制,此電腦可讀媒體可包含 Ram、ROM、EEP職、CD•職或其他光碟儲存磁碟 儲存或其他磁性儲存器件,或可用於載運或儲存呈指令或 資料結構之形式的所要程式碼且可由電腦存取的任何其他 媒體。又’將任何連接適當地稱作電腦可讀媒體。舉例而 言,若使用同軸電纜、光纖電纜、雙絞線 '數位用戶線 (DSL)或諸如紅外、無線電及微波之無線技術自網站、伺 服器或其他遠端源傳送軟體,則該同軸錢、光纖電境、 雙絞線、DSL ’或諸如紅外、無線電及微波之無線技術係 包括於媒體之定義中。如本文中使用,磁碟及光碟包括緊 湊光碟(CD)、雷射光碟、光學光碟、數位化通用光碟 (DVD)、軟性磁碟及藍光光碟,其中磁碟通常用磁性方式 來再生資料,而光碟用雷射以光學方式來再生資料。上述 各者之組合亦應包括於電腦可讀媒體之範齊内。 提供對所揭示例示性實施例之先前描述以使任何熟習此 項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者將易於 顯見對此等例示性實施例之各種修改,且在不脫離本發明 之精神或範疇的情況下,本文所界定之通用原理可應用於 其他實施例。因此,本發明不意欲限於本文所示之實施 140363.doc -36- 201010236 例,而是符合與本文所揭示之原理及新賴特徵一致的最廣 範疇。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化方塊圖。 圖2展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化示意圖。 圖3展示用於本發明之例示性實施例中的環形天線的示 意圖。 ffl 4展示指㈣送天線與接收天線之間的μ強度的模 ® 擬結果。 圖5Α及圖5Β展示根據本發明之例示性實施例的用於傳 送天線及接收天線之環形天線的布局。 圖6展示指示與圖4Α及圖4Β中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種周圍大小有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間 的麵合強度的模擬結果。 圖7展示指示與圖4Α及圖4Β中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 參 送天線的各種表面積有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果。 圖8展示接收天線相對於傳送天線之各種放置點以說明 在共面及同軸放置下之耦合強度。 圖9展示指示在傳送天線與接收天線之間的各種距離下 同軸放置的辆合強度的模擬結果。 圖10為根據本發明之例示性實施例的傳送器的簡化方塊 圖。 圖11為根據本發明之例示性實施例的接收器的簡化方塊 140363.doc -37- 201010236 圖。 圖12展7F用於在傳送器與接收^之間進行訊息傳遞的傳 送電路之部分的簡圖。 圖13 A至圖13C展不在各種狀態了之接&電路的一部分 的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。 圖14A至圖14C展示在么箱灿能丁 长谷種狀恝下之替代接收電路的一 部分的簡圖以說明接收器與值接 興得送态之間的訊息傳遞。 圖15A至圖15C為說明用於难.¥职^ Θ用於傳送器與接收器之間的通信 的訊息傳遞協定的時序圖。 圖16A至圖16D為說明用於在值 、在傳送|§與接收器之間傳送 電力的信標電力模式的簡化方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 la-3a 點 lb-3b 點 lc-3c 點 100 無線傳送或充電系統 102 輸入電力 104 傳送器 106 輻射場 108 接收器 110 輸出電力 112 距離 114 傳送天線 114C 大圓形環形傳送天線 140363.doc •38- 201010236
