CN107365339A - 合成官能化核酸的方法 - Google Patents
合成官能化核酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107365339A CN107365339A CN201710437875.1A CN201710437875A CN107365339A CN 107365339 A CN107365339 A CN 107365339A CN 201710437875 A CN201710437875 A CN 201710437875A CN 107365339 A CN107365339 A CN 107365339A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- aryl
- alkenyl
- alkynyl
- alkylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 title claims description 77
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 title claims description 77
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 76
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- -1 phosphorothioate triesters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiosulfonate group Chemical group S(=S)(=O)[O-] GWIKYPMLNBTJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 146
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 117
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 105
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 101
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 84
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- XCOBLONWWXQEBS-KPKJPENVSA-N N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O\C(C(F)(F)F)=N\[Si](C)(C)C XCOBLONWWXQEBS-KPKJPENVSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 25
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 21
- MSPCIZMDDUQPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N(C)C(=O)C(F)(F)F MSPCIZMDDUQPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-trimethylsilylimidazole Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1 YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(CC)CC DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KQIADDMXRMTWHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-tri(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](Cl)(C(C)C)C(C)C KQIADDMXRMTWHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MASDFXZJIDNRTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)urea Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C MASDFXZJIDNRTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QRKUHYFDBWGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)N(C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C QRKUHYFDBWGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HIMXYMYMHUAZLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]amino]-dimethylsilyl]benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HIMXYMYMHUAZLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YFONAHAKNVIHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl-[[methyl(diphenyl)silyl]amino]-phenylsilyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)N[Si](C)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFONAHAKNVIHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WLLIXJBWWFGEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WLLIXJBWWFGEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PQRFRTCWNCVQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-dimethyl-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F PQRFRTCWNCVQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(Cl)Cl LIKFHECYJZWXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005549 heteroarylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- ZSMNRKGGHXLZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)methanamine Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N(C)[Si](C)(C)C ZSMNRKGGHXLZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QULMGWCCKILBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[dimethylamino(dimethyl)silyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C)C QULMGWCCKILBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QHUOBLDKFGCVCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-trimethylsilylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C)[Si](C)(C)C QHUOBLDKFGCVCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-trimethylsilylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](C)(C)C KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LHJCZOXMCGQVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)silyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LHJCZOXMCGQVDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- STMPXDBGVJZCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F STMPXDBGVJZCEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N trimethylsilyl (1z)-n-trimethylsilylethanimidate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(/C)=N\[Si](C)(C)C SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DGIJAZGPLFOQJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl n-trimethylsilylcarbamate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C DGIJAZGPLFOQJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 183
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 96
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 54
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 43
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 30
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 30
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 28
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 24
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 22
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- WFOVEDJTASPCIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(4-methyl-5-pyridin-4-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methylamino]-n-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]benzamide Chemical compound N=1N=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N(C)C=1CNC(C=1)=CC=CC=1C(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F WFOVEDJTASPCIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 17
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical compound C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940125797 compound 12 Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000005289 controlled pore glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 12
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical group N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940126543 compound 14 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 6
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000336 imidazol-5-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=NC([H])=C1[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004282 imidazolidin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 1
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- ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(propan-2-yl)silicon Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C(C)C)C(C)C ZGYICYBLPGRURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- AVBGNFCMKJOFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylammonium acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCN(CC)CC AVBGNFCMKJOFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIZYCHKPHCPKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N uridine-5-acetic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)Cc1cn(C2OC(CO)C(O)C2O)c(=O)[nH]c1=O YIZYCHKPHCPKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
- C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/66—Methanesulfonates
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D295/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
- C07D295/108—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by doubly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the doubly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
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- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals attached to acyclic carbon atoms
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Abstract
本文描述了合成硫代磺酸酯试剂衍生物的方法。所述试剂具有以立体定向的方式由H‑磷酸酯合成硫代磷酸三酯的用途。
Description
本申请是申请号为201280041560.0、申请日为2012年7月13日、发明名称为“合成官能化核酸的方法”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请,原申请为国际申请号为PCT/US2012/046805的PCT国际申请的中国国家阶段申请,该国际申请要求申请号为61/509,526、申请日为2011年7月19日的美国临时申请的优先权。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2011年7月19日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/509,526的优先权,据此该申请以引用的方式整体并入本文。
发明背景
寡核苷酸用于治疗、诊断、研究和纳米材料应用。用于治疗的DNA或RNA的天然序列的使用是有限的,因为它们对额外的和胞内的核酸酶的不稳定性、较差的细胞渗透和分布。另外,体外研究表明,反义核苷酸的性质诸如结合亲和力、序列特异性的结合互补RNA(Cosstick和Eckstein,1985;LaPlanche等,1986;Latimer等,1989;Hacia等,1994;Mesmaeker等,1995)、对核酸酶的稳定性受磷原子构型的影响。因此,需要修饰的寡核苷酸以赋予对普遍存在的核酸酶的稳定性、增加对互补RNA的结合亲和力和增加细胞渗透和生物分布用于许多体外和体内应用。
发明概述
本文描述了合成新型官能化核酸和核酸前药的方法。在一些实施方案中,核酸包含手性磷部分。
一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ia的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;和
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IIa的硫代磺酸酯试剂反应以提供结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ia的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IIa的硫代磺酸酯试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是烷基、环烷基或杂芳基;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
并且所述结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间。
