TW201004092A - Repeaters for enhancement of wireless power transfer - Google Patents
Repeaters for enhancement of wireless power transfer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201004092A TW201004092A TW98115925A TW98115925A TW201004092A TW 201004092 A TW201004092 A TW 201004092A TW 98115925 A TW98115925 A TW 98115925A TW 98115925 A TW98115925 A TW 98115925A TW 201004092 A TW201004092 A TW 201004092A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- receiving
- power
- transponder
- transmitting
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
- G06K19/0715—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including means to regulate power transfer to the integrated circuit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10158—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
- G06K7/10178—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field including auxiliary means for focusing, repeating or boosting the electromagnetic interrogation field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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- H02J5/005—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
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- H02J7/025—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
- H04B5/48—Transceivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/72—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
- H02J50/502—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices the energy repeater being integrated together with the emitter or the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
Description
201004092 六、發明說明: 依據35 U.S.C. §119之優先權主張 本申請案依據35 U.S.C. §119(e)主張以下各案的優先 權: 於2008年6月 11 曰申請之題為「REVERSE LINK SIGNALING VIA RECEIVE ANTENNA IMPEDANCE MODULATION」的美國 臨時專利申請案61/060,735 ; 於2008年6月11日申請之題為「SIGNALING CHARGING IN WIRELESS POWER ENVIRONMENT」的美國臨時專利 申請案 61/060,738 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「ADAPTIVE TUNING MECHANISM FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/053,008 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為 「EFFICIENT POWER MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS POWER CHARGING SYSTEMS」的美國臨時專利申請案61/053,010 ; 於2008年6月11日申請之題為「TRANSMIT POWER CONTROL FOR A WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM」的美 國臨時專利申請案61/060,741 ; 於2008年5月13曰申請之題為 「REPEATERS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的 美國臨時專利申請案61/053,000 ; 於2008年5月13曰申請之題為「WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER FOR APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENTS」的美 140357,doc 201004092 國臨時專利申請案61/053,004 ; 於2008年7月16日申請之題為「WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING NEGATIVE RESISTANCE」的美國臨 時專利申請案61/081,332 ; 於2008年5月13日申請之題為「EMBEDDED RECEIVE ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER」的美國 臨時專利申請案61/053,012 ;及 於2008年5月13曰申請之題為「PLANAR LARGE AREA WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM」的美國臨時專利申請案 61/053,015 。 【先前技術】 通常,每一電池供電器件(諸如,無線電子器件)需要自 有充電器及電力源,其通常為交流(AC)電力出線座。在許 多器件需要充電時,此種有線組態變得難以使用。 正開發在傳送器與耦接至待充電之電子器件的接收器之 間使用空中或無線電力傳送的方法。此等方法通常落在兩 個類別中。一個類別係基於介於傳送天線與待充電之器件 上的接收天線之間的平面波輻射(亦被稱作遠場輕射)的# 合。接收天線收集所輻射之電力且對其進行整流以供對I 池充電。天線通常具有諧振長度以便改良耦合效率。此方 法的缺點為電力耦合隨著天線之間的距離增加而快逮_ 退。因此,跨越合理長度(例如,小於1公尺至2公尺)來充 電變為困難的。另外,由於傳送系統輻射平面波,所以若 未經由濾波來進行適當控制,則無意之輻射可干擾其他系 140357.doc 201004092 統。 無線能量傳送技術之i 「 /、他方法係基於在嵌入於(例如) 「充電」墊或表面中的傳送夭綠办山 ) 、天線與肷入於待充電之主機電 子裔件中的接收天線(加上 L電路)之間的電感耦合。此 種方法具有以下缺點,卽 傳廷天線與接收天線之間的間 隔必須非常接近(例如, ,在千分之幾公尺内)。儘管此種方 法確實具有對相同區域中夕夕/门口。 J •域中之多個器件同時充電的能力,但 此區域通常非常小且要炙 要衣使用者將該等器件準確地定位至 一特定區域。因此,需要裎 而要七供一種適應傳送天線及接收天 線之靈活放置及定向的無線充電配置。 【實施方式】 詞語「例示性」在本文中 _ 一 〒用以忍明「充當貫例、例子或 例示」。本文中描述為「例 ^ y y ^ 、 不丨生」之任何實施例不必被理 解為比其他實施例較佳或有利。 _在下文結合附圖陳述之詳細描述意欲作為對本發明之例 丁 !生實把例的#田述且不意欲表示可實踐本發明的唯一實施 例。在此描述各處所使用之術語「例示性」意謂「充當實 例例子或例不」且不應被理解為比其他例示性實施例較 仏或有利°亥°羊細描述包括特定細節以便達成提供對本發 月之例不性貝施例之激底理解的目的。熟習此項技術者將 明瞭可在無此等特定細節之情況下實踐本發明之例示性實 施例。在-些情況下’以方塊圖形式來展示熟知結構及器 件以便避免使本文所呈現之例示性實施例的新穎性不清 楚。 140357.doc 201004092 '司"吾無線電力」在本文中用以意謂與在不使用實體電 磁導體之情況下自傳送器傳送至接收器的電場、磁場、電 磁場或其他者相關聯的任何形式之能量。 圖1說明根據本發明之各種例示性實施例的無線傳送或 充電系統100。將輸入電力102提供至傳送器104以供產生 用於提供能量傳輸之輻射場106。