114S 正方形環形傳送天線 118 接收天線 118' 接收天線 119 獨立通信頻道 122 振盪器 123 調整信號 124 功率放大器 125 控制信號 126 濾波及匹配電路 132 匹配電路 136 電池 150 「環形」天線 152 電容器 154 電容器 156 諧振信號 170 曲線 172 曲線 174 曲線 180 曲線 182 曲線 190 曲線 200 傳送器 202 傳送電路 204 傳送天線 140363.doc -39- 201010236 206 固定阻抗匹配電路 208 低通滤、波器 210 功率放大器 212 振盪器 214 處理器 216 負載感測電路 220 載波信號 224 傳送調變信號 226 信號 228 電源 230 差動放大器 235 接收信號 300 接收器 302 接收電路 304 接收天線 306 電力轉換電路 308 RF至DC轉換器 310 DC至DC轉換器 312 切換電路 314 發信號偵測器及信標電路 316 處理器 318 整流器 320 傳送信號 322 DC電力信號 140363.doc -40- 201010236 350 器件/節點 410 重現週期 420 同步脈衝 420' 「白」脈衝 422 熱身週期 424 前向鍵路週期 426 監聽週期 427 交接週期 428 開始反向鍵路週期 430 反向鍵路週期 450 電力週期 450' 電力週期 510 信標耦合模式區 510' 南電力輛合模式區 520 傳送器 參 525 信標信號 525' 南電力信號 530 接收器件 - 535 反向鏈路麵合 C1-C3 電容器 D1 二極體 L1 特性電感 P1-P7 放置點 Pdl、Pd2、Pdn 電力區段 140363.doc • 41 · 201010236 R1、R2 電阻器 Rs 電阻器 S1A、SIB、S2A、S2B、S3B 開關
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Claims (1)
- 201010236 七、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種無線電力接收器,其包含: 一接收天線,其用以經由藉由一傳送天線產生之一近 場輻射來與該傳送天線耦合以產生一 RF信號;及 一切換電路,其可操作地耦接至該接收天線,且用以 在該切換電路處於一第一狀態時覆蓋該接收天線使之不 與該近場輻射耦合及在該切換電路處於一第二狀態時使 該接收天線能夠與該傳送天線耦合。 ❺2.如請求項1之無線電力接收器,其進一步包含一整流 器°亥整流器可操作地稱接至該接收天線且用以將該RF 信號轉換成一 DC信號以將電力供應至一接收器件。 3·如請求項1之無線電力接收器,其進一步包含一信號擷 取器’該信號擷取器可操作地耦接至該RF信號且用以偵 測該RF信號之一通/斷鍵控調變以回應於該通/斷鍵控調 變來操取一所傳送數位信號。 ⑩ 4.如請求項1之無線電力接收器,其中該切換電路包含: 一第一開關,其可操作地耦接於該接收天線與一接地 端之間;及 一第二開關,其可操作地耦接於該接收天線與一整流 器之間’用以將該RF信號轉換成一 DC信號以用於將電 力供應至一接收器件。 5.如請求項4之無線電力接收器,其中: 該第一狀態包含該第一開關處於一閉合狀態及該第二 開關處於一斷開狀態;及 140363.doc 201010236 該第二狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態及該第二 開關處於一閉合狀態。 6. 如請求項4之無線電力接收器,其中: 該第一狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態及該第二 開關處於一斷開狀態;及 該第二狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態及該第二 開關處於一閉合狀態。 7. 