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中W是O。
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中R1选自:
并且
R2选自:
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,,其中H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使包含结构Ib的非立体无规的磷键的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;和
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IIb的硫代磺酸酯反应以提供包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述包含结构Ib的非立体无规的磷键的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IIb的硫代磺酸酯试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
并且所述包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的手性硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、NH或CH2;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间。
另一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中W是O。
另一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中R1选自:
并且
R2选自:
另一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ic的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂反应以提供包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯;
iii)使所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯与结构VIc的亲核体反应以提供结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
每个R6独立地是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
所述结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
R7-SH,其中R7选自烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
并且结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是R7-S-S-X-
R7是烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;
n是1至约200之间;并且
其中所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯、包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的所述硫代磷酸三酯和所述结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的所述磷键可任选地包含非立体无规的磷键。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中结构IIIb的硫代磷酸三酯包含非立体无规的磷键并且结构Ic的H-磷酸酯包含非立体无规的磷键;并且W独立选自O、NH或CH2。另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中W是O。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中R6是甲基。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂选自:
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
通过引用并入
在本说明书中提到的所有出版物和专利申请均以引用的方式并入本文,其程度如同各个单独的出版物或专利申请具体地和单独地表示为以引用的方式并入。
附图简述
在所附权利要求中示出了本发明新型特征的特殊性。参考以下列出说明性实施方案的详细描述可获得对本发明特征和优点的更好理解,其中利用了本发明的原理,并且其中附图为:
图1提供了如实施例6所述的CD3CN中化合物100S的31P NMR图谱;
图2提供了如实施例6所述的添加BSTFA后CD3CN中化合物100S的31P NMR图谱;
图3提供了如实施例6所述的添加BSTFA、TEA和MTS后CD3CN中化合物100S的31P NMR图谱;
图4提供了如实施例6所述的CD3CN中化合物100R的31P NMR图谱;
图5提供了如实施例6所述的CD3CN中化合物100R的31P NMR图谱;并且
图6提供了如实施例6所述的添加BSTFA、TEA和MTS后CD3CN中化合物100R的31P NMR图谱。
发明详述
除非另有说明,本应用中使用的下列术语,包括说明书和权利要求,具有下面给出的定义。必须指出的是,除非上下文另有明确规定,如说明书和所附权利要求中所用,单数形式“一种/个(a)”、“一种/个(an)”和“该(the)”包括复数指示物。除非另有说明,质谱、NMR、HPLC、蛋白质化学、生物化学、重组DNA技术和药理学常规方法被采用。在此应用中,除非另有说明,“或”或“和”意指“和/或”。此外,术语“包括(including)”以及其它形式,诸如“包括(includes)”和“包括(included)”的使用不受限制。
某些化学术语
除非另有说明,一般化学术语的使用,诸如虽然不限于“烷基”、“胺”、“芳基”是未被取代的。
如本文所用,C1-Cx包括C1-C2、C1-C3...C1-Cx。仅以举例的方式,指定为“C1-C4”的基团表明该部分有一至四个碳原子,即基团包含1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子或4个碳原子,以及C1-C2和C1-C3的范围。因此,仅以举例的方式,“C1-C4烷基”表明该烷基基团有一至四个碳原子,即,烷基基团选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。无论何时它出现在本文,数值范围诸如“1至10”是指在给定范围内的每个整数;例如,“1至10个碳原子”意指可能具有1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子、6个碳原子、7个碳原子、8个碳原子、9个碳原子或10个碳原子的基团。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“杂原子”或“杂”是指除了碳或氢的原子。杂原子可独立选自氧、氮、硫、磷、硅、硒和锡,但并不限于这些原子。在存在两个或多个杂原子的实施方案中,两个或多个杂原子可彼此相同,或两个或多个杂原子的一些或所有每个可与其他的不同。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“烷基”是指具有一至约十个碳原子或一至六个碳原子的直链或支链饱和的烃单自由基(monoradical)。实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、2-甲基-1-丙基、2-甲基-2-丙基、2-甲基-1-丁基、3-甲基-1-丁基、2-甲基-3-丁基、2,2-二甲基-1-丙基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3-甲基-1-戊基、4-甲基-1-戊基、2-甲基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、2,2-二甲基-1-丁基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁基、2-乙基-1-丁基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基和己基,和更长的烷基基团诸如庚基、辛基等。无论何时它出现在本文,数值范围诸如“C1-C6烷基”或“C1-6烷基”,意指可由1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子或6个碳原子组成的烷基基团。在一个实施方案中,“烷基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“烷基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“烯基”是指具有一个或多个碳-碳双键和具有二至约十个碳原子,或两至约六个碳原子的直链或支链烃单自由基。基团可以是双键的顺式或反式构象,并应理解为包括这两种异构体。实例包括但不限于乙烯基(-CH=CH2)、1-丙烯基(-CH2CH=CH2)、异丙烯基[-C(CH3)=CH2]、丁烯基、1,3-丁二烯基等。无论何时它出现在本文,数值范围诸如“C2-C6烯基”或“C2-6烯基”,意指可由2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子或6个碳原子组成的烯基基团。在一个实施方案中,“烯基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“烯基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“炔基”是指具有一个或多个碳碳三键和具有二至约十个碳原子,或二至约六个碳原子的直链或支链烃单自由基。实例包括但不限于乙炔基、2-丙炔基、2-丁炔基、1,3-丁二炔基等。无论何时它出现在本文,数值范围例如“C2-C6炔基”或“C2-6炔基”,意指可由2个碳原子、3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子或6个碳原子组成的炔基基团。在一个实施方案中,“炔基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“炔基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“杂烷基”、“杂烯基”和“杂炔基”分别是指烷基、烯基和炔基结构,如上所述,其中一个或多个骨架链碳原子(和任何相关的氢原子,视情况)每个独立地被杂原子(即除了碳的原子,诸如虽然不限于氧、氮、硫、硅、磷、锡或其组合),或杂原子基团诸如虽然不限于-O-O-、-S-S-、-O-S-、-S-O-、═N-N═、-N═N-、-N═N-NH-、-P(O)2-、-O-P(O)2-、-P(O)2-O-、-S(O)-,-S(O)2-、-SnH2-等替换。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“卤代烷基”、“卤代烯基”和“卤代炔基”分别是指烷基、烯基和炔基基团,如上定义,其中一个或多个氢原子被氟、氯、溴或碘原子或其组合替换。在一些实施方案中,两个或多个氢原子可被彼此相同的卤素原子替换(例如二氟甲基);在其它实施方案中,两个或多个氢原子可被彼此不完全相同的卤素原子替换(例如1-氯-1-氟-1-碘乙基)。卤代烷基基团的非限制性实例是氟甲基、氯甲基和溴乙基。卤代烯基基团的非限制性实例是溴乙烯基。卤代炔基基团的非限制性实例是氯乙炔基。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“碳链”是指任何烷基、烯基、炔基、杂烷基、杂烯基或杂炔基基团,其是线状、环状或任何其组合。如果该链是连接基的一部分,并且连接基包含一个或多个环作为核心骨架,为了计算链长,该“链”仅包括构成给定环的底部或顶部且不能同时构成底部和顶部的那些碳原子,并且在环的顶部和底部长度不等效处,在确定链长时应使用较短的距离。如果该链中包含杂原子作为骨架的一部分,那些原子不计算作为碳链长度的一部分。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“环烷基”是指包含三至约十五个环碳原子或三至约十个环碳原子的饱和的烃单自由基环,虽然可包括另外的非环碳原子作为取代基(例如甲基环丙基)。无论何时它出现在本文,数值范围诸如“C3-C6环烷基”或“C3-6环烷基”,意指可由3个碳原子、4个碳原子、5个碳原子或6个碳原子组成的环烷基基团,即,是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环庚基,虽然现有定义还涵盖术语“环烷基”的出现,其中没有数值范围被指定。术语包括稠合、非稠合、桥接和螺基。稠合环烷基可包含二至四个稠环,其中附着的环是环烷基环,并且其它单个环可以是脂环、杂环、芳族、杂芳族或其任何组合。实例包括但不限于环丙基、环戊烷、环己基、十氢萘基和双环[2.2.1]庚基和金刚烷基环系统。说明性实例包括但不限于以下部分:
等。
在一个实施方案中,“环烷基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“环烷基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“非芳族杂环基”和“杂脂环基(heteroalicyclyl)”是指包含三至约二十个环原子的饱和的、部分不饱和的,或完全不饱和的非芳族环单自由基,其中一个或多个环原子是除了碳的原子,独立选自氧、氮、硫、磷、硅、硒和锡,但不限于这些原子。在环上存在两个或更多个杂原子的实施方案中,两个或更多个杂原子可彼此相同,或两个或更多个杂原子的一些或所有每个可与其他的不同。术语包括稠合、非稠合、桥接和螺基。稠合非芳族杂环基可包含二至四个稠环,其中附着的环是非芳族杂环,并且其它单个环可以是脂环、杂环、芳族、杂芳族或其任何组合。稠合环系统可跨过单键或双键,以及跨过碳-碳键、碳-杂原子键或杂原子-杂原子键稠合。术语还包括具有三至约十二个骨架环原子,以及那些具有三至约十个骨架环原子的基团。非芳族杂环亚基可通过杂原子或碳原子附着到其母体分子上。同样,另外的取代可通过杂原子或碳原子。作为非限制性实例,咪唑烷非芳族杂环可通过它的N原子(咪唑烷-1-基或咪唑烷-3-基)或任何它的碳原子(咪唑烷-2-基、咪唑烷-4-基或咪唑烷-5-基)附着到母体分子。在某些实施方案中,非芳族杂环包含一个或多个羰基或硫代羰基基团,诸如例如,包含氧代-和硫代-的基团。实例包括但不限于吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、噻噁烷基、哌嗪基、氮杂环丁基、氧杂环丁基、硫杂环丁基、高哌啶基、氧杂环庚烷基、硫杂环庚烷基、氧氮杂环庚三烯基、二氮杂环庚三烯基、硫氮杂环庚三烯基、1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吲哚啉基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二氧杂环己基、1,3-二氧戊环基、吡唑啉基、二噻烷基、二硫环戊基、二氢吡喃基、二氢噻吩基、二氢呋喃基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己基、3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚基、3H-吲哚基和喹嗪基。杂环烷基基团的说明性实例还指作为非芳族杂环,包括:
等。
术语还包括所有环形式的碳水化合物,包括但不限于单糖、二糖和寡糖。在一个实施方案中,“非芳族杂环基”或“杂脂环基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“非芳族杂环基”或“杂脂环基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“芳基”是指六至约二十个环碳原子的芳族烃基团,并包括稠合和非稠合的芳环。稠合芳环基团包含二至四个稠环,其中附着的环是芳环,并且其他单个环可以是脂环、杂环、芳环、杂芳环或其任何组合。而且,术语芳基包括包含六至约十二个环碳原子,以及那些包含六至约十个环碳原子的稠合和非稠合的环。单环芳基基团的非限制性实例包括苯基;稠环芳基基团包括萘基、菲基、蒽基、薁基;并且非稠合的双芳基基团包括联苯。在一个实施方案中,“芳基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“芳基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“杂芳基”是指包含约五至约二十个骨架环原子的芳族单自由基,其中一个或多个环原子是独立选自氧、氮、硫、磷、硅、硒和锡,但不限于这些原子的杂原子,并且附带条件是所述基团的环不包含两个相邻的O或S原子。在环上存在两个或更多个杂原子的实施方案中,两个或更多个杂原子可彼此相同,或两个或更多个杂原子的一些或所有每个可与其他的不同。术语杂芳基包括具有至少一个杂原子的稠合和非稠合的杂芳基基团。术语杂芳基还包括具有五至约十二个骨架环原子,以及那些具有五至约十个骨架环原子的稠合和非稠合的杂芳基。可通过碳原子或杂原子结合到杂芳基基团。因此,作为非限制性实例,咪唑基团可通过任何它的碳原子(咪唑-2-基、咪唑-4-基或咪唑-5-基)或它的氮原子(咪唑-1-基或咪唑-3-基)附着到母体分子。同样,杂芳基基团可通过任何或所有它的碳原子,和/或任何或所有它的杂原子被进一步取代。稠合的杂芳基基团可包含二至四个稠环,其中附着的环是杂芳环,并且其他单个环可以是脂环、杂环、芳族、杂芳族或其任何组合。单环杂芳基基团的非限制性实例包括吡啶基;稠环杂芳基基团包括苯并咪唑基、喹啉基、吖啶基;并且非稠合的双杂芳基基团包括双吡啶基。杂芳基进一步的实例包括,不限于,呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并三唑基、咪唑基、吲哚基、异噁唑基、异喹啉基、吲哚嗪基、异噻唑基、异吲哚噁二唑基、吲唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡咯基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、嘌呤基、酞嗪基、蝶啶基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、三唑基、四唑基、噻唑基、三嗪基、噻二唑基等,和它们的氧化物诸如例如吡啶基-N-氧化物。杂芳基基团的说明性实例包括以下部分:
等。
在一个实施方案中,“杂芳基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“杂芳基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“杂环基”共同地是指杂脂环基和杂芳基基团。本文无论何时说明杂环的碳原子数量(如C1-C6杂环),至少一个非碳原子(杂原子)必须存在于环。指定诸如“C1-C6杂环”仅是指环的碳原子数量并不是指环原子的总数。指定诸如“4-6元杂环”是指包含在环中的原子的总数(即四、五或六元环,其中至少一个原子是碳原子、至少一个原子是杂原子并且剩余的二至四个原子是碳原子或杂原子)。对于具有两个或更多个杂原子的杂环,那些两个或更多个杂原子可以是彼此相同或不同。非芳族杂环基团包括环中仅具有三个原子的基团,而芳族杂环基团必须环中具有至少五个原子。可通过杂原子或碳原子结合到杂环(即附着到母体分子或进一步取代)。在一个实施方案中,“杂环基”是取代的。除非另有说明,“杂环基”是未取代的。
如本文单独或组合所用,术语“卤素”、“卤基”或“卤化物”是指氟、氯、溴和/或碘。