一接收器108耦合至輻射 % 106且產生—輸出電力11〇以供耦接至輸出電力之器 件(未圖示)儲存或消耗。傳送器1〇4與接收器1〇8相隔距離 112在一例不性實施例中,根據相互諧振關係來組態傳 迈1 04及接收器丨〇8,且當接收器} 〇8位於輻射場1 %之 I昜」中時,在接收器i 〇8之諧振頻率與傳送器1 〇4之諧 振頻率完全相同時,傳送器1〇4與接收器1〇8之間的傳送損 失為最小的。 傳送器1G4進-步包括—用於提供用於能量傳送之構件 的傳送天線U4 ’且接收器1〇8進一步包括用於提供用於能 量,收之構件的接收天線11 8。根據應用及將與之相關聯 之夯件來對傳送天線及接收天線定尺寸。如所陳述,藉由 =傳送天線之近場中的大部分能量耗合至接收天線而非以 去、波开v式將夕|能量傳播i遠場來進行有效能量傳輸。 當在此近場中時’可在料天線U4與接收天線ιΐ8之間形 模式在天線114及11 8四周此近場耦合可發生的區 域在本文中被稱作耦合模式區。 θ展示…、線電力傳輸系統之簡化示意圖。傳送器1 包 括一振盪器122、一劝圭妨士毋,„ 羊放大盗124及一濾波及匹配電路 M0357.doc 201004092 126。該振盪器經組態以在所要頻率下產生,可回應於調 整k號123來調整該所要頻率。可藉由功率放大器以一 回應於控制信號125之放大量來放大振盪器信號。濾波及 匹配電路126可經包括以濾出諧波或其他不想要之頻率且 將傳送器104之阻抗與傳送天線114匹配。 接收器可包括一匹配電路132及一整流及切換電路以產 生一DC電力輸出以對電池136(如圖2所示)充電或對耦接至 接收器之器件(未圖示)供電。匹配電路132可經包括以將接 收器1 08之阻抗與接收天線118匹配。 「如圖3所說明,例示性實施例中所使用之天線可組態為 王衣形j天線150,其在本文中亦可被稱作「磁性」天 線裒形天線可經組態以包括一空心或實體心(諸如,肥 粒鐵〜)。g心、環形天線可更好地容許放置於該心附近之 外來實體料。此外,環形天線允許其他组件放置 ;區域内。另外’一空心環形可更易於使得能夠將接收 天線118(圖2)放置於傳送天線114(圖2)之平面π,在該平 面内傳送天線114(圖2)之搞合模式區可更強大。 如所陳述,在傳送器104與接收器108之間的譜振匹配或 =配期間’發生傳送器1〇4與接收器ι〇8之間的有效能 1别。然而,即使當傳送器1〇4與接收器108之間的古皆择 不匹配時,亦可.& 7 幻伯振 宂丌在較低效率下傳輸能量。藉由將來自 天線之近場的能詈說人 寻运 耦5至駐於建立了此近場之鄰域中的接 收天線而非將能晋白蚀、、,= 量傳輪。 里自傳运天線傳播至自由空間中來進行能 140357.doc 201004092 環形或磁性天線之譜振頻率係基於電感及電容。環形天 線:之電感通常僅為由該環形天線產生之電感,而通常將 電谷添加至環形天線之電感以在所要譜振頻率下產生一譜 振結構。作為-非限制性實例,可將電容器152及電容器 154添加至该天線以建立一產生諧振信號的諧振電路。 :此’對於較大直徑之環形天線而言,誘發諧振所需之電 :的大小隨著環形天線之直徑或電感增加而減小。此外, 隨著環形天線或磁性天線之直彳t增加,近場之有效能 輸區域增加。當然’其他義電路為可能的。作為另 限制性實例,一電容器可並行地放置於環形天線之兩個端 子之間。另外,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,對於傳送 天線,6自振信號1 5 6可為環形天線i 5 〇之輸入。 、 本發明之例示性實施例包括在處於彼此之近場中的兩個 :線之間耦合電力。如所陳述’近場為在天線四周磁場存 仁不可傳播或輕射遠離該天線的區知戈。其通常限制於 近該天線之實體體積的體積。在本發明之例示性實施你 中磁性型天線(諸如,單匝環形天線及多匝環形天線用 :傳送(Τχ)及接收(Rx)天線系統兩者,因為與電型天線 二Γ:極)之電近場相比,磁性型天線之磁近場振幅傾 D :父问。此允許該對天線之間的潛在較高耦合。此外, 亦涵盍「電」天線(例如,偶極及單極)或磁性天線蛊泰 線之組合。 /、冤天 Τχ天線可在足夠i之頻率下及在天線大小足夠大之卜 下操作’以在顯著大於由早先所提及之遠場及電感方= 140357.doc 201004092 許之距離的距離下達成至小尺乂天線之良好耦合(例如, dB)。若對Τχ天線正確地定尺寸’則在主機器件上之以天 線放置於受驅動Τχ環形天線之耦合模式區(亦即,在近場 中)内時,可達成高耦合程度(例如,_2至_4 dB)。 圖4展示指·示傳送天線與接收天線之間的耦合強度的模 擬結果。曲線170及172分別指示傳送天線及接收天線之電 力接受的量測。換言之,在大負數之情況下,存在非常緊 密之阻抗匹配,且多數電力被接受且因此由傳送天線輻 射。相反,小負數指示多數電力被自天線反射回,因為在 給定頻率下不存在緊密阻抗匹配。在圖4中,調諧傳送天 線及接收天線以使之具有約13 56 MHz之諧振頻率。 曲線170說明在各個頻率處之自傳送天線傳送之電力 量。因此,在對應於約13.528 MHz& 13.593 MHz的點1&及 3a處,多數電力被反射且不傳送到傳送天線外。然而,在 對應於約13.56 MHz之點以處,可看到,大量電力被接受 且傳送到天線外。 類似地,曲線172說明在各個頻率處由接收天線接收之 %力量。因此,在對應於約13 528 MHz& i3 593 的點 lb及3b處,多數電力被反射且不經由接收天線傳送及進入 接收器中。然而,在對應於約13 56 MHz之點几處,可看 到,大量電力被接收天線接受且傳送至接收器中。 曲線174指示在經由傳送天線自傳送器傳送、經由接收 天線接收且傳送至接收器後在接收器處接收到的電力量。 因此,在對應於約13.528 MHz及13.593 MHz之點lc及3c 140357.doc 201004092 處’傳送出傳送器外之電力的多數在接收器處為不可用 的,因為⑴傳送天線拒絕自傳送器傳送至其之多數 ⑺傳送天線與接收天線之間的麵合隨著頻率偏離譜振頻率 而效率降低。然而,在對應於約13 56 MHz之點&處,' 看到,自傳送器傳送之大量電力在接收器處為可用的’指 不傳达天線與接收天線之間的高耦合程度。 圖及圖5B展不根據本發明之例示性實施例的用於 送天線及接收天線之環形天線的布局。可以許多不同方式 ^組態環形天線,在廣泛各種大小下具有單個環或多個 %。另外’该等環可呈許多不同形狀諸如(僅舉例)圓 形、橢圓形、正方形及矩形。圖5錢明大正方形環形傳送 天線U4S及小正方形環形接收天線m,小正方形環形接 收天線m與傳送天線U4S放置於相同平面中且接近
送天線U4S之中"。圖5B說明大圓形環形傳送天線114C 及小正方形環形接收天線118,,小正方形環形接收天線 與傳送天線114C放置於相同平面中且接近於傳送天線 114C之中心。正方形環形傳送天線1US具有邊長ra」,而 圓料形傳送天線114C具有直徑「巾」。對於正方形環5 而έ ,可展不存在等效圓形環形,其直徑可界定為: <J>eq=4a/7c。 ,圖6展示指示與圖4A及圖4B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 达天線的各種周圍有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的耦 合強度的模擬結果。因此’曲線18〇展示在圓形環形傳送 天線114C之各種周圍大小下圓形環形傳送天線⑽與接收 140357.doc -10- 201004092 天線11 8之間的輕合強度。類似地,曲線】展示在正方形 環形傳送天線I14S之各種等效周圍大小下正方形環形傳送 天線114S與接收天線118,之間的耦合強度。 ,圖7展示指示與圖5A及圖5B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 达天線的各種表面積有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的 麵口強度的权擬結果。因此,曲線】9〇展示在圓形環形傳 运天線114C之各種表面積下圓形環形傳送天線u4c與接收 天線118之間的耦合強度。類似地,曲線192展示在正方形 ¥ &傳^:天線114S之各種表面積下正方形環形傳送天線 U4S與接收天線118’之間的耦合強度。 圖8展不接收天線相對於傳送天線之各種放置點以說明 在共面及同軸放置下之耦合強度。如本文所使用,「共 面」意謂傳送天線與接收天線具有大體上對準之平面 即,具有指向大體上相同之方向的表面法線)且傳送天線 與接收天線之平面之間不具有距離(或具有小距離)。如本 文所使用,@軸」意謂傳送天線與接收天線具有大體上 對準之平面(亦即’具有指向大體上相同之方向的表面法 線)且該兩個平面之間的距離並非細小的,且此外,傳送 天線與接收天線之表面法線大體上沿著相同向量延伸,或 該兩個法線排成梯形。 作為實例’ fipl、P2、p3&p7為接收天線相對於傳送天 線之所有共面放置點。作盔s ^ ., 1點彳乍為另—實例,點p5及P6為接收天 線相對於傳送天線之同軸放置點。下表展示在圖8所說明 之各個放置點(pi至p7)處的耗合強度(s2i)及耗合效率(表 140357.doc 201004092 示為自傳it天線傳送之到達接收天線的電力#百分數) 表1 ϋ___ _距平面的距離(cm) S21效率(%)