如請求項1之無線電力接收器,其中該切換電路包含: 一第一開關,用以將該接收天線選擇性地耦接至一耗 接至一接地端之電容器; 一整流器’其可操作地耦接至該接收天線且用以將該 RF信號轉換成一 DC信號以用於將電力供應至一接收器 件; 一第二開關’用以將該DC信號選擇性地耦接至一耗接 至該接地端之虛設負載;及 一第三開關,用以將該DC信號選擇性地耦接至該接收 器件。 8·如請求項7之無線電力接收器,其中: 該第一狀態包含該第一開關處於一閉合狀態、該第二 開關處於一斷開狀態,及該第三開關處於一閉合狀態;及 s亥第二狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態、該第二 開關處於一斷開狀態,及該第三開關處於一閉合狀態。 9·如請求項7之無線電力接收器,其中: 該第狀態包含該第一開關處於一閉合狀態、該第二 140363.doc . 201010236 開關處於—斷開狀態,及該第三開關處於一閉合狀態;及 該第二狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態、該第二 開關處於一閉合狀態,及該第三開關處於一斷開狀態。 ίο.如請求項7之無線電力接收器,其中: 該第一狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態、該第二 開關處於—閉合狀態,及該第三開關處於一斷開狀態;及 β亥第二狀態包含該第一開關處於一斷開狀態、該第二 開關處於一斷開狀態,及該第三開關處於一閉合狀態。 11. 一種無線電力接收器,其包含: 接收天線,其用以經由藉由一傳送天線產生之一近 場輻射來與該傳送天線耦合以產生一 RF信號; 一整流器,其可操作地耦接至該接收天線且用以將該 RF信號轉換成_ Dc信號以用於將電力供應至一接收器 件;及 一信號擷取器,其可操作地耦接至該接收天線及用以 φ 偵測該RF信號之一通/斷鍵控調變以回應於該通/斷鍵控 調變來擷取一所傳送數位信號。 12·如請求項n之無線電力接收器,其進一步包含一切換電 路,該切換電路可操作地耦接至該接收天線,且用以在 該切換電路處於一第一狀態時覆蓋該接收天線使之不與 該近場輻射耦合及在該切換電路處於一第二狀態時使該 接收天線能夠與該傳送天線辆合。 13.如請求項12之無線電力接收器,其中該切換電路包含: 一第一開關,其可操作地耦接於該接收天線與一接地 140363.doc 201010236 端之間;及 一第二開關’其可操作地耦接於該接收天線與該整流 器之間。 14.如凊求項12之無線電力接收器,其中該切換電路包含: 一第一開關,用以將該接收天線選擇性地耦接至一麵 接至一接地端之電容器; 一第二開關’用以將該Dc信號選擇性地耦接至一耦接 至該接地端之虛設負载;及 一第三開關,用以將該Dc信號選擇性地耦接至該接收 器件。 15. —種無線電力傳送器,其包含: 一傳送天線,其用以產生一近場輻射以用於耦合至一 接收天線; 一放大器,其具有—用於將電力供應給該放大器之電 力信號,該放大器用以將_RF信號施加至該傳送天線;及 -負載感測電路’其可操作地㈣至該放大器且用以 經由該電力信絲_—電流變化,其巾該負載感測電 路回應於該電流變化來產生一數位信號。 16. 如請求項Μ之無線電力傳 疋裔其進一步包含一可操作 地麵接至該放大器的傳送調變作 巧雙L號,其中該放大器進— 步用以在該傳送調變信號處 、第—狀態時將該RF信號 施加至該傳送天線及在該侓 得送調變信號處於一第二狀態 時將一 DC信號施加至該傳送天線。 17. 如請求項15之無線電力傳 丹甲該負載感測電路包 140363.doc -4 201010236 含: 一感測電阻器,其可操作地串聯耦接於一電源與該電 力信號之間;及一差動放大器包含: 一第一輸入’其耦接至該電源; 一第二輸入,其耦接至該電力信號;及 一輸出’其耦接至該數位信號。 18. 