根据绝对立体化学,化合物或其药学可接受的盐可包含一个或多个不对称中心并且可因而引起对映异构体、非对映异构体和其它可被定义的立体异构形式,诸如(R)-或(S)-。当本文所述的化合物包含烯烃双键或其它几何不对称中心,且除非另有特定说明,其目的是,化合物包括Z和E几何异构体(例如,顺式或反式)。同样,还旨在包括所有可能的异构体,以及其外消旋和光学纯形式,和所有互变异构形式。
“立体异构体”是指由相同原子通过相同键结合而组成的两个或更多个化合物之间的关系,但具有不同的三维结构,其是不可叠加的。术语“对映异构体”是指彼此不可叠加镜像图像的两个立体异构体。可以预想到本文公开的化合物和其混合物的各种立体异构体,在本公开的范围内并且具体地包括对映异构体。
“互变异构体”是指质子可从分子的一个原子转移到相同分子的另一个原子的化合物。本文呈现的化合物可作为互变异构体而存在。在可能进行互变异构化的溶液中,将存在互变异构体的化学平衡。异构体的精确比率取决于若干因素,包括温度、溶剂和pH。互变异构平衡的一些实例如下所示。
如本文所用,术语“非立体无规的磷键”是指磷酸二酯、或其它等排的(isosteric)连接类型、核苷酸间连接中的手性磷原子。对于包含不止一个核苷酸间磷键的实施方案而言,在每个磷原子处磷手性的手型性被独立地选择。在一个实施方案中,本文所述的寡核苷酸是纯的非对映异构体。在另一个实施方案中,寡核苷酸是更大的95%非对映异构体纯度。在另一个实施方案中,寡核苷酸是更大的90%非对映异构体纯度。
“任选的”或“任选地”意指随后描述的事件或情况可能会或可能不会发生,以及该描述包括当事件或情况发生时的实例和当事件或情况不发生时的实例。例如,“任选地取代的烷基”意指烷基基团可能或不可能被取代,以及该描述包括取代的芳基基团和不具有取代基的芳基基团。
某些核酸术语
天然核酸具有磷酸酯骨架;人工核酸可包含其它类型的骨架,但包含相同的碱基。
如本文所用,术语“核苷酸”是指多核苷酸的单体单元,其由杂环碱基、糖和一个或多个磷酸酯基团组成。天然存在的碱基,(鸟嘌呤(G)、腺嘌呤(A)、胞嘧啶(C)、胸腺嘧啶(T)和尿嘧啶(U))是嘌呤或嘧啶的衍生物,虽然应该理解天然和非天然存在的碱基类似物亦包括在内。天然存在的糖是戊糖(五碳糖)脱氧核糖(形成DNA)或核糖(形成RNA),虽然应该理解天然和非天然存在的糖类似物亦包括在内。核酸通过磷酸酯键被连接以形成核酸或多核苷酸,虽然本领域已知许多其它连接(诸如虽然不限于硫代磷酸酯、硼磷酸酯等)。人工核酸包括PNA(肽核酸)、硫代磷酸酯和天然核酸磷酸酯骨架的其它变体。
术语“核苷”是指其中核碱基或修饰的核碱基共价结合到糖或修饰的糖的部分。
术语“糖”是指闭环和/或开链形式的单糖。糖,包括但不限于核糖、脱氧核糖、戊呋喃糖、吡喃戊糖、己吡喃糖部分。
术语“修饰的糖”是指可替代糖的部分。修饰的糖模仿糖的空间布局、电子性质或一些其它理化性质。
如本文所用,术语“核酸”和“多核苷酸”是指任何长度的核苷酸的聚合形式,核糖核苷酸(RNA)或脱氧核糖核苷酸(DNA)。这些术语是指分子的一级结构,并因此包括双链和单链DNA以及双链和单链RNA。作为等同物,这些术语包括由核苷酸类似物制成的RNA或DNA的类似物和修饰的多核苷酸,诸如虽然不限于甲基化的和/或封端的多核苷酸。术语涵盖多-或寡-核糖核苷酸(RNA)和多-或寡-脱氧核糖核苷酸(DNA);来源于核碱基和/或修饰的核碱基的N-糖苷或C-糖苷的RNA或DNA;来源于糖和/或修饰的糖的核酸;和来源于磷酸酯桥和/或修饰的磷原子桥的核酸。术语涵盖包含核碱基、修饰的核碱基、糖、修饰的糖、磷酸酯桥或修饰的磷原子桥的任何组合的核酸。实例包括但不限于包含核糖部分的核酸、包含脱氧核糖部分的核酸、包含核糖和脱氧核糖部分的核酸、包含核糖和修饰的核糖部分的核酸。前缀多-是指包含约1至约10,000个核苷酸单体单元的核酸,并且其中前缀寡-是指包含约1至约200个核苷酸单体单元的核酸。
术语“核碱基”是指涉及以序列特异性方式将一个核酸链结合到另一个互补链的氢键的核酸部分。最常见的天然存在的核碱基是腺嘌呤(A)、鸟嘌呤(G)、尿嘧啶(U)、胞嘧啶(C)和胸腺嘧啶(T)。
术语“修饰的核碱基”是指能替代核碱基的部分。修饰的核碱基模仿核碱基的空间布局、电子性质或一些其它理化性质,并保留了以序列特异性方式将一个核酸链结合到另一个的氢键的性质。修饰的核碱基能与所有五个天然存在的碱基(尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶或鸟嘌呤)配对,基本上不影响解链行为、细胞内酶的识别或寡核苷酸双链体的活性。
术语“手性试剂”是指手性或对映纯的化合物,并且在核酸合成中可用于不对称诱导。
术语“手性配体”或“手性助剂”是指手性或对映纯的并控制反应的立体化学结果的部分。
在缩合反应中,术语“缩合剂”是指激活反应较弱的位点并使得其更容易受到亲核试剂攻击的试剂。
术语“封闭基团”是指瞬时掩盖官能团的反应性的基团。随后可通过除去封闭基团而不掩盖官能团。
术语“部分”是指分子的特定部分或官能团。化学部分通常被识别为嵌入或附加到分子的化学实体。
术语“固体载体”是指能实现核酸合成大规模生产的任何载体,必要时能重复使用。如本文所用,术语是指聚合物,其不溶于实施以合成核酸的反应步骤所采用的介质,并且能被衍生以包含反应基团。
术语“连接部分”是指任选地定位于末端核苷和固体载体之间或末端核苷与另一个核苷之间的任何部分。
“DNA分子”是指在其单链形式或双链螺旋中脱氧核糖核苷酸(腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶或胞嘧啶)的聚合形式。这一术语仅是指分子的一级和二级结构,且并不限制其任何特别的三级形式。因此,这一术语包括尤其在线性DNA分子(例如限制片段)、病毒、质粒和染色体中发现的双链DNA。在讨论特定的双链DNA分子的结构中,本文可根据仅给出沿DNA的非转录链(即该链具有与mRNA同源的序列)5'至3'方向的序列的标准惯例来描述序列。
如本文所用,“反义”核酸分子包含与编码蛋白的“正义”核酸互补的核苷酸序列,例如,与双链cDNA分子的编码链互补、与mRNA序列互补或与基因的编码链互补。因此,反义核酸分子可氢键结合至正义核酸分子上。
如本文所用,“互补DNA”或“cDNA”包括由mRNA逆转录合成的重组多核苷酸,并且其中干预序列(内含子)已被除去。
制备新型官能化核酸和核酸前药的合成方法
本文描述了合成新型官能化核酸和核酸前药的方法。在一些实施方案中,核酸包含手性磷部分。
一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ia的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;和
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IIa的硫代磺酸酯试剂反应以提供结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ia的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IIa的硫代磺酸酯试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是烷基、环烷基或杂芳基;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
并且所述结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间。
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中W是O。
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中R1选自:
并且
R2选自:
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使包含结构Ib的非立体无规的磷键的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;和
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IIb的硫代磺酸酯试剂反应以提供包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述包含结构Ib的非立体无规的磷键的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IIb的硫代磺酸酯试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
并且所述包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的手性硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、NH或CH2;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间。
另一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中W是O。
另一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中R1选自:
并且
R2选自:
另一个实施方案提供了制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ic的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂反应以提供包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯;
iii)使所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯与结构VIc的亲核体反应以提供结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
每个R6独立地是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
所述结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
R7-SH,其中R7选自烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
并且结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是R7-S-S-X-
R7是烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;
n是1至约200之间;并且
其中所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯、所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯和所述结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的所述磷键可任选地包含非立体无规的磷键。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中结构IIIb的硫代磷酸三酯包含非立体无规的磷键并且结构Ic的H-磷酸酯包含非立体无规的磷键;并且W独立选自O、NH或CH2。另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中W是O。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中R6是甲基。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂选自:
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
另一个实施方案提供了制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
另一个实施方案提供了方法,其中H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
修饰的寡核苷酸
寡核苷酸有几个药学性质,其能通过前药策略的应用得到提高。特别地,寡核苷酸被核酸酶快速降解并且通过细胞质细胞膜展示出较差的细胞摄取(Poijarvi-Virta等,Curr.Med.Chem.(2006),13(28);3441-65;Wagner等,Med.Res.Rev.(2000),20(6):417-51;Peyrottes等,Mini Rev.Med.Chem.(2004),4(4):395-408;Gosselin等,(1996),43(1):196-208;Bologna等,(2002),Antisense&Nucleic Acid Drug Development 12:33-41)。在一个实施例中,Vives等,(Nucleic Acids Research(1999),27(20):4071-76)发现与母体寡核苷酸相比,叔丁基SATE前寡核苷酸(pro-oligonucleotides)显示明显增加的细胞渗透。本文描述了合成修饰的寡核苷酸或前核苷酸(pronucleotides)的方法。
本发明的方法中使用的反应条件和试剂。
条件
使包含非手性H-膦酸酯部分的分子与包含5′-OH部分的核苷反应以形成缩合的中间体的步骤能发生而不用分离任何中间体。在一些实施方案中,使包含非手性H-膦酸酯部分的分子与包含5′-OH部分的核苷反应以形成缩合的中间体的步骤发生是一罐反应。在实施方案中,包含非手性H-膦酸酯部分的分子、缩合试剂、手性试剂和包含游离的亲核部分的化合物在不同的时间被添加到反应混合物中。在另一个实施方案中,包含非手性H-膦酸酯部分的分子、缩合试剂和手性试剂存在于相同反应器或相同罐中。在另一个实施方案中,包含非手性H-膦酸酯部分的分子、缩合试剂、手性试剂和包含游离的亲核部分的化合物存在于相同反应器或相同罐中。这使得不分离中间体而实施反应,并消除了费时的步骤,导致经济的和高效的合成。在特定的实施方案中,非手性H-膦酸酯、缩合试剂、手性氨基醇、5′-OH核苷同时存在于反应中。在进一步的实施方案中,用于缩合的手性中间体的形成在原位形成,并且在缩合反应之前不被分离。在另一个实施方案中,包含非手性H-膦酸酯部分的分子已被具有缩合试剂、手性试剂的反应激活,其在与使手性中间体与包含游离的5′-OH部分反应所用的反应器不同的反应器中。
固体载体上的合成
在一些实施方案中,核酸的合成在溶液中进行。在其它实施方案中,核酸的合成在固相上进行。固体载体的反应基团可能未受保护或受保护。在寡核苷酸合成期间,在多个合成周期中用各种试剂处理固体载体以实现生长的寡核苷酸链和单个核苷酸单元的逐步伸长。如本文所用,链末端直接连接到固体载体的核苷单元被称为“第一核苷”。第一核苷通过连接基部分,即固体载体聚合物和核苷的具有共价键的双自由基而结合到固体载体。连接基在实施以装配寡核苷酸链的合成周期期间保持完整,并且在链组装以从载体释放寡核苷酸链之后被切割。
用于固相核酸合成的固体载体包括载体,其描述于,例如,美国专利4,659,774、5,141,813、4,458,066;Caruthers美国专利号4,415,732、4,458,066、4,500,707、4,668,777、4,973,679和5,132,418;Andrus等,美国专利号5,047,524、5,262,530;和Koster美国专利号4,725,677(作为Re34,069重新发行)。在一些实施方案中,固相是有机聚合物载体。在其它实施方案中,固相是无机聚合物载体。在一些实施方案中,有机聚合物载体是聚苯乙烯、氨甲基聚苯乙烯、聚乙二醇-聚苯乙烯接枝共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇、高度交联的聚合物(HCP)或其它合成聚合物、碳水化合物诸如纤维素和淀粉或其它聚合的碳水化合物,或其它有机聚合物和任何共聚物、复合材料或以上的无机或有机材料的组合。在其它实施方案中,无机聚合物载体是二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-凝胶载体的可控孔度玻璃(CPG),或氨丙基CPG。其它有用的固体载体包括氟固体载体(参见例如,WO/2005/070859)、长链烷基胺(LCAA)可控孔度玻璃(CPG)固体载体(参见例如,S.P.Adams,K.S.Kavka,E.J.Wykes,S.B.Holder和G.R.Galluppi,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1983,105,661-663;G.R.Gough,M.J.Bruden和P.T.Gilham,Tetrahedron Lett.,1981,22,4177-4180)。膜载体和聚合的膜(参见例如Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis,Peptides,Proteins and Nucleic Acids,第21章,第157-162页,1994版,Roger Epton和美国专利No.4,923,901)也用于核酸的合成。一旦形成,膜可被化学官能化用于核酸合成。除了官能团到膜上的附着,附着到膜上的连接基或间隔子基团的使用可用于最小化膜和合成的链之间的空间位阻。
其它适合的固体载体包括本领域众所周知的适合用于固相方法的那些,包括例如,作为PrimerTM 200载体销售的玻璃、可控孔度玻璃(CPG)、草酰-可控孔度玻璃(参见,例如,Alul,等,Nucleic Acids Research,1991年,19,1527)、TentaGel载体-氨基聚乙二醇衍生化的载体(参见,例如,Wright,等,Tetrahedron Lett,1993年,34,3373),和Poros-聚苯乙烯/二乙烯基苯的共聚物。
表面活化的聚合物已证明用于在几种固体载体介质上合成天然的和修饰的核酸和蛋白质。固体载体材料可以是在孔隙中适当地统一、具有足够胺含量,并且足够柔性的接受任何附加的操作而不会失去完整性的任何聚合物。适合的可选的材料的实例包括尼龙、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯和硝酸纤维素。根据研究者的设计,其它材料可作为固体载体。考虑到一些设计,例如,可选择涂覆的金属,特别是金或铂(参见例如,美国公布No.20010055761)。在寡核苷酸合成的一个实施方案中,例如,核苷锚定到固体载体,其与羟基或氨基残基官能化。可选地,固体载体被衍生为提供酸不稳定的三烷氧基三苯甲基基团,诸如三甲氧基三苯甲基基团(TMT)。不受任何理论约束,预期三烷氧基三苯甲基保护基团的存在将允许在DNA合成器常用的条件下最初的脱三苯甲基化。为了在氨水溶液中更快地释放寡核苷酸材料,二甘酯(diglycoate)连接基任选地引入载体。
连接部分
连接部分或连接基任选地用于将固体载体连接到包含游离的亲核部分的化合物上。适合的连接基是已知的,诸如在固相合成技术中将固相载体连接到最初核苷分子的官能团(例如,羟基基团)的短的分子。在一些实施方案中,连接部分是琥珀酰胺酸连接基,或琥珀酸盐连接基(-CO-CH2-CH2-CO-),或草酰连接基(-CO-CO-)。在其它实施方案中,连接部分和核苷通过酯键结合到一起。在其它实施方案中,连接部分和核苷通过酰胺键结合到一起。在进一步的实施方案中,连接部分将核苷连接到另一个核苷酸或核酸。适合的连接基公开于,例如,Oligonucleotides And Analogues A Practical Approach,Ekstein,F.编辑,IRL Press,N.Y.,1991,第1章。
连接基部分用于将包含游离的亲和部分的化合物连接到另一个核苷、核苷酸或核酸。在一些实施方案中,连接部分是磷酸二酯键。在其它实施方案中,连接部分是H-膦酸酯部分。而在其它实施方案中,连接部分是X-膦酸酯部分。
用于合成的溶剂
核酸的合成在非质子有机溶剂中进行。在一些实施方案中,溶剂是乙腈、吡啶或NMP。在一些实施方案中,溶剂是丙酮、乙腈、NMP、乙酸乙酯、THF、二噁烷、DMF、DMSO、DCM、氯仿、吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶、HMPA、HMPT、DMA、甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、砜、甲基叔丁基醚或其组合。在一些实施方案中,溶剂是极性、非质子的有机溶剂。在一些实施方案中,溶剂是无水的。
除去封闭基团的酸化条件。