效率。放置點P7亦為共面放置點 :可:到’共面放置點P1、P2AP3皆展示相對高之耗合 部。雖然放置點P7不且有W人^ 傳达㈣天線外 P 合效率,但彳㈣顯存在一些 轉合且耗合模式區延伸超出傳送環形天線之周邊。— 放置點P5與傳送天線同轴且展示相當大㈣合效率。放 置點Ρ5之相合效率不如共面放置點之輕合效率—樣高。秋 而二置點Ρ5之搞合效率為足夠高的,使得可在同軸放置 之傳送天線與接收天線之間傳送大量電力。 放置點Ρ4處於傳送天線之周圍内但在傳送天線之平面上 :有些許距離處之一位置中’其可被稱作偏移同轴放置 卢表面法線在大體上相同之方向上但處於不同位置 或偏移共面(亦即,表面法線在大體上相同之方向上,曰 平面相對於彼此偏移)。自該表’可看到,在偏移距離為 爪時’放置點Ρ4仍具有相對良好之耦合效率。 放置點Ρ6_㈣送天線之周料部且處於傳送天線之 140357.doc •12- 201004092 平面上方相當大距離處的放置點。如可自該表看到,放置 點p7展示傳送天線與接收天線之間的很少耦合效率。 圖9展不指示在傳送天線與接收天線之間的各種距離下 同軸放置的耦合強度的模擬結果。圖9之模擬係關於處於 同軸放置之正方形傳送天線及接收天線,其均具有約i 2 公尺之邊且處於l〇MHz之傳送頻率下。可看到,在距離小 於約0.5公尺時’耦合強度保持相當高且均_。 圖1〇為根據本發明之例示性實施例的傳送器的簡化方塊 圖。一傳送器200包括傳送電路2〇2及一傳送天線2〇4。大 體上,傳送電路202藉由提供一致使在傳送天線2〇4周圍產 生近場能量的振盪信號來將RF電力提供至傳送天線2〇4。 舉例而言’傳送器200可在13.56MHzISM頻帶處操作。 例示性傳送電路202包括一用於將傳送電路2〇2之阻抗 (例如,50歐姆)匹配至傳送天線2〇4的固定阻抗匹配電路 206,及一經組嘘以將諧波發射減少至防止耦接至接收器 1〇8(圖1)之器件的自干擾的位準的低通滤波器(LpF)⑽。 其他實施例可包括不⑽波器拓撲(包括但不限於使特定 頻率衰減而同時使其他頻率通過的陷波遽波器),且可包 括-適應性阻抗匹配,其可基於可量測傳送量度(諸如, 至天線之輸出電力或由功率放大器汲取之%電流)來改 文傳送電路202進-步包括一經組態以驅動由振蘯器犯 判定之㈣號的功率放大器21()。傳送電路可包含離散器 件或電路’或替代地,彳包含整合式總成。一來自傳送天 線204之例示性尺!?電力輪出可為約2 5瓦。 140357.doc •13- 201004092 傳送電路202進一步包括—處理器214,該處理器214用 於在特定接收器之傳送階段(或工作循環)期間致能振盪器 用於為王6亥振盡器之頻率,及用於調整用於實施通 信協定(用於經由鄰近器件所附接之接收器與鄰近器件互 動)的輸出電力位準。 傳达電路202可進一步包括一用於偵測在由傳送天線2〇4 產生之近場附近是否存在作用中之接收器的負載感測電路 216。舉例而言,一負載感測電路21 6監視流動至功率放大 器210之電流,其受在由傳送天線204產生之近場附近的作 用中之接收器的存在與否影響。對功率放大器21〇上之負 載改變的偵測係由處理器214監視,其用於判定是否致能 振盪器212以傳送能量以與作用中之接收器通信。 傳达天線204可實施為天線條,其具有經選擇以使電阻 性損失保持為低的厚度、寬度及金屬類型。在習知實施 中,傳送天線204可通常經組態以與較大結構(諸如,桌 子、墊、燈或其他不便攜帶之組態)相關聯。因此,傳送 天線204通常將不需要「阻」以便為特定尺寸。傳送天線 2〇4之例示性實施可為「電學上小的」(亦即,波長之分數) 且經調諧以藉由使用電容器來界定諧振頻率來在較低之可 用頻率下谐振。在傳送天線2()4在直徑或邊長(若為正方形 環形)上相對於接收天線可為較大(例如,〇 5〇公尺)的例示 性應用中,傳送天線2〇4將未必需要較大匝數以獲得合理 電容。 圖11為根據本發明之實施例的接收器的方塊目。一接收 140357.doc -14- 201004092 器300包括接收電路3G2及—接收天線_。接收器進一 步麵接至器件350以向其提供所接收之電力。請注音,將 接收器300說明為在器件35叫部但可整合於器件35〇中。 通常’能量係無線地傳播至接收天線她且接著經由接收 電路3 02而輕合至器件350。
接收天線304經調譜以在與傳送天線2。4(圖聊同之頻 率下或幾乎相同之頻率下譜振。接收天線3〇4可與傳送天 線204類似地定尺寸,或可基於相關聯器件35〇之尺寸來不 同地定尺寸。舉例而言,器件35〇可為具有小於傳送天線 2〇4之直徑或長度的直徑或長度尺寸的攜帶型電子器件。 在此類實例中,接收天線304可實施為多£天線以便減少 調諧電容器(未圖示)之電容值且增加接收天線之阻抗。舉 例而言,接收天線304可放置於器件35〇之實質周圍四周, 以便最大化天線直徑及減少接收天線之環形區(亦即,繞 組)之數目及繞組間電容。 接收電路302提供與接收天線3〇4的阻抗匹配。接收電路 302包括用於將一所接收RF能量源轉換至供器件35〇使用之 充電電力的電力轉換電路306。電力轉換電路3〇6包括—rf 至DC轉換器308且亦可包括一 1)(::至〇(:轉換器31〇。耵至 DC轉換器308將接收天線3〇4處接收到之RF能量信號整流 成非交流電力,而DC至DC轉換器310將經整流之RF能量 信號轉換至可與器件350相容的能量勢(例如,電壓)。涵蓋 各種RF至DC轉換器,包括部分及全整流器、調節器、橋 接器、倍加器以及線性及切換轉換器。 I40357.doc 15 201004092 接收電路302可進一步包括用於將接收天線州連接至電 力轉換電路306或替代地用於將電 肝電力轉換電路306斷開的切 = 文更充分地解釋,將接收天線3。植電力 轉換電路306斷開不僅暫時中止對器件㈣之充電,且 變傳送器200(圖2)所「看到」之「 ’、 傳送态2GG包括貞制測電路216, 革放大以〇之偏置電流的波動。因此,傳送器咖 於判定接收11何時存在於傳送器之近場中的機制/、 當多個接收H3GG存在於傳送器之近場中時, 一或多個接收器之負載及釦恭 ^ τ „ 卸冑進订時間多工以使其他接收 益能夠更有效地轉合至彳I g 柄口主傅达态。亦可覆蓋一 除至其他附近之接收号之耦人“, “以便4 益之耦5或減少附近傳送器上之負 載。接收器之此「卸載右i 、 」在本文中亦被稱為「覆蓋」。此 外,如下文更充分地解釋, 接收σσ 300控制且由傳送哭 200偵測的卸載與負載之間寻、时 你。。 G刀換徒供了自接收器300至 傳送益200的通信機制。另一… 3α ^ ,Λ ^ , 協疋可與該切換相關 聯,该協定致能自接收器3〇〇 主得达盗200的訊息傳送。皋 例而言,切換速度可為約100微秒。 在一例示性實施例中,值 。 傳送盗與接收器之間的通信指代 器件感測及充電控制拖法d 径職制,而非習知雙向通信。換言之, 料器使用所傳送信號之通/斷鍵控來調整能量在近場中 =否:用。接收益將此等能量變化解譯為來自傳送器之訊 息。自接收器側,接收哭估 D。使用接收天線之調諧及去諧來調 整正接受來自近媒夕夕| & 夕V電力。傳送器可偵測來自近場之 140357.doc -16 - 201004092 所使用電力的此差異且將此等 息。 變化解譯為來自接收器之訊 接收電路302可進一步自缸田 以識別接收到之能量波動 的發b號偵測器及信標電路3 邊專旎董波動可對應於 自傳送器至接收器之資訊性發 放5虎。此外,發信號及信標 電路314亦可用以偵測減少 ^ 號此置(亦即,信標作 號)的傳送及將該減少之rf_ '、σ σ虎月b量整流成標稱電力以用 於喚醒接收電路3 〇 2内之未供電 {
% 4耗蓋電力之電路以便组 態接收電路302以進行無線充電。 、· 接收電路3 02進一步僉括田认^ ^^括用於協調本文所描述之接收器 3 0 0之處理(包括對本文所ρ 田述之切換電路312的控制)的處 益3二。接收器3〇〇之覆蓋亦可在發生其他事件⑽偵 ^到向Μ350提供充電電力之外部有線充電源(例如,壁 ’/USB電力))後發生。除了控制接收器之覆蓋外,處理器 W亦可監視信標電路314以料—信標狀態及掏取自傳送 =送之訊息。處理n316亦可調整崎沉轉換器3ι〇以 獲得改良之效能。 〜圖12展示用於在傳送器與接收器之間進行訊息傳遞 k電路之部分的簡圖。在本發明之—些例示性實施例中, 可在傳送ϋ與接收n之間致能用於通信之構件。在圖12 中功率放大器210驅動傳送天線204以產生輻射場。該功 率j大器由在對於傳送天線2〇4為所要之頻率下振盪的載 波W22G來驅動。使用傳送調變信號224來控制 器210之輸出。 午狹大 140357.doc -17- 201004092 傳送電路可藉由對功率放大器2iq使用—通/斷鍵控過程 來將n傳送至接收ϋ。換言之,在確定傳送調變信號 4夺功率放大器210將在傳送天線2〇4上驅動載波信號 22G之頻率°在否定傳送調變信號224時,功率放大器在傳 送天線204上將不驅動任何頻率。 圖12之傳送電路亦包括—將電力供應至功率放大器21〇 且產生—接收信號235輸出的負載感測電路210。在負戴感 測電路2】6中,跨電阻器&之電塵降形成於信號之電力 ’、力率放大盗21 0之電源228之間。功率放大器2 j 〇所消耗 之電力的任何變化將引起將由差動放大器230放大的電壓 降的炎化。當傳达天線與接收器(未展示於圖1 2中)中之接 收天線處於轉合模式時,由功率放大器2⑼及取之電流量 將改變。換言之,若傳送天線21料存在@合模式譜振, 則驅動輻射場所需之電力將為第一量。若存在耗合模式譜 振’則功率放大器210所消耗之電力量將上升,因為多數 電力搞合至接收天線中。