如請求項15之無線電力傳送器,其進一步包含一安置於 該近場輻射之-輕合模式區内的無線電力接收器,該無 罾線電力接收器包含: 該接收天線,用以經由藉由該傳送天線產生之該近場 輻射來與該傳送天㈣合以產生—所接收rf信號; 一整流器,其可操作地耦接至該接收天線且用以將該 所接收RF信號轉換成一Dc信號以用於將電力供應至一 接收器件;及 七號操取器,其可操作地輕接至該接收天線及用以 ❹ 彳貞測Θ所接收RF信號之-通/斷鍵控調變以回應於該通/ 斷鍵控調變來操取-所傳送數位信號。 19. 如請求項15之無線電力傳送器,其進一步包含—安置於 該近場輻射之合模式區㈣無線電力純器,該無 線電力接收器包含: 該接收天線,用以經由藉由該傳送天線產生之該近場 輻射來與該傳送天線麵合以產生__所接收rf信號;及 切換電路’其可操作地耗接至該接收天線,且用以 在4切換電路處於—第—狀態時覆蓋該接收天線使之不 140363.doc 201010236 與”亥近%輻射耦合及在該切換電路處於一第二狀態時使 該接收天線能夠與該傳送天線耦合。 20. —種無線電力傳輸之方法,其包含: 在一傳送天線之一諧振頻率處產生一電磁場以在該傳 送天線之一近場内建立一耦合模式區; 將接收天線安置於該耦合模式區内,其中該接收天 線實質上在該諧振頻率附近諧振; 自”玄接收天線與該傳送天線之該近場的一耦合擷取能 量;及 藉由以下各者自該接收天線發信號至該傳送天線: 產生該接收天線之一第一電力消耗狀態以用信號通 知一第一接收信號狀態;及 產生該接收天線之一第二電力消耗狀態以用信號通 知一第二接收信號狀態。 21. 如請求項2〇之方法’其中: 產生該第一電力消耗狀態包含藉由將該接收天線之該 諧振頻率調諧至一實質上不同於該傳送天線之該諧振頻 率的頻率來覆蓋該接收天線使之免於被該傳送天線偵測 到;及 產生該第二電力消耗狀態包含調諧該接收天線之該諧 振頻率使之貫質上在該傳送天線之該諧振頻率附近。 22.如請求項2〇之方法,其中· 產生该第一電力消耗狀態包含將該所擷取能量引導至 一接收器件以用於一操作電流之消耗或儲存;及 140363.doc 201010236 23. ❹24. 25. 產生5亥第二電力消耗狀態包含將該所擷取能量引導至 一具有—實質上不同於該操作電流之電流的虛設負載。 如凊求項20之方法’其進一步包含藉由以下各者自該傳 送天線發信號至該接收天線: 使該傳送天線能夠產生該諧振頻率以用信號通知—第 一傳送信號狀態;及 使該傳送天線不能夠產生該諧振頻率以用信號通知一 第二傳送信號狀態。 種無線電力傳輸系統,其包含: 用於在一傳送天線之一諧振頻率處產生一電磁場以在 該傳送天線之一近場内建立一耦合模式區的構件; 用於藉由一接收天線在該耦合模式區内接收該諧振頻 率的構件,其中該接收天線實質上在該諧振頻率附近諧 振; ° 用於自該接收天線與該傳送天線之該近場的一耦合擷 取能量的構件;及 用於藉由以下各者自該接收天線發信號至該傳送天線 的構件: 產生該接收天線之一第一電力消耗狀態以用信號通 知一第一接收信號狀態;及 產生s亥接收天線之一第二電力消耗狀態以用信號通 知一第二接收信號狀態。 如請求項24之系統,其中: 產生s亥第一電力消耗狀態包含一用於藉由將該接收天 140363.doc 201010236 線之該諧振頻率調譜至一f質上+同於該傳送天線之該 諧振頻率的頻率來覆蓋該接收天線使之免於被該傳送天 線偵測到的構件;及 產生該第二電力消耗狀態包含一用於調諧該接收天線 之該错振頻率使之實質上在該傳送天線之㈣振頻率附 近的構件。 26.如請求項24之系統,其中: 產生該第一電力消耗狀態包含一用於將該所摘取能量 引導至-接收器件以用於—操作電流之;肖耗或儲存的構 件;及 產生該第二電力消耗狀態包含一用於將該所操取能量 引導至-具有-實質上不同於該操作電流之電流的虛設 負載的構件。 27·如請求項24之系統’其進一步包含用於藉由以下各者自 該傳送天線發信號至該接收天線的構件: 使該傳送天線能約產生該諧振頻率以用信號通知—第 一傳送信號狀態;及 *使該傳送天料㈣產生料振頻率1^信號通知一 第二傳送信號狀態。 140363.doc
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