除去封闭基团的酸化通过酸或路易斯酸来完成。在一些实施方案中,酸化用于除去R1封闭基团。有用的酸是羧酸、烷基磺酸、芳基磺酸、磷酸及其衍生物、膦酸及其衍生物、烷基膦酸及其衍生物、芳基膦酸及其衍生物、次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸和二芳基次膦酸,其在有机溶剂或水(在80%乙酸的情况下)中的pKa(25℃在水中)值为-0.6(三氟乙酸)至4.76(乙酸)。酸化步骤中使用的酸浓度(1至80%)取决于酸的酸度。必须考虑到对酸强度的考虑,因为强酸性条件将导致脱嘌呤/脱嘧啶,其中嘌呤基或嘧啶基碱基从核糖环被切割。
在一些实施方案中,在有机溶剂中酸化通过路易斯酸完成。有用的路易斯酸是ZnX2其中X是Cl、Br、I或CF3SO3。
在一些实施方案中,酸化过程包含添加有效量的或路易斯酸以将缩合的中间体转化成式4的化合物而不从缩合的中间体中除去嘌呤部分。
用于酸化步骤的酸还包括但不限于有机溶剂中10%的磷酸、盐酸中的有机溶剂中10%的盐酸、有机溶剂中1%的三氟乙酸、有机溶剂中3%的二氯乙酸或水中80%的乙酸。选择此方法中所使用的任何或路易斯酸的浓度,使得酸浓度不超过引起从糖部分切割核碱基的浓度。
在一些实施方案中,酸化包括向有机溶剂中添加1%的三氟乙酸。在一些实施方案中,酸化包括向有机溶剂中添加约0.1%至约8%的三氟乙酸。在其它实施方案中,酸化包括向有机溶剂中添加3%的二氯乙酸。在其它实施方案中,酸化包括向有机溶剂中添加约0.1%至约10%的二氯乙酸。而在其它实施方案中,酸化包括向有机溶剂中添加3%的三氯乙酸。而在其它实施方案中,酸化包括向有机溶剂中添加约0.1%至约10%的三氯乙酸。在一些实施方案中,酸化包括向水中添加80%的乙酸。在一些实施方案中,酸化包括向水中添加约50%至约90%、或约50%至约80%、约50%至约70%、约50%至约60%、约70%至约90%的乙酸。在一些实施方案中,酸化包括向酸性溶剂中进一步添加阳离子清除剂。在特定的实施方案中,阳离子清除剂可以是三乙基硅烷或三异丙基硅烷。在一些实施方案中,在使缩合的中间体酸化的步骤之前,R1被去封闭。在一些实施方案中,R1通过酸化被去封闭,其包括向有机溶剂中添加1%的三氟乙酸。在一些实施方案中,R1通过酸化被去封闭,其包括向有机溶剂中添加3%的二氯乙酸。在一些实施方案中,R1通过酸化被去封闭,其包括向有机溶剂中添加3%的三氯乙酸。
封闭部分或基团的去除
官能团诸如定位于核碱基或糖部分上的羟基或氨基部分在合成期间通常被封闭(保护)基团(部分)封闭并且随后被去封闭。一般而言,封闭基团使得分子的化学官能化惰性以产生特定的反应条件,并且稍后可从从分子中此类官能化中除去,而基本不破坏分子的其余部分(参见例如,Green和Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第2版,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1991)。例如,氨基基团可用氮封闭基团封闭,诸如苯二甲酰亚氨基、9-芴基甲氧基羰基(FMOC)、三苯基甲硫基、t-BOC、4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基(DMTr)、4-甲氧基三苯甲基(MMTr)、9-苯基叶黄素-9-基(Pixyl)、三苯甲基(Tr),或9-(p-甲氧基苯基)叶黄素-9-基(MOX)。羧基基团可作为乙酰基基团而被保护。羟基基团可被保护,诸如四氢吡喃基(THP)、叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基(TBDMS)、1[(2-氯-4-甲基)苯基]-4-甲氧基哌啶-4-基(Ctmp)、1-(2-氟苯基)-4-甲氧基哌啶-4-基(Fpmp)、1-(2-氯乙氧基)乙基、3-甲氧基-1,5-二甲酯基戊烷-3-基(MDP)、双(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)甲基(ACE)、三异丙基甲硅烷基氧甲基(TOM)、1-(2-氰基乙氧基)乙基(CEE)、2-氰基乙氧基甲基(CEM)、[4-(N-二氯乙酰-N-甲基氨基)苄氧基]甲基、2-氰基乙基(CN)、新戊酰氧甲基(PivOM)、亮氨酰氧甲基(levunyloxymethyl)(ALE)。已描述其它代表性的羟基封闭基团(参见例如,Beaucage等,Tetrahedron,1992,46,2223)。在一些实施方案中,羟基封闭基团是酸不稳定的基团,诸如三苯甲基、单甲氧基三苯甲基、二甲氧基三苯甲基、三甲氧基三苯甲基、9-苯基叶黄素-9-基(Pixyl)和9-(p-甲氧基苯基)叶黄素-9-基(MOX)。化学官能团也可以通过包括在前体形式中而被封闭。因而叠氮基基团可被视为胺的封闭形式,因为叠氮基基团容易被转化为胺。用于核酸合成的进一步代表性的保护基团是已知的(参见例如Agrawal等,Protocols forOligonucleotide Conjugates,Eds.,Humana Press,New Jersey,1994,第26卷,第1-72页)。
已知各种方法用于从核酸中去除封闭基团。在一些实施方案中,所有封闭基团被去除。在其它实施方案中,封闭基团被部分去除。而在其它实施方案中,可以调整反应条件以去除某些部分上的封闭基团。在某些其中R2是封闭基团的实施方案中,R2封闭基团的去除与R1封闭基团的去除是正交的。R1和R2的封闭基团在合成步骤期间保持完整,并且在链装配后被共同去除。在一些实施方案中,R2封闭基团的去除与核酸从固体载体的切割和核碱基封闭基团的去除同时发生。在特定的实施方案中,R1的封闭基团被去除,而R2的封闭基团和核碱基保持完整。R1的封闭基团在具有有机碱基诸如伯胺、仲胺或其混合物的固相载体上是可切割的。R1位置的去封闭通常是指作为前端的脱保护。
在实施方案中,在各自的核酸与酸性试剂的组装后,核碱基封闭基团,如果存在,是可切割的。另一个实施方案中,在既非酸性也非碱性的条件下一个或多个封闭基团是可切割的,例如在氟化物盐或氢氟酸复合物下是可切割的。在又一个实施方案中,在碱基或碱性溶剂存在下在各自的核酸组装之后一个或多个核碱基封闭基团是可切割的,并且其中核碱基封闭基团对前端用胺脱保护的步骤的条件是稳定的。
在一些实施方案中,核碱基的封闭基团是不需要的。在其它实施方案中,核碱基的封闭基团是需要的。而在其它实施方案中,某些核碱基需要封闭基团,而其它核碱基不需要封闭基团。在其中核碱基被封闭的实施方案中,在适合去除前端封闭基团的条件下,封闭基团被完全或部分去除。例如,R1可表示ORa,其中Ra是酰基,并且Ba表示用包括但不限于异丁酰基、乙酰基或4-(叔-丁基苯氧基)乙酰基的酰基基团封闭的鸟嘌呤。在相同的去封闭步骤期间,R1和Ba的酰基基团将被去除或部分去除。
寡核苷硫代磷酸酯键的立体化学
寡核苷硫代磷酸酯显示出治疗潜力(Stein等,Science(1993),261:1004-12;Agrawal等,Antisence Res.and Dev.(1992),2:261-66;Bayever等,Antisense Res.andDev.(1993),3:383-390)。不考虑硫代磷酸酯的立体化学而制备的寡核苷硫代磷酸酯以2n非对映异构体的混合物存在,其中n是核苷酸间硫代磷酸酯键的数量。这些非对映异构体的硫代磷酸酯的化学和生物性质可以是不同的。例如,Wada等(Nucleic Acids Symposium,系列号为51,第119-120页;doi:10.1093/nass/nrm060)发现立体专一的-(Rp)-(Ups)9U/(Ap)9A双链体比天然的-(Up)9U/(Ap)9A双链体显示了较高的Tm值,并且立体专一的-(Sp)-(Ups)9U不形成双链体。在另一个实施例中,在一项由Tang等,(Nucleosides Nucleotides(1995),14:985-990)的研究中,立体纯的Rp-寡脱氧核糖核苷硫代磷酸酯被发现对人血清是内源性的核酸酶具有较低的稳定性,该血清中母体寡脱氧核糖核苷硫代磷酸酯具有未确定的磷手性。
核碱基和修饰的核碱基
本文所述的化合物和方法中使用的核碱基Ba是天然的核碱基或来源于天然核碱基的修饰的核碱基。实例包括但不限于尿嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶,和具有受酰基保护基团保护的它们各自的氨基基团的鸟嘌呤、2-氟尿嘧啶、2-氟胞嘧啶、5-溴尿嘧啶、5-碘尿嘧啶、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、氮杂胞嘧啶、嘧啶类似物诸如假异胞嘧啶和假尿嘧啶,以及其它修饰的核碱基诸如8-取代的嘌呤、黄嘌呤或次黄嘌呤(后两个是被自然降解的产物)等。公开于Chiu和Rana,RNA,2003,9,1034-1048,Limbach等,Nucleic Acids Research,1994,22,2183-2196以及Revankar和Rao,Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry,第7卷,313的修饰的核碱基也考虑作为本文所述的化合物和方法的Ba部分。
由以下通式表示的化合物也被考虑作为修饰的核碱基:
在上式中,R8是直链或支链的具有1至15个碳原子的烷基、芳基、芳烷基或芳氧基烷基,仅以举例的方式,包括甲基、异丙基、苯基、苄基或苯氧甲基基团;并且每个R9和R10代表具有1至4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。
修饰的核碱基还包括扩张大小的核碱基,其中已添加一个或多个苯环。描述于Glen Research目录(www.glenresearch.com);Krueger AT等,Acc.Chem.Res.,2007,40,141-150;Kool,ET,Acc.Chem.Res.,2002,35,936-943;Benner S.A.,等,Nat.Rev.Genet.,2005,6,553-543;Romesberg,F.E.,等,Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol.,2003,7,723-733;Hirao,I.,Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol.,2006,10,622-627的核碱基替代考虑用于本文所述的核酸的合成。这些扩张大小的核碱基的一些实例如下所示:
本文修饰的核碱基还涵盖不考虑核碱基但考虑其它部分诸如但不限于咕啉-或卟啉衍生的环的结构。卟啉衍生的碱基替代已描述于Morales-Rojas,H和Kool,ET,Org.Lett.,2002,4,4377-4380。如下所示是卟啉衍生的环的实例,其可用作碱基替代:
其它修饰的核碱基还包括诸如以下所示的那些碱基替代:
也考虑修饰的荧光的碱基。这些碱基替代的非限制性实例包括菲、芘、芪、异黄嘌呤、异黄蝶呤、三联苯、三噻吩、苯丙三噻吩、香豆素、二氧四氢蝶啶、栓系的芪、苯并-尿嘧啶、萘并-尿嘧啶,如下所示:
修饰的核碱基可以是未取代的或包含进一步的取代,诸如杂原子、烷基基团,或连接到荧光部分、生物素或抗生物素蛋白部分或其他蛋白质或多肽的连接部分。修饰的核碱基还包括某些‘通用的碱基’,其在最传统的意义中不是核碱基,但功能与核碱基相似。此类通用的碱基的一个代表性的实例是3-硝基吡咯。
其它核苷也可用于本文公开的方法中,并包括并入修饰的核碱基或共价结合到修饰的糖的核碱基的核苷。并入修饰的核碱基的核苷的一些实例包括4-乙酰胞苷;5-(羧基羟甲基)尿苷;2′-O-甲基胞苷;5-羧基甲基氨甲基-2-硫尿核苷;5-羧基甲基氨甲基尿苷;二氢尿苷;2′-O-甲基假尿苷;β,D-半乳糖基辫苷;2′-O-甲基鸟苷;N6-异戊烯基腺苷;1-甲基腺苷;1-甲基假尿苷;1-甲基鸟苷;1-甲基肌苷;2,2-二甲基鸟苷;2-甲基腺苷;2-甲基鸟苷;N7-甲基鸟苷;3-甲基-胞苷;5-甲基胞苷;N6-甲基腺苷;7-甲基鸟苷;5-甲基氨基乙基尿苷;5-甲氧基氨基甲基-2-硫尿苷;β,D-甘露糖基辨苷;5-甲氧基羰基甲基尿苷;5-甲氧基尿苷;2-甲硫基-N6-异戊烯基腺苷;N-((9-β,D-呋喃核糖基-2-甲硫嘌呤-6-基)氨基甲酰基)苏氨酸;N-((9-β,D-呋喃核糖基嘌呤-6-基)-N-甲基氨甲酰基)苏氨酸;尿苷-5-氧乙酸甲酯;尿苷-5-氧乙酸(v);假尿苷;辫苷;2-硫胞苷;5-甲基-2-硫尿苷;2-硫尿苷;4-硫尿苷;5-甲基尿苷;2′-O-甲基-5-甲基尿苷;和2′-O-甲基尿苷。
在一些实施方案中,核苷包括6′-修饰的双环核苷类似物,其在6′-位置具有(R)或(S)-手性,并且包括描述于美国专利No.7,399,845的类似物。在其它实施方案中,核苷包括5′-修饰的双环核苷类似物,其在5′-位置具有(R)或(S)-手性,并且包括描述于美国专利申请公开No.20070287831的类似物。
在一些实施方案中,核碱基或修饰的核碱基包含生物分子结合部分诸如抗体、抗体片段、生物素、抗生物素蛋白、链霉亲和素、受体配体或螯合部分。在其它实施方案中,Ba是5-溴尿嘧啶、5-碘尿嘧啶或2,6-二氨基嘌呤。但在其它实施方案中,Ba是由荧光或生物分子结合部分的取代而被修饰。在一些实施方案中,Ba上的取代基是荧光部分。在其它实施方案中,Ba上的取代基是生物素或抗生物素蛋白。
核苷酸/核苷的修饰的糖。
最常见的天然存在的核苷酸是连接到核碱基腺苷(A)、胞嘧啶(C)、鸟嘌呤(G)和胸腺嘧啶(T)或尿嘧啶(U)的核糖糖。还考虑修饰的核苷酸,其中核苷酸中磷酸盐基团或修饰的磷原子部分可被连接到糖或修饰的糖的各种位置。如非限制性实例,磷酸酯基团或修饰的磷原子部分可被连接到糖或修饰的糖的2′、3′、4′或5′羟基部分。上述并入修饰的核碱基的核苷酸也可用于本文公开的方法。在一些实施方案中,包含未受保护的-OH部分的核苷酸或修饰的核苷酸用于本文公开的方法。
除了描述于方案1-4b的核糖部分,其它修饰的糖也可并入本文公开的核酸中。在一些实施方案中,修饰的糖在2′位置包含一个或多个取代基,包括下列之一:F;CF3,CN,N3,NO,NO2,O-,S-或N-烷基;O-,S-或N-烯基;O-,S-或N-炔基;或O-烷基-O-烷基,O-烷基-N-烷基或N-烷基-O-烷基,其中烷基、烯基和炔基可被C1-C10烷基或C2-C10烯基和炔基取代或不被取代。取代基的实例包括但不限于O(CH2)nOCH3和O(CH2)nNH2,其中n是从1至约10、MOE、DMAOE、DMAEOE。本文还考虑描述于WO 2001/088198;和Martin等,Helv.Chim.Acta,1995,78,486-504的修饰的糖。在一些实施方案中,修饰的糖包含取代的甲硅烷基基团、RNA切割基团、报告基团、荧光标记、嵌入剂、提高核酸的药代动力学性质的基团、或提高核酸的药效学性质的基团,和其它具有相似性质的取代基。可在糖或修饰的糖的2′、3′、4′、5′或6′位置进行修饰,包括3′-末端核苷酸的糖的3′位置或5′-末端核苷酸的5′位置。
修饰的糖还包括糖模拟物诸如环丁基或环戊基部分来代替戊呋喃糖基糖。教导制备此类修饰的糖结构的代表性的美国专利包括但不限于美国专利No.:4,981,957;5,118,800;5,319,080和5,359,044。考虑的一些修饰的糖包括:
修饰的糖的其它非限制性实例包括甘油,其形成甘油核酸(GNA)类似物。GNA类似物的一个实例如下所示并且描述于Zhang,R等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2008,130,5846-5847;Zhang L,等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2005,127,4174-4175和Tsai CH等,PNAS,2007,14598-14603:
其中X如本文所定义。GNA衍生的类似物的另一个例子是基于混合的甲酰甘油的乙缩醛缩醛胺的柔性核酸(FNA),描述于Joyce GF等,PNAS,1987,84,4398-4402以及Heuberger BD和Switzer C,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2008,130,412-413,并显示如下:
修饰的糖的其它非限制性实例包括己吡喃糖基(6’至4’)、戊吡喃糖基(4’至2’)、戊吡喃糖基(4’至3’)或四呋喃糖基(3’至2’)糖。
考虑的己吡喃糖基(6’至4’)糖包括:
考虑的戊吡喃糖基(4’至2’)糖包括:
考虑的戊吡喃糖基(4’至3’)糖包括:
考虑的四呋喃糖基(3’至2’)糖包括:
考虑的其它修饰的糖包括:
进一步考虑如下所示的糖模拟物,其中X选自S、Se、CH2、N-Me、N-Et或N-iPr。
修饰的糖和糖模拟物可由本领域已知的方法来制备,包括但不限于:A.Eschenmoser,Science(1999),284:2118;M.Bohringer等,Helv.Chim.Acta(1992),75:1416-1477;M.Egli等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.(2006),128(33):10847-56;A.Eschenmoser inChemical Synthesis:Gnosis to Prognosis,C.Chatgilialoglu和V.Sniekus编,(KluwerAcademic,Netherlands,1996),第293页;K.-U.Schoning等Science(2000),290:1347-1351;A.Eschenmoser等,Helv.Chim.Acta(1992),75:218;J.Hunziker等Helv.Chim.Acta(1993),76:259;G.Otting等,Helv.Chim.Acta(1993),76:2701;K.Groebke等,Helv.Chim.Acta(1998),81:375;和A.Eschenmoser,Science(1999),284:2118。
封闭基团
在所述反应中,在某些实施方案中有必要保护反应官能团,例如羟基、氨基、巯基或羧基基团,其中这些基团在终产物中是想要的,以避免其不必要地参与反应。保护基团用于封闭一些或所有的反应部分,并且防止此类基团参与化学反应直到保护基团被去除。在一个实施方案中,每个保护基团通过不同的方法被去除。在完全不同的反应条件下切割的保护基团实现差异去除的要求。在一些实施方案中,保护基团可用酸、碱和/或氢解去除。诸如三苯甲基、二甲氧基三苯甲基、乙缩醛和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基的基团是酸不稳定的,并且在某些实施方案中,在用Cbz基团(可通过氢解去除)和/或Fmoc基团(其为碱不稳定的)保护的氨基基团存在下,用于保护羧基和羟基反应部分。在其它实施方案中,在被酸不稳定的基团诸如叔丁基氨基甲酸酯或氨基甲酸酯(两个均为酸和碱稳定但可水解去除的)封闭的胺存在下,羧酸和羟基反应部分被诸如但不限于甲基、乙基和乙酰基的碱不稳定的基团封闭。
在另一个实施方案中,羟基反应部分被诸如苄基基团的水解可去除的保护基团所封闭,而能够与酸形成氢键的胺基基团被诸如Fmoc的碱不稳定的基团封闭。在另一个实施方案中,羧酸反应部分通过转化为简单的酯化合物被保护,或者在又一个实施方案中,它们被诸如2,4-二甲氧基苄基的氧化可去除保护基团封闭,而共同存在的氨基基团被氟化物不稳定的甲硅烷基或氨基甲酸酯封闭基团封闭。
烯丙基封闭基团在酸-和碱-保护基团的存在下有用,因为前者稳定并且随后可通过金属或pi-酸催化剂去除。例如,在酸不稳定的叔丁基氨基甲酸酯或碱不稳定的乙酸胺保护基团存在下,烯丙基-封闭的羟基基团可用Pd(0)-催化的反应脱保护。然而,保护基团的另一个形式是连接了化合物或中间体的树脂。只要残基连接于树脂上,官能团即被封闭而无法反应。一旦从树脂上释放,官能团可用于反应。
仅以举例的方式,用于合成本文所述的化合物的典型的封闭/保护基团为:
在合成期间用于保护核苷酸的代表性的保护基团包括碱不稳定的保护基团和酸不稳定的保护基团。碱不稳定的保护基团用于保护杂环核碱基的环外氨基基团。此类型的保护通常通过乙酰化获得。三个通常用于该目的的乙酰化基团是苯甲酰基氯、苯氧乙酸酐和异丁酰氯。这些保护基团在用于核酸合成中的反应条件下稳定并且在合成最后的碱处理中以大致相当的速率被切割。
在一些实施方案中,5′-保护基团是三苯甲基、单甲氧基三苯甲基、二甲氧基三苯甲基、三甲氧基三苯甲基、2-氯三苯甲基、DATE、TBTr、9-苯基黄嘌呤-9-基(Pixyl)或9-(对-甲氧基苯基)黄嘌呤-9-基(MOX)。
在一些实施方案中,巯基部分并入本文所述的化合物并且被保护。在一些实施方案中,保护基团包括但不限于pixyl、三苯甲基、苄基、对-甲氧基苄基(PMB)或叔-丁基(t-Bu)。