因此,如下文所解釋,接收天線 235可指示耦合至傳送天線235之接收天線的存在且亦可偵 測自接收天線傳送之信號。另外,接收器電流沒取之變化 可在傳送器之功率放大器電流沒取中觀測到,且如下文所 解釋,此變化可用以偵測來自接收天線之信號。 圖13A至圖13C展示在各種狀態下之接收電路的一部分 的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。圖Μ至 圖13C皆展示相同電路元件’不同之處為各個開關之狀 態。接收天線304包括—特性電扣,其驅動節點35〇。節 140357.doc -18- 201004092 點350經由開關S1A選擇性地耦接至接地端。節點35〇亦經 由開關S1B選擇性地耦接至二極體⑴及整流器318。整流 器3 1 8將D C電力信號3 2 2供應至—接收器件(未圖示)以對該 接收器件供電、對電池充電,或其組合。二極體叫與電容 器C3及電阻器R1 —同耦接至傳送信號32〇,傳送信號32〇 經濾波以移除諧波及不想要之頻率。因此,〇卜〇及幻之 組合可在傳送信號320上產生一信號,其模仿由上文參看 圖12之傳送器來論述的傳送調變信號224產生的傳送調 變〇 本發明之例示性實施例包括對接收器件之電流汲取的調 變及對接收天線之阻抗的調變以實現反向鏈路發信號。參 看圖13A及圖12兩者,在接收器件之電力汲取變化時負 載感測電路216谓測傳送天線上之所得電力變化且由此 等變化可產生接收信號235。 在圖13A至圖13C之實施例中’可藉由修改開關“a及 S2A之狀態來改變經由傳送器之電流汲取。在圖“A中, 開關S1A及開關S2A均斷開而產生—「DC斷開狀態」且實 質上自傳送天線2〇4移除負載。此減少料器所看到之 流。 在圖13B中,開關S1A閉合且開關S2A斷開,從而產生接 ,天線304之「DC短路狀態」。因此,可使用圖i3B中之狀 您來增加在傳送器_所看到之電流。 在圖13C中,開關S1A斷開且開關S2A閉合而產生—正常 接收模式(在本文中亦被稱作「Dc操作狀態」),其中電力 140357.doc •19· 201004092 可由㈣出信號322供應且可偵測到傳送信號32〇。在圖 所不之狀姑下,接收器接收一正常電力量,因此消耗 比DC斷開狀態或沉短路狀態時多或少的來自傳送天線之 ^反向鏈路發信號可藉由Dc操作狀細i3c)_c短路狀 Μ圖13B)之間的切換來實現。反向鏈路發信號亦可藉由 DC操作狀態(圖13〇與Dc斷開狀態(圖叫之μ的切換來 實現。 圖ΜΑ至圖14C展示在各種狀態下之替代接收電路的一 部分的簡圖以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞。 圖14A至圖14C皆展示相同電路元件,不同之處為各個 開關之狀態。接收天線3G4包括—特性電扣,其驅動節 點350。節點350經由電容器C1及開關sib來選擇性地耦接 至接地端。節點350亦經由電容器〇來八(:耦接至二極體⑴ 及整流器318。二極體01與電容器〇及電阻器尺卜同轉接 至傳送信號320,傳送信號320經濾波以移除諧波及不想要 之頻率。因此,Dl、C3及R1之組合可在傳送信號32〇上產 生一信號,其模仿由上文參看圖12之傳送器來論述的傳送 調變信號224產生的傳送調變。 正"il器3 1 8連接至開關§2Β,開關S2B與電阻器R2及接地 端串聯連接。整流器3 18亦連接至開關S3B。開關S3B之另 一側將DC電力信號322供應至一接收器件(未圖示)以對該 接收器件供電、對電池充電,或其組合。 在圖13A至圖13C中,藉由經由開關S1B選擇性地將接收 140357.doc -20· 201004092 天線3 04耗接至接地端來改變該接收天線之dc阻抗。相對 照地’在圖1 4A至圖14C之實施例中,可藉由修改開關 SIB、S2B及S3B之狀態以改變接收天線3〇4iAc阻抗來修 改天線之阻抗以產生反向鏈路發信號。在圖14A至圖14(: 中’可藉由電容器C2來調諧接收天線3〇4之諧振頻率。因 此,可藉由使用開關S1B經由電容器C1來選擇性地耦接接 收天線304(基本上將諧振電路改變至將在與傳送天線最佳 搞合的範圍外的不同頻率)來改變接收天線则的ac阻抗。 若接收天線304之諧振頻率接近於傳送天線之諧振頻率, 妾收天線304處於傳送天線之近場中,則可形成一執合 模式,其中接收器可自輻射場1〇6汲取顯著電力。 在圖14A中’開關S1B閉合,此將天線去諧且產生一 「AC覆蓋狀態」’該「AC覆蓋狀態」基本上「覆蓋」接收 天線304使之免於被傳送天線⑽偵測到,因為接收天線不 ㈣达天線之頻率處諧振。由於接收天線將不處於輕合模 ^要所以開關S2B及㈣之狀態對於本論述而言並非特 在圖14B中,開關仙斷開,開關㈣閉合,且開關咖 斷開’從而產生接收天線3〇4之「經調諧假負載狀態 為開關S1B斷開,所以電容、〜'」* 〜響諧振電路,a盥φ 谷器C2组合之接收天線3〇4將處於—可二電 頻率匹配的諧振頻率下。n 線之占振 貝午下開關S3B斷開與開關s 組合為整流器產生一指對高電流假閉5之 線304汲取更多電力 、’、字經由接收天 T由傳运天線感測到。另外,可 140357.doc •21 201004092 偵測到傳送信號32〇,因為接收天線處於自傳送天線接收 電力的狀態下。 在圖14C中,開關S1B斷開,開關咖斷開,且開關㈣ 閉合’從而產生接收天線304之「經調諧操作狀態」。因為 開關S1B斷開,所以電容器。不影響諧振電路,且與電容 器C2組合之接收天線3〇4將處於一可與傳送天線之譜振頻 率匹配的諸振頻率下。開關S2B斷開與開關㈣閉合之粗 合產生—正常操作狀態,其中電力可由DC輸出信號322供 應且可偵測到一傳送信號32〇。 —反向鏈路發信號可藉由經調諧操作狀態(圖14C)與从覆 羞狀態(®14A)之間的切換來實現。反向鏈路發信號亦可 藉由經調譜假負載狀態(圖! 4B)與Ac覆蓋狀態(圖i 4A)之間 的切換來貫現。反向鏈路發信號亦可藉由經調譜操作狀態 (圖14C)與、㈣错假負載狀態(圖i4B)之間的切換來實現, 因為接收器所消耗之電力量將存在差異,此可由傳送器中 之負載感測電路偵測到。 當然,一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,可使用開關 SjB、S2B及㈣之其他組合來建立覆蓋、產生反向鍵路發 U及將電力供應至接收器件。另外,可將開關S以及 S1B添广至圖UA至圖14。之電路以建立其他可能組合以進 灯覆盍、反向鏈路發信號及將電力供應至接收器件。 在處於耦合杈式下時,如上文參看圖12所論述, 號自傳送器傳送至接收器。另外,在處於辆合模式 下妗,如上文參看圖13A至圖13C及圖14Λ至圖14C所論 I40357.doc •22- 201004092 述,可將信號自接收器傳送至傳送器。 圖15A至圖〗5C為說明用於 9» ^ ^ 更用上述發信號技術在傳送 姦,、接收器之間通信的訊息傳 干枓m 」寻遞協疋的時序圖。在一種 不性方法中,自傳送器至接收 「二 益的#唬在本文中被稱作 别向鏈路」且使用正常振 線^ . 孟興無振盪之間的簡單AM調 .羞。亦涵盍其他調變技術。作 料非限制性實例,信號存在 °為1,且無信號存在可解譯為〇。 士藉由對接收器件所沒取之電力的調變來提供反向鍵路發 L號》亥電力汲取可藉由傳送器中之負載感測電路偵測 到。作為非限制性實例’較高電力狀態可解譯為i,且較 低電力狀態可解譯為〇。請注意’傳送器必須開啟以便接 收益能夠執行反向鏈路發信號。另外,在前向鏈路發信號 ,間接收器應不執行反向鏈路發信號。此外,若兩個接收 器件試圖同時執行反向鏈路發信號,則衝突可發生,此將 使傳送器難以(若非不可能)解碼適#反向鏈路信號。 在本文所描述之例示性實施例中,發信號類似於具有一 開始位元、-資料位元組、一同位位元及一停止位元的通 用非同步接收傳送(UART)串列通信協定.當然,任何_ 列通信協定可適於進行本文所描述的本發明之例示性實施 例。為便於描述且並非限制,將描述訊息傳遞協定,使得 用於傳達每一位元組傳送之週期為約丨〇 mS。 圖1 5 A說明訊息傳遞協定之最簡單且最低電力的形式。 將在每個重現週期41〇(在例示性實施例中為約一秒)重複同 步脈衝420。作為非限制性實例,同步脈衝工作時間可為 140357.doc -23- 201004092 約40 mS。在傳送器開啟時,