其它保护基团以及产生保护基团和去除保护基团所用的技术的详细描述,描述于Greene和Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley&Sons,NewYork,NY,1999,以及Kocienski,Protective Groups,Thieme Verlag,New York,NY,1994,其通过引用并入本文用于此类公开。
本发明还提供了以下实施方式:
实施方式1.一种制备结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ic的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂反应以提供包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯;
iii)使所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯与结构VIc的亲核体反应以提供结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
每个R6独立地是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
所述结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
R7-SH,其中R7选自烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
并且结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是R7-S-S-X-
R7是烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;
n是1至约200之间;并且
其中所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯、所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯和所述结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的所述磷键可任选地包含非立体无规的磷键。
实施方式2.根据实施方式1所述的方法,其中所述结构IIIb的硫代磷酸三酯包含非立体无规的磷键并且所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯包含非立体无规的磷键;并且W独立选自O、NH或CH2。
实施方式3.根据实施方式1或2所述的方法,其中W是O。
实施方式4.根据实施方式1所述的方法,其中R6是甲基。
实施方式5.根据实施方式1所述的方法,其中结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂选自:
实施方式6.根据实施方式1所述的方法,其中所述结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
实施方式7.根据实施方式1所述的方法,其中所述甲硅烷基化试剂选自:
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
实施方式8.根据实施方式7所述的方法,其中所述甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
实施方式9.根据实施方式8所述的方法,其中所述甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
实施方式10.根据实施方式9所述的方法,其中所述H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
下面提供的实施例进一步阐释并举例说明本发明的化合物和制备此类化合物的方法。应理解本发明的范围不以任何方式限制于以下实施例和制备的范围。
实施例
实施例1-甲烷硫代磺酸酯试剂的合成
方案1
(i)MsCl,NEt3,(ii)NaMTS,(iii)PivCl,NEt3,(iv)NaMTS,Nal,(v)化合物4,(vi)TMSCl,NEt3,(vii)化合物35,DEAD,PPh3,
(viii)TBAF,(ix)TsCl,吡啶,(x)Ac2O,吡啶(xi)NaTTS
化合物2:(Z)-丁-2-烯-1,4-二醇(0.93ml,11.3mmol)和三乙胺(3.3ml,24mmol)的DCM(50mL)溶液以逐滴的方式加至搅拌的冰冷的甲磺酰氯(1.9ml,24mmol)的DCM(50mL)溶液中。在室温搅拌0.5小时后,将混合物倾倒至冰上并萃取。将有机层收集、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩到2.66g,96%的化合物2,其通过NMR判断足够纯以直接用于反应的下一步骤。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.94(ddd,J=5.4,4.1,1.3Hz,2H),4.83(dd,J=4.1,1.3Hz,4H),3.04(s,6H);13C NMR 128.34,64.38,38.27;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):262.04,测定值:262.05。Rf=0.3(1:1EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物3:在室温下,甲烷硫代磺酸钠(1.51g,11.3mmol)的MeOH(20ml)溶液用纯的(Z)-丁-2-烯-1,4-二基二甲烷磺酸酯(1.25g,5.12mmol)处理。5分钟后观察到沉淀发生。36小时后,将混合物分配于水和DCM之间。将有机层分离、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩以提供无色油状物。柱色谱法(ISCO)得到浅的无色油状纯产物。柱色谱法得到无色油状纯化合物3(0.89g,63%)。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.84(ddd,J=6.6,5.1,1.5Hz,2H),3.92(dd,J=5.1,1.5HZ,4H),3.33(s,6H);13C NMR 128.1,51.47,33.13;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):294.00,测定值:294.04。Rf=0.4(1:1EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物4:在氩气氛下,吗啉(10g,115mmol)加至圆底烧瓶中的环硫乙烷(15g,250mmol)中。反应搅拌7小时并直接上样至硅胶柱中。柱子首先用DCM洗涤,然后用2%MeOH/DCM洗涤以获得无色油状化合物4(15.3g,91%)。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ3.67-3.59(m,4H),2.63-2.52(m,2H),2.51-2.45(m,2H),2.44-2.34(m,4H);MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H)+=148.07,测定值:148.1。
化合物5:在室温下,2-吗啉乙硫醇(0.21g,1.44mmol)的DCM溶液(1mL)通过注射器逐滴加至搅拌的化合物3(0.40g,1.44mmol)的DCM(10mL)溶液中。添加后立即进行TLC检查,以揭示产物和一定数量的二聚体的快速形成。0.5小时后,通过添加水将混合物分配。经萃取,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。柱色谱法得到无色油状的化合物5(0.29g,58%)。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.78(m,2H),3.92(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),3.70(t,J=4.7Hz,4H),3.46(d,J=5.5Hz,2H),3.31(s,3H),2.84(dd,J=7.8,6.7Hz,2H),2.66(dd,J=7.8,6.7,2H),2.48(t,J=4.6Hz,4H);13C NMR 130.35,126.27,66.97,58.20,53.67,51.52,36.22,35.16,33.67;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):344.05,测定值:344.06。Rf=0.3(EtOAc)。
化合物5b:在室温下,化合物4b(395mg,1.085mmol)的DCM溶液(1mL)通过注射器逐滴加至搅拌的化合物3(300mg,1.085mmol)的DCM(15mL)溶液中。1小时后,通过添加水将所得的溶液分配。经萃取,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。柱色谱法得到无色油状的化合物5b(0.35g,58%)。1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.83–5.70(m,2H),5.35–5.21(dt,J=26.0,9.3Hz,2H),5.16–5.07(m,1H),4.59–4.54(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.29–4.23(m,1H),4.23–4.18(m,1H),3.99–3.88(dd,J=6.7,1.2Hz,2H),3.80–3.72(ddd,J=10.1,4.6,2.6Hz,1H),3.64–3.56(m,1H),3.50–3.43(m,1H),3.31(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),2.03(s,6H),2.00(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ170.68,170.30,169.51,169.30,129.43,127.14,87.73,76.49,73.89,69.16,67.99,61.99,51.64,35.89,33.58,20.95,20.80,20.74,20.71;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4 +):578.07,测定值:577.96。Rf=0.5(1:1EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物6:(Z)-丁-2-烯-1,4-二醇(0.93ml,11.3mmol)和三乙胺(1.6mL,11.5mmol)的DCM(50ml)冰冻溶液通过注射器以逐滴的方式用新戊酰氯(1.4ml,11.4mmol)处理2分钟以上。1小时后,TLC显示了良好的反应。
通过添加水,将所得的混合物分配。经萃取,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。通过TLC(Rf=0.6,1:1EtOAc/己烷)发现这种粗化合物不包含起始的二醇并且粗使用以制备甲磺酸。使粗材料溶于包含三乙胺(1.7mL,12mmol)的DCM(50ml)中并且在冰浴冷却。通过注射器逐滴添加甲磺酰氯(0.98ml,12.66mmol)2分钟以上。添加后,TLC立即显示完全消耗起始材料。通过添加水,将所得的混合物分配。经萃取,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。柱色谱法得到无色油状的纯的化合物6,1.48g,52%。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.89–5.75(m,2H),4.89–4.84(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),4.68–4.63(d,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.03(s,3H),1.19(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ178.28,130.61,126.11,65.08,59.65,38.84,38.21,27.25;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):268.12,测定值:268.20;Rf=0.3(20%EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物7:甲烷硫代磺酸钠(0.63g,4.70mmol)和(Z)-4-(甲基磺酰氧基)丁-2-烯基新戊酸酯(1.00g,4.00mmol)的MeOH(10ml)溶液在室温下搅拌18小时,形成白色沉淀物(10分钟后)。通过添加水和DCM,将所得的混合物分配。经萃取到DCM中,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。柱色谱法得到无色油状的化合物7,0.83g,78%。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.82–5.73(m,2H),4.73–4.66(m,2H),3.95–3.87(m,2H),3.32(s,3H),1.19(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ178.35,129.37,127.32,59.50,51.44,38.84,33.61,27.28;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):284.10,测定值:284.19;Rf=0.4(20%EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物9:新戊酰氯(0.60g,5.0mmol)以逐滴方式加至搅拌的S-2-羟基乙基甲烷硫代磺酸酯(0.65g,4.16mmol)的DCM(20ml)溶液中。室温下2小时后,所得的混合物与白色沉淀物用水进行分配。将有机层分离、干燥(Ns2SO4)、过滤并浓缩到油状物。柱子得到无色油状的化合物9(0.45g,45%)。1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ4.39–4.34(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.44–3.39(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.36(s,3H),1.20(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ62.10,51.11,38.96,35.19,27.24;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):158.08,测定值:158.04.Rf=0.3(20%EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物11:新戊酰氯(4.96ml,40.3mmol)通过注射器逐滴加至冰冻的2-(羟甲基)苯酚(5g,40.3mmol)和三乙胺(5.61ml,40.3mmol)的DCM溶液(50mL)中。冰冻的粗新戊酸酯溶液用三乙胺(6.74ml,48.4mmol)和50mL DCM处理。然后通过注射器缓慢添加甲磺酰氯(3.43ml,44.3mmol)(5分钟)并且所得的混合物暖至室温。将混合物倾倒至冰上并且将有机层分离然后用饱和NaHCO3(水溶液)洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩到10.5g粗的浅黄色油状物。
柱(ISCO)得到纯的11,5.45g,47%。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ7.53–7.46(dd,7.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.46–7.40(dt,7.7,1.8Hz,1H),7.32–7.24(t,7.7Hz,1H),7.13–7.06(d,7.7Hz,1H),5.21(s,2H),2.79(s,3H),1.40(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ177.05,150.06,131.18,131.07,126.35,125.94,123.21,66.88,39.48,38.82,27.30,27.26.MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):304.12,测定值:303.99。Rf=0.4(20%EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物12:在室温下,甲烷硫代磺酸钠(0.825g,6.15mmol)的MeOH(20mL)溶液用2-((甲基磺酰氧基)甲基)苯基新戊酸酯(1.76g,6.15mmol)处理并且静置搅拌18小时。将混合物分配于水和DCM之间。将有机层分离、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩以提供无色油状物。柱色谱法得到浅的无色油状纯化合物12,0.754g,41%。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ7.48–7.44(dd,J=7.7,1.7Hz,1H),7.39–7.34(td,J=7.8,1.7Hz,1H),7.25–7.20(td,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),7.10–7.06(dd,J=8.2,1.2Hz,1H),4.29(s,2H),2.90(s,3H),1.39(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ176.69,149.59,131.17,129.85,127.41,126.18,123.40,51.43,39.47,36.01,27.30;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):320.10,测定值:320.09。Rf=0.4(20%EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物14:在室温下,新戍酸氯甲酯(0.478ml,3.32mmol)加至搅拌的碘化钠(0.050g,0.33mmol)和甲烷硫代磺酸钠(0.445g,3.32mmol)的丙酮(7ml)混合物中。24小时后,TLC显示良好转化为产物。溶剂被去除,并且将残留物分配于水和DCM之间。将有机层分离和干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩以提供无色油状物。柱色谱法得到略带粉红色的固体纯14,0.41g,55%。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ5.67(s,2H),3.39(s,3H),1.24(s,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ177.35,67.84,52.20,38.93,27.05.Rf=0.5(20%EtOAc/己烷)。
化合物16:如前面所述由15和NaMTS制备:美国3,484,473
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ4.86(s,2H),3.45(s,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ52.15,41.50.
化合物18:如前面所述由17和NaMTS制备:Chem.Pharm.Bull.第12卷(11),第1271页,1964。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ3.55(s,4H),3.40(s,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ50.67,35.96。
化合物19:在室温下,2-吗啉乙硫醇(0.17g,1.2mmol)的DCM溶液(1mL)通过注射器逐滴加至搅拌的化合物18(300mg,1.2mmol)的DCM(10mL)溶液中。添加后立即进行TLC检查,以揭示产物和一些二聚体的快速形成。0.5小时后,通过添加NaHCO3将混合物进行分配。经萃取,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。柱色谱法得到无色油状的纯的19(0.20g,53%)。1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ3.73–3.67(t,J=4.7Hz,4H),3.51–3.46(m,2H),3.35(s,3H),3.07–3.01(m,2H),2.88–2.83(m,2H),2.69–2.63(m,2H),2.52–2.43(t,J=4.6Hz,4H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ66.96,57.91,53.58,50.79,37.66,36.10,35.52;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):318.03,测定值:318.04。Rf=0.3(EtOAc)。
化合物21:通过与描述化合物11类似的程序,化合物20转化为化合物21。
化合物22:通过与描述化合物12类似的程序,化合物21转化为化合物22。
化合物23:根据文献方法(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,50(23),5568-5570;2007.)制备化合物23。
化合物24:化合物23(1mmol)的冰冻的吡啶溶液(10mL)以逐滴的方式依次用乙酰氯(1mmol),然后5分钟后用MsCl(1.1mmol)处理。将溶液暖至室温然后去除溶剂。将残留物溶于EtOAc、用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。通过柱色谱法的纯化提供纯化合物24。
化合物25:通过与描述化合物12类似的程序,化合物24转化为化合物25。
化合物27:通过与描述化合物14类似的程序,化合物26转化为化合物27。
化合物29:通过与描述化合物14类似的程序,化合物28转化为化合物29。
化合物30:根据文献方法(Tetrahedron,42(2),601-7;1986.)制备化合物30。
化合物31:根据专利程序(美国20090181444),由化合物30制备化合物31。
化合物33:根据专利程序(美国20090181444),由化合物32制备化合物33。
化合物36:化合物34(1mmol)的冰冻的DCM(20mL)溶液用NEt3(1mmol)处理,然后逐滴添加TMS-Cl(1.1mmol)。1小时后,将溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。粗TMS保护材料重新溶于THF(10mL),在此之上依次添加PPh3(1.2mmol)、化合物35(1.2mmol)、然后DEAD(1.2mmol,逐滴)。在室温下搅拌18小时后,在真空下去除溶剂,残留物重新溶于DCM,其溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。通过柱色谱法的纯化提供纯的化合物36。
化合物37:化合物36(0.5mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液用TBAF(1mmol的1M的THF溶液)处理,通过TLC监测。TMS切割完成后,在真空下去除溶剂,残留物重新溶于DCM,其溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。粗乙醇重新溶于吡啶(5mL),并且添加TsCl(0.55mmol)。在室温下18小时后去除溶剂,残留物重新溶于DCM,其溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。通过柱色谱法的纯化提供纯的化合物37。
化合物38:通过与描述化合物12类似的程序,化合物37转化为化合物38。
化合物40:化合物39(1mmol)的冰冻的DCM(20mL)溶液用NEt3(1mmol)处理,然后逐滴添加TMS-Cl(1.1mmol)。1小时后,将溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。粗TMS保护材料重新溶于THF(10mL),在此之上依次添加PPh3(1.2mmol)、对甲苯硫代磺酸钾(KTTS,1.2mmol)、无水ZnCl2(1mmol)、然后DEAD(1.2mmol,逐滴)。在室温下搅拌18小时后,在真空下去除溶剂,残留物重新溶于DCM,其溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。通过柱色谱法的纯化提供纯的化合物40。
化合物41:化合物40(0.5mmol)的THF(10mL)溶液用TBAF(1mmol的1M的THF溶液)处理,通过TLC监测。TMS切割完成后,在真空下去除溶剂,残留物重新溶于DCM,其溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。粗乙醇重新溶于THF(10mL),在此之上依次添加PPh3(1.2mmol)、化合物35(1.2mmol)、然后DEAD(1.2mmol,逐滴)。在室温下18小时后去除溶剂,在真空下去除溶剂,残留物重新溶于DCM,其溶液用水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。通过柱色谱法的纯化提供纯的化合物40。
化合物42:通过与描述化合物14类似的程序,化合物41转化为化合物42。
实施例2–在溶液相中H-膦酸酯的硫代烷基化提供硫代磷酸三酯
方案2
BSTFA=N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺:CF3C=NSi(CH3)3OSi(CH3)3
化合物100:此前已描述二-DMTr H-膦酸酯TT二聚体(100)的合成程序(Froehler,Brian C.;Ng,Peter G.;Matteucci,Mark D.,Nucleic Acids Research(1986),14(13),5399-5407;Garegg,Per J.;Lindh,Ingvar;Regberg,Tor;Stawinski,Jacek;Stroemberg,Roger;Henrichson,Christina Tetrahedron Letters(1986),27(34),4051-4054)。
化合物101:化合物100,非对映异构体的混合物(200mg,0.176mmol),溶于ACN(6mL),然后添加三甲基甲硅烷基2,2,2-三氟-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰亚胺(227mg,0.882mmol)。然后在1小时过程中以约3等份添加(Z)-S-4-((2-吗啉基乙基)二硫基)丁-2-烯基甲烷硫代磺酸酯(121mg,0.353mmol)的ACN(2mL)溶液,通过TLC和HPLC/MS监测。3小时后,通过添加水将所得的溶液分配。经萃取,将有机层分离然后干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并真空浓缩。柱色谱法得到白色泡沫状的化合物101,225mg,91%。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.72(d,br,1H),9.27,(d,br,1H),7.53(dd,J=25.0,1Hz,1H),7.42,(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.37–7.16(m,17H),6.83(m,8H),6.43–6.28(m,2H),5.63–5.42(m,2H),5.21(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.27(m,br,1H),3.94(m,br,2H),3.77(m,12H),3.74–3.60(m,6H),3.51–3.22(m,5H),2.82–2.76(m,2H),2.68–2.60(m,2H),2.59–2.46(m,5H),2.44–2.33(m,2H),2.03–1.88(m,1H),1.84(m,3H),1.75–1.66(m,1H),1.48–1.32(dd,J=11.8,1.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.10,164.07,164.00,163.94,159.14,159.10,150.80,150.78,150.75,150.63,145.09,144.30,144.27,136.31,136.27,136.22,136.18,135.95,135.82,135.43,135.35,135.33,135.24,135.22,130.52,130.43,130.40,129.49,129.30,128.54,128.43,128.39,127.64,127.57,113.78,113.76,113.73,113.67,112.05,111.56,87.77,87.66,87.58,85.77,85.59,84.63,84.51,74.42,74.33,67.02,66.95,63.63,63.49,58.27,58.23,55.60,55.58,53.69,53.62,39.48,39.26,39.18,35.88,35.61,35.43,35.36,28.18,12.83,12.79,12.02,11.95.;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ29.25,29.12;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1398.46,测定值:1398.64。Rf=0.4(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物201:将化合物101(0.150g,0.107mmol)和3%TCA/DCM(10mL)搅拌10分钟以上。TLC和HPLC/MS显示反应完全。添加10mL MeOH并继续搅拌2分钟。蒸发溶剂并且残留物通过柱色谱法纯化以得到白色固体化合物201(85mg,100%)。
1H NMR(399MHz,CD3OD)δ7.78(dd,J=7.2,1.3Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),6.33–6.27(m,2H),5.83–5.70(m,2H),5.25–5.19(m,1H),4.47–4.30(m,3H),4.27–4.22(m,1H),4.11–4.05(m,1H),3.89–3.82(t,J=4.8Hz,4H),3.85(m,2H),3.76–3.70(ddd,J=15.5,7.2,1.7Hz,2H),3.52(dd,J=7.3,3.7Hz,2H),3.28–3.19(br,2H),3.16–3.05(br,4H),3.05–2.98(ddd,J=9.8,5.5,2.0Hz,2H),2.62–2.52(tdd,J=11.5,5.7,1.9Hz,1H),2.47–2.36(m,1H),2.33–2.28(m,2H),1.92–1.87(m,6H);31P NMR(162MHz,CD3OD)δ30.22,30.19;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):794.20,测定值:794.18。Rf=0.3(10%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物102:通过与描述化合物101(417mg,90%)类似的程序,化合物100(400mg,0.352mmol)转化为化合物102。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.17(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),9.13–9.00(d,J=25.7Hz,1H),7.58–7.49(dd,J=26.3,1.5Hz,1H),7.45–7.40(ddd,J=8.0,5.2,1.3Hz,2H),7.40–7.18(m,17H),6.87–6.81(m,8H),6.44–6.30(m,2H),5.65–5.53(m,1H),5.53–5.44(m,1H),5.26–5.16(quintet,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.61–4.54(m,2H),4.30–4.24(m,1H),4.19–4.13(m,1H),3.97–3.88(m,2H),3.80–3.72(m,12H),3.69–3.57(m,1H),3.54–3.30(m,5H),2.61–2.49(dt,J=14.4,5.4Hz,1H),2.44–2.32(m,1H),2.02–1.91(dt,J=12.5,5.4Hz,1H),1.85–1.80(dd,J=5.0,1.3Hz,3H),1.76–1.63(m,1H),1.43–1.36(dd,J=10.2,1.2Hz,3H),1.19–1.14(d,J=2.0Hz,8H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ178.22,178.17,163.82,163.80,163.75,158.92,158.88,150.52,150.43,144.90,144.88,144.10,144.05,136.11,136.08,136.05,136.01,135.59,135.28,135.16,135.03,135.01,130.30,130.23,130.19,130.16,128.69,128.64,128.59,128.39,128.34,128.23,128.21,128.17,127.42,127.34,113.54,113.45,111.85,111.82,111.41,111.36,87.59,87.43,87.37,85.47,85.33,84.43,84.29,84.08,84.00,83.92,74.24,67.36,63.38,63.26,59.42,55.37,39.22,38.77,27.94,27.24,12.57,11.80,11.74;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ29.23,28.97;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1338.51,测定值:1338.84。Rf=0.5(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物202:通过与描述化合物101(105mg,97%)类似的程序,化合物102(200mg,0.151mmol)转化为化合物202。
1H NMR(399MHz,CD3OD)δ7.81–7.75(dd,J=8.2,1.3Hz,1H),7.57–7.51(dd,J=8.2,1.3Hz,1H),6.33–6.23(m,2H),5.85–5.75(m,1H),5.75–5.66(m,1H),5.26–5.19(m,1H),4.72–4.66(m,2H),4.47–4.30(m,3H),4.27–4.20(m,1H),4.11–4.04(m,1H),3.83–3.76(m,2H),3.74–3.64(m,2H),2.62–2.51(m,1H),2.45–2.35(td,J=8.7,6.5Hz,1H),2.32–2.24(m,2H),1.93–1.82(m,6H),1.20–1.15(d,J=2.1Hz,9H);13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ179.65,166.28,152.30,152.28,152.22,137.90,137.81,137.79,130.07,130.04,129.26,129.24,111.93,111.88,111.87,87.26,87.22,86.96,86.90,86.76,86.54,86.12,86.07,85.98,85.92,85.88,85.82,80.54,80.49,80.46,80.41,71.84,71.67,68.71,68.66,68.45,68.40,62.58,62.50,60.72,40.51,40.44,39.70,39.52,39.48,28.67,28.64,28.61,27.53,12.64,12.48;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ29.23,28.97;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):717.22,测定值:717.23。Rf=0.5(10%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物103:通过与描述化合物101(379mg,83%)类似的程序,化合物100(400mg,0.352mmol)转化为化合物103。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.48(s,1H),9.41–9.29(m,1H),7.60–7.48(dd,J=9.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.46–7.40(dt,J=6.9,1.2Hz,2H),7.39–7.17(m,17H),6.89–6.79(m,8H),6.44–6.31(m,2H),5.27–5.20(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),4.30–4.24(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.19–4.15(m,2H),4.13–4.07(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),3.99–3.90(m,2H),3.79–3.74(m,12H),3.70–3.58(m,1H),3.51–3.43(td,J=8.8,7.2,2.3Hz,1H),3.40–3.32(m,1H),3.02–2.85(m,2H),2.61–2.49(dt,J=18.5,7.0Hz,1H),2.47–2.33(m,1H),1.98–1.90(dt,J=10.2,5.0Hz,1H),1.85–1.81(m,3H),1.74–1.62(td,J=14.2,7.1Hz,1H),1.42–1.36(m,3H),1.19–1.13(d,J=4.9Hz,9H);31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ29.36,29.18;13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ177.97,177.89,163.94,163.91,163.90,163.86,158.91,158.87,150.63,150.54,150.53,150.50,144.88,144.85,144.10,144.04,136.09,135.99,135.52,135.50,135.24,135.16,135.12,135.04,135.00,130.31,130.29,130.20,130.16,130.13,128.34,128.20,128.18,128.14,127.39,127.31,124.89,113.55,113.52,113.43,111.84,111.38,87.58,87.42,87.36,85.30,84.98,84.95,84.40,84.33,84.27,83.98,83.91,83.84,79.31,79.27,78.88,78.84,74.16,74.08,67.56,67.50,67.46,67.41,63.33,63.24,62.79,62.75,55.34,39.21,39.16,39.04,39.00,38.85,38.82,29.95,29.92,29.66,29.63,27.17,12.53,11.80,11.72;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1312.69,测定值:1312.49。Rf=0.4(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物203:通过与描述化合物201(103mg,98%)类似的程序,化合物103(200mg,0.154mmol)转化为化合物203。