Ta , 具有至少—同步脈衝420之重 現週期410可無限地重複。 叫/心、,同步脈衝」有些許用 二因為如由「白」脈衝伽所說明,同步脈衝350可 為在脈衝週期期間的穩態頻率。同步脈衝亦可包師 由上述之通/斷鍵控且如「 曰 π〜」脈衝420所說明在諧振頻 率處發信號。圖15Α說明—最 取J電力狀悲,其中諧振頻率 、之電力係在同步脈衝420期間供應的且傳送天線在電力 週期4 5 0期間為關閉的。允許戶斤右垃&抑μ + 期間接收電力。 相有接收盗件在同步脈衝420 圖Β„兒明具有同步脈衝42〇、反向鍵路週期彻及電力 週期450,之重現週期410,其中傳送天線開啟且藉由在言皆振 頻率處振盈且不執行任何發信號來供應全電力。上時序圖 。兒月ι個重現週期41〇 ’且下時序圖說明同步脈衝㈣及反 向鏈路週期430之分解圖。如下文所解釋,電力週期卿可 分成用於多個接收器件之不同週期。圖⑽展示用於三個 不同接收器件之三個電力區段pdl、pd2及pdn。 在岫向鏈路發信號發生時,同步脈衝42〇可包括熱身週 期422、前向鏈路週期424及監聽週期426。監聽週期426可 包括一父遞週期427及—開始反向鏈路週期々Μ。在同步脈 衝420期間,傳送器可在前向鏈路週期424(由「陰影」部 刀才日不)期間發出一前向鏈路訊息且在監聽週期426期間等 待來自接收器之答覆。在圖15B中,無接收器答覆此由 監聽週期426期間之「白」部分指示。 圖15C類似於圖15B,不同在於如由「交叉影線」部分 140357.doc -24 - 201004092 所指示,接收器在開始反向鏈路週期428及反向鏈路週期 430期間答覆。在圖15中,在同步脈衝420期間,傳送器在 前向鏈路週期424期間發出一前向鏈路訊息且在監聽週期 426期間等待來自接收器之答覆。將要進行答覆之任何接 收器在交遞週期427結束之前、在開始反向鏈路週期428期 ’ 間及可能在反向鏈路週期430期間開始其答覆。 •作為非限制性實例,表2展示可由傳送器及接收器傳送 之一些可能訊息。 表2 TX命令 TX訊息 RX答覆 RX訊息 空 NDQ(新器件查詢) NDR(新器件回應) DD TT PP rr cc DQ(器件查詢) DD DS(器件狀態) DD TT PP cc ACK(根據先前DS 確認器件XX) SA(時槽指派) DD NN MM cc RES(重設所有電力 時槽指派) 其中: 空=無傳送命令; DD = 件編號, ττ=器件類型; ΡΡ =所請求電力; rr= 一隨機數; cc=核對和; NN=時槽之開始;及 140357.doc -25· 201004092 MM=時槽結束。 在解釋表1的過鞋击 、 中’空命令意謂在前向鏈路週期424 間傳送器不傳送邙ή ’ k況息。在第2行中,由傳送器傳送—新 件查詢(NDQ)。若拉⑴ ^ 右接收器件回應,則其用新器件 (NDR)以及哭件垃咕, M m 、、扁唬(對於新器件而言其應為零,直至傳详 器指派器件編號盔L、 哥达 u…止)' 電力請求、隨機數及接收答覆中 之所有資料位元的核對和來作出回應。 在第3行中,由值 田得达态傳送一新器件查詢(Dq)以及一器 件編號。由該D〇令, V疋址之接收器件用一器件狀態(DS)以及 益件、扁號@件_、所請求電力量及接收答覆中之所有 資料位元的核對和來進行答覆。 在第4仃中,傳送器將一確認(ACK)發出至對先前DQ作 合復之接收态。無接收器對ACK作出回應。 在第5仃中’傳送器發出時槽指派(sa)以及器件編號、 电力週』450内之開始時間、電力週期45〇|内之結束時間 及接收答覆中之所有資料位元的核對和。無接收器對S A作 出回應。 在第6行中,傳送器發出一指示所有接收器應停止使用 其所分配之時槽的重設(RES)。無接收器對REs作出回 應。 當然’一般熟習此項技術者將認識到,該等命令及回應 為例示性的,且涵蓋於本發明之範疇内的各種實施例可使 用此等命令及回應之變體,且在本發明之範疇内,可想出 額外命令及回應。 140357.doc •26- 201004092 為了進一步說明通彳s如何發生’將論述五種不同情況。 在第一種情況中,最初無接收器件在傳送器之耦合模式區 内,且一個接收器件進入該搞合模式區。在無器件存在於 該輕合模式區中時’傳送器將保持在低電力狀態下(如圖 15 A所說明)且在每個重現週期41 〇重複同步脈衝42〇。同步 脈衝420在前向鏈路週期424期間將包括—Ndq,且傳送器 在監聽週期426期間將監聽答覆。若未接收到答覆,則傳 送器停機,直至用於下一個重現週期41〇之同步脈衝42〇的 時間為止。 在將新接收器件引入至該耦合模式區時,該接收器件最 初開啟且監聽-同步脈衝42〇。該新接收器件可將同步脈 衝420用於電力,但在電力週期卿期間應進人—覆蓋或非 電力接收模式(本文中被稱作「下匯流排」)。另外,該新 接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽略除了 NDQ外之所有傳送命 令。在-新接收器件接收到NDQ時,其在交遞週期心 開始反向鏈路週期428及可能在反向鏈路週期期間保持 開啟。在前向鏈路週期 格砑期424之後且在交遞週期427結束之 刚,接收器件用NDR、Λ焚夕一灿w 哭 為零之益件ID(新器件1]0將由傳送 -曰仆電力量請求、隨機數及㈣ 接收器件接著在雷+u P 33 U/應。新 干筏者在電力週期45〇,期間下匯流排。 若傳送器正確地接收到該 420上用—用於報拉心 則其在下一個同步脈衝 稽勺# 件之時槽指派㈣來作出回庫。 該从包括用於新接收器件之 = 間及核對和。用於此SA之… 開始時間、結束時 之開始%間及結束時間將為零,指 140357.doc -27- 201004092 示新接收器件在電力週期45〇,期間之任何 上匯流排。在新接收器件可上匯 :收:月内不應 收指派-特定電力區段Pdn的 :件將接 間的隨後SA。若新接收器件 及4* μ〜 ^ 適當核對和,則其 保持於新器件模式且再次回應於- NDQ。 在::種情況中,無接收器件在傳送器之耦合模式區 ,且一個以上接收器件進入該耦合模 ^ 下,在將兩個新接收器件引入 模"^。此模式 一畫m , 5,入至°亥轉合模式區時,其最初 =匯w排上。該等新接收器件可將同步脈衝42〇用於 但一旦已接收到同步脈衝㈣,便應在電力週期45〇, 期間下匯流排。另外,今笙 卜s亥等新接收益件監聽傳送命令且勿 :除了 NDQ外之所有傳送命令。在新接收器件接收卿 時’其在交遞週期427、開始反向鏈路週期似及可能在反 向鏈路週期430期間保持開啟。在前向鏈 在交遞週期似结束之前,接收器件用酿、為零 叫新器件職由傳送器指派)、電力量請求 '隨機數及核 對和來作出回應。 然而,由於兩個或兩個以上接收器件同時進行回應且 可能具有不同隨機數及核對和,所以傳送器所接收到之訊 息將被混淆,且傳送器中之核對和將不精確。結果,傳送 器將不在隨後同步脈衝42〇上發出sa。 當在NDR後未出現一緊鄰§八時,該等接收器件中之每一 者在用NDR作出回應之前等待隨機數目之隨後ndq。舉例 而言,兩個器件均回應於第一個NDQ,所以無隨後sa出 140357.doc •28· 201004092 現。器件1決定在回應於另-個NDQ之前等待四個NDQ。 器件2决疋在回應於另—個NDQ之前等待兩個NDQ。結 果,在傳送器發出下—個NDQ時,無器件用職來作出回 應。在傳送器發出下一個NDQ時,僅器件2用臟來作出 目應’傳达器成功地接收到該職且發出—用於器件2之 在下-個NDQ時,器件2不回應,因為其不再為新器 彳,且益件!不回應’因為其隨機等待週期尚未過去。在 ^送器發出下—個NDQ時,僅器们用職來作出回應, C傳心成功地接㈣前DR且發出—用於㈣丨之从。 在第一種it况中’至少一接收器件處於耦合模式區中, 且一新接收器件進人今·知人@斗、Γ- 社u 進雜奸式區。在此模式下,將該新 妾收器件引入至該柄合模式區且其最初一直在匯流排上。 新接收器件可將同步脈衝用於電力,但—旦已接收到 同步脈衝·’便應在電力週期卿期間下匯流排。另外, 新接收器件監聽傳送命令且忽略除了 NDQ外之所有傳送命 =週期性地’傳送器將發出一 NDQ以查看是否有任何新 ‘ g件已進人㈣合模式區。新器件將接著用職來欠覆。 在隨後同步脈衝㈣時,傳送器將發出—用於新器件之不 指派電力時槽的SA。傳送器接著重新計算該輕合模式區令 =所有器件的電力分配且為每—器件產生新从,所以不存 重叠電力區段.。在每一器件接收到其新SA後,其僅 在其新Pdn期間開始上匯流排。 在第四種情況下,正常電力輸送操作繼續,無接收哭件 進入或離開轉合模式區。在此種情況期間,傳送器料期 140357.doc -29- 201004092 性地藉由一器件查詢(DQ)來探查(ping)每一器件。所查詢 之器件用一器件狀態(DS)來作出回應。若該DS指示一不同 電力請求,則傳送器可將電力分配重新分配給該耦合模式 區中之每一器件。如上文關於第三種情況來解釋的,傳送 器亦將週期性地發出NDQ。 在第五種情況中,將一器件自該耦合模式區移除。此 「經移除」狀態可為實體上自該耦合模式區移除該器件、 該器件停機,或該器件覆蓋自身(可能因為其不再需要電 力)。如早先所規定,傳送器週期性地發出一用於該耦合 模式區中之所有器件的DQ。若至一特定器件之兩個連續 DQ不傳回一有效DS,則傳送器將該器件自其所分配器件 之清單移除且將電力週期450'重新分配給剩餘器件。傳送 器亦將給缺失之器件指派零時間之電力分配,以防其不能 夠傳送卻仍進行接收。若錯誤地將一器件自電力分配移 除,則其可藉由用一適當NDR回應於NDQ來重新獲得電力 分配。 表3說明一非限制性命令及答覆序列以說明通信協定如 何操作。 表3
命令 描述 答覆 描述 註釋 DQ1 查詢器件1 DS 1 1 FF cc 器件1為類型 1,想要最大電 力 電池電量低之蜂巢式 電話 DQ2 查詢器件2 DS 2 1 84 cc 器件2為類型 3,想要減少電 力時槽 具有幾乎充滿電之電 池的PDA I40357.doc •30- 201004092