1H NMR(399MHz,CD3OD)δ7.80–7.76(dd,J=8.2,1.2Hz,1H),7.55–7.51(dd,7.1,1.2Hz,1H),6.32–6.24(m,2H),5.26–5.19(m,1H),4.46–4.20(m,6H),4.10–4.05(m,1H),3.82–3.78(dd,J=6.5,3.2Hz,2H),3.22–3.14(ddd,J=16.6,7.0,5.8Hz,2H),2.61–2.51(tdd,J=13.0,5.9,2.1Hz,1H),2.46–2.37(ddd,J=14.3,8.3,6.0Hz,1H),2.31–2.26(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),1.91–1.86(dt,J=11.0,1.2Hz,6H),1.21–1.17(m,9H);31P NMR(162MHz,CD3OD)δ30.15;13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ179.45,179.42,166.29,152.31,152.29,152.23,137.82,137.80,137.78,111.91,111.88,87.21,87.17,86.94,86.87,86.63,86.52,86.11,86.06,85.92,85.84,85.77,80.67,80.60,80.49,80.43,71.79,71.64,68.80,68.74,68.58,68.52,64.11,64.07,64.02,62.54,62.44,40.48,40.43,39.81,39.71,39.68,39.52,39.47,30.74,30.72,30.68,27.52,12.65,12.50;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):691.21,测定值:691.09。Rf=0.5(10%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物104:通过与描述化合物101(451mg,94%)类似的程序,化合物100(400mg,0.352mmol)转化为化合物104。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.17–9.01(m,2H),7.51–7.46(dd,J=7.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.45–7.38(m,2H),7.37–7.09(m,19H),7.01–6.90(m,2H),6.87–6.78(m,8H),6.39–6.27(m,2H),5.15–5.01(m,1H),4.20–4.13(m,1H),3.96–3.90(m,1H),3.90–3.83(m,2H),3.80–3.68(m,14H),3.52–3.20(m,3H),2.45–2.16(m,2H),2.01–1.88(ddd,J=23.3,13.6,5.6Hz,1H),1.85–1.79(dd,J=9.3,1.2Hz,3H),1.69–1.53(m,1H),1.40–1.31(m,12H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ176.46,176.37,163.84,163.78,158.90,158.87,150.52,150.50,150.43,149.38,149.28,144.95,144.88,144.16,144.10,136.13,136.11,136.09,136.03,135.57,135.49,135.37,135.26,135.21,135.08,135.04,130.83,130.74,130.29,130.21,130.16,129.51,129.49,129.40,129.36,129.35,129.31,128.38,128.35,128.27,128.23,128.19,128.14,127.39,127.33,126.05,125.94,122.94,122.86,113.53,113.42,111.77,111.73,111.39,111.28,87.55,87.52,87.37,87.32,85.33,84.95,84.90,84.29,84.20,84.00,83.92,83.87,83.79,79.05,79.00,74.29,74.24,67.31,67.24,67.17,67.11,63.37,55.37,55.35,39.37,39.32,39.15,39.10,38.64,30.51,30.41,30.36,27.28,27.24,12.59,12.51,11.75,11.67;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ29.12,28.49;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+NH4):1374.51,测定值:1374.74。Rf=0.4(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物204:通过与描述化合物201(98mg,88%)类似的程序,化合物104(200mg,0.147mmol)转化为化合物204。
1H NMR(399MHz,CD3OD)δ7.77–7.73(m,1H),7.51–7.43(m,2H),7.38–7.31(m,1H),7.25–7.19(ddd,J=9.2,5.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.08–7.02(ddd,J=8.0,3.8,1.3Hz,1H),6.28–6.17(m,2H),5.10–5.01(m,1H),4.30–4.16(m,3H),4.11–4.03(m,3H),4.03–3.97(d,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.74–3.63(m,2H),2.48–2.11(m,5H),1.90–1.82(m,6H),1.43–1.36(d,J=3.4Hz,9H);13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ178.05,166.26,152.25,152.19,150.78,137.80,137.76,132.13,132.09,130.61,130.56,127.24,124.10,111.92,111.84,111.79,87.14,87.09,86.80,86.71,86.50,85.98,85.95,85.92,85.87,85.83,85.75,80.55,80.48,80.32,80.27,71.97,71.73,68.67,68.61,68.35,68.29,62.51,62.42,40.41,40.36,40.32,39.66,39.64,39.35,39.29,31.08,31.04,27.61,12.68,12.65,12.49;31P NMR(162MHz,CD3OD)δ29.54,29.29;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):753.22,测定值:753.12。Rf=0.5(10%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物105:通过使用与描述于化合物101(158mg,70%)类似的程序中的化合物14,化合物100(200mg,0.176mmol)转化为化合物105。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46-7.39(m,2H)7.38–7.16(m,18H),6.90–6.77(m,8H),6.43–6.27(m,1H),5.39–5.18(m,2H),4.31–4.23(dd,J=12.0,6.2Hz,1H),4.20–4.12(m,1H),3.98–3.86(m,1H),3.82–3.70(m,12H),3.69–3.52(m,1H),3.50–3.43(td,J=9.9,8.9,2.7Hz,1H),3.41–3.29(ddd,J=17.2,10.8,2.5Hz,1H),2.59–2.49(m,1H),2.44–2.30(m,1H),2.03–1.93(m,1H),1.86–1.79(d,J=2.9Hz,3H),1.75–1.67(m,4H),1.43–1.36(d,3H),1.16–1.08(d,J=9.3Hz,9H);31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ28.14,27.81(两个非对映异构体)。MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1281.4,测定值:1281.1(M+H)+和1298.6(M+NH4)+
化合物205:通过与描述化合物201(66mg,91%)类似的程序,化合物105(137mg,0.107mmol)转化为化合物205。1H NMR(399MHz,CD3OD)δ7.83–7.76(m,1H),7.56–7.50(m,1H),6.34–6.22(m,2H),5.51–5.43(m,H),5.28–5.20(qt,J=7.8,1.8Hz,1H),4.47–4.31(m,3H),4.29–4.21(m,1H),4.10–4.05(m,1H),3.87–3.73(dd,J=7.6,3.1Hz,2H),2.62–2.50(tdd,J=16.9,5.7,1.9Hz,1H),2.45–2.36(m,1H),2.32–2.25(ddd,J=6.9,5.4,1.5Hz,3H),1.92–1.84(m,6H),1.22–1.18(d,J=5.3Hz,9H);31P NMR(162MHz,CD3OD)δ28.71,28.42(两个非对映异构体)。MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):677.2,测定值:677.2(M+H)+,694.2(M+NH4)+
化合物106:通过使用化合物19并根据与描述于化合物101(0.35g,71%)类似的程序,化合物100(405mg,0.357mmol)转化为化合物106。1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.97–9.42(m,2H),7.58–7.47(m,1H),7.46–7.39(m,2H),7.39–7.13(m,17H),6.87–6.78(m,8H),6.44–6.29(dtd,J=20.4,9.2,4.7Hz,2H),5.27–5.16(dt,J=14.7,7.3Hz,1H),4.30–4.22(m,1H),4.22–4.12(m,1H),4.02–3.90(q,J=3.8,3.4Hz,2H),3.80–3.73(m,12H),3.72–3.65(m,5H),3.51–3.43(m,1H),3.40–3.31(m,1H),3.14–2.93(m,2H),2.85–2.72(m,4H),2.67–2.59(m,2H),2.57–2.34(m,6H),1.97–1.87(td,J=13.7,13.1,5.7Hz,1H),1.84(s,3H),1.73–1.61(td,J=14.1,6.8Hz,1H),1.42–1.37(d,J=6.7Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.97,163.94,163.91,158.88,158.84,150.64,150.60,150.52,144.86,144.83,144.09,144.04,136.06,136.04,135.95,135.93,135.54,135.19,135.09,135.03,134.99,130.28,130.17,130.13,128.29,128.17,128.14,127.38,127.31,113.51,113.42,111.82,111.79,111.44,111.38,87.53,87.38,87.33,85.29,85.26,84.89,84.85,84.41,84.36,84.29,84.25,83.88,83.85,83.80,83.76,79.28,79.23,78.72,78.67,74.04,67.53,67.46,67.37,67.29,66.77,63.33,63.21,57.84,55.34,53.41,53.34,39.23,39.09,39.01,38.92,38.55,38.51,38.46,38.42,35.64,35.59,30.35,30.30,30.26,12.60,11.79,11.74;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ29.30,29.14;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1372.44,测定值:1372.79。Rf=0.4(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物206:通过与描述化合物201(110mg,98%)类似的程序,化合物106(200mg,0.146mmol)转化为化合物206。1H NMR(399MHz,CD3OD)δ7.83–7.75(dd,J=7.6,1.4Hz,1H),7.56–7.48(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.35–6.23(m,2H),5.27–5.20(m,1H),4.48–4.31(m,3H),4.28–4.21(dd,J=9.7,2.1Hz,1H),4.11–4.04(t,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.97–3.84(br,4H),3.83–3.77(dd,J=6.0,3.2Hz,2H),3.43–3.36(m,2H),3.29–3.18(m,6H),3.11–3.00(m,4H),2.62–2.51(tdd,J=11.7,5.7,1.7Hz,1H),2.47–2.38(ddd,J=14.3,8.4,6.0Hz,1H),2.38–2.25(q,J=5.3,4.8Hz,2H),1.91(s,3H),1.88(s,3H);31P NMR(162MHz,CD3OD)δ30.19,30.12;13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ166.28,166.24,166.23,152.32,152.27,152.24,138.05,138.00,137.77,137.75,112.08,112.03,111.97,111.94,87.28,87.24,87.01,86.96,86.62,86.51,86.10,86.06,85.76,85.68,71.73,71.51,68.91,68.58,68.51,65.44,62.60,62.50,57.50,53.50,40.25,40.16,39.64,39.57,39.20,39.16,39.06,32.56,32.55,31.04,31.00,12.73,12.69,12.52;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):768.18,测定值:768.14。Rf=0.3(10%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物107:使用化合物22代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物107。
化合物207:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物107转化为化合物207。
化合物108:使用化合物25代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物108。
化合物208:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物108转化为化合物208。
化合物109:使用化合物27代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物109。
化合物209:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物109转化为化合物209。
化合物110:使用化合物29代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物110。
化合物210:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物110转化为化合物210。
化合物111:使用化合物31代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物111。
化合物211:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物111转化为化合物211。
化合物112:使用化合物33代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物112。
化合物212:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物112转化为化合物212。
化合物113:使用化合物38代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物113。
化合物213:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物113转化为化合物213。
化合物114:使用化合物41代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物114。
化合物214:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物114转化为化合物214。
化合物115:使用化合物43代替化合物5,通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物115。
化合物215:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物115转化为化合物215。
实施例3–使用双(甲烷硫代磺酸酯)试剂的硫代磷酸三酯的替代合成
方案3
化合物150:通过与描述化合物101(170mg,50%)类似的程序,化合物100(300mg,0.264mmol)转化为化合物150。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.34–9.30(s,1H),9.28–9.17(d,J=30.6Hz,1H),7.57–7.47(m,1H),7.47–7.40(m,2H),7.38–7.18(m,17H),7.18–7.07(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),6.88–6.77(dd,J=9.0,1.5Hz,8H),6.44–6.34(ddd,J=15.6,8.9,5.4Hz,1H),6.32–6.21(ddd,J=18.9,8.5,5.9Hz,1H),5.27–5.19(q,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.46–4.33(m,2H),4.31–4.16(m,2H),4.03–3.91(m,2H),3.81–3.67(m,12H),3.54–3.46(m,1H),3.42–3.34(m,1H),3.34–3.25(d,J=20.2Hz,3H),2.64–2.53(td,J=13.4,5.4Hz,1H),2.47–2.34(dq,J=19.9,6.5,5.9Hz,1H),1.99–1.91(m,1H),1.85–1.80(t,J=1.5Hz,3H),1.78–1.65(tt,J=14.1,7.5Hz,1H),1.44–1.37(dd,J=7.3,1.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ171.27,163.83,163.80,158.95,158.93,158.90,150.64,150.53,150.46,150.38,144.91,144.88,144.09,144.02,136.00,135.98,135.94,135.81,135.11,135.04,134.98,134.97,130.34,130.27,130.20,128.30,128.23,128.20,127.46,127.36,113.59,113.56,113.48,111.95,111.38,87.60,87.47,87.43,86.03,85.83,84.44,84.34,83.81,79.82,79.58,73.99,73.91,67.85,67.78,63.31,63.20,55.39,51.77,51.70,39.16,38.99,38.90,37.21,37.16,37.12,37.05,12.63,12.57,11.85,11.80;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ26.15,25.60;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1308.37,测定值:1308.70。Rf=0.5(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物151:在室温下,化合物150(150mg,0.116mmol)的DCM(5mL)溶液用2-吗啉乙硫醇(17mg,0.116mmol)处理,通过TLC监测。0.5小时后,混合物用NaHCO3洗涤,萃取5x至DCM中。将有机萃取物干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并浓缩。柱色谱法得到无色固体泡沫状化合物151(81mg,51%)。