命令 描述 答覆 描述 註釋 SA2 84FF 時槽指派器件 2 減少器件2之電力時 槽(首先減少,接著 增加) SA 1 00 83 時槽指派器件 1 增加器件1之電力時 槽 NDQ 新器件查詢 NDR 00 04 FF rr cc 發現新器件 電池電量低、電力最 大之滑鼠 SA3 00 00 時槽指派器件 3 在NDQ後立即答覆意 謂其係用於新器件。 器件ID為3。初始電 力時槽為0。 SA 1 00 40 時槽指派器件 1 給器件I重新指派% 電力 SA2 41 80 時槽指派器件 2 給器件2重新指派1/4 電力 SA3 81 FF 時槽指派器件 2 給器件3重新指派1/2 電力 NDQ 新器件查詢 無答覆,所以沒發現 新器件 空 DQ1 DQ2 DQ3 NDQ 注意,用於新器件之第一時槽指派不分配時槽。給每一 現存器件分配一新的非重疊時槽,接著最後給新器件分配 一時槽以用於接收電力。 在一例示性實施例中,一無線充電器件可向使用者顯示 一可視信號(諸如,燈光),指示其已成功地進入充電區且 使其自身向本端傳送器註冊。此將給予使用者肯定反饋, 即,器件確實準備好充電。 在本發明之其他例示性實施例中,接收器及傳送器可在 如圖2所示之獨立通信頻道119(例如,藍芽、zigbee、蜂巢 式等等)上通信。在一獨立通信頻道之情況下,重現週期 140357.doc -31 · 201004092 無需包括任何通信週期且整個時間可專用於電力、里 450’。傳送器仍可將時槽分配給每一接收器件(經由該獨立 通信頻道來通信)且每一接收器件僅在其所分配Λ立 心%刀區 段Pdn期間上匯流排。 上述之經時間多工的電力分配可為用於將 、,^ ^ 丁电刀供應給傳 送器之耦合模式區内之多個接收器件的最有效方法。然 而,在本發明之其他實施例中,可使用其 4 屯刀^7配方 案。 圖16Α至圖I6D為說明用於在傳送器與一或多個接收器 之間傳送電力的信標電力模式的簡化方塊圖。圖似說明 在信標耦合模式區510中不存在接收器件時具有低電力 h私」仏號525的傳送器52〇。作為非限制性實例,信標 信號525可諸如在〜10至〜2〇 mW RF之範圍中。當—待充電 之器件放置於㈣合模式區中時,此信號可足以將初始電 力提供給該器件。 圖16B說明放置於傳送信標信號⑵之傳送器52〇的信標 耦合模式區別内之接收器件53〇。若接收器件53〇開啟且 與=送器形成-搞合,則其將產生—反向鏈路轉合奶, 其只際上只是接收器接受來自信標信號525之電力。此額 外電力可由傳送器之負載感測電路216(圖⑺感測到。結 果,傳送器可進入高電力模式。 圖1jC說明傳送器520產生高電力信號,導致高電力 相拉式區510。只要接收器件53〇正接受電力且結果產生 °鏈路輕σ 535 ’傳送器便將保持於高電力狀態。雖然 140357.doc -32- 201004092 僅5兒明-個接收器件53〇 ’但轉合模式區5ι。中可存在多個 接收器件530。若存在多個接收器件別,則其將基於每_ 接收器件530輕合之良好程度來共用由傳送器傳送之電力 里。舉例而言,如上文參看圖8及圖9來解釋的,對於每一 #收态件530而言,耦合效率可取決於器件放置於耦合模 式區510内之何處而為不同的。 • ® 16D說明即使在接收器件53()處於信標轉合模式區训 中時仍產生信標信號525的傳送器52〇。此狀態可發生於接 ’ 收器件530停機時,或器件覆蓋其自身時(可能因為其不再 需要電力)。 如同時間多卫模式—樣’接收器及傳送器可在獨立通信 頻道(例如,籃芽、zigbee等等)上通信。在一獨立通信頻 道之情況下,傳送器可基於耦合模式區51〇甲之接收器件 2數目及其各別電力要求來敎何時在信標模式與高電力 模式之間切換或產生多個電力位準。 , 本發明之例示性實施例包括在兩個天線之間的近場電力 I #輸中經由將額外天線引人絲合天線之系統中來增強相 ,傳送天線與小接收天線之間的耦合,該等額外天線將 充虽轉發器且將增強自傳送天線朝著接收天線之電力流。 在-例示性實施例中,使用麵合至系統中之傳送天線及 接收天線的-或多個另外天線。此等另外天線包含轉發器 天線(諸如,主動或被動天線)。被動天線可僅包括天線環 形及用於調諧天線之譜振頻率的電容性元件。除了天線環 形及-或多個調諸電容器夕卜一主動元件可包括用於增加 140357.doc 33· 201004092 一經轉發近場輻射之強度的放大器。 電力傳輸系統中之傳送天線與轉發器天線之組合可經最 佳化,使得基於諸如終端負載、調譜組件、譜振頻率及轉 發器天線相對於傳送天線之放置的因素來增強至非常小接 收天線的電力耦合。 早一傳达天線展示一有限近場耦合模式區。因此,經 在專c天線之近i讀合模式區中之接收器來充電的器件 之使料可需要一相當大之使用者存取空間,此將為代價 ^於同巾或至少不方便的。此外,㈣合模式區可隨著接 收天線遠離傳送天線而快速地減小。 、轉电益天線可重聚焦及重塑來自一傳送天線之耗合模 式區以在轉發器天線周圍產生一第二搞合模式區,其可更 適於將能量耦合至一接收天線。 —圖17錢曰月大傳送天線71〇Α,及與傳送天線ΜΑ共面地 文置且安置於傳送天線7 1 G Α之周邊内的較小轉發器天線 72〇A: #迗天線71〇A及轉發器天線720A均形成於台74〇 上。-包括-接收天線73〇A之器件放置於轉發器天線 72〇A之周邊内。在非常大天線之情況下,傳送天線710A 中心:近可存在相對弱之搞合模式區的區域。在試圖搞合 '接收天線730A之情況下’此弱區之存在可尤其顯 而易見的。與傳送天線舰共面放置但具有較小大小之轉 發益天、線720A可能夠冑由傳送天線7i〇a產生之麵合 I重聚焦成轉發器天線72〇A周圍的更小且更強之經轉發耗 合模式區。、纟士果,一 士。μ _ 、σ 相對強之經轉發近場輻射可用於接收 140357.doc •34- 201004092 天線73 0A。 圖17B說明傳送天線71〇B,及相對於傳送天線7i〇b同軸 j置之較大轉發器天線720B。一包括—接收天線73〇b之 器件放置於轉發器天線72〇b之周邊内。傳送天線7丨〇B形 成於燈罩742下邊緣周圍四周,而轉發器天線720B安置於 台740上。應記得在同軸放置之情況下,近場輻射可相對 於距天線之平面的距離增加而相對快速地減小。結果,相 對於傳送天線710B放置成同軸放置的小接收天線73〇b可 處於弱耦合模式區中。然而,與傳送天線71〇b同軸地放置 之大轉發器天線7 2 0 B可能夠將傳送天線7丨〇 B之耦合模式 區重塑成在轉發器天線720B四周之不同地方中的另一耦合 核式區。結果,一相對強之經轉發近場輻射可用於與轉發 器天線720B共面放置之接收天線730B。 圖18A說明大傳送天線71〇(::,及與傳送天線7i〇c共面地 安置且安置於傳送天線710C之周邊内的三個較小轉發器天 線720C。傳送天線71〇c及轉發器天線72〇c形成於台 匕括接收天線730C之各種器件放置於傳送天線71 〇c =轉發器天線720C内之各個位置處。如同圖17A所說明之 實施例一樣,圖18A之實施例可能夠將由傳送天線71〇c產 生之耦合模式區重聚焦成在轉發器天線72〇c中之每一者四 σ的更i且更強之經轉發耗合模式區。結果,一相對強之 、、、轉發近%幸田射可用於接收天線7 3 〇 c。接收天線中之某些 放置於任何轉發器天線72〇(:外部。應記得耦合模式區可稍 微延伸出天線之周邊外。因此,接收天線73〇c可能夠接收 140357.doc -35· 201004092 來自傳送天線71 0C以及任何附近轉發器天線72〇c之近場 輻射的電力。結果,放置於任何轉發器天線72〇c外部之^ 收天線仍可能夠接收來自傳送天線71〇c以及任何附近轉發 器天線720C之近場輻射的電力。 圖18B說明大傳送天線710D,及相對於傳送天線有 偏移地同軸放置及有偏移地共面放置的較小轉發器天線 720D。-包括-接收天線7細之器件放置於轉發器天線 720D中之-者之周邊内。料非限制性實例,傳送天線 710D可安置於天花板746上,而轉發器天線72〇〇可安置於 台740上。如同圖17B之實施例一樣,處於偏移同軸放置之 轉發器天線720D可能夠將來自傳送器天線71〇〇之近場輻 射重塑及增強成轉發n天線72GD四周之經轉發近場輪射。 、、、σ果’-相對強之轉發近場㈣可肖於與轉發器天線 720D共面放置之接收天線73〇D。 雖然各種傳达天線及轉發器天線已大體上展示為在表面 上’但此等天線亦可安置於表面下(例如,在台下、在地 板下、在牆壁後面,或在天花板後面)、或在表面内(例 如,台頂部、牆壁、地板或天花板)。 圖1 9展不扎不傳送天線、轉發器天線及接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果。調諧傳送天線、轉發器天線及接收 天線以使之具有約13.56MHz之譜振頻率。 良1 〇 °兒明在各個頻率處在饋入至傳送天線之總電力 專送天線傳送之電力量的量測。類似地,曲線820說 各個頻率處在接收器天線之端子附近可用的總電力中 140357.doc -36 * 201004092 由接收天線經由轉發器天線接收到之電力量的量測。最 後,曲線830說明在各個頻率處在傳送天線與接收天線之 間經由轉發器天線實際耦合且進入接收天線中的電力量。 在對應於約I3.56 MHz的曲線830之峰值處,可看到,自 傳送器傳送之大量電力在接收器處為可用的,指示傳送天 線、轉發器天線及接收天線之組合之間的高耦合程度。 圖20A展示指示在不具有轉發器天線之情況下在傳送天 線與相對於傳送天線安置成同軸放置的接收天線之間的耦 合強度的模擬結果。調諧傳送天線及接收天線以使之具有 約1〇 MHZ之諧振頻率。在此模擬中,傳送天線在一邊上為 为1.3么尺,且接收天線為在一邊上為約%瓜爪之多環形天 線。接收天線放置於距傳送天線之平面約2公尺處。曲線 說明在各個解處在饋人至料天狀端子的總電力 中自傳送天線傳送之電力量的量測。類似地曲線說 明在各個頻率處在接收天線之端子附近可用的總電力中由 接收天線接收到之電力量的量測。最後,曲線83ga說明在 各個頻率處在傳送天線與接收天線之間實際耦合的電力 量。 ^展示私示在轉發器天線包括於系統中時圖20Α的 傳送天線與接收天線之間賴合強度的模擬結果。傳送天 線及接收天線具有與圖說中之大小及放置相同的大小及 置轉·^盗天線在一邊上為約28⑽且與接收天線共面 地放置(亦即’距傳送天線之平面約0.1公尺)。在圖20B 中’曲線810B說明在各個㈣處在饋人至傳送天線之端子 140357.doc -37- 201004092 的〜、電力中自傳送天線傳送之電力量的量測。曲線820B說 月在各個頻率處在接收天線之端子附近可用的總電力中由 接收天線經由轉發器天線接收到之電力量。最後,曲線 830B »兒明在各個頻率處在傳送天線與接收天線之間經由轉 發益天線實際耦合且進入接收天線中的電力量。 田將來自圖20八及圖2(^之耦合電力(830人及8308)進行 比較時,可看到,在不具有轉發器天線之情況下,耦合電 力830A峰值為約_36 dB。而在具有轉發器天線之情況下, 耦。電力83 0B峰值為約_5 dB。因此,在諧振頻率附近, 可用於接收天線之電力量歸因於對轉發器天線之包括而顯 著增加。 熟習此項技術者將理解,可使用各種不同技術及技藝中 之任一者來表示資訊及信號。舉例而言,可藉由電壓、電 肌、電磁波、磁場或磁粒子、光場或光粒子或其任何組合 來表不可在上文之描述中各處提及的資料、指令、命令、 責訊、信號、位元、符號及碼片。 熟習此項技術者應進一步瞭解,結合本文所揭示之實施 例=述的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組、電路及演算法步驟 可實施為電子硬體、電腦軟體或其兩者之組合。為清楚地 說明硬體與軟體之此互換性,已在上文大體上在功能性方 面描述各種說明性組件、區塊、模組、電路及步驟。此功 能性是實施為硬體還是軟體取決於特定應用及外加於整個 系統上之設計、約纟。熟習此項技術者可針對每一特定應用 以不同方式來實施所描述之功能性,但此等實施决策不鹿 140357.doc •38· 201004092 被解釋為造成偏離本發明之例示性實施例的範疇。 可藉由通用處理器、數位信號處理器(DSP)、特殊應用 積體電路(ASIC)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)或其他可程式 化邏輯器件、離散閘或電晶體邏輯、離散硬體組件,或其 經設計以執行本文所述功能的任何組合來實施或執行結合 本文所揭示實施例來描述的各種說明性邏輯區塊、模組及 電路。通用處理器可為微處理器,但在替代實施例中,處 理器可為任何習知處理器、控制器、微控制器或狀態機。 處理器亦可實施為計算器件之組合,例如,DSP與微處理 器之組合、複數個微處理器、結合DSP核心之一或多個微 處理器,或任何其他此種組態。 結合本文所揭示之實施例所描述的方法或演算法之步驟 可直接以硬體、由處理器執行之軟體模組或以兩者之組合 來實施。軟體模組可駐於隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、快閃記 憶體、唯讀記憶體(ROM)、電可程式化ROM(EPROM)、電 可抹除可程式化ROM(EEPROM)、暫存器、硬碟、抽取式 碟片、CD-ROM,或此項技術中已知之任何其他形式的儲 存媒體中。例示性儲存媒體耦接至處理器,使得處理器可 自儲存媒體讀取資訊並將資訊寫入至儲存媒體。在替代實 施例中,儲存媒體可與處理器整合。處理器及儲存媒體可 駐於ASIC中。ASIC可駐於使用者終端機中。在替代實施 例中,處理器及儲存媒體可作為離散組件而駐於使用者終 端機中。 在一或多個例示性實施例中,可以硬體、軟體、韌體或 140357.doc -39· 201004092 其任何組合來實施所描述 能可作為-❹财八m 軟來實施,則功 或經由電™二 而儲存於電腦可讀媒體上 a、、,工由電知可讀媒體來傳送 評["一 電恥可讀媒體包括電腦儲存 心另广體’通信媒體包括促進將電腦程式自-處傳 處的任何媒體。儲存媒體可為可由電腦存取之任 二媒體。舉例而言且不限制,此電腦可讀媒體可包含
Ram、ROM、EEPR〇M、cd r〇m或其他 儲存或其他磁性儲存器件,戋 ”—子磁碟 一 用於載運或儲存呈指合志 ::結構之形式的所要程式碼且可由電腦存取的任何其他 媒體。又,將任何連接適當地稱作電腦可讀媒體。舉例而 言’若使用同轴電繞、光細、雙絞線、數位用戶線 (DSL)或諸如紅外、無線電及微波之無線技術自網站、伺 服器或其他遠端源傳送軟體,則該同軸電€、光纖魏、 雙絞線、飢’或諸如紅外、無線電及微波之無線技術係 包括於媒體之定義中。如本文中使用,磁碟及光碟包括緊 湊光碟(CD)、雷射光碟、光學光碟、數位化通用光碟 (DVD)、—軟性磁碟及藍光光碟’其中磁碟通常用磁性方式 來再生資料,而光碟用雷射以光學方式來再生資料。上述 各者之組合亦應包括於電腦可讀媒體之範疇内。 提供對所揭示例示性實施例之先前描述以使任何熟習此 項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者將易於 顯見對此等例示性實施例之各種修改,且在不脫離本發明 之精神或範疇的情況下,本文所界定之通用原理可應用於 其他實施例。因此,本發明不意欲限於本文所示之實施 140357.doc •40· 201004092 例,而是符合與本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵—致的 範疇。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化方塊圖; 圖2展示無線電力傳輸系統之簡化示意圖; 圖3展示用於本發明之例示性實施例中的環形天線的示 意圖; 圖4展示指示料天線與接收天線之間的轉合強度的模 擬結果; 圖5A及圖5B展示根據本發明之例示性實施例的用於傳 送天線及接收天線之環形天線的布局; 圖6展示指示與圖5A及圖5B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 送天線的各種周11大小有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間 的耦合強度的模擬結果; 圖7展示指示與圖5A及圖5B中所說明之正方形及圓形傳 U天線的各種表面積有關的在傳送天線與接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果; 圖8展不接收天線相對於傳送天線之各種放置點以說明 在共面及同軸放置下之耦合強度; 圖9展不指示在傳送天線與接收天線之間的各種距離下 同軸放置的耦合強度的模擬結果; 圖10為根據本發明之例示性實施例的傳送器的簡化方塊 圖; 圖11為根據本發明之例示性實施例的接收器的簡化方塊 140357.doc •41- 201004092 圖; 圖12展示用於在傳送器與接收器之間進行訊息傳遞的傳 送電路之部分的簡圖; 圖13A至圖13C展示在各種狀態下之接收電路的一部分 的簡圖,以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞; 圖14A至圖14C展示在各種狀態下之替代接收電路的一 部分的簡圖,以說明接收器與傳送器之間的訊息傳遞; 圖15A至圖15C為說明用於傳送器與接收器之間的通信 的訊息傳遞協定的時序圖; 圖16A至圖16D為說明用於在傳送器與接收器之間傳送 電力的信標電力模式的簡化方塊圖; 圖17A說明大傳送天線’及與該傳送天線共面及同轴地 安置之較小轉發器天線; 圖17B說明傳送天線,及相對於該傳送天線同軸放置之 較大轉發器天線; 圖18A說明大傳送天線,及與該傳送天線共面地安置且 安置於該傳送天線之周邊内的三個不同之較小轉發器天 線; 圖18B說明大傳送天線,及相對於傳送天線有偏移地同 轴放置及有偏移地共面放置的較小轉發哭天線. 圖19展示指示傳送天、線、轉發線及接收天線之間的 耦合強度的模擬結果; 圖20Α展示指示在不具有轉發器天線之情況下在傳送天 線與接收天線之間的耦合強度的模擬結果;及 140357.doc -42- 201004092 【主要元件符號說明】 圖20B展不指不在具有轉發器天線之情況下在傳送天線 與接收天線之間的耦合強度的模擬結果。 1 a-3a 點 lb-3b 點 1 c-3c 點 100 無線傳送或充電系統 102 輸入電力 104 傳送器 106 輻射場 108 接收器 110 輸出電力 112 距離 114 傳送天線 114C 大圓形環形傳送天線 114S 正方形環形傳送天線 118 接收天線 118' 接收天線 119 獨立通信頻道 122 振盈器 123 調整信號 124 功率放大器 125 控制信號 126 渡波及匹配電路 140357.doc -43- 201004092 132 匹配電路 136 電池 150 「環形」天線 152 電容器 154 電容器 156 諧振信號 170 曲線 172 曲線 174 曲線 180 曲線 182 曲線 190 曲線 200 傳送器 202 傳送電路 204 傳送天線 206 固定阻抗匹配電路 208 低通濾波器 210 功率放大器 212 振盪器 214 處理器 216 負載感測電路 220 載波信號 224 傳送調變信號 226 信號 140357.doc -44- 201004092 228 電源 230 差動放大器 235 接收信號 300 接收器 302 接收電路 304 接收天線 306 電力轉換電路 308 RF至DC轉換器 310 DC至DC轉換器 312 切換電路 314 發信號偵測器及信標電路 316 處理器 318 整流器 320 傳送信號 322 DC電力信號 350 器件/節點 410 重現週期 420 同步脈衝 420' 「白」脈衝 422 熱身週期 424 前向鍵路週期 426 監聽週期 427 交遞週期 428 開始反向鏈路週期 140357.doc -45- 201004092 430 反向鍵路週期 450 電力週期 450' 電力週期 510 信標耦合模式區 510' 南電力搞合4吴式區 520 傳送器 525 信標信號 525' 兩電力信號 530 接收器件 535 反向鏈路耦合 710A 傳送天線 710B 傳送天線 710C 傳送天線 710C 傳送天線 710D 傳送天線 720A 較小轉發器天線 720B 較大轉發器天線 720C 轉發器天線 720D 轉發器天線 730A 接收天線 730B 接收天線 730C 接收天線 730D 接收天線 740 台 140357.doc -46- 201004092 742 燈罩 746 天花板 810 曲線 810A 曲線 810B 曲線 820 曲線 • 820B 曲線 830 曲線 / 830A 曲線 830B 曲線 840 曲線 C1-C3 電容器 D1 二極體 LI 特性電感 P1-P7 放置點 Pdl, Pd2, Pdn 電力區段 i Rl, R2 電阻器 Rs 電阻器 S1A, SIB, S2A, S2B, S3B 開關 140357.doc -47-