1H NMR(399MHz,CDCl3)δ9.68–9.54(m,1H),9.44(s,1H),7.59–7.48(m,1H),7.47–7.40(m,2H),7.40–7.13(m,17H),6.90–6.76(ddd,J=9.3,4.4,2.7Hz,8H),6.45–6.27(m,2H),5.32–5.22(dd,J=8.5,5.7Hz,1H),4.34–4.25(m,1H),4.23–4.14(m,1H),4.07–3.89(m,2H),3.79–3.74(m,12H),3.74–3.65(m,6H),3.51–3.33(m,2H),2.90–2.79(dd,J=14.2,7.6Hz,2H),2.73–2.55(m,3H),2.55–2.34(m,6H),2.02–1.91(m,1H),1.87–1.81(dd,J=4.9,1.2Hz,3H),1.77–1.66(ddd,J=14.2,8.7,6.4Hz,1H),1.41–1.35(dd,J=6.6,1.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.97,163.93,163.88,158.90,158.86,158.71,150.64,150.59,150.53,150.50,144.92,144.88,144.13,144.08,136.11,136.07,136.03,136.00,135.73,135.60,135.22,135.14,135.08,135.04,135.02,130.32,130.30,130.23,130.18,128.33,128.19,128.17,127.39,127.33,113.56,113.52,113.45,111.85,111.82,111.38,111.29,87.56,87.41,87.38,85.71,85.35,84.91,84.38,84.27,84.22,84.05,83.97,83.85,83.78,79.36,79.11,79.05,74.25,74.07,67.39,66.88,66.79,63.27,57.80,55.36,53.55,53.51,53.40,43.06,40.72,40.54,39.25,39.16,39.01,35.91,12.64,12.60,11.78,11.74;31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ27.76,27.46;MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):1358.43,测定值:1358.74。Rf=0.4(5%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物251:通过与描述化合物201(10mg,24%)类似的程序,化合物151(75mg,0.055mmol)转化为化合物251。MS(ESI+ve):计算值(M+H):754.17,测定值:754.19。Rf=0.3(10%MeOH/DCM)。
化合物152:通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物152。
方案4.硫代磷酸三酯在载载体上的合成
(i)Beaucage试剂,BSA,ACN,(ii)28%NH3水溶液,(iii)NH4OAc(AA)缓冲液,(iv)MTS-Me,BSTFA,Et3N,ACN,
(v)PrNH2,ACN,(vi)化合物12,BSTFA,ACN,
化合物153:使用1-硫代-β-D-四乙酰葡萄糖代替化合物4,通过与描述化合物151类似的程序,化合物152转化为化合物153。
化合物253:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物153转化为化合物253。
化合物154:通过与描述化合物101类似的程序,化合物100转化为化合物154。
化合物155:通过与描述化合物151类似的程序,化合物154转化为化合物155。
化合物255:通过与描述化合物201类似的程序,化合物155转化为化合物255。
实施例4–在固相中H-膦酸酯的硫代烷基化提供硫代磷酸三酯
化合物300:根据已报道的方法(Journal of American Chemical Society 2008,130,16031-16037;Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2009,48,496-499),(Rp)-CAGT-H-膦酸酯-草酰连接基-CPG的合成在Applied Biosystems 394DNA/RNA合成仪上进行。
化合物301:(Sp)-CAGT-硫代磷酸酯(R=H):(Rp)-CAGT-H-膦酸酯-草酰连接基-CPG用0.2M Beaucage试剂/CH3CN-BSA(9:1,v/v)处理,在室温下搅拌1小时,然后依次用CS2和乙腈洗涤并且减压干燥。所得CPG用2mL 28%的水性NH3处理并且在室温下搅拌18小时。减压去除NH3后,所得的产物通过LC/MS和HPLC进行分析。
化合物302:(Sp)-CAGT-S-甲基硫代磷酸三酯(R=Me):BSTFA(50μL,188μmol)和乙腈(500μL)加至(Rp)-CAGT-H-膦酸酯-草酰连接基-CPG(14.7mg,1μmol),然后将混合物在室温下摇动20分钟。添加S-甲基甲烷硫代磺酸酯(20μL,212μmol)和NEt3(50μL)并且在室温下继续摇动1小时。CPG用CH3CN洗涤然后在真空中干燥。干燥的CH3CN(2mL)中的20%PrNH2加至CPG并且将混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。减压去除溶剂,并且将CH3CN加至混合物。通过过滤去除CPG并且将滤液减压浓缩。添加CH3CN/DMSO/0.5M AA缓冲液(1:1:1,v/v/v),将混合物在室温下搅拌16小时,然后通过LC/MS和HPLC分析。
化合物303:在载体上化合物303由化合物300的硫化作用而制备然后切割。将ACN(450μL)、BSTFA(50μL)和化合物12(20mg)加至摇动18小时的化合物300(1μmol)。通过过滤收集CPG,重悬浮于干燥的CH3CN(2mL)中的20%PrNH2,并且在室温下摇动16小时。减压去除溶剂并且残留物经RPHPLC纯化以提供纯的化合物303。
实施例5-在溶液相中H-膦酸酯的硫代烷基化提供硫代磷酸三酯
方案5.硫代磷酸三酯在溶液中的合成
(i)2∶1∶2v/v/v ACN∶BSTFA∶PrNH2,18小时室温,(ii)吡啶,BSTFA,R-MTS,室温,(iii)1∶1v/v MeOH∶0.5M TEAA,18小时室温
化合物305:将化合物300(0.5μmol)溶于ACN(125μL)然后添加BSTFA(62μL)并且将混合物摇动20分钟。添加PrNH2(125μL)并且将小瓶旋转18小时。过滤并用1mL ACN洗涤后,在真空中去除溶剂并且将残留物和甲苯共同蒸发3次以提供粗化合物304。残留物重溶于吡啶(375μL)并且在Ar下用BSTFA(16μl,60.0μmol)然后化合物9(7.2mg,30.0μmol)搅拌处理。在室温下2小时后去除溶剂并且残留物用MeOH(0.125mL)处理1小时,然后添加AA(0.5M,0.125mL)并且将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。产物通过RPHPLC纯化以提供化合物305。
化合物303:用化合物12取代化合物9,通过与描述化合物305类似的程序来制备化合物303。
化合物306:用化合物12取代化合物14,通过与描述化合物305类似的程序来制备化合物306。
化合物307:用化合物12取代化合物29,通过与描述化合物305类似的程序来制备化合物307。
化合物308:用化合物12取代化合物31,通过与描述化合物305类似的程序来制备化合物308。
化合物309:用化合物12取代化合物38,通过与描述化合物305类似的程序来制备化合物309。
实施例6-立体选择性的H-磷酸酯的硫代烷基化
目标:为证明MTS试剂至H-膦酸酯以产生硫代磷酸三酯的反应是立体特异的。在反应过程期间,31P NMR用于跟踪所发生的变化。
方案5
实验程序:将0.8mL CD3CN中的100S 5′-O-(4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基)胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷-3′-基3′-O-(4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基)胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷-5′-基H-膦酸酯(20mg,18μmol)加至NMR管中并且记录31P NMR图谱。将BSTFA(17μL,176μmol)加至相同的NMR管中并且5分钟后再次记录31P NMR图谱。将三乙胺(49μL,352μmol)和S-甲基甲烷硫代磺酸酯(22μL,88μmol)加至相同的NMR管中并且立即记录31P NMR图谱。
对于Rp异构体(化合物100R)重复相同的程序。记录起始材料、中间体和产物的31PNMR图谱显示在反应期间保留磷原子的立体化学。
虽然本发明的优选实施方案已在本文显示和描述,此类实施方案仅以举例的方式提供,这对本领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。在不背离本发明的情况下,对本领域技术人员许多改变、变化和取代将现在发生。应理解在实践本发明中可采用本文所述的本发明的实施方案的各种替代。下列权利要求旨在限制该发明的范围,从而涵盖这些权利要求范围内的方法和结构及其等同物。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ia的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;和
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IIa的硫代磺酸酯试剂反应以提供结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ia的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IIa的硫代磺酸酯试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是烷基、环烷基或杂芳基;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
并且所述结构IIIa的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间。
2.一种制备包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使包含结构Ib的非立体无规的磷键的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;和
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IIb的硫代磺酸酯反应以提供包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述包含结构Ib的非立体无规的磷键的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IIb的硫代磺酸酯试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
并且所述包含结构IIIb的非立体无规的磷键的手性硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、NH或CH2;
R是烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基、杂芳烷基或R1-R2;
R1选自-S-亚烯基-、-S-亚烷基-、-S-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-、-S-CO-芳基-亚烷基-或-S-CO-亚烷基-芳基-亚烷基-;
R2选自杂环-亚烷基-S-、杂环-亚烯基-S-、氨基烷基-S-或(烷基)4N-亚烷基-S-;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中W是O。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中R1选自:
并且
R2选自:
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述甲硅烷基化试剂选自
1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二苯基二硅氮烷;
1,3-二甲基-1,1,3,3-四苯基二硅氮烷;
1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑;
N-三甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
双(二甲氨基)二甲基硅烷;
三甲基溴硅烷;
二甲基氯(五氟苯基)硅烷;
三乙基氯硅烷;
三异丙基氯硅烷;
三甲基氯硅烷;
二甲基二氯硅烷;
六甲基二硅氮烷;
N,N′-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)脲;
N,N-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲胺;
N,N-二甲基三甲基甲硅烷基胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基甲酸酯;
N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
N-叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺;
N-甲基-N-三甲基甲硅烷基七氟丁酰胺;
三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三乙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
三异丙基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;或
叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺、三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯、三甲基氯硅烷或1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)咪唑。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述甲硅烷基化试剂选自N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述H-磷酸酯共价连接到固相。
9.一种制备结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的方法,其包括步骤:
i)使结构Ic的H-磷酸酯与甲硅烷基化试剂反应以提供甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯;
ii)使所述甲硅烷氧基磷酸酯与结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂反应以提供包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯;
iii)使所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯与结构VIc的亲核体反应以提供结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯;
其中,
所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;并且
n是1至约200之间;并且
所述结构IVc的双(硫代磺酸酯)试剂具有以下结构:
其中,
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
每个R6独立地是烷基、环烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
所述结构VIc的亲核体具有以下结构:
R7-SH,其中R7选自烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
并且结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯具有以下结构:
其中,
W独立选自O、S、NH或CH2;
R是R7-S-S-X-
R7是烷基、烯基、芳基、杂环、氨基烷基或(杂环)烷基;
X是亚烷基、亚烯基、亚芳基或杂亚芳基;
R3是-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-P(O)(Re)2、-HP(O)(Re)、-ORa或-SRc;
Y1是O、NRd、S或Se;
Ra是封闭基团;
Rc是封闭基团;
Rd的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、酰基、取代的甲硅烷基、氨基甲酸酯、-P(O)(Re)2或-HP(O)(Re);
Re的每个实例独立地是氢、烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y2-、烯基-Y2-、炔基-Y2-、芳基-Y2-或杂芳基-Y2-或阳离子Na+1、Li+1或K+1;
Y2是O、NRd或S;
R4的每个实例独立地是氢、-OH、-SH、-NRdRd、-N3、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷基-Y1-、烯基-Y1-、炔基-Y1-、芳基-Y1-、杂芳基-Y1-、-ORb或-SRc,并且Rb是封闭基团;
Ba的每个实例独立地是封闭或未封闭的腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶或修饰的核碱基;
R5是氢、封闭基团、连接到固体载体的连接部分或连接到核酸的连接部分;
n是1至约200之间;并且
其中所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯、所述包含结构Vc的硫代磺酸酯基团的硫代磷酸三酯和所述结构IIIc的硫代磷酸三酯的所述磷键可任选地包含非立体无规的磷键。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述结构IIIb的硫代磷酸三酯包含非立体无规的磷键并且所述结构Ic的H-磷酸酯包含非立体无规的磷键;并且W独立选自O、NH或CH2。
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US20140194610A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
JP2017141272A (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
MX2014000716A (es) | 2014-05-22 |
US20180222936A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
JP6128529B2 (ja) | 2017-05-17 |
CA2842358A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
BR112014001244A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
US20170029457A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
CA2842358C (en) | 2020-07-14 |
AU2012284265B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
US9605019B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
SG10201700554VA (en) | 2017-03-30 |
AU2012284265A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
MX347361B (es) | 2017-04-12 |
US10280192B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
EP2734208A4 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
CN103796657A (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
WO2013012758A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
JP2014522862A (ja) | 2014-09-08 |
EP2734208B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
JP6490133B2 (ja) | 2019-03-27 |
KR20140068884A (ko) | 2014-06-09 |
EP2734208A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
HK1198479A1 (zh) | 2015-05-08 |
DK2734208T3 (en) | 2017-06-19 |
ES2626488T3 (es) | 2017-07-25 |
IL230522A0 (en) | 2014-03-31 |
RU2014105311A (ru) | 2015-08-27 |
EP3248982A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
IL230522B (en) | 2018-02-28 |
CN103796657B (zh) | 2017-07-11 |
ES2626488T8 (es) | 2017-08-14 |
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