Claims (1)
- 201004092 七、申請專利範圍: 丨.-種骏置’其包含一包含一環形天線及—電容性元件的 轉發器天線,該轉發器天線用於在該轉發器天線安置於 —傳送天線之一耦合模式區中時與由該傳送天線產生之 —近場輻射耦合,其中該轉發器增強該轉發器天線周圍 的該近場輻射’具有—比該傳送天線之軸合模式區強 之增強耦合模式區。 2·如請求項丨之裝置,其中該轉發器天線進—步安置於一 ( 相對於該傳送天線大體上同軸之位置中。 3.如請求項丨之裝置,其中該轉發器天線進—步安置於一 相對於該傳送天線大體上共面之位置中。 • Α π,項1之I置’ Μ該傳送天線之該近場輻射及該 轉發器之該增強近場輕射大體上處於一相同頻率。 々。月求項4之裝置’其中該相同頻率為該轉發器天線之 一譜振頻率。 ▲ 求項r裝置’其中該轉發器天線進—步包含一可 v # #地㈣至該環形天線及該電容性元件的放大器,該 放大器用於藉由在該轉發器天線之―賴頻率處放大來 進一步增強該增強近場輻射。 7. 一種無線電力傳輸系統,其包含: '專4電路’其包括一傳送天線以回應於來自一功率 放大益之ϋ動#號在該傳送天線周圍之一第一輛合模 式區内產生在—諧振頻率處的-近場輻射; 轉發态天線,其用以在該轉發器天線安置於該第一 140357.doc 201004092 耦口杈式區内時在其周圍之一第二耦合模式區内產生在 忒為振頻率處的一增強近場輻射;及 接收電路,其包括一接收天線,該接收天線用於在安 置於邊第二耦合模式區内時接收來自該近場輻射及該增 強近場輻射中之至少一者的電力。 8. 9. 10 如°月求項7之系統,其中該轉發器天線進一步安置於一 相對於s亥傳送天線大體上同軸之位置中。 如明求項7之系統,其中該轉發器天線進一步安置於一 相對於該傳送天線大體上共面之位置中。 、 =睛求項m其中該轉發器天線進-步安置於該 傳达天線之一周邊内。 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 明求項7之系統,其中該接收電路進一步包含一 至該接收天線以抑制該接收天線之麵的覆蓋電路。 如:求項11之系統’其中該覆蓋電路更改該接收電路中 之:電抗元件的值以抑制該接收天線之諧振。 如請求項um其中該覆蓋電路進_步包含一用於 使邊接收電路中之一電容的少— ; 接收天線之讀振的開關。 —抑制該 如請求項13之系統,其中該接收電路進_步包含 作地耦接至該開關及該接 了操 來控制該接收天線之諸振的=根據-時域啟動定序 :請:項14之系統,其中該時域定序係藉由 之一通斷鍵控發信號協定來控制。 粕射 一種無線充電方法,其包含: 140357.doc 201004092 耦合模式區内產生在一譜 藉由一傳送天線來在一第一 振頻率處之一近場輻射; 藉由一安置於該第一 強該近場輻射以在一第 率處的一增強近場輕射 耦合模式區内之轉發器天線來增 二麵合模式區内產生在該諧振頻 ;及 错由-安置於該第二輕合模式區内之接收天線來接收 來自該近場輻射及該增強近場輻射中之至少一者的電 1 7.如請求項16之方法,其進一击 步匕3將§亥轉發器天線安置 於一相對於該傳送天線大體上同軸之位置中。 18. 如明求項16之方法,其進—步包含將該轉發器天線安置 於—相對於該傳送天線大體上共面之位置中。 19. 如請求項18之方法’其中該轉發器天線進_步安置於該 傳送天線之一周邊内。 2〇·如吻求項16之方法,其進一步包含藉由選擇性地修改該 接收天線之一諧振頻率來覆蓋該接收天線。 21 ·如%求項20之方法,其進一步包含根據一時域定序協定 來選擇性地覆蓋該接收天線。 2^請求項21之方法,其中該時衫序協定係藉由該近場 輕射之一通斷鍵控發信號協定來控制。 23·如清求項16之方法,其進一步包含藉由選擇性地操作一 開關以使可操作地耦接至該接收天線之一電容的至少一 部分紐路以便抑制該接收天線之諧振來覆蓋該接收天 線。 140357.doc 201004092 24. 如口月求項23之方法,其進_步包含根據一時域定序協 來選擇性地操作該開關。 25. 如凊求項24之方法’其t該時域^序協定係藉由該近場 輻射之一通斷鍵控發信號協定來控制。 26. —種無線電力傳輸系統,其包含: -:專送電路’其包括一傳送天線以回應於來自一功率 放大态之—驅動信號在該傳送天線周圍之—第—耦合模 式區内產生在一諧振頻率處的一近場輻射; 、 複數個轉發器天線,該複數個轉發器天線中之每一轉 發器天線用以在—相應麵合模式區内產生在該諧振頻率 處的一增強近場輕射,其中該複數個轉發器天線中之每 一轉發器天線安置於該第—_合模式區内之_ 處;及 複數個接收電路,每—接收電路包括—用於接收來自 轉發器天線中之至少—者的至少—增強近場輕 射的電力的接收天線。 27. 如請求項26之系統,其中安置於料轉合模式區中之對 應於該複數個轉發器天線中之—轉發器天線的—耗合模 式區中的每一接收電路接收來自該近場賴射之電力。 28. 如請求項26之系統,其中該複數個轉發器天線中之至少 -者進-步安置於—相對於該傳送天線大 置中。 1 29·如請求項26之系統’其中該複數個轉發器天線中之—第 -轉發器天線進一步安置於一相對於該傳送天線大體上 140357.doc 201004092 同軸之位置中。 30. 如請求項2〇之系統,其中 二靜哭;. 宁忒複數個轉發器天線中之一第 -轉發is天線進一步安置於一相對於 共面之位置中。 、Μ,送天線大體上 31. 如請求項29之系統,其中該複數個轉 置於該傳送天線之一周邊内。 線進步女 32. 如請求項26之系統,其中該複數個接收電路中之每一接 :電路進—步包含接至該接收天線以抑制該接收天 線之諧振的覆蓋電路。 33. 如:求項23之系統,其中該複數個接收電路中之每一接 收毛路進一步包含一可操作地耦接至該覆蓋電路及該接 收天線以根據一時域啟動定序來控制該接收天線之覆蓋 的處理器。 34. 如請求項24之系統,其中該時域定序係藉由該近場輻射 之一通斷鍵控發信號協定來控制。140357.doc
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TW98115922A TW201001869A (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-05-13 | Method and apparatus with negative resistance in wireless power transfers |
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- 2013-11-25 JP JP2013243364A patent/JP2014090429A/ja active Pending
- 2013-12-16 US US14/107,837 patent/US8892035B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-27 JP JP2013272663A patent/JP5882293B2/ja active Active
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2014
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2015
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- 2015-08-27 US US14/838,284 patent/US9991747B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-02 JP JP2015196943A patent/JP2016021866A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2017
- 2017-03-08 JP JP2017043955A patent/JP6695819B2/ja active Active
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